-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, Qlv8dJWKQrmrxnqP56ydajiobvMY/UexQxFy70KSr/UO8tVpfm4Ocy5GZ0Pt+sVy LP67AXiVwJBSRwQgFvcdmA== 0000950131-96-004891.txt : 19961007 0000950131-96-004891.hdr.sgml : 19961007 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000950131-96-004891 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 424B5 PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 1 FILED AS OF DATE: 19961004 SROS: NYSE FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: EQUITY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000906107 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS [6798] IRS NUMBER: 363877868 STATE OF INCORPORATION: MD FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 424B5 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-12983 FILM NUMBER: 96639225 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: TWO N RIVERSIDE PLZ STREET 2: STE 400 CITY: CHICAGO STATE: IL ZIP: 60606 BUSINESS PHONE: 3124741300 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: TWO N RIVERSIDE PLAZA STREET 2: SUITE 450 CITY: CHICAGO STATE: IL ZIP: 60606 424B5 1 FORM S-3 PROSPECTUS Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5) - ---------- SEC File No. 333-12983 1,182,835 SHARES EQUITY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST COMMON SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST This Prospectus relates to the offer and sale from time to time of up to 1,182,835 common shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value per share (the "Common Shares"), of Equity Residential Properties Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the "Company"), by the holders thereof following the potential issuance of such Common Shares upon the exchange of up to 1,182,835 outstanding limited partnership interests ("OP Units") in ERP Operating Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership"), of which the Company is the sole general partner and owns a controlling interest, to the holders thereof, if and to the extent that such holders exchange such OP Units for Common Shares (the "Offered Shares"). The Company is registering the Offered Shares as required under the terms of a certain registration rights and lock-up agreement between the Company and the holders of securities exchangeable for the Offered Shares (collectively, the "Selling Shareholders"). The registration of the Offered Shares does not necessarily mean that any of the Offered Shares will be offered or sold by the Selling Shareholders. The Company will receive no part of the proceeds of the sales of the Offered Shares. See "Selling Shareholders" and "Plan of Distribution". The Common Shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") under the symbol "EQR." To ensure that the Company maintains its qualification as a real estate investment trust (a "REIT"), ownership by any person is limited to 5% of the lesser of the number or value of outstanding Common Shares, with certain exceptions. See "Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest -- Common Shares--Restrictions on Transfer." The closing sales price of the Common Shares as reported by the NYSE on October 3, 1996 was $36-1/4 per share. FOR A DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED BY PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS, SEE "RISK FACTORS," BEGINNING ON PAGE 4. THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK HAS NOT PASSED ON OR ENDORSED THE MERITS OF THIS OFFERING. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS UNLAWFUL. The Selling Shareholders may from time to time offer and sell all or a portion of the Offered Shares in transactions on the NYSE, in the over-the- counter market, on any other national securities exchange on which the Common Shares are listed or traded, in negotiated transactions or otherwise, at prices then prevailing or related to the then-current market price or at negotiated prices. The Offered Shares may be sold directly or through agents or broker- dealers acting as principal or agent, or in block trades or pursuant to a distribution by one or more underwriters on a firm commitment or best-efforts basis. To the extent required, the names of any agent or broker-dealer and applicable commissions or discounts and any other required information with respect to any particular offer will be set forth in this Prospectus under the caption "Plan of Distribution" or an accompanying Prospectus Supplement. Each of the Selling Shareholders reserves the right to accept or reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of the Offered Shares to be made directly or through agents. The Selling Shareholders and any agents or broker-dealers participating in the distribution of the Offered Shares may be deemed to be "underwriters" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and any profit on the sale of Offered Shares by the Selling Shareholders and any commissions received by any such agents or broker-dealers may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act. The Company will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of any Offered Shares by the Selling Shareholders. THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS IS OCTOBER 4, 1996. AVAILABLE INFORMATION The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and, in accordance therewith, files reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission"). The Registration Statement, the exhibits and schedules forming a part thereof and the reports, proxy statements and other information filed by the Company with the Commission in accordance with the Exchange Act can be inspected and copied at the Commission's Public Reference Section, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, and at the following regional offices of the Commission: Seven World Trade Center, Suite 1300, New York, New York 10048 and 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661-2511. Copies of such material can be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the Commission, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates. In addition, the Common Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol "EQR" and similar information concerning the Company can be inspected and copied at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005. The Commission maintains a Web site at http://www.sec.gov containing reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants, including the Company, that file electronically with the Commission. The Company has filed with the Commission a registration statement on Form S-3 (the "Registration Statement"), of which this Prospectus is a part, under the Securities Act, with respect to the Offered Shares offered hereby. This Prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement, certain portions of which have been omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the Commission. Statements contained in this Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other documents are not necessarily complete, and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other documents filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference and the exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information regarding the Company and the Offered Shares, reference is hereby made to the Registration Statement and such exhibits and schedules which may be obtained from the Commission at its principal office in Washington, D.C. upon payment of the fees prescribed by the Commission. INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE The documents listed below have been filed by the Company under the Exchange Act with the Commission and are incorporated herein by reference: a. The Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended by Form 10-K/A (filed on August 26, 1996), for the year ended December 31, 1995. b. The Company's Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust (the "Declaration of Trust") filed as Exhibit 3(i) to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 1995. c. The Company's Amended and Restated Bylaws, filed as an exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11, No. 33-63158 dated July 26, 1993, as amended. d. The Company's definitive proxy statement dated March 29, 1996 relating to the annual meeting of shareholders held on May 10, 1996. e. The description of the Company's Common Shares contained in the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11, No. 33-80420, dated July 20, 1994, as amended. f. The Company's Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 1996 and June 30, 1996. g. The Company's Current Reports on Form 8-K dated September 21, 1995 (as amended by Forms 8-K/A filed on October 25, 1995 and October 30, 1995, respectively), January 22, 1996, January 25, 1996, February 5, 1996, March 1, 1996, May 15, 1996, May 23, 1996, May 24, 1996 and September 9, 1996 and the Company's Current Reports on Form 8-K/A dated March 1, 1996 and May 23, 1996. All documents filed by the Company pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of this Prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering of all Offered Shares to which this Prospectus relates shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and to be part hereof from the date of filing such documents. Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in the Prospectus (in the case of a statement in a previously filed document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein), in any 2 applicable Prospectus Supplement relating to a specific offering of Offered Shares, or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this Prospectus or any accompanying Prospectus Supplement. Subject to the foregoing, all information appearing in this Prospectus and each accompanying Prospectus Supplement is qualified in its entirety by the information appearing in the documents incorporated by reference. Copies of all documents which are incorporated herein by reference (not including the exhibits to such information, unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in such information) will be provided without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this Prospectus is delivered upon written or oral request. Requests should be directed to Equity Residential Properties Trust, Two North Riverside Plaza, Chicago, Illinois 60606, Attention: Cynthia McHugh (telephone number: (312) 474- 1300). As used herein, the term "Company" includes Equity Residential Properties Trust and those entities owned or controlled by it (collectively, the "Subsidiaries"), unless the context indicates otherwise. THE COMPANY GENERAL Equity Residential Properties Trust, one of the largest publicly traded REITs (based on the aggregate market value of its outstanding equity capitalization), is a self-administered and self-managed equity REIT. The Company was organized in March 1993 and commenced operations as a publicly traded company on August 18, 1993 upon completion of its initial public offering (the "IPO"). The Company was formed to continue the multifamily property business objectives and acquisition strategies of certain affiliated entities controlled by Mr. Samuel Zell, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Company. These entities had been engaged in the acquisition, ownership and operation of multifamily properties since 1969. The Company's senior executives average over 23 years of experience in the multifamily property business. As of October 4, 1996, the Company owned or had interests in a portfolio of 231 multifamily properties (individually a "Property" and collectively the "Properties") containing 68,712 apartment units and managed 13,829 additional units owned by affiliated entities. Since the Company's IPO, at which time the Company owned 69 Properties, the Company has acquired, directly or indirectly, interests in an additional 170 Properties containing 49,912 units for a total purchase price of approximately $2.28 billion, including the assumption of approximately $512 million of mortgage indebtedness. Since the IPO, the Company has disposed of eight of its properties containing 2,925 units for a total sales price of approximately $62.2 million and the release of mortgage indebtedness in the amount of approximately $20.5 million. The Company's interest in six of the Properties consists solely of ownership of the debt collateralized by such Properties and in 21 of the Properties consists solely of investments in partnership interests and subordinated mortgages collateralized by such Properties. At October 4, 1996, the Properties had an average occupancy rate of approximately 94%. The Properties are located throughout the United States in the following 31 states: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and Washington. The Company is the largest publicly traded REIT owner of multifamily properties (based on the number of apartment units owned and total revenues earned). All of the Company's interests in the Properties are held directly or indirectly by, and substantially all of its operations relating to the Properties are conducted through, ERP Operating Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership"). The Operating Partnership currently has four classes of limited partnership interests outstanding: (i) partnership interests ("OP Units"), which may be exchanged by the holders thereof for either common shares of beneficial interest of the Company, $0.01 par value per share ("Common Shares"), on a one-for-one basis or, at the Company's (ii) 9 3/8% Cumulative Redeemable Preference Units ("9 3/8% Preference Units"); (iii) 9 1/8% Cumulative Redeemable Preference Units ("9 1/8% Series B Preference Units"); and (iv) 9 1/8% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preference Units ("9 1/8% Series C Preference Units"). The 9 3/8% Preference Units, the 9 1/8% Series B Preference Units, and the 9 1/8% Series C Preference Units are owned by the Company and mirror the payments of distributions, including accrued and unpaid distributions upon redemption, and of the liquidating preference amount of the Company's 9 3/8% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest, $.01 par value per share (the "Series A Preferred Shares"), the Company's 9 1/8% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest, $.01 par value per share (the "Series B Preferred Shares"), and the Company's 9 1/8% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest, $.01 par value per share (the "Series C Preferred Shares"), 3 respectively. The Company controls the Operating Partnership as the sole general partner and, as of October 4, 1996, owned approximately 84% of all of the Operating Partnership's outstanding partnership interests, excluding the 9 3/8% Preference Units, the 9 1/8% Series B Preference Units, and the 9 1/8% Series C Preference Units. It is the Company's policy that Equity Residential Properties Trust shall not incur indebtedness other than short-term trade, employee compensation, dividends payable or similar indebtedness that will be paid in the ordinary course of business, and that indebtedness shall instead be incurred by the Operating Partnership to the extent necessary to fund the business activities conducted by the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. The Company's corporate headquarters and executive offices are located at Two North Riverside Plaza, Suite 400, Chicago, Illinois 60606, and its telephone number is (312) 474-1300. In addition, the Company has regional operations centers in Chicago, Illinois; Dallas, Texas; Denver, Colorado; Seattle, Washington; Tampa, Florida and Bethesda, Maryland; and area offices in Atlanta, Georgia; Las Vegas, Nevada; Phoenix, Arizona; Portland, Oregon; San Antonio, Texas; Irvine, California; Raleigh, North Carolina; and Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. USE OF PROCEEDS The Company will not receive any of the proceeds from sales of the Offered Shares by the Selling Shareholders. All costs and expenses incurred in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of the offering made hereby will be paid by the Company, other than any brokerage fees and commissions, fees and disbursements of legal counsel for the Selling Shareholders and share transfer and other taxes attributable to the sale of the Offered Shares, which will be paid by the Selling Shareholders. RISK FACTORS Prospective investors should carefully consider, among other factors, the matters described below prior to making an investment decision regarding the Offered Shares offered hereby. ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES OF DEBT FINANCING AND PREFERRED SHARES General Risks. As of June 30, 1996, the Properties were subject to approximately $667.8 million of mortgage indebtedness and the Company's total debt equaled approximately $1.04 billion, $151.5 million of which was floating rate debt. Subsequent to June 30, 1996, the Operating Partnership issued $150 million aggregate principal amount of 7.57% Notes due August 15, 2026 pursuant to a public debt offering in August 1996 (the "Debt Offering"). In addition, in June 1995, the Company issued 6,120,000 Series A Preferred Shares pursuant to a preferred share offering; in November 1995, the Company issued 5,000,000 depositary shares each representing a 1/10 fractional interest in a Series B Preferred Share pursuant to a depositary share offering; and in September 1996, the Company issued 4,600,000 depositary shares each representing a 1/10 fractional interest in a Series C Preferred Share pursuant to a depositary share offering (collectively, the "Preferred Share Offerings"). The Company used the proceeds from the Debt Offering and the Preferred Share Offerings to repay indebtedness and to acquire additional Properties. The Company is subject to the risks normally associated with debt or preferred equity financing, including the risk that the Company's cash flow will be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest, the risk that existing indebtedness may not be refinanced or that the terms of such refinancing will not be as favorable as the terms of current indebtedness and the risk that necessary capital expenditures for such purposes as renovations and other improvements may not be financed on favorable terms or at all. If the Company were unable to refinance its indebtedness on acceptable terms, or at all, the Company might be forced to dispose of one or more of the Properties on disadvantageous terms, which might result in losses to the Company and might adversely affect the cash available for distributions to shareholders. If interest rates or other factors at the time of the refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, the Company's interest expense would increase, which would affect the Company's ability to make distributions to its shareholders. Furthermore, if a Property is mortgaged to secure payment of indebtedness and the Company is unable to meet mortgage payments, the mortgagee could foreclose upon the Property, appoint a receiver and receive an assignment of rents and leases or pursue other remedies, all with a consequent loss of income and asset value to the Company. Foreclosures could also create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds, thereby hindering the Company's ability to meet the REIT distribution requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Restrictions on the Company's Activities. A substantial portion of the Company's debt was issued pursuant to two different indentures (the "Indentures") which restrict the amount of indebtedness (including acquisition financing) the Company may incur. Accordingly, in the event that the Company is unable to raise additional equity or borrow money because of the debt restrictions in the indentures, the Company's ability to acquire additional properties may be limited. If the Company is unable to acquire additional properties, its ability to increase the distributions with respect to Common Shares, as it has done in the past, will be limited to 4 management's ability to increase funds from operations, and thereby cash available for distributions, from the existing Properties in the Company's portfolio. Bond Compliance Requirements. The Company owns several Properties that are subject to restrictive covenants or deed restrictions relating to current or previous tax-exempt bond financing and owns the bonds collateralized by several additional Properties. The Company has retained an independent outside consultant to monitor compliance with the restrictive covenants and deed restrictions that affect these Properties. The bond compliance requirements may have the effect of limiting the Company's income from these Properties if the Company is required to lower its rental rates to attract low or moderate income tenants, or eligible/qualified tenants. CONTROL AND INFLUENCE BY SIGNIFICANT SHAREHOLDERS As of October 4, 1996, Mr. Zell, certain of the current holders (the "Zell Holders") of certain OP Units issued at the time of the IPO ("Original OP Units") to certain affiliates of Mr. Zell which contributed 33 of the Properties at the time of the IPO (the "Zell Original Owners"), Equity Properties Management Corp. ("EPMC") and other affiliates of Mr. Zell owned in the aggregate approximately 8.58% of the Common Shares (assuming that all of the partnership interests in the Operating Partnership are exchanged for Common Shares), and certain entities controlled by Starwood Capital Partners L.P. ("Starwood") and its affiliates which contributed 23 of the Properties at the time of the IPO (the "Starwood Original Owners") owned in the aggregate approximately 5.94% of the Common Shares (assuming that all of the partnership interests in the Operating Partnership are exchanged for Common Shares). The Starwood Original Owners, together with the Zell Original Owners, shall be referred to collectively as the "Original Owners." As of October 4, 1996, the Company had options outstanding to purchase approximately 2.4 million Common Shares which it has granted to certain officers, employees and trustees of the Company and consultants to the Company, some of whom are affiliated with Mr. Zell, representing in the aggregate approximately 4.2% of the Common Shares (assuming that all such options are exercised for Common Shares and all of the outstanding partnership interests in the Operating Partnership are exchanged for Common Shares). Further, the consent of affiliates of Mr. Zell who are Zell Holders and of the Starwood Original Owners is required for certain amendments to the Operating Partnership's Fourth Amended and Restated ERP Operating Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (the "Partnership Agreement"). Accordingly, Mr. Zell and the Starwood Original Owners may continue to have substantial influence over the Company, which influence might not be consistent with the interests of other shareholders, and on the outcome of any matters submitted to the Company's shareholders for approval. In addition, although there is no current agreement, understanding or arrangement for these shareholders to act together on any matter, these shareholders would be in a position to exercise significant influence over the affairs of the Company if they were to act together in the future. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITY AFFECTING THE COMPANY Under various Federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, an owner of real estate may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances on such property. These laws often impose environmental liability without regard to whether the owner knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. The presence of such substances, or the failure properly to remediate such substances, may adversely affect the owner's ability to sell or rent the property or to borrow using the property as collateral. Persons who arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous or toxic substances may also be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of such substances at a disposal or treatment facility, whether or not such facility is owned or operated by such person. Certain laws impose liability for release of asbestos- containing materials ("ACMs") into the air and third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury associated with ACMs. In connection with the ownership (direct or indirect), operation, management and development of real properties, the Company or the Subsidiaries, as the case may be, may be considered an owner or operator of such properties or as having arranged for the disposal or treatment of hazardous or toxic substances and, therefore, potentially liable for removal or remediation costs, as well as certain other related costs, including governmental fines and injuries to persons and property. All of the Properties have been the subject of a Phase I or similar environmental assessment (which involves general inspections without soil sampling or ground water analysis and generally without radon testing) completed by qualified independent environmental consultant companies. All of the environmental assessments were conducted within the last five years and were obtained prior to the acquisition by the Company of each of the Properties. These environmental assessments have not revealed, nor is the Company aware of, any environmental liability that the Company's management believes would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. 5 No assurance can be given that existing environmental assessments with respect to any of the Properties reveal all environmental liabilities, that any prior owner of a Property did not create any material environmental condition not known to the Company, or that a material environmental condition does not otherwise exist as to any one or more Properties. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS General. Income from real property investments and the Company's resulting ability to make expected distributions to shareholders may be adversely affected by the general economic climate, local conditions such as oversupply of apartment units or a reduction in demand for apartment units in the area, the attractiveness of the Properties to tenants, zoning or other regulatory restrictions, the ability of the Company to provide adequate maintenance and insurance, and increased operating costs (including insurance premiums and real estate taxes). The Company's income would also be adversely affected if tenants were unable to pay rent or the Company were unable to rent apartment units on favorable terms. If the Company were unable to promptly relet or renew the leases for a significant number of apartment units, or if the rental rates upon such renewal or reletting were significantly lower than expected rates, then the Company's funds from operations and ability to make expected distributions to shareholders may be adversely affected. In addition, certain expenditures associated with each equity investment (such as real estate taxes and maintenance costs) generally are not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the investment. Furthermore, real estate investments are relatively illiquid and, therefore, will tend to limit the ability of the Company to vary its portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. Changes in Laws. Increases in real estate taxes and income, service or other taxes generally are not passed through to tenants under existing leases and may adversely affect the Company's funds from operations and its ability to make distributions to shareholders. Similarly, changes in laws increasing the potential liability for environmental conditions existing on properties or increasing the restrictions on discharges or other conditions may result in significant unanticipated expenditures, which would adversely affect the Company's funds from operations and its ability to make distributions to shareholders. OWNERSHIP LIMIT AND LIMITS ON CHANGES IN CONTROL 5% Ownership Limit; Inapplicability to Mr. Zell and Others. In order to maintain its qualification as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of the Company may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities). Certain beneficial owners of the Zell Holders affiliated with Mr. Zell and EPMC (i.e., beneficiaries of trusts established for the benefit of Mr. Zell and his family and trusts established for the benefit of the family of Mr. Robert Lurie, a deceased partner of Mr. Zell (the "Lurie Family Trusts")) and of the Starwood Original Owners (through their potential ownership rights of Common Shares) together constitute four individuals for purposes of this test and, under the Internal Revenue Service's (the "Service") rules applicable to determining percentages of ownership, will be deemed to own approximately 11% of the value of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of the Company. Due to such concentration of ownership of the Company, ownership of more than 5% of the lesser of the number or value of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of the Company by any single shareholder has been restricted, with certain exceptions, for the purpose of maintaining the Company's qualification as a REIT under the Code. Such restrictions in the Company's Declaration of Trust do not apply to the ownership of the 6,932,274 Common Shares subject to acquisition by the holders of Original OP Units and EPMC through the exchange of Original OP Units. Additionally, the Company's Declaration of Trust allows certain transfers of such Common Shares without the transferees being subject to the 5% ownership limit, provided such transfers do not result in an increased concentration in the ownership of the Company. The Company's Board of Trustees, upon receipt of a ruling from the Service, an opinion of counsel or other evidence satisfactory to the Board of Trustees and upon such other conditions as the Board of Trustees may direct, may also exempt a proposed transferee from this restriction. See "Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest--Common Shares--Restrictions on Transfer." The 5% ownership limit, as well as the ability of the Company to issue additional Common Shares or other shares of beneficial interest (which may have rights and preferences senior to the Common Shares), may discourage a change of control of the Company and may also (i) deter tender offers for the Common Shares, which offers may be advantageous to shareholders, and (ii) limit the opportunity for shareholders to receive a premium for their Common Shares that might otherwise exist if an investor were attempting to assemble a block of Common Shares in excess of 5% of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of the Company or otherwise effect a change of control of the Company. Staggered Board. The Board of Trustees of the Company has been divided into three classes of trustees. As the term of each class expires, trustees for that class will be elected for a three-year term and the trustees in the other two classes will continue in 6 office. The staggered terms for trustees may impede the shareholders' ability to change control of the Company even if a change in control were in the shareholders' interest. Preferred Shares. The Company's Declaration of Trust authorizes the Board of Trustees to issue up to 10,000,000 preferred shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value per share ("Preferred Shares") and to establish the preferences and rights (including the right to vote and the right to convert into Common Shares) of any Preferred Shares issued. The power to issue Preferred Shares could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company even if a change in control were in the shareholders' interest. As of October 4, 1996, 7,080,000 Preferred Shares were issued and outstanding. CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE TO QUALIFY AS A REIT Taxation as a Corporation. The Company believes that it has qualified and will continue to qualify as a REIT under the Code, commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1993. However, no assurance can be given that the Company was organized and has been operated and will be able to operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain so qualified. Qualification as a REIT involves the satisfaction of numerous requirements (some on an annual and quarterly basis) established under highly technical and complex Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations, and involves the determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within the Company's control. If the Company were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company would be subject to Federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at corporate rates. Moreover, unless entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, the Company also would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost. This treatment would reduce the net earnings of the Company available for investment or distribution to shareholders because of the additional tax liability to the Company for the years involved. In addition, distributions to shareholders would no longer be required to be made. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations." Other Tax Liabilities. Even if the Company qualifies as a REIT, it will be subject to certain Federal, state and local taxes on its income and property. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations--Other Tax Considerations--State and Local Taxes." In addition, the Company's management operations, which are conducted through Equity Residential Properties Management Limited Partnership and Equity Residential Properties Management Limited Partnership II (collectively, the "Management Partnerships") generally will be subject to Federal income tax at regular corporate rates. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations--Other Tax Considerations." Consequences of Failure to Qualify as Partnerships. The Company believes that the Operating Partnership, the Management Partnerships and each of the other partnership and limited liability company Subsidiaries have been organized as partnerships and will qualify for treatment as such under the Code. If any of such Subsidiaries fails to qualify for such treatment under the Code, the Company would cease to qualify as a REIT, and such Subsidiary would be subject to Federal income tax (including any alternative minimum tax) on its income at corporate rates. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations--Taxation of the Company--Failure to Qualify" and "--Tax Aspects of the Company's Investments in Partnerships--General." DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL The Company is dependent on the efforts of its executive officers. While the Company believes that it could find replacements for these key personnel, the loss of their services could have a temporary adverse effect on the operations of the Company. None of these officers has entered into employment agreements with the Company. DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS POTENTIALLY INCREASING INDEBTEDNESS OF THE COMPANY The Company may be required from time to time, under certain circumstances, to accrue as income for tax purposes interest and rent earned but not yet received. In such event, or upon the repayment by the Company or its Subsidiaries of principal on debt, the Company could have taxable income without sufficient cash to enable the Company to meet the distribution requirements of a REIT. Accordingly, the Company could be required to borrow funds or liquidate investments on adverse terms in order to meet such distribution requirements. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations--Taxation of the Company--Annual Distribution Requirements." 7 EXEMPTIONS FOR MR. ZELL AND OTHERS FROM MARYLAND BUSINESS COMBINATION LAW WHICH TEND TO INHIBIT TAKEOVERS Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended ("MGCL"), certain "business combinations" (including a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland real estate investment trust and any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the trust's shares of beneficial interest or an affiliate of the trust who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the trust's shares of beneficial interest (an "Interested Shareholder"), or an affiliate of such Interested Shareholder, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the Interested Shareholder becomes an Interested Shareholder. Thereafter, any such business combination must be recommended by the board of trustees of such trust and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (a) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding voting shares of beneficial interest of the trust and (b) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting shares of beneficial interest of the trust other than shares held by the Interested Shareholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected, unless, among other conditions, the holders of the common shares of the trust receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the Interested Shareholder for its common shares. The Zell Original Owners beneficially own more than 10% of the Company's voting shares and would, therefore, be subject to the business combination provisions of the MGCL. However, pursuant to the statute, the Company has exempted any business combination involving Mr. Zell, the Zell Original Owners, EPMC and their respective affiliates and associates, present or future, or any other person acting in concert or as a group with any of the foregoing persons and, consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to a business combination between any of them and the Company. As a result, Mr. Zell, the Zell Original Owners, EPMC, any present or future affiliate or associate of theirs or any other person acting in concert or as a group with any of the foregoing persons may be able to enter into business combinations with the Company, which may not be in the best interest of the shareholders, without compliance by the Company with the super-majority vote requirements and other provisions of the statute. 8 DESCRIPTION OF SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST The summary of the terms of the shares of beneficial interest of the Company set forth below does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Declaration of Trust and amended and restated bylaws ("Bylaws") of the Company, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. The Declaration of Trust of the Company provides that the Company may issue up to 110,000,000 shares of beneficial interest, consisting of 100,000,000 Common Shares, $0.01 par value per share, and 10,000,000 Preferred Shares. As of October 4, 1996, 45,774,634 Common Shares were issued and outstanding. In addition, as of October 4, 1996, 8,723,774 Common Shares were issuable upon exchange of OP Units currently held by the holders of the Original OP Units or holders who were issued OP Units in exchange for the contribution of certain of the Properties to the Operating Partnership subsequent to the IPO. The OP Units are exchangeable on a one-for-one basis for Common Shares or, at the Company's option, cash. Both the Maryland REIT law and the Company's Declaration of Trust provide that no shareholder of the Company will be liable for any debt or obligation of the Company solely as a result of his status as a shareholder of the Company. The Company's bylaws further provide that the Company shall indemnify each shareholder against any claim or liability to which the shareholder may become subject by reason of his being or having been a shareholder and that the Company shall reimburse each shareholder for all reasonable expenses incurred by him in connection with any such claim or liability. However, with respect to tort claims, contractual claims where shareholder liability is not so negated, claims for taxes and certain statutory liability, the shareholders may, in some jurisdictions, be personally liable to the extent that such claims are not satisfied by the Company. Inasmuch as the Company carries public liability insurance which it considers adequate, any risk of personal liability to shareholders is limited to situations in which the Company's assets plus its insurance coverage would be insufficient to satisfy the claims against the Company and its shareholders. COMMON SHARES All Offered Shares offered hereby are duly authorized, fully paid and nonassessable. Subject to the preferential rights of any other shares of beneficial interest and to the provisions of the Company's Declaration of Trust regarding Excess Shares (as defined herein), holders of Common Shares are entitled to receive distributions if, as and when authorized and declared by the Board of Trustees out of assets legally available therefor and to share ratably in the assets of the Company legally available for distribution to its shareholders in the event of its liquidation, dissolution or winding-up after payment of, or adequate provision for, all known debts and liabilities of the Company. The Company currently pays regular quarterly distributions. Subject to the provisions of the Company's Declaration of Trust regarding Excess Shares, each outstanding Common Share entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, including the election of trustees, and, except as otherwise required by law or except as provided with respect to any other class or series of shares of beneficial interest, the holders of such Common Shares will possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of trustees, which means that the holders of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares can elect all of the trustees then standing for election and the holders of the remaining shares of beneficial interest, if any, will not be able to elect any trustees. Holders of Common Shares have no conversion, sinking fund, redemption or preemptive rights to subscribe for any securities of the Company. Subject to the provisions of the Company's Declaration of Trust regarding Excess Shares, Common Shares have equal distribution, liquidation and other rights, and have no preference, exchange or, except as expressly required by the Maryland REIT law, appraisal rights. Pursuant to the Maryland REIT law, a REIT generally cannot dissolve, amend its declaration of trust or merge, unless approved by the affirmative vote or written consent of shareholders holding at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter unless a lesser percentage (but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter) is set forth in the REIT's declaration of trust. The Company's Declaration of Trust does not provide for a lesser percentage in such situations. A declaration of trust may permit the Trustees by a two-thirds vote to amend the declaration of trust from time to time to qualify as a REIT under the Code or the Maryland REIT law without the affirmative vote or written consent of the shareholders. The Company's Declaration of Trust permits such action by the Board of Trustees. The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Shares is The First National Bank of Boston. 9 RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER Because the Board of Trustees believes it is essential for the Company to continue to qualify as a REIT, the Declaration of Trust, subject to certain exceptions, provides that no holder may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than 5% (the "Ownership Limit") of the lesser of the number of shares or value of the issued and outstanding shares of beneficial interest of the Company. The Board of Trustees, upon receipt of a ruling from the Service, an opinion of counsel or other evidence satisfactory to the Board of Trustees and upon such other conditions as the Board of Trustees may direct, may also exempt a proposed transferee from the Ownership Limit. As a condition of such exemption, the intended transferee must give written notice to the Company of the proposed transfer no later than the fifteenth day prior to any transfer which, if consummated, would result in the intended transferee owning shares in excess of the Ownership Limit. Any transfer of Common or Preferred Shares that would (i) create a direct or indirect ownership of shares of beneficial interest in excess of the Ownership Limit, (ii) result in the shares of beneficial interest being owned by fewer than 100 persons, or (iii) result in the Company being "closely held" within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, will be void ab initio, and the intended transferee will acquire no rights to the shares of beneficial interest. The foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if the Board of Trustees determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Company to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT. The Company's Declaration of Trust exempts from the Ownership Limit certain of the beneficial owners of the Original Owners and EPMC, who would exceed the Ownership Limit as a result of the exchange of the OP Units for Common Shares, which OP Units were received by them at the time of the formation of the Company. These persons may also acquire additional shares of beneficial interest through the Company's Second Amended and Restated 1993 Share Option and Share Award Plan (the "Option and Award Plan"), but in no event will such persons be entitled to acquire additional shares of beneficial interest such that the five largest beneficial owners of the Company's shares of beneficial interest hold more than 50% in number or value of the total outstanding shares of beneficial interest. Any shares of beneficial interest the transfer of which would result in a person owning shares of beneficial interest in excess of the Ownership Limit or cause the Company to become "closely held" under Section 856(h) of the Code that is not otherwise permitted as provided above will constitute excess shares ("Excess Shares"), which will be transferred by operation of law to the Company as trustee for the exclusive benefit of the person or persons to whom the Excess Shares are ultimately transferred, until such time as the intended transferee retransfers the Excess Shares. While these Excess Shares are held in trust, they will not be entitled to vote or to share in any distributions (except upon liquidation). Subject to the Ownership Limit, the Excess Shares may be retransferred by the intended transferee to any person (if the Excess Shares would not be Excess Shares in the hands of such person) at a price not to exceed the price paid by the intended transferee or, if the intended transferee did not give value for such Excess Shares (e.g., a transfer by gift or devise), the fair market value (as described below) at the time of the purported transfer that resulted in the Excess Shares, at which point the Excess Shares will automatically be exchanged for the shares of beneficial interest to which the Excess Shares are attributable. In addition, such Excess Shares held in trust are subject to purchase by the Company at a purchase price equal to the lesser of the price paid for the Excess Shares in the transaction that created such Excess Shares (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the fair market value at the time of such devise or gift) and the fair market value of the Preferred Shares or Common Shares to which such Excess Shares relate on the date the Company exercises its right to purchase. Fair market value will be the last sales price of such shares of beneficial interest reported on the NYSE on the trading day immediately preceding the relevant date, or if not then traded on the NYSE, the last reported sales price of such shares of beneficial interest on the trading day immediately preceding the relevant date as reported on any exchange or quotation system over which such shares of beneficial interest may be traded, or if not then traded over any exchange or quotation system, then the fair market value of such shares of beneficial interest on the relevant date as determined in good faith by the Board of Trustees of the Company. The Company's right to purchase shall be for a period of 90 days after the later of the date of the purported transfer which resulted in the Excess Shares and the date the Board of Trustees determines in good faith that such a transfer has occurred. From and after the intended transfer to the intended transferee of the Excess Shares, the intended transferee shall cease to be entitled to distributions (except upon liquidation), voting rights and other benefits with respect to such shares except the right to payment of the purchase price for the shares or the retransfer of shares as provided above. Any distribution paid to a proposed transferee on Excess Shares prior to the discovery by the Company that such shares of beneficial interest have been transferred in violation of the provisions of the Company's Declaration of Trust shall be repaid to the Company upon demand. If the foregoing transfer restrictions are determined to be void or invalid by virtue of any legal decision, statute, rule or regulation, then the intended transferee of any Excess Shares may be deemed, at the option of the Company, to have acted as an agent on behalf of the Company in acquiring such Excess Shares and to hold such Excess Shares on behalf of the Company. All certificates representing shares of beneficial interest shall bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above. 10 All persons who own, directly or by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than 5% (or such other percentage between 1/2 of 1% and 5% as provided in the rules and regulations promulgated under the Code) of the lesser of the number or value of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of the Company must give a written notice to the Company by January 31 of each year. In addition, each shareholder will upon demand be required to disclose to the Company in writing such information with respect to the direct, indirect and constructive ownership of shares of beneficial interest as the Board of Trustees deems reasonably necessary to comply with the provisions of the Code applicable to a REIT, to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental agency or to determine any such compliance. For the Company to qualify as a REIT under the Code, shares of beneficial interest must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months (other than the first year) or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Also, not more than 50% of the value of the issued and outstanding shares of beneficial interest may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain tax-exempt entities) during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first year) or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Certain beneficial owners of the Zell Original Owners (i.e., beneficiaries of trusts established for the benefit of Mr. Zell and his family and the family of Mr. Robert Lurie, a deceased partner of Mr. Zell) and EPMC, together with the Starwood Original Owners (through their potential ownership of shares of beneficial interest) together constitute four individuals for purposes of this test and, under the Service's rules applicable to determining percentages of ownership, are deemed to own approximately 11% of the value of the outstanding shares of beneficial interest of the Company. These ownership limitations could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a takeover or other transaction in which holders of some, or a majority, of Common Shares might receive a premium for their Common Shares over the then prevailing market price or which such holders might believe to be otherwise in their best interest. SHARES AVAILABLE FOR FUTURE SALE As of October 4, 1996, the Company had outstanding 45,774,634 Common Shares, all of which are tradable without restriction under the Securities Act. The 1,182,835 Offered Shares to be sold pursuant to this Prospectus and any applicable Prospectus Supplement will be tradable without restriction under the Securities Act pursuant to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part. In addition, as of October 4, 1996, 8,723,774 Common Shares were issuable upon the exchange of OP Units currently held by the holders of OP Units or holders who were issued OP Units in exchange for certain of the Properties, including the Selling Shareholders, all of which Common Shares currently would be or may be, upon the exercise of registration rights, tradable without restriction under the Securities Act. The holders of Offered Shares may also be able to sell their shares without registration in accordance with the exemptions provided by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated in accordance with the Rule) who has beneficially owned his shares for at least two years, as well as any persons who may be deemed "affiliates" of the Company (as defined in the Securities Act), would be entitled to sell within any three month period a number of Common Shares that does not exceed the greater of 1% of the then outstanding number of shares or the average weekly trading volume of the shares during the four calendar weeks preceding each such sale. After shares are held for three years, a person who is not deemed an "affiliate" of the Company is entitled to sell such shares under Rule 144 without regard to the volume limitations described above. Sales of shares by affiliates will continue to be subject to the volume limitations. As defined in Rule 144, an "affiliate" of an issuer is a person that directly or indirectly, through the use of one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such issuer. The Company has adopted its Second Amended and Restated 1993 Share Option and Share Award Plan (the "Option and Award Plan") for the purpose of attracting and retaining officers, other key employees and directors. The Company has reserved 3,600,000 Common Shares for future issuance under the Option and Award Plan. As of October 4, 1996, the Company had granted options to purchase approximately 2.4 million Common Shares to certain officers, trustees and employees of the Company and consultants to the Company. The Company has also adopted its 1996 Non-Qualified Employee Share Purchase Plan (the "Employee Share Purchase Plan") and pursuant thereto has reserved 1,000,000 Common Shares for future issuance under such plan. As of October 4, 1996, the Company has not issued any Common Shares under the Employee Share Purchase Plan. The Company has filed Form S-8 Registration Statements with respect to the Common Shares issuable under each of the Option and Award Plan and the Employee Share Purchase Plan, which Common Shares may be resold without restriction, unless held by affiliates. 11 No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that future sales of Common Shares, or the availability of shares for future sale, will have on the market price prevailing from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of Common Shares (including Common Shares issued upon the exercise of Options), or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect prevailing market price of the shares. REGISTRATION RIGHTS The Company has filed the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part pursuant to its obligations under the terms of the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement among the Company, the Operating Partnership and each of the Artery Investors, as defined therein. The following summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement. Under the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, the Company is obligated to (a) use its best efforts to cause a registration statement filed pursuant to request as provided in the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement to become effective, and (b) to file such amendments, post-effective amendments and supplements to such registration statement as may be necessary to keep such registration statement continuously effective for the period required by the intended method of disposition or to describe the terms of any offering made pursuant to a "shelf registration" pursuant to Rule 415 of Regulation C promulgated under the Securities Act. The Company is registering the Offered Shares pursuant to such a shelf registration. Any Offered Shares or Common Shares sold to the public pursuant to this offering or another offering registered under the Securities Act or sold to the public in compliance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act (or any similar rule then in force) will cease to be "Registrable Securities" within the meaning of the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement. The Company has agreed to pay all of its expenses incident to its performance and compliance under the Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreement, including all legal fees of the Company, registration expenses, and qualification and filing fees associated with the registration of the Offered Shares. The Company also has agreed to indemnify the Selling Shareholders and their respective partners, officers and directors and each person who controls (within the meaning of the Securities Act) each of the Selling Shareholders against certain losses, claims, damages and expenses arising under the securities laws in connection with this offering. Each Selling Shareholder has agreed to indemnify the Company, its trustees, shareholders and officers and each person who controls (within the meaning of the Securities Act) the Company against other losses, claims, damages and expense arising under the securities laws in connection with this offering with respect to written information furnished to the Company by such Selling Shareholder; provided, however, that the indemnification obligation is individual to each Selling Shareholder. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS The following discussion summarizes all material federal income tax considerations to a holder of Common Shares. The following discussion, which is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, does not give a detailed discussion of any state, local or foreign tax considerations. Nor does it discuss all of the aspects of federal income taxation that may be relevant to a prospective shareholder in light of his or her particular circumstances or to certain types of shareholders (including insurance companies, tax-exempt entities, financial institutions or broker-dealers, foreign corporations and persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States) who are subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws. As used in this section, the term "Company" refers solely to Equity Residential Properties Trust. EACH PROSPECTIVE PURCHASER OF OFFERED SHARES IS ADVISED TO CONSULT WITH HIS OR HER OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO HIM, IN LIGHT OF HIS SPECIFIC OR UNIQUE CIRCUMSTANCES, OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND SALE OF SECURITIES IN AN ENTITY ELECTING TO BE TAXED AS A REIT, INCLUDING THE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF SUCH PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP, SALE AND ELECTION AND OF POTENTIAL CHANGES IN APPLICABLE TAX LAWS. TAXATION OF THE COMPANY General. The Company elected REIT status commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1993. In the opinion of Hogan & Hartson L.L.P., which has acted as special tax counsel to the Company, the Company was organized and has operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code for its taxable years ended December 31, 1993, December 31, 1994 and December 31, 1995, and the Company's current organization and method of operation 12 should enable it to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. It must be emphasized that this opinion is based on various assumptions relating to the organization and operation of the Company, the Operating Partnership, the Management Partnerships, Equity Residential Properties Management Corp., Equity Residential Properties Management Corp. II and Equity Residential Properties Management Corp. III (collectively, the "Management Corps."), the limited partnerships and limited liability companies (the "Financing Partnerships") that own the beneficial interest of certain Properties encumbered by mortgage financing, and various qualified REIT subsidiaries wholly owned by the Company (each a "QRS Corporation") (collectively, the Management Partnerships, the Management Corps., the Financing Partnerships and the QRS Corporations may be referred to as the "Subsidiary Entities"), and is conditioned upon certain representations made by the Company and the Operating Partnership as to certain relevant factual matters, including matters related to the organization, expected operation, and assets of the Company, the Operating Partnership and the Subsidiary Entities. The Company's qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon the Company's ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating and other results, the various requirements under the Code and described in the Prospectus with regard to, among other things, the sources of its gross income, the composition of its assets, the level of its dividends to shareholders, and the diversity of its share ownership. Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. will not review the Company's compliance with these requirements on a continuing basis. No assurance can be given that the actual results of the operations of the Company, the Operating Partnership, and the Subsidiary Entities, the sources of their income, the nature of their assets, the level of the Company's dividends to shareholders and the diversity of its share ownership for any given taxable year will satisfy the requirements under the Code for qualification and taxation as a REIT. In any year in which the Company qualifies as a REIT, generally it will not be subject to Federal income tax on that portion of its REIT taxable income or capital gain which is distributed to shareholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the "double taxation" (at both the corporate and shareholder levels) that generally results from the use of corporate investment vehicles. The Company may, however, be subject to tax at normal corporate rates upon any taxable income or capital gain not distributed. If the Company should fail to satisfy either the 75% or the 95% gross income test (as discussed below), and nonetheless maintains its qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements are met, it will be subject to a 100% tax on the greater of the amount by which it fails the 75% or the 95% test, multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect its profitability. The Company will also be subject to a tax of 100% on net income from any "prohibited transaction," as described below. In addition, if the Company should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 85% of its REIT ordinary income for such year, (ii) 95% of its REIT capital gain net income for such year, and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior years, the Company would be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts actually distributed. The Company may also be subject to the corporate "alternative minimum tax," as well as tax in certain situations and on certain transactions not presently contemplated. The Company will use the calendar year both for Federal income tax purposes and for financial reporting purposes. In order to qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet, among others, the following requirements: Share Ownership Test. Shares of beneficial interest of the Company must be held by a minimum of 100 persons for at least, approximately, 92% of the days in each taxable year subsequent to 1993. In addition, at all times during the second half of each taxable year subsequent to 1993, no more than 50% in value of the shares of beneficial interest of the Company may be owned, directly or indirectly and by applying certain constructive ownership rules, by five or fewer individuals. The Company believes that it has satisfied both of these tests, and it believes it will continue to do so. In order to help comply with the second of these tests, the Company has placed certain restrictions on the transfer of the Common Shares and Preferred Shares that are intended to prevent further concentration of share ownership. Asset Tests. At the close of each quarter of the Company's taxable year, the Company must satisfy two tests relating to the nature of its assets. First, at least 75% of the value of the Company's total assets must be represented by any combination of interests in real property, interests in mortgages on real property, shares in other REITs, cash, cash items and certain government securities. Second, although the remaining 25% of the Company's assets generally may be invested without restriction, securities in this class may not exceed either (i) 5% of the value of the Company's total assets as to any one issuer (other than an interest in a partnership), or (ii) 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer (other than an interest in a partnership or shares of a qualified REIT subsidiary or another REIT). Where the Company invests in a partnership, it will be deemed to own a proportionate share of the partnership's assets. The Company's investment in the Properties through its interest in the Operating Partnership will constitute qualified assets for purposes of the 75% asset test. The Operating Partnership owns none of the voting stock, but owns 100% of the non-voting stock of each of the Management Corps. By virtue of its partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, the Company is deemed to own its pro rata share of the assets of the Operating Partnership, including the stock of the Management Corps. as described above. The Operating 13 Partnership has not and will not own more than 10% of the voting securities of the Management Corps. In addition, based upon its analysis of the estimated value of the stock of the Management Corps. owned by the Operating Partnership relative to the estimated value of the other assets owned by the Operating Partnership, the Company believes that its pro rata share of the stock of each Management Corp. held by the Operating Partnership has not exceeded and will not exceed 5% of the total value of the Company's assets. No independent appraisals, however, have been obtained to support this conclusion. This 5% limitation must be satisfied not only on the date that the Company first acquired stock of a Management Corp., but also at the end of each quarter in which the Company increases its interest in either of the Management Corps. (including as a result of increasing its interest in the Operating Partnership as the holders of OP Units exercise their exchange rights). Although the Company plans to take steps to ensure that it satisfies the 5% value test for any quarter with respect to which retesting is to occur, there can be no assurance that such steps will always be successful or will not require a reduction in the Operating Partnership's overall interest in the Management Corps. The Company's indirect interests as a general partner in the Financing Partnerships are held through the QRS Corporations, each of which is organized and operated as a "qualified REIT subsidiary" within the meaning of the Code. Qualified REIT subsidiaries are not treated as separate entities from their parent REIT. Instead, all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of each QRS Corporation will be treated as assets, liabilities and items of the Company. Each QRS Corporation therefore will not be subject to Federal corporate income taxation, although it may be subject to state or local taxation. In addition, the Company's ownership of the voting stock of each QRS Corporation will not violate the general restriction against ownership of more than 10% of the voting securities of any issuer. Gross Income Tests. There are three separate percentage tests relating to the sources of the Company's gross income which must be satisfied for each taxable year. For purposes of these tests, where the Company invests in a partnership, the Company will be treated as receiving its share of the income and loss of the partnership, and the gross income of the partnership will retain the same character in the hands of the Company as it has in the hands of the partnership. 1. The 75% Test. At least 75% of the Company's gross income for each taxable year must be "qualifying income." Qualifying income generally includes (i) rents from real property (except as modified below); (ii) interest on obligations collateralized by mortgages on, or interests in, real property; (iii) gains from the sale or other disposition of interests in real property and real estate mortgages, other than gain from property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of the Company's trade or business ("dealer property"); (iv) distributions on shares in other REITs, as well as gain from the sale of such shares; (v) abatements and refunds of real property taxes; (vi) income from the operation, and gain from the sale, of property acquired at or in lieu of a foreclosure of the mortgage collateralized by such property ("foreclosure property"); (vii) commitment fees received for agreeing to make loans collateralized by mortgages on real property or to purchase or lease real property; and (viii) certain qualified temporary investment income attributable to the investment of new capital received by the Company in exchange for its shares during the one-year period following the receipt of such new capital. Rents received from a tenant will not, however, qualify as rents from real property in satisfying the 75% test (or the 95% gross income test described below) if the Company, or an owner of 10% or more of the Company, directly or constructively owns 10% or more of such tenant. In addition, if rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property is greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease, then the portion of rent attributable to such personal property will not qualify as rents from real property. Moreover, an amount received or accrued will not qualify as rents from real property (or as interest income) for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests if it is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. Finally, for rents received to qualify as rents from real property, the Company generally must not operate or manage the property or furnish or render services to tenants, other than through an "independent contractor" from whom the Company derives no revenue. The "independent contractor" requirement, however, does not apply to the extent that the services provided by the Company are "usually or customarily rendered" in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only, and are not otherwise considered "rendered to the occupant." The Company, through the Management Partnerships, provides certain services with respect to the Properties and any newly acquired multifamily residential properties. The Company believes that the services provided by the Management Partnerships are usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only, and therefore that the provision of such services has not caused, and will not in the future cause the rents received with respect to the Properties to fail to qualify as rents from real property for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. 2. The 95% Test. At least 95% of the Company's gross income for the taxable year must be derived from the above-described qualifying income, or from dividends, interest or gains from the sale or disposition of stock or other securities that are not dealer property. Dividends (including the Company's share of dividends paid by the Management Corps.) and interest on 14 any obligations not collateralized by an interest in real property and any payments made on behalf of the Company by a financial institution pursuant to a rate protection agreement will be included as qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not for purposes of the 75% test. For purposes of determining whether the Company complies with the 75% and 95% income tests, gross income does not include income from prohibited transactions. A "prohibited transaction" is a sale of dealer property, excluding certain dealer property held by the Company for at least four years and excluding foreclosure property. The Company's investment in the Properties, through the Operating Partnership, in major part gives rise to rental income qualifying under the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Gains on sales of the Properties or of the Company's interest in the Operating Partnership will generally qualify under the 75% and 95% gross income tests. The Company believes that the income on its other investments, including its indirect investment in the Management Corps., has not resulted in the Company failing the 75% or 95% gross income test for any year, and the Company anticipates that this will continue to be the case. Even if the Company fails to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, it may still qualify as a REIT for such year if it is entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Code. These relief provisions will generally be available if: (i) the Company's failure to comply was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect; (ii) the Company reports the nature and amount of each item of its income included in the tests on a schedule attached to its tax return; and (iii) any incorrect information on this schedule is not due to fraud with intent to evade tax. If these relief provisions apply, the Company, however, will still be subject to a 100% tax based upon the greater of the amount by which it fails either the 75% or 95% gross income test for that year, less certain adjustments. 3. The 30% Test. The Company must derive less than 30% of its gross income for each taxable year from the sale or other disposition of (i) real property held for less than four years (other than foreclosure property and involuntary conversions), (ii) stock or securities held for less than one year, and (iii) property in a prohibited transaction. The Company has not had and does not anticipate that it will have any substantial difficulty in complying with this test. Annual Distribution Requirements. The Company, in order to qualify as a REIT, is required to make dividend distributions (other than capital gain distributions) to its shareholders each year in an amount at least equal to (A) the sum of (i) 95% of the Company's REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and the Company's net capital gain) and (ii) 95% of the net income (after tax), if any, from foreclosure property, minus (B) the sum of certain items of non-cash income. Such distributions must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if declared before the Company timely files its tax return for such year and if paid on or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration. To the extent that the Company does not distribute all of its net capital gain or distributes at least 95%, but less than 100%, of its REIT taxable income, as adjusted, it will be subject to tax on the undistributed amount at regular capital gains or ordinary corporate tax rates, as the case may be. The Company has made and intends to continue to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements. In this regard, the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership authorizes the Company, as general partner, to take such steps as may be necessary to cause the Operating Partnership to distribute to its partners an amount sufficient to permit the Company to meet these distribution requirements. It is possible that the Company may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the 95% distribution requirement, due to the payment of principal on debt or to timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of expenses on the one hand, and the inclusion of such income and deduction of such expenses in computing the Company's REIT taxable income on the other hand. To avoid any problem with the 95% distribution requirement, the Company will closely monitor the relationship between its REIT taxable income and cash flow and, if necessary, will borrow funds (or cause the Operating Partnership or other affiliates to borrow funds) in order to satisfy the distribution requirement. Failure to Qualify. If the Company fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year and the relief provisions do not apply, the Company will be subject to tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to shareholders in any year in which the Company fails to qualify will not be required and, if made, will not be deductible by the Company. In such event, to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and profits, all distributions to shareholders will be taxable as ordinary income, and, subject to certain limitations in the Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, the Company also will be ineligible for qualification as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. 15 TAX ASPECTS OF THE COMPANY'S INVESTMENTS IN PARTNERSHIPS General. The Company holds direct or indirect interests in the Operating Partnership, the Management Partnerships and certain Financing Partnerships (each individually a "Partnership" and, collectively, the "Partnerships"). The Company believes that each of the Partnerships qualifies as a partnership (as opposed to an association taxable as a corporation) for Federal income tax purposes. If any of the Partnerships were to be treated as an association, it would be taxable as a corporation and therefore subject to an entity-level tax on its income. In such a situation, the character of the Company's assets and items of gross income would change, which would preclude the Company from satisfying the asset tests and possibly the income tests (see "Federal Income Tax Considerations--Taxation of the Company--Asset Tests" and "--Gross Income Tests"), and in turn would prevent the Company from qualifying as a REIT. Tax Allocations with Respect to the Properties. Pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Code, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership (such as certain of the 69 Properties contributed at the time of the IPO (the "Initial Properties")) must be allocated in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, respectively, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of such unrealized gain or unrealized loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value and the adjusted tax basis of contributed property at the time of contribution (a "Book-Tax Difference"). Such allocations are solely for Federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners. The Operating Partnership was formed by way of contributions of appreciated property (including certain of the Initial Properties). Consequently, the Operating Partnership agreement (as well as the Financing Partnerships agreements) requires such allocations to be made in a manner consistent with Section 704(c). As a result, certain limited partners of the Operating Partnership will be allocated lower amounts of depreciation deductions for tax purposes and increased taxable income and gain on sale by the Partnerships of the contributed assets (including certain of the Initial Properties). These allocations will tend to eliminate the Book-Tax Difference over the life of the Partnerships. However, the special allocation rules of Section 704(c) as applied by the Company do not always entirely rectify the Book-Tax Difference on an annual basis or with respect to a specific taxable transaction such as a sale. Thus, the carryover basis of the contributed assets in the hands of the Partnerships will cause the Company to be allocated lower depreciation and other deductions, and possibly greater amounts of taxable income in the event of a sale of such contributed assets in excess of the economic or book income allocated to it as a result of such sale. This may cause the Company to recognize taxable income in excess of cash proceeds, which might adversely affect the Company's ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations--Taxation of the Company-- Annual Distribution Requirements." Sale of the Properties. The Company's share of any gain realized by the Operating Partnership on the sale of any dealer property generally will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations--Taxation of the Company-- Gross Income Tests--The 95% Test." Under existing law, whether property is dealer property is a question of fact that depends on all the facts and circumstances with respect to the particular transaction. The Partnerships have held and intend to continue to hold the Properties for investment with a view to long-term appreciation, to engage in the business of acquiring, developing, owning and operating the Properties and other multifamily residential properties and to make such occasional sales of the Properties as are consistent with the Company's investment objectives. Based upon such investment objectives, the Company believes that in general the Properties should not be considered dealer property and that the amount of income from prohibited transactions, if any, will not be material. TAXATION OF TAXABLE DOMESTIC SHAREHOLDERS General. As long as the Company qualifies as a REIT, distributions made to the Company's taxable domestic shareholders, with respect to their Offered Shares out of current or accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain dividends) will be taken into account by them as ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for shareholders that are corporations. For purposes of determining whether distributions on the Offered Shares are out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, the earnings and profits of the Company will be allocated first to the Preferred Shares and second to the Common Shares. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will have sufficient earnings and profits to cover distributions on the Preferred Shares. Dividends that are designated as capital gain dividends will be taxed as long-term capital gains (to the extent that they do not exceed the Company's actual net capital gain for the taxable year) without regard to the period for which the shareholder has held its Shares. However, corporate shareholders may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income. To the extent that the Company makes distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, these distributions are treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the shareholder, reducing the tax basis of a shareholder's Offered Shares by the amount of such distribution (but not below zero), with distributions in excess of the 16 shareholder's tax basis taxable as capital gains (if the Offered Shares are held as a capital asset). In addition, any dividend declared by the Company in October, November or December of any year and payable to a shareholder of record on a specific date in any such month shall be treated as both paid by the Company and received by the shareholder on December 31 of such year, provided that the dividend is actually paid by the Company during January of the following calendar year. Shareholders may not include in their individual income tax returns any net operating losses or capital losses of the Company. In general, any loss upon a sale or exchange of Offered Shares by a shareholder who has held such Offered Shares for six months or less (after applying certain holding period rules) will be treated as a long-term capital loss, to the extent of distributions from the Company received by such shareholder are required to be treated by such shareholder as long-term capital gains. TAXATION OF TAX-EXEMPT SHAREHOLDERS Most tax-exempt employees' pension trusts are not subject to Federal income tax except to the extent of their receipt of "unrelated business taxable income" as defined in Section 512(a) of the Code ("UBTI"). Distributions by the Company to a shareholder that is a tax-exempt entity should not constitute UBTI, provided that the tax-exempt entity has not financed the acquisition of its Offered Shares with "acquisition indebtedness" within the meaning of the Code and the Offered Shares are not otherwise used in an unrelated trade or business of the tax-exempt entity. In addition, for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1994, certain pension trusts that own more than 10% of a "pension- held REIT" must report a portion of the distribution that they receive from such a REIT as UBTI. The Company has not been and does not expect to be treated as a pension-held REIT for purposes of this rule. TAXATION OF FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS The following is a discussion of certain anticipated U.S. Federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of Offered Shares applicable to Non-U.S. Holders of such Offered Shares. A "Non-U.S. Holder" is any person other than (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation or partnership created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof, or (iii) an estate or trust whose income is includable in gross income for U.S. Federal income tax purposes regardless of its source. The discussion is based on current law and is for general information only. Distributions From the Company. 1. Ordinary Dividends. The portion of dividends received by Non-U.S. Holders payable out of the Company's earnings and profits which are not attributable to capital gains of the Company or of the Operating Partnership and which are not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (unless reduced by an applicable treaty). In general, Non-U.S. Holders will not be considered engaged in a U.S. trade or business solely as a result of their ownership of Offered Shares. In cases where the dividend income from a Non-U.S. Holder's investment in Offered Shares is (or is treated as) effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder's conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the Non-U.S. Holder generally will be subject to U.S. tax at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. shareholders are taxed with respect to such dividends (and may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a Non-U.S. Holder that is a foreign corporation). 2. Non-Dividend Distributions. Distributions by the Company which are not dividends out of the earnings and profits of the Company will not be subject to U.S. income or withholding tax. If it cannot be determined at the time a distribution is made whether or not such distribution will be in excess of the Company's current and accumulated earnings and profits, the entire distribution will be subject to withholding at the rate applicable to dividends. However, the Non-U.S. Holder may seek a refund of such amounts from the Service if it is subsequently determined that such distribution was, in fact, in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits of the Company. 3. Capital Gain Dividends. Under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 ("FIRPTA"), a distribution made by the Company to a Non-U.S. Holder, to the extent attributable to gains from dispositions of United States Real Property Interests ("USRPIs") such as the Properties beneficially owned by the Company ("USRPI Capital Gains"), will be considered effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Non-U.S. Holder and subject to U.S. income tax at the rate applicable to U.S. individuals or corporations, without regard to whether such distribution is designated as a capital gain dividend. In addition, the Company will be required to withhold tax equal to 35% of the amount of dividends to the extent such dividends constitute USRPI Capital Gains. Distributions subject to FIRPTA may also be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a foreign corporate shareholder that is not entitled to treaty exemption. 17 Dispositions of Offered Shares. Unless Offered Shares constitute a USRPI, a sale of Offered Shares by a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. taxation under FIRPTA. The Offered Shares will not constitute a USRPI if the Company is a "domestically controlled REIT." A domestically controlled REIT is a REIT in which, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of its Offered Shares is held directly or indirectly by Non-U.S. Holders. The Company believes that it has been and anticipates that it will continue to be a domestically controlled REIT, and therefore that the sale of Offered Shares will not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. Because the Offered Shares will be publicly traded, however, no assurance can be given the Company will continue to be a domestically controlled REIT. If the Company does not constitute a domestically controlled REIT, a Non-U.S. Holder's sale of Offered Shares generally will still not be subject to tax under FIRPTA as a sale of a USRPI provided that (i) the Offered Shares are "regularly traded" (as defined by applicable Treasury regulations) on an established securities market and (ii) the selling Non-U.S. Holder held 5% or less of the Company's outstanding Common Shares and Preferred Shares at all times during a specified testing period. If gain on the sale of Offered Shares were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the Non-U.S. Holder would be subject to the same treatment as a U.S. shareholder with respect to such gain (subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals) and the purchaser of Offered Shares could be required to withhold 10% of the purchase price and remit such amount to the Service. Capital gains not subject to FIRPTA will nonetheless be taxable in the United States to a Non- U.S. Holder in two cases: (i) if the Non-U.S. Holder's investment in Offered Shares is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business conducted by such Non-U.S. Holder, the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to the same treatment as a U.S. shareholder with respect to such gain, or (ii) if the Non-U.S. Holder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a "tax home" in the United States, the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual's capital gain. OTHER TAX CONSIDERATIONS The Management Corps. A portion of the cash to be used by the Operating Partnership to fund distributions to its partners, including the Company, is expected to come from the Management Corps. through payments of dividends on the non-voting stock of the Management Corps. held by the Operating Partnership. The Management Corps. pay Federal and state income tax at the full applicable corporate rates. The Management Corps. will attempt to minimize the amount of such taxes, but there can be no assurance whether or the extent to which measures taken to minimize taxes will be successful. To the extent that the Management Corps. are required to pay Federal, state or local taxes, the cash available for distribution by the Company to shareholders will be reduced accordingly. State and Local Taxes. The Company and its shareholders may be subject to state or local taxation in various jurisdictions, including those in which it or they transact business or reside. The state and local tax treatment of the Company and its shareholders may not conform to the Federal income tax consequences discussed above. Consequently, prospective shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in the shares of the Company. 18 SELLING SHAREHOLDERS As described elsewhere herein, the "Selling Shareholders" are holders of OP Units that were issued such OP Units in exchange for the contribution of certain Properties to the Company. The following table provides the names of each Selling Shareholder and the number of Common Shares to be owned upon exchange of OP Units by each Selling Shareholder, which is equal to the maximum number of Offered Shares to be sold in the offering:
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES TO BE SOLD IN NAME OF SELLING SHAREHOLDER THE OFFERING (1)(2) --------------------------- -------------------- Bel Pre Associates Limited Partnership(3)..... 146,134 The Estate of Judith Bryant................... 5,202 Joshua Frieman................................ 2,203 Michael Frieman............................... 2,203 Alan B. Geller................................ 39,662 Raymond Dungan, As Trustee For The Irrevocable Trust For Estelle Gelman......... 28,706 Raymond Dungan, As Trustee For The Trust Under The Will of Melvin Gelman, Deceased For The Benefit Of Estelle Gelman... 3,519 GGL Investment Partners #1(3)................. 75,714 Henry H. Goldberg(3).......................... 263,347 Carol B. Goldberg(3)(4)....................... 48,078 Thomas Hall................................... 734 Steven J. Katz Irrevocable Trust.............. 75,714 Robert P. Kogod............................... 19,372 Morris Rodman................................. 124,221 Judy Ann Rosenberg............................ 13,802 Steven M. Rosenberg........................... 13,802 Mary Salandria................................ 5,202 Robert H. Smith............................... 19,372 Walter E. Story............................... 9,670 The George Wasserman Family Partnership....... 286,178 --------- TOTAL 1,182,835 =========
____________________ (1) Unless otherwise indicated, assuming the exchange of all OP Units held by each Selling Shareholder, the number of Common Shares set forth in this column is also the number of Common Shares owned by each Selling Shareholder prior to the offering. Each Selling Shareholder has claimed sole voting and investment power concerning their Offered Shares. (2) There is no assurance that the Selling Shareholders will sell any or all of the Offered Shares. Unless otherwise indicated, if all of the Offered Shares are sold, none of the Selling Shareholders would own any securities of the Company after completion of the offering. (3) Henry H. Goldberg, a trustee of the Company since 1995, is a general partner of Bel Pre Associates Limited Partnership and GGL Investment Partners #1. Mr. Goldberg is also deemed to have beneficial ownership in 5,000 Common Shares subject to options granted to him as a result of his position as a trustee which are currently exercisable or are exercisable within 60 days of the date hereof. Mr. Goldberg disclaims beneficial ownership of the interests held by his spouse and 33.33% of the interests held by GGL Investment Partners #1. (4) Carol B. Goldberg is the wife of Henry H. Goldberg. 19 PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION Any of the Selling Shareholders may from time to time, in one or more transactions, sell all or a portion of the Offered Shares on the NYSE, in the over-the-counter market, on any other national securities exchange on which the Common Shares are listed or traded, in negotiated transactions, in underwritten transactions or otherwise, at prices then prevailing or related to the then current market price or at negotiated prices. The offering price of the Offered Shares from time to time will be determined by the Selling Shareholders and, at the time of such determination, may be higher or lower than the market price of the Common Shares on the NYSE. In connection with an underwritten offering, underwriters or agents may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from a Selling Shareholder or from purchasers of Offered Shares for whom they may act as agents, and underwriters may sell Offered Shares to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Under agreements that may be entered into by the Company, underwriters, dealers and agents who participate in the distribution of Offered Shares may be entitled to indemnification by the Company against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with respect to payments which such underwriters, dealers or agents may be required to make in respect thereof. The Offered Shares may be sold directly or through broker- dealers acting as principal or agent, or pursuant to a distribution by one or more underwriters on a firm commitment or best-efforts basis. The methods by which the Offered Shares may be sold include (a) a block trade in which the broker-dealer so engaged will attempt to sell the Offered Shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; (b) purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by such broker-dealer for its account pursuant to this Prospectus; (c) ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers; (d) an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the NYSE; (e) privately-negotiated transactions; and (f) underwritten transactions. The Selling Shareholders and any underwriters, dealers or agents participating in the distribution of the Offered Shares may be deemed to be "underwriters" within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any profit on the sale of the Offered Shares by the Selling Shareholder sand any commissions received by an such broker-dealers may be deemed to be underwriting commissions under the Securities Act. When a Selling Shareholder elects to make a particular offer of Offered Shares, a prospectus supplement, if required, will be distributed that will identify any underwriters, dealers or agents and any discounts, commissions and other terms constituting compensation from such Selling Shareholder and any other required information. In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the Offered Shares may be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain states, the Offered Shares may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in such state or an exemption from such registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with. The Company has agreed to pay all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of the Offered Shares, including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, printing expenses and fees and disbursements of counsel and accountants for the Company. The Selling Shareholders will pay any brokerage fees and commissions, fees and disbursements of legal counsel for the Selling Shareholders and stock transfer and other taxes attributable to the sale of the Offered Shares. The Company also has agreed to indemnify each of the Selling Shareholders and their respective partners, officers and directors and each person who controls (within the meaning of the Securities Act) such Selling Shareholder against certain losses, claims, damages and expenses arising under the securities laws in connection with this offering. Each of the Selling Shareholders has agreed to indemnify the Company, its officers, trustees and shareholders and each person who controls (within the meaning of the Securities Act) the Company against other losses, claims, damages and expenses arising under the securities laws in connection with this offering with respect to written information furnished to the Company by such Selling Shareholder; provided, however, that the indemnification obligation is several, not joint, as to each Selling Shareholder. There is no assurance that the Selling Shareholders will sell any or all of the Offered Shares. 20 EXPERTS The Consolidated and Combined Financial Statements incorporated in this Prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended by Form 10-K/A, for the year ended December 31, 1995 have been so incorporated in reliance on the reports of Grant Thornton LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. The Combined Statement of Revenue and Certain Expenses of the 1996 Acquired Properties and Probable Properties for the year ended December 31, 1995, as set forth in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, as amended by Form 8-K/A, dated May 23, 1996, has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, as set forth in their report thereon included therein and incorporated in this Prospectus by reference. Such combined financial statement is incorporated herein by reference in reliance upon such report given upon the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing. LEGAL MATTERS The legality of the Offered Shares offered hereby will be passed upon for the Company by Rosenberg & Liebentritt, P.C., Chicago, Illinois. Rosenberg & Liebentritt, P.C. will rely on Hogan & Hartson L.L.P., Washington, D.C., as to certain matters of Maryland law. Certain tax matters will be passed upon by Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. Sheli Z. Rosenberg, the Chairman of the Board of Rosenberg & Liebentritt, P.C., is a trustee of the Company. The Company incurred legal fees to Rosenberg & Liebentritt, P.C. of approximately $1.031 million in 1995 and, through September 1, 1996, approximately $540,000 in 1996. Attorneys of Rosenberg & Liebentritt, P.C. beneficially own less than 1% of the outstanding Common Shares, either directly or upon the exercise of options. 21 ================================================================================ NO DEALER, SALESPERSON OR OTHER INDIVIDUAL HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS NOT CONTAINED OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS PROSPECTUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING COVERED BY THIS PROSPECTUS. IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL, OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY, THE OFFERED SHARES, IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE, OR TO ANY PERSON TO WHOM, IT IS UNLAWFUL TO MAKE ANY SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION. THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS OR ANY OFFER OR SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL NOT, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS NOT BEEN ANY CHANGE IN THE FACTS SET FORTH IN THIS PROSPECTUS OR IN THE AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY SINCE THE DATE HEREOF. -------------------- TABLE OF CONTENTS PROSPECTUS
Page ---- Available Information..................................................... 2 Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference........................... 2 The Company............................................................... 3 Use of Proceeds........................................................... 4 Risk Factors.............................................................. 4 Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest.............................. 9 Shares Available for Future Sale.......................................... 11 Registration Rights....................................................... 12 Federal Income Tax Considerations......................................... 12 Selling Shareholders...................................................... 19 Plan of Distribution...................................................... 20 Experts................................................................... 21 Legal Matters............................................................. 21
================================================================================ ================================================================================ 1,182,835 SHARES EQUITY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRUST COMMON SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST PROSPECTUS OCTOBER 4, 1996 ================================================================================
-----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----