10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K


☒	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 1-12252 (Equity Residential)

Commission File Number: 0-24920 (ERP Operating Limited Partnership)

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Maryland (Equity Residential)	13-3675988 (Equity Residential)
Illinois (ERP Operating Limited Partnership)	36-3894853 (ERP Operating Limited Partnership)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Two North Riverside Plaza, Chicago, Illinois 60606	(312) 474-1300
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)	(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.01 Par Value (Equity Residential)	EQR	New York Stock Exchange
7.57% Notes due August 15, 2026 (ERP Operating Limited Partnership)	N/A	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None (Equity Residential)

Units of Limited Partnership Interest (ERP Operating Limited Partnership)

(Title of each class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.


Equity Residential Yes ☒ No ☐	ERP Operating Limited Partnership Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.


Equity Residential Yes ☐ No ☒	ERP Operating Limited Partnership Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.


Equity Residential Yes ☒ No ☐	ERP Operating Limited Partnership Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).


Equity Residential Yes ☒ No ☐	ERP Operating Limited Partnership Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Equity Residential:
Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐


ERP Operating Limited Partnership:
Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.


Equity Residential		☐		ERP Operating Limited Partnership		☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.


Equity Residential	☒	ERP Operating Limited Partnership	☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
Equity Residential	☐	ERP Operating Limited Partnership	☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive oﬃcers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).
Equity Residential	☐	ERP Operating Limited Partnership	☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).


Equity Residential Yes ☐ No ☒	ERP Operating Limited Partnership Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of Common Shares held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $26.8 billion based upon the closing price on June 30, 2022 of $72.22 using beneficial ownership of shares rules adopted pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to exclude voting shares owned by Trustees and Executive Officers, some of whom may not be held to be affiliates upon judicial determination.

The number of Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.01 par value, outstanding on February 10, 2023 was 378,602,684.


Auditor Firm Id:	42	Auditor Name:	Ernst and Young LLP	Auditor Location:	Chicago, Illinois, USA

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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Part III incorporates by reference certain information that will be contained in Equity Residential’s Proxy Statement relating to its 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which Equity Residential intends to file no later than 120 days after the end of its fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and thus these items have been omitted in accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K. Equity Residential is the general partner and 96.8% owner of ERP Operating Limited Partnership.

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the annual reports on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 of Equity Residential and ERP Operating Limited Partnership. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “EQR” mean Equity Residential, a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and references to “ERPOP” mean ERP Operating Limited Partnership, an Illinois limited partnership. References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean collectively EQR, ERPOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by EQR and/or ERPOP. References to the “Operating Partnership” mean collectively ERPOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by ERPOP. The following chart illustrates the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s corporate structure:

EQR is the general partner of, and as of December 31, 2022 owned an approximate 96.8% ownership interest in, ERPOP. The remaining 3.2% interest is owned by limited partners. As the sole general partner of ERPOP, EQR has exclusive control of ERPOP’s day-to-day management. Management operates the Company and the Operating Partnership as one business. The management of EQR consists of the same members as the management of ERPOP.

The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT (“UPREIT”) and EQR contributes all net proceeds from its various equity offerings to ERPOP. In return for those contributions, EQR receives a number of OP Units (see definition below) in ERPOP equal to the number of Common Shares it has issued in the equity offering. The Company may acquire properties in transactions that include the issuance of OP Units as consideration for the acquired properties. Such transactions may, in certain circumstances, enable the sellers to defer in whole or in part, the recognition of taxable income or gain that might otherwise result from the sales. This is one of the reasons why the Company is structured in the manner shown above. Based on the terms of ERPOP’s partnership agreement, OP Units can be exchanged with Common Shares on a one-for-one basis because the Company maintains a one-for-one relationship between the OP Units of ERPOP issued to EQR and the outstanding Common Shares.

The Company believes that combining the reports on Form 10-K of EQR and ERPOP into this single report provides the following benefits:

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enhances investors’ understanding of the Company and the Operating Partnership by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;

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eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined and readable presentation since a substantial portion of the disclosure applies to both the Company and the Operating Partnership; and

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creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.

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The Company believes it is important to understand the few differences between EQR and ERPOP in the context of how EQR and ERPOP operate as a consolidated company. All of the Company’s property ownership, development and related business operations are conducted through the Operating Partnership and EQR has no material assets or liabilities other than its investment in ERPOP. EQR’s primary function is acting as the general partner of ERPOP. EQR also issues equity from time to time, the net proceeds of which it is obligated to contribute to ERPOP. EQR does not have any indebtedness as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all of the assets of the Company, including the Company’s ownership interests in its joint ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for the net proceeds from equity offerings by EQR (which are contributed to the capital of ERPOP in exchange for additional partnership interests in ERPOP (“OP Units”) (on a one-for-one Common Share per OP Unit basis) or additional preference units in ERPOP (on a one-for-one preferred share per preference unit basis)), the Operating Partnership generates all remaining capital required by the Company’s business. These sources include the Operating Partnership’s working capital, net cash provided by operating activities, borrowings under its revolving credit facility and/or commercial paper program, the issuance of secured and unsecured debt and partnership interests, and proceeds received from disposition of certain properties and joint venture interests.

Shareholders’ equity, partners’ capital and noncontrolling interests are the main areas of difference between the consolidated financial statements of the Company and those of the Operating Partnership. The limited partners of the Operating Partnership are accounted for as partners’ capital in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements and as noncontrolling interests in the Company’s financial statements. The noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements include the interests of unaffiliated partners in various consolidated partnerships. The noncontrolling interests in the Company’s financial statements include the same noncontrolling interests at the Operating Partnership level and limited partner OP Unit holders of the Operating Partnership. The differences between shareholders’ equity and partners’ capital result from differences in the equity issued at the Company and Operating Partnership levels.

To help investors understand the differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership, this report provides separate consolidated financial statements for the Company and the Operating Partnership; a single set of consolidated notes to such financial statements that includes separate discussions of each entity’s debt, noncontrolling interests and shareholders’ equity or partners’ capital, as applicable; and a combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section that includes discrete information related to each entity.

This report also includes separate Part II, Item 9A, Controls and Procedures, sections and separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for each of the Company and the Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that the Company and the Operating Partnership are compliant with Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and 18 U.S.C. §1350.

In order to highlight the differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership, the separate sections in this report for the Company and the Operating Partnership specifically refer to the Company and the Operating Partnership. In the sections that combine disclosure of the Company and the Operating Partnership, this report refers to actions or holdings as being actions or holdings of the Company. Although the Operating Partnership is generally the entity that directly or indirectly enters into contracts and joint ventures and holds assets and debt, reference to the Company is appropriate because the Company is one business and the Company operates that business through the Operating Partnership.

As general partner with control of ERPOP, EQR consolidates ERPOP for financial reporting purposes, and EQR essentially has no assets or liabilities other than its investment in ERPOP. Therefore, the assets and liabilities of the Company and the Operating Partnership are the same on their respective financial statements. The separate discussions of the Company and the Operating Partnership in this report should be read in conjunction with each other to understand the results of the Company on a consolidated basis and how management operates the Company.

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

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		PAGE
PART I.

Item 1.	Business	6

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	11

Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	21

Item 2.	Properties	21

Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	23

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	23

PART II.

Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	24

Item 6.	Reserved	24

Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25

Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	40

Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	41

Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	41

Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	41

Item 9B.	Other Information	42

Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections	42

PART III.

Item 10.	Trustees, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	43

Item 11.	Executive Compensation	43

Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	43

Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Trustee Independence	43

Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	43

PART IV.

Item 15.	Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules	44

Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	44

EX-21

EX-23.1

EX-23.2

EX-31.1

EX-31.2

EX-31.3

EX 31.4

EX-32.1

EX-32.2

EX-32.3

EX-32.4

EX-101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT

EX-101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT

EX-101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

EX-101 LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT

EX-101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

EX-101 DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

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PART I

Item 1. Business

General

Equity Residential (“EQR”) is committed to creating communities where people thrive. The Company, a member of the S&P 500, is focused on the acquisition, development and management of residential properties located in and around dynamic cities that attract affluent long-term renters. ERP Operating Limited Partnership (“ERPOP”) is focused on conducting the multifamily property business of EQR. EQR is a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) formed in March 1993 and ERPOP is an Illinois limited partnership formed in May 1993. References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean collectively EQR, ERPOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by EQR and/or ERPOP. References to the “Operating Partnership” mean collectively ERPOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by ERPOP.

EQR is the general partner of, and as of December 31, 2022 owned an approximate 96.8% ownership interest in, ERPOP. All of the Company’s property ownership, development and related business operations are conducted through the Operating Partnership and EQR has no material assets or liabilities other than its investment in ERPOP. EQR issues equity from time to time, the net proceeds of which it is obligated to contribute to ERPOP, but does not have any indebtedness as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership holds substantially all of the assets of the Company, including the Company’s ownership interests in its joint ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity.

The Company’s corporate headquarters is located in Chicago, Illinois and the Company also operates regional property management offices in most of its markets.

Certain capitalized terms used herein are defined in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. See also Note 17 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion regarding the Company’s segment disclosures.

Available Information

You may access our Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K, our proxy statements and any amendments to any of those reports/statements we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) free of charge on our website, www.equityapartments.com. These reports/statements are made available on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we file them with or furnish them to the SEC. The information contained on our website, including any information referred to in this report as being available on our website, is not a part of or incorporated into this report.

Business Objectives and Operating and Investing Strategies

Overview

The Company is one of the largest U.S. publicly-traded owners and operators of high quality rental apartment properties, with an established presence in Boston, New York, Washington, D.C., Southern California (including Los Angeles, Orange County and San Diego), San Francisco and Seattle, and an expanding presence in Denver, Atlanta, Dallas/Ft. Worth and Austin. We believe our markets are knowledge centers of the U.S. economy that draw talented workers and employers that drive economic growth in the United States. We believe the locations of our properties in these markets are attractive to these knowledge workers (who often choose to rent for lifestyle reasons) that we hope to convert into satisfied long-term residents.

Equity Residential is committed to creating communities where people thrive. We carry this, our corporate purpose, through our relationships with our customers, our employees, our shareholders and the communities in which we operate. It drives our commitments to sustainability, diversity and inclusion, the total wellbeing of our employees and being a responsible corporate citizen in the communities in which we operate.

We believe we have created an industry‐leading operating platform and balance sheet to run our properties. Our employees are focused on delivering remarkable customer service to our residents so they will stay with us longer, be willing to pay higher rent for a great experience and will tell others about how much they love living in an Equity Residential property. We utilize technology and other innovative methods of engagement with our residents to foster relationships and community, improve the resident experience and operate our business more efficiently. We pair that with disciplined balance sheet management that enhances returns and value creation while maintaining flexibility to take advantage of future opportunities. We believe that our stakeholders value stability, liquidity, predictability and accountability and that is the mission to which we remain unwaveringly committed.

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Despite geopolitical and economic uncertainties, demand to live in our apartment communities remains robust and we believe that the long-term prospects for our business remain strong. Our business benefits from a shortage in housing across the country, especially in the areas in which we are investing. Our well-located communities provide an exceptional experience for our residents around dynamic cities that we believe will continue to attract affluent long-term renters.

Investment Strategy

The Company’s long-term strategy is to invest in apartment communities located in strategically targeted markets with the goal of maximizing our risk-adjusted total returns and balancing current cash flow generation with long-term capital appreciation. We seek to meet this goal by investing in markets that are characterized by conditions favorable to multifamily property operations over the long-term. Our multi-pronged investment strategy featuring acquisitions, new stand-alone and expansion developments, densifying developments and accretive renovations of existing properties is focused on optimizing our portfolio in terms of quality and location. The markets we focus on generally feature one or more of the following characteristics that allow us to drive performance:

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Large and diverse economic drivers. Our markets are some of the largest cities in the United States. They are markets that generally attract a variety of large and diverse industries and businesses. They include a number of submarkets that are attractive for long-term multifamily ownership.

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Strong high quality job growth. Our markets attract and create high quality jobs that are often focused in growing areas of the knowledge-based economy. These jobs result in the significant presence and growth in renters that work in the highest earning sectors of the economy, are not rent burdened and are attracted to our type of properties. This creates the ability to raise rents more readily in good economic times and reduces risk during downturns. Many of these workers are employed in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, or STEM jobs, as well as financial services, medical, legal and other higher-earning professions.

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Significant apartment demand that meets new apartment supply. We remain focused on owning and operating properties in markets or submarkets where the supply of apartments is balanced with strong demand that supports superior long-term returns.

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Other favorable performance drivers including high single-family housing prices that support longer term rentership and manageable resiliency/environmental risk.

We believe our strategy capitalizes on the preference of renters of all ages to live in the locations where we operate which typically are near transportation (both public transit and convenient highway access), entertainment, employment centers/universities and cultural and outdoor amenities. Furthermore, we believe that demand for rental housing will continue to be driven primarily through household formations from the younger segments of our population, particularly Generation Z, while retaining Millennials for longer and to a lesser extent capturing the aging Baby Boomer generation.

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Millennials are comprised of those individuals born between 1981 and 1996, total approximately 72 million people and continue to be a significant portion of the renter population. They also tend to remain renters longer due to the cost of single family home ownership and societal trends favoring delays in marriage and having children.

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Generation Z is comprised of the approximately 67 million people born between 1997 and 2012. This cohort is entering prime renter age and is expected to continue to be an important source of demand.

•

Baby Boomers, a demographic of more than 71 million people born between 1946 and 1964, also trend toward apartment rentals.

The Company continues to allocate capital in order to optimize performance by balancing current cash flow growth with long-term capital appreciation. We have done so by adding expansion markets to our portfolio when those markets meet many of the same characteristics listed above. Expansion into these markets of Denver, Atlanta, Dallas/Ft. Worth and Austin includes investments in both urban and suburban properties and is generally being funded by reducing exposure in selective established markets. Development also plays an important role in our capital allocation. Development activity is focused on our in-house pipeline, our strategic partnership with Toll Brothers, Inc. (“Toll”) and joint ventures with other third-party developers in both established and expansion markets. The Company remains committed to development as a driver of external growth but acknowledges its incremental risk, particularly in higher inflationary cost environments, when evaluating it as a method of expansion.

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Competition

All of the Company’s properties are located in developed areas with multiple housing choices, including other multifamily properties. The number of competitive housing choices or multifamily properties in a particular area could have a material effect on the Company’s ability to lease apartment units at its properties and on the rents charged. The Company may be competing with other housing providers that have greater resources than the Company and whose managers have more experience than the Company’s managers. In addition, other forms of rental properties and single-family housing provide housing alternatives to potential residents of multifamily properties. See Item 1A, Risk Factors, for additional information with respect to competition.

Operations and Innovation

We attempt to balance occupancy and rental rates to maximize our revenue while exercising tight cost control to generate the highest possible return to our shareholders. We focus on the resident experience and leveraging operating efficiency which we believe drives our success in renewing our residents. This focus has driven strong occupancy and a high percentage of residents renewing while achieving strong renewal rate growth.

Rapidly evolving technology continues to drive innovation in the rental industry. We have been and continue to be a leader in deploying and investing in property technology to serve our customers better and operate more efficiently. Having a history as a first mover in such important areas as online leasing, we are focused on technology that drives superior margins and improves customer experience. We use a standardized purchasing system to control our operating expenses and a business intelligence platform that allows all our team members to quickly identify and address issues and opportunities. Many of these initiatives allow us to interact with our customers in a safe, responsible and convenient manner, including self-guided tours, automated responses to customer inquiries and enhanced service and maintenance management. While we believe areas such as “smart home” technology and others will provide the foundation for current and future improvements to how we do business, we will continue to consider the cost and longevity of technology capital investments and their benefits.

Our Commitment to Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”)

At Equity Residential, we believe a focus on ESG is a key way to programmatically address stakeholder concerns as part of our corporate purpose. This needs to be a continuous endeavor, in which we invest in resilient properties that will stand the test of time and remain attractive to our customers and the community without negatively impacting the environment. We have a dedicated in-house team that initiates and applies sustainable practices in all aspects of our business, including investment activities, development, property operations and property management activities. Multifamily housing is one of the most environmentally-friendly uses of real estate, as each property provides homes for hundreds of families in a denser shared environment. We consider building locations based on walkability, accessibility, neighborhoods and parks. We also design our communities to support amenities such as fitness centers and we select locations near shops, restaurants, outdoor amenities such as bike/running paths and health clubs, enabling a low carbon footprint lifestyle for our residents to live, work and play.

Equity Residential’s sustainability program actively manages environmental impacts and climate-related risks and opportunities through optimized, financially responsible capital investments and technologies. We methodically focus on energy, water, waste and emissions to advance the program’s policies, targets and resilience outcomes. Together, we believe our program drives long-term asset value, responsibly manages risks and engages our communities, residents, employees and shareholders as part of our broader ESG strategy and commitment to good corporate citizenship and maximizing investment performance.

To further strengthen our commitments to ESG initiatives, we issued two sustainable fixed-income instruments (each a “green bond”) designed to support projects that contribute to environmental sustainability. In 2018, the Company became the first multifamily REIT ever to issue a green bond. In 2021, the Company issued a second green bond, and the net proceeds of approximately $494.2 million from this offering were fully allocated to the development of one property in Seattle certified as LEED Platinum, one property in Boston certified as LEED Gold and one property in Washington, D.C. certified as LEED Silver. In 2021, the Company began funding its $10.0 million investment in a new fund focused on early stage sustainability and climate change mitigation technology relevant to the built environment.

We are also intensely focused on the “Social” and “Governance” aspects of ESG. As detailed below, we have a commitment to our employees’ engagement, diversity and inclusion and wellness that is the foundation of our corporate purpose. We also recognize that a successful company must incorporate the best corporate governance practices in order to better serve its stakeholders.

Executive compensation includes an ESG goal and our Board of Trustees, primarily through its Compensation Committee, takes an active role in overseeing our efforts in this regard. For additional information regarding our ESG efforts, see our 2022 Environmental, Social and Governance Report at our website, www.equityapartments.com. This report, which includes Sustainability Accounting Standards Board disclosures and incorporates recommendations from the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures, was

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reviewed and approved by the Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Trustees, which monitors the Company’s ongoing ESG efforts. We continue to enhance our ESG disclosure efforts, including by obtaining third-party assurance covering certain of the results outlined in the above report. Furthermore, our annual proxy statements contain additional information on our ESG efforts, including detailed information regarding our corporate governance practices. Such annual proxy statements and the information contained therein are not part of nor incorporated into this report, except as otherwise provided herein.

Human Capital

At Equity Residential, our team of approximately 2,400 employees is the driving force behind our success. We believe that our richly diverse work environment captures top talent, cultivates the best ideas and creates the widest possible platform for this success in line with our corporate purpose of “Creating communities where people thrive”. Our core principles, affectionately named “Ten Ways to Be a Winner”, guide our behavior as individuals and collectively as a team, helping us in our goal to deliver market-leading performance. As part of our Ten Ways to Be a Winner, we encourage our team members to raise questions, take educated risks, offer new ideas and help us make the right decisions. One way we live the “Ten Ways” is by enriching our culture through our core “Equity Values," which include Diversity & Inclusion, Social Responsibility, Sustainability and Total Wellbeing. We have assembled a cross-functional employee-led Equity Values Council to lead our efforts on these values by acting as change agents to drive initiatives, create goals and awareness, and encourage colleagues to participate in community service activities and wellness initiatives.

Diversity and Inclusion

•

Our commitment to diversity and inclusion starts with a highly skilled and diverse Board of Trustees.

•

We are committed to hiring a diverse workforce and also fostering a safe, inclusive and productive workplace for all employees. We believe providing a work environment based on respect, trust and collaboration creates an exceptional employee experience where employees can bring their whole selves to work and thrive in their careers. In recent years, we have created dedicated Diversity and Inclusion staffing to oversee this crucial work.

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To further prioritize the importance of our diversity and inclusion efforts, our executives’ annual compensation goals include an evaluation of objective metrics measuring our Company’s progress in this regard.

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We have the benefit of a diverse workforce, of which 63.0% currently identify as ethnically diverse. We also continue to focus on improving our female representation, which is now 36.0% of our workforce.

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A diversity and inclusion lens is embedded in our talent review process. This includes the development of our Overcoming Bias in Performance Review Toolkit designed to provide practical bias interrupters and guidelines in the performance evaluation process that interrupt and correct unconscious bias.

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We strategically identify opportunities to increase the diversity of our talent pipeline at all levels, including by actively seeking to source a pool of diverse candidates for mid-management and above positions in the communities where we serve, such as from Project Destined, Fannie Mae’s Future Housing Leaders, Howard University, Roosevelt University and Evanston Scholars.

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We employ interns from universities across the nation and local colleges to provide pathways for students of various backgrounds interested in real estate.

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The Company was named the Gold Nareit 2021 Diversity, Equity and Inclusion award recipient in recognition of the Company’s demonstration of a strong commitment to the advancement of diversity and inclusion both within the Company and in the REIT and publicly traded real estate industry.

Pay Equity

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In order to develop, attract and retain the best employees, we are committed to providing a total compensation package which is market-based, performance driven, fair and internally equitable.

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Our goal is to be competitive both within the general employment market as well as with our competitors in the real estate industry, with our strongest performers being paid more.

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Base pay is reviewed annually, as is Equity Residential’s compensation framework, by partnering with managers to create and update job descriptions that reflect the duties, skills, experience and education required to perform the role, and then benchmarking the Company’s pay practices and budget as well as our jobs against third-party compensation surveys to determine the market value of the job.

•

During the year-end performance evaluation process, managers review and calibrate compensation for all employees on their team, in an effort to ensure equity around our pay practices and allow us to reward and motivate our top talent.

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Employee Engagement

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Employee engagement and experience are extremely important at Equity Residential. Our Employee Experience (EX) Survey measures employee engagement and diversity and inclusion, among other components of the employee experience.

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Our 2022 engagement score of 78% favorability is very strong, especially given changes in employee expectations in the wake of the pandemic. Our Diversity & Inclusion Index score of 85% demonstrated an increase in employee favorability for the initiatives taking place and a greater sense of belonging.

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Executive leaders are assessed annually on their leadership results for diversity and inclusion, engagement and manager completion of Ethics and Positive Workplace training, which for 2022 were measured by an employee experience survey and course completion rates.

Training and Development

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We believe a successful workplace is one where employees constantly learn and grow. Our HR Transformation Learning & Development (“L&D”) team is interspersed throughout our markets and works regularly with employees to expand their knowledge and skills. L&D develops and delivers a wide range of training and development opportunities, from tactical to strategic, face-to-face to virtual, social learning to self-directed learning, and more.

Health, Safety and Wellness

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Equity Residential is committed to providing the tools and resources to help our employees achieve total wellbeing. Thriving employees are the pinnacle of our efforts throughout all our business functions. When employees bring their whole self to work, perform their best and are well supported in their wellbeing, they can make powerful contributions to the business, culture and our communities. Whether physical, mental, financial, career, social or community wellbeing, Equity Residential offers benefits to help meet our employee needs.

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Physical Wellbeing: Equity Residential is focused on providing benefits that help our employees achieve balance and address good health proactively, with coverage for emergencies and ongoing needs that can arise as well. Long before healthcare reform, Equity Residential made a commitment to cover 100% of employee preventive care. This commitment—and our robust and highly popular wellness program—has made proactive personal healthcare more accessible and manageable for employees, while encouraging ongoing healthy behaviors and rewarding employees for taking a proactive approach to their health.

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Mental Wellbeing: We strive to make mental healthcare accessible. Our communications are designed to highlight awareness-building and our resources are centered around culturally competent care that scales toward employees’ needs. This includes educational resources for maintaining mental health, online mobile apps to address or discuss ways to improve, and partnerships with virtual care providers and support networks for those who need immediate and critical support. These resources are in addition to up to five free counseling sessions for all employees and their family members (per year per presenting matter) through our Employee Assistance Program.

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Financial Wellbeing: These benefits and resources help our employees manage their money better today, while preparing for financial milestones and retirement in the future. Financial peace of mind is at the core of these offerings, whether it’s our generous 401(k) match, basic and supplemental insurance to ensure our loved ones and possessions are cared for, rent discounts at our properties or additional savings and investment options like our employee share purchase plan.

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Career Wellbeing: When employees move up in skill and experience, so does Equity Residential. We encourage our employees to Test their Limits, push the boundaries of their comfort zones and seek new challenges through several learning resources and courses, in addition to tuition reimbursement. We actively promote from within, and many senior corporate and property leaders have risen from entry level or junior positions.

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Social and Community Wellbeing: We offer a number of benefits that foster social and community wellbeing, including paid time off to volunteer in our communities.

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Equity Residential continues to partner with Employees1st to provide financial relief via a crisis fund for employees struck by personal hardships or unforeseen disasters. The Company contributes funds to further support employees who experience unforeseen or catastrophic hardship. We are proud that this program allows yet another avenue for us to tangibly demonstrate our One Team culture by ensuring that employees feel safe and supported during extreme circumstances.

Regulatory Considerations

See Item 1A, Risk Factors, for information concerning the potential effects of governmental regulations, including environmental regulations, on our operations.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

General

This Item 1A includes forward-looking statements. You should refer to our discussion of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements included in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The occurrence of the events discussed in the following risk factors could adversely affect, possibly in a material manner, our business, financial condition or results of operations, which could affect the value of our common shares of beneficial interest or preferred shares of beneficial interest (which we refer to collectively as “Shares”), Preference Units, OP Units, restricted units and our public unsecured debt. In this section, we refer to the Shares, Preference Units, OP Units, restricted units and public unsecured debt together as our “securities” and the investors who own such securities as our “security holders.”

Risks Related to our Business Strategy

Investing in real estate is inherently subject to risks that could negatively impact our business.

Investing in real estate is subject to varying degrees and types of risk. While we seek to mitigate these risks through various strategies, including geographic diversification, market research and proactive asset management, among other techniques, these risks cannot be eliminated. Factors that may impact cash flows and real estate values include, but are not limited to:

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Local economic conditions, particularly oversupply or reductions in demand;

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National, regional and local political and regulatory climates, governmental fiscal health and governmental policies;

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The inability or unwillingness of residents to pay rent increases;

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Increases in our operating expenses due to inflationary or other pressures;

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Cost and availability of labor and materials required to maintain our properties at acceptable standards;

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Availability of attractive financing opportunities;

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Changes in social preferences; and

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Additional risks that are discussed below.

The geographic concentration of our properties could have an adverse effect on our operations.

While the Company continues to diversify its portfolio with the addition of the expansion markets, the Company’s properties are still predominantly concentrated in our established coastal markets (generally within certain dense urban and suburban submarkets). If one or more of these markets is unfavorably impacted by specific geopolitical and/or economic conditions, local real estate conditions, increases in social unrest, increases in real estate and other taxes, reduced quality of life, deterioration of local or state government health, rent control or stabilization laws or localized environmental and climate issues, the impact of such conditions may have a more negative impact on our results of operations than if our properties were more geographically diverse. Additionally, to the extent that these markets or submarkets become less desirable to operate in, including changes in multifamily housing supply and demand, our results of operations could be more negatively impacted than if we were more diversified within our markets or invested in a greater number of markets.

Competition for housing may negatively affect operations and demand for the Company’s properties or residents.

Our properties face competition for residents from other existing or new multifamily properties, condominiums, single family homes and other living arrangements, whether owned or rental, that may attract residents from our properties or prospective residents that would otherwise choose to live with us. As a result, we may not be able to renew existing resident leases or enter into new resident leases, or if we are able to renew or enter into new leases, they may be at rates or terms that are less favorable than our current rates or terms, resulting in a material impact on our results of operations.

Additionally, our properties face competition for residents as a result of technological innovation. Therefore, we may not be able to retain residents or attract new residents if we are unable to identify and cost effectively implement new, relevant technologies and keep up with constantly changing resident demand for the latest innovations.

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The short-term nature of apartment leases exposes us more quickly to the effects of declining market rents, potentially making our results of operations and cash flows more volatile.

Generally, our residential apartment leases are for twelve months or less. If the terms of the renewal or releasing are less favorable than current terms, then the Company’s results of operations and financial condition could be negatively affected. Given our generally shorter-term lease structure, our rental revenues are impacted by declines in market rents more quickly than if our leases were for longer terms. In addition, operating expenses associated with each property, such as real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, maintenance costs and employee wages and benefits, may not decline as quickly or at the same rate as revenues when circumstances might cause a reduction of those revenues at our properties.

Because real estate investments are illiquid, we may not be able to sell properties when appropriate.

Real estate investments often cannot be sold quickly due to regulatory constraints, market conditions or otherwise. As a result, we may not be able to reconfigure our portfolio, including the diversification of our portfolio into the expansion markets, as promptly as desired or as quickly in response to changing economic or other conditions. We may also be unable to consummate dispositions in a timely manner, on attractive terms, or at all. The capitalization rates/disposition yields at which properties may be sold could also be higher than historic rates, thereby reducing our potential proceeds from sale. In some cases, we may also determine that we will not recover the carrying amount of the property upon disposition, potentially causing an impairment charge. This inability to reallocate our capital promptly could negatively affect our financial condition, including our ability to make distributions to our security holders.

Competition for acquisitions may prevent us from acquiring properties on favorable terms.

We may not be successful in pursuing acquisition and development opportunities. We expect that other real estate investors will compete with us for attractive investment opportunities or may also develop properties in markets where we focus our development and acquisition efforts. We may not be in a position or have the opportunity in the future to make suitable property acquisitions on favorable terms.

Operations from new acquisitions, development projects and renovations may fail to perform as expected.

We intend to actively acquire, develop and renovate multifamily operating properties as part of our business strategy. Newly acquired, developed or renovated properties may not perform as we expect. We may overestimate the revenue (or underestimate the expenses) that these new or repositioned properties may generate. The occupancy and rental rates at these properties may also fail to meet our expectations for these investments. We may also underestimate the costs necessary to operate an acquired or developed property to the standards established for its intended market position. Land parcels acquired for development may lose significant value prior to the start of construction. Development and renovations are subject to even greater uncertainties and risks due to the complexities and lead time to build or complete these projects. We may also underestimate the costs to complete a development property or to complete a renovation.

Additionally, we have and may in the future acquire large portfolios of properties or companies that could increase our size and result in alterations to our capital structure. We may be unable to integrate the operations of newly acquired large portfolios or companies and realize the anticipated synergies and other benefits or do so within the anticipated time frame.

Construction risks on our development projects could affect our profitability.

We intend to continue to develop multifamily properties through both wholly owned and joint venture arrangements as part of our business strategy. Development often includes long planning and entitlement timelines, subjecting the projects to changes in market conditions. It can involve complex and costly activities, including significant environmental remediation or construction work in our markets. We may also experience an increase in costs due to general disruptions that affect the cost of labor and/or materials, such as supply chain disruptions, trade disputes, tariffs, labor unrest, geopolitical conflicts or other factors that create inflationary pressures. We may abandon opportunities that we have already begun to explore for a number of reasons, and as a result, we may fail to recover expenses already incurred in exploring those opportunities. We may also be unable to obtain, or experience delays in obtaining, necessary zoning, occupancy, or other required governmental or third-party permits and authorizations. These and other risks inherent in development projects, including the joint venture risks noted below, could result in increased costs or the delay or abandonment of opportunities.

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We are subject to risks involved in real estate activity through joint ventures.

We currently, and may continue to in the future, develop and acquire properties in joint ventures with unrelated third parties. Joint ventures create risks including the following:

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The possibility that our partners might refuse or be financially unable to make capital contributions when due or may fail to meet contractual obligations to cover development cost overruns and therefore we may be forced to make contributions to protect our investments;

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These projects generally use mortgage debt (including variable rate constructions loans) to finance their activities at a higher leverage level than how we finance the Company as a whole;

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We may be responsible to our partners for indemnifiable losses;

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Our partners might at any time have business, tax planning or economic goals that are inconsistent with ours; and

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Our partners may be in a position to take action or withhold consent contrary to our recommendations, instructions or requests.

At times we have entered into agreements providing for joint and several liability with our partners. We also have in the past and could choose in the future to guarantee part of or all of certain joint venture debt. We and our respective joint venture partners may each have the right to trigger a buy-sell arrangement that could cause us to sell our interest, or acquire our partner's interest, at a time or price that is unfavorable to us. Each joint venture agreement is individually negotiated and our ability to operate, finance or dispose of properties and interests in such joint ventures in our sole discretion may be limited to varying degrees depending on the terms of the applicable joint venture agreement. To the extent we have commitments to, on behalf of or are dependent on any such off-balance sheet commitments, or if those commitments or their properties or leases are subject to material contingencies, our liquidity and financial condition could be adversely affected.

In some instances, our joint venture partners may also have competing interests or objectives that could create conflicts of interest similar to those noted above. These objectives may be contrary to our compliance with the REIT requirements, and our REIT status could be jeopardized if any of our joint ventures do not operate in compliance with those requirements. To the extent our partners do not meet their obligations to us or our joint ventures, or they take actions inconsistent with the interests of the joint venture, it could have a negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition, including distributions to our security holders.

The Company’s real estate assets may be subject to impairment charges.

A decline in the fair value of our assets may require us to recognize an impairment against our assets under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) if we were to determine that, with respect to any assets in unrealized loss positions, we do not have the ability and intent to hold such assets for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery of the depreciated cost of such assets. If such a determination were to be made, we would recognize unrealized losses through earnings and write-down the depreciated cost of such assets to a new cost basis, based on the fair value of such assets on the date they are considered to be impaired. Such impairment charges reflect non-cash losses at the time of recognition; subsequent disposition or sale of such assets could further affect our future losses or gains, as they are based on the difference between the sale price received and adjusted amortized cost of such assets at the time of sale. If we are required to recognize material asset impairment charges, these charges could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Corporate social responsibility, specifically related to ESG, may impose additional costs and expose us to new risks.

Environmental sustainability, social and governance evaluations remain highly important to some investors and other stakeholders. Certain organizations that provide corporate governance and other corporate risk advisory services to investors have developed scores and ratings to evaluate companies and investment funds based upon ESG metrics. Many investors focus on positive ESG-related business practices and scores when choosing to allocate their capital and may consider a company's score as a reputational or other factor in making an investment decision. Government regulators' and investors' increased focus and activism related to ESG and similar matters may constrain our business operations or increase expenses or capital expenditures. In addition, investors may decide to refrain from investing in us as a result of their assessment of our approach to and consideration of ESG factors. We may face reputational damage in the event our corporate responsibility procedures or standards do not meet the standards set by various constituencies. In addition, the criteria by which companies are rated for ESG efforts may change, which could cause us to receive lower scores than in previous years. A low ESG score could result in a negative perception of the Company, exclusion of our securities from consideration by certain investors who may elect to invest with our competition instead and/or cause investors to reallocate their capital away from the Company, all of which could have an adverse impact on the price of our securities.

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Our various technology-related initiatives to improve our operating margins and customer experience may fail to perform as expected.

We have developed and may continue to develop initiatives that are intended to serve our customers better and operate more efficiently, including “smart home” technology and self-service options that are accessible to residents through smart devices or otherwise. Such initiatives have involved and may involve our employees having new or different responsibilities and processes. We may incur significant costs and divert resources in connection with such initiatives, and these initiatives may not perform as expected, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Risks Related to our Financing Strategy and Capital Structure

Disruptions in the financial markets could hinder our ability to obtain debt and equity financing and impact our acquisitions and dispositions.

Dislocations and disruptions in capital markets could result in increased costs or lack of availability of debt financing (including under our commercial paper program) and equity financing. Such events may affect our ability to refinance existing debt, require us to utilize higher cost alternatives and/or impair our ability to adjust to changing economic and business conditions. Capital market disruptions have and could continue to negatively impact our ability to make acquisitions or make it more difficult or not possible for us to sell properties or may unfavorably affect the price we receive for properties that we do sell. Such disruptions could cause the price of our securities to decline.

Changes in market conditions and volatility of share prices could decrease the market price of our Common Shares.

The stock markets, including the New York Stock Exchange on which we list our Common Shares, have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations over time, including in recent years. As a result, the market price of our Common Shares has been and could continue to be similarly volatile. Investors in our Common Shares consequently may experience a decrease in the value of their shares, including decreases due to this volatility and not necessarily related to our operating performance or prospects. Additionally, the market price of our Common Shares may decline or fluctuate significantly in response to the sale of substantial amounts of our Common Shares, or the anticipation of the sale of such shares, by large holders of our securities, as well as our inclusion or exclusion from stock indices. The issuance of additional Common Shares by the Company, or the perception that such issuances might occur, could also cause significant volatility and decreases in the value of our shares.

Our financial counterparties may not perform their obligations.

Disruptions in financial and credit markets or other events could impair the ability of our counterparties to perform under their contractual obligations to us. There are multiple financial institutions that are individually committed to provide borrowings under our revolving credit facility and to pay us amounts due under various interest rate derivative agreements. Should any of these institutions fail to perform their obligations when contractually required, our financial condition could be adversely affected.

Rising interest rates can increase costs and impact the value of the Company’s assets.

The Company is exposed to market risk from financial instruments primarily from changes in market interest rates. Such risks derive from the refinancing of debt at or prior to maturity, from exposure to interest rate fluctuations on floating rate debt and from derivative instruments utilized to swap fixed rate debt to floating rates or to hedge rates in anticipation of future debt issuances. Rising interest rates increased and may continue to increase our interest expense and the costs of refinancing existing debt. Higher interest rates also increased and could continue to increase capitalization rates, which may lead to reduced valuations of the Company’s assets.

Insufficient cash flow could affect our ability to service existing debt and create refinancing risk.

We are subject to risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow will be insufficient to meet required payments. We may not be able to refinance existing debt and if we can, the terms of such refinancing may be less favorable than the terms of existing indebtedness. Our inability to refinance, extend or repay debt with proceeds from other capital market transactions would negatively impact our financial condition. If the debt is secured, the mortgage holder may also foreclose on the property.

A significant downgrade in our credit ratings could adversely affect our performance.

A significant downgrade in our credit ratings, while not affecting our ability to draw proceeds under the Company’s revolving credit facility, would cause the corresponding borrowing costs to increase, impact our ability to borrow secured and unsecured debt, and

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potentially impair our ability to access the commercial paper market or otherwise limit our access to capital. In addition, a downgrade below investment grade would likely cause us to lose access to the commercial paper markets and would require us to post cash collateral and/or letters of credit in favor of some of our secured lenders to cover our self-insured property and liability insurance deductibles or to obtain lower deductible insurance compliant with the lenders’ requirements at the lower ratings level.

Financial covenants could limit operational flexibility and affect our overall financial position.

The terms of our credit agreements, including our revolving credit facility and the indentures under which a substantial portion of our unsecured debt was issued, require us to comply with a number of financial covenants. These covenants may limit our flexibility to run our business and breaches of these covenants could result in defaults under the instruments governing the applicable indebtedness and trigger a cross default of other debt.

Some of our properties are financed with tax-exempt bonds or otherwise contain restrictive covenants or deed restrictions, including affordability requirements, which limit income from certain properties. The Company monitors compliance with the restrictive covenants and deed restrictions that affect these properties. While we generally believe that the interest rate benefit from financing properties with tax-exempt bonds more than outweighs any loss of income due to restrictive covenants or deed restrictions, this may not always be the case. Some of these requirements are complex, and our failure to comply with them may subject us to material fines or liabilities.

We may change the dividend policy for our securities in the future.

The decision to declare and pay dividends on our securities, as well as the timing, amount and composition of any such future dividends, is at the discretion of the Board of Trustees and will depend on actual and projected financial conditions, the Company’s actual and projected liquidity and operating results, the Company’s projected cash needs for capital expenditures and other investment activities and such other factors as the Company’s Board of Trustees deems relevant. The Board of Trustees may modify our dividend policy from time to time and any change in our dividend policy could negatively impact the market price of our securities.

Issuances or sales of our Common Shares or Units may be dilutive.

Any additional issuance of Common Shares (including those issued under our At-The-Market ("ATM") program) or Units would reduce the percentage of our Common Shares and Units owned by existing investors. In most circumstances, shareholders and unitholders will not be entitled to vote on whether or not we issue additional Common Shares or Units. In addition, depending on the terms and pricing of additional offerings of our Common Shares or Units along with the value of our properties, our shareholders and unitholders could experience dilution in both the book value and fair value of their Common Shares or Units, as well as dilution in our actual and expected earnings per share, funds from operations (“FFO”) per share and Normalized FFO per share.

Regulatory and Tax Risks

The adoption of, or changes in, rent control or rent stabilization regulations and eviction restrictions could have an adverse effect on our operations and property values.

In part due to increasing pressure from advocacy groups, a growing number of state and local governments have enacted and may continue to consider enacting and/or expanding rent control, rent stabilization, eviction moratoriums or other similar regulations. In addition, the federal government has recently considered imposing rent regulations on multifamily properties secured by government-sponsored debt. These regulations limit or could continue to limit our ability to raise rents or charge certain fees (either of which could have a retroactive effect), enforce residents’ or tenants’ contractual rent obligations or pursue collections, all of which could have an adverse impact on our operations and property values.

Compliance or failure to comply with regulatory requirements could result in substantial costs.

Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements, building and zoning codes, environmental and other ESG regulations, and federal, state and local accessibility requirements, including and in addition to those imposed by the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Fair Housing Act. Noncompliance could result in fines, subject us to lawsuits and require us to remediate or repair the noncompliance. Existing requirements could change and compliance with future requirements may require significant unanticipated expenditures that could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

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Environmental problems are possible and can be costly.

Federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment may require current or previous owners or operators of real estate to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances at such properties. The owner or operator may have to pay a governmental entity or third parties for property damage and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by such parties in connection with the contamination. These laws typically impose clean-up responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of or caused the presence of the contaminants. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each person covered by the environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. Third parties may also sue the owner or operator of a site for damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from that site. We cannot be assured that existing environmental assessments of our properties reveal all environmental liabilities, that any prior owner of any of our properties did not create a material environmental condition not known to us, or that a material environmental condition does not otherwise exist as to any of our properties.

Changes in U.S. accounting standards may materially and adversely affect the reporting of our operations.

The Company follows GAAP, which is established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), an independent body whose standards are recognized by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as authoritative for publicly held companies. The FASB and the SEC create and interpret accounting standards and may issue new accounting pronouncements or change the interpretation and application of these standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes could have a material impact on our reported consolidated results of operations and financial position.

Any weaknesses identified in our internal control over financial reporting could result in a decrease of our share price.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires us to evaluate and report on our internal control over financial reporting. If we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which in turn could have a negative impact on our share price.

Our failure to qualify as a REIT would have serious adverse consequences to our security holders.

We plan to continue to meet the requirements for taxation as a REIT. Many of these requirements, for which there is limited judicial and administrative interpretation, however, are highly technical and complex. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that we have qualified or will qualify as a REIT in the future. The determination that we are a REIT requires an analysis of various factual matters that may not be totally within our control. To qualify as a REIT, our assets must be substantially comprised of real estate assets as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and related guidance and our gross income must generally come from rental and other real estate or passive related sources that are itemized in the REIT tax laws. We are also required to distribute to security holders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income excluding net capital gains.

If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates and would have to pay significant income taxes unless the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) granted us relief under certain statutory provisions. In addition, we would remain disqualified from taxation as a REIT for four years following the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT. We would therefore have less money available for investments or for distributions to security holders and would no longer be required to make distributions to security holders. This would likely have a significant negative impact on the value of our securities.

In addition, certain of our subsidiary entities have elected to be taxed as REITs. As such, each must separately satisfy all of the requirements to qualify for REIT status. If a subsidiary REIT did not satisfy such requirements, and certain relief provisions did not apply, it would be taxed as a regular corporation and its income would be subject to U.S. federal income taxation. Failure to comply with these complex REIT rules at the subsidiary REIT level can have a material and detrimental impact to EQR’s REIT status.

Gain on disposition of assets held for sale in the ordinary course of business is subject to 100% tax.

Any gain resulting from transfers of properties we hold as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business is treated as income from a prohibited transaction subject to a 100% penalty tax unless certain safe harbor exceptions set forth in the Code apply. We do not believe that our transfers or disposals of property are prohibited transactions. However, whether property is held for investment purposes is a question that depends on all the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. The IRS may contend that certain transfers or dispositions of properties by us or contributions of properties are prohibited transactions. While we believe the IRS would not prevail in any such dispute, if the IRS were to argue successfully that a transfer or disposition of property constituted a prohibited transaction, we would be required to pay a 100% penalty tax on any gain allocable to us from the prohibited transaction. In addition, income from a prohibited transaction might adversely affect our ability to satisfy the income tests for qualification as a REIT.

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We may be subject to legislative or regulatory tax changes that could negatively impact our financial condition.

At any time, U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs or impacting real estate or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be enacted or amended. We cannot predict if or when any new U.S. federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing U.S. federal income tax law, IRS and U.S. Department of Treasury regulations or other administrative guidance, will be adopted or become effective and any such law, regulation or interpretation may take effect retroactively. The Company and our shareholders could be negatively impacted by any such change in, or any new, U.S. federal income tax law, regulations or administrative guidance.

Distribution requirements may limit our flexibility to manage our portfolio.

In order to maintain qualification as a REIT under the Code, a REIT must annually distribute to its shareholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, excluding the dividends paid deduction and net capital gains. To the extent the REIT does not distribute all of its net capital gain, or distributes at least 90%, but less than 100% of its REIT taxable income, it will be required to pay regular U.S. federal income tax on the undistributed amount at corporate rates. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on amounts, if any, by which distributions we pay in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our net capital gains and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. We may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the 90% distribution requirement. We may be required from time to time, under certain circumstances, to accrue as income for tax purposes interest and rent earned but not yet received. We may incur a reduction in tax depreciation without a reduction in capital expenditures. Difficulties in meeting the 90% distribution requirement might arise due to competing demands for our funds or due to timing differences between tax reporting and cash distributions, because deductions may be disallowed, income may be reported before cash is received, expenses may have to be paid before a deduction is allowed or because the IRS may make a determination that adjusts reported income. In addition, gain from the sale of property may exceed the amount of cash received on a leverage-neutral basis. A substantial increase to our taxable income may reduce the flexibility of the Company to manage its portfolio through dispositions of properties other than through tax deferred transactions, such as Section 1031 exchanges, or cause the Company to borrow funds or liquidate investments on unfavorable terms in order to meet these distribution requirements. If we do not dispose of our properties through tax deferred transactions, we may be required to distribute the gain proceeds to shareholders or pay income tax. If we fail to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and are unable to cure the deficiency, we would cease to be taxed as a REIT, resulting in substantial tax-related liabilities.

We have a share ownership limit for REIT tax purposes.

To remain qualified as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding Shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals at any time during the last half of any year. To facilitate maintenance of our REIT qualification, our Declaration of Trust, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits ownership by any single shareholder of more than five percent of the lesser of the number or value of any outstanding class of common or preferred shares (the “Ownership Limit”). Absent an exemption or waiver granted by our Board of Trustees, securities acquired or held in violation of the Ownership Limit will be transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of a designated charitable beneficiary, and the security holder’s rights to distributions and to vote would terminate. A transfer of Shares may automatically be deemed void if it causes a person to violate the Ownership Limit. The Ownership Limit could delay or prevent a change in control and, therefore, could affect our security holders’ ability to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price for their Shares. To reduce the ability of the Board to use the Ownership Limit as an anti-takeover device, the Company’s Ownership Limit requires, rather than permits, the Board to grant a waiver of the Ownership Limit if the individual seeking a waiver demonstrates that such ownership would not jeopardize the Company’s status as a REIT.

Tax elections regarding distributions may impact future liquidity of the Company or our shareholders.

Under certain circumstances we have made and/or may consider making in the future, a tax election to treat certain distributions to shareholders made after the close of a taxable year as having been distributed during such closed taxable year. This election, which is provided for in the Code, may allow us to avoid increasing our dividends or paying additional income taxes in the current year. However, this could result in a constraint on our ability to decrease our dividends in future years without creating risk of either violating the REIT distribution requirements or generating additional income tax liability. In addition, the Company may be required to pay interest to the IRS based on such a distribution.

In order to retain liquidity and continue to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements, the Company could issue shares rather than pay a dividend entirely in cash to shareholders. The IRS has published several rulings which have allowed REITs to offer shareholders the choice between shares or cash as a form of payment of a dividend (an “elective stock dividend”). However, REITs are generally required to structure the cash component to be no less than 20% of the total dividend paid. Therefore, it is possible that the total tax burden to shareholders resulting from an elective stock dividend may exceed the amount of cash received by the shareholder.

Inapplicability of Maryland law limiting certain changes in control.

Certain provisions of Maryland law applicable to REITs prohibit “business combinations” (including certain issuances of equity securities) with any person who beneficially owns ten percent or more of the voting power of outstanding securities, or with an affiliate

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who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of ten percent or more of the voting power of the Company’s outstanding voting securities (an “Interested Shareholder”), or with an affiliate of an Interested Shareholder. These prohibitions last for five years after the most recent date on which the Interested Shareholder became an Interested Shareholder. After the five-year period, a business combination with an Interested Shareholder must be approved by two super-majority shareholder votes unless, among other conditions, holders of common shares receive a minimum price for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the Interested Shareholder for its common shares. As permitted by Maryland law, however, the Board of Trustees of the Company has opted out of these restrictions with respect to any business combination involving Samuel Zell and certain of his affiliates and persons acting in concert with them. Consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to a business combination involving us and/or any of them. Such business combinations may not be in the best interest of our security holders.

General Risk Factors

Risk of Pandemics or Other Health Crises.

Pandemics, epidemics or other health crises, including the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”), have and could in the future disrupt our business. Both global and locally targeted health events could materially affect areas where our properties, corporate/regional offices or major service providers are located. These events have and could in the future have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity in a number of ways, including, but not limited to:

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The deterioration of global economic conditions as a result of such a crisis could ultimately decrease occupancy levels and pricing across our portfolio and/or increase concessions, reduce or defer our residents’ spending, result in changes in resident preferences (including changes resulting from increased employer flexibility to work from home) or negatively impact our residents’ and tenants’ ability to pay their rent on time or at all;

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Local and national authorities expanding or extending certain measures that impose restrictions on our ability to enforce residents’ or tenants’ contractual rental obligations (such as eviction moratoriums or rental forgiveness) and limit our ability to raise rents or charge certain fees;

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The risk of a prolonged outbreak and/or multiple waves of an outbreak could cause long-term damage to economic conditions, which in turn could diminish our access to capital at attractive terms and/or cause material declines in the fair value of our assets, leading to asset impairment charges; and

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The potential inability to maintain adequate staffing at our properties and corporate/regional offices due to an outbreak and/or changes in employee preferences causing them to leave their jobs.

To the extent a pandemic, epidemic or other health crisis adversely affects our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, it may also continue to heighten many of the other risks described elsewhere in this Item 1A, Risk Factors.

Significant inflation could negatively impact our business.

Substantial inflationary pressures can adversely affect us by increasing the costs of land, materials, labor and other costs needed to operate our business. In a highly inflationary environment, we may not be able to raise rental rates at or above the rate of inflation, which could reduce our profit margins. If we are unable to increase our rental prices to offset the effects of inflation, our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition could be adversely affected. In addition, interest rate increases enacted to combat inflation have caused market disruption and could continue to prevent us from acquiring or disposing of assets on favorable terms.

The occurrence of cyber incidents, or a deficiency in our cybersecurity, could negatively impact our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our reputation and business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our financial results.

A cyber incident is an intentional attack or an unintentional event that can include gaining unauthorized access to systems to disrupt payment collections and operations, corrupt data or steal confidential information, including information regarding our residents, prospective residents, employees and employees’ dependents.

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Despite system redundancy, the implementation of security measures, required employee awareness training and the existence of a disaster recovery plan for our internal information technology systems, our systems and systems maintained by third-party vendors with which we do business are vulnerable to damage from any number of sources. We face risks associated with security breaches, whether through cyber attacks or cyber intrusions over the Internet, malware, computer viruses, attachments to emails, phishing attempts, ransomware or other scams, persons inside our organization or persons/vendors with access to our systems and other significant disruptions of our information technology networks and related systems, including property infrastructure. These risks have increased due to increased reliance on remote working and other electronic interactions with our current and prospective residents. Our information technology networks and related systems are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations. Even the most well-protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed not to be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.

We may periodically collect and store personally identifiable information of our residents and prospective residents in connection with our leasing activities, and we may collect and store personally identifiable information of our employees and their dependents. In addition, we often engage third-party service providers that may have access to such personally identifiable information in connection with providing necessary information technology, security and other business services to us. The systems of these third-party service providers may contain defects in design or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise personally identifiable information. Although we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our information technology networks and those of our third-party providers and we have implemented various measures to manage the risk of a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging.

We address potential breaches or disclosure of this confidential personally identifiable information by implementing a variety of security measures intended to protect the confidentiality and security of this information including (among others): (a) engaging reputable, recognized firms to help us design and maintain our information technology and data security systems; (b) conducting periodic testing and verification of information and data security systems, including performing ethical hacks of our systems to discover where any vulnerabilities may exist; (c) providing periodic employee awareness training around phishing and other scams, malware and other cyber risks; (d) implementing a corrective cybersecurity awareness policy that impacts an employee’s performance and compensation to articulate the potential implications of failed phishing tests; and (e) systematically deleting personally identifiable information that no longer is required. The Company also has a cyber liability insurance policy to provide some coverage for certain risks arising out of data and network breaches and data privacy regulations which provides a policy aggregate limit and a per occurrence deductible. Cyber liability insurance generally covers, among other things, costs associated with the wrongful release, through inadvertent breach or network attack, of personally identifiable information. However, there can be no assurance that these measures will prevent a cyber incident or that our cyber liability insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover our losses in the event of a cyber incident.

A breach or significant and extended disruption in the function of our systems, including our primary website, could damage our reputation and cause us to lose residents and revenues, result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws, generate third-party claims, result in the unintended and/or unauthorized public disclosure or the misappropriation of proprietary, personally identifiable and confidential information and require us to incur significant expenses to address and remediate or otherwise resolve these kinds of issues. We may not be able to recover these expenses in whole or in any part from our service providers, our insurers or any other responsible parties. As a result, there can be no assurance that our financial results would not be negatively impacted.

We are also subject to laws, rules, and regulations in the United States, such as the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), relating to the collection, use, and security of resident, customer, employee and other data. Evolving compliance and operational requirements under the CCPA and the privacy laws of other jurisdictions in which we operate may impose significant costs that are likely to increase over time. Our failure to comply with laws, rules, and regulations related to privacy and data protection could harm our business or reputation or subject us to fines and penalties.

Our business and operations rely on specialized information technology systems, the failure of or inadequacy of which could impact our business.

Our ability to identify, implement and maintain appropriate information technology systems differentiates and creates competitive advantages for us in the operations of our business. These systems often are developed and hosted by third-party vendors whom we rely upon for ongoing maintenance, upgrades and enhancements. While we maintain a rigorous process around selecting appropriate information technology systems and partnering with vendors, our failure to adequately do so could negatively impact our operations and competitive position.

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We depend on our key personnel.

We depend on the efforts of our trustees and executive officers. If one or more of them resign or otherwise cease to be employed by us, our business and results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Litigation risk could affect our business.

We are involved and may continue to be involved in legal proceedings, claims, class actions, inquiries and investigations in the ordinary course of business. These legal proceedings may include, but are not limited to, proceedings related to consumer, shareholder, securities, antitrust, employment, environmental, development, condominium conversion, tort, eviction and commercial legal issues. Litigation can be lengthy and expensive, and it can divert management's attention and resources. Results cannot be predicted with certainty, and an unfavorable outcome in litigation could result in liability material to our financial condition or results of operations.

Insurance policies can be costly and may not cover all losses, which may adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

The Company’s property, general liability and workers compensation insurance policies provide coverage with substantial per occurrence deductibles and/or self-insured retentions. These self-insurance retentions can be a material portion of insurance losses in excess of the base deductibles. While the Company has previously purchased incremental insurance coverage in the event of multiple non-catastrophic occurrences within the same policy year, these substantial deductible and self-insured retention amounts do expose the Company to greater potential for uninsured losses and this additional multiple occurrences coverage may not be available at all or on commercially reasonable terms in the future. We believe the policy specifications and insured limits of these policies are adequate and appropriate; however, there are certain types of extraordinary losses which may not be adequately covered under our insurance program. As a result, our financial results could be adversely affected and may vary significantly from period to period.

The Company relies on third-party insurance providers for its property, general liability, workers compensation and other insurance, and should any of them experience liquidity issues or other financial distress, it could negatively impact their ability to pay claims under the Company’s policies.

Earthquake risk: Our policies insuring against earthquake losses have substantial deductibles which are applied to the values of the buildings involved in the loss. With the geographic concentration of our properties, a single earthquake affecting a market may have a significant negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations. We cannot assure that an earthquake would not cause damage or losses greater than insured levels. In the event of a loss in excess of insured limits, we could lose our capital invested in the affected property or market, as well as anticipated future revenue.

Terrorism risk: The Company has terrorism insurance coverage which excludes losses from nuclear, biological and chemical attacks. In the event of a terrorist attack impacting one or more of our properties, we could lose the revenues from the property, our capital investment in the property and possibly face liability claims from residents or others suffering injuries or losses.

Catastrophic weather and natural disaster risk: Our properties may be located in areas that could experience catastrophic weather and other natural disasters from time to time, including wildfires, snow or ice storms, hail, windstorms or hurricanes, drought, flooding or other severe disasters. These severe weather and natural disasters could cause substantial damages or losses to our properties which may not be covered or could exceed our insurance coverage. Exposure to this risk could also result in a decrease in demand for properties located in these areas or affected by these conditions.

Climate change risk: To the extent that significant changes in the climate occur in areas where our properties are located, we may experience severe weather, which may result in physical damage to or decrease the demand for properties located in these areas or affected by these conditions. Should the impact of climate change be material in nature, significant property damage or destruction of our properties could result. In addition, climate change could cause a significant increase in insurance premiums and deductibles or a decrease in the availability of coverage, either of which could expose the Company to even greater uninsured losses. Our financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected. In addition, changes in federal, state and local legislation and regulation based on concerns about climate change could adversely impact the value of our properties or result in increased capital expenditures or operating expenses on our existing properties and our new development properties.

Provisions of our Declaration of Trust and Bylaws could inhibit changes in control.

Certain provisions of our Declaration of Trust and Bylaws may delay or prevent a change in control of the Company or other transactions that could provide the security holders with a premium over the then-prevailing market price of their securities or which might otherwise be in the best interest of our security holders. This includes the Ownership Limit described above. While our existing preferred shares/preference units do not have all of these provisions, any future series of preferred shares/preference units may have certain voting provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control or other transactions that might otherwise be in the interest of

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our security holders. Our Bylaws require certain information to be provided by any security holder, or persons acting in concert with such security holder, who proposes business or a nominee at an annual meeting of shareholders, including disclosure of information related to hedging activities and investment strategies with respect to our securities. These requirements could delay or prevent a change in control or other transactions that might otherwise be in the interest of our security holders. The Board of Trustees may use its powers to issue preferred shares and to set the terms of such securities to delay or prevent a change in control of the Company even if a change in control were in the interest of the security holders.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

As of December 31, 2022, the Company, directly or indirectly through investments in title holding entities, owned all or a portion of 308 properties located in 10 states and the District of Columbia consisting of 79,597 apartment units. See Item 1, Business, for additional information regarding the Company’s properties and the markets/metro areas upon which we are focused. The Company’s properties are summarized by building type in the following table:


Type	Properties		Apartment Units		Average Apartment Units
Garden		96		24,449		255
Mid/High-Rise		212		55,148		260
		308		79,597		258

Garden is generally defined as properties with two and/or three story buildings while mid/high-rise is generally defined as properties with greater than three story buildings. These two property types typically provide residents with amenities, such as rooftop decks and swimming pools, fitness centers and community rooms. In addition, many of our urban properties have non-residential components, such as parking garages and/or retail spaces.

The Company’s properties are summarized by ownership type in the following table:


	Properties		Apartment Units
Wholly Owned Properties		293		76,483
Partially Owned Properties – Consolidated		15		3,114
		308		79,597

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The following table sets forth certain information by market relating to the Company’s properties at December 31, 2022:


Portfolio Summary
Markets/Metro Areas	Properties		Apartment Units		% of Stabilized Budgeted NOI (1)			Average Rental Rate (2)
Established Markets:
Los Angeles		66		15,259		18.2	%	$	2,773
Orange County		13		4,028		5.2	%		2,685
San Diego		12		2,878		4.0	%		2,894
Subtotal – Southern California		91		22,165		27.4	%		2,772

San Francisco		44		11,790		15.9	%		3,229
Washington, D.C.		47		14,716		15.3	%		2,531
New York		34		8,536		14.0	%		4,378
Boston		27		7,170		11.5	%		3,373
Seattle		46		9,525		11.0	%		2,575
Subtotal – Established Markets		289		73,902		95.1	%		3,016

Expansion Markets:
Denver		8		2,498		2.7	%		2,372
Atlanta		4		1,215		1.1	%		2,120
Dallas/Ft. Worth		4		1,241		0.7	%		1,904
Austin		3		741		0.4	%		1,853
Subtotal – Expansion Markets		19		5,695		4.9	%		2,153
Total		308		79,597		100.0	%	$	2,956

Note: Projects under development are not included in the Portfolio Summary until construction has been completed.

(1)

% of Stabilized Budgeted NOI - Represents original budgeted 2023 NOI for stabilized properties and projected annual NOI at stabilization (defined as having achieved 90% occupancy for three consecutive months) for properties that are in lease-up.

(2)

Average Rental Rate - Total residential rental revenues reflected on a straight-line basis in accordance with GAAP divided by the weighted average occupied apartment units for the reporting period presented.

The following tables provide a rollforward of the apartment units included in Same Store Properties (please refer to the Definitions section in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) and a reconciliation of apartment units included in Same Store Properties to those included in Total Properties for the year ended December 31, 2022:


	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Properties			Apartment Units
Same Store Properties at December 31, 2021		284			74,077
2019 acquisitions (not stabilized until 2020)		1			217
2020 acquisitions		1			158
2022 dispositions		(3	)		(945	)
Lease-up properties stabilized		2			221
Properties removed from same store (1)		(2	)		(819	)
Other		—			(37	)
Same Store Properties at December 31, 2022		283			72,872


	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Properties		Apartment Units
Same Store		283		72,872
Non-Same Store:
2022 acquisitions		1		172
2021 acquisitions		17		4,747
Properties removed from same store (1)		2		819
Lease-up properties not yet stabilized (2)		4		986
Other		1		1
Total Non-Same Store		25		6,725
Total Properties and Apartment Units		308		79,597

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Note: Properties are considered “stabilized” when they have achieved 90% occupancy for three consecutive months. Properties are included in same store when they are stabilized for all of the current and comparable periods presented.

(1)

Consists of two properties which were removed from the same store portfolio as discussed further below:

Laguna Clara located in Santa Clara, CA containing 222 apartment units was removed from the same store portfolio in the second quarter of 2022 due to a major renovation and redevelopment project, including the demolition of 42 apartment units. As of December 31, 2022, the property had an occupancy of 65.2%. This property will not return to the same store portfolio until it is stabilized for all of the current and comparable periods presented.

Pearl MDR located in Marina Del Rey, CA containing 597 apartment units was removed from the same store portfolio in the third quarter of 2022 due to a large scale repiping and renovation project in which significant portions of the property are being taken offline for extended time periods. As of December 31, 2022, the property had an occupancy of 79.6%. This property will not return to the same store portfolio until it is stabilized for all of the current and comparable periods presented.

(2)

Consists of properties in various stages of lease-up and properties where lease-up has been completed but the properties were not stabilized for the comparable periods presented. Also includes one former third-party master-leased property that was not stabilized.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s same store occupancy was 95.7% and its total portfolio-wide occupancy, which includes completed development properties in various stages of lease-up, was 95.6%. Certain of the Company’s properties are encumbered by mortgages and additional detail can be found on Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation.

The properties in various stages of development and lease-up at December 31, 2022 are included in the following table:


Development and Lease-Up Projects as of December 31, 2022
(Amounts in thousands except for project and apartment unit amounts)

												Estimated/Actual
Projects	Location	Ownership Percentage	No. of Apartment Units		Total Budgeted Capital Cost (1)		Total Book Value to Date		Total Debt (2)		Percentage Completed	Start Date	Initial Occupancy	Completion Date	Stabilization Date	Percentage Leased / Occupied
CONSOLIDATED:
Projects Under Development:
Reverb (fka 9th and W) (3)	Washington, D.C.	92%		312	$	108,027	$	88,378	$	43,714	88%	Q3 2021	Q1 2023	Q3 2023	Q3 2024	– / –
Laguna Clara II	Santa Clara, CA	100%		225		152,621		24,562		—	14%	Q2 2022	Q4 2024	Q1 2025	Q4 2025	– / –
Projects Under Development - Consolidated				537		260,648		112,940		43,714
Projects Completed Not Stabilized:
Aero Apartments	Alameda, CA	90%		200		117,794		113,610		64,664	100%	Q3 2019	Q2 2021	Q2 2021	Q1 2023	97% / 95%
Projects Completed Not Stabilized - Consolidated				200		117,794		113,610		64,664
Projects Completed and Stabilized During the Quarter:
Alcott Apartments (fka West End Tower)	Boston, MA	100%		470		409,164		408,114		—	100%	Q2 2018	Q3 2021	Q4 2021	Q4 2022	95% / 95%
Projects Completed and Stabilized During the Quarter - Consolidated				470		409,164		408,114		—

UNCONSOLIDATED:
Projects Under Development:
Alloy Sunnyside	Denver, CO	80%		209		66,004		38,309		5,931	53%	Q3 2021	Q4 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	– / –
Alexan Harrison	Harrison, NY	62%		450		198,664		100,922		2,809	39%	Q3 2021	Q3 2023	Q2 2024	Q4 2025	– / –
Solana Beeler Park	Denver, CO	90%		270		81,206		27,008		—	19%	Q4 2021	Q4 2023	Q2 2024	Q1 2025	– / –
Remy (Toll)	Frisco, TX	75%		357		96,937		46,214		4,892	37%	Q1 2022	Q1 2024	Q4 2024	Q3 2025	– / –
Settler (Toll)	Fort Worth, TX	75%		362		81,775		26,456		—	24%	Q2 2022	Q2 2024	Q3 2024	Q3 2025	– / –
Lyle (Toll) (3)	Dallas, TX	75%		334		86,332		13,732		—	13%	Q3 2022	Q4 2024	Q2 2025	Q1 2026	– / –
Projects Under Development - Unconsolidated				1,982		610,918		252,641		13,632
Total Development Projects - Consolidated				1,207		787,606		634,664		108,378
Total Development Projects - Unconsolidated				1,982		610,918		252,641		13,632
Total Development Projects				3,189	$	1,398,524	$	887,305	$	122,010

(1)

Total Budgeted Capital Cost – Estimated remaining cost for projects under development and/or developed plus all capitalized costs incurred to date, including land acquisition costs, construction costs, capitalized real estate taxes and insurance, capitalized interest and loan fees, permits, professional fees, allocated development overhead and other regulatory fees, plus any estimates of costs remaining to be funded for all projects, all in accordance with GAAP. Amounts for partially owned consolidated and unconsolidated properties are presented at 100% of the project.

(2)

All non-wholly owned projects are being partially funded with project-specific construction loans. None of these loans are recourse to the Company. As of December 31, 2022, three projects have begun drawing on their construction loans for the unconsolidated joint venture projects under development.

(3)

The land parcels under these projects are subject to long-term ground leases.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

As of December 31, 2022, the Company does not believe there is any litigation pending or threatened against it that, individually or in the aggregate, may reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Common Share/Unit Information (Equity Residential and ERP Operating Limited Partnership)

The Company’s Common Shares trade on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol EQR. There is no established public market for the Operating Partnership’s Units (OP Units and restricted units). At February 10, 2023, the number of record holders of Common Shares was approximately 1,790 and 378,602,684 Common Shares were outstanding. At February 10, 2023, the number of record holders of Units in the Operating Partnership was approximately 465 and 391,169,119 Units were outstanding.

Unregistered Common Shares Issued in the Quarter Ended December 31, 2022 (Equity Residential)

During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, EQR issued 414,871 Common Shares in exchange for 414,871 OP Units held by various limited partners of ERPOP. OP Units are generally exchangeable into Common Shares on a one-for-one basis or, at the option of ERPOP, the cash equivalent thereof, at any time one year after the date of issuance. These shares were either registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or issued in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, as these were transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. In light of the manner of the sale and information obtained by EQR from the limited partners in connection with these transactions, EQR believes it may rely on these exemptions.

Item 6. Reserved

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of the results of operations and financial condition of the Company and the Operating Partnership should be read in connection with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto. Due to the Company’s ability to control the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries, the Operating Partnership and each such subsidiary entity has been consolidated with the Company for financial reporting purposes, except for any unconsolidated properties/entities. Capitalized terms used herein and not defined are as defined elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition, please refer to the Definitions section below for various capitalized terms not immediately defined in this Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

Forward-looking statements are intended to be made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions made by management. While the Company’s management believes the assumptions underlying its forward-looking statements are reasonable, such information is inherently subject to uncertainties and may involve certain risks, which could cause actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Many of these uncertainties and risks are difficult to predict and beyond management’s control. Additional factors that might cause such differences are discussed in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, particularly those under Item 1A, Risk Factors. Forward-looking statements and related uncertainties are also included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, results or events. The forward-looking statements contained herein are made as of the date hereof and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or supplement these forward-looking statements.

Overview

See Item 1, Business, for discussion regarding the Company’s overview.

Business Objectives and Operating and Investing Strategies

See Item 1, Business, for discussion regarding the Company’s business objectives and operating and investing strategies.

COVID-19 Impact

The Company continues to monitor and respond to the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. For additional details, see Item 1A, Risk Factors.

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Results of Operations

2021 and 2022 Transactions

In conjunction with our business objectives and operating and investing strategies, the following table provides a rollforward of the transactions that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022:

Portfolio Rollforward

($ in thousands)


	Properties			Apartment Units			Purchase Price			Acquisition Cap Rate
12/31/2020		304			77,889
Acquisitions:
Consolidated Rental Properties		13			3,533		$	1,249,679			3.7	%
Consolidated Rental Properties – Not Stabilized (1)		4			1,214		$	459,700			4.0	%
							Sales Price			Disposition Yield
Dispositions:
Consolidated Rental Properties		(14	)		(3,053	)	$	(1,716,775	)		(3.7	)%
Completed Developments – Consolidated		3			824
12/31/2021		310			80,407
							Purchase Price			Acquisition Cap Rate
Acquisitions:
Consolidated Rental Properties		1			172		$	113,000			3.5	%
Unconsolidated Land Parcels (2)		—			—		$	56,886
							Sales Price			Disposition Yield
Dispositions:
Consolidated Rental Properties		(3	)		(945	)	$	(746,150	)		(3.4	)%
Configuration Changes		—			(37	)
12/31/2022		308			79,597

(1)

The Company acquired four properties during the year ended December 31, 2021, one each in the Denver, Atlanta, Seattle and Dallas/Ft. Worth markets, that were in lease-up and are expected to stabilize in their second year of ownership at the combined Acquisition Cap Rate listed above.

(2)

The purchase price listed represents the total consideration for the closing of the respective joint ventures.

Acquisitions

•

The consolidated properties acquired in 2021 are located in the Atlanta (4), Austin (3), Boston, Dallas/Ft. Worth (4), Denver (3), Seattle and Washington, D.C. markets. The Atlanta, Austin and Dallas/Ft. Worth acquisitions marked the Company’s re-entry into these markets;

•

Approximately $1.4 billion, or 82.0% of all acquisition activity in 2021, was in expansion markets;

•

The Company funded the 2021 acquisitions by selling older assets located within established markets that no longer met our long-term investment criteria;

•

The consolidated property acquired in 2022 is located in the San Diego market; and

•

In 2022, the Company acquired its joint venture partner’s 25% interest in a 432-unit apartment property located in the Washington, D.C. market for $32.2 million, and the property is now wholly owned.

Dispositions

•

The consolidated properties disposed of in 2021 were located in the Los Angeles (6), New York, San Francisco (5), Seattle and Washington, D.C. markets and the sales generated an Unlevered IRR of 10.4%; and

•

The consolidated properties disposed of in 2022 were located in the New York (2) and Washington, D.C. markets and the sales generated an Unlevered IRR of 5.3%.

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Developments

•

The Company completed construction on three consolidated apartment properties during 2021, located in the San Francisco, Washington, D.C. and Boston markets, consisting of 824 apartment units totaling approximately $602.8 million of development costs;

•

The Company commenced construction on one consolidated and three unconsolidated apartment properties during 2021, located in the Denver (2), New York and Washington, D.C. markets, consisting of 1,241 apartment units totaling approximately $452.7 million of expected development costs;

•

The Company commenced construction on one consolidated and three unconsolidated apartment properties during 2022, located in the San Francisco and Dallas/Ft. Worth (3) markets, consisting of 1,278 apartment units totaling approximately $417.7 million of expected development costs;

•

The Company stabilized two consolidated apartment properties during 2022, located in the Washington, D.C. and Boston markets, consisting of 624 apartment units totaling approximately $482.1 million of development costs; and

•

The Company spent approximately $203.6 million during 2022, primarily for consolidated and unconsolidated development projects.

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

•

The Company entered into six separate unconsolidated joint ventures during 2021 for the purpose of developing vacant land parcels in Texas (3), Colorado (2) and New York. The Company’s total investment in these six joint ventures was approximately $72.2 million and $150.4 million as of December 31, 2021 and 2022, respectively. Three of the projects are related to the Company’s joint venture development program with Toll, two of which commenced construction during the second and third quarters of 2022; and

•

The Company entered into three separate unconsolidated joint ventures during 2022 for the purpose of developing vacant land parcels in the Dallas/Ft. Worth and Boston (2) markets. The Company’s total investment in these three joint ventures was approximately $66.8 million as of December 31, 2022. One of the projects is related to the Company’s joint venture development program with Toll, which commenced construction during the first quarter of 2022 prior to our entrance into the joint venture.

See Notes 4 and 6 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion regarding the Company’s real estate investments and investments in partially owned entities.

Comparison of the year ended December 31, 2022 to the year ended December 31, 2021

The following table presents a reconciliation of diluted earnings per share/unit for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021:


	Year Ended December 31
Diluted earnings per share/unit for full year 2021	$	3.54
Property NOI		0.60
Interest expense		(0.02	)
Corporate overhead (1)		(0.03	)
Net gain/loss on property sales		(1.95	)
Non-operating asset gains/losses		(0.07	)
Impairment – non-operating real estate assets		0.04
Depreciation expense		(0.11	)
Other		0.05
Diluted earnings per share/unit for full year 2022	$	2.05

(1)

Corporate overhead includes property management and general and administrative expenses.

The Company’s primary financial measure for evaluating each of its apartment communities is net operating income (“NOI”). NOI represents rental income less direct property operating expenses (including real estate taxes and insurance). The Company believes that NOI is helpful to investors as a supplemental measure of its operating performance because it is a direct measure of the actual operating results of the Company’s apartment properties.

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The following tables present reconciliations of operating income per the consolidated statements of operations to NOI, along with rental income, operating expenses and NOI per the consolidated statements of operations allocated between same store and non-same store/other results (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,						2022 vs. 2021
	2022			2021			$ Change			% Change
Operating income	$	1,116,046		$	1,675,841		$	(559,795	)		(33.4	)%
Adjustments:
Property management		110,304			98,155			12,149			12.4	%
General and administrative		58,710			56,506			2,204			3.9	%
Depreciation		882,168			838,272			43,896			5.2	%
Net (gain) loss on sales of real estate properties		(304,325	)		(1,072,183	)		767,858			(71.6	)%
Impairment		—			16,769			(16,769	)		(100.0	)%
Total NOI	$	1,862,903		$	1,613,360		$	249,543			15.5	%
Rental income:
Same store	$	2,533,577		$	2,291,604		$	241,973			10.6	%
Non-same store/other		201,603			172,393			29,210			16.9	%
Total rental income		2,735,180			2,463,997			271,183			11.0	%
Operating expenses:
Same store		802,291			774,504			27,787			3.6	%
Non-same store/other		69,986			76,133			(6,147	)		(8.1	)%
Total operating expenses		872,277			850,637			21,640			2.5	%
NOI:
Same store		1,731,286			1,517,100			214,186			14.1	%
Non-same store/other		131,617			96,260			35,357			36.7	%
Total NOI	$	1,862,903		$	1,613,360		$	249,543			15.5	%

Note: See Note 17 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for detail by reportable segment/market. Non-same store/other NOI results consist primarily of properties acquired in calendar years 2021 and 2022, operations from the Company’s development properties and operations prior to disposition from 2021 and 2022 sold properties.

•

The increase in same store rental income is primarily driven by strong Physical Occupancy and continued growth in pricing.

•

The increase in same store operating expenses is due primarily to:

•

Utilities – A $13.9 million increase from gas and electric, primarily driven by higher commodity prices; and

•

Repairs and maintenance – A $9.8 million increase primarily driven by volume and timing of maintenance and repairs along with increases in minimum wage on contracted services.

•

The increase in non-same store/other NOI is due primarily to a positive impact of higher NOI from properties acquired during 2021 and 2022 of $54.5 million and higher NOI from development properties in lease-up of $20.6 million, partially offset by a negative impact of lost NOI from 2021 and 2022 dispositions of $52.2 million and a negative impact of $1.2 million in lower NOI from one former master-leased property and two properties that have been removed from same store while undergoing major renovations.

•

The increase in consolidated total NOI is primarily a result of the Company’s higher NOI from same store properties, largely due to improvement in same store revenues as noted above. Operating expense growth remains modest due to a combination of continued success in managing controllable expenses, favorable growth in real estate tax expense (increased by only $3.2 million) and declines in payroll expense (decreased by $3.1 million) primarily due to the Company's various innovation and centralization initiatives, leading to 14.1% same store NOI growth for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to the prior year period.

See the Same Store Results section below for additional discussion of those results.

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Property management expenses include off-site expenses associated with the self-management of the Company’s properties as well as management fees paid to any third-party management companies. These expenses increased approximately $12.1 million or 12.4% during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 2021. This increase is primarily attributable to increases in payroll-related costs, training/conference costs, temporary help/contractors costs and third-party management fees.

General and administrative expenses, which include corporate operating expenses, increased approximately $2.2 million or 3.9% during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 2021, primarily due to increases in payroll-related costs, legal and professional fees and training/conference costs.

Depreciation expense, which includes depreciation on non-real estate assets, increased approximately $43.9 million or 5.2% during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 2021, primarily as a result of additional depreciation expense on properties acquired in 2021 and 2022 and development properties placed in service during 2021, partially offset by lower depreciation from properties sold in 2021 and 2022.

Net gain on sales of real estate properties decreased approximately $767.9 million or 71.6% during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 2021, primarily as a result of a lower sales volume with the sale of three consolidated apartment properties in 2022 as compared to the sale of fourteen consolidated apartment properties in the same period in 2021.

Impairment decreased approximately $16.8 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 2021, due to an impairment charge in 2021 on one land parcel held for development compared to no impairment charges taken during 2022.

Interest and other income decreased approximately $23.5 million or 91.5% during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 2021. The decrease is primarily due to a gain of $23.6 million on the sale of various investment securities that occurred during 2021 but not during 2022.

Other expenses decreased approximately $5.6 million or 29.1% during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 2021, primarily due to a decline in construction defect and litigation reserves and pursuit costs recorded between 2022 and 2021, partially offset by increases in advocacy contributions, demolition/abatement costs and data transformation project costs.

Interest expense, including amortization of deferred financing costs, increased approximately $10.4 million or 3.7% during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 2021. The increase is primarily due to higher overall interest rates and lower capitalized interest. The effective interest cost on all indebtedness, excluding debt extinguishment costs/prepayment penalties, for the year ended December 31, 2022 was 3.68% as compared to 3.52% in 2021. The Company capitalized interest of approximately $7.1 million and $15.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in partially owned properties decreased approximately $14.2 million or 79.0% during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 2021, primarily as a result of noncontrolling interest allocations related to the sale of one partially owned apartment property in 2021 as compared to no sales in 2022.

For comparison of the year ended December 31, 2021 to the year ended December 31, 2020, refer to Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, included in the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Same Store Results

Properties that the Company owned and were stabilized for all of both 2022 and 2021 (the “2022 Same Store Properties”), which represented 72,872 apartment units, drove the Company’s results of operations. Properties are considered “stabilized” when they have achieved 90% occupancy for three consecutive months. Properties are included in same store when they are stabilized for all of the current and comparable periods presented.

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The following table provides comparative total same store results and statistics for the 2022 Same Store Properties:

2022 vs. 2021

Same Store Results/Statistics Including 72,872 Same Store Apartment Units

$ in thousands (except for Average Rental Rate)


2022																	2021
	Residential			% Change			Non- Residential		% Change			Total		% Change				Residential			Non- Residential		Total
Revenues	$	2,441,522			10.7	%	$	92,055		5.8	%	$	2,533,577		10.6	%	Revenues	$	2,204,625		$	86,979	$	2,291,604
Expenses	$	778,206			3.6	%	$	24,085		3.6	%	$	802,291		3.6	%	Expenses	$	751,250		$	23,254	$	774,504
NOI	$	1,663,316			14.4	%	$	67,970		6.7	%	$	1,731,286		14.1	%	NOI	$	1,453,375		$	63,725	$	1,517,100

Average Rental Rate	$	2,898			10.4	%											Average Rental Rate	$	2,625
Physical Occupancy		96.4	%		0.3	%											Physical Occupancy		96.1	%
Turnover		42.8	%		(1.9	%)											Turnover		44.7	%

Note: Same store revenues for all leases are reflected on a straight-line basis in accordance with GAAP for the current and comparable periods.

The following table provides results and statistics related to our Residential same store operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:

2022 vs. 2021

Same Store Residential Results/Statistics by Market


														Increase (Decrease) from Prior Year
Markets/Metro Areas	Apartment Units		2022 % of Actual NOI			2022 Average Rental Rate		2022 Weighted Average Physical Occupancy %			2022 Turnover				Average Rental Rate			Physical Occupancy			Turnover
Los Angeles		14,662		19.8	%	$	2,733		96.6	%		38.4	%			9.0	%		(0.2	%)		(3.1	%)
Orange County		4,028		5.8	%		2,614		97.0	%		34.5	%			12.8	%		(0.7	%)		(0.1	%)
San Diego		2,706		4.0	%		2,766		96.7	%		38.1	%			11.4	%		(0.9	%)		(5.0	%)
Subtotal – Southern California		21,396		29.6	%		2,715		96.7	%		37.6	%			10.0	%		(0.4	%)		(2.8	%)

San Francisco		11,368		17.4	%		3,152		96.1	%		41.5	%			8.3	%		0.9	%		(6.5	%)
Washington, D.C.		14,187		16.2	%		2,456		96.8	%		43.1	%			5.5	%		0.3	%		(2.2	%)
New York		8,536		13.5	%		4,068		96.9	%		42.4	%			17.6	%		1.8	%		4.2	%
Seattle		9,331		11.4	%		2,497		95.1	%		51.6	%			10.7	%		(0.5	%)		0.7	%
Boston		6,430		10.0	%		3,208		96.2	%		45.3	%			11.2	%		0.5	%		(1.8	%)
Denver		1,624		1.9	%		2,299		96.7	%		60.3	%			11.3	%		0.1	%		0.1	%

Total		72,872		100.0	%	$	2,898		96.4	%		42.8	%			10.4	%		0.3	%		(1.9	%)

Note: The above table reflects Residential same store results only. Residential operations account for approximately 96.3% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Despite geopolitical and economic uncertainties, demand to live in our apartment communities remained healthy, which our financial results reflected, as we continued to capture the gap between in-place rent levels and market rent levels. Demand for our apartments continues to support strong Physical Occupancy with pricing that is largely in-line with expectations, including modest use of Leasing Concessions. Key operating drivers for this performance during 2022 include:

•

Pricing – Pricing (net of Leasing Concessions) in 2022 was strong, driven by continued improvement across the portfolio, especially in New York. After unprecedented growth earlier in the year, pricing began to moderate in late August 2022, which is typical, but slightly more pronounced than we had expected. Regardless, pricing remained positive during the fourth quarter of 2022 which is stronger than historical trends.

•

Physical Occupancy – Physical Occupancy of 96.4% for the year ended December 31, 2022 remained strong, contributing to growth in Same Store Residential Revenues.

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•

Percentage of Residents Renewing and Turnover – We continue to see a high Percentage of Residents Renewing in our portfolio, which we believe reflects both the strength of demand and quality of our product. The Percentage of Residents Renewing has been strong at 56.5% for the fourth quarter of 2022. Turnover has been the lowest in the Company’s history at 42.8% for the full year of 2022, reflecting a healthy and consistent trend of historically high resident retention.

In addition to these stronger fundamentals, bad debt, net moderated during the first half of 2022 with improvement in resident collections primarily driven by receipt of governmental rental assistance payments on behalf of our residents. Bad debt, net increased in the second half of 2022 primarily due to the governmental rental assistance programs winding down.

Transaction activity has slowed as buyers and sellers adjust their expectations to a volatile economic climate and rising interest rates. While this type of environment can be challenging, the Company has traditionally found investment opportunities during periods of market dislocation as our ability to move quickly and our relatively low cost of capital creates flexibility that can provide us a competitive advantage.

Overall, the fundamentals of our business remain strong. Long-term, we expect elevated single family home ownership costs, positive household formation trends and the overall deficit in housing across the country to buffer the impact on our business from the risks of potential economic weakness. We also see our affluent resident base as being more resilient to rising inflation due to higher levels of disposable income and lower relative rent-to-income ratios.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

With approximately $2.4 billion in readily available liquidity, a strong balance sheet, limited near-term maturities, very strong credit metrics and ample access to capital markets, the Company believes it is well positioned to meet its future obligations and opportunities. See further discussion below.

Statements of Cash Flows

The following table sets forth our sources and uses of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Cash flows provided by (used for):
Operating activities	$	1,454,756		$	1,260,184		$	1,265,536
Investing activities	$	107,792		$	(434,620	)	$	663,586
Financing activities	$	(1,785,612	)	$	(565,056	)	$	(1,946,393	)

The following provides information regarding the Company’s cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Operating Activities

Our operating cash flows are primarily impacted by NOI and its components, such as Average Rental Rates, Physical Occupancy levels and operating expenses related to our properties. Cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to 2021, increased by approximately $194.6 million as a direct result of the NOI and other changes discussed above in Results of Operations.

Investing Activities

Our investing cash flows are primarily impacted by our transaction activity (acquisitions/dispositions), development spend and capital expenditures. For 2022, key drivers were:

•

Acquired one consolidated rental property for approximately $113.0 million in cash;

•

Disposed of three consolidated rental properties, receiving net proceeds of approximately $720.3 million;

•

Invested $109.3 million primarily in development projects;

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•

Invested $159.7 million primarily in unconsolidated development joint venture entities as well as unconsolidated investments in real estate technology funds/companies for various technology initiatives; and

•

Invested $221.1 million in capital expenditures to real estate presented in the table below.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, our actual capital expenditures to real estate included the following (amounts in thousands except for apartment unit and per apartment unit amounts):

Capital Expenditures to Real Estate

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022


	Same Store Properties			Non-Same Store Properties/Other			Total		Same Store Avg. Per Apartment Unit
Total Apartment Units		72,872			6,725			79,597

Building Improvements	$	102,079		$	16,335	(2)	$	118,414	$	1,401
Renovation Expenditures		43,197	(1)		6,730	(2)		49,927		592
Replacements		49,834			2,911			52,745		684
Total Capital Expenditures to Real Estate	$	195,110		$	25,976		$	221,086	$	2,677

(1)

Renovation Expenditures – Amounts for 1,794 same store apartment units approximated $24,079 per apartment unit renovated.

(2)

Includes expenditures for two properties that have been removed from same store while undergoing major renovations requiring a significant number of apartment units to be vacated to accommodate the extensive planned improvements. The renovations are expected to continue through at least the end of 2023 at both properties.

Financing Activities

Our financing cash flows primarily relate to our borrowing activity (debt proceeds or repayment), distributions/dividends to shareholders and other Common Share activity. For 2022, key drivers were:

•

Obtained $48.1 million in variable rate construction mortgage debt that is non-recourse to the Company;

•

Repaid $289.9 million of mortgage loans (inclusive of scheduled principal repayments);

•

Repaid $500.0 million of unsecured notes by using disposition proceeds;

•

Settled all 1.7 million Common Shares under the ATM forward sale agreements for cash proceeds of $139.6 million;

•

Acquired our joint venture partner’s 25% interest in an apartment property for $32.2 million;

•

Issued Common Shares related to share option exercises and ESPP purchases and received net proceeds of $29.2 million; and

•

Paid dividends/distributions on Common Shares, Preferred Shares, Units (including OP Units and restricted units) and noncontrolling interests in partially owned properties totaling approximately $982.8 million.

Short-Term Liquidity and Cash Proceeds

The Company generally expects to meet its short-term liquidity requirements, including capital expenditures related to maintaining its existing properties and scheduled unsecured note and mortgage note repayments, through its working capital, net cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under the Company’s revolving credit facility and commercial paper program. Currently, the Company considers its cash provided by operating activities to be adequate to meet operating requirements and payments of distributions.

The following table presents the Company’s balances for cash and cash equivalents, restricted deposits and the available borrowing capacity on its revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents	$	53,869	$	123,832
Restricted deposits	$	83,303	$	236,404
Unsecured revolving credit facility availability	$	2,366,537	$	2,181,372

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Credit Facility and Commercial Paper Program

The Company has a $2.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility maturing October 26, 2027. The Company has the ability to increase available borrowings by an additional $750.0 million by adding lenders to the facility, obtaining the agreement of existing lenders to increase their commitments or incurring one or more term loans. The interest rate on advances under the facility will generally be the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus a spread (currently 0.725%), or based on bids received from the lending group, and the Company pays an annual facility fee (currently 0.125%). Both the spread and the facility fee are dependent on the Company’s senior unsecured credit rating. The Revolving Credit Agreement also contains a sustainability-linked pricing component which provides for interest rate margin reductions upon achieving certain sustainability ratings. See Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of the Company’s credit facility.

The Company may borrow up to a maximum of $1.0 billion under its commercial paper program subject to market conditions. The notes will be sold under customary terms in the United States commercial paper note market and will rank pari passu with all of the Company’s other unsecured senior indebtedness.

The Company limits its utilization of the revolving credit facility in order to maintain liquidity to support its $1.0 billion commercial paper program along with certain other obligations. The following table presents the availability on the Company’s unsecured revolving credit facility as of February 10, 2023 (amounts in thousands):


	February 10, 2023
Unsecured revolving credit facility commitment	$	2,500,000
Commercial paper balance outstanding		(130,000	)
Unsecured revolving credit facility balance outstanding		—
Other restricted amounts		(3,484	)
Unsecured revolving credit facility availability	$	2,366,516

Dividend Policy

The Company declared a dividend/distribution for each quarter in 2022 of $0.625 per share/unit, an annualized increase of 3.7% over the amount paid in 2021. All future dividends/distributions remain subject to the discretion of the Company’s Board of Trustees.

Total dividends/distributions paid in January 2023 amounted to $244.6 million (excluding distributions on Partially Owned Properties), which consisted of certain distributions declared during the quarter ended December 31, 2022.

Long-Term Financing and Capital Needs

The Company expects to meet its long-term liquidity requirements, such as lump sum unsecured note and mortgage debt maturities, property acquisitions and financing of development activities, through the issuance of secured and unsecured debt and equity securities (including additional OP Units), proceeds received from the disposition of certain properties and joint ventures, along with cash generated from operations after all distributions. The Company has a significant number of unencumbered properties available to secure additional mortgage borrowings should unsecured capital be unavailable or the cost of alternative sources of capital be too high. The value of and cash flow from these unencumbered properties are in excess of the requirements the Company must maintain in order to comply with covenants under its unsecured notes and line of credit. Of the $28.1 billion in investment in real estate on the Company’s balance sheet at December 31, 2022, $24.5 billion or 87.1% was unencumbered. However, there can be no assurances that these sources of capital will be available to the Company in the future on acceptable terms or otherwise. For additional details, see Item 1A, Risk Factors.

EQR issues equity and guarantees certain debt of the Operating Partnership from time to time. EQR does not have any indebtedness as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership.

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The Company’s total debt summary schedule as of December 31, 2022 is as follows:

Debt Summary as of December 31, 2022

($ in thousands)


	Debt Balances		% of Total
Secured	$	1,953,438		26.3	%
Unsecured		5,472,284		73.7	%
Total	$	7,425,722		100.0	%
Fixed Rate Debt:
Secured – Conventional	$	1,608,838		21.7	%
Unsecured – Public		5,342,329		71.9	%
Fixed Rate Debt		6,951,167		93.6	%
Floating Rate Debt:
Secured – Conventional		108,378		1.4	%
Secured – Tax Exempt		236,222		3.2	%
Unsecured – Revolving Credit Facility		—		—
Unsecured – Commercial Paper Program		129,955		1.8	%
Floating Rate Debt		474,555		6.4	%
Total	$	7,425,722		100.0	%

The following table summarizes the Company’s debt maturity schedule as of December 31, 2022:

Debt Maturity Schedule as of December 31, 2022

($ in thousands)


Year	Fixed Rate			Floating Rate				Total			% of Total
2023 (2)	$	800,000		$	198,275		(1)	$	998,275			13.3	%
2024		—			6,100				6,100			0.1	%
2025		450,000			53,180				503,180			6.7	%
2026		592,025			9,000				601,025			8.0	%
2027		400,000			9,800				409,800			5.5	%
2028		900,000			10,700				910,700			12.1	%
2029		888,120			11,500				899,620			12.0	%
2030		1,095,000			12,600				1,107,600			14.8	%
2031		528,500			39,700				568,200			7.6	%
2032		—			28,000				28,000			0.4	%
2033+		1,350,850			110,900				1,461,750			19.5	%
Subtotal		7,004,495			489,755				7,494,250			100.0	%
Deferred Financing Costs and Unamortized (Discount)		(53,328	)		(15,200	)			(68,528	)	N/A
Total	$	6,951,167		$	474,555			$	7,425,722			100.0	%

(1)

Includes $130.0 million in principal outstanding on the Company’s commercial paper program.

(2)

During 2022, the Company entered into $450.0 million of ten-year forward starting SOFR swaps at a weighted average rate of 2.90% (currently equivalent to a ten-year U.S. Treasury of approximately 3.23%) to hedge the U.S. Treasury risk for the refinancing of 2023 maturities.

Interest expected to be incurred on the Company’s secured and unsecured debt based on obligations outstanding at December 31, 2022, inclusive of capitalized interest, approximates $210.0 million annually for the next five years, with total remaining obligations of approximately $2.3 billion. For floating rate debt, the current rate in effect for the most recent payment through December 31, 2022 is assumed to be in effect through the respective maturity date of each instrument.

See Note 9 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of debt at December 31, 2022. See also Notes 8 and 16 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2022.

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Capital Structure

The Company’s “Consolidated Debt-to-Total Market Capitalization Ratio” as of December 31, 2022 is presented in the following table. The Company calculates the equity component of its market capitalization as the sum of (i) the total outstanding Common Shares and assumed conversion of all Units at the equivalent market value of the closing price of the Company’s Common Shares on the New York Stock Exchange and (ii) the liquidation value of all perpetual preferred shares outstanding.

Equity Residential

Capital Structure as of December 31, 2022

(Amounts in thousands except for share/unit and per share amounts)


Secured Debt					$	1,953,438	26.3	%
Unsecured Debt						5,472,284	73.7	%
Total Debt						7,425,722	100.0	%	24.3	%
Common Shares (includes Restricted Shares)		378,429,708	96.8	%
Units (includes OP Units and Restricted Units)		12,429,737	3.2	%
Total Shares and Units		390,859,445	100.0	%
Common Share Price at December 31, 2022	$	59.00
						23,060,707	99.8	%
Perpetual Preferred Equity						37,280	0.2	%
Total Equity						23,097,987	100.0	%	75.7	%
Total Market Capitalization					$	30,523,709			100.0	%

The Operating Partnership’s “Consolidated Debt-to-Total Market Capitalization Ratio” as of December 31, 2022 is presented in the following table. The Operating Partnership calculates the equity component of its market capitalization as the sum of (i) the total outstanding Units at the equivalent market value of the closing price of the Company’s Common Shares on the New York Stock Exchange and (ii) the liquidation value of all perpetual preference units outstanding.

ERP Operating Limited Partnership

Capital Structure as of December 31, 2022

(Amounts in thousands except for unit and per unit amounts)


Secured Debt			$	1,953,438	26.3	%
Unsecured Debt				5,472,284	73.7	%
Total Debt				7,425,722	100.0	%	24.3	%
Total Outstanding Units		390,859,445
Common Share Price at December 31, 2022	$	59.00
				23,060,707	99.8	%
Perpetual Preference Units				37,280	0.2	%
Total Equity				23,097,987	100.0	%	75.7	%
Total Market Capitalization			$	30,523,709			100.0	%

Financial Flexibility

EQR and ERPOP currently have an active universal shelf registration statement for the issuance of equity and debt securities that automatically became effective upon filing with the SEC in May 2022 and expires in May 2025. Per the terms of ERPOP’s partnership agreement, EQR contributes the net proceeds of all equity offerings to the capital of ERPOP in exchange for additional OP Units (on a one-for-one Common Share per OP Unit basis) or preference units (on a one-for-one preferred share per preference unit basis).

The Company has an ATM share offering program which allows EQR to issue Common Shares from time to time into the existing trading market at current market prices or through negotiated transactions, including under forward sale arrangements. In May 2022, the Company replaced the prior program with a new program which extended the maturity to May 2025 and gives us the authority to issue up to 13.0 million shares, all of which remain available for issuance as of December 31, 2022.

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agreements in whole or in part through the delivery or receipt of Common Shares or cash. Issuances of shares under these forward sale agreements are classified as equity transactions. Accordingly, no amounts relating to the forward sale agreements are recorded in the consolidated financial statements until settlement occurs. Prior to any settlements, the only impact to the consolidated financial statements is the inclusion of incremental shares, if any, within the calculation of diluted net income per share using the treasury stock method (see Note 11 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion). The actual forward price per share to be received by the Company upon settlement will be determined on the applicable settlement date based on adjustments made to the initial forward price to reflect the then-current overnight federal funds rate and the amount of dividends paid to holders of the Company’s Common Shares over the term of the forward sale agreement.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, the Company entered into forward sale agreements under the prior program for a total of approximately 1.7 million Common Shares at a weighted average initial forward price per share of $83.25. During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, the Company settled all of the outstanding forward sale agreements, at a weighted average forward price per share of $80.22, which is inclusive of adjustments made to reflect the then-current federal funds rate and the amount of dividends paid to holders of the Company's Common Shares, for net proceeds of approximately $139.6 million. Concurrent with this transaction, ERPOP issued the same amount of OP Units to EQR in exchange for the net proceeds.

The Company may repurchase up to 13.0 million Common Shares under its share repurchase program. No open market repurchases have occurred since 2008. As of February 10, 2023, EQR has remaining authorization to repurchase up to 13.0 million of its shares.

We believe our ability to access capital markets is enhanced by ERPOP’s long-term senior debt ratings and short-term commercial paper ratings, as well as EQR’s long-term preferred equity ratings. As of February 10, 2023, the ratings are as follows:


	Standard & Poor’s	Moody's
ERPOP's long-term senior debt rating	A-	A3
ERPOP's short-term commercial paper rating	A-2	P-2
EQR's long-term preferred equity rating	BBB	Baa1

See Note 18 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of the events, if any, which occurred subsequent to December 31, 2022.

Definitions

The definition of certain terms described above or below are as follows:

•

Acquisition Cap Rate – NOI that the Company anticipates receiving in the next 12 months (or the year two or three stabilized NOI for properties that are in lease-up at acquisition) less an estimate of property management costs/management fees allocated to the project (generally ranging from 2.0% to 4.0% of revenues depending on the size and income streams of the asset) and less an estimate for in-the-unit replacement capital expenditures (generally ranging from $100-$450 per apartment unit depending on the age and condition of the asset) divided by the gross purchase price of the asset. The weighted average Acquisition Cap Rate for acquired properties is weighted based on the projected NOI streams and the relative purchase price for each respective property.

•

Average Rental Rate – Total Residential rental revenues reflected on a straight-line basis in accordance with GAAP divided by the weighted average occupied apartment units for the reporting period presented.

•

Building Improvements – Includes roof replacement, paving, building mechanical equipment systems, exterior siding and painting, major landscaping, furniture, fixtures and equipment for amenities and common areas, vehicles and office and maintenance equipment.

•

Disposition Yield – NOI that the Company anticipates giving up in the next 12 months less an estimate of property management costs/management fees allocated to the project (generally ranging from 2.0% to 4.0% of revenues depending on the size and income streams of the asset) and less an estimate for in-the-unit replacement capital expenditures (generally ranging from $150-$450 per apartment unit depending on the age and condition of the asset) divided by the gross sales price of the asset. The weighted average Disposition Yield for sold properties is weighted based on the projected NOI streams and the relative sales price for each respective property.

•

Leasing Concessions – Reflects upfront discounts on both new move-in and renewal leases on a straight-line basis.

•

Non-Residential – Consists of revenues and expenses from retail and public parking garage operations.

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•

Non-Same Store Properties – For annual comparisons, primarily includes all properties acquired during 2021 and 2022, plus any properties in lease-up and not stabilized as of January 1, 2021.

•

Percentage of Residents Renewing – Leases renewed expressed as a percentage of total renewal offers extended during the reporting period.

•

Physical Occupancy – The weighted average occupied apartment units for the reporting period divided by the average of total apartment units available for rent for the reporting period.

•

Renovation Expenditures – Apartment unit renovation costs (primarily kitchens and baths) designed to reposition these units for higher rental levels in their respective markets.

•

Replacements – Includes appliances, mechanical equipment, fixtures and flooring (including hardwood and carpeting).

•

Residential – Consists of multifamily apartment revenues and expenses.

•

Same Store Properties – For annual comparisons, primarily includes all properties acquired or completed that are stabilized prior to January 1, 2021, less properties subsequently sold. Properties are included in Same Store when they are stabilized for all of the current and comparable periods presented.

•

Same Store Residential Revenues – Revenues from our Same Store Properties presented on a GAAP basis which reflects the impact of Leasing Concessions on a straight-line basis.

•

% of Stabilized Budgeted NOI – Represents original budgeted 2023 NOI for stabilized properties and projected annual NOI at stabilization (defined as having achieved 90% occupancy for three consecutive months) for properties that are in lease-up.

•

Turnover – Total Residential move-outs (including inter-property and intra-property transfers) divided by total Residential apartment units.

•

Unlevered Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”) – The Unlevered IRR on sold properties is the compound annual rate of return calculated by the Company based on the timing and amount of: (i) the gross purchase price of the property plus any direct acquisition costs incurred by the Company; (ii) total revenues earned during the Company’s ownership period; (iii) total direct property operating expenses (including real estate taxes and insurance) incurred during the Company’s ownership period; (iv) capital expenditures incurred during the Company’s ownership period; and (v) the gross sales price of the property net of selling costs.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to use judgment in the application of accounting policies, including making estimates and assumptions. If our judgment or interpretation of the facts and circumstances relating to various transactions had been different or different assumptions were made, it is possible that different accounting policies would have been applied, resulting in different financial results or different presentation of our financial statements.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. These policies were followed in preparing the consolidated financial statements at and for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The Company has identified the significant accounting policies below as critical accounting policies. These critical accounting policies are those that have the most impact on the reporting of our financial condition and those requiring significant judgments and estimates. With respect to these critical accounting policies, management believes that the application of judgments and estimates is consistently applied and produces financial information that fairly presents the results of operations for all periods presented.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates its long-lived assets, including its investment in real estate, for indicators of impairment at least quarterly. The judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on factors such as operational performance, market conditions, legal, regulatory and environmental concerns, the Company’s intent and ability to hold the related asset, as well as any significant cost overruns on development properties. Future events could occur which would cause the Company to conclude that impairment indicators exist and an impairment loss is warranted. Assessing impairment can be complex and involves a high degree of subjectivity in determining if indicators are present and in estimating the future undiscounted cash flows or the fair value of an asset. In particular, these estimates are sensitive to significant assumptions, including the estimation of future rental revenues, operating expenses, discount and capitalization rates and our intent and ability to hold the related asset, all of which could be affected by our expectations about future market or economic conditions. Assumptions are primarily subject to property-specific characteristics, especially with respect to our intent and ability to hold the related asset. While these property-specific assumptions can have a significant impact on the undiscounted cash flows or estimated fair value of a particular asset, our evaluation of the reported carrying values of long-lived assets during the current year were not particularly sensitive to external or market assumptions.

Acquisition of Investment Properties

The Company allocates the purchase price of properties that meet the definition of an asset acquisition to net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired based on their relative fair values using assumptions primarily based upon property-specific characteristics. In making estimates of relative fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, the Company utilizes a number of sources, including independent appraisals that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective property, our own analysis of recently acquired or developed and existing comparable properties in our portfolio and other market data. The Company also considers information obtained about each property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the relative fair value of the tangible and intangible assets/liabilities acquired.

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Funds From Operations and Normalized Funds From Operations

The following is the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s reconciliation of net income to FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units for each of the three years ended December 31, 2022:

Funds From Operations and Normalized Funds From Operations

(Amounts in thousands)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Net income	$	806,995		$	1,396,714		$	962,501
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(3,774	)		(17,964	)		(14,855	)
Preferred/preference distributions		(3,090	)		(3,090	)		(3,090	)
Net income available to Common Shares and Units / Units		800,131			1,375,660			944,556
Adjustments:
Depreciation		882,168			838,272			820,832
Depreciation – Non-real estate additions		(4,306	)		(4,277	)		(4,564	)
Depreciation – Partially Owned Properties		(2,640	)		(3,673	)		(3,345	)
Depreciation – Unconsolidated Properties		2,898			2,487			2,454
Net (gain) loss on sales of unconsolidated entities - operating assets		(9	)		(1,304	)		(1,636	)
Net (gain) loss on sales of real estate properties		(304,325	)		(1,072,183	)		(531,807	)
Noncontrolling Interests share of gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties		—			15,650			11,655
FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units (1) (3) (4)		1,373,917			1,150,632			1,238,145
Adjustments:
Impairment – non-operating real estate assets		—			16,769			—
Write-off of pursuit costs		4,780			6,526			6,869
Debt extinguishment and preferred share redemption (gains) losses		4,664			744			39,292
Non-operating asset (gains) losses		2,368			(22,283	)		(32,590	)
Other miscellaneous items		(13,901	)		8,976			4,652
Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units (2) (3) (4)	$	1,371,828		$	1,161,364		$	1,256,368

FFO (1) (3)	$	1,377,007		$	1,153,722		$	1,241,235
Preferred/preference distributions		(3,090	)		(3,090	)		(3,090	)
FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units (1) (3) (4)	$	1,373,917		$	1,150,632		$	1,238,145

Normalized FFO (2) (3)	$	1,374,918		$	1,164,454		$	1,259,458
Preferred/preference distributions		(3,090	)		(3,090	)		(3,090	)
Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units (2) (3) (4)	$	1,371,828		$	1,161,364		$	1,256,368

(1)

The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“Nareit”) defines funds from operations (“FFO”) (December 2018 White Paper) as net income (computed in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”)), excluding gains or losses from sales and impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate and land when connected to the main business of a REIT, impairment write-downs of investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity and depreciation and amortization related to real estate. Adjustments for partially owned consolidated and unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated to reflect funds from operations on the same basis.

(2)

Normalized funds from operations (“Normalized FFO”) begins with FFO and excludes:

•

the impact of any expenses relating to non-operating real estate asset impairment;

•

pursuit cost write-offs;

•

gains and losses from early debt extinguishment and preferred share redemptions;

•

gains and losses from non-operating assets; and

•

other miscellaneous items.

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(3)

The Company believes that FFO and FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units are helpful to investors as supplemental measures of the operating performance of a real estate company, because they are recognized measures of performance by the real estate industry and by excluding gains or losses from sales and impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate and excluding depreciation related to real estate (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar condition based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), FFO and FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units can help compare the operating performance of a company’s real estate between periods or as compared to different companies. The Company also believes that Normalized FFO and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units are helpful to investors as supplemental measures of the operating performance of a real estate company because they allow investors to compare the Company’s operating performance to its performance in prior reporting periods and to the operating performance of other real estate companies without the effect of items that by their nature are not comparable from period to period and tend to obscure the Company’s actual operating results. FFO, FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units, Normalized FFO and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units do not represent net income, net income available to Common Shares / Units or net cash flows from operating activities in accordance with GAAP. Therefore, FFO, FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units, Normalized FFO and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units should not be exclusively considered as alternatives to net income, net income available to Common Shares / Units or net cash flows from operating activities as determined by GAAP or as a measure of liquidity. The Company’s calculation of FFO, FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units, Normalized FFO and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units may differ from other real estate companies due to, among other items, variations in cost capitalization policies for capital expenditures and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other real estate companies.

(4)

FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units and Normalized FFO available to Common Shares and Units / Units are calculated on a basis consistent with net income available to Common Shares / Units and reflects adjustments to net income for preferred distributions and premiums on redemption of preferred shares/preference units in accordance with GAAP. The equity positions of various individuals and entities that contributed their properties to the Operating Partnership in exchange for OP Units are collectively referred to as the “Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership”. Subject to certain restrictions, the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership may exchange their OP Units for Common Shares on a one-for-one basis.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company is exposed to market risk from financial instruments primarily from changes in interest rates. Such risks derive from the refinancing of debt maturities, from exposure to interest rate fluctuations on floating rate debt and from derivative instruments utilized to swap fixed rate debt to floating or to hedge rates in anticipation of future debt issuances. Our operating results are, therefore, affected by changes in short-term interest rates, primarily SOFR, London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”) indices, which directly impact borrowings under our revolving credit facility and/or interest on secured and unsecured borrowings contractually tied to such rates. Short-term interest rates also indirectly affect the discount on notes issued under our commercial paper program. Additionally, we have exposure to long-term interest rates, particularly U.S. Treasuries, as they are utilized to price our long-term borrowings and therefore affect the cost of refinancing existing debt or incurring additional debt.

The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (the “ARRC”) has identified SOFR as the preferred alternative rate for USD LIBOR. As part of the transition process that is now under way, LIBOR is no longer published for certain tenors and key USD settings are expected to be discontinued by June 2023. SOFR is now the primary basis for determining interest payments on borrowings on the Company’s $2.5 billion revolving credit facility. We are closely monitoring the evolution of practices in the credit markets and we do not expect such transition to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or cash flows.

The Company monitors and manages interest rates as part of its risk management process, by targeting adequate levels of floating rate exposure and an appropriate debt maturity profile. From time to time, we may utilize derivative instruments to manage interest rate exposure and to comply with the requirements of certain lenders, but not for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company had total variable rate debt of $0.5 billion, representing 6.4% of total debt, and $0.6 billion, representing 7.3% of total debt, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. If interest rates had been 100 basis points higher in 2022 and 2021 and average balances coincided with year end balances, our annual interest expense would have been $4.7 million and $6.1 million higher, respectively. Unsecured notes issued under the Company’s commercial paper program are treated as variable rate debt for the purposes of this calculation even though they do not have a stated interest rate, given their short-term nature. The effect of derivatives, if applicable, is also considered when computing the total amount of variable rate debt.

Changes in interest rates also affect the estimated fair market value of our fixed rate debt, computed using a discounted cash flow model. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had total outstanding fixed rate debt of $7.0 billion, or 93.6% of total debt, with an estimated fair market value of $6.2 billion. If interest rates had been 100 basis points lower as of December 31, 2022, the estimated fair market value would have increased by approximately $397.5 million. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had total outstanding fixed rate debt of $7.7 billion, or 92.7% of total debt, with an estimated fair market value of $8.4 billion. If interest rates had been 100 basis points lower as of December 31, 2021, the estimated fair market value would have increased by approximately $637.2 million.

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As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s derivative instruments had a net asset fair value of approximately $20.7 million. If interest rates increased by 35 basis points across the curve relative to market quotes as of December 31, 2022 (a 10% upward “parallel shift”), the net asset fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments would be approximately $39.4 million. If interest rates decreased by 35 basis points (a 10% downward “parallel shift”), the net asset fair value of the Company’s derivative instruments would be approximately $1.5 million.

These amounts were determined by considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on the Company’s financial instruments. These analyses do not consider the effects of the changes in overall economic activity that could exist in such an environment. Further, in the event of changes of such magnitude, management would likely take actions to further mitigate its exposure to these changes. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, this analysis assumes no changes in the Company’s financial structure or results.

The Company cannot predict the effect of adverse changes in interest rates on its debt and derivative instruments and, therefore, its exposure to market risk, nor can there be any assurance that long-term debt will be available at advantageous pricing. Consequently, future results may differ materially from the estimated adverse changes discussed above.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Equity Residential

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures:

Effective as of December 31, 2022, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in its Exchange Act filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting:

Equity Residential’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework).

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can only provide reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Based on the Company’s evaluation under the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework, management concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022. Our internal control over financial reporting has been audited as of December 31, 2022 by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.

There were no changes to the internal control over financial reporting of the Company identified in connection with the Company’s evaluation referred to above that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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ERP Operating Limited Partnership

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures:

Effective as of December 31, 2022, the Operating Partnership carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Operating Partnership’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of EQR, of the effectiveness of the Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Operating Partnership in its Exchange Act filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting:

ERP Operating Limited Partnership’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of EQR, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework).

Based on the Operating Partnership’s evaluation under the framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework, management concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022. Our internal control over financial reporting has been audited as of December 31, 2022 by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.

There were no changes to the internal control over financial reporting of the Operating Partnership identified in connection with the Operating Partnership’s evaluation referred to above that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

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PART III

Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14.

Trustees, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance; Executive Compensation; Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters; Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Trustee Independence; and Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required by Item 10, Item 11, Item 12 (with the exception of the Equity Compensation Plan Information provided below), Item 13 and Item 14 is incorporated by reference to, and will be contained in, Equity Residential’s Proxy Statement, which the Company intends to file no later than 120 days after the end of its fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and thus these items have been omitted in accordance with General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K. Equity Residential is the general partner and 96.8% owner of ERP Operating Limited Partnership.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information as of December 31, 2022 with respect to the Company’s Common Shares that may be issued under its existing equity compensation plans.


Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights	Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights	Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities in column (a))
	(a) (1)	(b) (1)	(c) (2)
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders	4,061,360	$62.60	11,407,237
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders	N/A	N/A	N/A

(1)

The amounts shown in columns (a) and (b) of the above table do not include 289,918 outstanding Common Shares (all of which are restricted and subject to vesting requirements) that were granted under the Company’s 2019 Share Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2019 Plan”), and outstanding Common Shares that have been purchased by employees and trustees under the Company’s ESPP.

(2)

Includes 8,920,638 Common Shares that may be issued under the 2019 Plan and 2,486,599 Common Shares that may be sold to employees and trustees under the ESPP.

On June 27, 2019, the shareholders of EQR approved the Company's 2019 Plan and the Company filed a Form S-8 registration statement to register 11,331,958 Common Shares under this plan. As of December 31, 2022, 8,920,638 shares were available for future issuance. The 2019 Plan expires on June 27, 2029.

Any Common Shares issued pursuant to EQR’s incentive equity compensation and employee share purchase plans will result in ERPOP issuing OP Units to EQR on a one-for-one basis, with ERPOP receiving the net cash proceeds of such issuances.

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PART IV

Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Report:

(1)

Financial Statements: See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.

(2)

Exhibits: See the Exhibit Index.

(3)

Financial Statement Schedules: See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedule on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

The exhibits listed below are filed as part of this report. References to exhibits or other filings under the caption “Location” indicate that the exhibit or other filing has been filed, that the indexed exhibit and the exhibit referred to are the same and that the exhibit referred to is incorporated by reference. The Commission file numbers for our Exchange Act filings referenced below are 1-12252 (Equity Residential) and 0-24920 (ERP Operating Limited Partnership).


Exhibit	Description	Location
3.1	Articles of Restatement of Declaration of Trust of Equity Residential dated December 9, 2004.	Included as Exhibit 3.1 to Equity Residential’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004.

3.2	Eighth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Equity Residential, effective as of October 1, 2015.	Included as Exhibit 3.1 to Equity Residential's Form 8-K dated and filed on October 1, 2015.

3.3	First Amendment to Eighth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Equity Residential, dated November 20, 2017.	Included as Exhibit 3.1 to Equity Residential's Form 8-K dated and filed on November 20, 2017.

3.4	Second Amendment to Eighth Amended and Restated Bylaws of Equity Residential, effective as of May 4, 2020.	Included as Exhibit 3.1 to Equity Residential's Form 8-K dated May 4, 2020, filed on May 8, 2020.

3.5	Seventh Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership for ERP Operating Limited Partnership, dated as of March 18, 2021 and effective as of January 1, 2020.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated March 18, 2021, filed on March 24, 2021.

4.1	Description of Equity Residential Common Shares Registered Under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.	Included as Exhibit 4.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

4.2	Description of ERP Operating Limited Partnership Notes Registered Under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.	Included as Exhibit 4.2 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

4.3	Description of ERP Operating Limited Partnership OP Units Registered Under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.	Included as Exhibit 4.3 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

4.4	Indenture, dated October 1, 1994, between the Operating Partnership and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee (“Indenture”).	Included as Exhibit 4(a) to ERP Operating Limited Partnership’s Form S-3 filed on October 7, 1994. **

4.5	First Supplemental Indenture to Indenture, dated as of September 9, 2004.	Included as Exhibit 4.2 to ERP Operating Limited Partnership’s Form 8-K, filed on September 10, 2004.

4.6	Second Supplemental Indenture to Indenture, dated as of August 23, 2006.	Included as Exhibit 4.1 to ERP Operating Limited Partnership’s Form 8-K dated August 16, 2006, filed on August 23, 2006.

4.7	Third Supplemental Indenture to Indenture, dated as of June 4, 2007.	Included as Exhibit 4.1 to ERP Operating Limited Partnership’s Form 8-K dated May 30, 2007, filed on June 1, 2007.

4.8	Fourth Supplemental Indenture to Indenture, dated as of December 12, 2011.	Included as Exhibit 4.2 to ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated December 7, 2011, filed on December 9, 2011.

4.9	Fifth Supplemental Indenture to Indenture, dated as of February 1, 2016.	Included as Exhibit 4.6 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

4.10	Form of 3.375% Note due June 1, 2025.	Included as Exhibit 4.1 to ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated May 11, 2015, filed on May 13, 2015.

4.11	Terms Agreement regarding 7.57% Notes due August 15, 2026.	Included as Exhibit 1 to ERP Operating Limited Partnership’s Form 8-K, filed on August 13, 1996.

4.12	Form of 2.850% Note due November 1, 2026.	Included as Exhibit 4.1 to ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated October 4, 2016, filed on October 7, 2016.

4.13	Form of 3.250% Note due August 1, 2027.	Included as Exhibit 4.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated July 31, 2017, filed on August 2, 2017.

4.14	Form of 3.500% Note due March 1, 2028.	Included as Exhibit 4.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated February 1, 2018, filed on February 6, 2018.

4.15	Form of 4.150% Note due December 1, 2028.	Included as Exhibit 4.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated November 28, 2018, filed on November 29, 2018.

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4.16		Form of 3.000% Note due July 1, 2029.	Included as Exhibit 4.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated June 17, 2019, filed on June 20, 2019.

4.17		Form of 2.500% Note due February 15, 2030.	Included as Exhibit 4.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated August 20, 2019, filed on August 22, 2019.

4.18		Form of 1.850% Note due August 1, 2031.	Included as Exhibit 4.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated August 3, 2021, filed on August 5, 2021.

4.19		Form of 4.500% Note due July 1, 2044.	Included as Exhibit 4.2 to ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated June 16, 2014, filed on June 18, 2014.

4.20		Form of 4.500% Note due June 1, 2045.	Included as Exhibit 4.2 to ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated May 11, 2015, filed on May 13, 2015.

4.21		Form of 4.000% Note due August 1, 2047.	Included as Exhibit 4.2 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated July 31, 2017, filed on August 2, 2017.

10.1	*	Noncompetition Agreement (Zell).	Included as an exhibit to Equity Residential's Form S-11 Registration Statement, File No. 33-63158. **

10.2		Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of October 26, 2022, among ERP Operating Limited Partnership, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and the financial institutions party thereto.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated October 26, 2022, filed on October 27, 2022.

10.3		Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Lexford Properties, L.P.	Included as Exhibit 10.16 to Equity Residential's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999.

10.4	*	Equity Residential 2019 Share Incentive Plan.	Included as Exhibit 99.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated June 27, 2019, filed on July 1, 2019.

10.5	*	Equity Residential 2011 Share Incentive Plan.	Included as Exhibit 99.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated June 16, 2011, filed on June 22, 2011.

10.6	*	First Amendment to 2011 Share Incentive Plan.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2012.

10.7	*	Second Amendment to 2011 Share Incentive Plan.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2013.

10.8	*	Third Amendment to 2011 Share Incentive Plan.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2014.

10.9	*	Fourth Amendment to 2011 Share Incentive Plan.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2014.

10.10	*	Fifth Amendment to 2011 Share Incentive Plan.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2016.

10.11	*	Sixth Amendment to 2011 Share Incentive Plan.	Included as Exhibit 10.18 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

10.12	*	Seventh Amendment to 2011 Share Incentive Plan.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017.

10.13	*	Form of 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan Award Agreement.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018.

10.14	*	Form of 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan Award Agreement.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022.

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10.15	*	Form of Change in Control/Severance Agreement between the Company and other executive officers.	Included as Exhibit 10.13 to Equity Residential's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001.

10.16	*	Form of First Amendment to Amended and Restated Change in Control/Severance Agreement with each executive officer.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2009.

10.17	*	Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and each trustee and executive officer.	Included as Exhibit 10.18 to Equity Residential's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003.

10.18	*	Form of Executive Retirement Benefits Agreement.	Included as Exhibit 10.24 to Equity Residential's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.

10.19	*	Retirement Benefits Agreement between Samuel Zell and the Company dated October 18, 2001.	Included as Exhibit 10.18 to Equity Residential's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001.

10.20	*	Age 62 Retirement Agreement, dated September 4, 2018, by and between Equity Residential and David J. Neithercut.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018.

10.21	*	Age 62 Retirement Agreement, dated February 27, 2020, by and between Equity Residential and Alan W. George.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020.

10.22	*	The Equity Residential Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan as Amended and Restated effective April 1, 2017.	Included as Exhibit 10.2 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017.

10.23	*	Amendment to the Equity Residential Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, effective as of June 1, 2020.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020.

10.24	*	Amendment to the Equity Residential Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, effective as of October 1, 2022.	Included as Exhibit 10.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022.

10.25	*	The Equity Residential Grandfathered Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan as Amended and Restated effective January 1, 2005.	Included as Exhibit 10.2 to Equity Residential's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008.

10.26		Distribution Agreement, dated May 18, 2022.	Included as Exhibit 1.1 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated and filed on May 18, 2022.

10.27		Form of Master Forward Sale Confirmation.	Included as Exhibit 1.2 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated and filed on May 18, 2022.

10.28		Archstone Residual JV, LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement.	Included as Exhibit 10.3 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated February 27, 2013, filed on February 28, 2013.

10.29		Archstone Parallel Residual JV, LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement.	Included as Exhibit 10.4 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated February 27, 2013, filed on February 28, 2013.

10.30		Archstone Parallel Residual JV 2, LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement.	Included as Exhibit 10.5 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated February 27, 2013, filed on February 28, 2013.

10.31		Legacy Holdings JV, LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement.	Included as Exhibit 10.6 to Equity Residential's and ERP Operating Limited Partnership's Form 8-K dated February 27, 2013, filed on February 28, 2013.

21		List of Subsidiaries of Equity Residential and ERP Operating Limited Partnership.	Attached herein.

23.1		Consent of Ernst & Young LLP - Equity Residential.	Attached herein.

23.2		Consent of Ernst & Young LLP - ERP Operating Limited Partnership.	Attached herein.

24		Power of Attorney.	See the signature page to this report.

31.1		Equity Residential - Certification of Mark J. Parrell, Chief Executive Officer.	Attached herein.

31.2		Equity Residential - Certification of Robert A. Garechana, Chief Financial Officer.	Attached herein.

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31.3	ERP Operating Limited Partnership - Certification of Mark J. Parrell, Chief Executive Officer of Registrant's General Partner.	Attached herein.

31.4	ERP Operating Limited Partnership - Certification of Robert A. Garechana, Chief Financial Officer of Registrant's General Partner.	Attached herein.

32.1	Equity Residential - Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of Mark J. Parrell, Chief Executive Officer of the Company.	Attached herein.

32.2	Equity Residential - Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of Robert A. Garechana, Chief Financial Officer of the Company.	Attached herein.

32.3	ERP Operating Limited Partnership - Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of Mark J. Parrell, Chief Executive Officer of Registrant's General Partner.	Attached herein.

32.4	ERP Operating Limited Partnership - Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, of Robert A. Garechana, Chief Financial Officer of Registrant's General Partner.	Attached herein.

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

*Management contracts and compensatory plans or arrangements filed as exhibits to this report are identified by an asterisk.

**Filed on paper – hyperlink is not required pursuant to Rule 105 of Regulation S-T.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

		By:		/s/ Mark J. Parrell
				Mark J. Parrell President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

		Date:		February 16, 2023

		ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP BY: EQUITY RESIDENTIAL ITS GENERAL PARTNER

		By:		/s/ Mark J. Parrell
				Mark J. Parrell President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

		Date:		February 16, 2023

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN/WOMEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below, hereby constitutes and appoints Mark J. Parrell, Robert A. Garechana and Ian S. Kaufman, or any of them, his or her attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution for him or her in any and all capacities, to do all acts and things which said attorneys and agents, or any of them, deem advisable to enable the company to comply with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any requirements or regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission in respect thereof, in connection with the company’s filing of an annual report on Form 10-K for the company’s fiscal year 2022, including specifically, but without limitation of the general authority hereby granted, the power and authority to sign his or her name as a trustee or officer, or both, of the company, as indicated below opposite his or her signature, to the Form 10-K, and any amendment thereto; and each of the undersigned does hereby fully ratify and confirm all that said attorneys and agents, or any of them, or the substitute of any of them, shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of each registrant and in the capacities set forth below and on the dates indicated:


Name	Title	Date

/s/ Mark J. Parrell	President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee	February 16, 2023
Mark J. Parrell	(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Robert A. Garechana	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer	February 16, 2023
Robert A. Garechana	(Principal Financial Officer)

/s/ Ian S. Kaufman	Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer	February 16, 2023
Ian S. Kaufman	(Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/ Angela M. Aman	Trustee	February 16, 2023
Angela M. Aman

/s/ Linda Walker Bynoe	Trustee	February 16, 2023
Linda Walker Bynoe

/s/ Mary Kay Haben	Trustee	February 16, 2023
Mary Kay Haben

/s/ T. Zia Huque	Trustee	February 16, 2023
T. Zia Huque

/s/ John E. Neal	Trustee	February 16, 2023
John E. Neal

/s/ David J. Neithercut	Trustee	February 16, 2023
David J. Neithercut

/s/ Mark S. Shapiro	Trustee	February 16, 2023
Mark S. Shapiro

/s/ Stephen E. Sterrett	Trustee	February 16, 2023
Stephen E. Sterrett

/s/ Samuel Zell	Chairman of the Board of Trustees	February 16, 2023
Samuel Zell

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP


		PAGE

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FILED AS PART OF THIS REPORT

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on the Financial Statements (Equity Residential)		F-2 to F-3

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on the Financial Statements (ERP Operating Limited Partnership)		F-4 to F-5

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (Equity Residential)		F-6

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (ERP Operating Limited Partnership)		F-7

Financial Statements of Equity Residential:

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021		F-8

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020		F-9 to F-10

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020		F-11 to F-13

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020		F-14 to F-15

Financial Statements of ERP Operating Limited Partnership:

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2021		F-16

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020		F-17 to F-18

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020		F-19 to F-21

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Capital for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020		F-22 to F-23

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Equity Residential and ERP Operating Limited Partnership		F-24 to F-56

SCHEDULE FILED AS PART OF THIS REPORT

Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation of Equity Residential and ERP Operating Limited Partnership		S-1 to S-12

All other schedules have been omitted because they are inapplicable, not required or the information is included elsewhere in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Trustees of Equity Residential

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Equity Residential (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 16, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.


	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Description of the Matter	At December 31, 2022, the Company’s net investment in real estate was approximately $19.1 billion. As more fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company periodically evaluates its long-lived assets, including its investment in real estate, for impairment. The judgments and assumptions regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on factors such as operational performance, market conditions, legal and environmental concerns, the Company’s intent and ability to hold the related asset, as well as any significant cost overruns on development properties. If the expected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the long-lived asset, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying amount. Auditing the Company's process to evaluate indicators of impairment was complex due to a high degree of subjectivity in the identification of events or changes in circumstances that may indicate impairment was present. Changes in these judgments could have a material impact on the Company’s analysis.

F-2

Table of Contents

How We 
Addressed the
Matter in 
Our Audit

We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s long-lived asset impairment evaluation, including controls over management’s determination and review of the significant assumptions used in the analyses described above.
We performed audit procedures that included, among others, evaluating the judgments used by management to identify whether indicators of impairment were present and testing the significant assumptions and completeness and accuracy of market and operating data used by the Company in its analyses.  We reviewed costs incurred on development properties.  We compared the significant assumptions used by management to current market data and performed sensitivity analyses of certain significant assumptions, such as market capitalization rates.  We also held discussions with management and read the minutes of meetings of the Board of Trustees and related committees to understand whether there were any changes in management’s operating and development plans that would result in the disposal of a property significantly before the end of its useful life.


		/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
		ERNST & YOUNG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1996.
Chicago, Illinois
February 16, 2023

F-3

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Partners of ERP Operating Limited Partnership

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ERP Operating Limited Partnership (the Operating Partnership) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in capital and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Operating Partnership at December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 16, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Operating Partnership’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Operating Partnership’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Operating Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

Critical Audit Matter


	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Description of the Matter	At December 31, 2022, the Operating Partnership’s net investment in real estate was approximately $19.1 billion. As more fully described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Operating Partnership periodically evaluates its long-lived assets, including its investment in real estate, for impairment. The judgments and assumptions regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on factors such as operational performance, market conditions, legal and environmental concerns, the Operating Partnership’s intent and ability to hold the related asset, as well as any significant cost overruns on development properties. If the expected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the long-lived asset, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying amount. Auditing the Operating Partnership's process to evaluate indicators of impairment was complex due to a high degree of subjectivity in the identification of events or changes in circumstances that may indicate impairment was present. Changes in these judgments could have a material impact on the Operating Partnership’s analysis.

F-4

Table of Contents

How We 
Addressed the
Matter in 
Our Audit

We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Operating Partnership’s long-lived asset impairment evaluation, including controls over management’s determination and review of the significant assumptions used in the analyses described above.
We performed audit procedures that included, among others, evaluating the judgments used by management to identify whether indicators of impairment were present and testing the significant assumptions and completeness and accuracy of market and operating data used by the Operating Partnership in its analyses.  We reviewed costs incurred on development properties.  We compared the significant assumptions used by management to current market data and performed sensitivity analyses of certain significant assumptions, such as market capitalization rates.  We also held discussions with management and read the minutes of meetings of the Board of Trustees and related committees to understand whether there were any changes in management’s operating and development plans that would result in the disposal of a property significantly before the end of its useful life.  


		/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
		ERNST & YOUNG LLP
We have served as the Operating Partnership’s auditor since 1996.
Chicago, Illinois
February 16, 2023

F-5

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Trustees of Equity Residential

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Equity Residential’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Equity Residential (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) and our report dated February 16, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and trustees of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.


		/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
		ERNST & YOUNG LLP

Chicago, Illinois
February 16, 2023

F-6

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Partners of ERP Operating Limited Partnership

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited ERP Operating Limited Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, ERP Operating Limited Partnership (the Operating Partnership) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Operating Partnership as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in capital and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) and our report dated February 16, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Operating Partnership’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Operating Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting


		/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
		ERNST & YOUNG LLP

Chicago, Illinois
February 16, 2023

F-7

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands except for share amounts)


	December 31,			December 31,
	2022			2021
ASSETS
Land	$	5,580,878		$	5,814,790
Depreciable property		22,334,369			22,370,811
Projects under development		112,940			24,307
Land held for development		60,567			62,998
Investment in real estate		28,088,754			28,272,906
Accumulated depreciation		(9,027,850	)		(8,354,282	)
Investment in real estate, net		19,060,904			19,918,624
Investments in unconsolidated entities		279,024			127,448
Cash and cash equivalents		53,869			123,832
Restricted deposits		83,303			236,404
Right-of-use assets		462,956			474,713
Other assets		278,206			288,220
Total assets	$	20,218,262		$	21,169,241

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Mortgage notes payable, net	$	1,953,438		$	2,191,201
Notes, net		5,342,329			5,835,222
Line of credit and commercial paper		129,955			315,030
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		96,028			107,013
Accrued interest payable		66,310			69,510
Lease liabilities		308,748			312,335
Other liabilities		306,941			353,102
Security deposits		68,940			66,141
Distributions payable		244,621			233,502
Total liabilities		8,517,310			9,483,056

Commitments and contingencies

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership		318,273			498,977
Equity:
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred Shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 745,600 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021		37,280			37,280
Common Shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 378,429,708 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 375,527,195 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021		3,784			3,755
Paid in capital		9,476,085			9,121,122
Retained earnings		1,658,837			1,827,063
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(2,547	)		(34,272	)
Total shareholders’ equity		11,173,439			10,954,948
Noncontrolling Interests:
Operating Partnership		209,961			214,094
Partially Owned Properties		(721	)		18,166
Total Noncontrolling Interests		209,240			232,260
Total equity		11,382,679			11,187,208
Total liabilities and equity	$	20,218,262		$	21,169,241

See accompanying notes

F-8

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Amounts in thousands except per share data)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
REVENUES
Rental income	$	2,735,180		$	2,463,997		$	2,571,705

EXPENSES
Property and maintenance		483,865			453,532			440,998
Real estate taxes and insurance		388,412			397,105			381,562
Property management		110,304			98,155			93,825
General and administrative		58,710			56,506			48,305
Depreciation		882,168			838,272			820,832
Total expenses		1,923,459			1,843,570			1,785,522

Net gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties		304,325			1,072,183			531,807
Impairment		—			(16,769	)		—

Operating income		1,116,046			1,675,841			1,317,990

Interest and other income		2,193			25,666			5,935
Other expenses		(13,664	)		(19,275	)		(17,510	)
Interest:
Expense incurred, net		(282,920	)		(272,473	)		(365,073	)
Amortization of deferred financing costs		(8,729	)		(8,737	)		(8,939	)
Income before income and other taxes, income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated entities and net gain (loss) on sales of land parcels		812,926			1,401,022			932,403
Income and other tax (expense) benefit		(900	)		(915	)		(852	)
Income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated entities		(5,031	)		(3,398	)		(3,284	)
Net gain (loss) on sales of land parcels		—			5			34,234
Net income		806,995			1,396,714			962,501
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests:
Operating Partnership		(26,310	)		(45,900	)		(34,010	)
Partially Owned Properties		(3,774	)		(17,964	)		(14,855	)
Net income attributable to controlling interests		776,911			1,332,850			913,636
Preferred distributions		(3,090	)		(3,090	)		(3,090	)
Net income available to Common Shares	$	773,821		$	1,329,760		$	910,546

Earnings per share – basic:
Net income available to Common Shares	$	2.06		$	3.56		$	2.45
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding		376,209			373,833			371,791

Earnings per share – diluted:
Net income available to Common Shares	$	2.05		$	3.54		$	2.45
Weighted average Common Shares outstanding		389,450			388,089			385,874

See accompanying notes

F-9

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands except per share data)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Comprehensive income:
Net income	$	806,995		$	1,396,714		$	962,501
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss) – derivative instruments:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the year		20,654			—			(1,190	)
Losses reclassified into earnings from other comprehensive income		11,071			9,394			35,087
Other comprehensive income (loss)		31,725			9,394			33,897
Comprehensive income		838,720			1,406,108			996,398
Comprehensive (income) attributable to Noncontrolling Interests		(31,132	)		(64,183	)		(50,084	)
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interests	$	807,588		$	1,341,925		$	946,314

See accompanying notes

F-10

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	806,995		$	1,396,714		$	962,501
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		882,168			838,272			820,832
Amortization of deferred financing costs		8,729			8,737			8,939
Amortization of above/below market lease intangibles		—			(154	)		(71	)
Amortization of discounts and premiums on debt		5,004			5,302			5,231
Amortization of deferred settlements on derivative instruments		11,059			9,382			35,075
Amortization of right-of-use assets		12,157			13,266			11,682
Impairment		—			16,769			—
Write-off of pursuit costs		4,780			6,526			6,869
(Income) loss from investments in unconsolidated entities		5,031			3,398			3,284
Distributions from unconsolidated entities – return on capital		398			56			100
Net (gain) loss on sales of real estate properties		(304,325	)		(1,072,183	)		(531,807	)
Net (gain) loss on sales of land parcels		—			(5	)		(34,234	)
Net (gain) loss on debt extinguishment		—			—			26,150
Realized/unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments		—			—			50
Realized (gain) loss on sale of investment securities		(2,061	)		(23,432	)		—
Compensation paid with Company Common Shares		29,513			27,810			23,174
Other operating activities, net		—			—			1,805
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in other assets		10,893			5,906			(53,021	)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses		(266	)		15,381			470
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable		(3,200	)		3,614			(956	)
Increase (decrease) in lease liabilities		(1,524	)		(5,122	)		(2,204	)
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities		(13,394	)		4,286			(8,751	)
Increase (decrease) in security deposits		2,799			5,661			(9,582	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		1,454,756			1,260,184			1,265,536
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Investment in real estate – acquisitions		(113,046	)		(1,712,131	)		(48,898	)
Investment in real estate – development/other		(109,345	)		(206,421	)		(230,332	)
Capital expenditures to real estate		(221,086	)		(151,019	)		(135,979	)
Non-real estate capital additions		(4,050	)		(1,696	)		(20,100	)
Interest capitalized for real estate and unconsolidated entities under development		(7,105	)		(15,932	)		(10,165	)
Proceeds from disposition of real estate, net		720,302			1,707,747			1,113,972
Investments in unconsolidated entities – acquisitions		(49,855	)		(48,534	)		—
Investments in unconsolidated entities – development/other		(109,846	)		(31,257	)		(5,775	)
Distributions from unconsolidated entities – return of capital		300			1,516			1,636
Purchase of investment securities and other investments		(2,061	)		(168,291	)		(773	)
Proceeds from sale of investment securities		3,584			191,398			—
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities		107,792			(434,620	)		663,586

See accompanying notes

F-11

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Debt financing costs	$	(9,894	)	$	(6,446	)	$	(2,923	)
Mortgage notes payable, net:
Proceeds		48,054			58,428			519,204
Lump sum payoffs		(286,461	)		(156,815	)		(160,522	)
Scheduled principal repayments		(3,392	)		(7,465	)		(7,759	)
Net gain (loss) on debt extinguishment		—			—			(327	)
Notes, net:
Proceeds		—			497,470			—
Lump sum payoffs		(500,000	)		—			(750,000	)
Net gain (loss) on debt extinguishment		—			—			(25,823	)
Line of credit and commercial paper:
Line of credit proceeds		—			10,000			1,870,000
Line of credit repayments		—			(10,000	)		(1,890,000	)
Commercial paper proceeds		6,036,083			7,590,200			7,450,997
Commercial paper repayments		(6,221,158	)		(7,690,000	)		(8,034,000	)
Proceeds from (payments on) settlement of derivative instruments		—			—			(1,240	)
Finance ground lease principal payments		(2,463	)		(365	)		—
Proceeds from sale of Common Shares		139,623			—			—
Proceeds from Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP)		4,178			4,265			4,508
Proceeds from exercise of options		25,069			85,445			12,275
Payment of offering costs		(783	)		(428	)		—
Other financing activities, net		(63	)		(63	)		(63	)
Acquisition of Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(32,178	)		—			—
Contributions – Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		603			1,394			417
Contributions – Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership		1			—			13
Distributions:
Common Shares		(931,783	)		(900,468	)		(883,938	)
Preferred Shares		(2,318	)		(3,090	)		(3,090	)
Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership		(30,324	)		(31,316	)		(32,403	)
Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(18,406	)		(5,802	)		(11,719	)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities		(1,785,612	)		(565,056	)		(1,946,393	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits		(223,064	)		260,508			(17,271	)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, beginning of year		360,236			99,728			116,999
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, end of year	$	137,172		$	360,236		$	99,728

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, end of year
Cash and cash equivalents	$	53,869		$	123,832		$	42,591
Restricted deposits		83,303			236,404			57,137
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, end of year	$	137,172		$	360,236		$	99,728

See accompanying notes

F-12

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized	$	267,612		$	252,838		$	320,854
Net cash paid (received) for income and other taxes	$	748		$	1,179		$	(1,038	)
Amortization of deferred financing costs:
Investment in real estate, net	$	(506	)	$	(353	)	$	(240	)
Other assets	$	2,768		$	2,338		$	2,338
Mortgage notes payable, net	$	2,080		$	2,743		$	1,815
Notes, net	$	4,387		$	4,009		$	5,026
Amortization of discounts and premiums on debt:
Mortgage notes payable, net	$	2,184		$	2,764		$	2,234
Notes, net	$	2,820		$	2,538		$	2,997
Amortization of deferred settlements on derivative instruments:
Other liabilities	$	(12	)	$	(12	)	$	(12	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	11,071		$	9,394		$	35,087
Write-off of pursuit costs:
Investment in real estate, net	$	1,150		$	5,918		$	6,566
Investments in unconsolidated entities	$	2,898		$	—		$	—
Other assets	$	732		$	582		$	271
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	—		$	26		$	32
(Income) loss from investments in unconsolidated entities:
Investments in unconsolidated entities	$	3,778		$	2,122		$	1,995
Other liabilities	$	1,253		$	1,276		$	1,289
Realized/unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments:
Other assets	$	(21,865	)	$	—		$	—
Other liabilities	$	1,211		$	—		$	1,240
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	20,654		$	—		$	(1,190	)
Interest capitalized for real estate and unconsolidated entities under development:
Investment in real estate, net	$	(2,365	)	$	(15,318	)	$	(10,165	)
Investments in unconsolidated entities	$	(4,740	)	$	(614	)	$	—
Investments in unconsolidated entities – development/other:
Investment in real estate, net	$	—		$	1,395		$	—
Investments in unconsolidated entities	$	(108,556	)	$	(30,642	)	$	(4,275	)
Other liabilities	$	(1,290	)	$	(2,010	)	$	(1,500	)
Debt financing costs:
Other assets	$	(9,566	)	$	229		$	(231	)
Mortgage notes payable, net	$	(228	)	$	(2,344	)	$	(2,692	)
Notes, net	$	(100	)	$	(4,331	)	$	—
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities initial measurement and reclassifications:
Right-of-use assets	$	(400	)	$	11,308		$	—
Lease liabilities	$	400		$	(11,308	)	$	—
Non-cash share distribution and other transfers from unconsolidated entities:
Investments in unconsolidated entities	$	4,201		$	1,430		$	—
Other assets	$	(4,201	)	$	(1,430	)	$	—

See accompanying notes

F-13

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(Amounts in thousands except per share data)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
PREFERRED SHARES
Balance, beginning of year	$	37,280		$	37,280		$	37,280
Balance, end of year	$	37,280		$	37,280		$	37,280
COMMON SHARES, $0.01 PAR VALUE
Balance, beginning of year	$	3,755		$	3,723		$	3,717
Conversion of OP Units into Common Shares		4			13			1
Issuance of Common Shares		17			—			—
Exercise of share options		5			17			2
Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP)		1			1			1
Share-based employee compensation expense:
Restricted shares		2			1			2
Balance, end of year	$	3,784		$	3,755		$	3,723
PAID IN CAPITAL
Balance, beginning of year	$	9,121,122		$	9,128,599		$	8,965,577
Common Share Issuance:
Conversion of OP Units into Common Shares		11,919			74,050			4,695
Issuance of Common Shares		139,606			—			—
Exercise of share options		25,064			85,428			12,273
Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP)		4,177			4,264			4,507
Share-based employee compensation expense:
Restricted shares		11,593			8,388			11,223
Share options		2,321			3,101			2,349
ESPP discount		796			991			944
Offering costs		(783	)		(428	)		—
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP)		(269	)		(1,335	)		(395	)
Acquisition of Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(27,383	)		—			—
Change in market value of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership		176,490			(158,598	)		125,224
Adjustment for Noncontrolling Interests ownership in Operating Partnership		11,432			(23,338	)		2,202
Balance, end of year	$	9,476,085		$	9,121,122		$	9,128,599
RETAINED EARNINGS
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,827,063		$	1,399,715		$	1,386,495
Net income attributable to controlling interests		776,911			1,332,850			913,636
Common Share distributions		(942,047	)		(902,412	)		(897,326	)
Preferred Share distributions		(3,090	)		(3,090	)		(3,090	)
Balance, end of year	$	1,658,837		$	1,827,063		$	1,399,715
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Balance, beginning of year	$	(34,272	)	$	(43,666	)	$	(77,563	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) – derivative instruments:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the year		20,654			—			(1,190	)
Losses reclassified into earnings from other comprehensive income		11,071			9,394			35,087
Balance, end of year	$	(2,547	)	$	(34,272	)	$	(43,666	)

DISTRIBUTIONS
Distributions declared per Common Share outstanding	$	2.50		$	2.41		$	2.41

See accompanying notes

F-14

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands except per share data)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
OPERATING PARTNERSHIP
Balance, beginning of year	$	214,094		$	233,162		$	227,837
Issuance of restricted units to Noncontrolling Interests		1			—			13
Conversion of OP Units held by Noncontrolling Interests into OP Units held by General Partner		(11,923	)		(74,063	)		(4,696	)
Equity compensation associated with Noncontrolling Interests		19,104			17,797			11,926
Net income attributable to Noncontrolling Interests		26,310			45,900			34,010
Distributions to Noncontrolling Interests		(30,407	)		(30,612	)		(32,951	)
Change in carrying value of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership		4,214			(1,428	)		(775	)
Adjustment for Noncontrolling Interests ownership in Operating Partnership		(11,432	)		23,338			(2,202	)
Balance, end of year	$	209,961		$	214,094		$	233,162
PARTIALLY OWNED PROPERTIES
Balance, beginning of year	$	18,166		$	4,673		$	1,183
Net income attributable to Noncontrolling Interests		3,774			17,964			14,855
Contributions by Noncontrolling Interests		603			1,394			417
Distributions to Noncontrolling Interests		(18,469	)		(5,865	)		(11,782	)
Acquisition of Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(4,795	)		—			—
Balance, end of year	$	(721	)	$	18,166		$	4,673

See accompanying notes

F-15

Table of Contents

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in thousands)


	December 31,			December 31,
	2022			2021
ASSETS
Land	$	5,580,878		$	5,814,790
Depreciable property		22,334,369			22,370,811
Projects under development		112,940			24,307
Land held for development		60,567			62,998
Investment in real estate		28,088,754			28,272,906
Accumulated depreciation		(9,027,850	)		(8,354,282	)
Investment in real estate, net		19,060,904			19,918,624
Investments in unconsolidated entities		279,024			127,448
Cash and cash equivalents		53,869			123,832
Restricted deposits		83,303			236,404
Right-of-use assets		462,956			474,713
Other assets		278,206			288,220
Total assets	$	20,218,262		$	21,169,241

LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL
Liabilities:
Mortgage notes payable, net	$	1,953,438		$	2,191,201
Notes, net		5,342,329			5,835,222
Line of credit and commercial paper		129,955			315,030
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		96,028			107,013
Accrued interest payable		66,310			69,510
Lease liabilities		308,748			312,335
Other liabilities		306,941			353,102
Security deposits		68,940			66,141
Distributions payable		244,621			233,502
Total liabilities		8,517,310			9,483,056

Commitments and contingencies

Redeemable Limited Partners		318,273			498,977
Capital:
Partners’ Capital:
Preference Units		37,280			37,280
General Partner		11,138,706			10,951,940
Limited Partners		209,961			214,094
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(2,547	)		(34,272	)
Total partners’ capital		11,383,400			11,169,042
Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(721	)		18,166
Total capital		11,382,679			11,187,208
Total liabilities and capital	$	20,218,262		$	21,169,241

See accompanying notes

F-16

Table of Contents

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Amounts in thousands except per Unit data)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
REVENUES
Rental income	$	2,735,180		$	2,463,997		$	2,571,705

EXPENSES
Property and maintenance		483,865			453,532			440,998
Real estate taxes and insurance		388,412			397,105			381,562
Property management		110,304			98,155			93,825
General and administrative		58,710			56,506			48,305
Depreciation		882,168			838,272			820,832
Total expenses		1,923,459			1,843,570			1,785,522

Net gain (loss) on sales of real estate properties		304,325			1,072,183			531,807
Impairment		—			(16,769	)		—

Operating income		1,116,046			1,675,841			1,317,990

Interest and other income		2,193			25,666			5,935
Other expenses		(13,664	)		(19,275	)		(17,510	)
Interest:
Expense incurred, net		(282,920	)		(272,473	)		(365,073	)
Amortization of deferred financing costs		(8,729	)		(8,737	)		(8,939	)
Income before income and other taxes, income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated entities and net gain (loss) on sales of land parcels		812,926			1,401,022			932,403
Income and other tax (expense) benefit		(900	)		(915	)		(852	)
Income (loss) from investments in unconsolidated entities		(5,031	)		(3,398	)		(3,284	)
Net gain (loss) on sales of land parcels		—			5			34,234
Net income		806,995			1,396,714			962,501
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(3,774	)		(17,964	)		(14,855	)
Net income attributable to controlling interests	$	803,221		$	1,378,750		$	947,646
ALLOCATION OF NET INCOME:
Preference Units	$	3,090		$	3,090		$	3,090

General Partner	$	773,821		$	1,329,760		$	910,546
Limited Partners		26,310			45,900			34,010
Net income available to Units	$	800,131		$	1,375,660		$	944,556

Earnings per Unit – basic:
Net income available to Units	$	2.06		$	3.56		$	2.45
Weighted average Units outstanding		388,045			386,096			384,794

Earnings per Unit – diluted:
Net income available to Units	$	2.05		$	3.54		$	2.45
Weighted average Units outstanding		389,450			388,089			385,874

See accompanying notes

F-17

Table of Contents

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands except per Unit data)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Comprehensive income:
Net income	$	806,995		$	1,396,714		$	962,501
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Other comprehensive income (loss) – derivative instruments:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the year		20,654			—			(1,190	)
Losses reclassified into earnings from other comprehensive income		11,071			9,394			35,087
Other comprehensive income (loss)		31,725			9,394			33,897
Comprehensive income		838,720			1,406,108			996,398
Comprehensive (income) attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(3,774	)		(17,964	)		(14,855	)
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interests	$	834,946		$	1,388,144		$	981,543

See accompanying notes

F-18

Table of Contents

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in thousands)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	806,995		$	1,396,714		$	962,501
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		882,168			838,272			820,832
Amortization of deferred financing costs		8,729			8,737			8,939
Amortization of above/below market lease intangibles		—			(154	)		(71	)
Amortization of discounts and premiums on debt		5,004			5,302			5,231
Amortization of deferred settlements on derivative instruments		11,059			9,382			35,075
Amortization of right-of-use assets		12,157			13,266			11,682
Impairment		—			16,769			—
Write-off of pursuit costs		4,780			6,526			6,869
(Income) loss from investments in unconsolidated entities		5,031			3,398			3,284
Distributions from unconsolidated entities – return on capital		398			56			100
Net (gain) loss on sales of real estate properties		(304,325	)		(1,072,183	)		(531,807	)
Net (gain) loss on sales of land parcels		—			(5	)		(34,234	)
Net (gain) loss on debt extinguishment		—			—			26,150
Realized/unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments		—			—			50
Realized (gain) loss on sale of investment securities		(2,061	)		(23,432	)		—
Compensation paid with Company Common Shares		29,513			27,810			23,174
Other operating activities, net		—			—			1,805
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in other assets		10,893			5,906			(53,021	)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses		(266	)		15,381			470
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable		(3,200	)		3,614			(956	)
Increase (decrease) in lease liabilities		(1,524	)		(5,122	)		(2,204	)
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities		(13,394	)		4,286			(8,751	)
Increase (decrease) in security deposits		2,799			5,661			(9,582	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		1,454,756			1,260,184			1,265,536
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Investment in real estate – acquisitions		(113,046	)		(1,712,131	)		(48,898	)
Investment in real estate – development/other		(109,345	)		(206,421	)		(230,332	)
Capital expenditures to real estate		(221,086	)		(151,019	)		(135,979	)
Non-real estate capital additions		(4,050	)		(1,696	)		(20,100	)
Interest capitalized for real estate and unconsolidated entities under development		(7,105	)		(15,932	)		(10,165	)
Proceeds from disposition of real estate, net		720,302			1,707,747			1,113,972
Investments in unconsolidated entities – acquisitions		(49,855	)		(48,534	)		—
Investments in unconsolidated entities – development/other		(109,846	)		(31,257	)		(5,775	)
Distributions from unconsolidated entities – return of capital		300			1,516			1,636
Purchase of investment securities and other investments		(2,061	)		(168,291	)		(773	)
Proceeds from sale of investment securities		3,584			191,398			—
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities		107,792			(434,620	)		663,586

See accompanying notes

F-19

Table of Contents

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Debt financing costs	$	(9,894	)	$	(6,446	)	$	(2,923	)
Mortgage notes payable, net:
Proceeds		48,054			58,428			519,204
Lump sum payoffs		(286,461	)		(156,815	)		(160,522	)
Scheduled principal repayments		(3,392	)		(7,465	)		(7,759	)
Net gain (loss) on debt extinguishment		—			—			(327	)
Notes, net:
Proceeds		—			497,470			—
Lump sum payoffs		(500,000	)		—			(750,000	)
Net gain (loss) on debt extinguishment		—			—			(25,823	)
Line of credit and commercial paper:
Line of credit proceeds		—			10,000			1,870,000
Line of credit repayments		—			(10,000	)		(1,890,000	)
Commercial paper proceeds		6,036,083			7,590,200			7,450,997
Commercial paper repayments		(6,221,158	)		(7,690,000	)		(8,034,000	)
Proceeds from (payments on) settlement of derivative instruments		—			—			(1,240	)
Finance ground lease principal payments		(2,463	)		(365	)		—
Proceeds from sale of OP Units		139,623			—			—
Proceeds from EQR’s Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP)		4,178			4,265			4,508
Proceeds from exercise of EQR options		25,069			85,445			12,275
Payment of offering costs		(783	)		(428	)		—
Other financing activities, net		(63	)		(63	)		(63	)
Acquisition of Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(32,178	)		—			—
Contributions – Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		603			1,394			417
Contributions – Limited Partners		1			—			13
Distributions:
OP Units – General Partner		(931,783	)		(900,468	)		(883,938	)
Preference Units		(2,318	)		(3,090	)		(3,090	)
OP Units – Limited Partners		(30,324	)		(31,316	)		(32,403	)
Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(18,406	)		(5,802	)		(11,719	)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities		(1,785,612	)		(565,056	)		(1,946,393	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits		(223,064	)		260,508			(17,271	)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, beginning of year		360,236			99,728			116,999
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, end of year	$	137,172		$	360,236		$	99,728

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, end of year
Cash and cash equivalents	$	53,869		$	123,832		$	42,591
Restricted deposits		83,303			236,404			57,137
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted deposits, end of year	$	137,172		$	360,236		$	99,728

See accompanying notes

F-20

Table of Contents

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized	$	267,612		$	252,838		$	320,854
Net cash paid (received) for income and other taxes	$	748		$	1,179		$	(1,038	)
Amortization of deferred financing costs:
Investment in real estate, net	$	(506	)	$	(353	)	$	(240	)
Other assets	$	2,768		$	2,338		$	2,338
Mortgage notes payable, net	$	2,080		$	2,743		$	1,815
Notes, net	$	4,387		$	4,009		$	5,026
Amortization of discounts and premiums on debt:
Mortgage notes payable, net	$	2,184		$	2,764		$	2,234
Notes, net	$	2,820		$	2,538		$	2,997
Amortization of deferred settlements on derivative instruments:
Other liabilities	$	(12	)	$	(12	)	$	(12	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	11,071		$	9,394		$	35,087
Write-off of pursuit costs:
Investment in real estate, net	$	1,150		$	5,918		$	6,566
Investments in unconsolidated entities	$	2,898		$	—		$	—
Other assets	$	732		$	582		$	271
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	—		$	26		$	32
(Income) loss from investments in unconsolidated entities:
Investments in unconsolidated entities	$	3,778		$	2,122		$	1,995
Other liabilities	$	1,253		$	1,276		$	1,289
Realized/unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments:
Other assets	$	(21,865	)	$	—		$	—
Other liabilities	$	1,211		$	—		$	1,240
Accumulated other comprehensive income	$	20,654		$	—		$	(1,190	)
Interest capitalized for real estate and unconsolidated entities under development:
Investment in real estate, net	$	(2,365	)	$	(15,318	)	$	(10,165	)
Investments in unconsolidated entities	$	(4,740	)	$	(614	)	$	—
Investments in unconsolidated entities – development/other:
Investment in real estate, net	$	—		$	1,395		$	—
Investments in unconsolidated entities	$	(108,556	)	$	(30,642	)	$	(4,275	)
Other liabilities	$	(1,290	)	$	(2,010	)	$	(1,500	)
Debt financing costs:
Other assets	$	(9,566	)	$	229		$	(231	)
Mortgage notes payable, net	$	(228	)	$	(2,344	)	$	(2,692	)
Notes, net	$	(100	)	$	(4,331	)	$	—
Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities initial measurement and reclassifications:
Right-of-use assets	$	(400	)	$	11,308		$	—
Lease liabilities	$	400		$	(11,308	)	$	—
Non-cash share distribution and other transfers from unconsolidated entities:
Investments in unconsolidated entities	$	4,201		$	1,430		$	—
Other assets	$	(4,201	)	$	(1,430	)	$	—

See accompanying notes

F-21

Table of Contents

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CAPITAL

(Amounts in thousands except per Unit data)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
PARTNERS’ CAPITAL
PREFERENCE UNITS
Balance, beginning of year	$	37,280		$	37,280		$	37,280
Balance, end of year	$	37,280		$	37,280		$	37,280
GENERAL PARTNER
Balance, beginning of year	$	10,951,940		$	10,532,037		$	10,355,789
OP Unit Issuance:
Conversion of OP Units held by Limited Partners into OP Units held by General Partner		11,923			74,063			4,696
Issuance of OP Units		139,623			—			—
Exercise of EQR share options		25,069			85,445			12,275
EQR’s Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP)		4,178			4,265			4,508
Share-based employee compensation expense:
EQR restricted shares		11,595			8,389			11,225
EQR share options		2,321			3,101			2,349
EQR ESPP discount		796			991			944
Net income available to Units – General Partner		773,821			1,329,760			910,546
OP Units – General Partner distributions		(942,047	)		(902,412	)		(897,326	)
Offering costs		(783	)		(428	)		—
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP)		(269	)		(1,335	)		(395	)
Acquisition of Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(27,383	)		—			—
Change in market value of Redeemable Limited Partners		176,490			(158,598	)		125,224
Adjustment for Limited Partners ownership in Operating Partnership		11,432			(23,338	)		2,202
Balance, end of year	$	11,138,706		$	10,951,940		$	10,532,037
LIMITED PARTNERS
Balance, beginning of year	$	214,094		$	233,162		$	227,837
Issuance of restricted units to Limited Partners		1			—			13
Conversion of OP Units held by Limited Partners into OP Units held by General Partner		(11,923	)		(74,063	)		(4,696	)
Equity compensation associated with Units – Limited Partners		19,104			17,797			11,926
Net income available to Units – Limited Partners		26,310			45,900			34,010
Units – Limited Partners distributions		(30,407	)		(30,612	)		(32,951	)
Change in carrying value of Redeemable Limited Partners		4,214			(1,428	)		(775	)
Adjustment for Limited Partners ownership in Operating Partnership		(11,432	)		23,338			(2,202	)
Balance, end of year	$	209,961		$	214,094		$	233,162
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Balance, beginning of year	$	(34,272	)	$	(43,666	)	$	(77,563	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) – derivative instruments:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the year		20,654			—			(1,190	)
Losses reclassified into earnings from other comprehensive income		11,071			9,394			35,087
Balance, end of year	$	(2,547	)	$	(34,272	)	$	(43,666	)

DISTRIBUTIONS
Distributions declared per Unit outstanding	$	2.50		$	2.41		$	2.41

See accompanying notes

F-22

Table of Contents

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CAPITAL (Continued)

(Amounts in thousands except per Unit data)


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS – PARTIALLY OWNED PROPERTIES
Balance, beginning of year	$	18,166		$	4,673		$	1,183
Net income attributable to Noncontrolling Interests		3,774			17,964			14,855
Contributions by Noncontrolling Interests		603			1,394			417
Distributions to Noncontrolling Interests		(18,469	)		(5,865	)		(11,782	)
Acquisition of Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(4,795	)		—			—
Balance, end of year	$	(721	)	$	18,166		$	4,673

See accompanying notes

F-23

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Business

Equity Residential (“EQR”) is an S&P 500 company focused on the acquisition, development and management of residential properties located in and around dynamic cities that attract affluent long-term renters, a business that is conducted on its behalf by ERP Operating Limited Partnership (“ERPOP”). EQR is a Maryland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) formed in March 1993 and ERPOP is an Illinois limited partnership formed in May 1993. References to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” mean collectively EQR, ERPOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by EQR and/or ERPOP. References to the “Operating Partnership” mean collectively ERPOP and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by ERPOP. Unless otherwise indicated, the notes to consolidated financial statements apply to both the Company and the Operating Partnership.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company, directly or indirectly through investments in title holding entities, owned all or a portion of 308 properties located in 10 states and the District of Columbia consisting of 79,597 apartment units. The ownership breakdown includes (table does not include any uncompleted development properties):


	Properties		Apartment Units
Wholly Owned Properties		293		76,483
Partially Owned Properties – Consolidated		15		3,114
		308		79,597

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Due to the Company’s ability as general partner to control either through ownership or by contract the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries, the Operating Partnership and each such subsidiary has been consolidated with the Company for financial reporting purposes, except for any unconsolidated properties/entities.

Real Estate Assets and Depreciation of Investment in Real Estate

The Company expects that substantially all of its acquisitions will be accounted for as asset acquisitions. In an asset acquisition, the Company is required to capitalize transaction costs and allocate the purchase price on a relative fair value basis (including any identified intangible assets). For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, all acquisitions were considered asset acquisitions.

In making estimates of relative fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, the Company utilizes a number of sources, including independent appraisals that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective property, our own analysis of recently acquired or developed and existing comparable properties in our portfolio and other market data. The Company also considers information obtained about each property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the relative fair value of the tangible and intangible assets/liabilities acquired. The Company allocates the purchase price of acquired real estate to various components as follows:

•

Land – Based on actual purchase price adjusted to an allocation of the relative fair value (as necessary) if acquired separately or market research/comparables if acquired with an operating property.

•

Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment – Based on an estimate of the allocation of the relative fair value of the appliances and fixtures inside an apartment unit. The per-apartment unit amount applied depends on the economic age of the apartment units acquired. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of five to ten years.

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•

Lease Intangibles – The Company considers the value of acquired in-place leases and above/below market leases and the amortization period is the average remaining term of each respective acquired lease.

•

Other Intangible Assets – The Company considers whether it has acquired other intangible assets, including any customer relationship intangibles and the amortization period is the estimated useful life of the acquired intangible asset.

•

Building – Based on the allocation of the relative fair value determined on an “as-if vacant” basis. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of thirty years.

•

Long-Term Debt – The Company calculates the allocation of the relative fair value by discounting the remaining contractual cash flows on each instrument at the current market rate for those borrowings.

Replacements inside an apartment unit such as appliances and carpeting are depreciated over an estimated useful life of five to ten years. Expenditures for ordinary maintenance and repairs are expensed to operations as incurred and significant renovations and building improvements that improve and/or extend the useful life of the asset are capitalized over their estimated useful life, generally five to fifteen years. Initial direct leasing costs are expensed as incurred as such expense approximates the deferral and amortization of initial direct leasing costs over the lease terms.

The Company classifies real estate assets as real estate held for sale when it is probable a property will be disposed of. The Company classifies properties under development and/or expansion and properties in the lease-up phase (including land) as construction-in-progress until construction has been completed and certificates of occupancy permits have been obtained.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

At least quarterly, the Company evaluates its long-lived assets, including its investment in real estate, for indicators of impairment. The judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on factors such as operational performance, market conditions, legal, regulatory and environmental concerns, the Company’s intent and ability to hold the related asset, as well as any significant cost overruns on development properties. Future events could occur which would cause the Company to conclude that impairment indicators exist and an impairment loss is warranted. If an impairment indicator exists, the Company performs the following:

•

For long-lived operating assets to be held and used, the Company compares the expected future undiscounted cash flows for the long-lived asset against the carrying amount of that asset. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, the Company would make an estimate of the fair value for the particular asset and would record an impairment loss for the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying amount of the asset. In determining the future undiscounted cash flows or the estimated fair value of an asset there is judgment in estimating the expected future rental revenues, operating expenses and discount and capitalization rates.

•

For long-lived non-operating assets (projects under development and land held for development), management evaluates major cost overruns, market conditions that could affect lease-up projections, intent and ability to hold the asset, and any other indicators of impairment. If any of the indicators were to suggest impairment was present, a recoverability analysis would be performed and the carrying value of the asset would be adjusted accordingly to fair value.

•

For long-lived assets to be disposed of, an impairment loss is recognized when the estimated fair value of the asset, less the estimated cost to sell, is less than the carrying amount of the asset measured at the time that the Company has determined it will sell the asset. Long-lived assets held for sale and the related liabilities are separately reported, with the long-lived assets reported at the lower of their carrying amounts or their estimated fair values, less their costs to sell, and are not depreciated after reclassification to real estate held for sale.

See Note 4 for further discussion of the Company’s impairment charge on a land parcel in 2021.

Impairment of Investments in Unconsolidated Entities and Other Investments

At least quarterly, the Company evaluates its investments in unconsolidated entities and other investments for indicators of other than temporary impairment, considering whether there has been a change to events or circumstances that would impact recoverability of the Company’s investment as well as any changes with regards to the Company's intent and ability to hold the investment to recover its carrying value.

Cost Capitalization

See the Real Estate Assets and Depreciation of Investment in Real Estate section for a discussion of the Company’s policy with respect to capitalization vs. expensing of fixed asset/repair and maintenance costs. For all development, capital and renovation projects,

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Table of Contents

the Company uses its professional judgment in determining whether such costs meet the criteria for capitalization or must be expensed as incurred. The Company capitalizes interest, real estate taxes and insurance, as well as payroll for those individuals directly responsible for and who spend their time on the execution and supervision of development activities. Additionally, the Company capitalizes payroll for those individuals directly responsible for and who spend their time on the execution and supervision of major capital and/or renovation projects. Capitalization ends when the asset, or a portion of the asset, is substantially completed and ready for its intended use. These costs are reflected on the balance sheets as increases to depreciable property and/or construction-in-progress.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company capitalized $15.6 million and $13.9 million, respectively, of payroll and associated costs of employees directly responsible for and who spend their time on the execution and supervision of development activities as well as major capital and/or renovation projects.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all demand deposits, money market accounts and investments in certificates of deposit with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents at financial institutions. The combined account balances at one or more institutions typically exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage, and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. The Company believes that the risk is not significant, as the Company does not anticipate the financial institutions’ non-performance.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The valuation of financial instruments requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the fair value of the instruments. The Company, where possible, bases the fair values of its financial instruments on listed market prices and third-party quotes. Where these are not available, the Company bases its estimates on current instruments with similar terms and maturities or on other factors relevant to the financial instruments.

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to the effect of interest rate changes. The Company may seek to manage these risks by following established risk management policies and procedures, including the use of derivatives to hedge interest rate risk on debt instruments. The Company may also use derivatives to manage commodity prices in the daily operations of the business.

The Company has a policy of only entering into derivative contracts with major financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors. When viewed in conjunction with the underlying and offsetting exposure that the derivatives are designed to hedge, the Company has not sustained a material loss from these instruments nor does it anticipate any material adverse effect on its net income or financial position in the future.

The Company recognizes all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and measures those instruments at fair value. In addition, fair value adjustments will affect either shareholders’ equity/partners’ capital or net income depending on whether the derivative instruments qualify as a hedge for accounting purposes and, if so, the nature of the hedging activity. When the terms of an underlying transaction are modified, or when the underlying transaction is terminated or completed, all changes in the fair value of the instrument are marked-to-market with changes in value included in net income each period until the instrument matures. Any derivative instrument used for risk management that does not meet the hedging criteria is marked-to-market each period. The Company does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. See Note 10 for additional derivatives discussion.

Leases and Revenue Recognition

Rental income attributable to residential leases is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease when reasonably assured they are collectible, which is not materially different than if it were recorded when due from residents and recognized monthly as it was earned. Residential apartment leases may include lease income related to such items as utility recoveries, parking rent, storage rent and pet rent that the Company treats as a single lease component because the amenities cannot be leased on their own and the timing and pattern of revenue recognition are the same. Leases entered into between a resident and a property for the rental of an apartment unit are generally year-to-year, renewable upon consent of both parties on an annual or monthly basis.

Rental income attributable to non-residential leases is also recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease when reasonably assured they are collectible. Non-residential leases may include lease income related to such items as utility recoveries, parking rent and storage rent that the Company treats as a single lease component because the amenities cannot be leased on their own and the timing and pattern of revenue recognition are the same. Non-residential leases generally have five to ten year lease terms with market-based renewal options and consist of ground floor retail spaces and master-leased parking garages that serve as additional amenities for our residents.

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The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from residential, non-residential and other lease income. Our revenue streams have the same timing and pattern of revenue recognition across our reportable segments, with consistent allocations between the lease and revenue recognition standards. The Company elected an accounting policy to account for both its lease and non-lease components (specifically common area maintenance charges) as a single lease component under the lease standard.

The Company is a lessor for its residential and non-residential leases and is a lessee for its corporate headquarters and regional offices and ground leases for land underlying current operating properties or projects under development. If applicable, lease agreements must be evaluated to determine the accounting treatment as a finance or operating lease in accordance with the lease standard.

The lease standard also requires lessees to recognize on the balance sheet: (a) a liability for the lease obligation (initially measured at the present value of the future lease payments not yet paid over the lease term); and (b) an asset for its right to use the underlying asset (initially equal to the lease liability). The Company uses estimates and judgments on the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the future lease payments. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate because the Company typically cannot readily determine the rate implicit in the lease. Since the Company’s credit backs the corporate office lease obligations and the lease terms are generally ten years or less, the discount rate range was estimated by using the Company’s borrowing rates for actual pricing data. The discount rate range for ground leases takes into account various factors, including the longer life of the ground leases, and was estimated by using the Company’s borrowing rates for actual pricing data through 30 years and other long-term market rates.

The Company’s revenue streams that are not accounted for under the lease standard include:

•

Parking revenue – The Company’s parking revenue, not related to leasing, is derived primarily from monthly and transient daily parking and is accounted for at the point in time when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer and our performance obligation is satisfied.

•

Other rental and non-rental related revenue – The Company receives other income, including, but not limited to: (a) ancillary income, such as laundry, renters insurance and cable income; (b) net settlement income; and (c) miscellaneous fee income.

•

Fee and asset management revenue and interest income – The Company’s fee and asset management revenue and interest income are recorded on an accrual basis.

•

Gains or losses on sales of real estate properties – The Company accounts for the sale of real estate properties and any related gain recognition in accordance with the accounting guidance applicable to sales of real estate, which establishes standards for recognition of profit on all real estate sales transactions. The Company recognizes the sale and associated gain or loss from the disposition when control transfers to unrelated third parties, contingencies have been removed and sufficient cash consideration has been received by the Company.

See Note 8 for the Company’s rental income detail allocated between the lease and revenue recognition standards.

The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts (which offsets accounts receivable and is included within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets) and bad debts (which reduce rental income on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income) have historically been very modest, particularly in our residential business, given the quality of our resident base and asset class. However, due to the impact of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic and extended eviction moratoriums enacted during the pandemic, the allowance for doubtful accounts and bad debts became elevated during 2020 and remained elevated in 2021 and 2022. In accordance with the lease standard, if we determine the lease payments are not probable of collection (based on known troubled accounts, rent deferral plans granted, historical experience and other currently available evidence), we fully reserve for any unpaid amounts, deferred rent receivable, variable lease payments and straight-line receivable balances and recognize rental income only if cash is received. If the Company’s estimates of collectibility differ from the cash received, then the timing and amount of the Company’s reported revenue could be impacted. See Note 8 for additional details.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company expenses share-based compensation for employee and trustee grants of restricted shares, restricted units and share options. Any common share of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value per share (the “Common Shares”), issued pursuant to EQR’s incentive equity compensation and employee share purchase plans will result in ERPOP issuing units of partnership interest (“OP Units”) to EQR on a one-for-one basis, with ERPOP receiving the net cash proceeds of such issuances. See Note 12 for further discussion.

Income and Other Taxes

EQR has elected to be taxed as a REIT. This, along with the nature of the operations of its operating properties, resulted in no provision for federal income taxes at the EQR level. In addition, ERPOP generally is not liable for federal income taxes as the partners should recognize their allocable share of income or loss in their tax returns; therefore no provision for federal income taxes has been made at the ERPOP level. Historically, the Company has generally only incurred certain state and local income, excise and franchise

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taxes. The Company has elected taxable REIT subsidiary status for certain of its corporate subsidiaries and, as a result, these entities will incur both federal and state income taxes on any taxable income of such entities after consideration of any net operating losses.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) included tax provisions which increased allowable interest expense deductions for 2020 (no increases for 2021 and 2022) and increased the ability for taxpayers to use net operating losses. These provisions did not result in a material impact to the Company’s taxable income or tax liabilities.

The CARES Act also allowed corporations to request accelerated refunds of their alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) credit. Prior to enactment of this provision, the remaining credits would have been refunded in installments in 2020, 2021 and 2022. We received a refund of our remaining $1.6 million in AMT credits during the year ended December 31, 2020.

The Company’s provision for income and other tax expense (benefit) was as follows for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
State and local income, franchise and excise tax (benefit)	$	900	$	915	$	852
Income and other tax expense (benefit) (1)	$	900	$	915	$	852

(1)

All provisions for income tax amounts are current and none are deferred.

During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the tax character of the Company’s dividends and distributions were as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022 (1)		2021 (2)		2020 (3)
Tax character of dividends and distributions:
Ordinary dividends	$	1.75466	$	1.40791	$	1.34739
Long-term capital gain		0.42850		0.73687		0.77923
Unrecaptured section 1250 gain		0.29434		0.26522		0.24838
Dividends and distributions per
Common Share/Unit outstanding	$	2.47750	$	2.41000	$	2.37500

(1)

The Company’s fourth quarter 2022 dividends and distributions of $0.625 per Common Share/Unit outstanding will be included as taxable income in calendar year 2023.

(2)

The Company’s fourth quarter 2021 dividends and distributions of $0.6025 per Common Share/Unit outstanding was included as taxable income in calendar year 2022.

(3)

The Company’s fourth quarter 2020 dividends and distributions of $0.6025 per Common Share/Unit outstanding was included as taxable income in calendar year 2021.

The Company issued Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Form 1099-DIV to shareholders to report the tax character of Company distributions consistent with these amounts. The Company provides additional information to assist shareholders in the preparation of their tax returns. For 2022, the Company reported an AMT preference adjustment equal to $(0.01) per share and disclosed amounts defined under Treasury Regulation §1.1061-6(c) as “One Year Amounts Disclosure” and “Three Year Amounts Disclosure” equal to $0.00979 per share and $0.00000 per share, respectively.

Principles of Consolidation

The Company may hold an interest in subsidiaries, partnerships, joint ventures and other similar entities and accounts for these interests in accordance with the consolidation guidance. The Company first determines whether to consolidate the entity as a variable interest entity (“VIE”) or voting interest entity, or to account for the interest under the equity method of accounting as an unconsolidated entity. In situations in which we have concluded that an entity qualifies as a VIE, it is generally because the equity investors of VIEs do not have sufficient equity at risk to finance their activities without additional subordinated financial support or do not have substantive voting rights. The Company consolidates an entity when it is considered to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE or when it controls the entity through ownership of a majority voting interest. A primary beneficiary has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s performance and has the obligation to absorb the expected losses or the right to receive the expected residual returns that could potentially be significant to the VIE. In evaluating whether the entity is a VIE and/or the Company is the primary beneficiary of the entity, the Company considers several factors, including, but not limited to, proportionate share or ownership of the VIE, funding and financing sources, the business purpose of the entity, related parties, developer and property management fees and agreement terms regarding major decisions, participating and voting rights, contributions and distributions.

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Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

The Company accounts for investments in unconsolidated entities under the equity method of accounting and measures the investments initially at cost. The Company subsequently adjusts the carrying amount by additional cash and non-cash contributions and distributions and its proportionate share of the earnings and losses of such entities. The proportionate share of the earnings and losses are also recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. In addition, we may earn fees for providing property management services or construction oversight.

Noncontrolling Interests

A noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary (minority interest) is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial statements and separate from the parent company’s equity. In addition, consolidated net income is required to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both the parent and the noncontrolling interest and the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and the noncontrolling interest are required to be disclosed on the face of the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. See Note 3 for further discussion.

Operating Partnership: Net income is allocated to noncontrolling interests based on their respective ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership. The ownership percentage is calculated by dividing the number of OP Units held by the noncontrolling interests by the total OP Units held by the noncontrolling interests and EQR. Issuance of additional Common Shares and OP Units changes the ownership interests of both the noncontrolling interests and EQR. Such transactions and the related proceeds are treated as capital transactions.

Partially Owned Properties: The Company reflects noncontrolling interests in partially owned properties on the balance sheet for the portion of properties consolidated by the Company that are not wholly owned by the Company. The earnings or losses from those properties attributable to the noncontrolling interests are generally based on ownership percentage and are reflected as noncontrolling interests in partially owned properties in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Partners’ Capital

The “Limited Partners” of ERPOP include various individuals and entities that contributed their properties to ERPOP in exchange for OP Units. The “General Partner” of ERPOP is EQR. Net income is allocated to the Limited Partners based on their respective ownership percentage of ERPOP. The ownership percentage is calculated by dividing the number of OP Units held by the Limited Partners by the total OP Units held by the Limited Partners and the General Partner. Issuance of additional Common Shares and OP Units changes the ownership interests of both the Limited Partners and EQR. Such transactions and the related proceeds are treated as capital transactions.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership / Redeemable Limited Partners

The Company classifies Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership / Redeemable Limited Partners in the mezzanine section of the consolidated balance sheets for the portion of OP Units that EQR is required, either by contract or securities law, to deliver registered Common Shares to the exchanging OP Unit holder. The redeemable noncontrolling interest units / redeemable limited partner units are adjusted to the greater of carrying value or fair market value based on the Common Share price of EQR at the end of each respective reporting period. See Note 3 for further discussion.

Use of Estimates

In preparation of the Company’s financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an amendment to the debt and equity financial instruments standards which simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments and accounting for contracts in an entity’s own equity. The Company adopted the standard when effective on January 1, 2022 and it had no impact on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

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In March 2020, the FASB issued an amendment to the reference rate reform standard which provides the option for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for, or recognizing the effects of, reference rate reform on contract modifications and hedge accounting. The new standard was effective for the Company upon issuance and elections could be made through December 31, 2024. The Company elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients and application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur.

In April 2020, a FASB staff question and answer document was issued which intended to reduce the challenges of evaluating the enforceable rights and obligations of leases for concessions granted to lessees in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We elected not to evaluate whether qualifying concessions provided by the Company in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are a lease modification, subject to the criteria that the total payments under the amended lease cannot result in a substantial increase in the rights of the lessor or obligations of the lessee. We also elected to treat the concessions as though they were contemplated as part of the existing contracts and therefore will not apply lease modification rules to the qualifying lease concession amendments. As such, deferrals deemed collectible are recorded as rental receivables with no change to timing of rental revenues and deferrals deemed non-collectible and abatements reduce rental revenues in the deferral/abatement period and cause rental revenues to effectively follow a cash basis related to the changes. The accounting elections provided by the FASB mainly apply to the Company’s non-residential leases and the majority of the amendments will not require a straight-line adjustment. See Note 8 for additional discussion.

In June 2016, the FASB issued a standard which requires companies to adopt a new approach for estimating credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, such as trade and other receivables and loans. The standard requires entities to estimate a lifetime expected credit loss for most financial instruments, including trade receivables. In November 2018, the FASB issued an amendment excluding operating lease receivables accounted for under the lease standard from the scope of the credit losses standard. The Company adopted this standard as required effective January 1, 2020, and it did not have a material effect on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

Other

The Company is the controlling partner in various consolidated partnerships owning 15 properties consisting of 3,114 apartment units having a noncontrolling interest deficit balance of $0.7 million at December 31, 2022. The Company is required to make certain disclosures regarding noncontrolling interests in consolidated limited-life subsidiaries. Of the consolidated entities described above, the Company is the controlling partner in limited-life partnerships owning two properties having a noncontrolling interest deficit balance of $4.9 million. These two partnership agreements contain provisions that require the partnerships to be liquidated through the sale of their assets upon reaching a date specified in each respective partnership agreement. The Company, as controlling partner, has an obligation to cause the property owning partnerships to distribute the proceeds of liquidation to the Noncontrolling Interests in these Partially Owned Properties only to the extent that the net proceeds received by the partnerships from the sale of their assets warrant a distribution based on the partnership agreements. As of December 31, 2022, the Company estimates the value of Noncontrolling Interest distributions for these two properties would have been approximately $55.4 million (“Settlement Value”) had the partnerships been liquidated. This Settlement Value is based on estimated third-party consideration realized by the partnerships upon disposition of the two Partially Owned Properties and is net of all other assets and liabilities, including yield maintenance on the mortgages encumbering the properties, that would have been due on December 31, 2022 had those mortgages been prepaid. Due to, among other things, the inherent uncertainty in the sale of real estate assets, the amount of any potential distribution to the Noncontrolling Interests in the Company’s Partially Owned Properties is subject to change. To the extent that the partnerships’ underlying assets are worth less than the underlying liabilities, the Company has no obligation to remit any consideration to the Noncontrolling Interests in these Partially Owned Properties.

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Equity, Capital and Other Interests

The Company refers to “Common Shares” and “Units” (which refer to both OP Units and restricted units) as equity securities for EQR and “General Partner Units” and “Limited Partner Units” as equity securities for ERPOP. To provide a streamlined and more readable presentation of the disclosures for the Company and the Operating Partnership, several sections below refer to the respective terminology for each with the same financial information and separate sections are provided, where needed, to further distinguish any differences in financial information and terminology.

The following table presents the changes in the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Shares and Units for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	2022			2021			2020
Common Shares
Common Shares outstanding at January 1,		375,527,195			372,302,000			371,670,884
Common Shares Issued:
Conversion of OP Units		452,532			1,354,208			122,505
Issuance of Common Shares		1,740,550			—			—
Exercise of share options		468,021			1,710,692			239,695
Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP)		66,835			70,702			90,196
Restricted share grants, net		174,575			89,593			178,720
Common Shares outstanding at December 31,		378,429,708			375,527,195			372,302,000
Units
Units outstanding at January 1,		12,659,027			13,858,073			13,731,315
Restricted unit grants, net		223,242			155,162			249,263
Conversion of OP Units to Common Shares		(452,532	)		(1,354,208	)		(122,505	)
Units outstanding at December 31,		12,429,737			12,659,027			13,858,073
Total Common Shares and Units outstanding at December 31,		390,859,445			388,186,222			386,160,073
Units Ownership Interest in Operating Partnership		3.2	%		3.3	%		3.6	%

The following table presents the changes in the Operating Partnership’s issued and outstanding General Partner Units and Limited Partner Units for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	2022			2021			2020
General and Limited Partner Units
General and Limited Partner Units outstanding at January 1,		388,186,222			386,160,073			385,402,199
Issued to General Partner:
Issuance of OP Units		1,740,550			—			—
Exercise of EQR share options		468,021			1,710,692			239,695
EQR’s Employee Share Purchase Plan (ESPP)		66,835			70,702			90,196
EQR’s restricted share grants, net		174,575			89,593			178,720
Issued to Limited Partners:
Restricted unit grants, net		223,242			155,162			249,263
General and Limited Partner Units outstanding at December 31,		390,859,445			388,186,222			386,160,073
Limited Partner Units
Limited Partner Units outstanding at January 1,		12,659,027			13,858,073			13,731,315
Limited Partner restricted unit grants, net		223,242			155,162			249,263
Conversion of Limited Partner OP Units to EQR Common Shares		(452,532	)		(1,354,208	)		(122,505	)
Limited Partner Units outstanding at December 31,		12,429,737			12,659,027			13,858,073
Limited Partner Units Ownership Interest in Operating Partnership		3.2	%		3.3	%		3.6	%

The equity positions of various individuals and entities that contributed their properties to the Operating Partnership in exchange for OP Units, as well as the equity positions of the holders of restricted units, are collectively referred to as the “Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership” and “Limited Partners Capital,” respectively, for the Company and the Operating Partnership. Subject to certain exceptions (including the “book-up” requirements of restricted units), the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital may exchange their Units with EQR for Common Shares on a one-for-one basis. The carrying value of the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital (including redeemable interests) is allocated based on the number of Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital in total in proportion to the number of Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital in total plus the total number of Common Shares/General Partner Units. Net income is allocated to the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital based on the weighted average ownership percentage during the period.

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The Operating Partnership has the right but not the obligation to make a cash payment instead of issuing Common Shares to any and all holders of Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital requesting an exchange of their Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital with EQR. Once the Operating Partnership elects not to redeem the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital for cash, EQR is obligated to deliver Common Shares to the exchanging holder of the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital.

The Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital are classified as either mezzanine equity or permanent equity. If EQR is required, either by contract or securities law, to deliver registered Common Shares, such Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital are differentiated and referred to as “Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership” and “Redeemable Limited Partners,” respectively. Instruments that require settlement in registered shares cannot be classified in permanent equity as it is not always completely within an issuer’s control to deliver registered shares. Therefore, settlement in cash is assumed and that responsibility for settlement in cash is deemed to fall to the Operating Partnership as the primary source of cash for EQR, resulting in presentation in the mezzanine section of the balance sheet. The Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners are adjusted to the greater of carrying value or fair market value based on the Common Share price of EQR at the end of each respective reporting period. EQR has the ability to deliver unregistered Common Shares for the remaining portion of the Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital that are classified in permanent equity at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The carrying value of the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners is allocated based on the number of Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners in proportion to the number of Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital in total. Such percentage of the total carrying value of Units/Limited Partner Units which is ascribed to the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners is then adjusted to the greater of carrying value or fair market value as described above. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners have a redemption value of approximately $318.3 million and $499.0 million, respectively, which represents the value of Common Shares that would be issued in exchange for the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners.

The following table presents the changes in the redemption value of the Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively (amounts in thousands):


	2022			2021		2020
Balance at January 1,	$	498,977		$	338,951	$	463,400
Change in market value		(176,490	)		158,598		(125,224	)
Change in carrying value		(4,214	)		1,428		775
Balance at December 31,	$	318,273		$	498,977	$	338,951

Net proceeds from EQR Common Share and Preferred Share (see definition below) offerings and proceeds from exercise of options for Common Shares are contributed by EQR to ERPOP. In return for those contributions, EQR receives a number of OP Units in ERPOP equal to the number of Common Shares it has issued in the equity offering (or in the case of a preferred equity offering, a number of preference units in ERPOP equal in number and having the same terms as the Preferred Shares issued in the equity offering). As a result, the net proceeds from Common Shares and Preferred Shares are allocated for the Company between shareholders’ equity and Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership and for the Operating Partnership between General Partner’s Capital and Limited Partners Capital to account for the change in their respective percentage ownership of the underlying equity.

The Company’s declaration of trust authorizes it to issue up to 100,000,000 preferred shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value per share (the “Preferred Shares”), with specific rights, preferences and other attributes as the Board of Trustees may determine, which may include preferences, powers and rights that are senior to the rights of holders of the Company’s Common Shares.

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The following table presents the Company’s issued and outstanding Preferred Shares/Preference Units as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:


				Amounts in thousands
		Annual
	Call	Dividend Per		December 31,		December 31,
	Date (1)	Share/Unit (2)		2022		2021
Preferred Shares/Preference Units of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized:
8.29% Series K Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares/Preference Units; liquidation value $50 per share/unit; 745,600 shares/units issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021	12/10/26	$	4.145	$	37,280	$	37,280
				$	37,280	$	37,280

(1)

On or after the call date, redeemable Preferred Shares/Preference Units may be redeemed for cash at the option of the Company or the Operating Partnership, respectively, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to the liquidation price per share/unit, plus accrued and unpaid distributions, if any.

(2)

Dividends on Preferred Shares/Preference Units are payable quarterly.

Other

The Company has an At-The-Market (“ATM”) share offering program which allows EQR to issue Common Shares from time to time into the existing trading market at current market prices or through negotiated transactions, including under forward sale arrangements. In May 2022, the Company replaced the prior program with a new program which extended the maturity to May 2025 and gives us the authority to issue up to 13.0 million shares, all of which remain available for issuance as of December 31, 2022.

Forward sale agreements under the ATM program allow the Company, at its election, to settle the agreements by issuing Common Shares in exchange for net proceeds at the then-applicable forward sale price specified by the agreement or, alternatively, to settle the agreements in whole or in part through the delivery or receipt of Common Shares or cash. Issuances of shares under these forward sale agreements are classified as equity transactions. Accordingly, no amounts relating to the forward sale agreements are recorded in the consolidated financial statements until settlement occurs. Prior to any settlements, the only impact to the consolidated financial statements is the inclusion of incremental shares, if any, within the calculation of diluted net income per share using the treasury stock method (see Note 11 for additional discussion). The actual forward price per share to be received by the Company upon settlement will be determined on the applicable settlement date based on adjustments made to the initial forward price to reflect the then-current overnight federal funds rate and the amount of dividends paid to holders of the Company’s Common Shares over the term of the forward sale agreement.

The Company may repurchase up to 13.0 million Common Shares under its share repurchase program. No open market repurchases have occurred since 2008. As of December 31, 2022, EQR has remaining authorization to repurchase up to 13.0 million of its shares.

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Real Estate

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts for the Company’s investment in real estate (at cost) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022			2021
Land	$	5,580,878		$	5,814,790
Depreciable property:
Buildings and improvements		19,471,503			19,632,284
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		2,352,050			2,220,203
In-Place lease intangibles		510,816			518,324
Projects under development:
Land		3,201			—
Construction-in-progress		109,739			24,307
Land held for development:
Land		46,160			46,160
Construction-in-progress		14,407			16,838
Investment in real estate		28,088,754			28,272,906
Accumulated depreciation		(9,027,850	)		(8,354,282	)
Investment in real estate, net	$	19,060,904		$	19,918,624

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company acquired the following from unaffiliated parties (purchase price in thousands):


	Properties		Apartment Units		Purchase Price
Rental Properties – Consolidated (1)		1		172	$	113,000
Total		1		172	$	113,000

(1)

Purchase price includes an allocation of approximately $25.3 million to land and $87.7 million to depreciable property (inclusive of capitalized closing costs).

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company acquired the following from unaffiliated parties (purchase price in thousands):


	Properties		Apartment Units		Purchase Price
Rental Properties – Consolidated (1)		17		4,747	$	1,709,379
Total		17		4,747	$	1,709,379

(1)

Purchase price includes an allocation of approximately $226.3 million to land and $1.5 billion to depreciable property (inclusive of capitalized closing costs).

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company disposed of the following to unaffiliated parties (sales price in thousands):


	Properties		Apartment Units		Sales Price
Rental Properties – Consolidated		3		945	$	746,150
Total		3		945	$	746,150

The Company recognized a net gain on sales of real estate properties of approximately $304.3 million on the above sales.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company disposed of the following to unaffiliated parties (sales price in thousands):


	Properties		Apartment Units		Sales Price
Rental Properties – Consolidated		14		3,053	$	1,716,775
Total		14		3,053	$	1,716,775

The Company recognized a net gain on sales of real estate properties of approximately $1.1 billion on the above sales.

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Impairment

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded an approximate $16.8 million non-cash asset impairment charge on a land parcel which is included in land held for development on the consolidated balance sheets and included in the non-same store/other segment discussed in Note 17. The charge was the result of an analysis of the parcel’s estimated fair value (determined using internally developed models based on market assumptions and potential sales data from the marketing process) compared to its current capitalized carrying value after reassessment of our expected hold period for the parcel. As of December 31, 2022, the land parcel's carrying value was $15.0 million and the Company has entered into an agreement to dispose of it for $16.0 million as of the date of filing.

Commitments to Acquire/Dispose of Real Estate

The Company has entered into an agreement to acquire the following (purchase price in thousands):


	Properties		Apartment Units		Purchase Price
Rental Properties – Consolidated		1		262	$	78,600
Total		1		262	$	78,600

The Company has entered into separate agreements to dispose of the following (sales price and net book value in thousands):


	Properties		Apartment Units		Sales Price		Net Book Value at December 31, 2022
Rental Properties – Consolidated		1		18	$	10,750	$	2,546
Land Parcels (one)		—		—		16,000		15,000
Total		1		18	$	26,750	$	17,546

The closing of pending transactions is subject to certain conditions and restrictions; therefore, there can be no assurance that the transactions will be consummated or that the final terms will not differ in material respects from any agreements summarized above. See Note 18 for discussion of the properties acquired or disposed of, if any, subsequent to December 31, 2022.

Investments in Partially Owned Entities

The Company has invested in various entities with unrelated third parties which are either consolidated or accounted for under the equity method of accounting (unconsolidated).

Consolidated VIEs

In accordance with accounting standards for consolidation of VIEs, the Company consolidates ERPOP on EQR’s financial statements. As the sole general partner of ERPOP, EQR has exclusive control of ERPOP’s day-to-day management. The limited partners are not able to exercise substantive kick-out or participating rights. As a result, ERPOP qualifies as a VIE. EQR has a controlling financial interest in ERPOP and, thus, is ERPOP’s primary beneficiary. EQR has the power to direct the activities of ERPOP that most significantly impact ERPOP’s economic performance as well as the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from ERPOP that could potentially be significant to ERPOP.

The Company has various equity interests in certain joint ventures that have been deemed to be VIEs, and the Company is the VIEs’ primary beneficiary. As a result, the joint ventures are required to be consolidated on the Company’s financial statements. The following table summarizes the Company’s consolidated joint ventures as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Operating Properties (1)				Project Under Development (2)
	Properties		Apartment Units		Project		Apartment Units
2022 Consolidated Joint Ventures (VIE)		15		3,114		1		312
2021 Consolidated Joint Ventures (VIE)		16		3,546		1		312

(1)

In 2022, the Company acquired its joint venture partner’s 25% interest in a 432-unit apartment property for $32.2 million, and the property is now wholly owned. In connection with the buyout, the carrying amount of the Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties totaling $4.8 million was reduced to zero and the remaining $27.4 million was recorded to paid in capital/General Partner's Capital.

(2)

The land under this project is subject to a long-term ground lease.

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The following table provides consolidated assets and liabilities related to the VIEs discussed above as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Consolidated Assets	$	691,880	$	912,955
Consolidated Liabilities	$	158,932	$	251,424

Certain consolidated joint ventures in which we have investments obtained mortgage debt to finance a portion of their activities. The following table and information summarizes the variable rate construction mortgage debt that is non-recourse to the Company at December 31, 2022 and 2021 (aggregate and amounts borrowed under loan commitments in thousands):


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Recently Completed Operating Property (1)		Project Under Development		Recently Completed Operating Property (1)
Number of joint ventures with debt financing		1		1		1
Aggregate loan commitments	$	67,589	$	73,344	$	67,589
Amounts borrowed under loan commitments (2)	$	64,776	$	44,980	$	61,783
Maturity dates	2023		2025		2022

(1)

The maturity date of the construction loan was extended to June 25, 2023.

(2)

See Note 9 for the proceeds of secured conventional floating rate debt under Mortgage Notes Payable.

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

The Company has various equity interests in certain joint ventures that are unconsolidated and accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Most of these have been deemed to be VIEs and the Company is not the VIEs' primary beneficiary. The remaining have been deemed not to be VIEs and the Company does not have a controlling voting interest.

The following table and information summarizes the Company’s investments in unconsolidated entities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands except for ownership percentage):


	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021			Ownership Percentage
Investments in Unconsolidated Entities:
Various Real Estate Holdings (VIE)	$	35,974		$	36,024		Varies
Projects Under Development and Land Held for Development (VIE)		218,043			72,488		62% - 95% (1)
Real Estate Technology Funds/Companies (VIE)		25,249			19,347		Varies
Other		(242	)		(411	)	Varies
Investments in Unconsolidated Entities	$	279,024		$	127,448

(1)

In certain instances, the joint venture agreements contain provisions for promoted interests in favor of our joint venture partner. If the terms of the promoted interest are attained, then our share of the proceeds from a sale or other capital event of the unconsolidated entity may be less than the indicated ownership percentage.

The following table summarizes the Company’s unconsolidated joint ventures that were deemed to be VIEs as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	Real Estate Holdings (1)		Projects Under Development (2), (5)				Projects Held for Development (2), (3)
	Entities		Projects		Apartment Units (4)		Projects		Apartment Units (4)
2022 Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (VIE)		2		6		1,982		3		966
2021 Unconsolidated Joint Ventures (VIE)		1		3		929		3		1,005

(1)

Represents entities that hold various real estate investments.

(2)

Represents separate unconsolidated joint ventures for the purpose of developing multifamily rental properties.

(3)

Represents separate unconsolidated joint ventures that have not yet started.

(4)

Represents the intended number of apartment units to be developed.

(5)

The land parcel under one of the projects is subject to a long-term ground lease.

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New Development Joint Ventures

The following table provides information on total unconsolidated development joint ventures entered into during the year ended December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands except for number of unconsolidated joint ventures and apartment units):


Number of unconsolidated joint ventures (1)		3
Apartment units (2)		1,019
Investments in unconsolidated entities – acquisitions	$	49,855

(1)

The entities qualify as VIEs, but the Company is not the primary beneficiary because it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s performance. Therefore, the entities are unconsolidated and recorded using the equity method of accounting. See Note 2 for additional discussion.

(2)

Represents the intended number of apartment units to be developed.

In 2021, the Company entered into a strategic partnership with Toll Brothers, Inc. (“Toll”) to develop apartment communities in key markets. The Company and Toll have and expect to continue to enter into separate joint venture agreements for each property, and the Company has and expects to continue to account for these unconsolidated joint ventures under the equity method of accounting. Toll has and will continue to act as the managing member of each project and receive developer fees. The Company, in certain circumstances, may act as the property manager, receive property management fees and have the right, but not the obligation, to acquire each property at fair market value upon stabilization. As of December 31, 2022, the Company and Toll entered into four separate joint venture agreements under the strategic partnership.

Restricted Deposits

The following table presents the Company’s restricted deposits as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Mortgage escrow deposits:
Replacement reserves	$	12,549	$	11,156
Mortgage principal reserves/sinking funds		25,304		19,104
Mortgage escrow deposits		37,853		30,260
Restricted cash:
Tax-deferred (1031) exchange proceeds		—		166,362
Earnest money on pending acquisitions		4,500		2,000
Restricted deposits on real estate investments		229		284
Resident security and utility deposits		38,432		35,663
Other		2,289		1,835
Restricted cash		45,450		206,144
Restricted deposits	$	83,303	$	236,404

Leases

Lessor Accounting

The Company is the lessor for its residential and non-residential leases and these leases are accounted for as operating leases under the lease standard.

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The following table presents the lease income types relating to lease payments for residential and non-residential leases along with the total other rental income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31, 2022									Year Ended December 31, 2021								Year Ended December 31, 2020
Income Type	Residential Leases			Non-Residential Leases			Total			Residential Leases			Non-Residential Leases		Total			Residential Leases			Non-Residential Leases			Total
Residential and non-residential rent	$	2,441,332		$	63,995		$	2,505,327		$	2,199,986		$	61,033	$	2,261,019		$	2,336,778		$	51,663		$	2,388,441
Utility recoveries (RUBS income) (1)		81,140			844			81,984			74,846			723		75,569			70,699			677			71,376
Parking rent		43,335			435			43,770			40,934			565		41,499			38,743			412			39,155
Other lease revenue (2)		(12,637	)		(69	)		(12,706	)		(17,667	)		4,027		(13,640	)		(28,663	)		(5,519	)		(34,182	)
Total lease revenue	$	2,553,170		$	65,205			2,618,375		$	2,298,099		$	66,348		2,364,447		$	2,417,557		$	47,233			2,464,790
Parking revenue								37,338								26,789									22,210
Other revenue								79,467								72,761									84,705
Total other rental income (3)								116,805								99,550									106,915
Rental income							$	2,735,180							$	2,463,997								$	2,571,705

(1)

RUBS income primarily consists of variable payments representing the recovery of utility costs from residents.

(2)

Other lease revenue consists of the revenue adjustment related to bad debt and other miscellaneous lease revenue.

(3)

Other rental income is accounted for under the revenue recognition standard.

The following table presents residential and non-residential accounts receivable and straight-line receivable balances for the Company’s properties as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	Residential						Non-Residential
Balance Sheet (Other assets):	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021			December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Resident/tenant accounts receivable balances	$	35,688		$	37,959		$	2,820		$	3,218
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(31,405	)		(33,121	)		(2,152	)		(2,365	)
Net receivable balances	$	4,283		$	4,838		$	668		$	853

Straight-line receivable balances	$	4,398		$	7,460		$	13,795		$	13,021

The following table presents residential bad debt for the Company’s properties for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
Income Statement (Rental income):		2022			2021			2020
Bad debt, net (1)	$	26,570		$	31,485		$	42,505
% of rental income		1.0	%		1.3	%		1.7	%

(1)

Bad debt, net benefited from additional resident payments due to governmental rental assistance programs of approximately $34.1 million and $34.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Lessee Accounting

The Company is the lessee under various corporate office and ground leases for which the Company recognizes right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and related lease liabilities. The following table presents the Company’s ROU assets and related lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 (amounts in thousands):


	2022		2021
Right-of-use assets:
Corporate office leases (operating)	$	34,767	$	36,897
Ground leases (finance)		95,834		97,575
Ground leases (operating)		332,355		340,241
Right-of-use assets	$	462,956	$	474,713
Lease liabilities:
Corporate office leases (operating)	$	35,747	$	37,760
Ground leases (finance)		68,919		69,479
Ground leases (operating)		204,082		205,096
Lease liabilities	$	308,748	$	312,335

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Corporate office leases

The Company leases eight corporate offices with lease expiration dates ranging from 2024 through 2042 (inclusive of applicable extension options). See Note 15 for details on a corporate office lease with a related party.

Ground leases

The Company maintains consolidated long-term ground leases for 15 operating properties and one project under development with lease expiration dates ranging from 2042 through 2118 (inclusive of applicable purchase options). The Company owns the building and improvements. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company modified one ground lease that was previously classified as an operating lease. The Company now classifies this lease as a finance lease and reduced its lease liability and ROU asset due to remeasurement by approximately $11.3 million.

Additional disclosures

The following tables illustrate the quantitative disclosures for lessees as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31, 2022		Year Ended December 31, 2021		Year Ended December 31, 2020
Lease cost:
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets (capitalized)	$	351	$	351	$	—
Amortization of right-of-use assets (expensed)		1,391		1,391		—
Interest on lease liabilities (capitalized)		—		452		1,029
Interest on lease liabilities (expensed)		1,904		1,464		—
Operating lease cost:
Corporate office leases		4,061		3,581		3,747
Ground leases		18,338		18,338		22,102
Variable lease cost:
Corporate office leases		430		1,037		1,307
Ground leases		4,342		2,973		3,304
Total lease cost	$	30,817	$	29,587	$	31,489


	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021			December 31, 2020
Other information:
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Investing cash flows from finance leases	$	—		$	383		$	567
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	2,463		$	1,898		$	—
Operating cash flows from operating leases:
Corporate office leases	$	4,385		$	5,016		$	5,296
Ground leases	$	15,037		$	14,682		$	16,552
Weighted-average remaining lease term – finance leases	24.1 years			25.2 years			18.7 years
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases:
Corporate office leases	16.1 years			16.8 years			17.4 years
Ground leases	61.2 years			61.8 years			55.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate – finance leases		2.8	%		2.8	%		3.0	%
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases:
Corporate office leases		3.2	%		3.2	%		3.2	%
Ground leases		5.1	%		5.1	%		5.0	%

The following table summarizes the Company’s undiscounted cash flows for contractual obligations for minimum rent payments/receipts under operating and financing leases for the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2022:


(Payments)/Receipts Due by Year (in thousands)
	2023			2024			2025			2026			2027			Thereafter			Total
Finance Leases:
Minimum Rent Payments (a)	$	(2,662	)	$	(2,880	)	$	(2,946	)	$	(2,959	)	$	(2,971	)	$	(85,238	)	$	(99,656	)
Operating Leases:
Minimum Rent Payments (a)	$	(15,173	)	$	(15,255	)	$	(15,024	)	$	(14,849	)	$	(14,923	)	$	(816,532	)	$	(891,756	)
Minimum Rent Receipts (b)	$	58,776		$	54,271		$	48,333		$	40,461		$	35,808		$	119,008		$	356,657

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(a)

Minimum basic rent due for corporate office leases and base rent due on ground leases where the Company is the lessee.

(b)

Minimum basic rent receipts due for various non-residential space where the Company is the lessor. Excludes residential leases due to their short-term nature.

The following table provides a reconciliation of lease liabilities from our undiscounted cash flows for minimum rent payments as of December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands):


	2022
Total minimum rent payments	$	991,412
Less: Lease discount		(682,664	)
Lease liabilities	$	308,748

Debt

EQR does not have any indebtedness as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership. Weighted average interest rates noted below for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 include the effect of any derivative instruments and amortization of premiums/discounts/OCI (other comprehensive income) on debt and derivatives.

Mortgage Notes Payable

The following tables summarize the Company’s mortgage notes payable activity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (amounts in thousands):


	Mortgage notes payable, net as of December 31, 2021		Proceeds			Lump sum payoffs			Scheduled principal repayments			Amortization of premiums/ discounts		Amortization of deferred financing costs, net (1)		Mortgage notes payable, net as of December 31, 2022
Fixed Rate Debt:
Secured – Conventional	$	1,896,472	$	—		$	(286,461	)	$	(3,311	)	$	941	$	1,197	$	1,608,838
Floating Rate Debt:
Secured – Conventional		59,890		48,054	(2)		—			(81	)		—		515		108,378
Secured – Tax Exempt		234,839		—			—			—			1,243		140		236,222
Floating Rate Debt		294,729		48,054			—			(81	)		1,243		655		344,600
Total	$	2,191,201	$	48,054		$	(286,461	)	$	(3,392	)	$	2,184	$	1,852	$	1,953,438

(1)

Represents amortization of deferred financing costs, net of debt financing costs.

(2)

See Note 6 for additional discussion of the variable rate construction mortgage debt.


	Mortgage notes payable, net as of December 31, 2020		Proceeds			Lump sum payoffs			Scheduled principal repayments			Amortization of premiums/ discounts		Amortization of deferred financing costs, net (1)			Mortgage notes payable, net as of December 31, 2021
Fixed Rate Debt:
Secured – Conventional	$	1,901,091	$	28,500	(2)	$	(28,200	)	$	(7,465	)	$	1,522	$	1,024		$	1,896,472
Floating Rate Debt:
Secured – Conventional		31,494		29,928	(3)		—			—			—		(1,532	)		59,890
Secured – Tax Exempt		361,305		—			(128,615	)		—			1,242		907			234,839
Floating Rate Debt		392,799		29,928			(128,615	)		—			1,242		(625	)		294,729
Total	$	2,293,890	$	58,428		$	(156,815	)	$	(7,465	)	$	2,764	$	399		$	2,191,201

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(1)

Represents amortization of deferred financing costs, net of debt financing costs.

(2)

Obtained a 3.58% fixed rate mortgage debt maturing on March 1, 2031.

(3)

See Note 6 for additional discussion of the variable rate construction mortgage debt.

The following table summarizes certain interest rate and maturity date information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively:


	December 31, 2022	December 31, 2021
Interest Rate Ranges	0.10% - 7.10%	0.06% - 4.21%
Weighted Average Interest Rate	3.46%	3.18%
Maturity Date Ranges	2023-2061	2022-2061

As of both December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $250.0 million of secured debt (primarily tax-exempt bonds) subject to third-party credit enhancement.

The historical cost, net of accumulated depreciation, of encumbered properties was $2.5 billion and $2.7 billion at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Notes

The following tables summarize the Company’s notes activity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (amounts in thousands):


	Notes, net as of December 31, 2021		Proceeds		Lump sum payoffs			Amortization of premiums/ discounts		Amortization of deferred financing costs, net (1)		Notes, net as of December 31, 2022
Fixed Rate Debt:
Unsecured – Public	$	5,835,222	$	—	$	(500,000	)	$	2,820	$	4,287	$	5,342,329

(1)

Represents amortization of deferred financing costs, net of debt financing costs.


	Notes, net as of December 31, 2020		Proceeds			Lump sum payoffs		Amortization of premiums/ discounts		Amortization of deferred financing costs, net (1)			Notes, net as of December 31, 2021
Fixed Rate Debt:
Unsecured – Public	$	5,335,536	$	497,470	(2)	$	—	$	2,538	$	(322	)	$	5,835,222

(1)

Represents amortization of deferred financing costs, net of debt financing costs.

(2)

Issued $500.0 million of ten-year 1.85% unsecured notes, receiving net proceeds before underwriting fees and other expenses.

The following table summarizes certain interest rate and maturity date information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively:


	December 31, 2022	December 31, 2021
Interest Rate Ranges	1.85% - 7.57%	1.85% - 7.57%
Weighted Average Interest Rate	3.61%	3.65%
Maturity Date Ranges	2025-2047	2023-2047

The Company’s unsecured public notes contain certain financial and operating covenants including, among other things, maintenance of certain financial ratios. The Company was in compliance with its unsecured public debt covenants for both the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

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Line of Credit and Commercial Paper

On October 26, 2022, the Company replaced its existing $2.5 billion facility with a new $2.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility maturing on October 26, 2027. The Company has the ability to increase available borrowings by an additional $750.0 million by adding lenders to the facility, obtaining the agreement of existing lenders to increase their commitments or incurring one or more term loans. The interest rate on advances under the facility will generally be the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus a spread (currently 0.725%), or based on bids received from the lending group, and the Company pays an annual facility fee (currently 0.125%). Both the spread and the facility fee are dependent on the Company’s senior unsecured credit rating. The Company did not borrow any amounts under its revolving credit facility during the year ended December 31, 2022 and the weighted average interest rate was 0.88% for the year ended December 31, 2021.

The Company has an unsecured commercial paper note program under which it may borrow up to a maximum of $1.0 billion subject to market conditions. The notes will be sold under customary terms in the United States commercial paper note market and will rank pari passu with all of the Company’s other unsecured senior indebtedness.

The following table summarizes certain weighted average interest rate, maturity and amounts outstanding information for the commercial paper program as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively:


	December 31, 2022	December 31, 2021
Weighted Average Interest Rate (1)	1.52%	0.27%
Weighted Average Maturity (in days)	4	27
Weighted Average Amounts Outstanding	$156.1 million	$471.0 million

(1)

The notes bear interest at various floating rates.


	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Unsecured revolving credit facility commitment	$	2,500,000		$	2,500,000
Commercial paper balance outstanding		(130,000	)		(315,121	)
Unsecured revolving credit facility balance outstanding		—			—
Other restricted amounts		(3,463	)		(3,507	)
Unsecured revolving credit facility availability	$	2,366,537		$	2,181,372

Other

The following table summarizes the Company’s total debt extinguishment costs recorded as additional interest expense during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively (amounts in thousands):


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Prepayment premiums/penalties	$	—	$	—	$	26,150
Write-offs of unamortized deferred financing costs		717		744		634
Write-offs of unamortized (premiums)/discounts/OCI		3,947		—		12,508
Total	$	4,664	$	744	$	39,292

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The following table provides a summary of the aggregate payments of principal on all debt for each of the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands):


Year	Total
2023 (1), (2)	$	998,275
2024		6,100
2025		503,180
2026		601,025
2027		409,800
Thereafter		4,975,870
Subtotal		7,494,250
Deferred Financing Costs and Unamortized (Discount)		(68,528	)
Total	$	7,425,722

(1)

Includes $130.0 million in principal outstanding on the Company’s commercial paper program.

(2)

10.

Fair Value Measurements

In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to the effect of interest rate changes. The Company may seek to manage these risks by following established risk management policies and procedures including the use of derivatives to hedge interest rate risk on debt instruments. The Company may also use derivatives to manage commodity prices in the daily operations of the business.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company purchased and sold investment securities and recognized a net gain on sale of $23.4 million, which is included in interest and other income in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company did not own any of these investment securities at December 31, 2021.

A three-level valuation hierarchy exists for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are defined as follows:

•

Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•

Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

•

Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s derivative positions are valued using models developed by the respective counterparty as well as models applied internally by the Company that use as their inputs readily observable market parameters (such as forward yield curves and credit default swap data). The following table summarizes the inputs to the valuations for each type of fair value measurement:

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Fair Value Measurement Type		Valuation Inputs
Employee holdings (other than Common Shares) within the supplemental executive retirement plan (the “SERP”)		Quoted market prices for identical assets. These holdings are included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership/Redeemable Limited Partners		Quoted market price of Common Shares.
Mortgage notes payable and private unsecured debt (including its commercial paper and line of credit, if applicable)		Indicative rates provided by lenders of similar loans.
Public unsecured notes		Quoted market prices for each underlying issuance.

The fair values of the Company’s financial instruments (other than mortgage notes payable, unsecured notes, commercial paper, line of credit and derivative instruments), including cash and cash equivalents and other financial instruments, approximate their carrying or contract value. The following table provides a summary of the carrying and fair values for the Company’s mortgage notes payable and unsecured debt (including its commercial paper and line of credit, if applicable) at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (amounts in thousands):


	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value (Level 2)		Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value (Level 2)
Mortgage notes payable, net	$	1,953,438	$	1,803,525	$	2,191,201	$	2,193,689
Unsecured debt, net		5,472,284		4,874,490		6,150,252		6,798,309
Total debt, net	$	7,425,722	$	6,678,015	$	8,341,453	$	8,991,998

The following table summarizes the Company’s consolidated derivative instruments at December 31, 2022 (dollar amounts are in thousands):


	Forward Starting Swaps (1)
Current Notional Balance	$	450,000
Lowest Interest Rate		2.4470	%
Highest Interest Rate		3.6995	%
Maturity Date		2033

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(1)

Forward Starting Swaps – Designed to partially fix interest rates in advance of planned future debt issuances. These swaps have mandatory counterparty terminations in 2024 and are targeted for certain 2023 debt issuances.

The following tables provide a summary of the fair value measurements for each major category of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the location within the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (amounts in thousands):


				Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Description	Balance Sheet Location	12/31/2022		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest Rate Contracts:
Forward Starting Swaps	Other Assets	$	21,864	$	—	$	21,864	$	—
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan	Other Assets		133,245		133,245		—		—
Total		$	155,109	$	133,245	$	21,864	$	—

Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest Rate Contracts:
Forward Starting Swaps	Other Liabilities	$	1,210	$	—	$	1,210	$	—
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan	Other Liabilities		133,245		133,245		—		—
Total		$	134,455	$	133,245	$	1,210	$	—

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests –
Operating Partnership/Redeemable
Limited Partners	Mezzanine	$	318,273	$	—	$	318,273	$	—


				Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Description	Balance Sheet Location	12/31/2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets/Liabilities (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan	Other Assets	$	164,650	$	164,650	$	—	$	—

Liabilities
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan	Other Liabilities	$	164,650	$	164,650	$	—	$	—

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests –
Operating Partnership/Redeemable
Limited Partners	Mezzanine	$	498,977	$	—	$	498,977	$	—

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The following tables provide a summary of the effect of cash flow hedges on the Company’s accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively (amounts in thousands):


December 31, 2022 Type of Cash Flow Hedge	Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative		Location of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest Rate Contracts:
Forward Starting Swaps	$	20,654	Interest expense	$	(11,071	)
Total	$	20,654		$	(11,071	)


December 31, 2021 Type of Cash Flow Hedge	Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative		Location of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest Rate Contracts:
Forward Starting Swaps	$	—	Interest expense	$	(9,394	)
Total	$	—		$	(9,394	)


December 31, 2020 Type of Cash Flow Hedge	Amount of Gain/(Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative			Location of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income	Amount of Gain/(Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest Rate Contracts:
Forward Starting Swaps	$	(1,190	)	Interest expense	$	(35,087	)
Total	$	(1,190	)		$	(35,087	)

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there were approximately $2.5 million and $34.3 million in deferred losses, net, included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), respectively, related to previously settled and unsettled derivative instruments, of which an estimated $3.5 million may be recognized as additional interest expense during the twelve months ending December 31, 2023.

In April 2020, the Company paid approximately $1.2 million to settle two forward starting swaps in conjunction with the issuance of $495.0 million of ten-year secured conventional mortgage notes. The entire $1.2 million was initially deferred as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and will be recognized as an increase to interest expense over the first five years of the mortgage notes.

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11.

Earnings Per Share and Earnings Per Unit

Equity Residential

The following tables set forth the computation of net income per share – basic and net income per share – diluted for the Company (amounts in thousands except per share amounts):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Numerator for net income per share – basic:
Net income	$	806,995		$	1,396,714		$	962,501
Allocation to Noncontrolling Interests – Operating Partnership		(26,310	)		(45,900	)		(34,010	)
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(3,774	)		(17,964	)		(14,855	)
Preferred distributions		(3,090	)		(3,090	)		(3,090	)
Numerator for net income per share – basic	$	773,821		$	1,329,760		$	910,546
Numerator for net income per share – diluted:
Net income	$	806,995		$	1,396,714		$	962,501
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(3,774	)		(17,964	)		(14,855	)
Preferred distributions		(3,090	)		(3,090	)		(3,090	)
Numerator for net income per share – diluted	$	800,131		$	1,375,660		$	944,556
Denominator for net income per share – basic and diluted:
Denominator for net income per share – basic		376,209			373,833			371,791
Effect of dilutive securities:
OP Units		11,836			12,263			13,003
Long-term compensation shares/units		1,402			1,924			1,080
ATM forward sales		3			69			—
Denominator for net income per share – diluted		389,450			388,089			385,874
Net income per share – basic	$	2.06		$	3.56		$	2.45
Net income per share – diluted	$	2.05		$	3.54		$	2.45

ERP Operating Limited Partnership

The following tables set forth the computation of net income per Unit – basic and net income per Unit – diluted for the Operating Partnership (amounts in thousands except per Unit amounts):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Numerator for net income per Unit – basic and diluted:
Net income	$	806,995		$	1,396,714		$	962,501
Net (income) loss attributable to Noncontrolling Interests – Partially Owned Properties		(3,774	)		(17,964	)		(14,855	)
Allocation to Preference Units		(3,090	)		(3,090	)		(3,090	)
Numerator for net income per Unit – basic and diluted	$	800,131		$	1,375,660		$	944,556
Denominator for net income per Unit – basic and diluted:
Denominator for net income per Unit – basic		388,045			386,096			384,794
Effect of dilutive securities:
Dilution for Units issuable upon assumed exercise/vesting of the Company’s long-term compensation shares/units		1,402			1,924			1,080
ATM forward sales		3			69			—
Denominator for net income per Unit – diluted		389,450			388,089			385,874
Net income per Unit – basic	$	2.06		$	3.56		$	2.45
Net income per Unit – diluted	$	2.05		$	3.54		$	2.45

12.

Share Incentive Plans

Any Common Shares issued pursuant to EQR’s incentive equity compensation and employee share purchase plans will result in ERPOP issuing OP Units to EQR on a one-for-one basis with ERPOP receiving the net cash proceeds of such issuances.

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Overview of Share Incentive Plans

The 2019 Share Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), as approved by the Company’s shareholders on June 27, 2019, expires on June 27, 2029 and reserves 11,331,958 Common Shares for issuance. All future awards will be granted under the 2019 Plan. As of December 31, 2022, 8,920,638 shares were available for future issuance.

Pursuant to the 2019 Plan and the 2011 Share Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) (collectively the “Share Incentive Plans”), officers, trustees, key employees and consultants of the Company and its subsidiaries may be granted share options to acquire Common Shares (“Options”), including non-qualified share options (“NQSOs”), incentive share options (“ISOs”) and share appreciation rights (“SARs”), or may be granted restricted or non-restricted shares/units (including long-term incentive plan awards), subject to conditions and restrictions. Options, SARs, restricted shares and restricted units are sometimes collectively referred to herein as “Awards.”

The 2011 Plan will terminate when all outstanding Awards have expired or have been exercised/vested. The Board of Trustees may at any time amend or terminate the Share Incentive Plans, but termination will not affect Awards previously granted, absent immediate vesting and cash settlement. Any Options which had vested prior to such a termination would remain exercisable by the holder.

Employee Long-Term Compensation Awards

The following table summarizes the terms of Awards generally granted to employees:


	Options	Restricted Shares	Restricted Units
Overview	Options exercised after vesting result in issuance of new Common Shares.	Restricted shareholders generally have the same voting rights and receive quarterly dividend payments on their shares at the same rate and on the same date as any other Common Share holder (1).	When certain conditions are met, restricted units convert into an equal number of OP Units, which the holder may exchange for Common Shares on a one-for-one basis or at the option of the Company the cash value of such shares. Restricted unitholders receive quarterly distribution payments on their restricted units at the same rate and on the same date as any other OP Unit holder (1).
Grant/Exercise Price	Granted at the fair market value of Common Shares as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes model as described below.	Granted at the fair market value of Common Shares as of the grant date.	Granted at varying discount rates to the fair market value of Common Shares as of the grant date (2).
Vesting Period	In three equal installments over a three-year period from the grant date.	Three years from the grant date.	Three years from the grant date.
Expiration	Ten years from the grant date.	Not applicable.	Ten years from the grant date (2).
Upon Employee Termination	Unvested options are canceled.	Unvested restricted shares are canceled.	Unvested restricted units are canceled.

(1)

Dividends/distributions paid on unvested restricted shares and units are included as a component of retained earnings and Noncontrolling Interest – Operating Partnership/Limited Partners Capital, respectively, and have not been considered in reducing net income available to Common Shares/Units in a manner similar to the Company’s preferred share/preference unit dividends for the earnings per share/Unit calculation.

(2)

A restricted unit will automatically convert to an OP Unit when the capital account of each restricted unit increases (“books-up”) to a specified target. The probability of a book-up occurring within the ten-year contractual life along with the liquidity risk associated with various hold period restrictions are both reflected in the discount. If the capital target is not attained within ten years following the date of issuance, the restricted unit will automatically be canceled and no compensation will be payable to the holder of such canceled restricted unit. If the capital target is attained and the restricted unit is converted to an OP Unit, it will not expire.

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Valuation Method of Share Options

The fair value of the Option grants is recognized over the requisite service/vesting period of the Options. The fair value for the Company’s Options was estimated at the time the Options were granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the primary grant in each year having the following weighted average assumptions:


	2022			2021			2020
Expected volatility (1)		21.7	%		21.3	%		15.2	%
Expected life (2)	5 years			5 years			5 years
Expected dividend yield (3)		3.26	%		3.23	%		3.04	%
Risk-free interest rate (4)		1.66	%		0.50	%		1.32	%
Exercise price per share (5)	$	91.59		$	67.48		$	83.08
Option valuation per share	$	12.57		$	7.96		$	7.23

(1)

Expected volatility – Estimated based on the historical five-year volatility (the period matching the expected life) of EQR’s share price measured on a monthly basis.

(2)

Expected life – Approximates the actual weighted average life of all Options granted since the Company went public in 1993.

(3)

Expected dividend yield – Calculated by averaging the historical annual yield on EQR shares for a period matching the expected life of each grant, with the annual yield calculated by dividing actual regular dividends (excluding any special dividends) by the average price of EQR’s shares in a given year.

(4)

Risk-free interest rate – The most current U.S. Treasury rate available at the grant date for a period matching the expected life of each grant.

(5)

Exercise price per share – The closing share price of the Common Shares on the grant date.

The valuation method and assumptions are the same as those the Company used in accounting for Option expense in its consolidated financial statements. The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. This model is only one method of valuing options. Because the Company’s Options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, the actual value of the Options to the recipient may be significantly different.

Long-Term Incentive Plan

The Company’s executive compensation program allows the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and certain other executive officers to earn from 0% to 200% of the target number of long-term incentive (“LTI”) awards, payable in the form of restricted shares and/or restricted units. No payout would be made for any result below 50% of the target performance metric. The Company’s Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”), Normalized Funds from Operations (“FFO”) and Net Debt to Normalized EBITDAre (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization for Real Estate) results over a forward-looking three-year performance period determine the restricted shares and/or restricted units awarded and are compared to pre-established quantitative performance metrics. The grant date fair value of the awards is estimated using a Monte Carlo model for the TSR portion of the awards, and the resulting expense is recorded over the service period regardless of whether the TSR performance measures are achieved, while the Normalized FFO and Net Debt to Normalized EBITDAre portions of the awards are adjusted based on the final achievement obtained. If the executive is retirement-eligible, the grant date fair value is amortized into expense over the first year. All other awards are amortized into expense over the three-year performance and vesting period. If employment is terminated prior to vesting, the restricted shares and restricted units are generally canceled.

The LTI participants receive distributions only on restricted units awarded equal to 10% of the quarterly distributions paid on OP Units during the performance period. At the end of the performance period, LTI participants receive dividends/distributions actually earned on restricted shares or restricted units awarded during the performance period, less any distributions already paid on the restricted units.

The grant date fair value of the TSR portion of the LTI awards is estimated using a multifactor Monte Carlo model to determine share prices for a set of relative awards for which the payout of the award depends on the spread of EQR’s TSR to the TSR of two indices: (a) the FTSE Nareit Apartment Index; and (b) the FTSE Nareit Equity Index. The absolute Company TSR metric previously included in the TSR portion of the LTI awards for which the payout of the award only depended on EQR’s TSR was replaced with a Net Debt to Normalized EBITDAre metric for the 2022 LTI plan, covering the three-year performance period from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2024. The grant date fair value of the Normalized FFO and Net Debt to Normalized EBITDAre portions of the LTI awards are estimated using the closing price of EQR Common Shares on the grant date for the restricted shares and a discounted closing price of EQR Common Shares on the grant date for the restricted units to reflect the “book-up” and liquidity risk inherent in the units. The individual prices determined above are then weighted to arrive at the final values for each restricted share/unit as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
Weighted average fair value per restricted share	$	96.84	$	61.73	$	75.89
Weighted average fair value per restricted unit	$	93.32	$	59.82	$	72.69

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The valuation method and assumptions are the same as those the Company used in accounting for the LTI award expense in its consolidated financial statements. The Monte Carlo valuation model is only one method of valuing awards. Because the Company’s restricted shares/units have characteristics significantly different from those of traded shares/units, and because changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate, the actual value of the restricted shares/units to the recipient may be significantly different.

Trustees

All non-employee Trustees, with the exception of the Company’s Chairman, are granted Options, restricted shares and/or restricted units that vest one year from the grant date that corresponds to the term for which he or she has been elected to serve. Since 2016, the Chairman has only received awards under the LTI plan (see further discussion above).

Retirement Benefits

The Company’s Share Incentive Plans provide for certain benefits upon retirement. The following table summarizes the terms of each retirement eligibility category.


	Age 62 for Employees	Rule of 70 for Employees	Age 72 for Trustees
Eligibility	For employees hired prior to January 1, 2009 and who were age 59 or older as of February 1, 2019.	All employees (1).	All non-employee Trustees.
Effect on unvested restricted shares, restricted units and Options	Awards immediately vest, Options continue to be exercisable for the balance of the applicable ten-year option period and restricted units are still subject to the book-up provisions.	Awards continue to vest per the original vesting schedule, subject to certain conditions, Options continue to be exercisable for the balance of the applicable ten-year option period and restricted units are still subject to the book-up provisions.	Awards immediately vest, Options continue to be exercisable for the balance of the applicable ten-year option period and restricted units are still subject to the book-up provisions.
Effect on LTI Plan	Awards are prorated in proportion to the number of days worked in the first year of the three-year performance period and the individual does not receive any payout of shares or units until the final payout is determined at the end of the three-year performance period.

(1)

The Rule of 70 is met when an employee’s years of service with the Company (which must be at least 15 years) plus his or her age (which must be at least 55 years) on the date of termination equals or exceeds 70 years. In addition, the employee must give the Company at least six months’ advance written notice of his or her intention to retire along with agreeing to certain other conditions.

Under the Company’s definitions of retirement, some of its executive officers, including its Chief Executive Officer, and its Chairman are retirement eligible.

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Compensation Expense and Award Activity

The following tables summarize compensation information regarding the restricted shares, restricted units, Options and Employee Share Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) for the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.


	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Compensation Expense		Compensation Capitalized		Restricted Units/Options In-Lieu of Bonus (1)		Compensation Equity		Dividends Incurred
Restricted shares (2)	$	10,419	$	1,176	$	—	$	11,595	$	1,120
Restricted units (2)		16,487		87		2,530		19,104		1,039
Options		1,889		169		263		2,321		—
ESPP discount		718		78		—		796		—
Total	$	29,513	$	1,510	$	2,793	$	33,816	$	2,159


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Compensation Expense		Compensation Capitalized		Restricted Units/Options In-Lieu of Bonus (1)		Compensation Equity		Dividends Incurred
Restricted shares (2)	$	7,258	$	1,131	$	—	$	8,389	$	761
Restricted units (2)		16,689		70		1,038		17,797		1,254
Options		2,980		121		—		3,101		—
ESPP discount		883		108		—		991		—
Total	$	27,810	$	1,430	$	1,038	$	30,278	$	2,015


	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Compensation Expense		Compensation Capitalized		Restricted Units/Options In-Lieu of Bonus (1)		Compensation Equity		Dividends Incurred
Restricted shares (2)	$	10,053	$	1,172	$	—	$	11,225	$	1,172
Restricted units (2)		10,103		80		1,743		11,926		1,855
Options		2,156		193		—		2,349		—
ESPP discount		862		82		—		944		—
Total	$	23,174	$	1,527	$	1,743	$	26,444	$	3,027

(1)

The Company allows eligible officers the ability to receive immediately vested restricted units (subject to the book-up provisions described above and a two-year hold restriction) or immediately vested Options in-lieu of any percentage of their annual cash bonus.

(2)

Includes LTI plan awards granted under the executive compensation program.

Compensation expense is generally recognized for Awards as follows:

•

Restricted shares, restricted units and Options – Straight-line method over the vesting period of the Options, shares or units regardless of cliff or ratable vesting distinctions.

•

LTI plan awards – Target amount is recognized under the straight-line method over the vesting period of the shares or units.

•

ESPP discount – Immediately upon the purchase of Common Shares each quarter.

The Company accelerates the recognition of compensation expense for all Awards for those individuals approaching or meeting the retirement age criteria discussed above. The total compensation expense related to Awards not yet vested at December 31, 2022 is $9.5 million (including the accelerated expenses for individuals approaching or meeting the retirement age criteria discussed above), which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average term of 1.38 years.

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The table below summarizes the Award activity of the Share Incentive Plans for the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:


	Common Shares Subject to Options			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Option		Restricted Shares			Weighted Average Fair Value per Restricted Share		Restricted Units			Weighted Average Fair Value per Restricted Unit
Balance at December 31, 2019		5,567,544		$	55.52		306,706		$	66.15		858,284		$	64.95
Awards granted (1)		317,731		$	76.26		179,911		$	77.44		249,263		$	72.00
Awards exercised/vested		(239,695	)	$	50.31		(131,792	)	$	66.32		(227,747	)	$	68.47
Awards forfeited		(1,344	)	$	72.69		(1,191	)	$	73.45		—		$	—
Awards expired		(1,484	)	$	47.18		—		$	—		—		$	—
Balance at December 31, 2020		5,642,752		$	56.91		353,634		$	71.81		879,800		$	66.78
Awards granted (1)		489,853		$	67.58		96,224		$	70.46		190,742		$	60.71
Awards exercised/vested		(1,710,692	)	$	50.09		(133,351	)	$	62.89		(181,531	)	$	62.01
Awards forfeited		(23,317	)	$	73.33		(6,631	)	$	74.31		(35,580	)	$	59.82
Awards expired		(10,763	)	$	68.00		—		$	—		—		$	—
Balance at December 31, 2021		4,387,833		$	60.65		309,876		$	75.17		853,431		$	66.11
Awards granted (1)		164,199		$	88.22		182,801		$	80.52		223,242		$	86.47
Awards exercised/vested		(468,021	)	$	52.87		(194,533	)	$	70.91		(122,999	)	$	66.10
Awards forfeited		(12,968	)	$	77.29		(8,226	)	$	82.02		—		$	—
Awards expired		(9,683	)	$	60.02		—		$	—		—		$	—
Balance at December 31, 2022		4,061,360		$	62.60		289,918		$	81.21		953,674		$	73.57

(1)

Includes LTI plan awards granted under the executive compensation program.


	Amounts in thousands except per share amounts
	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Weighted average grant date fair value per share for Options granted	$	12.45	$	7.98	$	6.74
Aggregate intrinsic value of Options exercised (1)	$	14,511	$	47,413	$	7,569
Fair value of restricted shares vested	$	17,353	$	9,222	$	10,559
Fair value of restricted units vested	$	10,662	$	12,468	$	18,711

(1)

These values were calculated as the difference between the strike price of the underlying awards and the per share price at which each respective award was exercised.

The following table summarizes information regarding Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2022 (aggregate intrinsic value is in thousands):


	Options		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life in Years		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1)
Options Outstanding		4,061,360		4.85	$	62.60	$	6,303
Options Exercisable		3,549,325		4.36	$	60.80	$	6,303
Vested and expected to vest		506,883		8.26	$	75.07	$	—

(1)

The aggregate intrinsic values were calculated as the excess, if any, between the Company’s closing share price of $59.00 per share on December 31, 2022 and the strike price of the underlying awards.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, 3,710,888 Options (with a weighted average exercise price of $58.70) and 4,985,668 Options (with a weighted average exercise price of $55.12) were exercisable, respectively.

13.

Employee Plans

The Company established an Employee Share Purchase Plan to provide each employee and trustee the ability to annually acquire up to $100,000 of Common Shares of EQR. The Company registered 7,000,000 Common Shares under the ESPP, of which 2,486,599 Common Shares remained available for purchase at December 31, 2022. The Common Shares may be purchased quarterly at a price equal to 85% of the lesser of: (a) the closing price for a share on the last day of such quarter; and (b) the greater of: (i) the closing price for a share on the first day of such quarter, and (ii) the average closing price for a share for all the business days in the quarter.

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The following table summarizes information regarding the Common Shares issued under the ESPP with the net proceeds noted below being contributed to ERPOP in exchange for OP Units (amounts in thousands except share and per share amounts):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022	2021	2020
Shares issued	66,835	70,702	90,196
Issuance price ranges	$52.33 – $72.51	$53.13 – $71.04	$46.23 – $63.84
Issuance proceeds	$4,178	$4,265	$4,508

The Company established a defined contribution plan (the “401(k) Plan”) to provide retirement benefits for employees that meet minimum employment criteria. The Company matches dollar for dollar up to the first 4% of eligible compensation that a participant contributes to the 401(k) Plan for all employees except those defined as highly compensated employees, whose match is 3%. Participants are vested in the Company’s contributions over five years. The Company recognized an expense in the amount of $4.8 million, $4.9 million and $5.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company established the SERP to provide certain officers and trustees an opportunity to defer a portion of their eligible compensation in order to save for retirement. The SERP is restricted to investments in Common Shares, certain marketable securities that have been specifically approved and cash equivalents. The deferred compensation liability represented in the SERP and the securities issued to fund such deferred compensation liability are consolidated by the Company and carried on the Company’s balance sheets, and the Company’s Common Shares held in the SERP are accounted for as a reduction to paid in capital (included in general partner’s capital in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements).

14.

Distribution Reinvestment Plan

On September 30, 2014, the Company filed with the SEC a Form S-3 Registration Statement to register 4,790,000 Common Shares pursuant to a Distribution Reinvestment Plan (the “2014 DRIP”), which included the remaining shares available for issuance under a previous registration. The registration was automatically declared effective the same day and will expire when all 4,790,000 shares have been issued. The Company has 4,631,362 Common Shares available for issuance under the 2014 DRIP at December 31, 2022.

The 2014 DRIP provides holders of record and beneficial owners of Common Shares and Preferred Shares with a simple and convenient method of reinvesting cash dividends/distributions in additional Common Shares. Common Shares purchased under the 2014 DRIP may, at the option of EQR, be directly issued by EQR or purchased by EQR’s transfer agent in the open market using participants’ funds. The net proceeds from any Common Share issuances are contributed to ERPOP in exchange for OP Units.

15.

Transactions with Related Parties

The Company leases its corporate headquarters from an entity affiliated with EQR’s Chairman of the Board of Trustees. The lease term expires on November 30, 2032 and contains two five-year extension options. The amount incurred for such office space for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were approximately $1.7 million, $1.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively. The Company believes these amounts approximate market rates for such rental space.

16.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Real Estate Development Commitments

As of December 31, 2022, the Company has both consolidated and unconsolidated real estate projects under development. The following table summarizes the gross remaining total project costs for the Company’s projects under development at December 31, 2022 (total project costs remaining in thousands):


	Projects		Apartment Units		Total Project Costs Remaining (1)
Projects Under Development
Consolidated		2		537	$	147,708
Unconsolidated		6		1,982		358,277
Total Projects Under Development		8		2,519	$	505,985

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(1)

The Company's share of the $506.0 million in total project costs remaining approximates $146.4 million, with the balance funded by the Company's joint venture partners (approximately $11.2 million) and/or applicable construction loans (approximately $348.4 million).

We have entered into, and may continue in the future to enter into, joint venture agreements with third-party partners for the development of multifamily rental properties. The joint venture agreements with each development partner include buy-sell provisions that provide the right, but not the obligation, for the Company to acquire each respective partner’s interests or sell its interests at any time following the occurrence of certain pre-defined events described in the joint venture agreements. See Note 6 for additional discussion.

In 2021, the Company entered into a commitment agreement (the “Commitment Agreement”) with Toll to pursue the joint development of multifamily rental properties with an initial term of three years. The Company intends to invest 75% of the equity for each selected project and Toll intends to invest 25%. It is expected that each project will also be financed with approximately 60% non-recourse construction debt. The parties have targeted an initial minimum co-investment of approximately $750.0 million in combined equity. The Company and Toll have and expect to continue to enter into separate joint venture agreements for each property, and the Company has and expects to continue to account for these unconsolidated joint ventures under the equity method of accounting. As of December 31, 2022, the Company and Toll have entered into four separate joint venture agreements under the Commitment Agreement, with three projects currently under development.

Other Commitments

We have entered into, and may continue in the future to enter into, real estate technology and other real estate fund investments. At December 31, 2022, the Company has invested in eight real estate technology funds and one other real estate investment fund with aggregate remaining commitments of approximately $19.9 million.

Employment Agreements

The Company has entered into a retirement benefits agreement with its Chairman and a deferred compensation agreement with one former executive officer. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized compensation expense of $(0.2) million, $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively, related to these agreements.

The following table summarizes the Company’s contractual obligations for deferred compensation for the next five years and thereafter as of December 31, 2022:


	(Payments) Due by Year (in thousands)
	2023			2024			2025			2026			2027			Thereafter			Total
Other Long-Term Liabilities:
Deferred Compensation (1)	$	(666	)	$	(767	)	$	(767	)	$	(767	)	$	(767	)	$	(4,220	)	$	(7,954	)

(1)

Estimated payments to the Company’s Chairman and one former executive officer based on actual and estimated retirement dates.

Contingencies

Litigation and Legal Matters

The Company, as an owner of real estate, is subject to various federal, state and local laws. Compliance by the Company with existing laws has not had a material adverse effect on the Company. However, the Company cannot predict the impact of new or changed laws or regulations on its current properties or on properties that it may acquire in the future.

The Company does not believe there is any litigation pending or threatened against it that, individually or in the aggregate, may reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

17.

Reportable Segments

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which they may earn revenues and incur expenses and about which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker. The chief operating decision maker decides how resources are allocated and assesses performance on a recurring basis at least quarterly.

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The Company’s primary business is the acquisition, development and management of multifamily residential properties, which includes the generation of rental and other related income through the leasing of apartment units to residents. The chief operating decision maker evaluates the Company’s operating performance geographically by market and both on a same store and non-same store basis. While the Company does maintain a non-residential presence, it accounts for approximately 3.7% of total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2022 and is designed as an amenity for our residential residents. The chief operating decision maker evaluates the performance of each property on a consolidated residential and non-residential basis. The Company’s geographic consolidated same store operating segments represent its reportable segments.

The Company’s development activities are other business activities that do not constitute an operating segment and as such, have been aggregated in the “Other” category in the tables presented below.

All revenues are from external customers and there is no customer who contributed 10% or more of the Company’s total revenues during the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The primary financial measure for the Company’s rental real estate segment is net operating income (“NOI”), which represents rental income less: 1) property and maintenance expense and 2) real estate taxes and insurance expense (all as reflected in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income). The Company believes that NOI is helpful to investors as a supplemental measure of its operating performance because it is a direct measure of the actual operating results of the Company’s apartment properties. Revenues for all leases are reflected on a straight-line basis in accordance with GAAP for the current and comparable periods.

The following table presents a reconciliation of NOI from our rental real estate for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Rental income	$	2,735,180		$	2,463,997		$	2,571,705
Property and maintenance expense		(483,865	)		(453,532	)		(440,998	)
Real estate taxes and insurance expense		(388,412	)		(397,105	)		(381,562	)
Total operating expenses		(872,277	)		(850,637	)		(822,560	)
Net operating income	$	1,862,903		$	1,613,360		$	1,749,145

The following tables present NOI from our rental real estate for each segment for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, as well as total assets and capital expenditures at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively (amounts in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31, 2022							Year Ended December 31, 2021						Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Rental Income		Operating Expenses			NOI		Rental Income		Operating Expenses		NOI		Rental Income		Operating Expenses		NOI
Same store (1)
Los Angeles	$	469,180	$	137,078		$	332,102	$	431,954	$	132,274	$	299,680	$	444,129	$	140,469	$	303,660
Orange County		122,660		26,338			96,322		109,427		24,986		84,441		105,236		24,545		80,691
San Diego		86,728		19,395			67,333		78,709		18,395		60,314		74,737		18,176		56,561
Subtotal - Southern California		678,568		182,811			495,757		620,090		175,655		444,435		624,102		183,190		440,912

San Francisco		418,941		124,952			293,989		383,817		118,795		265,022		435,371		117,085		318,286
Washington, D.C.		411,975		136,130			275,845		389,205		129,065		260,140		405,571		125,353		280,218
New York		434,820		186,896			247,924		367,370		182,631		184,739		424,534		197,740		226,794
Seattle		282,902		79,101			203,801		256,988		80,775		176,213		257,372		74,362		183,010
Boston		262,604		79,979			182,625		235,050		76,374		158,676		240,158		71,611		168,547
Denver		43,767		12,422			31,345		39,084		11,209		27,875		37,917		11,040		26,877
Total same store		2,533,577		802,291			1,731,286		2,291,604		774,504		1,517,100		2,425,025		780,381		1,644,644

Non-same store/other
Non-same store (2)		179,707		70,654			109,053		59,629		27,691		31,938		11,791		2,706		9,085
Other (3)		21,896		(668	)		22,564		112,764		48,442		64,322		134,889		39,473		95,416
Total non-same store/other		201,603		69,986			131,617		172,393		76,133		96,260		146,680		42,179		104,501

Totals	$	2,735,180	$	872,277		$	1,862,903	$	2,463,997	$	850,637	$	1,613,360	$	2,571,705	$	822,560	$	1,749,145

(1)

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, same store primarily includes all properties acquired or completed that were stabilized prior to January 1, 2021, less properties subsequently sold, which represented 72,872 apartment units. For the year ended December 31, 2020, same store primarily includes all properties acquired or completed that were stabilized prior to January 1, 2020, less properties subsequently sold, which represented 74,077 apartment units.

(2)

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, non-same store primarily includes properties acquired after January 1, 2021, plus any properties in lease-up and not stabilized as of January 1, 2021, and any properties undergoing major renovations. For the year ended December 31, 2020, non-same store primarily includes properties acquired after January 1, 2020, plus any properties in lease-up and not stabilized as of January 1, 2020, and any properties undergoing major renovations.

(3)

Other includes development, other corporate operations and operations prior to disposition for properties sold.

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	Year Ended December 31, 2022				Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Total Assets		Capital Expenditures		Total Assets		Capital Expenditures
Same store (1)
Los Angeles	$	2,590,661	$	35,481	$	2,668,136	$	20,917
Orange County		356,396		7,885		371,063		5,647
San Diego		228,471		8,798		232,345		2,899
Subtotal - Southern California		3,175,528		52,164		3,271,544		29,463

San Francisco		3,068,951		33,854		3,165,347		20,021
Washington, D.C.		3,027,549		34,174		3,134,677		27,061
New York		3,421,373		21,636		3,513,047		28,742
Seattle		2,076,320		28,086		2,140,925		15,203
Boston		1,676,783		23,057		1,739,184		21,129
Denver		473,127		2,139		492,454		2,015
Total same store		16,919,631		195,110		17,457,178		143,634

Non-same store/other
Non-same store (2)		2,501,008		25,429		2,439,634		4,491
Other (3)		797,623		547		1,272,429		2,894
Total non-same store/other		3,298,631		25,976		3,712,063		7,385

Totals	$	20,218,262	$	221,086	$	21,169,241	$	151,019

(1)

Same store primarily includes all properties acquired or completed that were stabilized prior to January 1, 2021, less properties subsequently sold, which represented 72,872 apartment units.

(2)

Non-same store primarily includes properties acquired after January 1, 2021, plus any properties in lease-up and not stabilized as of January 1, 2021, and any properties undergoing major renovations.

(3)

Other includes development, other corporate operations and capital expenditures for properties sold.

18.

Subsequent Events

There have been no material subsequent events occurring since December 31, 2022.

•

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

Overall Summary

December 31, 2022


	Properties		Apartment Units		Investment in Real Estate, Gross		Accumulated Depreciation			Investment in Real Estate, Net		Encumbrances (1)
Wholly Owned Unencumbered		256		67,542	$	23,810,329,470	$	(7,664,733,730	)	$	16,145,595,740	$	—
Wholly Owned Encumbered		37		8,941		3,376,901,549		(1,095,745,422	)		2,281,156,127		1,816,819,525
Wholly Owned Properties		293		76,483		27,187,231,019		(8,760,479,152	)		18,426,751,867		1,816,819,525
Partially Owned Unencumbered		13		2,646		666,489,021		(239,628,682	)		426,860,339		—
Partially Owned Encumbered		2		468		235,033,453		(27,742,015	)		207,291,438		136,618,560
Partially Owned Properties		15		3,114		901,522,474		(267,370,697	)		634,151,777		136,618,560
Total Unencumbered Properties		269		70,188		24,476,818,491		(7,904,362,412	)		16,572,456,079		—
Total Encumbered Properties		39		9,409		3,611,935,002		(1,123,487,437	)		2,488,447,565		1,953,438,085
Total Consolidated Investment in Real Estate		308		79,597	$	28,088,753,493	$	(9,027,849,849	)	$	19,060,903,644	$	1,953,438,085

(1)

See attached Encumbrances Reconciliation.

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

Encumbrances Reconciliation

December 31, 2022


Portfolio/Entity Encumbrances	Number of Properties Encumbered by		See Properties With Note:	Amount
Archstone Master Property Holdings LLC		13	H	$	799,609,043
Portfolio/Entity Encumbrances		13			799,609,043
Individual Property Encumbrances					1,153,829,042
Total Encumbrances per Financial Statements				$	1,953,438,085

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

(Amounts in thousands)

The changes in total real estate for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:


	2022			2021			2020
Balance, beginning of year	$	28,272,906		$	27,203,325		$	27,533,607
Acquisitions and development		214,903			1,912,579			298,847
Improvements		225,136			152,715			154,433
Dispositions and other		(624,191	)		(995,713	)		(783,562	)
Balance, end of year	$	28,088,754		$	28,272,906		$	27,203,325

The changes in accumulated depreciation for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:


	2022			2021			2020
Balance, beginning of year	$	8,354,282		$	7,859,657		$	7,276,786
Depreciation		882,168			838,272			820,832
Dispositions and other		(208,600	)		(343,647	)		(237,961	)
Balance, end of year	$	9,027,850		$	8,354,282		$	7,859,657

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2022


Description							Initial Cost to Company				Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition (Improvements, net) (E)		Gross Amount Carried at Close of Period 12/31/22
Apartment Name	Location	Non-Residential Components		Date of Construction	Apartment Units		Land		Building & Fixtures		Building & Fixtures		Land		Building & Fixtures (A)		Total (B)		Accumulated Depreciation (C)			Investment in Real Estate, Net at 12/31/22		Encumbrances
Wholly Owned Unencumbered:
100 K Apartments (fka 100K Street)	Washington, D.C.		—	2018		222	$	15,600,000	$	70,296,069	$	118,357	$	15,600,000	$	70,414,426	$	86,014,426	$	(11,947,067	)	$	74,067,359	$	—
170 Amsterdam	New York, NY	G		2015		236		—		112,096,955		873,284		—		112,970,239		112,970,239		(34,043,879	)		78,926,360		—
175 Kent	Brooklyn, NY	G		2011		113		22,037,831		53,962,169		2,748,393		22,037,831		56,710,562		78,748,393		(24,154,395	)		54,593,998		—
180 Montague (fka Brooklyn Heights)	Brooklyn, NY	G		2000		193		32,400,000		92,675,228		5,887,763		32,400,000		98,562,991		130,962,991		(37,808,894	)		93,154,097		—
180 Riverside Boulevard	New York, NY	G		1998		516		144,968,250		138,346,681		21,777,910		144,968,250		160,124,591		305,092,841		(95,800,315	)		209,292,526		—
1210 Mass	Washington, D.C.	G		2004		144		9,213,512		36,559,189		5,206,790		9,213,512		41,765,979		50,979,491		(24,625,028	)		26,354,463		—
1401 Joyce on Pentagon Row	Arlington, VA		—	2004		326		9,780,000		89,668,165		8,362,559		9,780,000		98,030,724		107,810,724		(48,077,244	)		59,733,480		—
1500 Mass Ave	Washington, D.C.	G		1951		556		54,638,298		40,361,702		17,314,785		54,638,298		57,676,487		112,314,785		(36,090,603	)		76,224,182		—
1800 Oak (fka Rosslyn)	Arlington, VA	G		2003		314		31,400,000		109,005,734		12,374,587		31,400,000		121,380,321		152,780,321		(47,084,778	)		105,695,543		—
2201 Pershing Drive	Arlington, VA	G		2012		188		11,321,198		49,674,175		3,334,541		11,321,198		53,008,716		64,329,914		(21,108,327	)		43,221,587		—
2201 Wilson	Arlington, VA	G		2000		219		21,900,000		78,724,663		8,420,498		21,900,000		87,145,161		109,045,161		(32,851,672	)		76,193,489		—
2400 M St	Washington, D.C.	G		2006		359		30,006,593		114,013,785		5,316,469		30,006,593		119,330,254		149,336,847		(69,768,932	)		79,567,915		—
315 on A	Boston, MA	G		2013		202		14,450,070		115,824,930		1,849,886		14,450,070		117,674,816		132,124,886		(35,660,011	)		96,464,875		—
340 Fremont (fka Rincon Hill)	San Francisco, CA		—	2016		348		42,000,000		248,607,902		845,648		42,000,000		249,453,550		291,453,550		(62,382,935	)		229,070,615		—
341 Nevins	Brooklyn, NY		—	(F)		—		3,621,717		308,661		—		3,621,717		308,661		3,930,378		—			3,930,378		—
3003 Van Ness (fka Van Ness)	Washington, D.C.		—	1970		625		56,300,000		141,191,580		11,966,163		56,300,000		153,157,743		209,457,743		(59,966,206	)		149,491,537		—
425 Mass	Washington, D.C.	G		2009		559		28,150,000		138,600,000		7,678,062		28,150,000		146,278,062		174,428,062		(68,166,012	)		106,262,050		—
455 Eye Street	Washington, D.C.	G		2017		174		11,941,407		61,418,689		220,558		11,941,407		61,639,247		73,580,654		(13,446,641	)		60,134,013		—
4th and Hill	Los Angeles, CA		—	(F)		—		13,131,456		1,868,544		—		13,131,456		1,868,544		15,000,000		—			15,000,000		—
55 West Fifth I & II (fka Townhouse Plaza and Gardens)	San Mateo, CA		—	1964/1972		241		21,041,710		71,931,323		16,597,875		21,041,710		88,529,198		109,570,908		(39,856,719	)		69,714,189		—
600 Washington	New York, NY	G		2004		135		32,852,000		43,140,551		4,393,943		32,852,000		47,534,494		80,386,494		(27,305,832	)		53,080,662		—
660 Washington (fka Boston Common)	Boston, MA	G		2006		420		106,100,000		166,311,679		16,424,115		106,100,000		182,735,794		288,835,794		(66,003,911	)		222,831,883		—
70 Greene	Jersey City, NJ	G		2010		480		28,108,899		236,763,553		5,882,189		28,108,899		242,645,742		270,754,641		(106,757,715	)		163,996,926		—
71 Broadway	New York, NY	G		1997		238		22,611,600		77,492,171		21,574,386		22,611,600		99,066,557		121,678,157		(63,873,265	)		57,804,892		—
77 Bluxome	San Francisco, CA		—	2007		102		5,249,124		18,609,876		701,746		5,249,124		19,311,622		24,560,746		(8,233,756	)		16,326,990		—
77 Park Avenue (fka Hoboken)	Hoboken, NJ	G		2000		301		27,900,000		168,992,440		10,981,777		27,900,000		179,974,217		207,874,217		(67,423,156	)		140,451,061		—
777 Sixth	New York, NY	G		2002		294		65,352,706		65,747,294		7,342,095		65,352,706		73,089,389		138,442,095		(37,935,617	)		100,506,478		—
88 Hillside	Daly City, CA	G		2011		95		7,786,800		31,587,325		4,090,905		7,786,800		35,678,230		43,465,030		(15,507,323	)		27,957,707		—
855 Brannan	San Francisco, CA	G		2018		449		41,363,921		282,730,067		791,530		41,363,921		283,521,597		324,885,518		(57,385,586	)		267,499,932		—
929 Mass (fka 929 House)	Cambridge, MA	G		1975		127		3,252,993		21,745,595		9,408,793		3,252,993		31,154,388		34,407,381		(23,489,575	)		10,917,806		—
Academy Village	North Hollywood, CA		—	1989		248		25,000,000		23,593,194		12,730,206		25,000,000		36,323,400		61,323,400		(24,155,942	)		37,167,458		—
Acappella	Pasadena, CA		—	2002		143		5,839,548		29,360,452		2,564,708		5,839,548		31,925,160		37,764,708		(15,642,799	)		22,121,909		—
Alban Towers	Washington, D.C.		—	1934		229		18,900,000		89,794,201		7,663,308		18,900,000		97,457,509		116,357,509		(36,633,733	)		79,723,776		—
Alborada	Fremont, CA		—	1999		442		24,310,000		59,214,129		10,322,001		24,310,000		69,536,130		93,846,130		(52,639,765	)		41,206,365		—
Alcott Apartments (fka West End Tower)	Boston, MA	G		2021		470		10,424,000		397,689,562		153,059		10,424,000		397,842,621		408,266,621		(17,988,355	)		390,278,266		—
Alcyone	Seattle, WA	G		2004		162		11,379,497		49,360,503		2,335,387		11,379,497		51,695,890		63,075,387		(17,135,294	)		45,940,093		—
Altitude (fka Village at Howard Hughes, The (Lots 1 & 2))	Los Angeles, CA		—	2016		545		43,783,485		150,234,305		768,468		43,783,485		151,002,773		194,786,258		(39,032,515	)		155,753,743		—
Alton, The (fka Millikan)	Irvine, CA		—	2017		344		11,049,027		96,523,927		444,288		11,049,027		96,968,215		108,017,242		(23,284,909	)		84,732,333		—
Arbor Terrace	Sunnyvale, CA		—	1979		177		9,057,300		18,483,642		12,974,052		9,057,300		31,457,694		40,514,994		(22,871,546	)		17,643,448		—
Arches, The	Sunnyvale, CA		—	1974		410		26,650,000		62,850,000		8,667,397		26,650,000		71,517,397		98,167,397		(31,720,951	)		66,446,446		—
Artisan on Second	Los Angeles, CA		—	2008		118		8,000,400		36,074,600		1,773,555		8,000,400		37,848,155		45,848,555		(16,682,625	)		29,165,930		—

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EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2022


Description							Initial Cost to Company				Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition (Improvements, net) (E)		Gross Amount Carried at Close of Period 12/31/22
Apartment Name	Location	Non-Residential Components		Date of Construction	Apartment Units		Land		Building & Fixtures		Building & Fixtures		Land		Building & Fixtures (A)		Total (B)		Accumulated Depreciation (C)			Investment in Real Estate, Net at 12/31/22		Encumbrances
Artistry Emeryville (fka Emeryville)	Emeryville, CA		—	1994		267		12,300,000		61,466,267		9,277,700		12,300,000		70,743,967		83,043,967		(29,468,973	)		53,574,994		—
Atelier	Brooklyn, NY	G		2015		120		32,401,680		47,135,432		864,452		32,401,680		47,999,884		80,401,564		(13,864,493	)		66,537,071		—
Avenue Two	Redwood City, CA		—	1972		123		7,995,000		18,005,000		3,218,915		7,995,000		21,223,915		29,218,915		(10,054,846	)		19,164,069		—
Axis at Shady Grove	Rockville, MD		—	2016		366		14,745,774		90,503,831		470,604		14,745,774		90,974,435		105,720,209		(20,048,451	)		85,671,758		—
Azure (fka Mission Bay-Block 13)	San Francisco, CA		—	2015		273		32,855,115		153,566,841		1,614,260		32,855,115		155,181,101		188,036,216		(42,622,898	)		145,413,318		—
Bay Hill	Long Beach, CA		—	2002		160		7,600,000		27,437,239		4,626,774		7,600,000		32,064,013		39,664,013		(20,533,563	)		19,130,450		—
Beatrice, The	New York, NY		—	2010		302		114,351,405		165,648,595		3,361,487		114,351,405		169,010,082		283,361,487		(67,992,813	)		215,368,674		—
Bella Vista I, II, III Combined	Woodland Hills, CA		—	2003-2007		579		31,682,754		121,095,786		12,495,872		31,682,754		133,591,658		165,274,412		(78,584,749	)		86,689,663		—
Belle Arts Condominium Homes, LLC	Bellevue, WA		—	2000		1		63,158		236,157		2,098		63,158		238,255		301,413		(116,241	)		185,172		—
Belle Fontaine	Marina Del Rey, CA		—	2003		102		9,098,808		28,701,192		2,883,835		9,098,808		31,585,027		40,683,835		(13,248,942	)		27,434,893		—
Breakwater at Marina Del Rey	Marina Del Rey, CA		—	1964-1969		224		—		73,189,262		2,754,554		—		75,943,816		75,943,816		(30,159,723	)		45,784,093		—
Briarwood (CA)	Sunnyvale, CA		—	1985		192		9,991,500		22,247,278		5,601,488		9,991,500		27,848,766		37,840,266		(22,206,373	)		15,633,893		—
Brodie, The	Westminster, CO		—	2016		312		8,639,904		79,256,940		1,143,901		8,639,904		80,400,841		89,040,745		(16,788,446	)		72,252,299		—
Brooklyner, The (fka 111 Lawrence)	Brooklyn, NY	G		2010		490		40,099,922		221,438,631		5,865,063		40,099,922		227,303,694		267,403,616		(93,897,222	)		173,506,394		—
C on Pico	Los Angeles, CA		—	2014		94		17,125,766		28,074,234		674,098		17,125,766		28,748,332		45,874,098		(8,307,453	)		37,566,645		—
Carlyle Mill	Alexandria, VA		—	2002		317		10,000,000		51,367,913		11,079,514		10,000,000		62,447,427		72,447,427		(42,035,228	)		30,412,199		—
Carmel Terrace	San Diego, CA		—	1988-1989		384		2,288,300		20,596,281		14,843,791		2,288,300		35,440,072		37,728,372		(31,639,776	)		6,088,596		—
Cascade	Seattle, WA	G		2017		477		23,751,564		149,406,957		575,259		23,751,564		149,982,216		173,733,780		(32,505,847	)		141,227,933		—
Centennial (fka Centennial Court & Centennial Tower)	Seattle, WA	G		1991/2001		408		9,700,000		70,080,378		16,430,466		9,700,000		86,510,844		96,210,844		(54,699,023	)		41,511,821		—
Centre Club Combined	Ontario, CA		—	1994 & 2002		412		7,436,000		33,014,789		10,995,514		7,436,000		44,010,303		51,446,303		(32,105,510	)		19,340,793		—
Chelsea Square	Redmond, WA		—	1991		113		3,397,100		9,289,074		3,299,009		3,397,100		12,588,083		15,985,183		(10,213,447	)		5,771,736		—
Chloe on Madison (fka 1401 E. Madison)	Seattle, WA	G		2019		137		10,401,958		53,807,106		43,467		10,401,958		53,850,573		64,252,531		(7,027,468	)		57,225,063		—
Chloe on Union (fka Chloe)	Seattle, WA	G		2010		117		14,835,571		39,359,650		3,081,197		14,835,571		42,440,847		57,276,418		(10,171,551	)		47,104,867		—
Church Corner	Cambridge, MA	G		1987		85		5,220,000		16,744,643		3,600,746		5,220,000		20,345,389		25,565,389		(13,313,791	)		12,251,598		—
Circa Fitzsimons	Denver, CO		—	2020		280		9,241,400		86,070,796		474,244		9,241,400		86,545,040		95,786,440		(7,763,471	)		88,022,969		—
City Gate at Cupertino (fka Cupertino)	Cupertino, CA		—	1998		311		40,400,000		95,937,046		8,167,032		40,400,000		104,104,078		144,504,078		(41,009,589	)		103,494,489		—
City Square Bellevue (fka Bellevue)	Bellevue, WA	G		1998		191		15,100,000		41,876,257		4,334,618		15,100,000		46,210,875		61,310,875		(18,516,662	)		42,794,213		—
Clarendon, The	Arlington, VA	G		2005		292		30,400,340		103,824,660		3,166,324		30,400,340		106,990,984		137,391,324		(47,350,954	)		90,040,370		—
Cleo, The	Los Angeles, CA		—	1989		92		6,615,467		14,829,335		4,575,938		6,615,467		19,405,273		26,020,740		(11,563,408	)		14,457,332		—
Connecticut Heights	Washington, D.C.		—	1974		518		27,600,000		114,002,295		11,472,554		27,600,000		125,474,849		153,074,849		(48,629,875	)		104,444,974		—
Corcoran House at DuPont Circle (fka DuPont Circle)	Washington, D.C.	G		1961		138		13,500,000		26,913,113		4,899,921		13,500,000		31,813,034		45,313,034		(12,714,363	)		32,598,671		—
Courthouse Plaza	Arlington, VA	G		1990		396		—		87,386,024		8,488,969		—		95,874,993		95,874,993		(39,049,234	)		56,825,759		—
Creekside (San Mateo)	San Mateo, CA		—	1985		192		9,606,600		21,193,232		5,960,684		9,606,600		27,153,916		36,760,516		(22,033,090	)		14,727,426		—
Cronins Landing	Waltham, MA	G		1998		281		32,300,000		85,119,324		15,325,293		32,300,000		100,444,617		132,744,617		(39,790,380	)		92,954,237		—
Crystal Place	Arlington, VA		—	1986		181		17,200,000		47,918,975		4,699,279		17,200,000		52,618,254		69,818,254		(21,346,735	)		48,471,519		—
Dalton, The	Alexandria, VA	G		2018		270		22,947,777		95,334,754		454,380		22,947,777		95,789,134		118,736,911		(14,548,074	)		104,188,837		—
Deerwood (SD)	San Diego, CA		—	1990		316		2,082,095		18,739,815		17,949,500		2,082,095		36,689,315		38,771,410		(33,440,329	)		5,331,081		—
Del Mar Ridge	San Diego, CA		—	1998		181		7,801,824		36,948,176		5,974,943		7,801,824		42,923,119		50,724,943		(21,861,664	)		28,863,279		—
Eagle Canyon	Chino Hills, CA		—	1985		252		1,808,900		16,274,361		12,390,469		1,808,900		28,664,830		30,473,730		(24,294,152	)		6,179,578		—
Edge, The (fka 4885 Edgemoor Lane)	Bethesda, MD		—	2021		154		—		72,788,808		13,063		—		72,801,871		72,801,871		(4,378,237	)		68,423,634		—
Edgemont at Bethesda Metro	Bethesda, MD		—	1989		123		13,092,552		43,907,448		4,482,432		13,092,552		48,389,880		61,482,432		(20,248,395	)		41,234,037		—
Emerson Place	Boston, MA	G		1962		444		14,855,000		57,566,636		38,628,593		14,855,000		96,195,229		111,050,229		(76,597,956	)		34,452,273		—
Encore at Sherman Oaks, The	Sherman Oaks, CA		—	1988		174		8,700,000		25,446,003		4,809,250		8,700,000		30,255,253		38,955,253		(14,274,387	)		24,680,866		—
Eviva on Cherokee	Denver, CO		—	2017		274		10,507,626		100,037,204		1,860,527		10,507,626		101,897,731		112,405,357		(18,556,701	)		93,848,656		—

S-5

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2022


Description							Initial Cost to Company				Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition (Improvements, net) (E)		Gross Amount Carried at Close of Period 12/31/22
Apartment Name	Location	Non-Residential Components		Date of Construction	Apartment Units		Land		Building & Fixtures		Building & Fixtures		Land		Building & Fixtures (A)		Total (B)		Accumulated Depreciation (C)			Investment in Real Estate, Net at 12/31/22		Encumbrances
Flora	Austin, TX		—	2019		194		5,733,088		32,343,349		192,360		5,733,088		32,535,709		38,268,797		(4,201,809	)		34,066,988		—
Fremont Center	Fremont, CA	G		2002		322		25,800,000		78,753,114		7,285,452		25,800,000		86,038,566		111,838,566		(33,761,134	)		78,077,432		—
Gaithersburg Station	Gaithersburg, MD	G		2013		400		17,500,000		74,678,917		5,224,502		17,500,000		79,903,419		97,403,419		(29,469,619	)		67,933,800		—
Gateway at Malden Center	Malden, MA	G		1988		203		9,209,780		25,722,666		18,846,091		9,209,780		44,568,757		53,778,537		(32,286,012	)		21,492,525		—
Geary Court Yard	San Francisco, CA		—	1990		165		1,722,400		15,471,429		6,540,464		1,722,400		22,011,893		23,734,293		(18,375,315	)		5,358,978		—
Girard	Boston, MA	G		2016		160		—		102,450,328		1,158,171		—		103,608,499		103,608,499		(22,398,155	)		81,210,344		—
Hampshire Place	Los Angeles, CA		—	1989		259		10,806,000		30,335,330		11,225,496		10,806,000		41,560,826		52,366,826		(24,997,884	)		27,368,942		—
Harbor Steps	Seattle, WA	G		2000		761		59,403,601		158,829,432		49,422,576		59,403,601		208,252,008		267,655,609		(124,036,014	)		143,619,595		—
Hathaway	Long Beach, CA		—	1987		385		2,512,500		22,611,912		15,679,986		2,512,500		38,291,898		40,804,398		(31,724,680	)		9,079,718		—
Helios (fka 2nd+Pine)	Seattle, WA	G		2017		398		18,061,674		206,762,591		958,328		18,061,674		207,720,919		225,782,593		(44,822,360	)		180,960,233		—
Heritage at Stone Ridge	Burlington, MA		—	2005		180		10,800,000		31,808,335		4,835,568		10,800,000		36,643,903		47,443,903		(21,603,853	)		25,840,050		—
Heritage Ridge	Lynwood, WA		—	1999		197		6,895,000		18,983,597		5,406,272		6,895,000		24,389,869		31,284,869		(14,983,556	)		16,301,313		—
Hesby	North Hollywood, CA		—	2013		308		23,299,892		102,700,108		2,889,705		23,299,892		105,589,813		128,889,705		(35,650,223	)		93,239,482		—
Highlands at South Plainfield	South Plainfield, NJ		—	2000		252		10,080,000		37,526,912		3,417,910		10,080,000		40,944,822		51,024,822		(24,715,819	)		26,309,003		—
Hikari	Los Angeles, CA	G		2007		128		9,435,760		32,564,240		1,840,553		9,435,760		34,404,793		43,840,553		(14,977,251	)		28,863,302		—
Hudson Crossing	New York, NY	G		2003		259		23,420,000		69,977,699		4,057,602		23,420,000		74,035,301		97,455,301		(46,188,890	)		51,266,411		—
Hudson Pointe	Jersey City, NJ		—	2003		182		5,350,000		41,114,074		8,519,647		5,350,000		49,633,721		54,983,721		(32,045,583	)		22,938,138		—
Huxley, The	Redwood City, CA		—	2018		137		18,775,028		89,336,651		302,791		18,775,028		89,639,442		108,414,470		(13,549,420	)		94,865,050		—
Indie Deep Ellum	Dallas, TX	G		2020		231		12,253,503		63,853,704		333,872		12,253,503		64,187,576		76,441,079		(6,111,055	)		70,330,024		—
Ivory Wood	Bothell, WA		—	2000		144		2,732,800		13,888,282		4,232,149		2,732,800		18,120,431		20,853,231		(10,518,766	)		10,334,465		—
Jia (fka Chinatown Gateway)	Los Angeles, CA	G		2014		280		14,791,831		78,286,423		2,131,858		14,791,831		80,418,281		95,210,112		(30,341,299	)		64,868,813		—
Junction 47 (fka West Seattle)	Seattle, WA	G		2015		206		11,726,305		56,581,665		986,404		11,726,305		57,568,069		69,294,374		(16,946,678	)		52,347,696		—
Juniper Sandy Springs	Sandy Springs, GA		—	2017		230		8,668,700		64,989,813		241,832		8,668,700		65,231,645		73,900,345		(5,646,809	)		68,253,536		—
Kelvin, The (fka Modera)	Irvine, CA		—	2015		194		15,521,552		64,853,448		1,173,016		15,521,552		66,026,464		81,548,016		(20,199,995	)		61,348,021		—
Kilby	Frisco, TX		—	2020		258		6,431,940		64,187,474		139,395		6,431,940		64,326,869		70,758,809		(6,440,466	)		64,318,343		—
Laguna Clara	Santa Clara, CA		—	1972		222		10,441,994		22,572,843		17,692,369		10,441,994		40,265,212		50,707,206		(20,593,789	)		30,113,417		—
Laguna Clara II	Santa Clara, CA		—	(F)		—		3,200,426		21,360,769		—		3,200,426		21,360,769		24,561,195		—			24,561,195		—
Landings at Port Imperial	W. New York, NJ		—	1999		276		27,246,045		37,741,049		17,699,560		27,246,045		55,440,609		82,686,654		(39,896,355	)		42,790,299		—
Lane	Seattle, WA	G		2019		217		13,142,946		71,940,276		330,375		13,142,946		72,270,651		85,413,597		(10,315,294	)		75,098,303		—
Lex, The	San Jose, CA		—	2017		387		21,817,512		158,778,598		1,334,350		21,817,512		160,112,948		181,930,460		(27,171,976	)		154,758,484		—
Liberty Park	Braintree, MA		—	2000		202		5,977,504		26,749,110		8,761,439		5,977,504		35,510,549		41,488,053		(24,345,405	)		17,142,648		—
Liberty Tower	Arlington, VA	G		2008		235		16,382,822		83,817,078		7,907,595		16,382,822		91,724,673		108,107,495		(41,539,645	)		66,567,850		—
Lincoln Heights	Quincy, MA		—	1991		336		5,928,400		33,595,262		16,724,209		5,928,400		50,319,471		56,247,871		(42,708,830	)		13,539,041		—
Lofts at Kendall Square (fka Kendall Square)	Cambridge, MA		—	1998		186		18,696,674		78,445,657		8,134,204		18,696,674		86,579,861		105,276,535		(34,435,985	)		70,840,550		—
Lofts at Kendall Square ll (fka 249 Third Street)	Cambridge, MA	G		2019		84		4,603,326		44,187,266		51,779		4,603,326		44,239,045		48,842,371		(5,641,481	)		43,200,890		—
Longacre House	New York, NY	G		2000		293		73,170,045		53,962,510		7,138,240		73,170,045		61,100,750		134,270,795		(32,498,890	)		101,771,905		—
Longfellow Place	Boston, MA	G		1975		710		38,264,917		132,175,915		102,674,772		38,264,917		234,850,687		273,115,604		(182,527,965	)		90,587,639		—
Luna Upper Westside	Atlanta, GA		—	2020		345		14,847,420		108,325,394		286,230		14,847,420		108,611,624		123,459,044		(8,732,860	)		114,726,184		—
Madox	Jersey City, NJ	G		2013		131		9,679,635		64,594,205		1,526,495		9,679,635		66,120,700		75,800,335		(12,710,345	)		63,089,990		—
Mantena	New York, NY	G		2012		98		22,346,513		61,501,158		1,952,525		22,346,513		63,453,683		85,800,196		(24,407,861	)		61,392,335		—
Mara Pacific Beach	San Diego, CA	G		2020		172		25,360,682		87,755,429		402,658		25,360,682		88,158,087		113,518,769		(5,771,661	)		107,747,108		—
Marina 41 (fka Marina Del Rey)	Marina Del Rey, CA		—	1973		623		—		168,842,442		11,795,707		—		180,638,149		180,638,149		(72,019,685	)		108,618,464		—
Mariposa at Playa Del Rey (fka Playa Del Rey)	Playa Del Rey, CA		—	2004		354		60,900,000		89,311,482		8,681,246		60,900,000		97,992,728		158,892,728		(38,697,798	)		120,194,930		—

S-6

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2022


Description							Initial Cost to Company				Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition (Improvements, net) (E)		Gross Amount Carried at Close of Period 12/31/22
Apartment Name	Location	Non-Residential Components		Date of Construction	Apartment Units		Land		Building & Fixtures		Building & Fixtures		Land		Building & Fixtures (A)		Total (B)		Accumulated Depreciation (C)			Investment in Real Estate, Net at 12/31/22		Encumbrances
Market Street Village	San Diego, CA		—	2006		229		13,740,000		40,757,301		3,086,270		13,740,000		43,843,571		57,583,571		(25,501,351	)		32,082,220		—
Marlowe (fka Oakwood Crystal City)	Arlington, VA		—	1987		162		15,400,000		35,474,336		5,248,421		15,400,000		40,722,757		56,122,757		(16,520,673	)		39,602,084		—
Milano Lofts	Los Angeles, CA	G		1925/2006		99		8,125,216		27,378,784		4,867,971		8,125,216		32,246,755		40,371,971		(13,222,232	)		27,149,739		—
Mill Creek	Milpitas, CA		—	1991		516		12,858,693		57,168,503		19,425,365		12,858,693		76,593,868		89,452,561		(50,263,493	)		39,189,068		—
Milo	Denver, CO		—	2020		319		15,957,975		153,331,358		1,032,312		15,957,975		154,363,670		170,321,645		(9,704,486	)		160,617,159		—
Mosaic at Metro	Hyattsville, MD		—	2008		260		—		59,580,898		2,012,533		—		61,593,431		61,593,431		(30,003,658	)		31,589,773		—
Mountain View Redevelopment	Mountain View, CA		—	(F)		—		—		2,589,543		—		—		2,589,543		2,589,543		—			2,589,543		—
Mozaic at Union Station	Los Angeles, CA		—	2007		272		8,500,000		52,529,446		3,490,903		8,500,000		56,020,349		64,520,349		(31,748,137	)		32,772,212		—
Murray Hill Tower (fka Murray Hill)	New York, NY	G		1974		270		75,800,000		102,705,401		14,991,455		75,800,000		117,696,856		193,496,856		(48,050,917	)		145,445,939		—
Next on Sixth	Los Angeles, CA	G		2017		398		52,509,906		136,635,650		717,015		52,509,906		137,352,665		189,862,571		(24,161,125	)		165,701,446		—
North Pier at Harborside	Jersey City, NJ		—	2003		297		4,000,159		94,290,590		12,335,354		4,000,159		106,625,944		110,626,103		(65,149,768	)		45,476,335		—
Northglen	Valencia, CA		—	1988		234		9,360,000		20,778,553		7,684,511		9,360,000		28,463,064		37,823,064		(20,322,900	)		17,500,164		—
Northpark	Burlingame, CA		—	1972		510		38,607,000		77,472,217		18,243,943		38,607,000		95,716,160		134,323,160		(51,062,231	)		83,260,929		—
Oak Park Combined	Agoura Hills, CA		—	1989 & 1990		444		3,390,700		30,517,274		12,750,164		3,390,700		43,267,438		46,658,138		(38,437,510	)		8,220,628		—
Oaks	Santa Clarita, CA		—	2000		520		23,400,000		61,020,438		14,204,778		23,400,000		75,225,216		98,625,216		(46,957,294	)		51,667,922		—
Ocean Crest	Solana Beach, CA		—	1986		146		5,111,200		11,910,438		5,469,025		5,111,200		17,379,463		22,490,663		(13,994,857	)		8,495,806		—
Odin (fka Tallman)	Seattle, WA		—	2015		301		16,807,519		64,519,515		690,891		16,807,519		65,210,406		82,017,925		(18,952,155	)		63,065,770		—
Olivian at the Realm	Lewisville, TX		—	2021		421		14,854,564		109,310,039		154,217		14,854,564		109,464,256		124,318,820		(7,519,616	)		116,799,204		—
One Henry Adams	San Francisco, CA	G		2016		241		30,224,393		139,654,146		941,609		30,224,393		140,595,755		170,820,148		(33,716,718	)		137,103,430		—
One India Street (fka Oakwood Boston)	Boston, MA	G		1901		94		22,200,000		28,672,979		7,157,116		22,200,000		35,830,095		58,030,095		(14,916,926	)		43,113,169		—
Osprey	Atlanta, GA	G		2020		320		18,121,932		116,950,910		172,416		18,121,932		117,123,326		135,245,258		(8,948,571	)		126,296,687		—
Pacific Place	Los Angeles, CA		—	2008		430		32,250,000		110,750,000		4,111,677		32,250,000		114,861,677		147,111,677		(42,362,494	)		104,749,183		—
Packard Building	Seattle, WA	G		2010		61		5,911,041		19,954,959		1,469,814		5,911,041		21,424,773		27,335,814		(6,446,067	)		20,889,747		—
Parc 77	New York, NY	G		1903		137		40,504,000		18,025,679		7,676,398		40,504,000		25,702,077		66,206,077		(16,735,945	)		49,470,132		—
Parc Cameron	New York, NY	G		1927		166		37,600,000		9,855,597		8,276,153		37,600,000		18,131,750		55,731,750		(13,345,490	)		42,386,260		—
Parc Coliseum	New York, NY	G		1910		177		52,654,000		23,045,751		10,565,103		52,654,000		33,610,854		86,264,854		(22,366,482	)		63,898,372		—
Parc East Towers	New York, NY	G		1977		324		102,163,000		108,989,402		14,803,968		102,163,000		123,793,370		225,956,370		(69,894,282	)		156,062,088		—
Parc on Powell (fka Parkside at Emeryville)	Emeryville, CA	G		2015		173		16,667,059		65,473,337		1,021,766		16,667,059		66,495,103		83,162,162		(20,020,764	)		63,141,398		—
Park Connecticut	Washington, D.C.		—	2000		142		13,700,000		59,087,519		3,885,983		13,700,000		62,973,502		76,673,502		(23,160,708	)		53,512,794		—
Park West (CA)	Los Angeles, CA		—	1987/1990		444		3,033,500		27,302,383		14,094,687		3,033,500		41,397,070		44,430,570		(36,021,598	)		8,408,972		—
Parkside	Union City, CA		—	1979		208		6,246,700		11,827,453		8,737,771		6,246,700		20,565,224		26,811,924		(16,030,621	)		10,781,303		—
Pearl, The (WA)	Seattle, WA	G		2008		80		6,972,585		26,527,415		1,403,758		6,972,585		27,931,173		34,903,758		(8,660,957	)		26,242,801		—
Pearl MDR (fka Oakwood Marina Del Rey)	Marina Del Rey, CA	G		1969		597		—		120,795,359		13,477,577		—		134,272,936		134,272,936		(53,218,370	)		81,054,566		—
Pegasus	Los Angeles, CA	G		1949/2003		322		18,094,052		81,905,948		10,224,057		18,094,052		92,130,005		110,224,057		(42,331,513	)		67,892,544		—
Portofino	Chino Hills, CA		—	1989		176		3,572,400		14,660,994		4,818,688		3,572,400		19,479,682		23,052,082		(16,141,591	)		6,910,491		—
Portofino (Val)	Valencia, CA		—	1989		216		8,640,000		21,487,126		6,883,676		8,640,000		28,370,802		37,010,802		(20,895,885	)		16,114,917		—
Portside Towers	Jersey City, NJ	G		1992-1997		527		22,487,006		96,842,913		30,111,517		22,487,006		126,954,430		149,441,436		(103,497,789	)		45,943,647		—
Potrero 1010	San Francisco, CA	G		2016		453		40,830,011		181,924,463		1,837,147		40,830,011		183,761,610		224,591,621		(48,837,157	)		175,754,464		—
Prado (fka Glendale)	Glendale, CA		—	1988		264		—		67,977,313		7,080,681		—		75,057,994		75,057,994		(29,571,046	)		45,486,948		—
Prime, The	Arlington, VA		—	2002		281		34,625,000		77,879,740		8,041,396		34,625,000		85,921,136		120,546,136		(41,828,588	)		78,717,548		—
Prism at Park Avenue South (fka 400 Park Avenue South)	New York, NY	G		2015		269		76,292,169		171,812,112		403,354		76,292,169		172,215,466		248,507,635		(52,304,125	)		196,203,510		—
Promenade at Town Center I & II	Valencia, CA		—	2001		564		28,200,000		69,795,915		16,878,188		28,200,000		86,674,103		114,874,103		(54,285,113	)		60,588,990		—
Providence	Bothell, WA		—	2000		200		3,573,621		19,055,505		6,546,316		3,573,621		25,601,821		29,175,442		(15,360,712	)		13,814,730		—

S-7

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2022


Description							Initial Cost to Company				Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition (Improvements, net) (E)		Gross Amount Carried at Close of Period 12/31/22
Apartment Name	Location	Non-Residential Components		Date of Construction	Apartment Units		Land		Building & Fixtures		Building & Fixtures		Land		Building & Fixtures (A)		Total (B)		Accumulated Depreciation (C)			Investment in Real Estate, Net at 12/31/22		Encumbrances
Quarry Hills	Quincy, MA		—	2006		316		26,900,000		84,411,162		5,919,777		26,900,000		90,330,939		117,230,939		(35,205,398	)		82,025,541		—
Radiant Fairfax Ridge	Fairfax, VA		—	2016		213		7,352,547		63,018,744		599,521		7,352,547		63,618,265		70,970,812		(6,560,278	)		64,410,534		—
Radius Uptown	Denver, CO		—	2017		372		13,644,960		121,899,084		2,496,966		13,644,960		124,396,050		138,041,010		(24,982,459	)		113,058,551		—
Redmond Court	Bellevue, WA		—	1977		206		10,300,000		33,488,745		5,065,385		10,300,000		38,554,130		48,854,130		(15,412,602	)		33,441,528		—
Regency Palms	Huntington Beach, CA		—	1969		310		1,857,400		16,713,254		9,273,705		1,857,400		25,986,959		27,844,359		(21,987,950	)		5,856,409		—
Reserve at Burlington, The	Burlington, MA		—	2019		270		20,250,000		114,476,423		999,016		20,250,000		115,475,439		135,725,439		(10,286,168	)		125,439,271		—
Reserve at Clarendon Centre, The	Arlington, VA	G		2003		252		10,500,000		52,812,935		5,641,747		10,500,000		58,454,682		68,954,682		(38,910,541	)		30,044,141		—
Reserve at Eisenhower, The	Alexandria, VA		—	2002		226		6,500,000		34,585,059		5,968,046		6,500,000		40,553,105		47,053,105		(26,987,506	)		20,065,599		—
Reserve at Empire Lakes	Rancho Cucamonga, CA		—	2005		467		16,345,000		73,080,670		10,689,811		16,345,000		83,770,481		100,115,481		(47,908,127	)		52,207,354		—
Reserve at Fairfax Corner	Fairfax, VA		—	2001		652		15,804,057		63,129,050		14,579,441		15,804,057		77,708,491		93,512,548		(53,894,121	)		39,618,427		—
Reserve at Mountain View (fka Mountain View)	Mountain View, CA		—	1965		180		27,000,000		33,029,605		9,378,941		27,000,000		42,408,546		69,408,546		(18,449,986	)		50,958,560		—
Reserve at Potomac Yard	Alexandria, VA		—	2002		588		11,918,917		68,862,641		20,648,643		11,918,917		89,511,284		101,430,201		(57,505,652	)		43,924,549		—
Reserve at Town Center I-III (WA)	Mill Creek, WA	G		2001, 2009, 2014		584		16,768,705		77,623,664		13,119,148		16,768,705		90,742,812		107,511,517		(46,947,259	)		60,564,258		—
Rianna I & II	Seattle, WA	G		2000/2002		156		4,430,000		29,298,096		3,312,507		4,430,000		32,610,603		37,040,603		(15,749,206	)		21,291,397		—
Ridgewood Village I&II	San Diego, CA		—	1997		408		11,809,500		34,004,048		7,923,377		11,809,500		41,927,425		53,736,925		(32,573,463	)		21,163,462		—
Riva Terra I (fka Redwood Shores)	Redwood City, CA		—	1986		304		34,963,355		84,587,658		9,098,327		34,963,355		93,685,985		128,649,340		(38,559,988	)		90,089,352		—
Riva Terra II (fka Harborside)	Redwood City, CA		—	1986		149		17,136,645		40,536,531		4,332,667		17,136,645		44,869,198		62,005,843		(17,412,318	)		44,593,525		—
Riverpark	Redmond, WA	G		2009		321		14,355,000		80,894,049		6,065,713		14,355,000		86,959,762		101,314,762		(36,678,117	)		64,636,645		—
Rivington, The	Hoboken, NJ		—	1999		240		34,340,640		112,112,152		4,792,489		34,340,640		116,904,641		151,245,281		(24,887,916	)		126,357,365		—
Rivington II, The	Hoboken, NJ		—	(F)		—		—		850,870		—		—		850,870		850,870		—			850,870		—
Rosecliff II	Quincy, MA		—	2005		130		4,922,840		30,202,160		2,681,231		4,922,840		32,883,391		37,806,231		(14,457,252	)		23,348,979		—
Sakura Crossing	Los Angeles, CA	G		2009		230		14,641,990		42,858,010		2,000,425		14,641,990		44,858,435		59,500,425		(20,432,415	)		39,068,010		—
Saxton	Seattle, WA	G		2019		325		38,805,400		128,652,023		812,621		38,805,400		129,464,644		168,270,044		(19,446,350	)		148,823,694		—
Seventh & James	Seattle, WA	G		1992		96		663,800		5,974,803		4,722,895		663,800		10,697,698		11,361,498		(9,353,898	)		2,007,600		—
Sheffield Court	Arlington, VA		—	1986		597		3,342,381		31,337,332		25,857,292		3,342,381		57,194,624		60,537,005		(46,325,259	)		14,211,746		—
Siena Terrace	Lake Forest, CA		—	1988		356		8,900,000		24,083,024		9,292,173		8,900,000		33,375,197		42,275,197		(26,789,841	)		15,485,356		—
Skycrest	Valencia, CA		—	1999		264		10,560,000		25,574,457		7,087,323		10,560,000		32,661,780		43,221,780		(23,685,443	)		19,536,337		—
Skyhouse South	Atlanta, GA	G		2014		320		14,182,277		101,911,177		560,298		14,182,277		102,471,475		116,653,752		(10,186,010	)		106,467,742		—
Skylark	Union City, CA		—	1986		174		1,781,600		16,731,916		5,933,120		1,781,600		22,665,036		24,446,636		(18,283,892	)		6,162,744		—
Skyview	Rancho Santa Margarita, CA		—	1999		260		3,380,000		21,952,863		7,296,364		3,380,000		29,249,227		32,629,227		(22,568,433	)		10,060,794		—
SoMa II	San Francisco, CA		—	(F)		—		29,406,606		5,921,781		—		29,406,606		5,921,781		35,328,387		—			35,328,387		—
Sonterra at Foothill Ranch	Foothill Ranch, CA		—	1997		300		7,503,400		24,048,507		6,847,223		7,503,400		30,895,730		38,399,130		(25,101,574	)		13,297,556		—
South City Station (fka South San Francisco)	San Francisco, CA	G		2007		368		68,900,000		79,476,861		8,971,334		68,900,000		88,448,195		157,348,195		(34,002,945	)		123,345,250		—
Southwood	Palo Alto, CA		—	1985		100		6,936,600		14,324,069		7,931,945		6,936,600		22,256,014		29,192,614		(16,836,599	)		12,356,015		—
Springline	Seattle, WA	G		2016		136		9,163,667		47,910,981		838,294		9,163,667		48,749,275		57,912,942		(11,855,973	)		46,056,969		—
Square One	Seattle, WA		—	2014		112		7,222,544		26,277,456		325,303		7,222,544		26,602,759		33,825,303		(8,950,176	)		24,875,127		—
STOA	Los Angeles, CA	G		2017		237		25,326,048		79,976,031		588,847		25,326,048		80,564,878		105,890,926		(14,520,667	)		91,370,259		—
Summerset Village	Chatsworth, CA		—	1985		280		2,890,450		23,670,889		9,290,561		2,890,450		32,961,450		35,851,900		(28,997,875	)		6,854,025		—
Ten23 (fka 500 West 23rd Street)	New York, NY	G		2011		111		—		58,881,873		1,746,694		—		60,628,567		60,628,567		(22,633,385	)		37,995,182		—
Terraces, The	San Francisco, CA	G		1975		117		14,087,610		16,314,151		3,018,966		14,087,610		19,333,117		33,420,727		(9,495,519	)		23,925,208		—
Theo	Denver, CO	G		2018		275		15,322,049		122,105,822		5,254,700		15,322,049		127,360,522		142,682,571		(8,502,526	)		134,180,045		—

S-8

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2022


Description								Initial Cost to Company				Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition (Improvements, net) (E)		Gross Amount Carried at Close of Period 12/31/22
Apartment Name	Location	Non-Residential Components		Date of Construction		Apartment Units		Land		Building & Fixtures		Building & Fixtures		Land		Building & Fixtures (A)		Total (B)		Accumulated Depreciation (C)			Investment in Real Estate, Net at 12/31/22		Encumbrances
Third Square	Cambridge, MA	G		2008/2009			471		26,767,171		218,822,728		10,776,005		26,767,171		229,598,733		256,365,904		(111,180,199	)		145,185,705		—
Three20	Seattle, WA	G		2013			134		7,030,766		29,005,762		1,087,210		7,030,766		30,092,972		37,123,738		(10,939,955	)		26,183,783		—
Toscana	Irvine, CA		—	1991/1993			563		39,410,000		50,806,072		27,932,212		39,410,000		78,738,284		118,148,284		(55,741,592	)		62,406,692		—
Town Square at Mark Center I&II	Alexandria, VA		—	1996			678		39,928,464		141,208,321		16,912,775		39,928,464		158,121,096		198,049,560		(87,827,875	)		110,221,685		—
Troy Boston	Boston, MA	G		2015			378		34,641,051		181,607,331		3,073,444		34,641,051		184,680,775		219,321,826		(39,487,683	)		179,834,143		—
Urbana (fka Market Street Landing)	Seattle, WA	G		2014			289		12,542,418		75,800,090		3,686,862		12,542,418		79,486,952		92,029,370		(28,693,210	)		63,336,160		—
Uwajimaya Village	Seattle, WA		—	2002			176		8,800,000		22,188,288		7,342,363		8,800,000		29,530,651		38,330,651		(16,380,454	)		21,950,197		—
Vantage Hollywood	Los Angeles, CA		—	1987			298		42,580,326		56,014,674		4,125,563		42,580,326		60,140,237		102,720,563		(20,441,762	)		82,278,801		—
Veloce	Redmond, WA	G		2009			322		15,322,724		76,176,594		4,461,903		15,322,724		80,638,497		95,961,221		(30,895,677	)		65,065,544		—
Venue at the Promenade	Castle Rock, CO		—	2017			312		8,355,048		83,752,689		470,811		8,355,048		84,223,500		92,578,548		(14,700,491	)		77,878,057		—
Verde Condominium Homes (fka Mission Verde, LLC)	San Jose, CA		—	1986			108		5,190,700		9,679,109		5,573,142		5,190,700		15,252,251		20,442,951		(12,283,530	)		8,159,421		—
Veridian (fka Silver Spring)	Silver Spring, MD	G		2009			457		18,539,817		130,407,365		5,763,254		18,539,817		136,170,619		154,710,436		(62,907,818	)		91,802,618		—
Versailles	Woodland Hills, CA		—	1991			253		12,650,000		33,656,292		9,094,333		12,650,000		42,750,625		55,400,625		(29,209,935	)		26,190,690		—
Versailles (K-Town)	Los Angeles, CA		—	2008			225		10,590,975		44,409,025		2,593,220		10,590,975		47,002,245		57,593,220		(23,132,781	)		34,460,439		—
Victor on Venice	Los Angeles, CA	G		2006			115		10,350,000		35,433,437		4,209,804		10,350,000		39,643,241		49,993,241		(21,183,520	)		28,809,721		—
Villa Solana	Laguna Hills, CA		—	1984			272		1,665,100		14,985,677		13,685,294		1,665,100		28,670,971		30,336,071		(25,421,545	)		4,914,526		—
Village at Del Mar Heights, The (fka Del Mar Heights)	San Diego, CA		—	1986			168		15,100,000		40,859,396		4,208,000		15,100,000		45,067,396		60,167,396		(18,327,660	)		41,839,736		—
Virginia Square	Arlington, VA	G		2002			231		—		85,940,003		6,529,565		—		92,469,568		92,469,568		(36,782,306	)		55,687,262		—
Vista 99 (fka Tasman)	San Jose, CA		—	2016			554		27,709,329		177,556,948		2,423,476		27,709,329		179,980,424		207,689,753		(48,405,518	)		159,284,235		—
Vista Del Lago	Mission Viejo, CA		—	1986-1988			608		4,525,800		40,736,293		24,220,628		4,525,800		64,956,921		69,482,721		(57,478,601	)		12,004,120		—
Walden Park	Cambridge, MA		—	1966			232		12,448,888		52,044,448		5,522,419		12,448,888		57,566,867		70,015,755		(27,224,023	)		42,791,732		—
Water Park Towers	Arlington, VA		—	1989			362		34,400,000		108,485,859		14,359,832		34,400,000		122,845,691		157,245,691		(49,167,584	)		108,078,107		—
Watertown Square	Watertown, MA	G		2005			134		16,800,000		34,074,056		2,755,801		16,800,000		36,829,857		53,629,857		(14,197,322	)		39,432,535		—
Weaver, The	Austin, TX	G		2020			250		25,405,232		69,552,640		80,225		25,405,232		69,632,865		95,038,097		(5,864,080	)		89,174,017		—
West 96th	New York, NY	G		1987			209		84,800,000		67,055,501		8,473,061		84,800,000		75,528,562		160,328,562		(31,695,180	)		128,633,382		—
West End Apartments (fka Emerson Place/CRP II)	Boston, MA	G		2008			310		469,546		163,123,022		5,993,520		469,546		169,116,542		169,586,088		(84,958,233	)		84,627,855		—
Westchester at Rockville	Rockville, MD		—	2009			192		10,600,000		44,135,207		1,692,757		10,600,000		45,827,964		56,427,964		(17,362,650	)		39,065,314		—
Westerly	Dallas, TX	G		2021			331		11,958,829		79,169,818		335,530		11,958,829		79,505,348		91,464,177		(7,278,523	)		84,185,654		—
Westmont	New York, NY	G		1986			163		64,900,000		61,143,259		7,661,767		64,900,000		68,805,026		133,705,026		(27,260,798	)		106,444,228		—
Westside	Los Angeles, CA		—	2004			204		34,200,000		56,962,630		3,948,110		34,200,000		60,910,740		95,110,740		(23,529,443	)		71,581,297		—
Westside Barrington (fka Westside Villas III)	Los Angeles, CA		—	1999			36		3,060,000		5,538,871		1,243,160		3,060,000		6,782,031		9,842,031		(5,023,466	)		4,818,565		—
Westside Barry (Westside Villas VI)	Los Angeles, CA		—	1989			18		1,530,000		3,023,523		811,372		1,530,000		3,834,895		5,364,895		(2,819,131	)		2,545,764		—
Westside Beloit (fka Westside Villas I)	Los Angeles, CA		—	1999			21		1,785,000		3,233,254		836,921		1,785,000		4,070,175		5,855,175		(3,041,406	)		2,813,769		—
Westside Bundy (fka Westside Villas II)	Los Angeles, CA		—	1999			23		1,955,000		3,541,435		824,134		1,955,000		4,365,569		6,320,569		(3,237,578	)		3,082,991		—
Westside Butler (fka Westside Villas IV)	Los Angeles, CA		—	1999			36		3,060,000		5,539,390		1,347,078		3,060,000		6,886,468		9,946,468		(5,076,540	)		4,869,928		—
Westside Villas (fka Westside Villas V &VII)	Los Angeles, CA		—	1999 & 2001			113		9,605,000		19,983,385		3,194,844		9,605,000		23,178,229		32,783,229		(16,789,962	)		15,993,267		—
Windridge (CA)	Laguna Niguel, CA		—	1989			344		2,662,900		23,985,497		13,661,399		2,662,900		37,646,896		40,309,796		(33,906,750	)		6,403,046		—
Wisconsin Place	Chevy Chase, MD		—	2009			432		—		172,089,355		2,076,371		—		174,165,726		174,165,726		(65,458,283	)		108,707,443		—
Woodleaf	Campbell, CA		—	1984			178		8,550,600		16,988,183		7,575,252		8,550,600		24,563,435		33,114,035		(19,366,947	)		13,747,088		—
Zephyr on the Park	Redmond, WA	G		2021			193		15,637,106		89,964,029		245,884		15,637,106		90,209,913		105,847,019		(6,844,304	)		99,002,715		—
Management Business	Chicago, IL		—	(D)			—		—		—		144,428,737		—		144,428,737		144,428,737		(113,190,150	)		31,238,587		—
Operating Partnership	Chicago, IL		—	(F)			—		—		2,867,660		—		—		2,867,660		2,867,660		—			2,867,660		—
Other	N/A		—		—		—		—		—		111,362		—		111,362		111,362		(95,482	)		15,880		—
Wholly Owned Unencumbered							67,542		4,740,181,596		17,196,859,828		1,873,288,046		4,740,181,596		19,070,147,874		23,810,329,470		(7,664,733,730	)		16,145,595,740		—

S-9

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2022


Description							Initial Cost to Company				Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition (Improvements, net) (E)		Gross Amount Carried at Close of Period 12/31/22
Apartment Name	Location	Non-Residential Components		Date of Construction	Apartment Units		Land		Building & Fixtures		Building & Fixtures		Land		Building & Fixtures (A)		Total (B)		Accumulated Depreciation (C)			Investment in Real Estate, Net at 12/31/22		Encumbrances
Wholly Owned Encumbered:
1111 Belle Pre (fka The Madison)	Alexandria, VA	G		2014		360		18,937,702		94,758,679		1,301,957		18,937,702		96,060,636		114,998,338		(34,860,500	)		80,137,838		86,361,102
2501 Porter	Washington, D.C.		—	1988		202		13,000,000		75,271,179		7,884,211		13,000,000		83,155,390		96,155,390		(34,040,743	)		62,114,647	(H)
300 East 39th (fka East 39th)	New York, NY	G		2001		254		48,900,000		96,174,639		7,769,517		48,900,000		103,944,156		152,844,156		(40,193,465	)		112,650,691		63,893,638
303 East 83rd (fka Camargue)	New York, NY	G		1976		261		79,400,000		79,122,624		13,844,760		79,400,000		92,967,384		172,367,384		(38,462,652	)		133,904,732	(H)
425 Broadway	Santa Monica, CA	G		2001		101		12,600,000		34,394,772		4,097,606		12,600,000		38,492,378		51,092,378		(15,477,611	)		35,614,767	(H)
Artisan Square	Northridge, CA		—	2002		140		7,000,000		20,537,359		2,895,523		7,000,000		23,432,882		30,432,882		(15,715,350	)		14,717,532		35,644,779
Avanti	Anaheim, CA		—	1987		162		12,960,000		18,497,682		4,388,146		12,960,000		22,885,828		35,845,828		(13,934,940	)		21,910,888		28,058,907
Avenir Apartments	Boston, MA	G		2009		241		—		114,321,619		7,751,473		—		122,073,092		122,073,092		(46,061,694	)		76,011,398		850,000
City Pointe	Fullerton, CA	G		2004		183		6,863,792		36,476,208		5,576,589		6,863,792		42,052,797		48,916,589		(20,067,743	)		28,848,846		39,644,941
Cleveland House	Washington, D.C.		—	1953		214		18,300,000		66,392,414		7,798,160		18,300,000		74,190,574		92,490,574		(28,821,216	)		63,669,358	(H)
Elevé	Glendale, CA	G		2013		208		14,080,560		56,419,440		1,584,949		14,080,560		58,004,389		72,084,949		(20,141,393	)		51,943,556		38,417,797
Estancia at Santa Clara (fka Santa Clara)	Santa Clara, CA		—	2000		450		—		123,759,804		6,477,555		—		130,237,359		130,237,359		(49,544,280	)		80,693,079	(H)
Fairchase	Fairfax, VA		—	2007		392		23,500,000		87,722,321		2,935,251		23,500,000		90,657,572		114,157,572		(33,752,961	)		80,404,611	(H)
Flats at DuPont Circle	Washington, D.C.		—	1967		306		35,200,000		108,768,198		4,979,171		35,200,000		113,747,369		148,947,369		(41,675,966	)		107,271,403	(H)
Glo	Los Angeles, CA	G		2008		201		16,047,023		48,650,963		4,244,622		16,047,023		52,895,585		68,942,608		(23,712,129	)		45,230,479		32,872,538
Heights on Capitol Hill	Seattle, WA	G		2006		104		5,425,000		21,138,028		2,318,311		5,425,000		23,456,339		28,881,339		(13,336,645	)		15,544,694		22,598,847
Kelvin Court (fka Alta Pacific)	Irvine, CA		—	2008		132		10,752,145		34,846,856		1,280,833		10,752,145		36,127,689		46,879,834		(18,179,103	)		28,700,731		26,266,190
Kenwood Mews	Burbank, CA		—	1991		141		14,100,000		24,662,883		4,497,673		14,100,000		29,160,556		43,260,556		(17,987,698	)		25,272,858		37,645,358
La Terrazza at Colma Station	Colma, CA	G		2005		155		—		41,251,044		4,821,270		—		46,072,314		46,072,314		(24,784,283	)		21,288,031		25,039,995
Lindley Apartments	Encino, CA		—	2004		129		5,805,000		25,705,000		3,047,415		5,805,000		28,752,415		34,557,415		(13,227,135	)		21,330,280		28,056,926
Lofts 590	Arlington, VA		—	2005		212		20,100,000		67,909,023		1,634,837		20,100,000		69,543,860		89,643,860		(25,270,231	)		64,373,629		43,047,692
Longview Place	Waltham, MA		—	2004		348		20,880,000		90,255,509		14,729,499		20,880,000		104,985,008		125,865,008		(61,621,009	)		64,243,999		84,324,510
Mark on 8th	Seattle, WA	G		2016		174		23,004,387		51,116,647		631,037		23,004,387		51,747,684		74,752,071		(11,613,846	)		63,138,225	(H)
Metro on First	Seattle, WA	G		2002		102		8,540,000		12,209,981		4,050,272		8,540,000		16,260,253		24,800,253		(9,137,232	)		15,663,021		21,503,008
Moda	Seattle, WA	G		2009		251		12,649,228		36,842,012		2,688,215		12,649,228		39,530,227		52,179,455		(18,867,144	)		33,312,311	(I)
Montierra (CA)	San Diego, CA		—	1990		272		8,160,000		29,360,938		11,542,219		8,160,000		40,903,157		49,063,157		(30,150,419	)		18,912,738		61,056,297
Notch	Newcastle, WA		—	2020		158		5,463,324		43,490,989		209,022		5,463,324		43,700,011		49,163,335		(5,297,358	)		43,865,977	(H)
Old Town Lofts	Redmond, WA	G		2014		149		7,740,467		44,146,181		1,323,622		7,740,467		45,469,803		53,210,270		(14,024,622	)		39,185,648		35,588,915
Olympus Towers	Seattle, WA	G		2000		328		14,752,034		73,335,425		14,449,983		14,752,034		87,785,408		102,537,442		(56,949,584	)		45,587,858		94,800,450
Park Place at San Mateo (fka San Mateo)	San Mateo, CA	G		2001		575		71,900,000		211,907,141		18,068,811		71,900,000		229,975,952		301,875,952		(89,508,506	)		212,367,446	(H)
Red 160 (fka Redmond Way)	Redmond, WA	G		2011		250		15,546,376		65,320,010		3,100,845		15,546,376		68,420,855		83,967,231		(27,642,178	)		56,325,053	(H)
Skyhouse Denver	Denver, CO	G		2017		354		13,562,331		126,360,318		1,503,996		13,562,331		127,864,314		141,426,645		(25,694,150	)		115,732,495		74,226,664
SoMa Square Apartments (fka South Market)	San Francisco, CA	G		1986		410		79,900,000		177,316,977		21,165,844		79,900,000		198,482,821		278,382,821		(76,177,456	)		202,205,365	(H)
Teresina	Chula Vista, CA		—	2000		440		28,600,000		61,916,670		9,132,262		28,600,000		71,048,932		99,648,932		(41,706,770	)		57,942,162		37,940,000
Vintage	Ontario, CA		—	2005-2007		300		7,059,230		47,677,762		5,044,823		7,059,230		52,722,585		59,781,815		(28,688,384	)		31,093,431		49,162,360
Vintage at 425 Broadway (fka Promenade)	Santa Monica, CA	G		1934/2001		60		9,000,000		13,961,523		2,017,699		9,000,000		15,979,222		24,979,222		(6,698,223	)		18,280,999	(H)
West 54th	New York, NY	G		2001		222		60,900,000		48,193,837		5,292,317		60,900,000		53,486,154		114,386,154		(22,720,803	)		91,665,351		50,209,568
Portfolio/Entity Encumbrances (1)																									799,609,043
Wholly Owned Encumbered						8,941		750,628,599		2,410,192,655		216,080,295		750,628,599		2,626,272,950		3,376,901,549		(1,095,745,422	)		2,281,156,127		1,816,819,525

S-10

Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2022


Description							Initial Cost to Company				Cost Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition (Improvements, net) (E)		Gross Amount Carried at Close of Period 12/31/22
Apartment Name	Location	Non-Residential Components		Date of Construction	Apartment Units		Land		Building & Fixtures		Building & Fixtures		Land		Building & Fixtures (A)		Total (B)		Accumulated Depreciation (C)			Investment in Real Estate, Net at 12/31/22		Encumbrances
Partially Owned Unencumbered:
2300 Elliott	Seattle, WA	G		1992		92		796,800		7,173,725		8,079,953		796,800		15,253,678		16,050,478		(13,410,704	)		2,639,774		—
Bellevue Meadows	Bellevue, WA		—	1983		180		4,507,100		12,574,814		6,996,090		4,507,100		19,570,904		24,078,004		(15,908,888	)		8,169,116		—
Canyon Ridge	San Diego, CA		—	1989		162		4,869,448		11,955,064		4,630,428		4,869,448		16,585,492		21,454,940		(13,766,694	)		7,688,246		—
Country Oaks	Agoura Hills, CA		—	1985		256		6,105,000		29,561,865		8,216,848		6,105,000		37,778,713		43,883,713		(26,756,533	)		17,127,180		—
Harrison Square (fka Elliot Bay)	Seattle, WA	G		1992		166		7,600,000		35,844,345		6,509,034		7,600,000		42,353,379		49,953,379		(17,983,188	)		31,970,191		—
Lantern Cove	Foster City, CA		—	1985		232		6,945,000		23,064,976		9,119,269		6,945,000		32,184,245		39,129,245		(23,642,181	)		15,487,064		—
Radius Koreatown	Los Angeles, CA		—	2014/2016		301		32,494,154		84,645,203		871,171		32,494,154		85,516,374		118,010,528		(22,022,979	)		95,987,549		—
Rosecliff	Quincy, MA		—	1990		156		5,460,000		15,721,570		5,467,734		5,460,000		21,189,304		26,649,304		(16,448,847	)		10,200,457		—
Schooner Bay I	Foster City, CA		—	1985		168		5,345,000		20,390,618		8,671,731		5,345,000		29,062,349		34,407,349		(20,233,539	)		14,173,810		—
Schooner Bay II	Foster City, CA		—	1985		144		4,550,000		18,064,764		7,729,384		4,550,000		25,794,148		30,344,148		(17,946,115	)		12,398,033		—
St Johns West	Austin, TX		—	2020		297		10,097,109		47,928,229		162,483		10,097,109		48,090,712		58,187,821		(6,385,716	)		51,802,105		—
Venn at Main	Bellevue, WA	G		2016		350		26,626,497		151,520,448		1,204,708		26,626,497		152,725,156		179,351,653		(32,823,149	)		146,528,504		—
Virgil Square	Los Angeles, CA		—	1979		142		5,500,000		15,216,613		4,271,846		5,500,000		19,488,459		24,988,459		(12,300,149	)		12,688,310		—
Partially Owned Unencumbered						2,646		120,896,108		473,662,234		71,930,679		120,896,108		545,592,913		666,489,021		(239,628,682	)		426,860,339		—

Partially Owned Encumbered:
Aero Apartments	Alameda, CA	G		2021		200		13,107,242		100,503,088		82,614		13,107,242		100,585,702		113,692,944		(6,598,126	)		107,094,818		64,664,406
Canyon Creek (CA)	San Ramon, CA		—	1984		268		5,425,000		18,812,120		8,724,976		5,425,000		27,537,096		32,962,096		(21,143,889	)		11,818,207		28,240,084
Reverb (fka 9th and W)	Washington, D.C.	G		(F)		—		—		88,378,413		—		—		88,378,413		88,378,413		—			88,378,413		43,714,070
Partially Owned Encumbered						468		18,532,242		207,693,621		8,807,590		18,532,242		216,501,211		235,033,453		(27,742,015	)		207,291,438		136,618,560

Total Consolidated Investment in Real Estate						79,597	$	5,630,238,545	$	20,288,408,338	$	2,170,106,610	$	5,630,238,545	$	22,458,514,948	$	28,088,753,493	$	(9,027,849,849	)	$	19,060,903,644	$	1,953,438,085

(1)

See attached Encumbrances Reconciliation.

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Table of Contents

EQUITY RESIDENTIAL

ERP OPERATING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2022

NOTES:

(A)

The balance of furniture & fixtures included in the total investment in real estate amount was $2,352,049,700 as of December 31, 2022.

(B)

The cost, net of accumulated depreciation, for Federal Income Tax purposes as of December 31, 2022 was approximately $12.9 billion (unaudited).

(C)

The life to compute depreciation for building is 30 years, for building improvements ranges from 5 to 15 years, for furniture & fixtures, replacements and renovations is 5 to 10 years and for lease intangibles is the average remaining term of each respective lease.

(D)

This asset consists of costs owned by the Management Business acquired/added at various acquisition dates and largely represents furniture, fixtures and equipment and computer equipment and software costs, which are generally depreciated over periods ranging from 3 to 7 years, and leasehold improvements, which are generally depreciated over the term of each respective lease.

(E)

Primarily represents capital expenditures for building improvements, replacements and renovations incurred subsequent to each property’s acquisition date.

(F)

Primarily represents land and/or construction-in-progress on projects either held for future development or projects currently under development.

(G)

A portion of these properties includes and/or will include non-residential components (consisting of retail and/or public parking garage operations).

(H)

See Encumbrances Reconciliation schedule.

(I)

Boot property for Bond Partnership mortgage pool.

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