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Segment Information, Nature of Operations, and Certain Concentrations
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information, Nature of Operations, and Certain Concentrations
2.    Segment Information, Nature of Operations, and Certain Concentrations
Our homebuilding operations primarily construct and sell single-family detached homes, townhomes and condominium buildings under three trade names: Ryan Homes, NVHomes and Heartland Homes. The Ryan Homes product is marketed primarily to first-time and first-time move-up buyers. Ryan Homes operates in thirty-five metropolitan areas located in Maryland, Virginia, Washington, D.C., Delaware, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, New York, New Jersey, Indiana, Illinois, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and Tennessee.  The NVHomes and Heartland Homes products are marketed primarily to move-up and luxury buyers. NVHomes operates in Delaware and the Washington, D.C., Baltimore, MD and Philadelphia, PA metropolitan areas. Heartland Homes operates in the Pittsburgh, PA metropolitan area. We derived approximately 21% of our 2022 homebuilding revenues from the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.
Our mortgage banking segment is a regional mortgage banking operation. Substantially all of our loan closing activity is for our homebuilding customers. Our mortgage banking business generates revenues primarily from origination fees, gains on sales of loans, and title fees. A substantial portion of our mortgage operations is conducted in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.
The following disclosure includes four homebuilding reportable segments that aggregate geographically our homebuilding operating segments, and the mortgage banking operations presented as a single reportable segment. The homebuilding reportable segments are comprised of operating divisions in the following geographic areas:
Mid Atlantic: Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware and Washington, D.C.
North East: New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania
Mid East: New York, Ohio, Western Pennsylvania, Indiana and Illinois
South East: North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Florida and Georgia
Homebuilding profit before tax includes all revenues and income generated from the sale of homes, less the cost of homes sold, selling, general and administrative expenses, and a corporate capital allocation charge. The corporate capital allocation charge is eliminated in consolidation and is based on the segment’s average net assets employed. The corporate capital allocation charged to the operating segment allows the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) to determine whether the operating segment’s results are providing the desired rate of return after covering our cost of capital.
Assets not allocated to the operating segments are not included in either the operating segment's corporate capital allocation charge or the CODM's evaluation of the operating segment's performance. We record charges on contract land deposits when it is determined that it is probable that recovery of the deposit is impaired. For segment reporting purposes, impairments on contract land deposits are charged to the operating segment upon the termination of an LPA with the developer, or the restructuring of an LPA resulting in the forfeiture of the deposit.
Mortgage banking profit before tax consists of revenues generated from mortgage financing, title insurance and closing services, less the costs of such services and general and administrative costs. Mortgage banking operations are not charged a corporate capital allocation charge.
In addition to the corporate capital allocation and contract land deposit impairments discussed above, the other reconciling items between segment profit and consolidated profit before tax include unallocated corporate overhead (including all management incentive compensation), equity-based compensation expense, consolidation adjustments and external corporate interest income and expense. Our overhead functions, such as accounting, treasury and human resources are centrally performed and the costs are not allocated to our operating segments. Consolidation adjustments consist of such items necessary to convert the reportable segments’ results, which are predominantly maintained on a cash basis, to a full accrual basis for external financial statement presentation purposes, and are not allocated to our operating segments. External corporate interest expense primarily consists of interest charges on our 3.00% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Senior Notes”), which are not charged to the operating segments because the charges are included in the corporate capital allocation discussed above.
The following tables present certain segment financial data, with reconciliations to the amounts reported for the consolidated company, where applicable:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Revenues:   
Homebuilding Mid Atlantic$4,766,329 $4,049,871 $3,668,542 
Homebuilding North East892,543 767,828 538,772 
Homebuilding Mid East2,147,262 1,891,729 1,524,667 
Homebuilding South East2,520,636 1,992,265 1,596,908 
Mortgage Banking199,664 249,332 208,034 
Consolidated revenues$10,526,434 $8,951,025 $7,536,923 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Profit before taxes:   
Homebuilding Mid Atlantic$994,027 $734,941 $437,849 
Homebuilding North East157,333 105,432 50,677 
Homebuilding Mid East343,236 271,756 168,605 
Homebuilding South East577,030 329,982 205,029 
Mortgage Banking125,756 176,251 143,319 
Total segment profit2,197,382 1,618,362 1,005,479 
Reconciling items:   
Contract land deposit reserve adjustment (1)(27,300)22,163 (24,633)
Equity-based compensation expense (2)(82,537)(58,234)(50,794)
Corporate capital allocation (3)302,904 252,787 239,233 
Unallocated corporate overhead(129,998)(139,611)(114,921)
Consolidation adjustments and other (4)(1,719)(56,511)54,561 
Corporate interest income32,457 2,840 8,464 
Corporate interest expense(37,995)(51,393)(39,356)
Reconciling items sub-total55,812 (27,959)72,554 
Consolidated profit before taxes$2,253,194 $1,590,403 $1,078,033 

(1)This item represents changes to the contract land deposit impairment reserve, which are not allocated to the reportable segments. See further discussion of contract land deposit impairment charges in Note 3.
(2)The increase in equity-based compensation expense in 2022 was primarily attributable to a four year block grant of Options and RSUs in May 2022. See Note 12 for additional discussion of equity-based compensation.
(3)This item represents the elimination of the corporate capital allocation charge included in the respective homebuilding reportable segments. The corporate capital allocation charge is based on the segment’s monthly average asset balance, and was as follows for the years presented:
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Corporate capital allocation charge:   
Homebuilding Mid Atlantic$143,251 $124,316 $124,426 
Homebuilding North East30,623 25,431 22,850 
Homebuilding Mid East51,376 43,686 40,256 
Homebuilding South East77,654 59,354 51,701 
Total corporate capital allocation charge$302,904 $252,787 $239,233 

(4)    The consolidation adjustments and other in each period are primarily driven by changes in units under construction as well as significant fluctuations in lumber prices year over year. Our reportable segments' results include the intercompany profits of our production facilities for home packages delivered to our homebuilding divisions. Costs related to homes not yet settled are reversed through the consolidation adjustment and recorded in inventory. These costs are subsequently recorded through the consolidation adjustment when the respective homes are settled. The consolidation adjustment in 2021 was negatively impacted by a higher number of units under construction as of the end of the year compared to the prior year end, resulting in an increase in the reversal of intercompany profits year over year through the consolidation adjustment. In 2022, the consolidation adjustment was favorably impacted by a reduction in the number of units under construction year over year, resulting in a decrease in intercompany profits deferred year over year. This favorable impact was offset by the recognition of previously deferred home package costs that included higher priced lumber.

 As of December 31,
 20222021
Assets:  
Homebuilding Mid Atlantic$1,152,564 $1,322,818 
Homebuilding North East250,001 235,048 
Homebuilding Mid East378,833 438,700 
Homebuilding South East697,923 629,198 
Mortgage Banking406,456 371,685 
Total segment assets2,885,777 2,997,449 
Reconciling items:  
Cash and cash equivalents2,503,424 2,545,069 
Deferred taxes143,585 132,894 
Intangible assets and goodwill49,368 49,368 
Operating lease right-of-use assets71,081 59,010 
Finance lease right-of-use assets13,745 14,578 
Contract land deposit reserve(57,060)(30,041)
Consolidation adjustments and other51,053 66,148 
Reconciling items sub-total2,775,196 2,837,026 
Consolidated assets$5,660,973 $5,834,475 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Interest income:   
Mortgage Banking$11,853 $8,725 $8,930 
Total segment interest income11,853 8,725 8,930 
Other unallocated interest income32,458 3,154 8,549 
Consolidated interest income$44,311 $11,879 $17,479 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Interest expense:   
Homebuilding Mid Atlantic$143,322 $124,385 $124,486 
Homebuilding North East30,658 25,463 22,859 
Homebuilding Mid East51,384 43,695 40,261 
Homebuilding South East77,685 59,381 51,729 
Mortgage Banking1,384 1,587 1,414 
Total segment interest expense304,433 254,511 240,749 
Corporate capital allocation (3)(302,904)(252,787)(239,233)
Senior Notes and other interest37,995 51,393 39,356 
Consolidated interest expense$39,524 $53,117 $40,872 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Depreciation and amortization:   
Homebuilding Mid Atlantic$5,923 $6,183 $6,806 
Homebuilding North East1,216 1,628 1,800 
Homebuilding Mid East3,948 4,259 4,969 
Homebuilding South East3,093 3,325 3,636 
Mortgage Banking1,135 1,283 1,534 
Total segment depreciation and amortization15,315 16,678 18,745 
Unallocated corporate2,081 2,785 3,247 
Consolidated depreciation and amortization$17,396 $19,463 $21,992 
 Year Ended December 31,
 202220212020
Expenditures for property and equipment:   
Homebuilding Mid Atlantic$7,033 $7,073 $5,712 
Homebuilding North East1,420 1,062 1,083 
Homebuilding Mid East4,504 4,813 5,041 
Homebuilding South East3,993 4,142 3,818 
Mortgage Banking1,062 401 265 
Total segment expenditures for property and equipment18,012 17,491 15,919 
Unallocated corporate416 384 200 
Consolidated expenditures for property and equipment$18,428 $17,875 $16,119