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Fair Value Disclosures
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] 
Fair Value Disclosures

12. Fair Value Disclosures

For financial assets and liabilities fair valued on a recurring basis, fair value is the price we would receive to sell an asset, or pay to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date. In the absence of such data, fair value is estimated using internal information consistent with what market participants would use in a hypothetical transaction which occurs at the transaction date.

Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions; preference is given to observable inputs. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

 

   

Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

 

   

Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

 

   

Level 3: Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.

The following table presents information about our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 under the fair value hierarchy discussed above.

 

     September 30, 2011      December 31, 2010  

(in millions)

   Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      Total  

Assets

                       

Deferred compensation plan investments

   $ 37.4       $ —         $ —         $ 37.4       $ 46.7       $ —         $ —         $ 46.7   

Available-for-sale investment

     —           —           —           —           5.0         —           —           5.0   

Derivative financial instruments

     —           0.1         —           0.1         —           —           —           —     

Liabilities

                       

Derivative financial instruments

   $ —         $ 22.2       $ —         $ 22.2       $ —         $ 36.9       $ —         $ 36.9   

Deferred Compensation Plan Investments. The estimated fair values of investment securities classified as deferred compensation plan investments are included in Level 1 and are based on quoted market prices utilizing public information for the same transactions. Our deferred compensation plan investments are recorded in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The balance at September 30, 2011 also reflects approximately $12.0 million of participant withdrawals from our deferred compensation plan investments during 2011.

Available-for-sale Investment. During February 2011, we received proceeds from the sale of our available-for-sale investment of approximately $4.5 million, resulting in a gross realized gain of approximately $4.3 million. This available-for-sale investment was included in Level 1 in the preceding table as of December 31, 2010 and was valued using quoted market prices.

 

Derivative Financial Instruments. The estimated fair values of derivative financial instruments are included in Level 2 and are valued using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and volatility. The fair values of interest rate swaps and caps are estimated using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. In addition, credit valuation adjustments, which consider the impact of any credit enhancements to the contracts, are incorporated in the fair values to account for potential nonperformance risk, including our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty's nonperformance risk. The fair value of interest rate caps is determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts which would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rate of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the cap are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observed market interest rate curves and volatilities.

Although we have determined the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default. However, as of September 30, 2011, we have assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of our derivative positions and have determined the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of our derivatives. As a result, we have determined our derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Other Fair Value Disclosures. As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and distributions payable approximated fair value based on the short-term nature of these instruments.

In calculating the fair value of our notes receivable and notes payable, interest rates and spreads reflect current creditworthiness and market conditions available for the issuance of notes receivable and notes payable with similar terms and remaining maturities. The following table presents the carrying and estimated fair value of our notes receivable and notes payable at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

 

Nonrecurring Fair Value Disclosures. Nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis primarily relate to impairment of long-lived assets or investments. There were no events during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 which required fair value adjustments of our nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities.