10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

 Commission File Number 000-06253

SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Arkansas	71-0407808
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
501 Main Street	71601
Pine Bluff	(Zip Code)
Arkansas
(Address of principal executive offices)

 (870) 541-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share	SFNC	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒ Yes   ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   ☒ Yes   ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐	Non-accelerated filer	☐
Smaller reporting company	☐	Emerging Growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act.).  ☐ Yes   ☒ No

The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock as of November 2, 2022, was 126,969,648.

Simmons First National Corporation

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

September 30, 2022

Table of Contents

		Page
Part I:	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Consolidated Statements of Income	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity	7
	Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9
	Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	53
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	54
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	80
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	82
Part II:	Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	82
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	83
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	83
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	*
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	*
Item 5.	Other Information	*
Item 6.	Exhibits	84
Signatures		86

___________________

*    No reportable information under this item.

Part I:    Financial Information

Item 1.    Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Simmons First National Corporation

Consolidated Balance Sheets

September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands, except share data)	2022		2021
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and noninterest bearing balances due from banks	$	175,547	$	209,190
Interest bearing balances due from banks and federal funds sold	503,863		1,441,463
Cash and cash equivalents	679,410		1,650,653
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	1,290		1,882
Investment securities:
Held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of $1,384 and $1,279 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	3,787,076		1,529,221
Available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (amortized cost of $4,484,131 and $7,130,861 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)	3,937,543		7,113,545
Total investments	7,724,619		8,642,766
Mortgage loans held for sale	12,759		36,356
Other loans held for sale	2,292		100
Loans	15,607,135		12,012,503
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(197,589)		(205,332)
Net loans	15,409,546		11,807,171
Premises and equipment	549,932		483,469
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	3,612		6,032
Interest receivable	86,637		72,990
Bank owned life insurance	488,364		445,305
Goodwill	1,309,000		1,146,007
Other intangible assets	133,059		106,235
Other assets	675,554		325,793
Total assets	$	27,076,074	$	24,724,759
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	$	6,218,283	$	5,325,318
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	12,103,994		11,588,770
Time deposits	3,826,415		2,452,460
Total deposits	22,148,692		19,366,548
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	168,513		185,403
Other borrowings	964,772		1,337,973
Subordinated notes and debentures	365,951		384,131
Accrued interest and other liabilities	270,995		201,863
Total liabilities	23,918,923		21,475,918
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, Class A, $0.01 par value; 350,000,000 and 175,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; 126,943,467 and 112,715,444 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	1,269		1,127
Surplus	2,527,153		2,164,989
Undivided profits	1,196,459		1,093,270
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(567,730)		(10,545)
Total stockholders’ equity	3,157,151		3,248,841
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	27,076,074	$	24,724,759

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

Simmons First National Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Income

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
INTEREST INCOME
Loans, including fees	$	187,347	$	132,216	$	478,101	$	417,444
Interest bearing balances due from banks and federal funds sold	1,141		763		2,907		2,212
Investment securities	40,954		30,717		112,514		79,418
Mortgage loans held for sale	178		230		568		1,255
Other loans held for sale	998		—		3,061		—
TOTAL INTEREST INCOME	230,618		163,926		597,151		500,329
INTEREST EXPENSE
Deposits	25,429		9,116		42,000		33,077
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	305		70		492		507
Other borrowings	6,048		4,893		15,671		14,592
Subordinated notes and debentures	5,251		4,610		14,698		13,702
TOTAL INTEREST EXPENSE	37,033		18,689		72,861		61,878
NET INTEREST INCOME	193,585		145,237		524,290		438,451
Provision for credit losses	103		(19,890)		14,048		(31,396)
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES	193,482		165,127		510,242		469,847
NONINTEREST INCOME
Service charges on deposit accounts	12,560		11,557		34,635		31,322
Debit and credit card fees	7,685		7,102		23,358		20,785
Wealth management fees	8,562		7,877		23,744		23,130
Mortgage lending income	2,593		5,818		9,383		16,755
Bank owned life insurance income	2,902		2,573		8,171		6,134
Other service charges and fees	2,085		1,964		5,593		5,934
Gain (loss) on sale of securities, net	(22)		5,248		(226)		15,846
Other income	6,658		6,411		20,761		25,308
TOTAL NONINTEREST INCOME	43,023		48,550		125,419		145,214
NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and employee benefits	71,923		61,902		213,964		182,503
Occupancy expense, net	11,674		9,361		32,701		27,764
Furniture and equipment expense	5,394		4,895		15,273		15,169
Other real estate and foreclosure expense	168		339		653		1,545
Deposit insurance	3,278		1,870		7,928		4,865
Merger related costs	1,422		1,401		22,441		2,320
Other operating expenses	45,084		34,565		131,213		107,826
TOTAL NONINTEREST EXPENSE	138,943		114,333		424,173		341,992
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	97,562		99,344		211,488		273,069
Provision for income taxes	16,959		18,770		38,336		50,151
NET INCOME	80,603		80,574		173,152		222,918
Preferred stock dividends	—		13		—		39
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	80,603	$	80,561	$	173,152	$	222,879
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE	$	0.63	$	0.75	$	1.41	$	2.06
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE	$	0.63	$	0.74	$	1.40	$	2.05

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

Simmons First National Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
NET INCOME	$	80,603	$	80,574	$	173,152	$	222,918
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Unrealized holding losses arising during the period on available-for-sale securities	(195,540)		(41,398)		(639,915)		(95,313)
Less: Reclassification adjustment for realized (losses) gains included in net income	(22)		5,248		(226)		15,846
Less: Realized losses on available-for-sale securities interest rate hedges	(41,412)		(13,722)		(101,443)		(13,722)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity during the period	—		1,106		(206,682)		1,106
Less: Accretion of net unrealized losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity	4,700		—		9,401		—
Other comprehensive loss, before tax effect	(158,806)		(31,818)		(754,329)		(96,331)
Less: Tax effect of other comprehensive loss	(41,504)		(8,316)		(197,144)		(25,176)
TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	(117,302)		(23,502)		(557,185)		(71,155)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	$	(36,699)	$	57,072	$	(384,033)	$	151,763

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

Simmons First National Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
	(Unaudited)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	173,152	$	222,918
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	36,660		35,396
Provision for credit losses	14,048		(31,396)
(Gain) loss on sale of investments	226		(15,846)
Net accretion of investment securities and assets	(32,531)		(36,929)
Net amortization on borrowings	274		404
Stock-based compensation expense	11,475		12,591
Gain on sale of premises and equipment, net of impairment	—		(591)
Gain on sale of foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	(424)		(76)
Gain on sale of mortgage loans held for sale	(7,187)		(29,222)
Gain on sale of loans	(282)		—
Gain on sale of branches	—		(5,316)
Deferred income taxes	2,924		3,585
Income from bank owned life insurance	(8,189)		(6,229)
Loss from early retirement of TruPS	365		—
Originations of mortgage loans held for sale	(436,477)		(752,480)
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale	467,261		884,452
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Interest receivable	(5,852)		4,191
Other assets	(18,712)		(22,677)
Accrued interest and other liabilities	34,850		(41,674)
Income taxes payable	(5,373)		(1,199)
Net cash provided by operating activities	226,208		219,902
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net change in loans	(1,344,441)		2,056,058
Proceeds from sale of loans	51,856		26,472
Net change in due from banks - time	592		(201)
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(25,757)		(36,832)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	—		5,621
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	3,476		14,594
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities	—		342,577
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities	974,625		559,259
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(261,375)		(4,786,533)
Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities	60,215		13,804
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities	(329,660)		(694,734)
Purchases of bank owned life insurance death benefits	—		(160,000)
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance death benefits	1,873		3,814
Disposition of assets and liabilities held for sale	—		(134,166)
Purchase of Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.	276,396		—
Net cash used in investing activities	(592,200)		(2,790,267)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net change in deposits	63,128		1,075,422
Repayments of TruPS	(56,189)		—
Dividends paid on preferred stock	—		(39)
Dividends paid on common stock	(69,963)		(58,319)
Net change in other borrowed funds	(411,250)		(3,482)
Net change in federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(16,890)		(81,835)
Net shares issued (cancelled) under stock compensation plans	(4,105)		1,222
Shares issued under employee stock purchase plan	1,151		1,170
Repurchases of common stock	(111,133)		(54,513)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(605,251)		879,626
DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(971,243)		(1,690,739)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD	1,650,653		3,472,152
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD	$	679,410	$	1,781,413

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

Simmons First National Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands, except share data)	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Surplus		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Undivided Profits		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Balance, June 30, 2022 (Unaudited)	$	—	$	1,288	$	2,569,060	$	(450,428)	$	1,139,975	$	3,259,895
Comprehensive (loss) income	—		—		—		(117,302)		80,603		(36,699)
Stock-based compensation plans, net – 39,416 shares	—		—		3,111		—		—		3,111
Stock repurchases – 1,883,713 shares	—		(19)		(45,018)		—		—		(45,037)
Dividends on common stock – $0.19 per share	—		—		—		—		(24,119)		(24,119)
Balance, September 30, 2022 (Unaudited)	$	—	$	1,269	$	2,527,153	$	(567,730)	$	1,196,459	$	3,157,151
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Balance, June 30, 2021 (Unaudited)	$	767	$	1,084	$	2,021,128	$	12,073	$	1,004,314	$	3,039,366
Comprehensive (loss) income	—		—		—		(23,502)		80,574		57,072
Stock-based compensation plans, net – 22,767 shares	—		—		4,848		—		—		4,848
Stock repurchases – 1,806,205 shares	—		(18)		(51,415)		—		—		(51,433)
Dividends on preferred stock	—		—		—		—		(13)		(13)
Dividends on common stock – $0.18 per share	—		—		—		—		(19,309)		(19,309)
Balance, September 30, 2021 (Unaudited)	$	767	$	1,066	$	1,974,561	$	(11,429)	$	1,065,566	$	3,030,531

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

Simmons First National Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands, except share data)	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Surplus		Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income		Undivided Profits		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	—	$	1,127	$	2,164,989	$	(10,545)	$	1,093,270	$	3,248,841
Comprehensive (loss) income	—		—		—		(557,185)		173,152		(384,033)
Stock issued for employee stock purchase plan – 59,475 shares	—		1		1,150		—		—		1,151
Stock-based compensation plans, net – 326,236 shares	—		2		7,368		—		—		7,370
Stock issued for Spirit acquisition - 18,275,074 shares	—		183		464,735		—		—		464,918
Stock repurchases – 4,432,762 shares	—		(44)		(111,089)		—		—		(111,133)
Dividends on common stock – $0.57 per share	—		—		—		—		(69,963)		(69,963)
Balance, September 30, 2022 (Unaudited)	$	—	$	1,269	$	2,527,153	$	(567,730)	$	1,196,459	$	3,157,151
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	767	$	1,081	$	2,014,076	$	59,726	$	901,006	$	2,976,656
Comprehensive (loss) income	—		—		—		(71,155)		222,918		151,763
Stock issued for employee stock purchase plan – 60,697 shares	—		1		1,169		—		—		1,170
Stock-based compensation plans, net – 401,993 shares	—		3		13,810		—		—		13,813
Stock repurchases – 1,937,121 shares	—		(19)		(54,494)		—		—		(54,513)
Dividends on preferred stock	—		—		—		—		(39)		(39)
Dividends on common stock – $0.54 per share	—		—		—		—		(58,319)		(58,319)
Balance, September 30, 2021 (Unaudited)	$	767	$	1,066	$	1,974,561	$	(11,429)	$	1,065,566	$	3,030,531

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

8

SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1: PREPARATION OF INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Description of Business and Organizational Structure

Simmons First National Corporation (“Company”) is a Mid-South financial holding company headquartered in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and the parent company of Simmons Bank, an Arkansas state-chartered bank that has been in operation since 1903 (“Simmons Bank” or the “Bank”). Simmons First Insurance Services, Inc. and Simmons First Insurance Services of TN, LLC are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Simmons Bank and are insurance agencies that offer various lines of personal and corporate insurance coverage to individual and commercial customers. The Company, through its subsidiaries, offers, among other things, consumer, real estate and commercial loans; checking, savings and time deposits; and specialized products and services (such as credit cards, trust and fiduciary services, investments, agricultural finance lending, equipment lending, insurance and Small Business Administration (“SBA”) lending) from approximately 230 financial centers as of September 30, 2022, located throughout market areas in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared based upon Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules that permit reduced disclosures for interim periods. Certain information and footnote disclosures have been condensed or omitted in accordance with those rules and regulations. The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021, was derived from audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of interim results of operations, including normal recurring accruals. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. For a more complete discussion of significant accounting policies and certain other information, this report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, which was filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022.

The preparation of financial statements, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income items and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are based upon management’s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and actual results may differ from these estimates. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the Company’s allowance for credit losses.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans and the valuation of acquired loans. Management obtains independent appraisals for significant properties in connection with the determination of the allowance for credit losses and the valuation of foreclosed assets.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Reference Rate Reform – In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”), which provides relief for companies preparing for discontinuation of interest rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). LIBOR is a benchmark interest rate referenced in a variety of agreements that are used by numerous entities. On March 5, 2021, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced that the majority of LIBOR rates will no longer be published after December 31, 2021, although a number of key settings will continue until June 2023, to support the rundown of legacy contracts only. As a result, LIBOR should be discontinued as a reference rate.

Other interest rates used globally could also be discontinued for similar reasons. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. The main provisions for

9

contract modifications include optional relief by allowing the modification as a continuation of the existing contract without additional analysis and other optional expedients regarding embedded features. Optional expedients for hedge accounting permits changes to critical terms of hedging relationships and to the designated benchmark interest rate in a fair value hedge and also provides relief for assessing hedge effectiveness for cash flow hedges. Companies are able to apply ASU 2020-04 immediately; however, the guidance will only be available for a limited time (generally through December 31, 2022). The Company formed a LIBOR Transition Team in 2020, has created standard LIBOR replacement language for new and modified loan notes, and is monitoring the remaining loans with LIBOR rates monthly to ensure progress in updating these loans with acceptable LIBOR replacement language or converting them to other interest rates. During 2021, the Company did not offer LIBOR-indexed rates on loans which it originated, although it did participate in some shared credit agreements originated by other banks subject to the Company’s determination that the LIBOR replacement language in the loan documents met the Company’s standards. Pursuant to the Joint Regulatory Statement on LIBOR transition issued in October 2021, the Company, as of January 1, 2022, is not entering into any new LIBOR-based credit agreements and is not extending, renewing, or modifying any prior LIBOR credit agreements without requiring conversion of the agreements to other interest rates. The adoption of ASU 2020-04 has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (“ASU 2021-01”), which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the changes in the interest rates used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment for derivative instruments that are being implemented as part of the market-wide transition to new reference rates (commonly referred to as the “discounting transition”). ASU 2021-01 also amends the expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. ASU 2021-01 was effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. ASU 2021-01 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Leases - In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-05, Leases (Topic 842): Lessors-Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments (“ASU 2021-05”), that amends lease classification requirements for lessors. In accordance with ASU 2021-05, lessors should classify and account for a lease that have variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index rate as an operating lease if both of the following criteria are met: i) the lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease under the previous lease classification criteria and ii) sales-type or direct financing lease classification would result in a Day 1 loss. ASU 2021-05 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU No. 2021-05 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Fair Value Hedging - In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging - Portfolio Layer Method (“ASU 2022-01”), which clarifies the guidance on fair value hedge accounting of interest rate risk for portfolios of financial assets. This ASU amends the guidance in ASU 2017-12 that, among other things, established the “last-of-layer” method for making the fair value hedge accounting for these portfolios more accessible. ASU 2022-01 renames that method the “portfolio layer” method and expands the scope of this guidance to allow entities to apply the portfolio layer method to portfolios of all financial assets, including both prepayable and nonprepayable financial assets. This scope expansion is consistent with the FASB’s efforts to simplify hedge accounting and allows entities to apply the same method to similar hedging strategies. ASU 2022-01 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and disclosures.

Credit Losses on Financial Instruments - In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminates the accounting guidance on troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) for creditors in ASC 310-40 and amends the guidance on “vintage disclosures” to require disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. The ASU also updates the requirements related to accounting for credit losses under ASC 326 and adds enhanced disclosures for creditors with respect to loan refinancings and restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. ASU 2022-02 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and disclosures.

There have been no other significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies disclosed in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Presently, the

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Company is not aware of any other changes to the Accounting Standards Codification that will have a material impact on its present or future financial position or results of operations.

NOTE 2: ACQUISITIONS

Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.

On April 8, 2022, the Company completed its merger with Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. (“Spirit”) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of November 18, 2021 (“Spirit Agreement”), at which time Spirit merged with and into the Company, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation. The Company issued 18,275,074 shares of its common stock valued at approximately $464.9 million as of April 8, 2022, plus $1,393,508.90 in cash, in exchange for all outstanding shares of Spirit capital stock (and common stock equivalents) to effect the merger.

Prior to the acquisition, Spirit, headquartered in Conroe, Texas, conducted banking business through its subsidiary bank, Spirit of Texas Bank SSB, from 35 branches located primarily in the Texas Triangle - consisting of Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, San Antonio and Austin metropolitan areas - with additional locations in the Bryan-College Station, Corpus Christi and Tyler metropolitan areas, along with offices in North Central and South Texas. Including the effects of the acquisition method accounting adjustments, the Company acquired approximately $3.12 billion in assets, including approximately $2.29 billion in loans (inclusive of loan discounts), and approximately $2.72 billion in deposits.

Goodwill of $162.3 million was recorded as a result of the transaction. The merger strengthened the Company’s position in the Texas market and brought forth additional opportunities in the Company’s current footprint, which gave rise to the goodwill recorded. The goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes.

A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Spirit acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows:

(In thousands)	Acquired from Spirit		Fair Value Adjustments		Fair Value
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	$	277,790	$	—	$	277,790
Investment securities	362,088		(13,401)		348,687
Loans acquired	2,314,085		(19,925)		2,294,160
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(17,005)		11,905		(5,100)
Premises and equipment	84,135		(19,029)		65,106
Bank owned life insurance	36,890		—		36,890
Goodwill	77,681		(77,681)		—
Core deposit and other intangible assets	6,245		32,386		38,631
Other assets	58,403		3,582		61,985
Total assets acquired	$	3,200,312	$	(82,163)	$	3,118,149

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(In thousands)	Acquired from Spirit		Fair Value Adjustments		Fair Value
Liabilities Assumed
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	$	825,228	$	(165)	$	825,063
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	1,383,663		—		1,383,663
Time deposits	509,209		1,081		510,290
Total deposits	2,718,100		916		2,719,016
Other borrowings	37,547		503		38,050
Subordinated debentures	36,491		879		37,370
Accrued interest and other liabilities	23,667		(3,918)		19,749
Total liabilities assumed	2,815,805		(1,620)		2,814,185
Equity	384,507		(384,507)		—
Total equity assumed	384,507		(384,507)		—
Total liabilities and equity assumed	$	3,200,312	$	(386,127)	$	2,814,185
Net assets acquired					303,964
Purchase price					466,311
Goodwill					$	162,347

The purchase price allocation and certain fair value measurements remain preliminary due to the timing of the merger. Management will continue to review the estimated fair values and evaluate the assumed tax positions. The Company expects to finalize its analysis of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities in this transaction within one year of the completion of the merger. Therefore, adjustments to the estimated amounts and carrying values may occur.

The Company’s operating results include the operating results of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities of Spirit subsequent to the acquisition date.

Landmark Community Bank

On October 8, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Landmark Community Bank (“Landmark”) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of June 4, 2021 (“Landmark Agreement”), at which time Landmark merged with and into Simmons Bank, with Simmons Bank continuing as the surviving entity. The Company issued 4,499,872 shares of its common stock valued at approximately $138.2 million as of October 8, 2021, plus $6,451,727.43 in cash, in exchange for all outstanding shares of Landmark capital stock (and common stock equivalents) to effect the merger.

Prior to the acquisition, Landmark, headquartered in Collierville, Tennessee, conducted banking business from 8 branches located in the Memphis and Nashville, Tennessee, metropolitan areas. Including the effects of the acquisition method accounting adjustments, the Company acquired approximately $968.8 million in assets, including approximately $789.5 million in loans (inclusive of loan discounts), and approximately $802.7 million in deposits.

Goodwill of $31.4 million was recorded as a result of the transaction. The merger strengthened the Company’s market share and brought forth additional opportunities in the Company’s current footprint, which gave rise to the goodwill recorded. The goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes.

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A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Landmark acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows:

(In thousands)	Acquired from Landmark		Fair Value Adjustments		Fair Value
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	$	27,591	$	—	$	27,591
Due from banks - time	100		—		100
Investment securities	114,793		(125)		114,668
Loans acquired	785,551		3,953		789,504
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(5,980)		3,621		(2,359)
Premises and equipment	9,540		(4,099)		5,441
Bank owned life insurance	21,287		—		21,287
Core deposit intangible	88		4,071		4,159
Other assets	13,036		(4,605)		8,431
Total assets acquired	$	966,006	$	2,816	$	968,822
Liabilities Assumed
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	$	110,393	$	—	$	110,393
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	425,777		—		425,777
Time deposits	266,835		(334)		266,501
Total deposits	803,005		(334)		802,671
Other borrowings	47,023		—		47,023
Accrued interest and other liabilities	8,459		(3,122)		5,337
Total liabilities assumed	858,487		(3,456)		855,031
Equity	107,519		(107,519)		—
Total equity assumed	107,519		(107,519)		—
Total liabilities and equity assumed	$	966,006	$	(110,975)	$	855,031
Net assets acquired					113,791
Purchase price					145,195
Goodwill					$	31,404

During 2022, the Company finalized its analysis of the loans acquired along with other acquired assets and assumed liabilities related to Landmark.

The Company’s operating results include the operating results of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities of Landmark subsequent to the acquisition date.

Triumph Bancshares, Inc.

On October 8, 2021, the Company completed its merger with Triumph Bancshares, Inc. (“Triumph”) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of June 4, 2021 (“Triumph Agreement”), at which time Triumph merged with and into the Company, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation. The Company issued 4,164,712 shares of its common stock valued at approximately $127.9 million as of October 8, 2021, plus $1,693,402.93 in cash, in exchange for all outstanding shares of Triumph capital stock (and common stock equivalents) to effect the merger.

Prior to the acquisition, Triumph, headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee, conducted banking business through its subsidiary bank, Triumph Bank, from 6 branches located in the Memphis and Nashville, Tennessee, metropolitan areas. Including the effects of the acquisition method accounting adjustments, the Company acquired approximately $847.2 million in assets, including approximately $698.8 million in loans (inclusive of loan discounts), and approximately $719.7 million in deposits.

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Goodwill of $39.9 million was recorded as a result of the transaction. The merger strengthened the Company’s market share and brought forth additional opportunities in the Company’s current footprint, which gave rise to the goodwill recorded. The goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes.

A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Triumph acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows:

(In thousands)	Acquired from Triumph		Fair Value Adjustments		Fair Value
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	$	7,484	$	—	$	7,484
Due from banks - time	495		—		495
Investment securities	130,571		(1,116)		129,455
Loans acquired	702,460		(3,674)		698,786
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(12,617)		1,525		(11,092)
Premises and equipment	2,774		484		3,258
Goodwill	1,550		(1,550)		—
Core deposit intangible	—		5,136		5,136
Other assets	12,806		897		13,703
Total assets acquired	$	845,523	$	1,702	$	847,225
Liabilities Assumed
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	$	115,729	$	—	$	115,729
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	383,434		—		383,434
Time deposits	219,477		1,094		220,571
Total deposits	718,640		1,094		719,734
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase	2,854		—		2,854
Other borrowings	30,700		—		30,700
Accrued interest and other liabilities	2,882		455		3,337
Total liabilities assumed	755,076		1,549		756,625
Equity	90,446		(90,446)		—
Total equity assumed	90,446		(90,446)		—
Total liabilities and equity assumed	$	845,522	$	(88,897)	$	756,625
Net assets acquired					90,600
Purchase price					130,544
Goodwill					$	39,944

During 2022, the Company finalized its analysis of the loans acquired along with other acquired assets and assumed liabilities related to Triumph.

The Company’s operating results include the operating results of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities of Triumph subsequent to the acquisition date.

The following is a description of the methods used to determine the fair values of significant assets and liabilities presented in the acquisitions above.

Cash and due from banks and time deposits due from banks – The carrying amount of these assets is a reasonable estimate of fair value based on the short-term nature of these assets.

Investment securities – Investment securities were acquired with an adjustment to fair value based upon quoted market prices if material. Otherwise, the carrying amount of these assets was deemed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

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Loans acquired – Fair values for loans were based on a discounted cash flow methodology that considered factors including the type of loan and related collateral, classification status, fixed or variable interest rate, term of loan and whether or not the loan was amortizing, and current discount rates. The discount rates used for loans are based on current market rates for new originations of comparable loans and include adjustments for liquidity concerns. The discount rate does not include a factor for credit losses as that has been included in the estimated cash flows. Loans were grouped together according to similar characteristics and were treated in the aggregate when applying various valuation techniques. See Note 5, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses, in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to purchased financial assets with credit deterioration.

Premises and equipment – Bank premises and equipment were acquired with an adjustment to fair value, which represents the difference between the Company’s current analysis of property and equipment values completed in connection with the acquisition and book value acquired.

Bank owned life insurance – Bank owned life insurance is carried at its current cash surrender value, which is the most reasonable estimate of fair value. 

Goodwill – The consideration paid as a result of the acquisition exceeded the fair value of the assets acquired, resulting in an intangible asset, goodwill. Goodwill established prior to the acquisitions, if applicable, was written off.

Core deposit intangible – This intangible asset represents the value of the relationships that the acquired banks had with their deposit customers. The fair value of this intangible asset was estimated based on a discounted cash flow methodology that gave appropriate consideration to expected customer attrition rates, cost of the deposit base and the net maintenance cost attributable to customer deposits. Any core deposit intangible established prior to the acquisitions, if applicable, was written off.

Other assets – The fair value adjustment results from certain assets whose value was estimated to be more or less than book value, such as certain prepaid assets, receivables and other miscellaneous assets. Otherwise, the carrying amount of these assets was deemed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Deposits – The fair values used for the demand and savings deposits that comprise the transaction accounts acquired, by definition equal the amount payable on demand at the acquisition date. The Company performed a fair value analysis of the estimated weighted average interest rate of the certificates of deposits compared to the current market rates and recorded a fair value adjustment for the difference when material.

Securities sold under agreement to repurchase – The carrying amount of securities sold under agreement to repurchase is a reasonable estimate of fair value based on the short-term nature of these liabilities.

Other borrowings – The fair value of other borrowings is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities.

Subordinated debentures – The fair value of subordinated debentures is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities.

Accrued interest and other liabilities – The fair value adjustment results from certain liabilities whose value was estimated to be more or less than book value, such as certain accounts payable and other miscellaneous liabilities. The adjustment also establishes a liability for unfunded commitments equal to the fair value of that liability at the date of acquisition. The carrying amount of accrued interest and the remainder of other liabilities was deemed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

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NOTE 3: INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Held-to-maturity securities (“HTM”), which include any security for which the Company has both the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity, are carried at historical cost adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the security’s estimated life. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and SBA securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date.

Available-for-sale securities (“AFS”), which include any security for which the Company has no immediate plan to sell but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Realized gains and losses, based on specifically identified amortized cost of the individual security, are included in other income. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded, net of related income tax effects, in stockholders’ equity, further discussed below. Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the estimated life of the security. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and SBA securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date.

During the quarters ended June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, the Company transferred, at fair value, $1.99 billion and $500.8 million, respectively, of securities from the available-for-sale portfolio to the held-to-maturity portfolio. The related remaining net unrealized losses of $148.3 million and net unrealized gains of $738,000, respectively, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) will be amortized over the remaining life of the securities. No gains or losses on these securities were recognized at the time of transfer.

The amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities that are classified as HTM are as follows: 

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value
Held-to-maturity
September 30, 2022
U.S. Government agencies	$	447,400	$	—	$	447,400	$	—	$	(97,871)	$	349,529
Mortgage-backed securities	1,214,882		—		1,214,882		1,069		(131,437)		1,084,514
State and political subdivisions	1,865,310		(107)		1,865,203		60		(540,980)		1,324,283
Other securities	260,868		(1,277)		259,591		—		(33,877)		225,714
Total HTM	$	3,788,460	$	(1,384)	$	3,787,076	$	1,129	$	(804,165)	$	2,984,040
December 31, 2021
U.S. Government agencies	$	232,609	$	—	$	232,609	$	—	$	(7,914)	$	224,695
Mortgage-backed securities	70,342		—		70,342		232		(1,425)		69,149
State and political subdivisions	1,210,248		(1,197)		1,209,051		6,166		(8,462)		1,206,755
Other securities	17,301		(82)		17,219		—		(440)		16,779
Total HTM	$	1,530,500	$	(1,279)	$	1,529,221	$	6,398	$	(18,241)	$	1,517,378

Mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) are commercial MBS, secured by commercial properties, and residential MBS, generally secured by single-family residential properties. All mortgage-backed securities included in the table above were issued by U.S. government agencies or corporations. As of September 30, 2022, HTM MBS consists of $150.0 million and $1.06 billion of commercial MBS and residential MBS, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, HTM MBS consists of $4.9 million and $65.5 million of commercial MBS and residential MBS, respectively.

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The amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities that are classified as AFS are as follows:

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale
September 30, 2022
U.S. Treasury	$	2,250	$	—	$	—	$	(59)	$	2,191
U.S. Government agencies	195,369		—		145		(7,454)		188,060
Mortgage-backed securities	2,959,882		—		5		(289,539)		2,670,348
State and political subdivisions	1,054,356		—		244		(232,091)		822,509
Other securities	272,274		—		1		(17,840)		254,435
Total AFS	$	4,484,131	$	—	$	395	$	(546,983)	$	3,937,543
December 31, 2021
U.S. Treasury	$	300	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	300
U.S. Government agencies	374,754		—		495		(10,608)		364,641
Mortgage-backed securities	4,485,548		—		6,307		(43,239)		4,448,616
State and political subdivisions	1,791,097		—		30,556		(1,995)		1,819,658
Other securities	479,162		—		6,647		(5,479)		480,330
Total AFS	$	7,130,861	$	—	$	44,005	$	(61,321)	$	7,113,545

As of September 30, 2022, AFS MBS consists of $1.17 billion and $1.50 billion of commercial MBS and residential MBS, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, AFS MBS consists of $1.53 billion and $2.92 billion of commercial MBS and residential MBS, respectively.

Accrued interest receivable on HTM and AFS securities at September 30, 2022 was $17.7 million and $16.2 million, respectively, and is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has made the election to exclude all accrued interest receivable from securities from the estimate of credit losses.

The following table summarizes the Company’s AFS investments in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded as of September 30, 2022, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(In thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale
U.S. Treasury	$	2,191	$	(59)	$	—	$	—	$	2,191	$	(59)
U.S. Government agencies	116,968		(5,120)		53,942		(2,334)		170,910		(7,454)
Mortgage-backed securities	1,115,220		(73,690)		1,545,776		(215,849)		2,660,996		(289,539)
State and political subdivisions	536,510		(79,426)		259,147		(152,665)		795,657		(232,091)
Other securities	212,701		(14,259)		36,243		(3,581)		248,944		(17,840)
Total AFS	$	1,983,590	$	(172,554)	$	1,895,108	$	(374,429)	$	3,878,698	$	(546,983)

As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s investment portfolio included $3.94 billion of AFS securities, of which $3.88 billion, or 98.5%, were in an unrealized loss position that were not deemed to have credit losses. A portion of the unrealized losses were related to the Company’s MBS, which are issued and guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies, and the Company’s state and political subdivision securities, specifically investments in insured fixed rate municipal bonds for which the issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities.

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Furthermore, the decline in fair value for each of the above AFS securities is attributable to the rates for those investments yielding less than current market rates. Management does not believe any of the securities are impaired due to reasons of credit quality. Management believes the declines in fair value for the securities are temporary. Management does not have the intent to sell the securities, and management believes it is more likely than not the Company will not have to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis.

Allowance for Credit Losses

All MBS held by the Company are issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities.

Regarding securities issued by state and political subdivisions and other HTM securities, management considers (i) issuer bond ratings, (ii) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (iii) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities, (iv) internal forecasts, and (v) whether or not such securities provide insurance or other credit enhancement or are pre-refunded by the issuers.

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by investment security type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 on the Company’s HTM securities portfolio.

(In thousands)	State and Political Subdivisions		Other Securities		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Held-to-maturity
Beginning balance, July 1, 2022	$	103	$	1,278	$	1,381
Provision for credit loss expense	—		—		—
Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities	3		(3)		—
Recoveries	1		2		3
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	107	$	1,277	$	1,384
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Held-to-maturity
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022	$	1,197	$	82	$	1,279
Provision for credit loss expense	—		—		—
Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities	(1,180)		1,180		—
Recoveries	90		15		105
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	107	$	1,277	$	1,384

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Activity in the allowance for credit losses by investment security type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 on the Company’s HTM and AFS securities portfolio was as follows:

(In thousands)	State and Political Subdivisions		Other Securities		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Held-to-maturity
Beginning balance, July 1, 2021	$	871	$	261	$	1,132
Provision for credit loss expense	325		(325)		—
Recoveries	—		147		147
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	1,196	$	83	$	1,279
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Held-to-maturity
Beginning balance, January 1, 2021	$	2,307	$	608	$	2,915
Provision for credit loss expense	(1,111)		(72)		(1,183)
Securities charged-off	—		(600)		(600)
Recoveries	—		147		147
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	1,196	$	83	$	1,279
Available-for-sale
Beginning balance, January 1, 2021	$	217	$	95	$	312
Reduction due to sales	—		(11)		(11)
Net decrease in allowance on previously impaired securities	(217)		(84)		(301)
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	—	$	—	$	—

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the underlying risk characteristics of its AFS portfolio, including credit ratings and other qualitative factors, as previously discussed, there was no provision for credit losses related to AFS securities recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. There was no provision for credit losses related to AFS securities recorded in the three month period ended September 30, 2021 and it was reduced by $312,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

The following table summarizes bond ratings for the Company’s HTM portfolio, based upon amortized cost, issued by state and political subdivisions and other securities as of September 30, 2022:

	State and Political Subdivisions
(In thousands)	Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded		Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance		Pre-Refunded		Total		Other Securities
Aaa/AAA	$	187,185	$	280,768	$	—	$	467,953	$	—
Aa/AA	671,239		502,057		—		1,173,296		—
A	45,493		157,441		—		202,934		172,861
Baa/BBB	—		5,937		—		5,937		53,500
Not Rated	8,321		6,869		—		15,190		34,507
Total	$	912,238	$	953,072	$	—	$	1,865,310	$	260,868

Historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in the Company’s portfolio have generally not been significant. Pre-refunded securities, if any, have been defeased by the issuer and are fully secured by cash and/or U.S. Treasury securities held in escrow for payment to holders when the underlying call dates of the securities are reached. Securities with other credit enhancement or insurance continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities as there is no current expectation of credit losses related to these securities.

Income earned on securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, is as follows:

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	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Taxable:
Held-to-maturity	$	10,679	$	1,127	$	23,169	$	2,477
Available-for-sale	14,169		15,949		41,622		39,313
Non-taxable:
Held-to-maturity	10,181		4,853		26,371		9,887
Available-for-sale	5,925		8,788		21,352		27,741
Total	$	40,954	$	30,717	$	112,514	$	79,418

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by maturity of securities as of September 30, 2022 are shown in the following table. Securities are classified according to their contractual maturities without consideration of principal amortization, potential prepayments or call options. Accordingly, actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities. 

	Held-to-Maturity				Available-for-Sale
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
One year or less	$	4,519	$	4,519	$	3,165	$	3,142
After one through five years	7,671		7,449		184,193		177,833
After five through ten years	327,461		284,166		268,732		248,862
After ten years	2,233,927		1,603,392		1,067,671		836,869
Securities not due on a single maturity date	1,214,882		1,084,514		2,959,882		2,670,348
Other securities (no maturity)	—		—		488		489
Total	$	3,788,460	$	2,984,040	$	4,484,131	$	3,937,543

The carrying value, which approximates the fair value, of securities pledged as collateral, to secure public deposits and for other purposes, amounted to $3.93 billion at September 30, 2022 and $3.88 billion at December 31, 2021. 

There were approximately $8,000 of gross realized gains and $30,000 of gross realized losses from the sale and calls of securities during the three months ended September 30, 2022, and approximately $45,000 of gross realized gains and $271,000 of gross realized losses from the sale and call of securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. There were approximately $5.3 million of gross realized gains and $24,500 of gross realized losses from the sale of securities during the three months ended September 30, 2021, and approximately $15.9 million of gross realized gains and $63,600 of gross realized losses from the sale of securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The income tax expense/benefit related to security gains/losses was 26.135% of the gross amounts in 2022 and 2021.

The Company has entered into various fair value hedging transactions to mitigate the impact of changing interest rates on the fair value of AFS securities. See Note 23: Derivative Instruments for disclosure of the gains and losses recognized on derivative instruments and the cumulative fair value hedging adjustments to the carrying amount of the hedged securities.

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NOTE 4: OTHER ASSETS AND OTHER LIABILITIES HELD FOR SALE

Spirit Acquisition

In connection with the Spirit acquisition, the Company acquired a portfolio of loans which were identified as held for sale by the acquired bank prior to the completion of the acquisition. These loans were valued at $35.2 million, net of fair value discounts, at the date of acquisition. As of September 30, 2022, the remaining balance of loans held for sale, net of fair value discounts, was $2.3 million. The decrease in the remaining balance as compared to June 30, 2022, is due to continued paydowns and the sale of a portion of loans within the acquired portfolio.

As of September 30, 2022, there were no outstanding other liabilities held for sale.

Illinois Branch Sale

On November 30, 2020, the Company’s subsidiary bank, Simmons Bank, entered into a Branch Purchase and Assumption Agreement (the “Citizens Equity Agreement”) with Citizens Equity First Credit Union (“CEFCU”).

On March 12, 2021, CEFCU completed its purchase of certain assets and assumption of certain liabilities (“Illinois Branch Sale”) associated with four Simmons Bank locations in the Metro East area of Southern Illinois, near St. Louis (collectively, the “Illinois Branches”). Pursuant to the terms of the Citizens Equity Agreement, CEFCU assumed certain deposit liabilities and acquired certain loans, as well as cash, personal property and other fixed assets associated with the Illinois Branches. The loan and deposit balances of the Illinois Branches were $354,000 and $137.9 million, respectively.

The Company recognized a gain on sale of $5.3 million related to the Illinois Branches in the nine month period ended September 30, 2021.

NOTE 5: LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

At September 30, 2022, the Company’s loan portfolio was $15.61 billion, compared to $12.01 billion at December 31, 2021. The various categories of loans are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	192,559	$	187,052
Other consumer	180,604		168,318
Total consumer	373,163		355,370
Real Estate:
Construction and development	2,372,294		1,326,371
Single family residential	2,467,008		2,101,975
Other commercial	7,249,891		5,738,904
Total real estate	12,089,193		9,167,250
Commercial:
Commercial	2,525,218		1,992,043
Agricultural	263,539		168,717
Total commercial	2,788,757		2,160,760
Other	356,022		329,123
Total loans	$	15,607,135	$	12,012,503

The above table presents total loans at amortized cost. The difference between amortized cost and unpaid principal balance is primarily premiums and discounts associated with acquisition date fair value adjustments on acquired loans as well as net deferred origination fees totaling $29.1 million and $21.5 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans held for investment, totaled $52.7 million and $39.8 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

Loan Origination/Risk Management – The Company seeks to manage its credit risk by diversifying its loan portfolio, determining that borrowers have adequate sources of cash flow for loan repayment without liquidation of collateral; obtaining and monitoring collateral; and providing an adequate allowance for credit losses by regularly reviewing loans through the internal loan review process. The loan portfolio is diversified by borrower, purpose and industry. The Company seeks to use diversification within the loan portfolio to reduce its credit risk, thereby minimizing the adverse impact on the portfolio if weaknesses develop in either the economy or a particular segment of borrowers. Collateral requirements are based on credit assessments of borrowers and may be used to recover the debt in case of default.

Consumer – The consumer loan portfolio consists of credit card loans and other consumer loans. Credit card loans are diversified by geographic region to reduce credit risk and minimize any adverse impact on the portfolio. Although they are regularly reviewed to facilitate the identification and monitoring of creditworthiness, credit card loans are unsecured loans, making them more susceptible to economic downturns that result in increased unemployment. Other consumer loans include direct and indirect installment loans and account overdrafts. Loans in this portfolio segment are sensitive to unemployment and other key consumer economic measures.

Real estate – The real estate loan portfolio consists of construction and development loans (“C&D”), single family residential loans and commercial loans. C&D and commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans can be particularly sensitive to valuation of real estate. CRE cycles are inevitable. The long planning and production process for new properties and rapid shifts in business conditions and employment create an inherent tension between supply and demand for commercial properties. While general economic trends often move individual markets in the same direction over time, the timing and magnitude of changes are determined by other forces unique to each market. CRE cycles tend to be local in nature and longer than other credit cycles. Factors influencing the CRE market are traditionally different from those affecting residential real estate markets; thereby making predictions for one market based on the other difficult. Additionally, submarkets within CRE – such as office, industrial, apartment, retail and hotel – also experience different cycles, providing an opportunity to lower the overall risk through diversification across types of CRE loans. Management realizes that local demand and supply conditions will also mean that different geographic areas will experience cycles of different amplitude and duration. The Company monitors these loans closely. 

Commercial – The commercial loan portfolio includes commercial and agricultural loans, representing loans to commercial customers and farmers for use in normal business or farming operations to finance working capital needs, equipment purchases or other expansion projects. Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans are also included in the commercial loan portfolio. Collection risk in this portfolio is driven by the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, particularly cash flow from customers’ business or farming operations. The Company continues its efforts to keep loan terms short, reducing the negative impact of upward movement in interest rates. Term loans are generally set up with one or three year balloons, and the Company has instituted a pricing mechanism for commercial loans. It is standard practice to require personal guaranties on commercial loans for closely-held or limited liability entities.

Paycheck Protection Program Loans – The Company originated loans pursuant to multiple PPP appropriations of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act which provided 100% federally guaranteed loans for small businesses to cover up to 24 weeks of payroll costs and assistance with mortgage interest, rent and utilities. Notably, these small business loans may be forgiven by the SBA if borrowers maintain their payrolls and satisfy certain other conditions. PPP loans have a zero percent risk-weight for regulatory capital ratios. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the total outstanding balance of PPP loans was $12.1 million and $116.7 million, respectively.

Other – The other loan portfolio includes mortgage warehouse loans, representing warehouse lines of credit to mortgage originators for the disbursement of newly originated 1-4 family residential loans. Also included in the other loan portfolio are loans to public sector customers, including state and local governments.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans – Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

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The amortized cost basis of nonaccrual loans segregated by category of loans are as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	305	$	377
Other consumer	306		381
Total consumer	611		758
Real estate:
Construction and development	3,285		2,296
Single family residential	22,761		19,268
Other commercial	15,382		26,953
Total real estate	41,428		48,517
Commercial:
Commercial	15,411		18,774
Agricultural	74		152
Total commercial	15,485		18,926
Other	10		3
Total	$	57,534	$	68,204

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, nonaccrual loans for which there was no related allowance for credit losses had an amortized cost of $13.7 million and $14.5 million, respectively. These loans are individually assessed and do not hold an allowance due to being adequately collateralized under the collateral-dependent valuation method.

An age analysis of the amortized cost basis of past due loans, including nonaccrual loans, segregated by class of loans is as follows: 

(In thousands)	Gross 30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		90 Days Past Due & Accruing
September 30, 2022
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	1,348	$	267	$	1,615	$	190,944	$	192,559	$	201
Other consumer	814		119		933		179,671		180,604		—
Total consumer	2,162		386		2,548		370,615		373,163		201
Real estate:
Construction and development	1,613		1,631		3,244		2,369,050		2,372,294		—
Single family residential	11,175		11,250		22,425		2,444,583		2,467,008		—
Other commercial	5,461		8,182		13,643		7,236,248		7,249,891		—
Total real estate	18,249		21,063		39,312		12,049,881		12,089,193		—
Commercial:
Commercial	4,474		7,008		11,482		2,513,736		2,525,218		41
Agricultural	55		26		81		263,458		263,539		—
Total commercial	4,529		7,034		11,563		2,777,194		2,788,757		41
Other	—		3		3		356,019		356,022		—
Total	$	24,940	$	28,486	$	53,426	$	15,553,709	$	15,607,135	$	242

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(In thousands)	Gross 30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		90 Days Past Due & Accruing
December 31, 2021
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	847	$	413	$	1,260	$	185,792	$	187,052	$	247
Other consumer	1,149		130		1,279		167,039		168,318		—
Total consumer	1,996		543		2,539		352,831		355,370		247
Real estate:
Construction and development	114		504		618		1,325,753		1,326,371		—
Single family residential	11,313		9,398		20,711		2,081,264		2,101,975		102
Other commercial	2,474		12,268		14,742		5,724,162		5,738,904		—
Total real estate	13,901		22,170		36,071		9,131,179		9,167,250		102
Commercial:
Commercial	4,812		10,074		14,886		1,977,157		1,992,043		—
Agricultural	13		117		130		168,587		168,717		—
Total commercial	4,825		10,191		15,016		2,145,744		2,160,760		—
Other	—		3		3		329,120		329,123		—
Total	$	20,722	$	32,907	$	53,629	$	11,958,874	$	12,012,503	$	349

When the Company restructures a loan to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty and grants a concession that it would not otherwise consider, a “troubled debt restructuring” (“TDR”) results and the Company classifies the loan as a TDR. The Company grants various types of concessions, primarily interest rate reduction and/or payment modifications or extensions, with an occasional forgiveness of principal.

Once an obligation has been restructured because of such credit problems, it continues to be considered a TDR until paid in full; or, if an obligation yields a market interest rate and no longer has any concession regarding payment amount or amortization, then it is not considered a TDR at the beginning of the calendar year after the year in which the improvement takes place. The Company returns TDRs to accrual status only if (1) all contractual amounts due can reasonably be expected to be repaid within a prudent period and (2) repayment has been in accordance with the contract for a sustained period, typically at least six months.

TDRs are individually evaluated for expected credit losses. The Company assesses the exposure for each modification, either by the fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of expected cash flows, and determines if a specific allowance for credit losses is needed.

The following table presents a summary of TDRs segregated by class of loans.

	Accruing TDR Loans			Nonaccrual TDR Loans			Total TDR Loans
(Dollars in thousands)	Number	Balance		Number	Balance		Number	Balance
September 30, 2022
Real estate:
Single-family residential	24	$	1,868	12	$	1,676	36	$	3,544
Other commercial	1	1		—	—		1	1
Total real estate	25	1,869		12	1,676		37	3,545
Commercial:
Commercial	—	—		3	1,351		3	1,351
Total commercial	—	—		3	1,351		3	1,351
Total	25	$	1,869	15	$	3,027	40	$	4,896

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	Accruing TDR Loans			Nonaccrual TDR Loans			Total TDR Loans
(Dollars in thousands)	Number	Balance		Number	Balance		Number	Balance
December 31, 2021
Real estate:
Single-family residential	28	$	3,087	14	$	1,196	42	$	4,283
Other commercial	1	766		2	48		3	814
Total real estate	29	3,853		16	1,244		45	5,097
Commercial:
Commercial	2	436		2	1,406		4	1,842
Total commercial	2	436		2	1,406		4	1,842
Total	31	$	4,289	18	$	2,650	49	$	6,939

The following table presents loans that were restructured as TDRs during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and nine months ended September 30, 2021. There were no loans restructured as TDRs during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

(Dollars in thousands)	Number of loans	Balance Prior to TDR		Balance at September 30,		Change in Maturity Date		Change in Rate		Financial Impact on Date of Restructure
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Real estate:
Other commercial	3	$	747	$	727	$	—	$	727	$	—
Total real estate	3	$	747	$	727	$	—	$	727	$	—
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Real estate:
Other commercial	4	$	760	$	740	$	—	$	740	$	—
Total real estate	4	$	760	$	740	$	—	$	740	$	—
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Real estate:
Other commercial	1	$	784	$	778	$	—	$	778	$	—
Total real estate	1	$	784	$	778	$	—	$	778	$	—

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company modified three loans with a recorded investment of $747,000 prior to modification, which were deemed TDRs. The restructured loans were modified by reducing the interest rate on the loan. No specific reserve was recorded with respect to these TDRs. Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of these loans, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company modified four loans with a recorded investment of $760,000 prior to modification, which were deemed TDRs. The restructured loans were modified by reducing the interest rate on the loan. No specific reserve was recorded with respect to these TDRs. Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of these loans, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company modified one loan with a recorded investment of $784,000 prior to modification, which was deemed a TDR. The restructured loan was modified by deferring amortized principal payments and requiring interest only payments for a period of up to 12 months. A specific reserve of approximately $5,100 was recorded with respect to this TDR. Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of this loan, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.

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Additionally, there were no loans considered TDRs for which a payment default occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 or 2021. The Company defines a payment default as a payment received more than 90 days after its due date.

There were no TDRs with pre-modification loan balances for which Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) was received in full or partial satisfaction of the loans during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 or 2021. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $3,389,000 and $1,806,000, respectively, of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $524,000 and $831,000, respectively, of OREO secured by residential real estate properties.

Credit Quality Indicators – As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (i) the weighted-average risk rating of commercial and real estate loans, (ii) the level of classified commercial and real estate loans, (iii) net charge-offs, (iv) non-performing loans (see details above) and (v) the general economic conditions of the Company’s local markets.

The Company utilizes a risk rating matrix to assign a risk rate to each of its commercial and real estate loans. Risk ratings are updated on an ongoing basis and are subject to change by continuous loan monitoring processes including lending management monitoring, executive management and board committee oversight, and independent credit review. A description of the general characteristics of the risk ratings is as follows:

•Pass (Excellent) – This category includes loans which are virtually free of credit risk. Borrowers in this category represent the highest credit quality and greatest financial strength.

•Pass (Good) - Loans under this category possess a nominal risk of default. This category includes borrowers with strong financial strength and superior financial ratios and trends. These loans are generally fully secured by cash or equivalents (other than those rated “excellent”).

•Pass (Acceptable – Average) - Loans in this category are considered to possess a normal level of risk. Borrowers in this category have satisfactory financial strength and adequate cash flow coverage to service debt requirements. If secured, the perfected collateral should be of acceptable quality and within established borrowing parameters.

•Pass (Monitor) - Loans in the Watch (Monitor) category exhibit an overall acceptable level of risk, but that risk may be increased by certain conditions, which represent “red flags”. These “red flags” require a higher level of supervision or monitoring than the normal “Pass” rated credit. The borrower may be experiencing these conditions for the first time, or it may be recovering from weakness, which at one time justified a higher rating. These conditions may include: weaknesses in financial trends; marginal cash flow; one-time negative operating results; non-compliance with policy or borrowing agreements; poor diversity in operations; lack of adequate monitoring information or lender supervision; questionable management ability/stability.

•Special Mention - A loan in this category has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans are not adversely classified (although they are “criticized”) and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Borrowers may be experiencing adverse operating trends or an ill-proportioned balance sheet. Non-financial characteristics of a Special Mention rating may include management problems, pending litigation, a non-existent or ineffective loan agreement or other material structural weakness, and/or other significant deviation from prudent lending practices.

•Substandard - A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. The loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. This does not imply ultimate loss of the principal, but may involve burdensome administrative expenses and the accompanying cost to carry the loan.

•Doubtful - A loan classified Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan except that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full (on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values) highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity or capital, and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of specific pending events that may strengthen the asset, its classification as loss is deferred. Pending factors include: proposed merger or acquisition; liquidation procedures; capital injection; perfection of liens on additional collateral; and refinancing plans. Loans classified as Doubtful are placed on nonaccrual status.

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•Loss - Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loans has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless loan, even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. Borrowers in the Loss category are often in bankruptcy, have formally suspended debt repayments, or have otherwise ceased normal business operations. Loans should be classified as Loss and charged-off in the period in which they become uncollectible.

The Company monitors credit quality in the consumer portfolio by delinquency status. The delinquency status of loans is updated daily. A description of the delinquency credit quality indicators is as follows:

•Current - Loans in this category are either current in payments or are under 30 days past due. These loans are considered to have a normal level of risk.

•30-89 Days Past Due - Loans in this category are between 30 and 89 days past due and are subject to the Company’s loss mitigation process. These loans are considered to have a moderate level of risk.

•90+ Days Past Due - Loans in this category are 90 days or more past due and are placed on nonaccrual status. These loans have been subject to the Company’s loss mitigation process and foreclosure and/or charge-off proceedings have commenced.

The Company uses a dual risk rating scale that utilizes quantitative models and qualitative factors (“score cards”) to assist in determining the appropriate risk rating for its commercial loans. This dual risk rating methodology incorporates a “probability of default” analysis which utilizes quantified metrics such as loan terms and financial performance, as well as a “loss given default” analysis which utilizes collateral values and economics of the market, among other attributes. Model outputs are reviewed and analyzed to ensure the projected risk levels are commensurate with underwriting and credit leader expectations. The risk rating scale includes Probability of Default levels of 1 – 16 and Loss Given Default levels of A – I. The scale allows for more granular recognition of risk and diversification of grading among traditional Pass grades.

The following is a reconciliation between the expanded risk rating scale and the Company’s traditional risk rating segments utilized within the commercial loan classes presented in the credit quality indicator tables.

•Pass - Includes loans with an expanded risk rating of 1 through 11. Loans with a risk rating of 10 and 11 equate to loans included on management’s “watch list” and is intended to be utilized on a temporary basis for pass grade borrowers where a significant risk-modifying action is anticipated in the near term.

•Special Mention - Includes loans with an expanded risk rating of 12.

•Substandard - Includes loans with an expanded risk rating of 13 and 14.

•Doubtful and loss - Includes loans with an expanded risk rating of 15 and 16.

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The following table presents a summary of loans by credit quality indicator, as of September 30, 2022, segregated by class of loans.

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2022 (YTD)		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and Prior		Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis		LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
Consumer - credit cards
Delinquency:
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	190,944	$	—	$	190,944
30-89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,348		—		1,348
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		267		—		267
Total consumer - credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		192,559		—		192,559
Consumer - other
Delinquency:
Current	101,692		31,531		12,111		5,375		3,465		3,514		21,980		3		179,671
30-89 days past due	279		270		68		46		17		128		6		—		814
90+ days past due	19		26		20		12		2		31		9		—		119
Total consumer - other	101,990		31,827		12,199		5,433		3,484		3,673		21,995		3		180,604
Real estate - C&D
Risk rating:
Pass	184,664		86,225		65,254		20,346		19,807		17,516		1,963,664		340		2,357,816
Special mention	252		—		—		—		—		42		9,074		—		9,368
Substandard	1,005		85		10		14		31		138		3,827		—		5,110
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate - C&D	185,921		86,310		65,264		20,360		19,838		17,696		1,976,565		340		2,372,294
Real estate - SF residential
Delinquency:
Current	544,782		426,319		265,458		162,395		216,192		509,819		314,903		4,715		2,444,583
30-89 days past due	453		1,070		1,222		420		1,786		5,435		789		—		11,175
90+ days past due	160		904		565		936		1,212		5,793		1,680		—		11,250
Total real estate - SF residential	545,395		428,293		267,245		163,751		219,190		521,047		317,372		4,715		2,467,008
Real estate - other commercial
Risk rating:
Pass	1,498,718		1,544,045		646,921		339,571		241,678		758,803		1,882,897		19,646		6,932,279
Special mention	30,970		13,928		31,702		208		6,768		37,207		49,083		—		169,866
Substandard	22,117		16,487		15,292		4,624		8,377		36,445		44,404		—		147,746
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate - other commercial	1,551,805		1,574,460		693,915		344,403		256,823		832,455		1,976,384		19,646		7,249,891
Commercial
Risk rating:
Pass	503,656		330,386		167,711		75,215		43,335		54,340		1,281,039		27,220		2,482,902
Special mention	51		1,080		34		58		8		963		2,042		—		4,236
Substandard	2,247		6,059		764		1,014		1,462		4,682		20,968		884		38,080
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial	505,954		337,525		168,509		76,287		44,805		59,985		1,304,049		28,104		2,525,218
Commercial - agriculture
Risk rating:
Pass	34,791		25,667		12,321		6,336		1,600		1,469		180,276		413		262,873
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	9		23		5		57		10		—		562		—		666
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial - agriculture	34,800		25,690		12,326		6,393		1,610		1,469		180,838		413		263,539
Other
Delinquency:
Current	96,254		30,852		8,599		5,529		20,537		26,057		167,238		953		356,019
30-89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3
Total other	96,254		30,852		8,599		5,529		20,537		26,060		167,238		953		356,022
Total	$	3,022,119	$	2,514,957	$	1,228,057	$	622,156	$	566,287	$	1,462,385	$	6,137,000	$	54,174	$	15,607,135

28

The following table presents a summary of loans by credit quality indicator, as of December 31, 2021, segregated by class of loans.

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016 and Prior		Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis		LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
Consumer - credit cards
Delinquency:
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	185,792	$	—	$	185,792
30-89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		847		—		847
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		413		—		413
Total consumer - credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		187,052		—		187,052
Consumer - other
Delinquency:
Current	97,830		21,885		11,712		6,756		5,416		3,833		19,607		—		167,039
30-89 days past due	265		121		164		49		219		156		175		—		1,149
90+ days past due	23		23		28		21		13		22		—		—		130
Total consumer - other	98,118		22,029		11,904		6,826		5,648		4,011		19,782		—		168,318
Real estate - C&D
Risk rating:
Pass	74,813		83,729		28,803		17,349		8,505		9,319		1,074,617		20,285		1,317,420
Special mention	—		—		270		—		—		47		—		—		317
Substandard	191		77		16		54		324		423		5,598		1,951		8,634
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate - C&D	75,004		83,806		29,089		17,403		8,829		9,789		1,080,215		22,236		1,326,371
Real estate - SF residential
Delinquency:
Current	419,605		335,788		185,190		260,037		193,110		421,957		256,155		9,422		2,081,264
30-89 days past due	1,061		883		1,662		791		1,077		4,360		1,479		—		11,313
90+ days past due	27		561		507		1,199		1,358		5,104		570		72		9,398
Total real estate - SF residential	420,693		337,232		187,359		262,027		195,545		431,421		258,204		9,494		2,101,975
Real estate - other commercial
Risk rating:
Pass	1,349,746		807,701		375,824		267,696		476,029		537,493		1,409,099		164,856		5,388,444
Special mention	28,151		30,981		2,799		6,650		39,361		4,801		38,638		1,608		152,989
Substandard	28,137		10,186		5,243		10,806		30,060		27,107		53,860		32,072		197,471
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate - other commercial	1,406,034		848,868		383,866		285,152		545,450		569,401		1,501,597		198,536		5,738,904
Commercial
Risk rating:
Pass	455,499		187,517		80,486		57,437		36,529		57,099		1,004,971		41,885		1,921,423
Special mention	670		2,482		1,066		189		261		2,770		8,500		10,499		26,437
Substandard	3,436		18,381		4,397		1,196		578		850		8,242		7,103		44,183
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial	459,605		208,380		85,949		58,822		37,368		60,719		1,021,713		59,487		1,992,043
Commercial - agriculture
Risk rating:
Pass	32,780		20,230		10,253		3,646		2,364		459		98,245		327		168,304
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	191		25		27		53		22		3		23		69		413
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial - agriculture	32,971		20,255		10,280		3,699		2,386		462		98,268		396		168,717
Other
Delinquency:
Current	24,247		4,740		1,236		22,438		6,692		5,578		264,189		—		329,120
30-89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3
Total other	24,247		4,740		1,236		22,438		6,692		5,581		264,189		—		329,123
Total	$	2,516,672	$	1,525,310	$	709,683	$	656,367	$	801,918	$	1,081,384	$	4,431,020	$	290,149	$	12,012,503

29

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses – The allowance for credit losses is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of lifetime expected losses based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, historical loss experience, and other qualitative considerations. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for expected loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company’s allowance for credit loss methodology includes reserve factors calculated to estimate current expected credit losses to amortized cost balances over the remaining contractual life of the portfolio, adjusted for the effective interest rate used to discount prepayments, in accordance with ASC Topic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. Accordingly, the methodology is based on the Company’s reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, historical loss experience, and other qualitative adjustments.

Loans with similar risk characteristics such as loan type, collateral type, and internal risk ratings are aggregated into homogeneous segments for assessment. Reserve factors are based on estimated probability of default and loss given default for each segment. The estimates are determined based on economic forecasts over the reasonable and supportable forecast period based on projected performance of economic variables that have a statistical relationship with the historical loss experience of the segments. For contractual periods that extend beyond the one-year forecast period, the estimates revert to average historical loss experiences over a one-year period on a straight-line basis.

The Company also includes qualitative adjustments to the allowance based on factors and considerations that have not otherwise been fully accounted for. Qualitative adjustments include, but are not limited to:

•Changes in asset quality - Adjustments related to trending credit quality metrics including delinquency, non-performing loans, charge-offs, and risk ratings that may not be fully accounted for in the reserve factor.

•Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio - Adjustments related to current changes in the loan portfolio that are not fully represented or accounted for in the reserve factors.

•Changes in lending and loan monitoring policies and procedures - Adjustments related to current changes in lending and loan monitoring procedures as well as review of specific internal policy compliance metrics.

•Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff - Adjustments to measure increasing or decreasing credit risk related to lending and loan monitoring management.

•Changes in the value of underlying collateral of collateralized loans - Adjustments related to improving or deterioration of the value of underlying collateral that are not fully captured in the reserve factors.

•Changes in and the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit - Adjustments related to credit risk of specific industries that are not fully captured in the reserve factors.

•Changes in regional and local economic and business conditions and developments - Adjustments related to expected and current economic conditions at a regional or local-level that are not fully captured within the Company’s reasonable and supportable forecast.

•Data imprecisions due to limited historical loss data - Adjustments related to limited historical loss data that is representative of the collective loan portfolio.

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. These evaluations are typically performed on loans with a deteriorated internal risk rating or are classified as a troubled debt restructuring. The allowance for credit loss is determined based on several methods including estimating the fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of expected cash flows.

For a collateral dependent loan, the Company’s evaluation process includes a valuation by appraisal or other collateral analysis adjusted for selling costs, when appropriate. This valuation is compared to the remaining outstanding principal balance of the loan. If a loss is determined to be probable, the loss is included in the allowance for credit losses as a specific allocation. If the loan is not collateral dependent, the measurement of loss is based on the difference between the expected and contractual future cash flows of the loan.

30

Loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral and where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty had an amortized cost of $77.1 million and $47.1 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, as further detailed in the table below. The collateral securing these loans consist of commercial real estate properties, residential properties, and other business assets.

(In thousands)	Real Estate Collateral		Other Collateral		Total
September 30, 2022
Construction and development	$	2,683	$	—	$	2,683
Single family residential	1,008		—		1,008
Other commercial real estate	64,772		—		64,772
Commercial	—		8,607		8,607
Total	$	68,463	$	8,607	$	77,070
December 31, 2021
Construction and development	$	2,489	$	—	$	2,489
Single family residential	1,838		—		1,838
Other commercial real estate	32,849		—		32,849
Commercial	—		9,913		9,913
Total	$	37,176	$	9,913	$	47,089

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. 

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning balance, July 1, 2022	$	32,817	$	166,481	$	6,609	$	6,704	$	212,611
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans	1,057		—		—		—		1,057
Provision for credit loss expense	(613)		(17,243)		1,119		840		(15,897)
Charge-offs	(1,873)		(130)		(903)		(506)		(3,412)
Recoveries	720		1,982		250		278		3,230
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(1,153)		1,852		(653)		(228)		(182)
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	32,108	$	151,090	$	7,075	$	7,316	$	197,589
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022	$	17,458	$	179,270	$	3,987	$	4,617	$	205,332
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans	1,911		3,187		—		2		5,100
Provision for credit loss expense	19,721		(33,436)		5,142		3,168		(5,405)
Charge-offs	(8,880)		(730)		(2,827)		(1,438)		(13,875)
Recoveries	1,898		2,799		773		967		6,437
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(6,982)		2,069		(2,054)		(471)		(7,438)
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	32,108	$	151,090	$	7,075	$	7,316	$	197,589

31

Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was as follows:

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Beginning balance, July 1, 2021	$	29,793	$	188,388	$	5,442	$	3,616	$	227,239
Provision for credit loss expense	(11,853)		(7,668)		(247)		(122)		(19,890)
Charge-offs	(932)		(5,941)		(711)		(463)		(8,047)
Recoveries	463		2,068		267		408		3,206
Net charge-offs	(469)		(3,873)		(444)		(55)		(4,841)
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	17,471	$	176,847	$	4,751	$	3,439	$	202,508
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Beginning balance, January 1, 2021	$	42,093	$	182,868	$	7,472	$	5,617	$	238,050
Provision for credit loss expense	(25,453)		(1,948)		(763)		(1,737)		(29,901)
Charge-offs	(2,099)		(8,068)		(2,759)		(1,577)		(14,503)
Recoveries	2,930		3,995		801		1,136		8,862
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	831		(4,073)		(1,958)		(441)		(5,641)
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	17,471	$	176,847	$	4,751	$	3,439	$	202,508

As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s allowance for credit losses was considered sufficient based upon expected loan level cash flows that were supported by economic forecasts. The provision recapture for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to a release of $16.0 million driven by a reduction to certain industry specific qualitative factors related to overall improvement from pandemic related stresses to these industries. The provision recapture for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to the qualitative factor reduction previously noted coupled with the improved asset credit quality metrics combined with improved Moody’s economic modeling scenarios, which more than offset the Day 2 provision expense related to the Spirit acquisition.

Reserve for Unfunded Commitments

In addition to the allowance for credit losses, the Company has established a reserve for unfunded commitments, classified in other liabilities. This reserve is maintained at a level management believes to be sufficient to absorb losses arising from unfunded loan commitments. The reserve for unfunded commitments was $41.9 million and $22.4 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The adequacy of the reserve for unfunded commitments is determined quarterly based on methodology similar to the methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses. For the three month period ended September 30, 2022, an adjustment to the reserve for unfunded commitments resulted in an expense of $16.0 million due to the overall increase in unfunded commitments, primarily made up of commercial construction loans, which receive a higher reserve allocation than other loans. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, an adjustment to the reserve for unfunded commitments resulted in an expense of $19.5 million, made up of the increase previously discussed combined with the Day 2 provision related to the Spirit acquisition. These adjustments were included in the provision for credit losses in the statement of income. No adjustment was made to the reserve for unfunded commitments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, as it was considered sufficient to cover any loss expectations.

Provision for Credit Losses

Provision for credit losses is determined by the Company as the amount to be added to the allowance for credit loss accounts for various types of financial instruments including loans, securities and off-balance-sheet credit exposure after net charge-offs have been deducted to bring the allowance to a level which, in management’s best estimate, is necessary to absorb expected credit losses over the lives of the respective financial instruments.

32

The components of the provision for credit losses for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Provision for credit losses related to:
Loans	$	(15,897)	$	(19,890)	$	(5,405)	$	(29,901)
Unfunded commitments	16,000		—		19,453		—
Securities - HTM	—		—		—		(1,183)
Securities - AFS	—		—		—		(312)
Total	$	103	$	(19,890)	$	14,048	$	(31,396)

Purchased Credit Deteriorated (“PCD”) Loans

Purchased loans that reflect a more-than-insignificant deterioration of credit from origination are considered PCD. For PCD loans, the initial estimate of expected credit losses is recognized in the allowance for credit loss on the date of acquisition using the same methodology as discussed in the Allowance for Credit Losses section included above.

The following table provides a summary of loans purchased during the fourth quarter of 2021 as part of the Landmark acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition:

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Unpaid principal balance	$	11,046	$	55,549	$	—	$	67	$	66,662
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(350)		(2,008)		—		(1)		(2,359)
Non-credit related discount	(160)		(2,415)		—		(2)		(2,577)
Fair value of PCD loans	$	10,536	$	51,126	$	—	$	64	$	61,726

The following table provides a summary of loans purchased during the fourth quarter of 2021 as part of the Triumph acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition:

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Unpaid principal balance	$	40,466	$	80,803	$	—	$	15	$	121,284
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(2,999)		(8,093)		—		—		(11,092)
Non-credit related discount	(279)		(1,314)		—		(1)		(1,594)
Fair value of PCD loans	$	37,188	$	71,396	$	—	$	14	$	108,598

The following table provides a summary of loans purchased during the second quarter of 2022 as part of the Spirit acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition:

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Unpaid principal balance	$	8,258	$	66,534	$	—	$	59	$	74,851
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(1,911)		(3,187)		—		(2)		(5,100)
Non-credit related discount	(378)		(998)		—		(1)		(1,377)
Fair value of PCD loans	$	5,969	$	62,349	$	—	$	56	$	68,374

33

NOTE 6: RIGHT-OF-USE LEASE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITIES

The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases, which requires recognition of most leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months on the balance sheet. At lease commencement, the lease contract is reviewed to determine whether the contract is a finance lease or an operating lease; a lease liability is recognized on a discounted basis, related to the Company’s obligation to make lease payments; and a right-of-use asset is also recognized related to the Company’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The Company accounts for lease and non-lease components (such as taxes, insurance and common area maintenance costs) separately as such amounts are generally readily determinable under the lease contracts. Lease payments over the expected term are discounted using the Company’s Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advance rates for borrowings of similar term. If it is reasonably certain that a renewal or termination option will be exercised, the effects of such options are included in the determination of the expected lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company’s leases are classified as operating leases with a term, including expected renewal or termination options, greater than one year, and are related to certain office facilities and office equipment. The following table presents information as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 related to the Company’s right-of-use lease assets, included in premises and equipment, and lease liabilities, included in accrued interest and other liabilities.

	September 30,			December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2022			2021
Right-of-use lease assets	$	49,308		$	48,855
Lease liabilities	50,187			49,321
Weighted average remaining lease term	7.82 years			7.96 years
Weighted average discount rate	2.05		%	2.00		%

Operating lease cost for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 was $3.6 million and $10.5 million, respectively, as compared to $2.8 million and $8.5 million for the same periods in 2021.

NOTE 7: PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Total premises and equipment, net at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Right-of-use lease assets	$	49,308	$	48,855
Premises and equipment:
Land	123,068		101,728
Buildings and improvements	366,773		320,844
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	117,111		107,122
Software	67,515		66,947
Construction in progress	20,767		9,117
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(194,610)		(171,144)
Total premises and equipment, net	$	549,932	$	483,469

34

NOTE 8: GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill is tested annually, or more often than annually, if circumstances warrant, for impairment. If the implied fair value of goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, goodwill impairment is indicated, and goodwill is written down to its implied fair value. Subsequent increases in goodwill value are not recognized in the financial statements. Goodwill totaled $1.31 billion and $1.15 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Goodwill increased $163.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to the Spirit acquisition, along with adjustments related to the continued assessment of the fair value and assumed tax position of the Landmark and Triumph acquisitions.

Goodwill impairment was neither indicated nor recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 or the year ended December 31, 2021. During the second quarter of 2022, the Company performed an annual goodwill impairment analysis and concluded no impairment existed. Also during 2022, the Company’s share price began to decline as markets in the United States responded to record inflation and other economic pressures. As a result of the effect on share price, the Company performed interim goodwill impairment assessments during the second and third quarters and concluded no impairment existed during the periods.

Core deposit premiums represent the value of the relationships that acquired banks had with their deposit customers and are amortized over periods ranging from 10 years to 15 years and are periodically evaluated, at least annually, as to the recoverability of their carrying value. Other intangible assets represent the value of other acquired relationships, including relationships with trust and wealth management customers, and are being amortized over various periods ranging from 8 to 15 years.

Changes in the carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s core deposit premiums and other intangible assets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows: 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Core deposit premiums:
Balance, beginning of year	$	93,862	$	97,363
Acquisitions(1)	36,500		9,295
Disposition of intangible asset(2)	—		(674)
Amortization	(10,647)		(12,122)
Balance, end of period	119,715		93,862
Books of business and other intangibles:
Balance, beginning of year	12,373		13,747
Acquisitions(3)	2,131		—
Amortization	(1,160)		(1,374)
Balance, end of period	13,344		12,373
Total other intangible assets, net	$	133,059	$	106,235

_________________________

(1)    A core deposit premium of $36.5 million was recorded during 2022 as part of the Spirit acquisition. Core deposit premiums of $5.1 million and $4.2 million were recorded during 2021 as part of the Triumph and Landmark acquisitions, respectively. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on acquisitions.

(2)    Adjustments recorded for the premiums on certain deposit liabilities associated with the sale of banking operations.

(3)    The Company recorded $2.1 million during 2022 related to servicing assets acquired as part of the Spirit acquisition. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on acquisitions.

35

The carrying basis and accumulated amortization of the Company’s other intangible assets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows: 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Core deposit premiums:
Gross carrying amount	$	189,996	$	153,496
Accumulated amortization	(70,281)		(59,634)
Core deposit premiums, net	119,715		93,862
Books of business and other intangibles:
Gross carrying amount	22,068		19,937
Accumulated amortization	(8,724)		(7,564)
Books of business and other intangibles, net	13,344		12,373
Total other intangible assets, net	$	133,059	$	106,235

The Company’s estimated remaining amortization expense on other intangible assets as of September 30, 2022 is as follows:

(In thousands)	Year	Amortization Expense
	Remainder of 2022	$	4,108
	2023	16,306
	2024	15,403
	2025	12,819
	2026	12,346
	Thereafter	72,077
	Total	$	133,059

NOTE 9: TIME DEPOSITS

Time deposits included approximately $1.25 billion and $784.9 million of certificates of deposit over $250,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Brokered time deposits were $1.82 billion and $466.0 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

NOTE 10: INCOME TAXES

The provision for income taxes is comprised of the following components for the periods indicated below:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Income taxes currently payable	$	14,952	$	21,500	$	35,412	$	46,566
Deferred income taxes	2,007		(2,730)		2,924		3,585
Provision for income taxes	$	16,959	$	18,770	$	38,336	$	50,151

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The tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts that give rise to deferred income tax assets and liabilities, and their approximate tax effects, are as follows: 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Deferred tax assets:
Loans acquired	$	7,459	$	4,832
Allowance for credit losses	47,048		48,462
Valuation of foreclosed assets	628		628
Tax NOLs from acquisition	12,423		13,537
Deferred compensation payable	3,795		3,426
Accrued equity and other compensation	5,738		5,776
Acquired securities	19,749		223
Right-of-use lease liability	12,194		11,984
Unrealized loss on AFS securities	204,415		8,164
Allowance for unfunded commitments	10,188		5,442
Other	5,905		7,202
Gross deferred tax assets	329,542		109,676
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill and other intangible amortization	(45,070)		(38,329)
Accumulated depreciation	(24,741)		(26,347)
Right-of-use lease asset	(11,981)		(11,871)
Unrealized gain on swaps	(29,279)		(2,767)
Other	(4,233)		(3,718)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(115,304)		(83,032)
Net deferred tax asset	$	214,238	$	26,644

A reconciliation of income tax expense at the statutory rate to the Company’s actual income tax expense is shown for the periods indicated below:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Computed at the statutory rate (21%)	$	20,488	$	20,859	$	44,412	$	57,336
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	1,774		1,477		2,339		4,855
Stock-based compensation	16		(22)		(89)		15
Tax exempt interest income	(3,682)		(2,973)		(10,704)		(8,224)
Tax exempt earnings on BOLI	(509)		(435)		(1,399)		(995)
Federal tax credits	(301)		(491)		(1,838)		(1,670)
Other differences, net	(827)		355		5,615		(1,166)
Actual tax provision	$	16,959	$	18,770	$	38,336	$	50,151

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The Company follows ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Benefits from tax positions should be recognized in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on the accounting for and disclosure of unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties. The Company has no history of expiring net operating loss carryforwards and is projecting significant pre-tax and financial taxable income in future years. The Company expects to fully realize its deferred tax assets in the future.

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits may increase or decrease in the future for various reasons including adding amounts for current tax year positions, expiration of open income tax returns due to the statutes of limitation, changes in management’s judgment about the level of uncertainty, status of examinations, litigation and legislative activity and the addition or elimination of uncertain tax positions.

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code imposes an annual limit on the ability of a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” to use its U.S. net operating losses to reduce its tax liability. The Company has engaged in two tax-free reorganization transactions in which acquired net operating losses are limited pursuant to Section 382. In total, approximately $55.6 million of federal net operating losses subject to the IRC Section 382 annual limitation are expected to be utilized by the Company. All of the acquired net operating loss carryforwards are expected to be fully utilized by 2036.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction. The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns are open and subject to examinations from the 2018 tax year and forward. The Company’s various state income tax returns are generally open from the 2018 and later tax return years based on individual state statute of limitations.

NOTE 11: SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE

The Company utilizes securities sold under agreements to repurchase to facilitate the needs of its customers and to facilitate secured short-term funding needs. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are stated at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction. The Company monitors collateral levels on a continuous basis. The Company may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with the Company’s safekeeping agents.

The gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements was $159.5 million and $170.4 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The remaining contractual maturity of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase in the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is presented in the following tables.

	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(In thousands)	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
September 30, 2022
Repurchase agreements:
U.S. Government agencies	$	159,513	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	159,513
December 31, 2021
Repurchase agreements:
U.S. Government agencies	$	170,403	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	170,403

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NOTE 12: OTHER BORROWINGS AND SUBORDINATED NOTES AND DEBENTURES

Debt at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following components: 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Other Borrowings
FHLB advances, net of discount, due 2022 to 2034, 1.49% to 5.53% secured by real estate loans	$	934,147	$	1,306,143
Other long-term debt	30,625		31,830
Total other borrowings	964,772		1,337,973
Subordinated Notes and Debentures
Subordinated notes payable, due 4/1/2028, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 5.00% through 3/31/2023, floating rate of 2.15% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly)	330,000		330,000
Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly)	37,313		—
Trust preferred securities, due 9/15/2037, floating rate of 1.37% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly	—		10,310
Trust preferred securities, due 6/6/2037, floating rate of 1.57% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty	—		10,310
Trust preferred securities, due 12/15/2035, floating rate of 1.45% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty	—		6,702
Trust preferred securities, net of discount, due 6/15/2037, floating rate of 1.85% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty	—		25,329
Trust preferred securities, net of discount, due 12/15/2036, floating rate of 1.85% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty	—		3,041
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,362)		(1,561)
Total subordinated notes and debentures	365,951		384,131
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt	$	1,330,723	$	1,722,104

In March 2018, the Company issued $330.0 million in aggregate principal amount, of 5.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes (“Notes”) at a public offering price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes. The Company incurred $3.6 million in debt issuance costs related to the offering during March 2018. The Notes will mature on April 1, 2028 and will bear interest at an initial fixed rate of 5.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears. From and including April 1, 2023 to, but excluding, the maturity date or the date of earlier redemption, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the then-current three month LIBOR rate plus 215 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears. The Notes will be subordinated in right of payment to the payment of the Company’s other existing and future senior indebtedness, including all of its general creditors. The Notes are obligations of the Company only and are not obligations of, and are not guaranteed by, any of its subsidiaries. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the sale of the Notes to repay certain outstanding indebtedness. The Notes qualify for Tier 2 capital treatment.

The terms of the Company’s Notes utilize the three month LIBOR rate to determine the interest rate and expense due each quarter. The Company is currently reviewing all applicable documents and working with the debt holders and all relevant parties to determine the alternate interest rate index to be utilized, or other impacts, when LIBOR is discontinued.

The Company assumed subordinated debt in an aggregate principal amount, net of premium adjustments, of $37.4 million in connection with the Spirit acquisition in April 2022 (the “Spirit Notes”). The Spirit Notes will mature on July 31, 2030, and initially bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 6.00%, payable quarterly, in arrears, to, but excluding, July 31, 2025. From and including July 31, 2025, to, but excluding, the maturity date or earlier redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to a benchmark rate, which is expected to be the then-current three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (provided, that in the event the benchmark rate is less than zero, the benchmark rate will be deemed to be zero) plus 592 basis points, payable quarterly, in arrears.

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The Company had total FHLB advances of $934.1 million and $1.31 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are primarily FHLB Owns the Option (“FOTO”) advances. FOTO advances are a low cost, fixed-rate source of funding in return for granting to FHLB the flexibility to choose a termination date earlier than the maturity date and therefore are classified as short-term advances by the Company. At September 30, 2022, the FHLB advances outstanding were secured by mortgage loans and investment securities totaling approximately $6.0 billion and the Company had approximately $5.0 billion of additional advances available from the FHLB.

During the third quarter of 2022, the Company redeemed the five issuances of trust preferred securities which had an outstanding aggregate principal amount of $56.2 million. The Company recorded a loss of $365,000 related to the early retirement of debt, which represented the unamortized purchase discounts associated with the previously acquired trust preferred securities. Each of the trusts was a statutory business trust organized for the sole purpose of issuing trust securities and investing the proceeds thereof in junior subordinated debentures of the Company, the sole asset of each trust. The preferred securities of each trust represented preferred beneficial interests in the assets of the respective trusts and were subject to mandatory redemption upon payment of the junior subordinated debentures held by the trust. The common securities of each trust were wholly-owned by the Company. The trust preferred securities were tax-advantaged issues that qualified for inclusion as Tier 2 capital.

The Company’s long-term debt primarily includes subordinated debt and other notes payable. Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt at September 30, 2022, are as follows: 

Year	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2022	$	429
2023	1,783
2024	1,839
2025	4,841
2026	1,844
Thereafter	389,986
Total	$	400,722

NOTE 13: CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

In the ordinary course of its operations, the Company and its subsidiaries are parties to various legal proceedings incidental to the conduct of our business, including proceedings based on breach of contract claims, lender liability claims, and other ordinary-course claims, some of which seek substantial relief or damages.

On May 22, 2019, Danny Walkingstick and Whitnye Fort filed a putative class action complaint against Simmons Bank in the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri. The operative complaint alleges that Simmons Bank improperly charges overdraft fees on transactions that did not actually overdraw customers’ accounts by utilizing the checking account’s “available balance” to assess overdraft fees instead of the “ledger balance.” Plaintiffs’ claims include breach of contract and unjust enrichment, and they seek to represent a proposed class of all Simmons Bank checking account customers who were assessed an overdraft fee on a transaction that purportedly did not overdraw the account. Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages, costs, attorneys’ fees, pre- and post-judgment interest, and other relief as the Court deems proper for themselves and the putative class. Simmons Bank denies the allegations but has entered into a settlement agreement and release with the plaintiffs on behalf of themselves and the proposed class to resolve this matter, subject to the court’s final approval. The settlement is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

On January 14, 2020, Susanne Pace filed a putative class action complaint in the Circuit Court of Boone County, Missouri against Landmark Bank, formerly a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Landrum Company, to which Simmons Bank is a successor by merger in connection with the Company’s acquisition of The Landrum Company, which closed in October 2019. The complaint alleges that Landmark Bank improperly charged overdraft fees where a transaction was initially authorized on sufficient funds but later settled negative due to intervening transactions. The complaint asserts a claim for breach of contract, which incorporates the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing. Plaintiff seeks to represent a proposed class of all Landmark Bank checking account customers from Missouri who were allegedly charged overdraft fees on transactions that did not overdraw their checking account. Plaintiff seeks unspecified actual, statutory, and punitive damages as well as costs, attorneys’ fees, prejudgment interest, an injunction, and other relief as the Court deems proper for herself and the putative class. Simmons Bank denies the allegations but has entered into a settlement agreement and release with the plaintiffs on behalf of themselves and the proposed class to resolve

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this matter, subject to the court’s final approval. The settlement is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

On June 29, 2020, Shunda Wilkins, Diann Graham, and David Watson filed a putative class action complaint against Simmons Bank in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas. The complaint alleges that Simmons Bank improperly charges multiple insufficient funds or overdraft fees when a merchant resubmits a rejected payment request. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract and unjust enrichment. Plaintiffs seek to represent a proposed class of all Simmons Bank checking account customers who were charged multiple insufficient funds or overdraft fees on resubmitted payment requests. Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages, costs, attorney’s fees, pre-judgment interest, an injunction, and other relief as the Court deems proper for themselves and the purported class. Simmons Bank denies the allegations and is vigorously defending the matter.

We establish reserves for legal proceedings when potential losses become probable and can be reasonably estimated. While the ultimate resolution (including amounts thereof) of any legal proceedings, including the matters described above, cannot be determined at this time, based on information presently available and after consultation with legal counsel, management believes that the ultimate outcome in such proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. It is possible, however, that future developments could result in an unfavorable outcome for or resolution of any of these proceedings, which may be material to our results of operations for a given fiscal period.

NOTE 14: CAPITAL STOCK

On February 27, 2009, at a special meeting, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation to establish 40,040,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value. As of September 30, 2022, the aggregate liquidation preference of all shares of preferred stock cannot exceed $80,000,000.

On October 29, 2019, the Company filed Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (“October Amended Articles”) with the Arkansas Secretary of State. The October Amended Articles classified and designated Series D Preferred Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share, out of the Company’s authorized preferred stock. On November 30, 2021, the Company redeemed all of the Series D Preferred Stock, including accrued and unpaid dividends.

On April 27, 2022, shareholders of the Company approved an increase in the number of authorized shares of its Class A common stock from 175,000,000 to 350,000,000.

Effective July 23, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s stock repurchase program originally established in October 2019 (“2019 Program”) that increased the amount of the Company’s Class A common stock that may be repurchased under the 2019 Program from a maximum of $180 million to a maximum of $276.5 million and extended the term of the 2019 Program from October 31, 2021, to October 31, 2022 (unless terminated sooner).

During January 2022, the Company substantially exhausted the repurchase capacity under the 2019 Program. As a result, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program in January 2022 (the “2022 Program”) under which the Company may repurchase up to $175.0 million of its Class A common stock currently issued and outstanding. The 2022 Program will terminate on January 31, 2024 (unless terminated sooner).

During the three month period ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 1,883,713 shares at an average price of $23.91 per share under the 2022 Program. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 513,725 shares at an average price of $31.25 per share under the 2019 Program and 3,919,037 shares at an average price of $24.26 per share under the 2022 Program, respectively. The 2022 Program repurchases were all completed during the second and third quarters of 2022. Market conditions and the Company’s capital needs will drive decisions regarding additional, future stock repurchases. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2021, the Company repurchased 1,806,205 shares at an average price of $28.48 per share and 1,937,121 shares at an average price of $28.14 per share, respectively, under the 2019 Program.

Under the 2022 Program, which replaced the 2019 Program, the Company may repurchase shares of its common stock through open market and privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing, pricing, and amount of any repurchases under the 2022 Program will be determined by the Company’s management at its discretion based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, trading volume and market price of the Company’s common stock, corporate considerations, the Company’s working capital and investment requirements, general market and economic conditions, and legal requirements. The 2022 Program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any common stock and may be modified, discontinued, or suspended at any time without

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prior notice. The Company anticipates funding for this 2022 Program to come from available sources of liquidity, including cash on hand and future cash flow.

NOTE 15: UNDIVIDED PROFITS

Simmons Bank, the Company’s subsidiary bank, is subject to legal limitations on dividends that can be paid to the parent company without prior approval of the applicable regulatory agencies. The approval of the Commissioner of the Arkansas State Bank Department is required if the total of all dividends declared by an Arkansas state bank in any calendar year exceeds seventy-five percent (75%) of the total of its net profits, as defined, for that year combined with seventy-five percent (75%) of its retained net profits of the preceding year. At September 30, 2022, Simmons Bank had approximately $175.1 million available for payment of dividends to the Company, without prior regulatory approval.

The risk-based capital guidelines of the Federal Reserve Board and the Arkansas State Bank Department include the definitions for (1) a well-capitalized institution, (2) an adequately-capitalized institution, and (3) an undercapitalized institution. The criteria for a well-capitalized institution are: a 5% “Tier l leverage capital” ratio, an 8% “Tier 1 risk-based capital” ratio, 10% “total risk-based capital” ratio; and a 6.5% “common equity Tier 1 (CET1)” ratio.

The Company and Simmons Bank, must hold a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% composed of CET1 capital above its minimum risk-based capital requirements. Failure to meet this capital conservation buffer would result in additional limits on dividends, other distributions and discretionary bonuses. As of September 30, 2022, the Company and Simmons Bank met all capital adequacy requirements, including the capital conservation buffer, under the Basel III Capital Rules. The Company’s CET1 ratio was 11.73% at September 30, 2022. 

NOTE 16: STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company’s Board of Directors has adopted various stock-based compensation plans. The plans provide for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance stock units. Pursuant to the plans, shares are reserved for future issuance by the Company upon exercise of stock options or awards of restricted stock, restricted stock units, or performance stock units granted to directors, officers and other key employees.

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The table below summarizes the transactions under the Company’s active stock-based compensation plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022: 

	Stock Options Outstanding			Non-vested Stock Awards Outstanding			Non-vested Stock Units Outstanding
(Shares in thousands)	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022	473	$	22.50	2	$	22.20	1,111	$	26.49
Granted	—	—		—	—		671	26.64
Stock options exercised	(2)	13.89		—	—		—	—
Stock awards/units vested (earned)	—	—		(2)	22.20		(397)	26.42
Forfeited/expired	—	—		—	—		(80)	25.69
Balance, September 30, 2022	471	$	22.54	—	$	—	1,305	$	26.66
Exercisable, September 30, 2022	471	$	22.54

The following table summarizes information about stock options under the plans outstanding at September 30, 2022:

					Options Outstanding			Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices					Number of Shares (In thousands)	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Number of Shares (In thousands)	Weighted Average Exercise Price
$	10.65	—	$	10.65	1	0.29	$10.65	1	$10.65
20.29		—	20.29		47	2.25	20.29	47	20.29
22.20		—	22.20		51	2.48	22.20	51	22.20
22.75		—	22.75		293	2.86	22.75	293	22.75
23.51		—	23.51		72	3.30	23.51	72	23.51
24.07		—	24.07		7	2.96	24.07	7	24.07
$	10.65	—	$	24.07	471	2.82	$22.54	471	$22.54

The table below summarizes the Company’s performance stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

(In thousands)	Performance Stock Units
Non-vested, January 1, 2022	257
Granted	185
Vested (earned)	(75)
Forfeited	(12)
Non-vested,September 30, 2022	355

Stock-based compensation expense was $11.5 million and $12.6 million during the nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for all stock-based awards. There was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options at September 30, 2022. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock awards and stock units was $20.5 million at September 30, 2022. At such date, the weighted-average period over which this unrecognized expense is expected to be recognized was 1.6 years.

The intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable at September 30, 2022 was $86,000. Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the period, which was $21.79 as of September 30, 2022, and the exercise price multiplied by the number of options outstanding. There was no

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intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, while the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $1.3 million.

The fair value of the Company’s employee stock options granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, changes to which can materially affect the fair value estimate. There were no stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

NOTE 17: EARNINGS PER SHARE (“EPS”)

Basic EPS is computed by dividing reported net income available to common stockholders by weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing reported net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares and all potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period.

The computation of earnings per share is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income available to common stockholders	$	80,603	$	80,561	$	173,152	$	222,879
Average common shares outstanding	127,884		107,822		122,935		108,130
Average potential dilutive common shares	452		538		452		538
Average diluted common shares	128,336		108,360		123,387		108,668
Basic earnings per share	$	0.63	$	0.75	$	1.41	$	2.06
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.63	$	0.74	$	1.40	$	2.05

There were 99,837 stock options excluded from the three months ended September 30, 2022 earnings per share calculation due to the related stock option exercise price exceeding the average market price of the Company’s stock during the period. There were no stock options excluded from the earnings per share calculation for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to the related exercise price exceeding the average market price. There were no stock options excluded from the earnings per share calculation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to the related stock option exercise price exceeding the average market price.

NOTE 18: ADDITIONAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

The following is a summary of the Company’s additional cash flow information:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Interest paid	$	66,744	$	59,535
Income taxes (refunded) paid	14,674		46,693
Transfers of loans to foreclosed assets held for sale	632		3,516
Transfers of premises held for sale to other real estate owned	—		4,368
Transfers of assets held for sale to other assets	100		—
Transfers of premises held for sale to premises	—		5,610
Transfers of available-for-sale to held-to-maturity securities	1,992,542		500,809

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NOTE 19: OTHER INCOME AND OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES

Other income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $6.7 million and $20.8 million, respectively. Other income for the same periods in 2021 was $6.4 million and $25.3 million, respectively. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized a gain on sale of $5.3 million related to the sale of banking operations and bank branches.

Other operating expenses consisted of the following:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Professional services	$	4,339	$	4,399	$	13,987	$	14,207
Postage	2,385		1,964		6,728		6,277
Telephone	1,668		1,516		4,921		4,758
Credit card expense	3,149		2,727		8,892		7,588
Marketing	6,662		5,019		21,556		12,912
Software and technology	10,340		10,134		30,565		30,242
Operating supplies	441		605		1,852		2,013
Amortization of intangibles	4,225		3,332		11,807		10,008
Branch right sizing expense	1,170		(3,280)		2,371		(2,187)
Other expense	10,705		8,149		28,534		22,008
Total other operating expenses	$	45,084	$	34,565	$	131,213	$	107,826

NOTE 20: CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS

From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries have made loans, other extensions of credit, and vendor contracts to directors, officers, their associates and members of their immediate families. Additionally, some directors, officers and their associates and members of their immediate families have placed deposits with the Company’s subsidiary bank, Simmons Bank. Such loans and other extensions of credit, deposits and vendor contracts (which were not material) were made in the ordinary course of business, on substantially the same terms (including interest rates and collateral) as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons or through a competitive bid process. Further, in management’s opinion, these extensions of credit did not involve more than normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

NOTE 21: COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT RISK

The Company grants agribusiness, commercial and residential loans to customers primarily throughout Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas, along with credit card loans to customers throughout the United States. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since a portion of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer’s creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial real estate and residential real estate.

At September 30, 2022, the Company had outstanding commitments to extend credit aggregating approximately $696.7 million and $5.62 billion for credit card commitments and other loan commitments, respectively. At December 31, 2021, the Company had outstanding commitments to extend credit aggregating approximately $685.3 million and $3.41 billion for credit card commitments and other loan commitments, respectively.

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had outstanding commitments to originate fixed rate-rate mortgage loans of approximately $37.2 million. At December 31, 2021, the Company had outstanding commitments to originate fixed-rate mortgage loans of approximately $108.5 million. 

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial

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paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. The Company had total outstanding letters of credit amounting to $50.6 million and $37.7 million at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively, with terms ranging from 9 months to 15 years. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had no deferred revenue under standby letter of credit agreements.

The Company has purchased letters of credit from the FHLB as security for certain public deposits. The amount of the letters of credit was $113.8 million and $59.1 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and they expire in less than one year from issuance.

NOTE 22: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Topic 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: 

•Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 Inputs – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality and the Company’s creditworthiness, among other things, as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time. The Company’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Furthermore, the reported fair value amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since the presentation dates, and therefore, estimates of fair value after the balance sheet date may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein. A more detailed description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.

Following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Available-for-sale securities – Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities would include highly liquid government bonds, mortgage products and certain other financial products. Other securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the security’s terms and conditions, among other things. In order to ensure the fair values are consistent with ASC Topic 820, the Company periodically checks the fair values by comparing them to another pricing source, such as Bloomberg. The availability of pricing confirms Level 2 classification in the fair value hierarchy. The third-party pricing service is subject to an annual review of internal controls. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. The Company’s investment in U.S. Treasury securities, if any, is reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs. The remainder of the Company’s available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs.

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Mortgage loans held for sale – Mortgage loans held for sale are reported at fair value on an aggregate basis. Adjustments to fair value are recognized monthly and reflected in earnings. In determining the fair value of loans held for sale, the Company may consider outstanding investor commitments, discounted cash flow analyses with market assumptions or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Such loans are classified within either Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Where assumptions are made using significant unobservable inputs, such loans held for sale are classified as Level 3. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the aggregate fair value of mortgage loans held for sale exceeded their cost.

Derivative instruments – The Company’s derivative instruments are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The Company obtains fair value measurements from dealer quotes.

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets by level within the fair value hierarchy that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

			Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2022
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	2,191	$	2,191	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government agencies	188,060		—		188,060		—
Mortgage-backed securities	2,670,348		—		2,670,348		—
State and political subdivisions	822,509		—		822,509		—
Other securities	254,435		—		254,435		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	12,759		—		—		12,759
Derivative asset	149,637		—		149,637		—
Derivative liability	(39,119)		—		(39,119)		—
December 31, 2021
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	300	$	300	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government agencies	364,641		—		364,641		—
Mortgage-backed securities	4,448,616		—		4,448,616		—
States and political subdivisions	1,819,658		—		1,819,658		—
Other securities	480,330		—		480,330		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	36,356		—		—		36,356
Derivative asset	25,852		—		25,852		—
Derivative liability	(15,443)		—		(15,443)		—

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Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include the following:

Individually assessed loans (collateral-dependent) – When the Company has a specific expectation to initiate, or has initiated, foreclosure proceedings, and when the repayment of a loan is expected to be substantially dependent on the liquidation of underlying collateral, the relationship is deemed collateral-dependent. Fair value of the loan is determined by establishing an allowance for credit loss for any exposure based on the valuation of the underlying collateral. The valuation of the collateral is determined by either an independent third-party appraisal or other collateral analysis. Discounts can be made by the Company based upon the overall evaluation of the independent appraisal. Collateral-dependent loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the unobservable inputs used in determining their fair value such as collateral values and the borrower’s underlying financial condition. Collateral values supporting the individually assessed loans are evaluated quarterly for updates to appraised values or adjustments due to non-current valuations.

Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned – Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned are reported at fair value, less estimated costs to sell. At foreclosure, if the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, of the real estate acquired is less than the Company’s recorded investment in the related loan, a write-down is recognized through a charge to the allowance for credit losses. Additionally, valuations are periodically performed by management and any subsequent reduction in value is recognized by a charge to income. The fair value of foreclosed assets and other real estate owned is estimated using Level 3 inputs based on unobservable market data.

The significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the fair value measurement of collateral for collateral-dependent loans and foreclosed assets primarily relate to the specialized discounting criteria applied to the borrower’s reported amount of collateral. The amount of the collateral discount depends upon the condition and marketability of the collateral, as well as other factors which may affect the collectability of the loan. Management’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset. It is reasonably possible that a change in the estimated fair value for instruments measured using Level 3 inputs could occur in the future. As the Company’s primary objective in the event of default would be to liquidate the collateral to settle the outstanding balance of the loan, collateral that is less marketable would receive a larger discount.

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets by level within the fair value hierarchy that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. 

			Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2022
Individually assessed loans (1) (2) (collateral-dependent)	$	77,070	$	—	$	—	$	77,070
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned (1)	2,897		—		—		2,897
December 31, 2021
Individually assessed loans (1) (2) (collateral-dependent)	$	47,089	$	—	$	—	$	47,089
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned (1)	4,875		—		—		4,875

________________________

(1)These amounts represent the resulting carrying amounts on the consolidated balance sheets for collateral-dependent loans and foreclosed assets and other real estate owned for which fair value re-measurements took place during the period.

(2)Identified reserves of $10,783,000 and $4,214,000 were related to collateral-dependent loans for which fair value re-measurements took place during the periods ended September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure in annual and interim financial statements of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments not previously disclosed.

Cash and cash equivalents – The carrying amount for cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value (Level 1).

Interest bearing balances due from banks – The fair value of interest bearing balances due from banks – time is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies the rates currently offered on deposits of similar remaining maturities (Level 2).

Held-to-maturity securities – Fair values for held-to-maturity securities equal quoted market prices, if available, such as for highly liquid government bonds (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are estimated based on quoted market prices of similar securities. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the security’s terms and conditions, among other things (Level 2). In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

Loans and other loans held for sale – The fair value of loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows, using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. Additional factors considered include the type of loan and related collateral, variable or fixed rate, classification status, remaining term, interest rate, historical delinquencies, loan to value ratios, current market rates and remaining loan balance. The loans were grouped together according to similar characteristics and were treated in the aggregate when applying various valuation techniques. The discount rates used for loans were based on current market rates for new originations of similar loans. Estimated credit losses were also factored into the projected cash flows of the loans. The fair value of loans is estimated on an exit price basis incorporating the above factors (Level 3).

Deposits – The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts and money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amount) (Level 2). The fair value of fixed-maturity time deposits is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities (Level 3).

Federal Funds purchased, securities sold under agreement to repurchase and short-term debt – The carrying amount for Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreement to repurchase and short-term debt are a reasonable estimate of fair value (Level 2).

Other borrowings – For short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. For long-term debt, rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities are used to estimate the fair value (Level 2).

Subordinated debentures – The fair value of subordinated debentures is estimated using the rates that would be charged for subordinated debentures of similar remaining maturities (Level 2).

Accrued interest receivable/payable – The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximated fair value (Level 2).

Commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and lines of credit – The fair value of commitments is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair values of letters of credit and lines of credit are based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date.

The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

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The estimated fair values, and related carrying amounts, of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:

	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2022
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	679,410	$	679,410	$	—	$	—	$	679,410
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	1,290		—		1,290		—		1,290
Held-to-maturity securities, net	3,787,076		—		2,984,040		—		2,984,040
Interest receivable	86,637		—		86,637		—		86,637
Loans and other loans held for sale, net	15,411,838		—		—		14,967,078		14,967,078
Financial liabilities:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	6,218,283		—		6,218,283		—		6,218,283
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	12,103,994		—		12,103,994		—		12,103,994
Time deposits	3,826,415		—		—		3,761,408		3,761,408
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	168,513		—		168,513		—		168,513
Other borrowings	964,772		—		961,666		—		961,666
Subordinated notes and debentures	365,951		—		362,823		—		362,823
Interest payable	13,077		—		13,077		—		13,077
December 31, 2021
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,650,653	$	1,650,653	$	—	$	—	$	1,650,653
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	1,882		—		1,882		—		1,882
Held-to-maturity securities, net	1,529,221		—		1,517,378		—		1,517,378
Interest receivable	72,990		—		72,990		—		72,990
Loans and other loans held for sale, net	11,807,171		—		—		11,922,735		11,922,735
Financial liabilities:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	5,325,318		—		5,325,318		—		5,325,318
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	11,588,770		—		11,588,770		—		11,588,770
Time deposits	2,452,460		—		—		2,451,055		2,451,055
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	185,403		—		185,403		—		185,403
Other borrowings	1,337,973		—		1,393,711		—		1,393,711
Subordinated notes and debentures	384,131		—		394,464		—		394,464
Interest payable	6,759		—		6,759		—		6,759

The fair value of commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and lines of credit is not presented since management believes the fair value to be insignificant.

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NOTE 23: DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The Company utilizes derivative instruments to manage exposure to various types of interest rate risk for itself and its customers within policy guidelines. Transactions should only be entered into with an associated underlying exposure. All derivative instruments are carried at fair value.

Derivative contracts involve the risk of dealing with institutional derivative counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. Institutional counterparties must have an investment grade credit rating and be approved by the Company’s asset/liability management committee. In arranging these products for its customers, the Company assumes additional credit risk from the customer and from the dealer counterparty with whom the transaction is undertaken. Credit risk exists due to the default credit risk created in the exchange of the payments over a period of time. Credit exposure on interest rate swaps is limited to the net favorable value and interest payments of all swaps with each counterparty. Access to collateral in the event of default is reasonably assured. Therefore, credit exposure may be reduced by the amount of collateral pledged by the counterparty.

Hedge Structures

The Company will seek to enter derivative structures that most effectively address the risk exposure and structural terms of the underlying position being hedged. The term and notional principal amount of a hedge transaction will not exceed the term or principal amount of the underlying exposure. In addition, the Company will use hedge indices which are the same as, or highly correlated to, the index or rate on the underlying exposure. Derivative credit exposure is monitored on an ongoing basis for each customer transaction and aggregate exposure to each counterparty is tracked. The Company has set a maximum outstanding notional contract amount at 10% of the Company’s assets.

Fair Value Hedges

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings. The gain or loss on the derivative instrument is presented on the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company began utilizing interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges to mitigate the effect of changing interest rates on the fair values of fixed rate callable AFS securities. The hedging strategy converts the fixed interest rates to variable interest rates based on federal funds rates.

The following table summarizes the fair value hedges recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

				September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	Weighted Average Pay Rate	Receive Rate	Notional		Fair Value		Notional		Fair Value
Derivative assets	Other assets	1.21%	Federal Funds	$	999,700	$	110,469	$	1,001,715	$	10,524

The following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to carrying amounts and cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.

	Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets
Line Item on the Balance Sheet (In thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Investment securities - Available-for-sale	$	716,275	$	1,063,173	$	110,469	$	10,524

Customer Risk Management Interest Rate Swaps

The Company’s qualified loan customers have the opportunity to participate in its interest rate swap program for the purpose of managing interest rate risk on their variable rate loans with the Company. The Company enters into such agreements with customers, then offsetting agreements are executed between the Company and an approved dealer counterparty to minimize market risk from changes in interest rates. The counterparty contracts are identical to customer contracts in terms of notional amounts, interest rates, and maturity dates, except for a fixed pricing spread or fee paid to the Company by the dealer counterparty. These interest rate swaps carry varying degrees of credit, interest rate and market or liquidity risks. The fair value of these derivative instruments is recognized as either derivative assets or liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company has a limited number of swaps that are standalone without a similar agreement with the loan customer.

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The following table summarizes the fair values of loan derivative contracts recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Notional		Fair Value		Notional		Fair Value
Derivative assets	$	431,588	$	39,168	$	318,428	$	15,328
Derivative liabilities	432,582		39,119		321,985		15,443

Risk Participation Agreements

The Company has a limited number of Risk Participation Agreement swaps, that are associated with loan participations, where the Company is not the counterparty to the interest rate swaps that are associated with the risk participation sold. The interest rate swap mark to market only impacts the Company if the swap is in a liability position to the counterparty and the customer defaults on payments to the counterparty. The notional amount of these contingent agreements is $15.6 million as of September 30, 2022.

Energy Hedging

The Company provides energy derivative services to qualifying, high quality oil and gas borrowers for hedging purposes. The Company serves as an intermediary on energy derivative products between the Company’s borrowers and dealers. The Company will only enter into back-to-back trades, thus maintaining a balanced book between the dealer and the borrower.

Energy hedging risk exposure to the Company’s customer increases as energy prices for crude oil and natural gas rise. As prices decrease, exposure to the exchange increases. These risks are mitigated by customer credit underwriting policies and establishing a predetermined hedge line for each borrower and by monitoring the exchange margin.

The outstanding notional value as of September 30, 2022 for energy hedging Customer Sell to Company swaps were $6.4 million and the corresponding Company Sell to Dealer swaps were $6.4 million and the corresponding net fair value of the derivative asset and derivative liability was $82,400.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders, Board of Directors and Audit Committee

Simmons First National Corporation

Pine Bluff, Arkansas

Results of Review of Interim Financial Statements

We have reviewed the consolidated balance sheet of Simmons First National Corporation and subsidiaries (“the Company”) as of September 30, 2022, and the related condensed consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss) and stockholders’ equity for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and cash flows for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial information or statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the condensed consolidated financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2021, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 25, 2022, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

 /s/ FORVIS, LLP

(formerly BKD, LLP)

Little Rock, Arkansas

November 4, 2022

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Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

As permitted by SEC rules, management presents a sequential quarterly analysis of the Company’s performance as we believe that comparing current quarter results to those of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is more useful in identifying current business trends and provides a more relevant analysis of our business results than comparing to the same period in the prior year. Accordingly, we have compared our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2022, as applicable, throughout this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. For additional information regarding the Company’s results for the three months ended June 30, 2022, please refer to our second quarter Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 5, 2022.

OVERVIEW

Our net income for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $80.6 million, or $0.63 diluted earnings per share, increases of $53.1 million and $0.42, respectively, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. Included in both period end results were certain items related to our acquisitions and branch right sizing initiatives, while the results for the three months ended September 30, 2022 also include adjustments for the loss from early retirement of trust preferred securities and the gain on sale of intellectual property, and results for the three months ended June 30, 2022 also include Day 2 accounting provision required for loans and unfunded commitments acquired in connection with the Spirit acquisition. Excluding these certain items, adjusted earnings for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were $82.3 million, or $0.64 adjusted diluted earnings per share, compared to $66.8 million, or $0.52 adjusted diluted earnings per share for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

Net income for the first nine months of 2022 was $173.2 million, or $1.40 diluted earnings per share, compared to $222.9 million, or $2.05 diluted earnings per share, for the same period in 2021. In addition to the certain items referenced above, gains associated with the sale of branch operations were included in the results for the first nine months of 2021. Excluding these certain items, year-to-date adjusted earnings were $216.3 million, a decrease of $2.5 million compared to the same period in the prior year. Adjusted diluted earnings per share for the first nine months of 2022 were $1.75 compared to $2.01 for the same period in 2021.

Third quarter results were strong and demonstrate our ability to navigate the current economic environment and volatile market conditions. Highlights for the quarter include an increase in revenue, well contained operating expense growth, improved asset quality, strong organic loan growth, marked improvement in the efficiency ratio, expansion of the net interest margin, and excellent capital ratios.

On April 8, 2022 we completed our acquisition of Spirit, headquartered in Conroe, Texas, including its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Spirit of Texas Bank SSB. We were able to obtain all necessary approvals, consummate the transaction and successfully complete the systems conversion less than five months after the announcement, which we believe speaks to the outstanding team we have developed. See Note 2, Acquisitions, in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to this acquisition.

Simmons Bank was named to Forbes magazine’s list of “World’s Best Banks” for the third consecutive year and ranked among the top 45 banks in Forbes’ list of “America’s Best Banks” for 2022 and our Chief Digital Officer was recently recognized by American Banker as a 2022 Digital Banker of the Year. We continue to work to develop new and innovative products and services using digital channels to provide an enhanced customer experience to “bank when you want, where you want”.

Asset quality metrics remain at historically low-levels and reflect our conservative credit culture, as well as the impact of our strategic decision in 2019 designed to de-risk certain elements of loan portfolios that were acquired in connection with our geographic diversification and expansion. As a result of this strategic decision, over the past two years we have prudently and systematically exited certain non-relationship credits and non-core industries while also significantly reducing its exposure to commercial real estate to more acceptable levels. Total nonperforming loans as of September 30, 2022, December 31, 2021, and September 30, 2021 were $57.8 million, $68.6 million, and $59.4 million, respectively. Non-performing assets, including troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) and acquired foreclosed assets, as a percent of total assets were 0.24% at September 30, 2022, compared to 0.33% at December 31, 2021 and 0.33% at September 30, 2021.

Stockholders’ equity as of September 30, 2022 was $3.16 billion, book value per share was $24.87 and tangible book value per share was $13.51. Our ratio of common stockholders’ equity to total assets was 11.66% and the ratio of tangible common stockholders’ equity to tangible assets was 6.69% at September 30, 2022. The Company’s Tier 1 leverage ratio of 9.24%, as well as our other regulatory capital ratios, remain significantly above the “well capitalized” guidelines (see Table 12 in the Capital section of this Item). In January 2022, our Board of Directors authorized the 2022 Program, which replaced the 2019 Program and under which we may repurchase up to $175.0 million of its Class A common stock currently issued and outstanding. We repurchased approximately 1.9 million shares of our common stock under the 2022 Program during the third quarter of 2022.

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Total loans were $15.61 billion at September 30, 2022, compared to $12.01 billion at December 31, 2021.The increase in total loans during these periods primarily reflects the acquisition of Spirit during the second quarter of 2022. Net loan growth has also been driven by increased activity throughout our geographic footprint.

While activity in our commercial pipeline slowed to $1.55 billion due to, in large part, the impact of the rapidly rising interest rates and our emphasis on maintaining prudent underwriting standards and pricing discipline, our unfunded commitments increased for the sixth consecutive quarter to $5.14 billion, and were up 15% from the prior quarter end. Our strategy of restructuring our loan portfolio over the past two years not only diversified the risk profile but also established capacity which should provide the foundation for additional loan and revenue growth, and which is evident in our loan pipeline and unfunded commitments. Our liquidity is solid, and our capital is strong.

In our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operation in this Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” we provide certain financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with US GAAP. We believe the presentation of non-GAAP financial measures provides a meaningful basis for period-to-period and company-to-company comparisons, which we believe will assist investors and analysts in analyzing the adjusted financial measures of the Company and predicting future performance. See the GAAP Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures section below for additional discussion and reconciliations of non-GAAP measures.

Simmons First National Corporation is a Mid-South based financial holding company that, as of September 30, 2022, has approximately $27.1 billion in consolidated assets and, through its subsidiaries, conducts financial operations in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Overview

We follow accounting and reporting policies that conform, in all material respects, to US GAAP and to general practices within the financial services industry. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. While we base estimates on historical experience, current information and other factors deemed to be relevant, actual results could differ from those estimates.

We consider accounting estimates to be critical to reported financial results if (i) the accounting estimate requires management to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain and (ii) different estimates that management reasonably could have used for the accounting estimate in the current period, or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, could have a material impact on our financial statements. 

The accounting policies that we view as critical to us are those relating to estimates and judgments regarding (a) the determination of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, (b) acquisition accounting and valuation of loans, (c) the valuation of goodwill and the useful lives applied to intangible assets, (d) the valuation of stock-based compensation plans and (e) income taxes.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of lifetime expected losses based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, historical loss experience, and other qualitative considerations. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for expected credit losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. Our allowance for credit loss methodology includes reserve factors calculated to estimate current expected credit losses to amortized cost balances over the remaining contractual life of the portfolio, adjusted for prepayments, in accordance with ASC Topic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. Accordingly, the methodology is based on our reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, historical loss experience, and other qualitative adjustments. For further information see the section Allowance for Credit Losses below.

Our evaluation of the allowance for credit losses is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates. The actual amounts of credit losses realized in the near term could differ from the amounts estimated in arriving at the allowance for credit losses reported in the financial statements.

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Acquisition Accounting, Loans

We account for our acquisitions under ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, which requires the use of the acquisition method of accounting. All identifiable assets acquired, including loans, are recorded at fair value. The fair value for acquired loans at the time of acquisition is based on a variety of factors including discounted expected cash flows, adjusted for estimated prepayments and credit losses. In accordance with ASC 326, the fair value adjustment is recorded as a premium or discount to the unpaid principal balance of each acquired loan. Loans that have been identified as having experienced a more-than-insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination are purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans. The net premium or discount on PCD loans is adjusted by our allowance for credit losses recorded at the time of acquisition. The remaining net premium or discount is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using a constant yield method. The net premium or discount on loans that are not classified as PCD (“non-PCD”), that includes credit and non-credit components, is accreted or amortized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using a constant yield method. We then record the necessary allowance for credit losses on the non-PCD loans through provision for credit losses expense.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Other intangible assets represent purchased assets that also lack physical substance but can be separately distinguished from goodwill because of contractual or other legal rights or because the asset is capable of being sold or exchanged either on its own or in combination with a related contract, asset or liability. We perform an annual goodwill impairment test, and more than annually if circumstances warrant, in accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, as amended by ASU 2011-08 – Testing Goodwill for Impairment and ASU 2017-04 - Intangibles – Goodwill and Other. ASC Topic 350 requires that goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite lives be reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if certain conditions occur. Our assessment depends on several assumptions which are dependent on market and economic conditions. Impairment losses on recorded goodwill, if any, will be recorded as operating expenses.

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

We have adopted various stock-based compensation plans. The plans provide for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance stock units. Pursuant to the plans, shares are reserved for future issuance by the Company upon exercise of stock options or awarding of restricted stock, restricted stock units or performance stock units granted to directors, officers and other key employees.

In accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, the fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model that uses various assumptions. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, changes to which can materially affect the fair value estimate. For additional information, see Note 16, Stock-Based Compensation, in the accompanying Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report.

Income Taxes

We are subject to the federal income tax laws of the United States, and the tax laws of the states and other jurisdictions where we conduct business. Due to the complexity of these laws, taxpayers and the taxing authorities may subject these laws to different interpretations. Management must make conclusions and estimates about the application of these innately intricate laws, related regulations, and case law. When preparing the Company’s income tax returns, management attempts to make reasonable interpretations of the tax laws. Taxing authorities have the ability to challenge management’s analysis of the tax law or any reinterpretation management makes in its ongoing assessment of facts and the developing case law. Management assesses the reasonableness of its effective tax rate quarterly based on its current estimate of net income and the applicable taxes expected for the full year. On a quarterly basis, management also reviews circumstances and developments in tax law affecting the reasonableness of deferred tax assets and liabilities and reserves for contingent tax liabilities.

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NET INTEREST INCOME

Overview

Net interest income, our principal source of earnings, is the difference between the interest income generated by earning assets and the total interest cost of the deposits and borrowings obtained to fund those assets. Factors that determine the level of net interest income include the volume of earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, yields earned and rates paid, the level of non-performing loans and the amount of noninterest bearing liabilities supporting earning assets. Net interest income is analyzed in the discussion and tables below on a fully taxable equivalent basis. The adjustment to convert certain income to a fully taxable equivalent basis consists of dividing tax-exempt income by one minus the combined federal and state income tax rate of 26.135%.

Our practice is to limit exposure to interest rate movements by maintaining a significant portion of earning assets and interest bearing liabilities in short-term repricing. In the last several years, on average, approximately 43% of our loan portfolio and approximately 78% of our time deposits have repriced in one year or less. As of September 30, 2022, our interest rate sensitivity shows that approximately 41% of our loans and 85% of our time deposits will reprice in the next year.

Net Interest Income - Sequential Quarter Analysis

For the three month period ended September 30, 2022, net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis was $199.8 million, an increase of $8.6 million, or 4.5%, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in net interest income was primarily the result of a $25.9 million increase in fully tax equivalent interest income partially offset by a $17.3 million increase in interest expense.

The increase in interest income primarily resulted from a $23.9 million increase in interest income on loans, coupled with an increase of $3.1 million in interest income on investment securities. Regarding the increase in interest income on loans during the third quarter of 2022, the increase in loan volume resulted in an increase of $9.9 million, in addition to an increase of $14.0 million of interest income from a 32 basis point increase in loan yield. The loan yield for the third quarter of 2022 was 4.86% compared to 4.54% from the preceding sequential quarter. The additional loan volume was due to strong organic loan growth which was widespread across our geographic markets. The increase in both loan and investment yield was due to the rising rate environment and was also positively impacted by a significant decrease in the level of variable rate loans and securities at or below their interest rate floors during the quarter.

The $17.3 million increase in interest expense is mostly due to the increase in deposit account rates, as we continue to manage the challenging rising rate environment. Interest expense increased $15.0 million due to the increase in rate of 40 basis points on interest-bearing deposit accounts. Additionally, interest expense increased $1.7 million due to the increase in rate of 58 basis points on other borrowings.

Net Interest Income - Year-over-Year Analysis

For the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis was $542.2 million, an increase of $90.1 million, or 19.9%, over the same period in 2021. The increase in net interest income was the result of a $101.1 million increase in fully tax equivalent interest income partially offset by an $11.0 million increase in interest expense.

The increase in interest income during the nine month period ended September 30, 2022 resulted from increases in interest income on loans and investments. The increase in interest income on loans of $61.3 million reflects an increase in loan volume of $74.0 million partially offset by a 14 basis point decline in loan yield that resulted in a $12.7 million decrease. The increase in our loan volume during the first nine months of 2022 was primarily due to the Spirit acquisition in the second quarter of 2022, along with the acquisition of Landmark and Triumph in the fourth quarter of 2021, as well as organic loan growth. Forgiveness of PPP loans partially offset the additional loan volume provided by these acquisitions. The decline in loan yield for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in 2021 is primarily due to an 8 basis point positive impact of PPP loan accretion on loan yield in 2021. The increase in interest income on investment securities of $29.9 million was due to our investment portfolio average balances which increased by $2.1 billion or 32.8%, as we re-invested excess liquidity in our investment security portfolio throughout 2021. Additionally, an aggregated increase of $6.9 million in interest income on investment securities was due to yield increases over the nine month period of 18 basis points and 5 basis points for our taxable and non-taxable investment security portfolios, respectively.

The $11.0 million increase in interest expense is mainly due to the increase in our deposit account rates. Interest expense increased $2.4 million due to the increase in deposit volume over the period and increased $6.5 million due to the increase in rate of 4 basis points on interest-bearing deposit accounts. Impacts to our balance sheet that affected interest expense during the nine

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month period ended September 30, 2022, as compared to the same period ended September 30, 2021, include the Spirit, Landmark and Triumph acquisitions noted above, as well as a rising interest rate environment throughout 2022, as the market experiences a shift in consumer sentiment given the attractiveness of higher yielding time deposits in the current higher interest rate environment. We continually monitor and look for opportunities to fairly reprice our deposits while remaining competitive in this current challenging rate environment.

Net Interest Margin

Our net interest margin on a fully tax equivalent basis increased 10 basis points to 3.34% for the three month period ended September 30, 2022, when compared to 3.24% for the three months ended June 30, 2022. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, our net interest margin increased 21 basis points to 3.12% when compared to 2.91% for the same period in 2021.

The increase in the net interest margin during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 was primarily due to the rising rate environment and driven by increases in our loan and investment rates. The increase in net interest margin on a year-over-year basis is primarily due to the overall increase in our earning assets average balances over the comparative periods which has improved interest income, coupled with the effective management of our interest bearing liabilities, as we continued our effort to improve the mix of deposits into lower cost deposits and manage rates effectively.

Net Interest Income Tables

Tables 1 and 2 reflect an analysis of net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Table 1: Analysis of Net Interest Margin

(FTE = Fully Taxable Equivalent using an effective tax rate of 26.135%)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,			June 30,			September 30,			September 30,
(In thousands)	2022			2022			2022			2021
Interest income	$	230,618		$	204,806		$	597,151		$	500,329
FTE adjustment	6,203			6,096			17,901			13,652
Interest income – FTE	236,821			210,902			615,052			513,981
Interest expense	37,033			19,707			72,861			61,878
Net interest income – FTE	$	199,788		$	191,195		$	542,191		$	452,103
Yield on earning assets – FTE	3.96		%	3.57		%	3.54		%	3.31		%
Cost of interest bearing liabilities	0.85		%	0.46		%	0.57		%	0.54		%
Net interest spread – FTE	3.11		%	3.11		%	2.97		%	2.77		%
Net interest margin – FTE	3.34		%	3.24		%	3.12		%	2.91		%

Table 2: Changes in Fully Taxable Equivalent Net Interest Margin 

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
(In thousands)	September 30, 2022 compared to June 30, 2022		September 30, 2022 compared to September 30, 2021
Increase due to change in earning assets	$	6,054	$	101,305
Increase (decrease) due to change in earning asset yields	19,865		(234)
Decrease due to change in interest bearing liabilities	(101)		(1,900)
Decrease due to change in interest rates paid on interest bearing liabilities	(17,225)		(9,083)
Increase in net interest income	$	8,593	$	90,088

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Table 3 shows, for each major category of earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, the average (computed on a daily basis) amount outstanding, the interest earned or expensed on such amount and the average rate earned or expensed for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and June 30, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The table also shows the average rate earned on all earning assets, the average rate expensed on all interest bearing liabilities, the net interest spread and the net interest margin for the same periods. The analysis is presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis. Nonaccrual loans were included in average loans for the purpose of calculating the rate earned on total loans.

Table 3: Average Balance Sheets and Net Interest Income Analysis

(FTE = Fully Taxable Equivalent using an effective tax rate of 26.135%)

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2022					June 30, 2022
	Average		Income/		Yield/	Average		Income/		Yield/
(In thousands)	Balance		Expense		Rate (%)	Balance		Expense		Rate (%)
ASSETS
Earning assets:
Interest bearing balances due from banks and federal funds sold	$	327,841	$	1,141	1.38	$	777,098	$	1,117	0.58
Investment securities - taxable	5,408,189		24,848		1.82	5,674,470		21,794		1.54
Investment securities - non-taxable	2,665,515		21,805		3.25	2,725,610		21,733		3.20
Mortgage loans held for sale	13,280		178		5.32	17,173		200		4.67
Other loans held for sale	9,439		998		41.95	22,114		2,063		37.42
Loans - including fees	15,320,833		187,851		4.86	14,478,183		163,995		4.54
Total interest earning assets	23,745,097		236,821		3.96	23,694,648		210,902		3.57
Non-earning assets	3,123,634					3,074,384
Total assets	$	26,868,731				$	26,769,032
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing transaction and savings deposits	$	12,264,655	$	17,225	0.56	$	12,807,502	$	6,879	0.22
Time deposits	3,314,948		8,204		0.98	2,586,567		2,875		0.45
Total interest bearing deposits	15,579,603		25,429		0.65	15,394,069		9,754		0.25
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	196,047		305		0.62	210,280		119		0.23
Other borrowings	1,123,797		6,048		2.14	1,241,501		4,844		1.56
Subordinated debt and debentures	411,018		5,251		5.07	418,327		4,990		4.78
Total interest bearing liabilities	17,310,465		37,033		0.85	17,264,177		19,707		0.46
Noninterest bearing liabilities:
Noninterest bearing deposits	6,022,899					5,926,304
Other liabilities	243,296					216,848
Total liabilities	23,576,660					23,407,329
Stockholders’ equity	3,292,071					3,361,703
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	26,868,731				$	26,769,032
Net interest spread – FTE					3.11					3.11
Net interest margin – FTE			$	199,788	3.34			$	191,195	3.24

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	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022					September 30, 2021
	Average		Income/		Yield/	Average		Income/		Yield/
(In thousands)	Balance		Expense		Rate (%)	Balance		Expense		Rate (%)
ASSETS
Earning assets:
Interest bearing balances due from banks and federal funds sold	$	939,411	$	2,907	0.41	$	2,676,911	$	2,212	0.11
Investment securities - taxable	5,589,298		64,791		1.55	4,081,927		41,790		1.37
Investment securities - non-taxable	2,744,644		64,474		3.14	2,193,431		50,737		3.09
Mortgage loans held for sale	19,309		568		3.93	59,362		1,255		2.83
Other loans held for sale	10,552		3,061		38.78	—		—		—
Loans - including fees	13,910,831		479,251		4.61	11,772,077		417,987		4.75
Total interest earning assets	23,214,045		615,052		3.54	20,783,708		513,981		3.31
Non-earning assets	2,948,091					2,302,279
Total assets	$	26,162,136				$	23,085,987
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
Interest bearing liabilities:
Interest bearing transaction and savings deposits	$	12,385,888	$	28,418	0.31	$	10,377,609	$	15,178	0.20
Time deposits	2,718,145		13,582		0.67	2,871,519		17,899		0.83
Total interest bearing deposits	15,104,033		42,000		0.37	13,249,128		33,077		0.33
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	208,090		492		0.32	255,684		507		0.27
Other borrowings	1,233,534		15,671		1.70	1,339,970		14,592		1.46
Subordinated debt and debentures	404,609		14,698		4.86	383,078		13,702		4.78
Total interest bearing liabilities	16,950,266		72,861		0.57	15,227,860		61,878		0.54
Noninterest bearing liabilities:
Noninterest bearing deposits	5,714,412					4,684,485
Other liabilities	222,715					165,694
Total liabilities	22,887,393					20,078,039
Stockholders’ equity	3,274,743					3,007,948
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	26,162,136				$	23,085,987
Net interest spread – FTE					2.97					2.77
Net interest margin – FTE			$	542,191	3.12			$	452,103	2.91

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Table 4 shows changes in interest income and interest expense resulting from changes in both volume and interest rates for the three months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 and the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The changes in interest rate and volume have been allocated to changes in average volume and changes in average rates in proportion to the relationship of absolute dollar amounts of the changes in rates and volume.

Table 4: Volume/Rate Analysis 

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	September 30, 2022 compared to June 30, 2022						September 30, 2022 compared to September 30, 2021
(In thousands, on a fully taxable equivalent basis)	Volume		Yield/ Rate		Total		Volume		Yield/ Rate		Total
Increase (decrease) in:
Interest income:
Interest bearing balances due from banks and federal funds sold	$	(911)	$	935	$	24	$	(2,190)	$	2,885	$	695
Investment securities - taxable	(1,062)		4,116		3,054		16,935		6,066		23,001
Investment securities - non-taxable	(485)		557		72		12,936		801		13,737
Mortgage loans held for sale	(49)		27		(22)		(1,057)		370		(687)
Other loans held for sale	(1,310)		245		(1,065)		680		2,381		3,061
Loans - including fees	9,871		13,985		23,856		74,001		(12,737)		61,264
Total	6,054		19,865		25,919		101,305		(234)		101,071
Interest expense:
Interest bearing transaction and savings accounts	(304)		10,650		10,346		3,361		9,879		13,240
Time deposits	996		4,333		5,329		(916)		(3,401)		(4,317)
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(9)		195		186		(103)		88		(15)
Other borrowings	(494)		1,698		1,204		(1,221)		2,300		1,079
Subordinated notes and debentures	(88)		349		261		779		217		996
Total	101		17,225		17,326		1,900		9,083		10,983
Increase (decrease) in net interest income	$	5,953	$	2,640	$	8,593	$	99,405	$	(9,317)	$	90,088

PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The provision for credit losses represents management’s determination of the amount necessary to be charged against the current period’s earnings in order to maintain the allowance for credit losses at a level considered appropriate in relation to the estimated lifetime risk inherent in the loan portfolio. The level of provision to the allowance is based on management’s judgment, with consideration given to the composition, maturity and other qualitative characteristics of the portfolio, assessment of current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts, past due and non-performing loans and historical net credit loss experience. It is management’s practice to review the allowance on a monthly basis and, after considering the factors previously noted, to determine the level of provision made to the allowance.

The provision for credit losses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was an expense of $103,000 as compared to an expense of $33.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s provision for credit losses was $14.0 million as compared to a recapture of $31.4 million for the same period ended September 30, 2021.

During the three month period ended September 30, 2022, provision expense included the recapture of credit losses primarily driven by a reduction in qualitative factors for the restaurant, hospitality, student housing and office space industries due to the improvement from pandemic related stresses as well as improved credit quality metrics. This recapture was offset by the additional reserve for unfunded commitments related to an overall increase in unfunded commitments, primarily made up of

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commercial construction loans, which receive a higher reserve allocation than other loans. The change for the three month period ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the preceding quarter is primarily due to the Spirit acquisition and the related Day 2 provision expense for the acquired loans and additional unfunded commitments added to the Company’s portfolio during the three month period ended June 30, 2022.

The provision for credit losses for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022 reflected the adjustments due to the Spirit Day 2 provision discussed above, offset by improved credit quality metrics and improved macroeconomic factors. The recapture of credit losses for the nine month period ended September 30, 2021 was driven by improved credit quality metrics and improved macroeconomic factors.

NONINTEREST INCOME

Noninterest income is principally derived from recurring fee income, which includes service charges, wealth management fees and debit and credit card fees. Noninterest income also includes income on the sale of mortgage loans, income from the increase in cash surrender values of bank owned life insurance and gains (losses) from sales of securities.

Total noninterest income was $43.0 million for the three month period ended September 30, 2022, an increase of approximately $2.8 million, or 7.1%, as compared to the three month period ended June 30, 2022, primarily driven by the incremental increases in service charges on deposit accounts and wealth management fees.

For the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, total noninterest income was $125.4 million, a decrease of approximately $19.8 million, or 13.6%, compared to the same period in 2021, primarily due to decreases in the gains on sale of securities, gains on sale of branches and mortgage lending income. During the first nine months of 2021, we sold approximately $342.6 million of investment securities resulting in a net gain of $15.8 million. Additionally, the Company recognized $5.3 million on the gain on sale of branches, which we exclude from adjusted earnings, during the first nine months of 2021, primarily related to the sale of Illinois branches. A decrease of $7.4 million in mortgage lending income for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022 was due to the higher interest rate environment and softening market conditions.

An increase of $3.3 million in service charges on deposit accounts and an increase of $2.6 million in debit and credit card fees partially offset the overall decrease in noninterest income during the first nine months of 2022 as a result of the additional customer base from the Landmark, Triumph and Spirit acquisitions and additional transactions due to the changes in customer spending habits, respectively.

Table 5 shows noninterest income for the three month period ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three month period ended June 30, 2022 and the nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Table 5: Noninterest Income

	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Sept. 30,		June 30,		Change			Sept. 30,		Sept. 30,		Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2022		2022		$		%	2022		2021		$		%
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	12,560	$	11,379	$	1,181	10.4%	$	34,635	$	31,322	$	3,313	10.6%
Debit and credit card fees	7,685		8,224		(539)		(6.6)	23,358		20,785		2,573		12.4
Wealth management fees	8,562		7,214		1,348		18.7	23,744		23,130		614		2.7
Mortgage lending income	2,593		2,240		353		15.8	9,383		16,755		(7,372)		(44.0)
Bank owned life insurance income	2,902		2,563		339		13.2	8,171		6,134		2,037		33.2
Other service charges and fees	2,085		1,871		214		11.4	5,593		5,934		(341)		(5.8)
Gain (loss) on sale of securities, net	(22)		(150)		128		*	(226)		15,846		(16,072)		*
Gain on sale of branches	—		—		—		—	—		5,316		(5,316)		*
Other income	6,658		6,837		(179)		(2.6)	20,761		19,992		769		3.9
Total noninterest income	$	43,023	$	40,178	$	2,845	7.1%	$	125,419	$	145,214	$	(19,795)	(13.6)%

Recurring fee income (total service charges, wealth management fees, debit and credit card fees) for the three month period ended September 30, 2022 was $30.9 million, an increase of $2.2 million as compared to the three month period ended June 30, 2022. Recurring fee income for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, was $87.3 million, an increase of $6.2 million from the nine month period ended September 30, 2021. The increases in the periods presented are primarily the result of changes in total service charges and debit and credit card fees, previously discussed as well as the recent acquisitions.

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NONINTEREST EXPENSE

Noninterest expense consists of salaries and employee benefits, occupancy, equipment, foreclosure losses and other expenses necessary for our operations. Management remains committed to controlling the level of noninterest expense through the continued use of expense control measures. We utilize an extensive profit planning and reporting system involving all subsidiaries. Based on a needs assessment of the business plan for the upcoming year, monthly and annual profit plans are developed, including manpower and capital expenditure budgets. These profit plans are subject to extensive initial reviews and monitored by management monthly. Variances from the plan are reviewed monthly and, when required, management takes corrective action intended to ensure financial goals are met. We also regularly monitor staffing levels at each subsidiary to ensure productivity and overhead are in line with existing workload requirements.

For the three month period ended September 30, 2022, noninterest expense was $138.9 million, a decrease of $17.9 million, or 11.4%, from the three month period ended June 30, 2022. Noninterest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $424.2 million, an increase of $82.2 million, or 24.0%, from the same period in 2021.

Salaries and employee benefits expense decreased $2.2 million during the three month period ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the preceding sequential quarter and increased $31.5 million during the nine month period September 30, 2022 as compared to same period in 2021. The decrease for the three month period reflects incentive accrual adjustments, while the increase for the nine month period includes impacts from the Landmark, Triumph and Spirit acquisitions. In addition, the Bank has added associates in our lending, wealth and mortgage programs.

Merger related costs for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 and nine months ended September 30, 2021, decreased by $17.7 million and increased by $20.1 million, respectively, and is primarily related to the timing of the Spirit acquisition which was completed during the three months ended June 30, 2022. See Note 2, Acquisitions, in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to this acquisition. Adjusted noninterest expense, which excludes branch right sizing and merger related costs, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, decreased $1.0 million, or 0.8%, and increased $57.5 million, or 16.8%, respectively, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Marketing expense decreased by $2.1 million during the three month period ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 and increased by $8.6 million during the nine month period ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease during the three month period ended September 30, 2022 was primarily related to a nonrecurrent $1.6 million contribution to the Simmons First Foundation Conservation Fund during the three months ended June 30, 2022, reflecting a portion of paper statement fees collected as part of a promotion to encourage customers to enroll in eStatements. The increase during the nine month period ended September 30, 2022 includes the previously mentioned contribution related to paper statement fees, in addition to increased advertising and public relations expenses, including a multi-university corporate sponsorship program designed to support female student athletes and serve as a program for developing women leaders in the corporate world.

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Table 6 below shows noninterest expense for the three month period ended September 30, 2022 as compared to the three month period ended June 30, 2022 and the nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Table 6: Noninterest Expense 

	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Sept. 30,		June 30,		Change			Sept. 30,		Sept. 30,		Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2022		2022		$		%	2022		2021		$		%
Salaries and employee benefits	$	71,923	$	74,135	$	(2,212)	(3.0)%	$	213,964	$	182,503	$	31,461	17.2%
Occupancy expense, net	11,674		11,004		670		6.1	32,701		27,764		4,937		17.8
Furniture and equipment expense	5,394		5,104		290		5.7	15,273		15,169		104		0.7
Other real estate and foreclosure expense	168		142		26		18.3	653		1,545		(892)		(57.7)
Deposit insurance	3,278		2,812		466		16.6	7,928		4,865		3,063		63.0
Merger related costs	1,422		19,133		(17,711)		*	22,441		2,320		20,121		*
Other operating expenses:
Professional services	4,339		4,202		137		3.3	13,987		14,207		(220)		(1.6)
Postage	2,385		2,217		168		7.6	6,728		6,277		451		7.2
Telephone	1,668		1,695		(27)		(1.6)	4,921		4,758		163		3.4
Debit and credit card	3,149		3,037		112		3.7	8,892		7,588		1,304		17.2
Marketing	6,662		8,754		(2,092)		(23.9)	21,556		12,912		8,644		67.0
Software and technology	10,340		10,078		262		2.6	30,565		30,242		323		1.1
Operating supplies	441		713		(272)		(38.2)	1,852		2,013		(161)		(8.0)
Amortization of intangibles	4,225		4,096		129		3.2	11,807		10,008		1,799		18.0
Branch right sizing	1,170		292		878		*	2,371		(2,187)		4,558		*
Other	10,705		9,399		1,306		13.9	28,534		22,008		6,526		29.6
Total noninterest expense	$	138,943	$	156,813	$	(17,870)	(11.4)%	$	424,173	$	341,992	$	82,181	24.0%

*    Not meaningful

INVESTMENTS AND SECURITIES

Our securities portfolio is the second largest component of earning assets and provides a significant source of revenue. Securities within the portfolio are classified as either HTM or AFS. Our philosophy regarding investments is conservative based on investment type and maturity. Investments in the portfolio primarily include U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. Government agencies, MBS and municipal securities. Our general policy is not to invest in derivative type investments or high-risk securities, except for collateralized MBS for which collection of principal and interest is not subordinated to significant superior rights held by others.

HTM and AFS investment securities were $3.8 billion and $3.9 billion, respectively, at September 30, 2022, compared to the HTM amount of $1.5 billion and AFS amount of $7.1 billion at December 31, 2021. We will continue to look for opportunities to maximize the value of the investment portfolio.

During our second quarter review of the Company’s balance sheet composition, liquidity and capital levels, along with our analysis of the macroeconomic factors influencing interest rates, we determined the need to reclassify certain securities from the AFS portfolio to the HTM portfolio. During the quarter ended June 30, 2022, the Company transferred, at fair value, $1.99 billion of securities from the AFS portfolio to the HTM portfolio. Previously, during the quarter ended September 30, 2021, the Company transferred, at fair value, $500.8 million of securities from AFS to HTM. The related remaining net unrealized losses of $148.3 million and net unrealized gains of $738,000, respectively, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are being amortized over the remaining life of the securities. No gains or losses on these securities were recognized at the time of transfer.

Management has the ability and intent to hold the securities classified as HTM until they mature, at which time we expect to receive full value for the securities. The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost bases of the investments. Furthermore, as of September 30, 2022, management also had the ability and intent to hold the securities classified as AFS for a period of time sufficient for a recovery of cost. The unrealized losses are largely due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the underlying securities were purchased. The fair value is expected to recover as the bonds approach their maturity date or repricing date or if market yields for such investments decline. Management does not believe any of the securities are impaired due to reasons of credit quality.

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During the third quarter of 2021, the Company began utilizing interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges to mitigate the effect of changing interest rates on the fair values of $1.0 billion of fixed rate callable municipal securities held in the AFS portfolio. These swap agreements involve the payment of fixed interest rates with a weighted average of 1.21% in exchange for variable interest rates based on federal funds rates and consist of a two year forward start date and maturity dates varying between 2028 and 2029.

Table 7: Maturity Distribution of Investment Securities

Table 7 reflects the amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities at September 30, 2022, by contractual maturity and the weighted average yields (for tax-exempt obligations on a fully taxable equivalent basis, assuming a 26.135% tax rate) of such securities and is presented due to the reclassification of certain securities during the quarter. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	September 30, 2022
				Over			Over
				1 year			5 years									Total
	1 year			through			through			Over			No fixed			Amortized			Par		Fair
(In thousands)	or less			5 years			10 years			10 years			maturity			Cost			Value		Value
Held-to-Maturity
U.S. Government agencies	$	—		$	—		$	57,027		$	390,373		$	—		$	447,400		$	480,246	$	349,529
Mortgage-backed securities	—			—			—			—			1,214,882			1,214,882			1,281,190		1,084,514
State and political subdivisions	4,519			6,545			16,404			1,837,842			—			1,865,310			1,877,163		1,324,283
Other securities	—			1,126			254,030			5,712			—			260,868			274,878		225,714
Total	$	4,519		$	7,671		$	327,461		$	2,233,927		$	1,214,882		$	3,788,460		$	3,913,477	$	2,984,040
Percentage of total	0.1		%	0.2		%	8.6		%	59.0		%	32.1		%	100.0		%
Weighted average yield	3.0		%	3.4		%	3.4		%	2.5		%	3.1		%	2.7		%
Available-for-Sale
U.S. Treasury	$	—		$	2,250		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	2,250		$	2,300	$	2,191
U.S. Government agencies	22			93,833			50,687			50,827			—			195,369			193,309		188,060
Mortgage-backed securities	—			—			—			—			2,959,882			2,959,882			2,900,916		2,670,348
State and political subdivisions	3,143			14,486			19,883			1,016,844			—			1,054,356			1,109,749		822,509
Other securities	—			73,624			198,162			—			488			272,274			271,855		254,435
Total	$	3,165		$	184,193		$	268,732		$	1,067,671		$	2,960,370		$	4,484,131		$	4,478,129	$	3,937,543
Percentage of total	0.1		%	4.1		%	6.0		%	23.8		%	66.0		%	100.0		%
Weighted average yield	2.2		%	2.2		%	3.7		%	2.2		%	1.8		%	2.0		%

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LOAN PORTFOLIO

Our loan portfolio averaged $13.91 billion and $11.77 billion during the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, total loans were $15.61 billion, an increase of $3.6 billion from December 31, 2021. The increase in the average loan balance during the first nine months of 2022 when compared to the same period in 2021 was due to the acquisitions of Spirit, Landmark and Triumph. See Note 2, Acquisitions, in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to these acquisitions. This period-to-period increase was partially offset by the decline in average PPP loan balance, which totaled $56.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as compared to $675.8 million for the same period ended September 30, 2021. The most significant components of the loan portfolio were loans to businesses (commercial loans, commercial real estate loans and agricultural loans) and individuals (consumer loans, credit card loans and single-family residential real estate loans).

We seek to manage our credit risk by diversifying our loan portfolio, determining that borrowers have adequate sources of cash flow for loan repayment without liquidation of collateral, obtaining and monitoring collateral, providing an appropriate allowance for credit losses and regularly reviewing loans through the internal loan review process. The loan portfolio is diversified by borrower, purpose, industry and geographic region. We seek to use diversification within the loan portfolio to reduce credit risk, thereby minimizing the adverse impact on the portfolio, if weaknesses develop in either the economy or a particular segment of borrowers. Collateral requirements are based on credit assessments of borrowers and may be used to recover the debt in case of default. We use the allowance for credit losses as a method to value the loan portfolio at its estimated collectible amount. Loans are regularly reviewed to facilitate the identification and monitoring of deteriorating credits.

The balances of loans outstanding at the indicated dates are reflected in Table 8, according to type of loan.

Table 8: Loan Portfolio 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	192,559	$	187,052
Other consumer	180,604		168,318
Total consumer	373,163		355,370
Real estate:
Construction and development	2,372,294		1,326,371
Single family residential	2,467,008		2,101,975
Other commercial	7,249,891		5,738,904
Total real estate	12,089,193		9,167,250
Commercial:
Commercial	2,525,218		1,992,043
Agricultural	263,539		168,717
Total commercial	2,788,757		2,160,760
Other	356,022		329,123
Total loans before allowance for credit losses	$	15,607,135	$	12,012,503

Consumer loans consist of credit card loans and other consumer loans. Consumer loans were $373.2 million at September 30, 2022, or 2.4% of total loans, compared to $355.4 million, or 3.0% of total loans at December 31, 2021. The increase in consumer loans from December 31, 2021, to September 30, 2022, was primarily due to the combined acquired and organic growth in direct consumer loans.

Real estate loans consist of C&D loans, single-family residential loans and CRE loans. Real estate loans were $12.09 billion at September 30, 2022, or 77.5% of total loans, compared to $9.17 billion, or 76.3%, of total loans at December 31, 2021, an increase of $2.92 billion, or 31.9%. Our C&D loans increased by $1.05 billion, or 78.9%, single family residential loans increased by $365.0 million, or 17.4%, and CRE loans increased by $1.51 billion, or 26.3%. The increases were largely due to the Spirit acquisition noted above, coupled with strong organic loan growth, particularly in the third quarter of 2022. In the near term, we expect to continue to manage our C&D and CRE portfolio concentration by developing deeper relationships with our customers.

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Commercial loans consist of non-real estate loans related to business and agricultural loans. Total commercial loans were $2.79 billion at September 30, 2022, or 17.9% of total loans, compared to $2.16 billion, or 18.0% of total loans at December 31, 2021, an increase of $628.0 million, or 29.1%, which was primarily due to the combined acquired and organic loan growth. Agricultural loans increased $94.8 million, or 56.2%, primarily due to seasonality of the portfolio, which normally peaks in the third quarter.

Other loans mainly consist of mortgage warehouse lending and municipal loans. Mortgage volume experienced a market driven decline during the first nine months of 2022 when compared to 2021, but was more than offset by the Spirit acquisition combined with organic growth, leading to an increase of $26.9 million in other loans.

Loan growth was widespread throughout our geographic markets and was generally broad-based by loan type and more than offset continued market-driven weakness in mortgage warehouse lending. We are seeing loan growth in our metro, community and corporate banking groups and continue to add new producers in these areas. Additionally, loan growth was weighted toward the latter half of the quarter as period-end loans exceeded average total loans of $15.32 billion for the third quarter of 2022. Our loan pipeline consisting of all loan opportunities was $1.55 billion at September 30, 2022 compared to $2.31 billion at December 31, 2021. Loans approved and ready to close at the end of the quarter totaled $551.8 million.

ASSET QUALITY

Non-performing loans are comprised of (a) nonaccrual loans, (b) loans that are contractually past due 90 days and (c) other loans for which terms have been restructured to provide a reduction or deferral of interest or principal, because of deterioration in the financial position of the borrower. Simmons Bank recognizes income principally on the accrual basis of accounting. When loans are classified as nonaccrual, generally, the accrued interest is charged off and no further interest is accrued. Loans, excluding credit card loans, are placed on a nonaccrual basis either: (1) when there are serious doubts regarding the collectability of principal or interest or (2) when payment of interest or principal is 90 days or more past due and either (i) not fully secured or (ii) not in the process of collection. If a loan is determined by management to be uncollectible, the portion of the loan determined to be uncollectible is then charged to the allowance for credit losses.

When credit card loans reach 90 days past due and there are attachable assets, the accounts are considered for litigation. Credit card loans are generally charged off when payment of interest or principal exceeds 150 days past due. The credit card recovery group pursues account holders until it is determined, on a case-by-case basis, to be uncollectible.

Total non-performing assets decreased $13.7 million from December 31, 2021 to September 30, 2022. Nonaccrual loans decreased by $10.7 million during the period and foreclosed assets held for sale and other real estate owned decreased by $2.4 million. The decrease in nonaccrual loans was primarily due to an improvement in economic conditions from pandemic related stresses.

Non-performing assets, including troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) and acquired foreclosed assets, as a percent of total assets were 0.24% at September 30, 2022, compared to 0.33% at December 31, 2021. From time to time, certain borrowers experience declines in income and cash flow. As a result, these borrowers seek to reduce contractual cash outlays, the most prominent being debt payments. In an effort to preserve our net interest margin and earning assets, we are open to working with existing customers in order to maximize the collectability of the debt.

When we restructure a loan for a borrower experiencing financial difficulty and grant a concession we would not otherwise consider, a “troubled debt restructuring” occurs and the loan is classified as a TDR. The Company grants various types of concessions, primarily interest rate reduction and/or payment modifications or extensions, with an occasional forgiveness of principal.

Once an obligation has been restructured due to such credit problems, it continues to be considered a TDR until paid in full; or, if an obligation yields a market interest rate and no longer has any concession regarding payment amount or amortization, then it is not considered a TDR at the beginning of the calendar year after the year in which the improvement takes place. Our TDR balance decreased to $4.9 million as of September 30, 2022, compared to $6.9 million as of December 31, 2021.

TDRs are individually evaluated for expected credit losses. We assess the exposure for each modification, using either the fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of expected cash flows, and determine if a specific allowance for credit losses is needed.

We return TDRs to accrual status only if (1) all contractual amounts due can reasonably be expected to be repaid within a prudent period, and (2) repayment has been in accordance with the contract for a sustained period, typically at least six months.

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We continue to maintain good asset quality compared to the industry and strong asset quality remains a primary focus of our strategy. The allowance for credit losses as a percent of total loans was 1.27% as of September 30, 2022. Non-performing loans equaled 0.37% of total loans. Non-performing assets were 0.23% of total assets, an 8 basis point decrease from December 31, 2021. The allowance for credit losses was 342% of non-performing loans. Our annualized net charge-offs to average total loans for the first nine months of 2022 was 0.07%. Annualized net credit card charge-offs to average total credit card loans were 1.41% for the first nine months of 2022, compared to 1.40% during the full year 2021, and 56 basis points better than the most recently published industry average charge-off ratio as reported by the Federal Reserve for all banks.

Table 9 presents information concerning non-performing assets, including nonaccrual loans at amortized cost and foreclosed assets held for sale. 

Table 9: Non-performing Assets 

	September 30,			December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2022			2021
Nonaccrual loans (1)	$	57,534		$	68,204
Loans past due 90 days or more (principal or interest payments)	242			349
Total non-performing loans	57,776			68,553
Other non-performing assets:
Foreclosed assets held for sale and other real estate owned	3,612			6,032
Other non-performing assets	1,146			1,667
Total other non-performing assets	4,758			7,699
Total non-performing assets	$	62,534		$	76,252
Performing TDRs	$	1,869		$	4,289
Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans	342		%	300		%
Non-performing loans to total loans	0.37		%	0.57		%
Non-performing assets (including performing TDRs) to total assets	0.24		%	0.33		%
Non-performing assets to total assets	0.23		%	0.31		%

_______________________________________

(1)Includes nonaccrual TDRs of approximately $3,027,000 at September 30, 2022 and $2,650,000 at December 31, 2021.

The interest income on nonaccrual loans is not considered material for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. 

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ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The allowance for credit losses is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense which represents management’s best estimate of lifetime expected losses based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, historical loss experience, and other qualitative considerations.

Loans with similar risk characteristics such as loan type, collateral type, and internal risk ratings are aggregated into homogeneous segments for assessment. Reserve factors are based on estimated probability of default and loss given default for each segment. The estimates are determined based on economic forecasts over the reasonable and supportable forecast period based on projected performance of economic variables that have a statistical correlation with the historical loss experience of the segments. For contractual periods that extend beyond the one-year forecast period, the estimates revert to average historical loss experiences over a one-year period on a straight-line basis.

We also include qualitative adjustments to the allowance based on factors and considerations that have not otherwise been fully accounted for. Qualitative adjustments include, but are not limited to:

•Changes in asset quality - Adjustments related to trending credit quality metrics including delinquency, non-performing loans, charge-offs, and risk ratings that may not be fully accounted for in the reserve factor.

•Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio - Adjustments related to current changes in the loan portfolio that are not fully represented or accounted for in the reserve factors.

•Changes in lending and loan monitoring policies and procedures - Adjustments related to current changes in lending and loan monitoring procedures as well as review of specific internal policy compliance metrics.

•Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff - Adjustments to measure increasing or decreasing credit risk related to lending and loan monitoring management.

•Changes in the value of underlying collateral of collateralized loans - Adjustments related to improving or deterioration of the value of underlying collateral that are not fully captured in the reserve factors.

•Changes in and the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit - Adjustments related to credit risk of specific industries that are not fully captured in the reserve factors.

•Changes in regional and local economic and business conditions and developments - Adjustments related to expected and current economic conditions at a regional or local-level that are not fully captured within our reasonable and supportable forecast.

•Data imprecision due to limited historical loss data - Adjustments related to limited historical loss data that is representative of the collective loan portfolio.

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. These evaluations are typically performed on loans with a deteriorated internal risk rating or that are classified as a TDR. The allowance for credit loss is determined based on several methods including estimating the fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of expected cash flows.

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An analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans is shown in Table 10.

Table 10: Allowance for Credit Losses 

(In thousands)	2022		2021
Balance, beginning of year	$	205,332	$	238,050
Loans charged off:
Credit card	2,827		2,759
Other consumer	1,438		1,577
Real estate	730		8,068
Commercial	8,880		2,099
Total loans charged off	13,875		14,503
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
Credit card	773		801
Other consumer	967		1,136
Real estate	2,799		3,995
Commercial	1,898		2,930
Total recoveries	6,437		8,862
Net loans charged off	7,438		5,641
Provision for credit losses	(5,405)		(29,901)
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans	5,100		—
Balance, September 30,	$	197,589	$	202,508
Loans charged off:
Credit card			866
Other consumer			476
Real estate			2,623
Commercial			8,514
Total loans charged off			12,479
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
Credit card			247
Other consumer			268
Real estate			915
Commercial			1,730
Total recoveries			3,160
Net loans charged off			9,319
Provision for credit losses			(1,308)
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans			13,451
Balance, end of year			$	205,332

Provision for Credit Losses

The amount of provision added to or released from the allowance during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and for the year ended December 31, 2021, was based on management’s judgment, with consideration given to the composition of the portfolio, historical loan loss experience, assessment of current economic forecasts and conditions, past due and non-performing loans and net loss experience. It is management’s practice to review the allowance on a monthly basis, and after considering the factors previously noted, to determine the level of provision made to the allowance. 

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Allowance for Credit Losses Allocation

As of September 30, 2022, the allowance for credit losses reflected a decrease of approximately $7.7 million from December 31, 2021 while total loans increased by $3.59 billion over the same nine month period. The allocation in each category within the allowance generally reflects the overall changes in the loan portfolio mix.

The decrease in the allowance for credit losses during the first nine months of 2022 was primarily due to improved credit quality metrics and improved macroeconomic factors, coupled with the planned exit of several large oil and gas relationships during the year. Additionally, there was a reduction of pandemic-era qualitative factors that were established based on unidentifiable risks with borrowers in at-risk industries. The decrease was partially offset due to the Spirit acquisition, which provided $2.29 billion in total loans after purchase accounting discounts. Our allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2022 was considered appropriate given the current economic environment and other related factors.

The following table sets forth the sum of the amounts of the allowance for credit losses attributable to individual loans within each category, or loan categories in general. The table also reflects the percentage of loans in each category to the total loan portfolio for each of the periods indicated. The allowance for credit losses by loan category is determined by i) our estimated reserve factors by category including applicable qualitative adjustments and ii) any specific allowance allocations that are identified on individually evaluated loans. The amounts shown are not necessarily indicative of the actual future losses that may occur within individual categories.

Table 11: Allocation of Allowance for Credit Losses

	September 30, 2022					December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)	Allowance Amount			% of loans (1)		Allowance Amount			% of loans (1)
Credit cards	$	7,075		1.2	%	$	3,987		1.6	%
Other consumer	3,360			1.2	%	2,676			1.4	%
Real estate	151,090			77.5	%	179,270			76.3	%
Commercial	32,108			17.8	%	17,458			18.0	%
Other	3,956			2.3	%	1,941			2.7	%
Total	$	197,589		100.0	%	$	205,332		100.0	%
Allowance for credit losses to period-end loans	1.27		%			1.71		%

_______________________________________

(1)Percentage of loans in each category to total loans.

DEPOSITS

Deposits are our primary source of funding for earning assets and are primarily developed through our network of 230 financial centers as of September 30, 2022. We offer a variety of products designed to attract and retain customers with a continuing focus on developing core deposits. Our core deposits consist of all deposits excluding time deposits of $250,000 or more and brokered deposits. As of September 30, 2022, core deposits comprised 86.1% of our total deposits.

We continually monitor the funding requirements along with competitive interest rates in the markets we serve. Because of our community banking philosophy, our executives in the local markets, with oversight by the Chief Deposit Officer, Asset Liability Committee and the Bank’s Treasury Department, establish the interest rates offered on both core and non-core deposits. This approach ensures that the interest rates being paid are competitively priced for each particular deposit product and structured to meet the funding requirements. We believe we are paying a competitive rate when compared with pricing in those markets.

We manage our interest expense through deposit pricing. We believe that additional funds can be attracted and deposit growth can be accelerated through deposit pricing if we experience increased loan demand or other liquidity needs. We can also utilize brokered deposits as an additional source of funding to meet liquidity needs. We are continually monitoring and looking for opportunities to fairly reprice our deposits while remaining competitive in this current challenging rate environment.

Our total deposits as of September 30, 2022, were $22.15 billion, an increase of $2.78 billion from December 31, 2021, primarily driven by the acquisition of Spirit, which contributed $2.72 billion, net of fair value adjustments. Noninterest bearing transaction

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accounts, interest bearing transaction accounts and savings accounts totaled $18.32 billion at September 30, 2022, compared to $16.91 billion at December 31, 2021, an increase of $1.41 billion. Total time deposits increased $1.37 billion to $3.83 billion at September 30, 2022, from $2.45 billion at December 31, 2021. We had $1.82 billion and $466.0 million of brokered deposits at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. These category increases were primarily related to the Spirit acquisition. We are managing our balance sheet and our net interest margin by continuing to eliminate several high-cost deposits related to public funds and brokered deposits as well as hone our product offerings to give customers flexibility of choice while maintaining the ability to adjust interest rates timely in the current rate environment.

OTHER BORROWINGS AND SUBORDINATED NOTES AND DEBENTURES

Our total debt was $1.33 billion and $1.72 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The outstanding balance for September 30, 2022 includes $934.1 million in FHLB short-term advances; $366.0 million in subordinated notes and unamortized debt issuance costs; and $30.6 million of other long-term debt.

All of the FHLB short-term advances outstanding at the end of the third quarter 2022 are FOTO advances which are a low cost, fixed-rate source of funding in return for granting to FHLB the flexibility to choose a termination date earlier than the maturity date. We continually analyze the possibility of the FHLB exercising the options along with the market expected rate outcome.

In March 2018, we issued $330 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes (“Notes”) at a public offering price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes. The Company incurred $3.6 million in debt issuance costs related to the offering. The Notes will mature on April 1, 2028 and are subordinated in right of payment to the payment of our other existing and future senior indebtedness, including all our general creditors. The Notes are obligations of the Company only and are not obligations of, and are not guaranteed by, any of its subsidiaries.

The Company assumed Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes in an aggregate principal amount, net of premium adjustments, of $37.4 million in connection with the Spirit acquisition in April 2022. The Spirit Notes will mature on July 31, 2030, and initially bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 6.00%, payable quarterly, in arrears, to, but excluding, July 31, 2025. From and including July 31, 2025, to, but excluding, the maturity date or earlier redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to a benchmark rate, which is expected to be the then-current three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (provided, that in the event the benchmark rate is less than zero, the benchmark rate will be deemed to be zero) plus 592 basis points, payable quarterly, in arrears.

During the third quarter of 2022, the Company redeemed the five issuances of trust preferred securities which had an outstanding aggregate principal amount of $56.2 million. The Company recorded a loss of $365,000 related to the early retirement of debt, which represented the unamortized purchase discounts associated with the previously acquired trust preferred securities.

CAPITAL

Overview

At September 30, 2022, total capital was $3.16 billion. Capital represents shareholder ownership in the Company – the book value of assets in excess of liabilities. At September 30, 2022, our common equity to asset ratio was 11.66% compared to 13.14% at year-end 2021.

Capital Stock

On February 27, 2009, at a special meeting, our shareholders approved an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation to establish 40,040,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value. The aggregate liquidation preference of all shares of preferred stock cannot exceed $80,000,000.

On October 29, 2019, we filed Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (“October Amended Articles”) with the Arkansas Secretary of State. The October Amended Articles classified and designated Series D Preferred Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share, out of our authorized preferred stock. On November 30, 2021, the Company redeemed all of the Series D Preferred Stock, including accrued and unpaid dividends.

On April 27, 2022, shareholders of the Company approved an increase in the number of authorized shares of its Class A common stock from 175,000,000 to 350,000,000.

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Stock Repurchase Program

Effective July 23, 2021, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s stock repurchase program originally approved in October 2019 (“2019 Program”) that increased the amount of our common stock that could be repurchased under the 2019 Program from a maximum of $180 million to a maximum of $276.5 million and extended the term of the 2019 Program from October 31, 2021, to October 31, 2022.

During January 2022, the Company substantially exhausted the remaining capacity under the 2019 Program. As a result, in January 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program (the “2022 Program”) under which the Company may repurchase up to $175.0 million of its Class A common stock currently issued and outstanding. The 2022 Program will terminate on January 31, 2024 (unless terminated sooner).

During the three month period ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 1,883,713 shares at an average price of $23.91 per share under the 2022 Program. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 513,725 shares at an average price of $31.25 per share under the 2019 Program and 3,919,037 shares at an average price of $24.26 per share under the 2022 Program, respectively. The 2022 Program repurchases were all completed during the second and third quarters of 2022. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2021, the Company repurchased 1,806,205 shares at an average price of $28.48 per share and 1,937,121 shares at an average price of $28.14 per share, respectively, under the 2019 Program.

Under the 2022 Program, which replaced the 2019 Program, the Company may repurchase shares of its common stock through open market and privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing, pricing, and amount of any repurchases under the 2022 Program will be determined by the Company’s management at its discretion based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, trading volume and market price of the Company’s common stock, corporate considerations, the Company’s working capital and investment requirements, general market and economic conditions, and legal requirements. The 2022 Program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any common stock and may be modified, discontinued, or suspended at any time without prior notice. The Company anticipates funding for this 2022 Program to come from available sources of liquidity, including cash on hand and future cash flow.

Cash Dividends

We declared cash dividends on our common stock of $0.57 per share for the first nine months of 2022 compared to $0.54 per share for the first nine months of 2021, an increase of $0.03, or 6%. The timing and amount of future dividends are at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our consolidated earnings, financial condition, liquidity and capital requirements, the amount of cash dividends paid to us by our subsidiaries, applicable government regulations and policies and other factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors anticipates that we will continue to pay quarterly dividends in amounts determined based on the factors discussed above. However, there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends on our common stock at the current levels or at all.

Parent Company Liquidity

The primary liquidity needs of the Parent Company are the payment of dividends to shareholders, the funding of debt obligations and cash needs for acquisitions. The primary sources for meeting these liquidity needs are the current cash on hand at the parent company and the future dividends received from Simmons Bank. Payment of dividends by Simmons Bank is subject to various regulatory limitations. See the Liquidity and Market Risk Management discussions of Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk of this Quarterly Report on Form 10Q for additional information regarding the parent company’s liquidity. The redemption of our trust preferred securities during the third quarter of 2022 did not have a meaningful impact on the Parent Company’s liquidity. We continually assess our capital and liquidity needs and the best way to meet them, including, without limitation, through capital raising in the market via stock or debt offerings.

Risk Based Capital

The Company and Simmons Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of our assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Our capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. The Company and Simmons Bank must hold a capital conservation buffer composed of

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common equity Tier 1 capital above its minimum risk-based capital requirements. Failure to meet this capital conservation buffer would result in additional limits on dividends, other distributions and discretionary bonuses.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require us to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total, Tier 1 and common equity Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined) and of Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). Management believes that, as of September 30, 2022, we meet all capital adequacy requirements to which we are subject. As of the most recent notification from regulatory agencies, Simmons Bank was well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Company and Simmons Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based, common equity Tier 1 risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution’s categories.

Our risk-based capital ratios at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are presented in Table 12 below:

Table 12: Risk-Based Capital

	September 30,			December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2022			2021
Tier 1 capital:
Stockholders’ equity	$	3,157,151		$	3,248,841
CECL transition provision	92,619			114,458
Goodwill and other intangible assets	(1,416,453)			(1,226,686)
Unrealized loss (gain) on available-for-sale securities, net of income taxes	567,730			10,545
Total Tier 1 capital	2,401,047			2,147,158
Tier 2 capital:
Trust preferred securities and subordinated debt	365,951			384,131
Qualifying allowance for credit losses and reserve for unfunded commitments	116,257			71,853
Total Tier 2 capital	482,208			455,984
Total risk-based capital	$	2,883,255		$	2,603,142
Risk weighted assets	$	20,470,918		$	15,538,967
Assets for leverage ratio	$	25,986,938		$	23,647,901
Ratios at end of period:
Common equity Tier 1 ratio (CET1)	11.73		%	13.82		%
Tier 1 leverage ratio	9.24		%	9.08		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	11.73		%	13.82		%
Total risk-based capital ratio	14.08		%	16.75		%
Minimum guidelines:
Common equity Tier 1 ratio (CET1)	4.50		%	4.50		%
Tier 1 leverage ratio	4.00		%	4.00		%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio	6.00		%	6.00		%
Total risk-based capital ratio	8.00		%	8.00		%

_______________________________________

Regulatory Capital

In December 2018, the Federal Reserve, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) (collectively, the “agencies”) issued a final rule revising regulatory capital rules in anticipation of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 that provided an option to phase in over a three year period on a straight line basis the day-one impact of the adoption on earnings and Tier 1 capital (the “CECL Transition Provision”).

In March 2020 and in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the agencies issued a new regulatory capital rule revising the CECL Transition Provision to delay the estimated impact on regulatory capital stemming from the implementation of ASU 2016-13. The rule provides banking organizations that implement CECL before the end of 2020 the option to delay for two years an estimate of

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CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period (the “2020 CECL Transition Provision”). The Company elected to apply the 2020 CECL Transition Provision.

The Basel III Capital Rules define the components of capital and address other issues affecting the numerator in banking institutions’ regulatory capital ratios. The rules also address risk weights and other issues affecting the denominator in banking institutions’ regulatory capital ratios and replace the existing risk-weighting approach with a more risk-sensitive approach. The Basel III Capital Rules established risk-weighting categories depending on the nature of the assets, generally ranging from 0% for U.S. government and agency securities, to 600% for certain equity exposures.

The final rules included a new common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 4.5% and a common equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. The rules also raised the minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets to 6.0% and require a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%.

Prior to December 31, 2017, Tier 1 capital included common equity Tier 1 capital and certain additional Tier 1 items as provided under the Basel III Capital Rules. The Tier 1 capital for the Company consisted of common equity Tier 1 capital and trust preferred securities. The Basel III Capital Rules include certain provisions that require trust preferred securities to be phased out of qualifying Tier 1 capital when assets surpass $15 billion. As of December 31, 2017, the Company exceeded $15 billion in total assets and the grandfather provisions applicable to its trust preferred securities no longer apply and trust preferred securities were no longer included as Tier 1 capital. All of the Company’s trust preferred securities were redeemed during the quarter ended September 30, 2022. Qualifying subordinated debt of $366.0 million is included as Tier 2 and total capital as of September 30, 2022.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

See the Recently Issued Accounting Standards section in Note 1, Preparation of Interim Financial Statements, in the accompanying Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this report for details of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on the Company’s ongoing financial position and results of operation.

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained in this quarterly report may not be based on historical facts and should be considered “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may be identified by reference to a future period(s) or by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “budget,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “foresee,” “intend,” “indicate,” “target,” “plan,” positions,” “prospects,” “project,” “predict,” or “potential,” by future conditional verbs such as “could,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “will,” or “would,” or by variations of such words or by similar expressions. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, those relating to the Company’s future growth, completed acquisitions, revenue, expenses, assets, asset quality, profitability, earnings, accretion, dividends, customer service, lending capacity and lending activity, investment in digital channels, critical accounting policies and estimates, net interest margin, noninterest revenue, market conditions related to and the impact of the Company’s stock repurchase program, consumer behavior and liquidity, the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ability of the Company to manage the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, income tax deductions, credit quality, the level of credit losses from lending commitments, net interest revenue, interest rate sensitivity, repricing of loans and time deposits, loan loss experience, liquidity, the Company’s expectations regarding actions by the FHLB including with respect to the FHLB’s option to terminate FOTO advances, capital resources, market risk, plans for investments in securities, effect of pending and future litigation, including the results of the overdraft fee litigation against the Company that is described in this quarterly report, staffing initiatives, acquisition strategy and activity, legal and regulatory limitations and compliance and competition.

These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, and may not be realized due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation: changes in the Company’s operating, acquisition, or expansion strategy; the effects of future economic conditions (including unemployment levels and slowdowns in economic growth), governmental monetary and fiscal policies, including policies of the Federal Reserve, as well as legislative and regulatory changes, including in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s operations and performance; the ultimate effect of measures the Company takes or has taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; the pace of recovery when the COVID-19 pandemic subsides and the heightened impact it has on many of the risks described herein; changes in real estate values; changes in interest rates; inflation; changes in the level and composition of deposits, loan demand, and the values of loan collateral, securities and interest sensitive assets and liabilities; changes in the securities markets generally or the price of the Company’s common stock specifically; developments in information technology affecting the financial industry; cyber threats, attacks or events; reliance on third parties for the provision of key services; further changes in accounting principles relating to loan loss recognition; uncertainty and disruption associated with the discontinued use of the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate; the costs of evaluating possible acquisitions and the risks inherent in integrating acquisitions; possible adverse rulings, judgements, settlements, and other outcomes of pending or future litigation; market disruptions, including pandemics or significant health hazards, severe weather conditions, natural disasters, terrorist activities, financial crises, political crises, war and other military conflicts (including the ongoing military conflict between Russia and Ukraine) or other major events, or the prospect of these events; the effects of competition from other commercial banks, thrifts, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies, credit unions, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market and other mutual funds and other financial institutions operating in our market area and elsewhere, including institutions operating regionally, nationally and internationally, together with such competitors offering banking products and services by mail, telephone, computer and the internet; the failure of assumptions underlying the establishment of reserves for possible credit losses, fair value for loans, other real estate owned, and other cautionary statements set forth elsewhere in this report. Please also refer to the “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections of this quarterly report and the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, and related disclosures in other filings, which have been filed with the SEC and are available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Many of these factors are beyond our ability to predict or control, and actual results could differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements due to these factors and others. In addition, as a result of these and other factors, our past financial performance should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.

We believe the assumptions and expectations that underlie or are reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, based on information available to us on the date hereof. However, given the described uncertainties and risks, we cannot guarantee our future performance or results of operations or whether our future performance will differ materially from the performance reflected in or implied by our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date hereof, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, and all written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by this section.

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GAAP RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The tables below present computations of adjusted earnings (net income excluding certain items {gain on sale of branches, loss from early retirement of TruPS, gain on sale of intellectual property, merger related costs, net branch right sizing costs, and the Day 2 CECL Provision}) (non-GAAP), and adjusted diluted earnings per share (non-GAAP) as well as a computation of tangible book value per share (non-GAAP), tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP), adjusted other income (non-GAAP) and adjusted noninterest expense (non-GAAP). Adjusted items are included in financial results presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP).

We believe the exclusion of these certain items in expressing earnings and certain other financial measures, including “adjusted earnings,” provides a meaningful basis for period-to-period and company-to-company comparisons, which management believes will assist investors and analysts in analyzing the adjusted financial measures of the Company and predicting future performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are also used by management to assess the performance of the Company’s business because management does not consider these certain items to be relevant to ongoing financial performance. Management and the Board of Directors utilize “adjusted earnings” (non-GAAP) for the following purposes:

•   Preparation of the Company’s operating budgets

•   Monthly financial performance reporting

•   Monthly “flash” reporting of consolidated results (management only)

•   Investor presentations of Company performance

We believe the presentation “adjusted earnings” on a diluted per share basis (non-GAAP) provides a meaningful basis for period-to-period and company-to-company comparisons, which management believes will assist investors and analysts in analyzing the adjusted financial measures of the Company and predicting future performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are also used by management to assess the performance of the Company’s business, because management does not consider these certain items to be relevant to ongoing financial performance on a per share basis. Management and the Board of Directors utilize “adjusted diluted earnings per share” (non-GAAP) for the following purposes:

•   Calculation of annual performance-based incentives for certain executives

•   Calculation of long-term performance-based incentives for certain executives

•   Investor presentations of Company performance

We have $1.442 billion and $1.252 billion total goodwill and other intangible assets for the periods ended September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Because our acquisition strategy has resulted in a high level of intangible assets, management believes useful calculations include tangible book value per share (non-GAAP) and tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP).

We believe that presenting these non-GAAP financial measures will permit investors and analysts to assess the performance of the Company on the same basis as that is applied by management and the Board of Directors.

Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied and are not audited. To mitigate these limitations, we have procedures in place to identify and approve each item that qualifies as adjusted to ensure that the Company’s “adjusted” results are properly reflected for period-to-period comparisons. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by stakeholders in the evaluation of a company, they have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP. In particular, a measure of earnings that excludes certain items does not represent the amount that effectively accrues directly to stockholders (i.e., certain items are included in earnings and stockholders’ equity). Additionally, similarly titled non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies may not be computed in the same or similar fashion.

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See Table 13 below for the reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures, which exclude certain items for the periods presented.

Table 13: Reconciliation of Adjusted Earnings (non-GAAP) 

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	September 30,		June 30,		September 30,		September 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2022		2022		2022		2021
Net income available to common stockholders	$	80,603	$	27,454	$	173,152	$	222,879
Certain items:
Gain on sale of branches	—		—		—		(5,316)
Loss from early retirement of TruPS	365		—		365		—
Gain on sale of intellectual property	(750)		—		(750)		—
Merger related costs	1,422		19,133		22,441		2,320
Branch right sizing (net)	1,235		380		2,524		(2,554)
Day 2 CECL Provision	—		33,779		33,779		—
Tax effect (1)	(594)		(13,928)		(15,253)		1,451
Certain items, net of tax	1,678		39,364		43,106		(4,099)
Adjusted earnings (non-GAAP)	$	82,281	$	66,818	$	216,258	$	218,780
Diluted earnings per share(2)	$	0.63	$	0.21	$	1.40	$	2.05
Certain items:
Gain on sale of branches	—		—		—		(0.05)
Loss from early retirement of TruPS	—		—		—		—
Gain on sale of intellectual property	(0.01)		—		(0.01)		—
Merger related costs	0.01		0.15		0.18		0.02
Branch right sizing (net)	0.01		—		0.02		(0.02)
Day 2 CECL Provision	—		0.27		0.28		—
Tax effect (1)	—		(0.11)		(0.12)		0.01
Certain items, net of tax	0.01		0.31		0.35		(0.04)
Adjusted diluted earnings per share (non-GAAP)	$	0.64	$	0.52	$	1.75	$	2.01

_______________________________________

(1)Effective tax rate of 26.135%.

(2)See Note 17, Earnings Per Share, for number of shares used to determine EPS.

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See Table 14 below for the reconciliation of adjusted other income and adjusted noninterest expense for the periods presented.

Table 14: Reconciliation of Adjusted Other Income and Adjusted Noninterest Expense (non-GAAP) 

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	September 30,		June 30,		September 30,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2022		2022		2021
Other income	$	6,658	$	6,837	$	20,761	$	25,308
Certain items:
Gain on sale of branches	—		—		—		(5,316)
Loss from early retirement of TruPS	365		—		365		—
Gain on sale of intellectual property	(750)		—		(750)		—
Branch right sizing	65		88		153		(367)
Total certain items	(320)		88		(232)		(5,683)
Adjusted other income (non-GAAP)	$	6,338	$	6,925	$	20,529	$	19,625
Noninterest expense	$	138,943	$	156,813	$	424,173	$	341,992
Certain items:
Merger related costs	(1,422)		(19,133)		(22,441)		(2,320)
Branch right sizing	(1,170)		(292)		(2,371)		2,187
Total certain items	(2,592)		(19,425)		(24,812)		(133)
Adjusted noninterest expense (non-GAAP)	$	136,351	$	137,388	$	399,361	$	341,859

See Table 15 below for the reconciliation of tangible book value per common share.

Table 15: Reconciliation of Tangible Book Value per Common Share (non-GAAP) 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2022		2021
Total common stockholders’ equity	$	3,157,151	$	3,248,841
Intangible assets:
Goodwill	(1,309,000)		(1,146,007)
Other intangible assets	(133,059)		(106,235)
Total intangibles	(1,442,059)		(1,252,242)
Tangible common stockholders’ equity	$	1,715,092	$	1,996,599
Shares of common stock outstanding	126,943,467		112,715,444
Book value per common share	$	24.87	$	28.82
Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP)	$	13.51	$	17.71

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See Table 16 below for the calculation of tangible common equity and the reconciliation of tangible common equity to tangible assets.

Table 16: Reconciliation of Tangible Common Equity and the Ratio of Tangible Common Equity to Tangible Assets (non-GAAP)

	September 30,			December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2022			2021
Total common stockholders’ equity	$	3,157,151		$	3,248,841
Intangible assets:
Goodwill	(1,309,000)			(1,146,007)
Other intangible assets	(133,059)			(106,235)
Total intangibles	(1,442,059)			(1,252,242)
Tangible common stockholders’ equity	$	1,715,092		$	1,996,599
Total assets	$	27,076,074		$	24,724,759
Intangible assets:
Goodwill	(1,309,000)			(1,146,007)
Other intangible assets	(133,059)			(106,235)
Total intangibles	(1,442,059)			(1,252,242)
Tangible assets	$	25,634,015		$	23,472,517
Ratio of common equity to assets	11.66		%	13.14		%
Ratio of tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)	6.69		%	8.51		%

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company has leveraged its investment in its subsidiary bank and depends upon the dividends paid to it, as the sole shareholder of the subsidiary bank, as a principal source of funds for dividends to shareholders, stock repurchases and debt service requirements. At September 30, 2022, undivided profits of Simmons Bank were approximately $604.9 million, of which approximately $175.1 million was available for the payment of dividends to the Company without regulatory approval. In addition to dividends, other sources of liquidity for the Company are the sale of equity securities and the borrowing of funds.

Subsidiary Bank

Generally speaking, the Company’s subsidiary bank relies upon net inflows of cash from financing activities, supplemented by net inflows of cash from operating activities, to provide cash used in investing activities. Typical of most banking companies, significant financing activities include: deposit gathering; use of short-term borrowing facilities, such as federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements; and the issuance of long-term debt. The subsidiary bank’s primary investing activities include loan originations and purchases of investment securities, offset by loan payoffs and investment cash flows and maturities.

Liquidity represents an institution’s ability to provide funds to satisfy demands from depositors and borrowers by either converting assets into cash or accessing new or existing sources of incremental funds. A major responsibility of management is to maximize net interest income within prudent liquidity constraints. Internal corporate guidelines have been established to constantly measure liquid assets as well as relevant ratios concerning earning asset levels and purchased funds. The management and Board of Directors of the subsidiary bank monitors these same indicators and makes adjustments as needed.

Liquidity Management

The objective of our liquidity management is to access adequate sources of funding to ensure that cash flow requirements of depositors and borrowers are met in an orderly and timely manner. Sources of liquidity are managed so that reliance on any one funding source is kept to a minimum. Our liquidity sources are prioritized for both availability and time to activation.

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Our liquidity is a primary consideration in determining funding needs and is an integral part of asset/liability management. Pricing of the liability side is a major component of interest margin and spread management. Adequate liquidity is a necessity in addressing this critical task. There are seven primary and secondary sources of liquidity available to the Company. The particular liquidity need and timeframe determine the use of these sources.

The first source of liquidity available to the Company is federal funds. Federal funds are available on a daily basis and are used to meet the normal fluctuations of a dynamic balance sheet. The Bank has approximately $415 million in federal funds lines of credit from upstream correspondent banks that can be accessed, when needed. In order to ensure availability of these upstream funds we test these borrowing lines at least annually. Historical monitoring of these funds has made it possible for us to project seasonal fluctuations and structure our funding requirements on a month-to-month basis.

Second, Simmons Bank has lines of credit available with the Federal Home Loan Bank. While we use portions of those lines to match off longer-term mortgage loans, we also use those lines to meet liquidity needs. Approximately $5.0 billion of these lines of credit are currently available, if needed, for liquidity.

A third source of liquidity is that we have the ability to access large wholesale deposits from both the public and private sector to fund short-term liquidity needs.

A fourth source of liquidity is the retail deposits available through our network of financial centers throughout Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas. Although this method can be a somewhat more expensive alternative to supplying liquidity, this source can be used to meet intermediate term liquidity needs.

Fifth, we use a laddered investment portfolio that ensures there is a steady source of intermediate term liquidity. These funds can be used to meet seasonal loan patterns and other intermediate term balance sheet fluctuations. Approximately 51.0% of the investment portfolio is classified as available-for-sale. We also use securities held in the securities portfolio to pledge when obtaining public funds.

Sixth, we have a network of downstream correspondent banks from which we can access debt to meet liquidity needs.

Finally, we have the ability to access funds through the Federal Reserve Bank Discount Window.

We believe the various sources available are ample liquidity for short-term, intermediate-term and long-term liquidity.

Market Risk Management

Market risk arises from changes in interest rates. We have risk management policies to monitor and limit exposure to market risk. In asset and liability management activities, policies designed to minimize structural interest rate risk are in place. The measurement of market risk associated with financial instruments is meaningful only when all related and offsetting on- and off-balance-sheet transactions are aggregated, and the resulting net positions are identified.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

Interest rate risk represents the potential impact of interest rate changes on net income and capital resulting from mismatches in repricing opportunities of assets and liabilities over a period of time. A number of tools are used to monitor and manage interest rate risk, including simulation models and interest sensitivity gap analysis. Management uses simulation models to estimate the effects of changing interest rates and various balance sheet strategies on the level of the Company’s net income and capital. As a means of limiting interest rate risk to an acceptable level, management may alter the mix of floating and fixed-rate assets and liabilities, change pricing schedules and manage investment maturities during future security purchases, or enter into derivative contracts such as interest rate swaps.

The simulation model incorporates management’s assumptions regarding the level of interest rates or balance changes for indeterminate maturity deposits for a given level of market rate changes. These assumptions have been developed through anticipated pricing behavior. Key assumptions in the simulation models include the relative timing of prepayments, cash flows and maturities. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the model cannot precisely estimate net interest income or precisely predict the impact of a change in interest rates on net income or capital. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to the timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes and changes in market conditions and management strategies, among other factors.

81

As of September 30, 2022, the model simulations projected that 100 and 200 basis point increases in interest rates would result in a positive variance in net interest income of 1.14% and 2.25%, respectively, relative to the base case over the next 12 months, while decreases in interest rates of 100 basis points would result in a negative variance in net interest income of 0.52% relative to the base case over the next 12 months. These are good faith estimates and assume that the composition of our interest sensitive assets and liabilities existing at each period-end will remain constant over the relevant twelve month measurement period and that changes in market interest rates are instantaneous and sustained across the yield curve regardless of duration of pricing characteristics of specific assets or liabilities. Also, this analysis does not contemplate any actions that we might undertake in response to changes in market interest rates. We believe these estimates are not necessarily indicative of what actually could occur in the event of immediate interest rate increases or decreases of this magnitude. As interest-bearing assets and liabilities reprice in different time frames and proportions to market interest rate movements, various assumptions must be made based on historical relationships of these variables in reaching any conclusion. Since these correlations are based on competitive and market conditions, we anticipate that our future results will likely be different from the foregoing estimates, and such differences could be material.

The table below presents our sensitivity to net interest income at September 30, 2022: 

Table 17: Net Interest Income Sensitivity

Interest Rate Scenario	% Change from Base
Up 300 basis points	3.22%
Up 200 basis points	2.25%
Up 100 basis points	1.14%
Down 100 basis points	(0.52)%
Down 200 basis points	(5.79)%
Down 300 basis points	(10.90)%

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

Management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, has reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer have concluded that the Company’s current disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance levels as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures will detect or uncover every situation involving the failure of persons within the Company or its subsidiary to disclose material information required to be set forth in the Company’s periodic reports.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2022, which materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II:    Other Information

Item 1.     Legal Proceedings

The information contained in Note 13, Contingent Liabilities, of the Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this report is incorporated herein by reference.

82

Item 1A.     Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the risk factors faced by the Company from those disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 2.     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Effective July 23, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the 2019 Program that increased the amount of the Company’s Class A common stock that may be repurchased under the 2019 Program from a maximum of $180 million to a maximum of $276.5 million and extended the term of the 2019 Program from October 31, 2021, to October 31, 2022 (unless terminated sooner). The 2019 Program was originally approved on October 17, 2019 and first amended in March 2020. During January 2022, the Company substantially exhausted the remaining capacity under the 2019 Program, and as a result, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program (the “2022 Program”), which replaced the 2019 Program and under which the Company may repurchase up to $175.0 million of its Class A common stock currently issued and outstanding. The timing, pricing, and amount of any repurchases under the 2022 Program will be determined by the Company’s management at its discretion based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, trading volume and market price of the Company’s common stock, corporate considerations, the Company’s working capital and investment requirements, general market and economic conditions, and legal requirements.

Information concerning our purchases of common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 is as follows:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2022 - July 31, 2022	345,900	$	23.09	345,900	$	116,971,000
August 1, 2022 - August 31, 2022	1,248,100	24.28		1,248,100	$	86,669,000
September 1, 2022 - September 30, 2022	289,713	23.29		289,713	$	79,922,000
Total	1,883,713	$	23.91	1,883,713

_______________________________________

(1)No shares of restricted stock were purchased in connection with employee tax withholding obligations under employee compensation plans, which are not purchases under any publicly announced plan.

83

Item 6.     Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description
2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 4, 2021, by and among Simmons First National Corporation, Simmons Bank and Landmark Community Bank (incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed under the Securities Act of 1933 by Simmons First National Corporation on July 21, 2021 (File No. 333-258059)).
2.2	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 4, 2021, by and among Simmons First National Corporation and Triumph Bancshares, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Annex B to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed under the Securities Act of 1933 by Simmons First National Corporation on July 21, 2021 (File No. 333-258059)).
2.3	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 18, 2021, by and among Simmons First National Corporation and Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed under the Securities Act of 1933 by Simmons First National Corporation on January 18, 2022 (File No. 333-261842)).
3.1	Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Simmons First National Corporation, as amended on July 14, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed under the Securities Act of 1933 by Simmons First National Corporation on July 21, 2021 (File No. 333-258059)).
3.2	Articles of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Simmons First National Corporation, dated August 3, 2022.*
3.3	Amended and Restated By-Laws of Simmons First National Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Simmons First National Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 18, 2022 (File No. 000-06253)).
4.1	Instruments defining the rights of security holders, including indentures. Simmons First National Corporation hereby agrees to furnish copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission upon request. No issuance of debt exceeds ten percent of the total assets of the Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
10.1	First Amendment to Deferred Compensation Agreement for Jennifer Compton dated July 27, 2022.*^
10.2	First Amendment to Deferred Compensation Agreement for George Makris, III dated July 27, 2022.*^
10.3	First Amendment to Deferred Compensation Agreement for Matthew Reddin dated August 4, 2022.*^
14.1	Amended and Restated Simmons First National Corporation Code of Ethics (as amended and restated on July 23, 2020) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to Simmons First National Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 28, 2020 (File No. 000-06253)).
15.1	Awareness Letter of FORVIS, LLP.*
31.1	Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) Certification – George A. Makris, Jr., Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.*
31.2	Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) Certification – James M. Brogdon, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer.*
31.3	Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) Certification – David W. Garner, Executive Vice President, Executive Director of Finance and Accounting and Chief Accounting Officer.*
32.1	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sections 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – George A. Makris, Jr., Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.*
32.2	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sections 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – James M. Brogdon, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer.*
32.3	Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Sections 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – David W. Garner, Executive Vice President, Executive Director of Finance and Accounting and Chief Accounting Officer.*
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.

84

Exhibit No.	Description
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase.
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

* Filed herewith

 ^ Management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement

85

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

(Registrant)

Date:	November 4, 2022	/s/ George A. Makris, Jr.
		George A. Makris, Jr.
		Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:	November 4, 2022	/s/ James M. Brogdon
		James M. Brogdon
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial Officer)
Date:	November 4, 2022	/s/ David W. Garner
		David W. Garner
		Executive Vice President, Executive Director of Finance and
		Accounting and Chief Accounting Officer
		(Principal Accounting Officer)

86

EX-3.2

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT TO THE

AMENDED AND RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF

SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

Pursuant to, and in accordance with, the Arkansas Business Corporation Act of 1987, Simmons First National Corporation (“Corporation”) does hereby adopt these Articles of Amendment (“Articles of Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (“Amended and Restated Articles”) of the Corporation.

FIRST: The name of the Corporation is

SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION.

SECOND: The amendments to the Amended and Restated Articles that have been duly adopted are as follows:

(a) Article FOURTH of the Amended and Restated Articles is hereby amended to increase the number of authorized shares of the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock having a par value of $0.01 per share from 175,000,000 to 350,000,000, such that the introductory paragraph of Article FOURTH of the Amended and Restated Articles shall read as follows:

“FOURTH: The authorized capital stock of this Corporation shall consist of 350,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock having a par value of $0.01 per share and 40,040,000 shares of Preferred Stock having a par value of $0.01 per share, with the powers, privileges, incidents, preferences and limitations hereinafter set forth below:”

(b) The following sentences are hereby deleted from Article FOURTH, Section (b) of the Amended and Restated Articles:

“The aggregate liquidation preference of all shares of Preferred Stock shall not exceed $80,000,000. The aggregate liquidation preference may be allocated among shares in different series in such manner and amounts as the Board may determine in the resolution establishing such series.”

(c) Article ELEVENTH, Section (c), Paragraph (11) of the Amended and Restated Articles is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows:

“(11) "Continuing Directors" means all directors of the Corporation; provided that, in the event the Proponent (or its Affiliates or Associates) is an Interested Stockholder, then "Continuing Directors" means the incumbent directors of the Corporation on the date immediately preceding the date the Proponent (or its Affiliates or Associates) became an Interested Stockholder.”

(d) Article EIGHTEENTH of the Amended and Restated Articles is hereby deleted.

(e) Exhibit 1 to the Amended and Restated Articles is hereby deleted.

THIRD: The amendments described in Article SECOND of these Articles of Amendment were approved by the shareholders at a meeting held on April 27, 2022. There were 112,374,358 shares of the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock outstanding and entitled to vote on the record date, February 18, 2022. 95,237,521 shares of the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock were indisputably represented at the shareholders’ meeting.

FOURTH: The number of shares of the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock that were voted “FOR” the amendment described in Article SECOND, Paragraph (a) of these Articles of Amendment was 79,478,015; and the number of shares of the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock that were voted “AGAINST” such amendment was 1,540,205. The number of votes cast “FOR” the amendment was sufficient for its adoption.

FIFTH: The number of shares of the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock that were voted “FOR” the amendment described in Article SECOND, Paragraph (b) of these Articles of Amendment was 80,038,737; and the number of shares of the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock that were voted “AGAINST” such amendment was 1,021,239. The number of votes cast “FOR” the amendment was sufficient for its adoption.

SIXTH: The number of shares of the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock that were voted “FOR” the amendment described in Article SECOND, Paragraphs (c) through (e) of these Articles of Amendment was 80,998,990; and the number of shares of the Corporation’s Class A Common Stock that were voted “AGAINST” such amendment was 155,612. The number of votes cast “FOR” the amendment was sufficient for its adoption.

SEVENTH: The date of adoption of each of the amendments contained in these Articles of Amendment was April 27, 2022.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the President of the Corporation has set his hand this 3rd day of August, 2022.

SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

By _/s/ Robert A. Fehlman_____________________

Robert A. Fehlman, President

EX-10.1

FIRST AMENDMENT TO

DEFERRED COMPENSATION AGREEMENT

THIS AMENDMENT to the Deferred Compensation Agreement (the “Agreement”) by and between Simmons First National Corporation (“Employer”) and Jennifer B. Compton (“Employee”), provides as follows, WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS, Employer and Employee entered into the Agreement effective February 28, 2017; and

WHEREAS, Employer and Employee wish to amend the Agreement to correct certain inadvertent errors contained in the Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the premises and Employee’s continued employment, effective as of July 27, 2022, the Agreement is amended as follows:

1.The definition of Final Average Compensation in Section 1 shall be deleted in its entirety and the following is substituted in lieu thereof:

Final Average Compensation – The average of the sum of the salary and cash bonus (inclusive of all discretionary bonuses and cash incentive programs in which Employee participated) for the last five (5) consecutive, completed calendar years of service. Stock options, restricted stock or other equity compensation grants, programs or plans shall not be included in the computation of Final Average Compensation. However, all sums earned under the SFNC Executive Incentive Plan (or its equivalent) (“EIP”) shall be considered as cash compensation, even if in future years some part or all of the EIP may be paid in stock rather than cash.

2. All other provisions of the Agreement shall remain in effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this instrument this 27th day of July 2022 to be effective as provided above.

SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

By: /s/ Bob Fehlman

Bob Fehlman, President and COO

By: /s/ Jennifer Compton

Name: Jennifer B. Compton

EX-10.2

FIRST AMENDMENT TO

DEFERRED COMPENSATION AGREEMENT

THIS AMENDMENT to the Deferred Compensation Agreement (the “Agreement”) by and between Simmons First National Corporation (“Employer”) and George A. Makris, III (“Employee”), provides as follows, WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS, Employer and Employee entered into the Agreement March 11, 2022; and

WHEREAS, Employer and Employee wish to amend the Agreement to correct certain inadvertent errors contained in the Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the premises and Employee’s continued employment, effective as of July 27, 2022, the Agreement is amended as follows:

1.The definition of Final Average Compensation in Section 1 shall be deleted in its entirety and the following is substituted in lieu thereof:

Final Average Compensation – The average of the sum of the salary and cash bonus (inclusive of all discretionary bonuses and cash incentive programs in which Employee participated) for the last five (5) consecutive, completed calendar years of service. Stock options, restricted stock or other equity compensation grants, programs or plans shall not be included in the computation of Final Average Compensation. However, all sums earned under the SFNC Executive Incentive Plan (or its equivalent) (“EIP”) shall be considered as cash compensation, even if in future years some part or all of the EIP may be paid in stock rather than cash.

2. All other provisions of the Agreement shall remain in effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this instrument this 27th day of July 2022 to be effective as provided above.

SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

By: /s/ Bob Fehlman

Bob Fehlman, President and COO

By: /s/ George Makris III

Name: George A. Makris, III

EX-10.3

FIRST AMENDMENT TO

DEFERRED COMPENSATION AGREEMENT

THIS AMENDMENT to the Deferred Compensation Agreement (the “Agreement”) by and between Simmons First National Corporation (“Employer”) and Matthew S. Reddin (“Employee”), provides as follows, WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS, Employer and Employee entered into the Agreement effective March 7, 2017; and

WHEREAS, Employer and Employee wish to amend the Agreement to correct certain inadvertent errors contained in the Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the premises and Employee’s continued employment, effective as of August 4th, 2022, the Agreement is amended as follows:

1.The definition of Final Average Compensation in Section 1 shall be deleted in its entirety and the following is substituted in lieu thereof:

Final Average Compensation – The average of the sum of the salary and cash bonus (inclusive of all discretionary bonuses and cash incentive programs in which Employee participated) for the last five (5) consecutive, completed calendar years of service. Stock options, restricted stock or other equity compensation grants, programs or plans shall not be included in the computation of Final Average Compensation. However, all sums earned under the SFNC Executive Incentive Plan (or its equivalent) (“EIP”) shall be considered as cash compensation, even if in future years some part or all of the EIP may be paid in stock rather than cash.

2. All other provisions of the Agreement shall remain in effect.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this instrument this 4th of August, 2022 to be effective as provided above.

SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORPORATION

By: /s/ Bob Fehlman

Bob Fehlman, President and COO

By: /s/ Matthew S. Reddin

Name: Matthew S. Reddin

EX-15.1

Exhibit 15.1

Awareness of Independent Registered

Public Accounting Firm

We acknowledge the incorporation by reference on Form S-3ASR (Registration No. 333-254919) and the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Registration Nos. 333-134240, 333-134241, 333-134276, 333-134301, 333-134356, 333-138629, 333-186253, 333-186254, 333-197708, 333-206160, 333-234166 and 333-239309) of Simmons First National Corporation (the Company) of our report dated November 4, 2022, included with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. Pursuant to Rule 436(c) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the Act), this report should not be considered part of the registration statement prepared or certified by us within the meaning of Sections 7 and 11 of the Act.

FORVIS, LLP

(formerly BKD, LLP)

/s/ FORVIS, LLP

Little Rock, Arkansas

November 4, 2022

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, George A. Makris, Jr., certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Simmons First National Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 4, 2022

/s/ George A. Makris, Jr.

George A. Makris, Jr.

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, James M. Brogdon, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Simmons First National Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 4, 2022

/s/ James M. Brogdon

James M. Brogdon

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

and Treasurer

(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-31.3

Exhibit 31.3

CERTIFICATION

I, David W. Garner, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Simmons First National Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 4, 2022

/s/ David W. Garner

David W. Garner

Executive Vice President, Executive Director of Finance

and Accounting and Chief Accounting Officer

(Principal Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Simmons First National Corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, George A. Makris, Jr., Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 4, 2022

/s/ George A. Makris, Jr.

George A. Makris, Jr.

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Simmons First National Corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, James M. Brogdon, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer of the Company, hereby certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 4, 2022

/s/ James M. Brogdon

James M. Brogdon

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

and Treasurer

(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.3

Exhibit 32.3

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Simmons First National Corporation (the “Company”), on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David W. Garner, Executive Vice President, Executive Director of Finance and Accounting and Chief Accounting Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: November 4, 2022

/s/ David W. Garner

David W. Garner

Executive Vice President, Executive Director of Finance

and Accounting and Chief Accounting Officer

(Principal Accounting Officer)

XML

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Nov. 02, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-06253
Entity Registrant Name	SIMMONS FIRST NATIONAL CORP
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	AR
Entity Tax Identification Number	71-0407808
Entity Address, Address Line One	501 Main Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Pine Bluff
Entity Address, State or Province	AR
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	71601
City Area Code	870
Local Phone Number	541-1000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	SFNC
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		126,969,648
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0000090498
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
ASSETS
Cash and noninterest bearing balances due from banks	$ 175,547	$ 209,190
Interest bearing balances due from banks and federal funds sold	503,863	1,441,463
Cash and cash equivalents	679,410	1,650,653
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	1,290	1,882
Investment securities:
Held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of $1,384 and $1,279 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	3,787,076	1,529,221
Available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (amortized cost of $4,484,131 and $7,130,861 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively)	3,937,543	7,113,545
Total investments	7,724,619	8,642,766
Mortgage loans held for sale	12,759	36,356
Other loans held for sale	2,292	100
Loans	15,607,135	12,012,503
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(197,589)	(205,332)
Net loans	15,409,546	11,807,171
Premises and equipment	549,932	483,469
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	3,612	6,032
Interest receivable	86,637	72,990
Bank owned life insurance	488,364	445,305
Goodwill	1,309,000	1,146,007
Other intangible assets	133,059	106,235
Other assets	675,554	325,793
Total assets	27,076,074	24,724,759
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	6,218,283	5,325,318
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	12,103,994	11,588,770
Time deposits	3,826,415	2,452,460
Total deposits	22,148,692	19,366,548
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	168,513	185,403
Other borrowings	964,772	1,337,973
Subordinated notes and debentures	365,951	384,131
Accrued interest and other liabilities	270,995	201,863
Total liabilities	23,918,923	21,475,918
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, Class A, $0.01 par value; 350,000,000 and 175,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively; 126,943,467 and 112,715,444 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	1,269	1,127
Surplus	2,527,153	2,164,989
Undivided profits	1,196,459	1,093,270
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(567,730)	(10,545)
Total stockholders’ equity	3,157,151	3,248,841
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 27,076,074	$ 24,724,759

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for credit losses on HTM	$ 1,384	$ 1,279
Available-for-sale, amortized cost	$ 4,484,131	$ 7,130,861
Common stock, Class A, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, Class A, shares authorized (in shares)	350,000,000	175,000,000
Common stock, Class A, shares issued (in shares)	126,943,467	112,715,444
Common stock, Class A, shares outstanding (in shares)	126,943,467	112,715,444

XML

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
INTEREST INCOME
Loans, including fees	$ 187,347	$ 132,216	$ 478,101	$ 417,444
Interest bearing balances due from banks and federal funds sold	1,141	763	2,907	2,212
Investment securities	40,954	30,717	112,514	79,418
Mortgage loans held for sale	178	230	568	1,255
Other loans held for sale	998	0	3,061	0
TOTAL INTEREST INCOME	230,618	163,926	597,151	500,329
INTEREST EXPENSE
Deposits	25,429	9,116	42,000	33,077
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	305	70	492	507
Other borrowings	6,048	4,893	15,671	14,592
Subordinated notes and debentures	5,251	4,610	14,698	13,702
TOTAL INTEREST EXPENSE	37,033	18,689	72,861	61,878
NET INTEREST INCOME	193,585	145,237	524,290	438,451
Provision for credit losses	103	(19,890)	14,048	(31,396)
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES	193,482	165,127	510,242	469,847
NONINTEREST INCOME
Bank owned life insurance income	2,902	2,573	8,171	6,134
Gain (loss) on sale of securities, net	(22)	5,248	(226)	15,846
Other income	6,658	6,411	20,761	25,308
TOTAL NONINTEREST INCOME	43,023	48,550	125,419	145,214
NONINTEREST EXPENSE
Salaries and employee benefits	71,923	61,902	213,964	182,503
Occupancy expense, net	11,674	9,361	32,701	27,764
Furniture and equipment expense	5,394	4,895	15,273	15,169
Other real estate and foreclosure expense	168	339	653	1,545
Deposit insurance	3,278	1,870	7,928	4,865
Merger related costs	1,422	1,401	22,441	2,320
Other operating expenses	45,084	34,565	131,213	107,826
TOTAL NONINTEREST EXPENSE	138,943	114,333	424,173	341,992
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	97,562	99,344	211,488	273,069
Provision for income taxes	16,959	18,770	38,336	50,151
NET INCOME	80,603	80,574	173,152	222,918
Preferred stock dividends	0	13	0	39
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$ 80,603	$ 80,561	$ 173,152	$ 222,879
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63	$ 0.75	$ 1.41	$ 2.06
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63	$ 0.74	$ 1.40	$ 2.05
Service charges on deposit accounts
NONINTEREST INCOME
Non-interest income	$ 12,560	$ 11,557	$ 34,635	$ 31,322
Debit and credit card fees
NONINTEREST INCOME
Non-interest income	7,685	7,102	23,358	20,785
Wealth management fees
NONINTEREST INCOME
Non-interest income	8,562	7,877	23,744	23,130
Mortgage lending income
NONINTEREST INCOME
Non-interest income	2,593	5,818	9,383	16,755
Other service charges and fees
NONINTEREST INCOME
Non-interest income	$ 2,085	$ 1,964	$ 5,593	$ 5,934

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
NET INCOME	$ 80,603	$ 80,574	$ 173,152	$ 222,918
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Unrealized holding losses arising during the period on available-for-sale securities	(195,540)	(41,398)	(639,915)	(95,313)
Less: Reclassification adjustment for realized (losses) gains included in net income	(22)	5,248	(226)	15,846
Less: Realized losses on available-for-sale securities interest rate hedges	(41,412)	(13,722)	(101,443)	(13,722)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity during the period	0	1,106	(206,682)	1,106
Less: Accretion of net unrealized losses on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity	4,700	0	9,401	0
Other comprehensive loss, before tax effect	(158,806)	(31,818)	(754,329)	(96,331)
Less: Tax effect of other comprehensive loss	(41,504)	(8,316)	(197,144)	(25,176)
TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	(117,302)	(23,502)	(557,185)	(71,155)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	$ (36,699)	$ 57,072	$ (384,033)	$ 151,763

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$ 173,152	$ 222,918
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	36,660	35,396
Provision for credit losses	14,048	(31,396)
(Gain) loss on sale of investments	226	(15,846)
Net accretion of investment securities and assets	(32,531)	(36,929)
Net amortization on borrowings	274	404
Stock-based compensation expense	11,475	12,591
Gain on sale of premises and equipment, net of impairment	0	(591)
Gain on sale of foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	(424)	(76)
Gain on sale of mortgage loans held for sale	(7,187)	(29,222)
Gain on sale of loans	(282)	0
Gain on sale of branches	0	(5,316)
Deferred income taxes	2,924	3,585
Income from bank owned life insurance	(8,189)	(6,229)
Loss from early retirement of TruPS	365	0
Originations of mortgage loans held for sale	(436,477)	(752,480)
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale	467,261	884,452
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Interest receivable	(5,852)	4,191
Other assets	(18,712)	(22,677)
Accrued interest and other liabilities	34,850	(41,674)
Income taxes payable	(5,373)	(1,199)
Net cash provided by operating activities	226,208	219,902
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Net change in loans	(1,344,441)	2,056,058
Proceeds from sale of loans	51,856	26,472
Net change in due from banks - time	592	(201)
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(25,757)	(36,832)
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment	0	5,621
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	3,476	14,594
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities	0	342,577
Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities	974,625	559,259
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(261,375)	(4,786,533)
Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity securities	60,215	13,804
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities	(329,660)	(694,734)
Purchases of bank owned life insurance death benefits	0	(160,000)
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance death benefits	1,873	3,814
Disposition of assets and liabilities held for sale	0	(134,166)
Purchase of Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.	276,396	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(592,200)	(2,790,267)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net change in deposits	63,128	1,075,422
Repayments of TruPS	(56,189)	0
Dividends paid on preferred stock	0	(39)
Dividends paid on common stock	(69,963)	(58,319)
Net change in other borrowed funds	(411,250)	(3,482)
Net change in federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	(16,890)	(81,835)
Net shares issued (cancelled) under stock compensation plans	(4,105)	1,222
Shares issued under employee stock purchase plan	1,151	1,170
Repurchases of common stock	(111,133)	(54,513)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(605,251)	879,626
DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(971,243)	(1,690,739)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD	1,650,653	3,472,152
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD	$ 679,410	$ 1,781,413

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Preferred Stock	Common Stock	Surplus	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income	Undivided Profits
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 2,976,656	$ 767	$ 1,081	$ 2,014,076	$ 59,726	$ 901,006
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive (loss) income	151,763				(71,155)	222,918
Stock issued for employee stock purchase plan	1,170		1	1,169
Stock-based compensation plans, net	13,813		3	13,810
Stock repurchases	(54,513)		(19)	(54,494)
Dividends on preferred stock	(39)					(39)
Dividends on common stock	(58,319)					(58,319)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2021	3,030,531	767	1,066	1,974,561	(11,429)	1,065,566
Balance at Jun. 30, 2021	3,039,366	767	1,084	2,021,128	12,073	1,004,314
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive (loss) income	57,072				(23,502)	80,574
Stock-based compensation plans, net	4,848			4,848
Stock repurchases	(51,433)		(18)	(51,415)
Dividends on preferred stock	(13)					(13)
Dividends on common stock	(19,309)					(19,309)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2021	3,030,531	767	1,066	1,974,561	(11,429)	1,065,566
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	3,248,841	0	1,127	2,164,989	(10,545)	1,093,270
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive (loss) income	(384,033)				(557,185)	173,152
Stock issued for employee stock purchase plan	1,151		1	1,150
Stock-based compensation plans, net	7,370		2	7,368
Stock issued for Spirit acquisition	464,918		183	464,735
Stock repurchases	(111,133)		(44)	(111,089)
Dividends on common stock	(69,963)					(69,963)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	3,157,151	0	1,269	2,527,153	(567,730)	1,196,459
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	3,259,895	0	1,288	2,569,060	(450,428)	1,139,975
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Comprehensive (loss) income	(36,699)				(117,302)	80,603
Stock-based compensation plans, net	3,111			3,111
Stock repurchases	(45,037)		(19)	(45,018)
Dividends on common stock	(24,119)					(24,119)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 3,157,151	$ 0	$ 1,269	$ 2,527,153	$ (567,730)	$ 1,196,459

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Stock issued for employee stock purchase plan, shares (in shares)			59,475	60,697
Stock issued for compensation plans, shares (in shares)	39,416	22,767	326,236	401,993
Stock issued for acquisition (in shares)			18,275,074
Stock repurchased (in shares)	1,883,713	1,806,205	4,432,762	1,937,121
Cash dividends per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.19	$ 0.18	$ 0.57	$ 0.54

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Preparation of Interim Financial Statements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Preparation of Interim Financial Statements

PREPARATION OF INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Description of Business and Organizational Structure

Simmons First National Corporation (“Company”) is a Mid-South financial holding company headquartered in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, and the parent company of Simmons Bank, an Arkansas state-chartered bank that has been in operation since 1903 (“Simmons Bank” or the “Bank”). Simmons First Insurance Services, Inc. and Simmons First Insurance Services of TN, LLC are wholly-owned subsidiaries of Simmons Bank and are insurance agencies that offer various lines of personal and corporate insurance coverage to individual and commercial customers. The Company, through its subsidiaries, offers, among other things, consumer, real estate and commercial loans; checking, savings and time deposits; and specialized products and services (such as credit cards, trust and fiduciary services, investments, agricultural finance lending, equipment lending, insurance and Small Business Administration (“SBA”) lending) from approximately 230 financial centers as of September 30, 2022, located throughout market areas in Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared based upon Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules that permit reduced disclosures for interim periods. Certain information and footnote disclosures have been condensed or omitted in accordance with those rules and regulations. The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021, was derived from audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of interim results of operations, including normal recurring accruals. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. For a more complete discussion of significant accounting policies and certain other information, this report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, which was filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022.

The preparation of financial statements, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income items and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are based upon management’s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and actual results may differ from these estimates. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the Company’s allowance for credit losses.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans and the valuation of acquired loans. Management obtains independent appraisals for significant properties in connection with the determination of the allowance for credit losses and the valuation of foreclosed assets.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Reference Rate Reform – In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”), which provides relief for companies preparing for discontinuation of interest rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). LIBOR is a benchmark interest rate referenced in a variety of agreements that are used by numerous entities. On March 5, 2021, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced that the majority of LIBOR rates will no longer be published after December 31, 2021, although a number of key settings will continue until June 2023, to support the rundown of legacy contracts only. As a result, LIBOR should be discontinued as a reference rate.

Other interest rates used globally could also be discontinued for similar reasons. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. The main provisions for

contract modifications include optional relief by allowing the modification as a continuation of the existing contract without additional analysis and other optional expedients regarding embedded features. Optional expedients for hedge accounting permits changes to critical terms of hedging relationships and to the designated benchmark interest rate in a fair value hedge and also provides relief for assessing hedge effectiveness for cash flow hedges. Companies are able to apply ASU 2020-04 immediately; however, the guidance will only be available for a limited time (generally through December 31, 2022). The Company formed a LIBOR Transition Team in 2020, has created standard LIBOR replacement language for new and modified loan notes, and is monitoring the remaining loans with LIBOR rates monthly to ensure progress in updating these loans with acceptable LIBOR replacement language or converting them to other interest rates. During 2021, the Company did not offer LIBOR-indexed rates on loans which it originated, although it did participate in some shared credit agreements originated by other banks subject to the Company’s determination that the LIBOR replacement language in the loan documents met the Company’s standards. Pursuant to the Joint Regulatory Statement on LIBOR transition issued in October 2021, the Company, as of January 1, 2022, is not entering into any new LIBOR-based credit agreements and is not extending, renewing, or modifying any prior LIBOR credit agreements without requiring conversion of the agreements to other interest rates. The adoption of ASU 2020-04 has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (“ASU 2021-01”), which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the changes in the interest rates used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment for derivative instruments that are being implemented as part of the market-wide transition to new reference rates (commonly referred to as the “discounting transition”). ASU 2021-01 also amends the expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. ASU 2021-01 was effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. ASU 2021-01 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Leases - In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-05, Leases (Topic 842): Lessors-Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments (“ASU 2021-05”), that amends lease classification requirements for lessors. In accordance with ASU 2021-05, lessors should classify and account for a lease that have variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index rate as an operating lease if both of the following criteria are met: i) the lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease under the previous lease classification criteria and ii) sales-type or direct financing lease classification would result in a Day 1 loss. ASU 2021-05 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU No. 2021-05 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Fair Value Hedging - In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging - Portfolio Layer Method (“ASU 2022-01”), which clarifies the guidance on fair value hedge accounting of interest rate risk for portfolios of financial assets. This ASU amends the guidance in ASU 2017-12 that, among other things, established the “last-of-layer” method for making the fair value hedge accounting for these portfolios more accessible. ASU 2022-01 renames that method the “portfolio layer” method and expands the scope of this guidance to allow entities to apply the portfolio layer method to portfolios of all financial assets, including both prepayable and nonprepayable financial assets. This scope expansion is consistent with the FASB’s efforts to simplify hedge accounting and allows entities to apply the same method to similar hedging strategies. ASU 2022-01 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and disclosures.

Credit Losses on Financial Instruments - In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminates the accounting guidance on troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) for creditors in ASC 310-40 and amends the guidance on “vintage disclosures” to require disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. The ASU also updates the requirements related to accounting for credit losses under ASC 326 and adds enhanced disclosures for creditors with respect to loan refinancings and restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. ASU 2022-02 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and disclosures.

There have been no other significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies disclosed in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Presently, the

Company is not aware of any other changes to the Accounting Standards Codification that will have a material impact on its present or future financial position or results of operations.

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Acquisitions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions

ACQUISITIONS

Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.

On April 8, 2022, the Company completed its merger with Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. (“Spirit”) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of November 18, 2021 (“Spirit Agreement”), at which time Spirit merged with and into the Company, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation. The Company issued 18,275,074 shares of its common stock valued at approximately $464.9 million as of April 8, 2022, plus $1,393,508.90 in cash, in exchange for all outstanding shares of Spirit capital stock (and common stock equivalents) to effect the merger.

Prior to the acquisition, Spirit, headquartered in Conroe, Texas, conducted banking business through its subsidiary bank, Spirit of Texas Bank SSB, from 35 branches located primarily in the Texas Triangle - consisting of Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, San Antonio and Austin metropolitan areas - with additional locations in the Bryan-College Station, Corpus Christi and Tyler metropolitan areas, along with offices in North Central and South Texas. Including the effects of the acquisition method accounting adjustments, the Company acquired approximately $3.12 billion in assets, including approximately $2.29 billion in loans (inclusive of loan discounts), and approximately $2.72 billion in deposits.

Goodwill of $162.3 million was recorded as a result of the transaction. The merger strengthened the Company’s position in the Texas market and brought forth additional opportunities in the Company’s current footprint, which gave rise to the goodwill recorded. The goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes.

A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Spirit acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows:

(In thousands)	Acquired from Spirit		Fair Value Adjustments		Fair Value
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	$	277,790	$	—	$	277,790
Investment securities	362,088		(13,401)		348,687
Loans acquired	2,314,085		(19,925)		2,294,160
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(17,005)		11,905		(5,100)
Premises and equipment	84,135		(19,029)		65,106
Bank owned life insurance	36,890		—		36,890
Goodwill	77,681		(77,681)		—
Core deposit and other intangible assets	6,245		32,386		38,631
Other assets	58,403		3,582		61,985
Total assets acquired	$	3,200,312	$	(82,163)	$	3,118,149

(In thousands)	Acquired from Spirit		Fair Value Adjustments		Fair Value
Liabilities Assumed
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	$	825,228	$	(165)	$	825,063
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	1,383,663		—		1,383,663
Time deposits	509,209		1,081		510,290
Total deposits	2,718,100		916		2,719,016
Other borrowings	37,547		503		38,050
Subordinated debentures	36,491		879		37,370
Accrued interest and other liabilities	23,667		(3,918)		19,749
Total liabilities assumed	2,815,805		(1,620)		2,814,185
Equity	384,507		(384,507)		—
Total equity assumed	384,507		(384,507)		—
Total liabilities and equity assumed	$	3,200,312	$	(386,127)	$	2,814,185
Net assets acquired					303,964
Purchase price					466,311
Goodwill					$	162,347

The purchase price allocation and certain fair value measurements remain preliminary due to the timing of the merger. Management will continue to review the estimated fair values and evaluate the assumed tax positions. The Company expects to finalize its analysis of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities in this transaction within one year of the completion of the merger. Therefore, adjustments to the estimated amounts and carrying values may occur.

The Company’s operating results include the operating results of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities of Spirit subsequent to the acquisition date.

Landmark Community Bank

On October 8, 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of Landmark Community Bank (“Landmark”) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of June 4, 2021 (“Landmark Agreement”), at which time Landmark merged with and into Simmons Bank, with Simmons Bank continuing as the surviving entity. The Company issued 4,499,872 shares of its common stock valued at approximately $138.2 million as of October 8, 2021, plus $6,451,727.43 in cash, in exchange for all outstanding shares of Landmark capital stock (and common stock equivalents) to effect the merger.

Prior to the acquisition, Landmark, headquartered in Collierville, Tennessee, conducted banking business from 8 branches located in the Memphis and Nashville, Tennessee, metropolitan areas. Including the effects of the acquisition method accounting adjustments, the Company acquired approximately $968.8 million in assets, including approximately $789.5 million in loans (inclusive of loan discounts), and approximately $802.7 million in deposits.

Goodwill of $31.4 million was recorded as a result of the transaction. The merger strengthened the Company’s market share and brought forth additional opportunities in the Company’s current footprint, which gave rise to the goodwill recorded. The goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes.

A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Landmark acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows:

(In thousands)	Acquired from Landmark		Fair Value Adjustments		Fair Value
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	$	27,591	$	—	$	27,591
Due from banks - time	100		—		100
Investment securities	114,793		(125)		114,668
Loans acquired	785,551		3,953		789,504
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(5,980)		3,621		(2,359)
Premises and equipment	9,540		(4,099)		5,441
Bank owned life insurance	21,287		—		21,287
Core deposit intangible	88		4,071		4,159
Other assets	13,036		(4,605)		8,431
Total assets acquired	$	966,006	$	2,816	$	968,822
Liabilities Assumed
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	$	110,393	$	—	$	110,393
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	425,777		—		425,777
Time deposits	266,835		(334)		266,501
Total deposits	803,005		(334)		802,671
Other borrowings	47,023		—		47,023
Accrued interest and other liabilities	8,459		(3,122)		5,337
Total liabilities assumed	858,487		(3,456)		855,031
Equity	107,519		(107,519)		—
Total equity assumed	107,519		(107,519)		—
Total liabilities and equity assumed	$	966,006	$	(110,975)	$	855,031
Net assets acquired					113,791
Purchase price					145,195
Goodwill					$	31,404

During 2022, the Company finalized its analysis of the loans acquired along with other acquired assets and assumed liabilities related to Landmark.

The Company’s operating results include the operating results of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities of Landmark subsequent to the acquisition date.

Triumph Bancshares, Inc.

On October 8, 2021, the Company completed its merger with Triumph Bancshares, Inc. (“Triumph”) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of June 4, 2021 (“Triumph Agreement”), at which time Triumph merged with and into the Company, with the Company continuing as the surviving corporation. The Company issued 4,164,712 shares of its common stock valued at approximately $127.9 million as of October 8, 2021, plus $1,693,402.93 in cash, in exchange for all outstanding shares of Triumph capital stock (and common stock equivalents) to effect the merger.

Prior to the acquisition, Triumph, headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee, conducted banking business through its subsidiary bank, Triumph Bank, from 6 branches located in the Memphis and Nashville, Tennessee, metropolitan areas. Including the effects of the acquisition method accounting adjustments, the Company acquired approximately $847.2 million in assets, including approximately $698.8 million in loans (inclusive of loan discounts), and approximately $719.7 million in deposits.

Goodwill of $39.9 million was recorded as a result of the transaction. The merger strengthened the Company’s market share and brought forth additional opportunities in the Company’s current footprint, which gave rise to the goodwill recorded. The goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes.

A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Triumph acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows:

(In thousands)	Acquired from Triumph		Fair Value Adjustments		Fair Value
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	$	7,484	$	—	$	7,484
Due from banks - time	495		—		495
Investment securities	130,571		(1,116)		129,455
Loans acquired	702,460		(3,674)		698,786
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(12,617)		1,525		(11,092)
Premises and equipment	2,774		484		3,258
Goodwill	1,550		(1,550)		—
Core deposit intangible	—		5,136		5,136
Other assets	12,806		897		13,703
Total assets acquired	$	845,523	$	1,702	$	847,225
Liabilities Assumed
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	$	115,729	$	—	$	115,729
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	383,434		—		383,434
Time deposits	219,477		1,094		220,571
Total deposits	718,640		1,094		719,734
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase	2,854		—		2,854
Other borrowings	30,700		—		30,700
Accrued interest and other liabilities	2,882		455		3,337
Total liabilities assumed	755,076		1,549		756,625
Equity	90,446		(90,446)		—
Total equity assumed	90,446		(90,446)		—
Total liabilities and equity assumed	$	845,522	$	(88,897)	$	756,625
Net assets acquired					90,600
Purchase price					130,544
Goodwill					$	39,944

During 2022, the Company finalized its analysis of the loans acquired along with other acquired assets and assumed liabilities related to Triumph.

The Company’s operating results include the operating results of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities of Triumph subsequent to the acquisition date.

The following is a description of the methods used to determine the fair values of significant assets and liabilities presented in the acquisitions above.

Cash and due from banks and time deposits due from banks – The carrying amount of these assets is a reasonable estimate of fair value based on the short-term nature of these assets.

Investment securities – Investment securities were acquired with an adjustment to fair value based upon quoted market prices if material. Otherwise, the carrying amount of these assets was deemed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Loans acquired – Fair values for loans were based on a discounted cash flow methodology that considered factors including the type of loan and related collateral, classification status, fixed or variable interest rate, term of loan and whether or not the loan was amortizing, and current discount rates. The discount rates used for loans are based on current market rates for new originations of comparable loans and include adjustments for liquidity concerns. The discount rate does not include a factor for credit losses as that has been included in the estimated cash flows. Loans were grouped together according to similar characteristics and were treated in the aggregate when applying various valuation techniques. See Note 5, Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses, in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to purchased financial assets with credit deterioration.

Premises and equipment – Bank premises and equipment were acquired with an adjustment to fair value, which represents the difference between the Company’s current analysis of property and equipment values completed in connection with the acquisition and book value acquired.

Bank owned life insurance – Bank owned life insurance is carried at its current cash surrender value, which is the most reasonable estimate of fair value. 

Goodwill – The consideration paid as a result of the acquisition exceeded the fair value of the assets acquired, resulting in an intangible asset, goodwill. Goodwill established prior to the acquisitions, if applicable, was written off.

Core deposit intangible – This intangible asset represents the value of the relationships that the acquired banks had with their deposit customers. The fair value of this intangible asset was estimated based on a discounted cash flow methodology that gave appropriate consideration to expected customer attrition rates, cost of the deposit base and the net maintenance cost attributable to customer deposits. Any core deposit intangible established prior to the acquisitions, if applicable, was written off.

Other assets – The fair value adjustment results from certain assets whose value was estimated to be more or less than book value, such as certain prepaid assets, receivables and other miscellaneous assets. Otherwise, the carrying amount of these assets was deemed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Deposits – The fair values used for the demand and savings deposits that comprise the transaction accounts acquired, by definition equal the amount payable on demand at the acquisition date. The Company performed a fair value analysis of the estimated weighted average interest rate of the certificates of deposits compared to the current market rates and recorded a fair value adjustment for the difference when material.

Securities sold under agreement to repurchase – The carrying amount of securities sold under agreement to repurchase is a reasonable estimate of fair value based on the short-term nature of these liabilities.

Other borrowings – The fair value of other borrowings is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities.

Subordinated debentures – The fair value of subordinated debentures is estimated based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities.

Accrued interest and other liabilities – The fair value adjustment results from certain liabilities whose value was estimated to be more or less than book value, such as certain accounts payable and other miscellaneous liabilities. The adjustment also establishes a liability for unfunded commitments equal to the fair value of that liability at the date of acquisition. The carrying amount of accrued interest and the remainder of other liabilities was deemed to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.

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Investment Securities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investment Securities

INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Held-to-maturity securities (“HTM”), which include any security for which the Company has both the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity, are carried at historical cost adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the security’s estimated life. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and SBA securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date.

Available-for-sale securities (“AFS”), which include any security for which the Company has no immediate plan to sell but which may be sold in the future, are carried at fair value. Realized gains and losses, based on specifically identified amortized cost of the individual security, are included in other income. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded, net of related income tax effects, in stockholders’ equity, further discussed below. Premiums and discounts are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income using the constant effective yield method over the estimated life of the security. Prepayments are anticipated for mortgage-backed and SBA securities. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to their earliest call date.

During the quarters ended June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, the Company transferred, at fair value, $1.99 billion and $500.8 million, respectively, of securities from the available-for-sale portfolio to the held-to-maturity portfolio. The related remaining net unrealized losses of $148.3 million and net unrealized gains of $738,000, respectively, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) will be amortized over the remaining life of the securities. No gains or losses on these securities were recognized at the time of transfer.

The amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities that are classified as HTM are as follows: 

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value
Held-to-maturity
September 30, 2022
U.S. Government agencies	$	447,400	$	—	$	447,400	$	—	$	(97,871)	$	349,529
Mortgage-backed securities	1,214,882		—		1,214,882		1,069		(131,437)		1,084,514
State and political subdivisions	1,865,310		(107)		1,865,203		60		(540,980)		1,324,283
Other securities	260,868		(1,277)		259,591		—		(33,877)		225,714
Total HTM	$	3,788,460	$	(1,384)	$	3,787,076	$	1,129	$	(804,165)	$	2,984,040
December 31, 2021
U.S. Government agencies	$	232,609	$	—	$	232,609	$	—	$	(7,914)	$	224,695
Mortgage-backed securities	70,342		—		70,342		232		(1,425)		69,149
State and political subdivisions	1,210,248		(1,197)		1,209,051		6,166		(8,462)		1,206,755
Other securities	17,301		(82)		17,219		—		(440)		16,779
Total HTM	$	1,530,500	$	(1,279)	$	1,529,221	$	6,398	$	(18,241)	$	1,517,378

Mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) are commercial MBS, secured by commercial properties, and residential MBS, generally secured by single-family residential properties. All mortgage-backed securities included in the table above were issued by U.S. government agencies or corporations. As of September 30, 2022, HTM MBS consists of $150.0 million and $1.06 billion of commercial MBS and residential MBS, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, HTM MBS consists of $4.9 million and $65.5 million of commercial MBS and residential MBS, respectively.

The amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities that are classified as AFS are as follows:

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale
September 30, 2022
U.S. Treasury	$	2,250	$	—	$	—	$	(59)	$	2,191
U.S. Government agencies	195,369		—		145		(7,454)		188,060
Mortgage-backed securities	2,959,882		—		5		(289,539)		2,670,348
State and political subdivisions	1,054,356		—		244		(232,091)		822,509
Other securities	272,274		—		1		(17,840)		254,435
Total AFS	$	4,484,131	$	—	$	395	$	(546,983)	$	3,937,543
December 31, 2021
U.S. Treasury	$	300	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	300
U.S. Government agencies	374,754		—		495		(10,608)		364,641
Mortgage-backed securities	4,485,548		—		6,307		(43,239)		4,448,616
State and political subdivisions	1,791,097		—		30,556		(1,995)		1,819,658
Other securities	479,162		—		6,647		(5,479)		480,330
Total AFS	$	7,130,861	$	—	$	44,005	$	(61,321)	$	7,113,545

As of September 30, 2022, AFS MBS consists of $1.17 billion and $1.50 billion of commercial MBS and residential MBS, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, AFS MBS consists of $1.53 billion and $2.92 billion of commercial MBS and residential MBS, respectively.

Accrued interest receivable on HTM and AFS securities at September 30, 2022 was $17.7 million and $16.2 million, respectively, and is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has made the election to exclude all accrued interest receivable from securities from the estimate of credit losses.

The following table summarizes the Company’s AFS investments in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded as of September 30, 2022, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(In thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale
U.S. Treasury	$	2,191	$	(59)	$	—	$	—	$	2,191	$	(59)
U.S. Government agencies	116,968		(5,120)		53,942		(2,334)		170,910		(7,454)
Mortgage-backed securities	1,115,220		(73,690)		1,545,776		(215,849)		2,660,996		(289,539)
State and political subdivisions	536,510		(79,426)		259,147		(152,665)		795,657		(232,091)
Other securities	212,701		(14,259)		36,243		(3,581)		248,944		(17,840)
Total AFS	$	1,983,590	$	(172,554)	$	1,895,108	$	(374,429)	$	3,878,698	$	(546,983)

As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s investment portfolio included $3.94 billion of AFS securities, of which $3.88 billion, or 98.5%, were in an unrealized loss position that were not deemed to have credit losses. A portion of the unrealized losses were related to the Company’s MBS, which are issued and guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies, and the Company’s state and political subdivision securities, specifically investments in insured fixed rate municipal bonds for which the issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities.

Furthermore, the decline in fair value for each of the above AFS securities is attributable to the rates for those investments yielding less than current market rates. Management does not believe any of the securities are impaired due to reasons of credit quality. Management believes the declines in fair value for the securities are temporary. Management does not have the intent to sell the securities, and management believes it is more likely than not the Company will not have to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis.

Allowance for Credit Losses

All MBS held by the Company are issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities.

Regarding securities issued by state and political subdivisions and other HTM securities, management considers (i) issuer bond ratings, (ii) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (iii) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities, (iv) internal forecasts, and (v) whether or not such securities provide insurance or other credit enhancement or are pre-refunded by the issuers.

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by investment security type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 on the Company’s HTM securities portfolio.

(In thousands)	State and Political Subdivisions		Other Securities		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Held-to-maturity
Beginning balance, July 1, 2022	$	103	$	1,278	$	1,381
Provision for credit loss expense	—		—		—
Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities	3		(3)		—
Recoveries	1		2		3
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	107	$	1,277	$	1,384
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Held-to-maturity
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022	$	1,197	$	82	$	1,279
Provision for credit loss expense	—		—		—
Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities	(1,180)		1,180		—
Recoveries	90		15		105
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	107	$	1,277	$	1,384

Activity in the allowance for credit losses by investment security type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 on the Company’s HTM and AFS securities portfolio was as follows:

(In thousands)	State and Political Subdivisions		Other Securities		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Held-to-maturity
Beginning balance, July 1, 2021	$	871	$	261	$	1,132
Provision for credit loss expense	325		(325)		—
Recoveries	—		147		147
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	1,196	$	83	$	1,279
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Held-to-maturity
Beginning balance, January 1, 2021	$	2,307	$	608	$	2,915
Provision for credit loss expense	(1,111)		(72)		(1,183)
Securities charged-off	—		(600)		(600)
Recoveries	—		147		147
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	1,196	$	83	$	1,279
Available-for-sale
Beginning balance, January 1, 2021	$	217	$	95	$	312
Reduction due to sales	—		(11)		(11)
Net decrease in allowance on previously impaired securities	(217)		(84)		(301)
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	—	$	—	$	—

Based upon the Company’s analysis of the underlying risk characteristics of its AFS portfolio, including credit ratings and other qualitative factors, as previously discussed, there was no provision for credit losses related to AFS securities recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. There was no provision for credit losses related to AFS securities recorded in the three month period ended September 30, 2021 and it was reduced by $312,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

The following table summarizes bond ratings for the Company’s HTM portfolio, based upon amortized cost, issued by state and political subdivisions and other securities as of September 30, 2022:

	State and Political Subdivisions
(In thousands)	Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded		Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance		Pre-Refunded		Total		Other Securities
Aaa/AAA	$	187,185	$	280,768	$	—	$	467,953	$	—
Aa/AA	671,239		502,057		—		1,173,296		—
A	45,493		157,441		—		202,934		172,861
Baa/BBB	—		5,937		—		5,937		53,500
Not Rated	8,321		6,869		—		15,190		34,507
Total	$	912,238	$	953,072	$	—	$	1,865,310	$	260,868

Historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in the Company’s portfolio have generally not been significant. Pre-refunded securities, if any, have been defeased by the issuer and are fully secured by cash and/or U.S. Treasury securities held in escrow for payment to holders when the underlying call dates of the securities are reached. Securities with other credit enhancement or insurance continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities as there is no current expectation of credit losses related to these securities.

Income earned on securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Taxable:
Held-to-maturity	$	10,679	$	1,127	$	23,169	$	2,477
Available-for-sale	14,169		15,949		41,622		39,313
Non-taxable:
Held-to-maturity	10,181		4,853		26,371		9,887
Available-for-sale	5,925		8,788		21,352		27,741
Total	$	40,954	$	30,717	$	112,514	$	79,418

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by maturity of securities as of September 30, 2022 are shown in the following table. Securities are classified according to their contractual maturities without consideration of principal amortization, potential prepayments or call options. Accordingly, actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities. 

	Held-to-Maturity				Available-for-Sale
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
One year or less	$	4,519	$	4,519	$	3,165	$	3,142
After one through five years	7,671		7,449		184,193		177,833
After five through ten years	327,461		284,166		268,732		248,862
After ten years	2,233,927		1,603,392		1,067,671		836,869
Securities not due on a single maturity date	1,214,882		1,084,514		2,959,882		2,670,348
Other securities (no maturity)	—		—		488		489
Total	$	3,788,460	$	2,984,040	$	4,484,131	$	3,937,543

The carrying value, which approximates the fair value, of securities pledged as collateral, to secure public deposits and for other purposes, amounted to $3.93 billion at September 30, 2022 and $3.88 billion at December 31, 2021. 

There were approximately $8,000 of gross realized gains and $30,000 of gross realized losses from the sale and calls of securities during the three months ended September 30, 2022, and approximately $45,000 of gross realized gains and $271,000 of gross realized losses from the sale and call of securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. There were approximately $5.3 million of gross realized gains and $24,500 of gross realized losses from the sale of securities during the three months ended September 30, 2021, and approximately $15.9 million of gross realized gains and $63,600 of gross realized losses from the sale of securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The income tax expense/benefit related to security gains/losses was 26.135% of the gross amounts in 2022 and 2021.

The Company has entered into various fair value hedging transactions to mitigate the impact of changing interest rates on the fair value of AFS securities. See Note 23: Derivative Instruments for disclosure of the gains and losses recognized on derivative instruments and the cumulative fair value hedging adjustments to the carrying amount of the hedged securities.

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Other Assets And Other Liabilities Held for Sale

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Assets And Other Liabilities Held for Sale

OTHER ASSETS AND OTHER LIABILITIES HELD FOR SALE

Spirit Acquisition

In connection with the Spirit acquisition, the Company acquired a portfolio of loans which were identified as held for sale by the acquired bank prior to the completion of the acquisition. These loans were valued at $35.2 million, net of fair value discounts, at the date of acquisition. As of September 30, 2022, the remaining balance of loans held for sale, net of fair value discounts, was $2.3 million. The decrease in the remaining balance as compared to June 30, 2022, is due to continued paydowns and the sale of a portion of loans within the acquired portfolio.

As of September 30, 2022, there were no outstanding other liabilities held for sale.

Illinois Branch Sale

On November 30, 2020, the Company’s subsidiary bank, Simmons Bank, entered into a Branch Purchase and Assumption Agreement (the “Citizens Equity Agreement”) with Citizens Equity First Credit Union (“CEFCU”).

On March 12, 2021, CEFCU completed its purchase of certain assets and assumption of certain liabilities (“Illinois Branch Sale”) associated with four Simmons Bank locations in the Metro East area of Southern Illinois, near St. Louis (collectively, the “Illinois Branches”). Pursuant to the terms of the Citizens Equity Agreement, CEFCU assumed certain deposit liabilities and acquired certain loans, as well as cash, personal property and other fixed assets associated with the Illinois Branches. The loan and deposit balances of the Illinois Branches were $354,000 and $137.9 million, respectively.

The Company recognized a gain on sale of $5.3 million related to the Illinois Branches in the nine month period ended September 30, 2021.

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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

At September 30, 2022, the Company’s loan portfolio was $15.61 billion, compared to $12.01 billion at December 31, 2021. The various categories of loans are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	192,559	$	187,052
Other consumer	180,604		168,318
Total consumer	373,163		355,370
Real Estate:
Construction and development	2,372,294		1,326,371
Single family residential	2,467,008		2,101,975
Other commercial	7,249,891		5,738,904
Total real estate	12,089,193		9,167,250
Commercial:
Commercial	2,525,218		1,992,043
Agricultural	263,539		168,717
Total commercial	2,788,757		2,160,760
Other	356,022		329,123
Total loans	$	15,607,135	$	12,012,503

The above table presents total loans at amortized cost. The difference between amortized cost and unpaid principal balance is primarily premiums and discounts associated with acquisition date fair value adjustments on acquired loans as well as net deferred origination fees totaling $29.1 million and $21.5 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans held for investment, totaled $52.7 million and $39.8 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and is included in interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

Loan Origination/Risk Management – The Company seeks to manage its credit risk by diversifying its loan portfolio, determining that borrowers have adequate sources of cash flow for loan repayment without liquidation of collateral; obtaining and monitoring collateral; and providing an adequate allowance for credit losses by regularly reviewing loans through the internal loan review process. The loan portfolio is diversified by borrower, purpose and industry. The Company seeks to use diversification within the loan portfolio to reduce its credit risk, thereby minimizing the adverse impact on the portfolio if weaknesses develop in either the economy or a particular segment of borrowers. Collateral requirements are based on credit assessments of borrowers and may be used to recover the debt in case of default.

Consumer – The consumer loan portfolio consists of credit card loans and other consumer loans. Credit card loans are diversified by geographic region to reduce credit risk and minimize any adverse impact on the portfolio. Although they are regularly reviewed to facilitate the identification and monitoring of creditworthiness, credit card loans are unsecured loans, making them more susceptible to economic downturns that result in increased unemployment. Other consumer loans include direct and indirect installment loans and account overdrafts. Loans in this portfolio segment are sensitive to unemployment and other key consumer economic measures.

Real estate – The real estate loan portfolio consists of construction and development loans (“C&D”), single family residential loans and commercial loans. C&D and commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans can be particularly sensitive to valuation of real estate. CRE cycles are inevitable. The long planning and production process for new properties and rapid shifts in business conditions and employment create an inherent tension between supply and demand for commercial properties. While general economic trends often move individual markets in the same direction over time, the timing and magnitude of changes are determined by other forces unique to each market. CRE cycles tend to be local in nature and longer than other credit cycles. Factors influencing the CRE market are traditionally different from those affecting residential real estate markets; thereby making predictions for one market based on the other difficult. Additionally, submarkets within CRE – such as office, industrial, apartment, retail and hotel – also experience different cycles, providing an opportunity to lower the overall risk through diversification across types of CRE loans. Management realizes that local demand and supply conditions will also mean that different geographic areas will experience cycles of different amplitude and duration. The Company monitors these loans closely. 

Commercial – The commercial loan portfolio includes commercial and agricultural loans, representing loans to commercial customers and farmers for use in normal business or farming operations to finance working capital needs, equipment purchases or other expansion projects. Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans are also included in the commercial loan portfolio. Collection risk in this portfolio is driven by the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, particularly cash flow from customers’ business or farming operations. The Company continues its efforts to keep loan terms short, reducing the negative impact of upward movement in interest rates. Term loans are generally set up with one or three year balloons, and the Company has instituted a pricing mechanism for commercial loans. It is standard practice to require personal guaranties on commercial loans for closely-held or limited liability entities.

Paycheck Protection Program Loans – The Company originated loans pursuant to multiple PPP appropriations of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act which provided 100% federally guaranteed loans for small businesses to cover up to 24 weeks of payroll costs and assistance with mortgage interest, rent and utilities. Notably, these small business loans may be forgiven by the SBA if borrowers maintain their payrolls and satisfy certain other conditions. PPP loans have a zero percent risk-weight for regulatory capital ratios. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the total outstanding balance of PPP loans was $12.1 million and $116.7 million, respectively.

Other – The other loan portfolio includes mortgage warehouse loans, representing warehouse lines of credit to mortgage originators for the disbursement of newly originated 1-4 family residential loans. Also included in the other loan portfolio are loans to public sector customers, including state and local governments.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans – Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

The amortized cost basis of nonaccrual loans segregated by category of loans are as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	305	$	377
Other consumer	306		381
Total consumer	611		758
Real estate:
Construction and development	3,285		2,296
Single family residential	22,761		19,268
Other commercial	15,382		26,953
Total real estate	41,428		48,517
Commercial:
Commercial	15,411		18,774
Agricultural	74		152
Total commercial	15,485		18,926
Other	10		3
Total	$	57,534	$	68,204

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, nonaccrual loans for which there was no related allowance for credit losses had an amortized cost of $13.7 million and $14.5 million, respectively. These loans are individually assessed and do not hold an allowance due to being adequately collateralized under the collateral-dependent valuation method.

An age analysis of the amortized cost basis of past due loans, including nonaccrual loans, segregated by class of loans is as follows: 

(In thousands)	Gross 30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		90 Days Past Due & Accruing
September 30, 2022
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	1,348	$	267	$	1,615	$	190,944	$	192,559	$	201
Other consumer	814		119		933		179,671		180,604		—
Total consumer	2,162		386		2,548		370,615		373,163		201
Real estate:
Construction and development	1,613		1,631		3,244		2,369,050		2,372,294		—
Single family residential	11,175		11,250		22,425		2,444,583		2,467,008		—
Other commercial	5,461		8,182		13,643		7,236,248		7,249,891		—
Total real estate	18,249		21,063		39,312		12,049,881		12,089,193		—
Commercial:
Commercial	4,474		7,008		11,482		2,513,736		2,525,218		41
Agricultural	55		26		81		263,458		263,539		—
Total commercial	4,529		7,034		11,563		2,777,194		2,788,757		41
Other	—		3		3		356,019		356,022		—
Total	$	24,940	$	28,486	$	53,426	$	15,553,709	$	15,607,135	$	242

(In thousands)	Gross 30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		90 Days Past Due & Accruing
December 31, 2021
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	847	$	413	$	1,260	$	185,792	$	187,052	$	247
Other consumer	1,149		130		1,279		167,039		168,318		—
Total consumer	1,996		543		2,539		352,831		355,370		247
Real estate:
Construction and development	114		504		618		1,325,753		1,326,371		—
Single family residential	11,313		9,398		20,711		2,081,264		2,101,975		102
Other commercial	2,474		12,268		14,742		5,724,162		5,738,904		—
Total real estate	13,901		22,170		36,071		9,131,179		9,167,250		102
Commercial:
Commercial	4,812		10,074		14,886		1,977,157		1,992,043		—
Agricultural	13		117		130		168,587		168,717		—
Total commercial	4,825		10,191		15,016		2,145,744		2,160,760		—
Other	—		3		3		329,120		329,123		—
Total	$	20,722	$	32,907	$	53,629	$	11,958,874	$	12,012,503	$	349

When the Company restructures a loan to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty and grants a concession that it would not otherwise consider, a “troubled debt restructuring” (“TDR”) results and the Company classifies the loan as a TDR. The Company grants various types of concessions, primarily interest rate reduction and/or payment modifications or extensions, with an occasional forgiveness of principal.

Once an obligation has been restructured because of such credit problems, it continues to be considered a TDR until paid in full; or, if an obligation yields a market interest rate and no longer has any concession regarding payment amount or amortization, then it is not considered a TDR at the beginning of the calendar year after the year in which the improvement takes place. The Company returns TDRs to accrual status only if (1) all contractual amounts due can reasonably be expected to be repaid within a prudent period and (2) repayment has been in accordance with the contract for a sustained period, typically at least six months.

TDRs are individually evaluated for expected credit losses. The Company assesses the exposure for each modification, either by the fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of expected cash flows, and determines if a specific allowance for credit losses is needed.

The following table presents a summary of TDRs segregated by class of loans.

	Accruing TDR Loans			Nonaccrual TDR Loans			Total TDR Loans
(Dollars in thousands)	Number	Balance		Number	Balance		Number	Balance
September 30, 2022
Real estate:
Single-family residential	24	$	1,868	12	$	1,676	36	$	3,544
Other commercial	1	1		—	—		1	1
Total real estate	25	1,869		12	1,676		37	3,545
Commercial:
Commercial	—	—		3	1,351		3	1,351
Total commercial	—	—		3	1,351		3	1,351
Total	25	$	1,869	15	$	3,027	40	$	4,896

	Accruing TDR Loans			Nonaccrual TDR Loans			Total TDR Loans
(Dollars in thousands)	Number	Balance		Number	Balance		Number	Balance
December 31, 2021
Real estate:
Single-family residential	28	$	3,087	14	$	1,196	42	$	4,283
Other commercial	1	766		2	48		3	814
Total real estate	29	3,853		16	1,244		45	5,097
Commercial:
Commercial	2	436		2	1,406		4	1,842
Total commercial	2	436		2	1,406		4	1,842
Total	31	$	4,289	18	$	2,650	49	$	6,939

The following table presents loans that were restructured as TDRs during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and nine months ended September 30, 2021. There were no loans restructured as TDRs during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

(Dollars in thousands)	Number of loans	Balance Prior to TDR		Balance at September 30,		Change in Maturity Date		Change in Rate		Financial Impact on Date of Restructure
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Real estate:
Other commercial	3	$	747	$	727	$	—	$	727	$	—
Total real estate	3	$	747	$	727	$	—	$	727	$	—
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Real estate:
Other commercial	4	$	760	$	740	$	—	$	740	$	—
Total real estate	4	$	760	$	740	$	—	$	740	$	—
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Real estate:
Other commercial	1	$	784	$	778	$	—	$	778	$	—
Total real estate	1	$	784	$	778	$	—	$	778	$	—

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company modified three loans with a recorded investment of $747,000 prior to modification, which were deemed TDRs. The restructured loans were modified by reducing the interest rate on the loan. No specific reserve was recorded with respect to these TDRs. Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of these loans, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company modified four loans with a recorded investment of $760,000 prior to modification, which were deemed TDRs. The restructured loans were modified by reducing the interest rate on the loan. No specific reserve was recorded with respect to these TDRs. Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of these loans, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company modified one loan with a recorded investment of $784,000 prior to modification, which was deemed a TDR. The restructured loan was modified by deferring amortized principal payments and requiring interest only payments for a period of up to 12 months. A specific reserve of approximately $5,100 was recorded with respect to this TDR. Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of this loan, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.

Additionally, there were no loans considered TDRs for which a payment default occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 or 2021. The Company defines a payment default as a payment received more than 90 days after its due date.

There were no TDRs with pre-modification loan balances for which Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”) was received in full or partial satisfaction of the loans during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 or 2021. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $3,389,000 and $1,806,000, respectively, of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $524,000 and $831,000, respectively, of OREO secured by residential real estate properties.

Credit Quality Indicators – As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (i) the weighted-average risk rating of commercial and real estate loans, (ii) the level of classified commercial and real estate loans, (iii) net charge-offs, (iv) non-performing loans (see details above) and (v) the general economic conditions of the Company’s local markets.

The Company utilizes a risk rating matrix to assign a risk rate to each of its commercial and real estate loans. Risk ratings are updated on an ongoing basis and are subject to change by continuous loan monitoring processes including lending management monitoring, executive management and board committee oversight, and independent credit review. A description of the general characteristics of the risk ratings is as follows:

•Pass (Excellent) – This category includes loans which are virtually free of credit risk. Borrowers in this category represent the highest credit quality and greatest financial strength.

•Pass (Good) - Loans under this category possess a nominal risk of default. This category includes borrowers with strong financial strength and superior financial ratios and trends. These loans are generally fully secured by cash or equivalents (other than those rated “excellent”).

•Pass (Acceptable – Average) - Loans in this category are considered to possess a normal level of risk. Borrowers in this category have satisfactory financial strength and adequate cash flow coverage to service debt requirements. If secured, the perfected collateral should be of acceptable quality and within established borrowing parameters.

•Pass (Monitor) - Loans in the Watch (Monitor) category exhibit an overall acceptable level of risk, but that risk may be increased by certain conditions, which represent “red flags”. These “red flags” require a higher level of supervision or monitoring than the normal “Pass” rated credit. The borrower may be experiencing these conditions for the first time, or it may be recovering from weakness, which at one time justified a higher rating. These conditions may include: weaknesses in financial trends; marginal cash flow; one-time negative operating results; non-compliance with policy or borrowing agreements; poor diversity in operations; lack of adequate monitoring information or lender supervision; questionable management ability/stability.

•Special Mention - A loan in this category has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans are not adversely classified (although they are “criticized”) and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. Borrowers may be experiencing adverse operating trends or an ill-proportioned balance sheet. Non-financial characteristics of a Special Mention rating may include management problems, pending litigation, a non-existent or ineffective loan agreement or other material structural weakness, and/or other significant deviation from prudent lending practices.

•Substandard - A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. The loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. This does not imply ultimate loss of the principal, but may involve burdensome administrative expenses and the accompanying cost to carry the loan.

•Doubtful - A loan classified Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan except that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full (on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values) highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity or capital, and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of specific pending events that may strengthen the asset, its classification as loss is deferred. Pending factors include: proposed merger or acquisition; liquidation procedures; capital injection; perfection of liens on additional collateral; and refinancing plans. Loans classified as Doubtful are placed on nonaccrual status.

•Loss - Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loans has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless loan, even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. Borrowers in the Loss category are often in bankruptcy, have formally suspended debt repayments, or have otherwise ceased normal business operations. Loans should be classified as Loss and charged-off in the period in which they become uncollectible.

The Company monitors credit quality in the consumer portfolio by delinquency status. The delinquency status of loans is updated daily. A description of the delinquency credit quality indicators is as follows:

•Current - Loans in this category are either current in payments or are under 30 days past due. These loans are considered to have a normal level of risk.

•30-89 Days Past Due - Loans in this category are between 30 and 89 days past due and are subject to the Company’s loss mitigation process. These loans are considered to have a moderate level of risk.

•90+ Days Past Due - Loans in this category are 90 days or more past due and are placed on nonaccrual status. These loans have been subject to the Company’s loss mitigation process and foreclosure and/or charge-off proceedings have commenced.

The Company uses a dual risk rating scale that utilizes quantitative models and qualitative factors (“score cards”) to assist in determining the appropriate risk rating for its commercial loans. This dual risk rating methodology incorporates a “probability of default” analysis which utilizes quantified metrics such as loan terms and financial performance, as well as a “loss given default” analysis which utilizes collateral values and economics of the market, among other attributes. Model outputs are reviewed and analyzed to ensure the projected risk levels are commensurate with underwriting and credit leader expectations. The risk rating scale includes Probability of Default levels of 1 – 16 and Loss Given Default levels of A – I. The scale allows for more granular recognition of risk and diversification of grading among traditional Pass grades.

The following is a reconciliation between the expanded risk rating scale and the Company’s traditional risk rating segments utilized within the commercial loan classes presented in the credit quality indicator tables.

•Pass - Includes loans with an expanded risk rating of 1 through 11. Loans with a risk rating of 10 and 11 equate to loans included on management’s “watch list” and is intended to be utilized on a temporary basis for pass grade borrowers where a significant risk-modifying action is anticipated in the near term.

•Special Mention - Includes loans with an expanded risk rating of 12.

•Substandard - Includes loans with an expanded risk rating of 13 and 14.

•Doubtful and loss - Includes loans with an expanded risk rating of 15 and 16.

The following table presents a summary of loans by credit quality indicator, as of September 30, 2022, segregated by class of loans.

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2022 (YTD)		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and Prior		Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis		LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
Consumer - credit cards
Delinquency:
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	190,944	$	—	$	190,944
30-89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,348		—		1,348
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		267		—		267
Total consumer - credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		192,559		—		192,559
Consumer - other
Delinquency:
Current	101,692		31,531		12,111		5,375		3,465		3,514		21,980		3		179,671
30-89 days past due	279		270		68		46		17		128		6		—		814
90+ days past due	19		26		20		12		2		31		9		—		119
Total consumer - other	101,990		31,827		12,199		5,433		3,484		3,673		21,995		3		180,604
Real estate - C&D
Risk rating:
Pass	184,664		86,225		65,254		20,346		19,807		17,516		1,963,664		340		2,357,816
Special mention	252		—		—		—		—		42		9,074		—		9,368
Substandard	1,005		85		10		14		31		138		3,827		—		5,110
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate - C&D	185,921		86,310		65,264		20,360		19,838		17,696		1,976,565		340		2,372,294
Real estate - SF residential
Delinquency:
Current	544,782		426,319		265,458		162,395		216,192		509,819		314,903		4,715		2,444,583
30-89 days past due	453		1,070		1,222		420		1,786		5,435		789		—		11,175
90+ days past due	160		904		565		936		1,212		5,793		1,680		—		11,250
Total real estate - SF residential	545,395		428,293		267,245		163,751		219,190		521,047		317,372		4,715		2,467,008
Real estate - other commercial
Risk rating:
Pass	1,498,718		1,544,045		646,921		339,571		241,678		758,803		1,882,897		19,646		6,932,279
Special mention	30,970		13,928		31,702		208		6,768		37,207		49,083		—		169,866
Substandard	22,117		16,487		15,292		4,624		8,377		36,445		44,404		—		147,746
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate - other commercial	1,551,805		1,574,460		693,915		344,403		256,823		832,455		1,976,384		19,646		7,249,891
Commercial
Risk rating:
Pass	503,656		330,386		167,711		75,215		43,335		54,340		1,281,039		27,220		2,482,902
Special mention	51		1,080		34		58		8		963		2,042		—		4,236
Substandard	2,247		6,059		764		1,014		1,462		4,682		20,968		884		38,080
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial	505,954		337,525		168,509		76,287		44,805		59,985		1,304,049		28,104		2,525,218
Commercial - agriculture
Risk rating:
Pass	34,791		25,667		12,321		6,336		1,600		1,469		180,276		413		262,873
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	9		23		5		57		10		—		562		—		666
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial - agriculture	34,800		25,690		12,326		6,393		1,610		1,469		180,838		413		263,539
Other
Delinquency:
Current	96,254		30,852		8,599		5,529		20,537		26,057		167,238		953		356,019
30-89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3
Total other	96,254		30,852		8,599		5,529		20,537		26,060		167,238		953		356,022
Total	$	3,022,119	$	2,514,957	$	1,228,057	$	622,156	$	566,287	$	1,462,385	$	6,137,000	$	54,174	$	15,607,135

The following table presents a summary of loans by credit quality indicator, as of December 31, 2021, segregated by class of loans.

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016 and Prior		Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis		LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
Consumer - credit cards
Delinquency:
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	185,792	$	—	$	185,792
30-89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		847		—		847
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		413		—		413
Total consumer - credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		187,052		—		187,052
Consumer - other
Delinquency:
Current	97,830		21,885		11,712		6,756		5,416		3,833		19,607		—		167,039
30-89 days past due	265		121		164		49		219		156		175		—		1,149
90+ days past due	23		23		28		21		13		22		—		—		130
Total consumer - other	98,118		22,029		11,904		6,826		5,648		4,011		19,782		—		168,318
Real estate - C&D
Risk rating:
Pass	74,813		83,729		28,803		17,349		8,505		9,319		1,074,617		20,285		1,317,420
Special mention	—		—		270		—		—		47		—		—		317
Substandard	191		77		16		54		324		423		5,598		1,951		8,634
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate - C&D	75,004		83,806		29,089		17,403		8,829		9,789		1,080,215		22,236		1,326,371
Real estate - SF residential
Delinquency:
Current	419,605		335,788		185,190		260,037		193,110		421,957		256,155		9,422		2,081,264
30-89 days past due	1,061		883		1,662		791		1,077		4,360		1,479		—		11,313
90+ days past due	27		561		507		1,199		1,358		5,104		570		72		9,398
Total real estate - SF residential	420,693		337,232		187,359		262,027		195,545		431,421		258,204		9,494		2,101,975
Real estate - other commercial
Risk rating:
Pass	1,349,746		807,701		375,824		267,696		476,029		537,493		1,409,099		164,856		5,388,444
Special mention	28,151		30,981		2,799		6,650		39,361		4,801		38,638		1,608		152,989
Substandard	28,137		10,186		5,243		10,806		30,060		27,107		53,860		32,072		197,471
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate - other commercial	1,406,034		848,868		383,866		285,152		545,450		569,401		1,501,597		198,536		5,738,904
Commercial
Risk rating:
Pass	455,499		187,517		80,486		57,437		36,529		57,099		1,004,971		41,885		1,921,423
Special mention	670		2,482		1,066		189		261		2,770		8,500		10,499		26,437
Substandard	3,436		18,381		4,397		1,196		578		850		8,242		7,103		44,183
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial	459,605		208,380		85,949		58,822		37,368		60,719		1,021,713		59,487		1,992,043
Commercial - agriculture
Risk rating:
Pass	32,780		20,230		10,253		3,646		2,364		459		98,245		327		168,304
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	191		25		27		53		22		3		23		69		413
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial - agriculture	32,971		20,255		10,280		3,699		2,386		462		98,268		396		168,717
Other
Delinquency:
Current	24,247		4,740		1,236		22,438		6,692		5,578		264,189		—		329,120
30-89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3
Total other	24,247		4,740		1,236		22,438		6,692		5,581		264,189		—		329,123
Total	$	2,516,672	$	1,525,310	$	709,683	$	656,367	$	801,918	$	1,081,384	$	4,431,020	$	290,149	$	12,012,503

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses – The allowance for credit losses is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of lifetime expected losses based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, historical loss experience, and other qualitative considerations. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for expected loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company’s allowance for credit loss methodology includes reserve factors calculated to estimate current expected credit losses to amortized cost balances over the remaining contractual life of the portfolio, adjusted for the effective interest rate used to discount prepayments, in accordance with ASC Topic 326-20, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. Accordingly, the methodology is based on the Company’s reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, historical loss experience, and other qualitative adjustments.

Loans with similar risk characteristics such as loan type, collateral type, and internal risk ratings are aggregated into homogeneous segments for assessment. Reserve factors are based on estimated probability of default and loss given default for each segment. The estimates are determined based on economic forecasts over the reasonable and supportable forecast period based on projected performance of economic variables that have a statistical relationship with the historical loss experience of the segments. For contractual periods that extend beyond the one-year forecast period, the estimates revert to average historical loss experiences over a one-year period on a straight-line basis.

The Company also includes qualitative adjustments to the allowance based on factors and considerations that have not otherwise been fully accounted for. Qualitative adjustments include, but are not limited to:

•Changes in asset quality - Adjustments related to trending credit quality metrics including delinquency, non-performing loans, charge-offs, and risk ratings that may not be fully accounted for in the reserve factor.

•Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio - Adjustments related to current changes in the loan portfolio that are not fully represented or accounted for in the reserve factors.

•Changes in lending and loan monitoring policies and procedures - Adjustments related to current changes in lending and loan monitoring procedures as well as review of specific internal policy compliance metrics.

•Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff - Adjustments to measure increasing or decreasing credit risk related to lending and loan monitoring management.

•Changes in the value of underlying collateral of collateralized loans - Adjustments related to improving or deterioration of the value of underlying collateral that are not fully captured in the reserve factors.

•Changes in and the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit - Adjustments related to credit risk of specific industries that are not fully captured in the reserve factors.

•Changes in regional and local economic and business conditions and developments - Adjustments related to expected and current economic conditions at a regional or local-level that are not fully captured within the Company’s reasonable and supportable forecast.

•Data imprecisions due to limited historical loss data - Adjustments related to limited historical loss data that is representative of the collective loan portfolio.

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. These evaluations are typically performed on loans with a deteriorated internal risk rating or are classified as a troubled debt restructuring. The allowance for credit loss is determined based on several methods including estimating the fair value of the underlying collateral or the present value of expected cash flows.

For a collateral dependent loan, the Company’s evaluation process includes a valuation by appraisal or other collateral analysis adjusted for selling costs, when appropriate. This valuation is compared to the remaining outstanding principal balance of the loan. If a loss is determined to be probable, the loss is included in the allowance for credit losses as a specific allocation. If the loan is not collateral dependent, the measurement of loss is based on the difference between the expected and contractual future cash flows of the loan.

Loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral and where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty had an amortized cost of $77.1 million and $47.1 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, as further detailed in the table below. The collateral securing these loans consist of commercial real estate properties, residential properties, and other business assets.

(In thousands)	Real Estate Collateral		Other Collateral		Total
September 30, 2022
Construction and development	$	2,683	$	—	$	2,683
Single family residential	1,008		—		1,008
Other commercial real estate	64,772		—		64,772
Commercial	—		8,607		8,607
Total	$	68,463	$	8,607	$	77,070
December 31, 2021
Construction and development	$	2,489	$	—	$	2,489
Single family residential	1,838		—		1,838
Other commercial real estate	32,849		—		32,849
Commercial	—		9,913		9,913
Total	$	37,176	$	9,913	$	47,089

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. 

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning balance, July 1, 2022	$	32,817	$	166,481	$	6,609	$	6,704	$	212,611
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans	1,057		—		—		—		1,057
Provision for credit loss expense	(613)		(17,243)		1,119		840		(15,897)
Charge-offs	(1,873)		(130)		(903)		(506)		(3,412)
Recoveries	720		1,982		250		278		3,230
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(1,153)		1,852		(653)		(228)		(182)
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	32,108	$	151,090	$	7,075	$	7,316	$	197,589
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022	$	17,458	$	179,270	$	3,987	$	4,617	$	205,332
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans	1,911		3,187		—		2		5,100
Provision for credit loss expense	19,721		(33,436)		5,142		3,168		(5,405)
Charge-offs	(8,880)		(730)		(2,827)		(1,438)		(13,875)
Recoveries	1,898		2,799		773		967		6,437
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(6,982)		2,069		(2,054)		(471)		(7,438)
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	32,108	$	151,090	$	7,075	$	7,316	$	197,589

Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was as follows:

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Beginning balance, July 1, 2021	$	29,793	$	188,388	$	5,442	$	3,616	$	227,239
Provision for credit loss expense	(11,853)		(7,668)		(247)		(122)		(19,890)
Charge-offs	(932)		(5,941)		(711)		(463)		(8,047)
Recoveries	463		2,068		267		408		3,206
Net charge-offs	(469)		(3,873)		(444)		(55)		(4,841)
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	17,471	$	176,847	$	4,751	$	3,439	$	202,508
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Beginning balance, January 1, 2021	$	42,093	$	182,868	$	7,472	$	5,617	$	238,050
Provision for credit loss expense	(25,453)		(1,948)		(763)		(1,737)		(29,901)
Charge-offs	(2,099)		(8,068)		(2,759)		(1,577)		(14,503)
Recoveries	2,930		3,995		801		1,136		8,862
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	831		(4,073)		(1,958)		(441)		(5,641)
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	17,471	$	176,847	$	4,751	$	3,439	$	202,508

As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s allowance for credit losses was considered sufficient based upon expected loan level cash flows that were supported by economic forecasts. The provision recapture for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to a release of $16.0 million driven by a reduction to certain industry specific qualitative factors related to overall improvement from pandemic related stresses to these industries. The provision recapture for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily due to the qualitative factor reduction previously noted coupled with the improved asset credit quality metrics combined with improved Moody’s economic modeling scenarios, which more than offset the Day 2 provision expense related to the Spirit acquisition.

Reserve for Unfunded Commitments

In addition to the allowance for credit losses, the Company has established a reserve for unfunded commitments, classified in other liabilities. This reserve is maintained at a level management believes to be sufficient to absorb losses arising from unfunded loan commitments. The reserve for unfunded commitments was $41.9 million and $22.4 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The adequacy of the reserve for unfunded commitments is determined quarterly based on methodology similar to the methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses. For the three month period ended September 30, 2022, an adjustment to the reserve for unfunded commitments resulted in an expense of $16.0 million due to the overall increase in unfunded commitments, primarily made up of commercial construction loans, which receive a higher reserve allocation than other loans. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, an adjustment to the reserve for unfunded commitments resulted in an expense of $19.5 million, made up of the increase previously discussed combined with the Day 2 provision related to the Spirit acquisition. These adjustments were included in the provision for credit losses in the statement of income. No adjustment was made to the reserve for unfunded commitments during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, as it was considered sufficient to cover any loss expectations.

Provision for Credit Losses

Provision for credit losses is determined by the Company as the amount to be added to the allowance for credit loss accounts for various types of financial instruments including loans, securities and off-balance-sheet credit exposure after net charge-offs have been deducted to bring the allowance to a level which, in management’s best estimate, is necessary to absorb expected credit losses over the lives of the respective financial instruments.

The components of the provision for credit losses for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Provision for credit losses related to:
Loans	$	(15,897)	$	(19,890)	$	(5,405)	$	(29,901)
Unfunded commitments	16,000		—		19,453		—
Securities - HTM	—		—		—		(1,183)
Securities - AFS	—		—		—		(312)
Total	$	103	$	(19,890)	$	14,048	$	(31,396)

Purchased Credit Deteriorated (“PCD”) Loans

Purchased loans that reflect a more-than-insignificant deterioration of credit from origination are considered PCD. For PCD loans, the initial estimate of expected credit losses is recognized in the allowance for credit loss on the date of acquisition using the same methodology as discussed in the Allowance for Credit Losses section included above.

The following table provides a summary of loans purchased during the fourth quarter of 2021 as part of the Landmark acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition:

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Unpaid principal balance	$	11,046	$	55,549	$	—	$	67	$	66,662
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(350)		(2,008)		—		(1)		(2,359)
Non-credit related discount	(160)		(2,415)		—		(2)		(2,577)
Fair value of PCD loans	$	10,536	$	51,126	$	—	$	64	$	61,726

The following table provides a summary of loans purchased during the fourth quarter of 2021 as part of the Triumph acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition:

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Unpaid principal balance	$	40,466	$	80,803	$	—	$	15	$	121,284
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(2,999)		(8,093)		—		—		(11,092)
Non-credit related discount	(279)		(1,314)		—		(1)		(1,594)
Fair value of PCD loans	$	37,188	$	71,396	$	—	$	14	$	108,598

The following table provides a summary of loans purchased during the second quarter of 2022 as part of the Spirit acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition:

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Unpaid principal balance	$	8,258	$	66,534	$	—	$	59	$	74,851
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(1,911)		(3,187)		—		(2)		(5,100)
Non-credit related discount	(378)		(998)		—		(1)		(1,377)
Fair value of PCD loans	$	5,969	$	62,349	$	—	$	56	$	68,374

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Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities

RIGHT-OF-USE LEASE ASSETS AND LEASE LIABILITIES

The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases, which requires recognition of most leases, including operating leases, with a term greater than 12 months on the balance sheet. At lease commencement, the lease contract is reviewed to determine whether the contract is a finance lease or an operating lease; a lease liability is recognized on a discounted basis, related to the Company’s obligation to make lease payments; and a right-of-use asset is also recognized related to the Company’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The Company accounts for lease and non-lease components (such as taxes, insurance and common area maintenance costs) separately as such amounts are generally readily determinable under the lease contracts. Lease payments over the expected term are discounted using the Company’s Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advance rates for borrowings of similar term. If it is reasonably certain that a renewal or termination option will be exercised, the effects of such options are included in the determination of the expected lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company’s leases are classified as operating leases with a term, including expected renewal or termination options, greater than one year, and are related to certain office facilities and office equipment. The following table presents information as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 related to the Company’s right-of-use lease assets, included in premises and equipment, and lease liabilities, included in accrued interest and other liabilities.

	September 30,			December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2022			2021
Right-of-use lease assets	$	49,308		$	48,855
Lease liabilities	50,187			49,321
Weighted average remaining lease term	7.82 years			7.96 years
Weighted average discount rate	2.05		%	2.00		%

Operating lease cost for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 was $3.6 million and $10.5 million, respectively, as compared to $2.8 million and $8.5 million for the same periods in 2021.

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Premises and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Premises and Equipment

PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Total premises and equipment, net at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Right-of-use lease assets	$	49,308	$	48,855
Premises and equipment:
Land	123,068		101,728
Buildings and improvements	366,773		320,844
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	117,111		107,122
Software	67,515		66,947
Construction in progress	20,767		9,117
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(194,610)		(171,144)
Total premises and equipment, net	$	549,932	$	483,469

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill is tested annually, or more often than annually, if circumstances warrant, for impairment. If the implied fair value of goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, goodwill impairment is indicated, and goodwill is written down to its implied fair value. Subsequent increases in goodwill value are not recognized in the financial statements. Goodwill totaled $1.31 billion and $1.15 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Goodwill increased $163.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily due to the Spirit acquisition, along with adjustments related to the continued assessment of the fair value and assumed tax position of the Landmark and Triumph acquisitions.

Goodwill impairment was neither indicated nor recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 or the year ended December 31, 2021. During the second quarter of 2022, the Company performed an annual goodwill impairment analysis and concluded no impairment existed. Also during 2022, the Company’s share price began to decline as markets in the United States responded to record inflation and other economic pressures. As a result of the effect on share price, the Company performed interim goodwill impairment assessments during the second and third quarters and concluded no impairment existed during the periods.

Core deposit premiums represent the value of the relationships that acquired banks had with their deposit customers and are amortized over periods ranging from 10 years to 15 years and are periodically evaluated, at least annually, as to the recoverability of their carrying value. Other intangible assets represent the value of other acquired relationships, including relationships with trust and wealth management customers, and are being amortized over various periods ranging from 8 to 15 years.

Changes in the carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s core deposit premiums and other intangible assets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows: 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Core deposit premiums:
Balance, beginning of year	$	93,862	$	97,363
Acquisitions(1)	36,500		9,295
Disposition of intangible asset(2)	—		(674)
Amortization	(10,647)		(12,122)
Balance, end of period	119,715		93,862
Books of business and other intangibles:
Balance, beginning of year	12,373		13,747
Acquisitions(3)	2,131		—
Amortization	(1,160)		(1,374)
Balance, end of period	13,344		12,373
Total other intangible assets, net	$	133,059	$	106,235

_________________________

(1)    A core deposit premium of $36.5 million was recorded during 2022 as part of the Spirit acquisition. Core deposit premiums of $5.1 million and $4.2 million were recorded during 2021 as part of the Triumph and Landmark acquisitions, respectively. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on acquisitions.

(2)    Adjustments recorded for the premiums on certain deposit liabilities associated with the sale of banking operations.

(3)    The Company recorded $2.1 million during 2022 related to servicing assets acquired as part of the Spirit acquisition. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on acquisitions.

The carrying basis and accumulated amortization of the Company’s other intangible assets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows: 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Core deposit premiums:
Gross carrying amount	$	189,996	$	153,496
Accumulated amortization	(70,281)		(59,634)
Core deposit premiums, net	119,715		93,862
Books of business and other intangibles:
Gross carrying amount	22,068		19,937
Accumulated amortization	(8,724)		(7,564)
Books of business and other intangibles, net	13,344		12,373
Total other intangible assets, net	$	133,059	$	106,235

The Company’s estimated remaining amortization expense on other intangible assets as of September 30, 2022 is as follows:

(In thousands)	Year	Amortization Expense
	Remainder of 2022	$	4,108
	2023	16,306
	2024	15,403
	2025	12,819
	2026	12,346
	Thereafter	72,077
	Total	$	133,059

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Time Deposits

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Banking and Thrift, Other Disclosure [Abstract]

Time Deposits

TIME DEPOSITS

Time deposits included approximately $1.25 billion and $784.9 million of certificates of deposit over $250,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Brokered time deposits were $1.82 billion and $466.0 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

INCOME TAXES

The provision for income taxes is comprised of the following components for the periods indicated below:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Income taxes currently payable	$	14,952	$	21,500	$	35,412	$	46,566
Deferred income taxes	2,007		(2,730)		2,924		3,585
Provision for income taxes	$	16,959	$	18,770	$	38,336	$	50,151

The tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts that give rise to deferred income tax assets and liabilities, and their approximate tax effects, are as follows: 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Deferred tax assets:
Loans acquired	$	7,459	$	4,832
Allowance for credit losses	47,048		48,462
Valuation of foreclosed assets	628		628
Tax NOLs from acquisition	12,423		13,537
Deferred compensation payable	3,795		3,426
Accrued equity and other compensation	5,738		5,776
Acquired securities	19,749		223
Right-of-use lease liability	12,194		11,984
Unrealized loss on AFS securities	204,415		8,164
Allowance for unfunded commitments	10,188		5,442
Other	5,905		7,202
Gross deferred tax assets	329,542		109,676
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill and other intangible amortization	(45,070)		(38,329)
Accumulated depreciation	(24,741)		(26,347)
Right-of-use lease asset	(11,981)		(11,871)
Unrealized gain on swaps	(29,279)		(2,767)
Other	(4,233)		(3,718)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(115,304)		(83,032)
Net deferred tax asset	$	214,238	$	26,644

A reconciliation of income tax expense at the statutory rate to the Company’s actual income tax expense is shown for the periods indicated below:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Computed at the statutory rate (21%)	$	20,488	$	20,859	$	44,412	$	57,336
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	1,774		1,477		2,339		4,855
Stock-based compensation	16		(22)		(89)		15
Tax exempt interest income	(3,682)		(2,973)		(10,704)		(8,224)
Tax exempt earnings on BOLI	(509)		(435)		(1,399)		(995)
Federal tax credits	(301)		(491)		(1,838)		(1,670)
Other differences, net	(827)		355		5,615		(1,166)
Actual tax provision	$	16,959	$	18,770	$	38,336	$	50,151

The Company follows ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Benefits from tax positions should be recognized in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on the accounting for and disclosure of unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties. The Company has no history of expiring net operating loss carryforwards and is projecting significant pre-tax and financial taxable income in future years. The Company expects to fully realize its deferred tax assets in the future.

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits may increase or decrease in the future for various reasons including adding amounts for current tax year positions, expiration of open income tax returns due to the statutes of limitation, changes in management’s judgment about the level of uncertainty, status of examinations, litigation and legislative activity and the addition or elimination of uncertain tax positions.

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code imposes an annual limit on the ability of a corporation that undergoes an “ownership change” to use its U.S. net operating losses to reduce its tax liability. The Company has engaged in two tax-free reorganization transactions in which acquired net operating losses are limited pursuant to Section 382. In total, approximately $55.6 million of federal net operating losses subject to the IRC Section 382 annual limitation are expected to be utilized by the Company. All of the acquired net operating loss carryforwards are expected to be fully utilized by 2036.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction. The Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns are open and subject to examinations from the 2018 tax year and forward. The Company’s various state income tax returns are generally open from the 2018 and later tax return years based on individual state statute of limitations.

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Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Disclosure of Repurchase Agreements [Abstract]

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE

The Company utilizes securities sold under agreements to repurchase to facilitate the needs of its customers and to facilitate secured short-term funding needs. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are stated at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction. The Company monitors collateral levels on a continuous basis. The Company may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with the Company’s safekeeping agents.

The gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements was $159.5 million and $170.4 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The remaining contractual maturity of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase in the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is presented in the following tables.

	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(In thousands)	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
September 30, 2022
Repurchase agreements:
U.S. Government agencies	$	159,513	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	159,513
December 31, 2021
Repurchase agreements:
U.S. Government agencies	$	170,403	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	170,403

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Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes and Debentures

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes and Debentures

OTHER BORROWINGS AND SUBORDINATED NOTES AND DEBENTURES

Debt at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following components: 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Other Borrowings
FHLB advances, net of discount, due 2022 to 2034, 1.49% to 5.53% secured by real estate loans	$	934,147	$	1,306,143
Other long-term debt	30,625		31,830
Total other borrowings	964,772		1,337,973
Subordinated Notes and Debentures
Subordinated notes payable, due 4/1/2028, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 5.00% through 3/31/2023, floating rate of 2.15% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly)	330,000		330,000
Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly)	37,313		—
Trust preferred securities, due 9/15/2037, floating rate of 1.37% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly	—		10,310
Trust preferred securities, due 6/6/2037, floating rate of 1.57% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty	—		10,310
Trust preferred securities, due 12/15/2035, floating rate of 1.45% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty	—		6,702
Trust preferred securities, net of discount, due 6/15/2037, floating rate of 1.85% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty	—		25,329
Trust preferred securities, net of discount, due 12/15/2036, floating rate of 1.85% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty	—		3,041
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,362)		(1,561)
Total subordinated notes and debentures	365,951		384,131
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt	$	1,330,723	$	1,722,104

In March 2018, the Company issued $330.0 million in aggregate principal amount, of 5.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes (“Notes”) at a public offering price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes. The Company incurred $3.6 million in debt issuance costs related to the offering during March 2018. The Notes will mature on April 1, 2028 and will bear interest at an initial fixed rate of 5.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears. From and including April 1, 2023 to, but excluding, the maturity date or the date of earlier redemption, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the then-current three month LIBOR rate plus 215 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears. The Notes will be subordinated in right of payment to the payment of the Company’s other existing and future senior indebtedness, including all of its general creditors. The Notes are obligations of the Company only and are not obligations of, and are not guaranteed by, any of its subsidiaries. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the sale of the Notes to repay certain outstanding indebtedness. The Notes qualify for Tier 2 capital treatment.

The terms of the Company’s Notes utilize the three month LIBOR rate to determine the interest rate and expense due each quarter. The Company is currently reviewing all applicable documents and working with the debt holders and all relevant parties to determine the alternate interest rate index to be utilized, or other impacts, when LIBOR is discontinued.

The Company assumed subordinated debt in an aggregate principal amount, net of premium adjustments, of $37.4 million in connection with the Spirit acquisition in April 2022 (the “Spirit Notes”). The Spirit Notes will mature on July 31, 2030, and initially bear interest at a fixed annual rate of 6.00%, payable quarterly, in arrears, to, but excluding, July 31, 2025. From and including July 31, 2025, to, but excluding, the maturity date or earlier redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to a benchmark rate, which is expected to be the then-current three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (provided, that in the event the benchmark rate is less than zero, the benchmark rate will be deemed to be zero) plus 592 basis points, payable quarterly, in arrears.

The Company had total FHLB advances of $934.1 million and $1.31 billion at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are primarily FHLB Owns the Option (“FOTO”) advances. FOTO advances are a low cost, fixed-rate source of funding in return for granting to FHLB the flexibility to choose a termination date earlier than the maturity date and therefore are classified as short-term advances by the Company. At September 30, 2022, the FHLB advances outstanding were secured by mortgage loans and investment securities totaling approximately $6.0 billion and the Company had approximately $5.0 billion of additional advances available from the FHLB.

During the third quarter of 2022, the Company redeemed the five issuances of trust preferred securities which had an outstanding aggregate principal amount of $56.2 million. The Company recorded a loss of $365,000 related to the early retirement of debt, which represented the unamortized purchase discounts associated with the previously acquired trust preferred securities. Each of the trusts was a statutory business trust organized for the sole purpose of issuing trust securities and investing the proceeds thereof in junior subordinated debentures of the Company, the sole asset of each trust. The preferred securities of each trust represented preferred beneficial interests in the assets of the respective trusts and were subject to mandatory redemption upon payment of the junior subordinated debentures held by the trust. The common securities of each trust were wholly-owned by the Company. The trust preferred securities were tax-advantaged issues that qualified for inclusion as Tier 2 capital.

The Company’s long-term debt primarily includes subordinated debt and other notes payable. Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt at September 30, 2022, are as follows: 

Year	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2022	$	429
2023	1,783
2024	1,839
2025	4,841
2026	1,844
Thereafter	389,986
Total	$	400,722

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Contingent Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Contingent Liabilities

CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

In the ordinary course of its operations, the Company and its subsidiaries are parties to various legal proceedings incidental to the conduct of our business, including proceedings based on breach of contract claims, lender liability claims, and other ordinary-course claims, some of which seek substantial relief or damages.

On May 22, 2019, Danny Walkingstick and Whitnye Fort filed a putative class action complaint against Simmons Bank in the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri. The operative complaint alleges that Simmons Bank improperly charges overdraft fees on transactions that did not actually overdraw customers’ accounts by utilizing the checking account’s “available balance” to assess overdraft fees instead of the “ledger balance.” Plaintiffs’ claims include breach of contract and unjust enrichment, and they seek to represent a proposed class of all Simmons Bank checking account customers who were assessed an overdraft fee on a transaction that purportedly did not overdraw the account. Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages, costs, attorneys’ fees, pre- and post-judgment interest, and other relief as the Court deems proper for themselves and the putative class. Simmons Bank denies the allegations but has entered into a settlement agreement and release with the plaintiffs on behalf of themselves and the proposed class to resolve this matter, subject to the court’s final approval. The settlement is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

On January 14, 2020, Susanne Pace filed a putative class action complaint in the Circuit Court of Boone County, Missouri against Landmark Bank, formerly a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Landrum Company, to which Simmons Bank is a successor by merger in connection with the Company’s acquisition of The Landrum Company, which closed in October 2019. The complaint alleges that Landmark Bank improperly charged overdraft fees where a transaction was initially authorized on sufficient funds but later settled negative due to intervening transactions. The complaint asserts a claim for breach of contract, which incorporates the implied duty of good faith and fair dealing. Plaintiff seeks to represent a proposed class of all Landmark Bank checking account customers from Missouri who were allegedly charged overdraft fees on transactions that did not overdraw their checking account. Plaintiff seeks unspecified actual, statutory, and punitive damages as well as costs, attorneys’ fees, prejudgment interest, an injunction, and other relief as the Court deems proper for herself and the putative class. Simmons Bank denies the allegations but has entered into a settlement agreement and release with the plaintiffs on behalf of themselves and the proposed class to resolve

this matter, subject to the court’s final approval. The settlement is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

On June 29, 2020, Shunda Wilkins, Diann Graham, and David Watson filed a putative class action complaint against Simmons Bank in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas. The complaint alleges that Simmons Bank improperly charges multiple insufficient funds or overdraft fees when a merchant resubmits a rejected payment request. The complaint asserts claims for breach of contract and unjust enrichment. Plaintiffs seek to represent a proposed class of all Simmons Bank checking account customers who were charged multiple insufficient funds or overdraft fees on resubmitted payment requests. Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages, costs, attorney’s fees, pre-judgment interest, an injunction, and other relief as the Court deems proper for themselves and the purported class. Simmons Bank denies the allegations and is vigorously defending the matter.

We establish reserves for legal proceedings when potential losses become probable and can be reasonably estimated. While the ultimate resolution (including amounts thereof) of any legal proceedings, including the matters described above, cannot be determined at this time, based on information presently available and after consultation with legal counsel, management believes that the ultimate outcome in such proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our business, consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. It is possible, however, that future developments could result in an unfavorable outcome for or resolution of any of these proceedings, which may be material to our results of operations for a given fiscal period.

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Capital Stock

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Capital Stock

CAPITAL STOCK

On February 27, 2009, at a special meeting, the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation to establish 40,040,000 authorized shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value. As of September 30, 2022, the aggregate liquidation preference of all shares of preferred stock cannot exceed $80,000,000.

On October 29, 2019, the Company filed Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (“October Amended Articles”) with the Arkansas Secretary of State. The October Amended Articles classified and designated Series D Preferred Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share, out of the Company’s authorized preferred stock. On November 30, 2021, the Company redeemed all of the Series D Preferred Stock, including accrued and unpaid dividends.

On April 27, 2022, shareholders of the Company approved an increase in the number of authorized shares of its Class A common stock from 175,000,000 to 350,000,000.

Effective July 23, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s stock repurchase program originally established in October 2019 (“2019 Program”) that increased the amount of the Company’s Class A common stock that may be repurchased under the 2019 Program from a maximum of $180 million to a maximum of $276.5 million and extended the term of the 2019 Program from October 31, 2021, to October 31, 2022 (unless terminated sooner).

During January 2022, the Company substantially exhausted the repurchase capacity under the 2019 Program. As a result, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program in January 2022 (the “2022 Program”) under which the Company may repurchase up to $175.0 million of its Class A common stock currently issued and outstanding. The 2022 Program will terminate on January 31, 2024 (unless terminated sooner).

During the three month period ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 1,883,713 shares at an average price of $23.91 per share under the 2022 Program. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 513,725 shares at an average price of $31.25 per share under the 2019 Program and 3,919,037 shares at an average price of $24.26 per share under the 2022 Program, respectively. The 2022 Program repurchases were all completed during the second and third quarters of 2022. Market conditions and the Company’s capital needs will drive decisions regarding additional, future stock repurchases. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2021, the Company repurchased 1,806,205 shares at an average price of $28.48 per share and 1,937,121 shares at an average price of $28.14 per share, respectively, under the 2019 Program.

Under the 2022 Program, which replaced the 2019 Program, the Company may repurchase shares of its common stock through open market and privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. The timing, pricing, and amount of any repurchases under the 2022 Program will be determined by the Company’s management at its discretion based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, trading volume and market price of the Company’s common stock, corporate considerations, the Company’s working capital and investment requirements, general market and economic conditions, and legal requirements. The 2022 Program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any common stock and may be modified, discontinued, or suspended at any time without

prior notice. The Company anticipates funding for this 2022 Program to come from available sources of liquidity, including cash on hand and future cash flow.

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Undivided Profits

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Equity [Abstract]

Undivided Profits

UNDIVIDED PROFITS

Simmons Bank, the Company’s subsidiary bank, is subject to legal limitations on dividends that can be paid to the parent company without prior approval of the applicable regulatory agencies. The approval of the Commissioner of the Arkansas State Bank Department is required if the total of all dividends declared by an Arkansas state bank in any calendar year exceeds seventy-five percent (75%) of the total of its net profits, as defined, for that year combined with seventy-five percent (75%) of its retained net profits of the preceding year. At September 30, 2022, Simmons Bank had approximately $175.1 million available for payment of dividends to the Company, without prior regulatory approval.

The risk-based capital guidelines of the Federal Reserve Board and the Arkansas State Bank Department include the definitions for (1) a well-capitalized institution, (2) an adequately-capitalized institution, and (3) an undercapitalized institution. The criteria for a well-capitalized institution are: a 5% “Tier l leverage capital” ratio, an 8% “Tier 1 risk-based capital” ratio, 10% “total risk-based capital” ratio; and a 6.5% “common equity Tier 1 (CET1)” ratio.

The Company and Simmons Bank, must hold a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% composed of CET1 capital above its minimum risk-based capital requirements. Failure to meet this capital conservation buffer would result in additional limits on dividends, other distributions and discretionary bonuses. As of September 30, 2022, the Company and Simmons Bank met all capital adequacy requirements, including the capital conservation buffer, under the Basel III Capital Rules. The Company’s CET1 ratio was 11.73% at September 30, 2022.

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Stock-Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company’s Board of Directors has adopted various stock-based compensation plans. The plans provide for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance stock units. Pursuant to the plans, shares are reserved for future issuance by the Company upon exercise of stock options or awards of restricted stock, restricted stock units, or performance stock units granted to directors, officers and other key employees.

The table below summarizes the transactions under the Company’s active stock-based compensation plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022: 

	Stock Options Outstanding			Non-vested Stock Awards Outstanding			Non-vested Stock Units Outstanding
(Shares in thousands)	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022	473	$	22.50	2	$	22.20	1,111	$	26.49
Granted	—	—		—	—		671	26.64
Stock options exercised	(2)	13.89		—	—		—	—
Stock awards/units vested (earned)	—	—		(2)	22.20		(397)	26.42
Forfeited/expired	—	—		—	—		(80)	25.69
Balance, September 30, 2022	471	$	22.54	—	$	—	1,305	$	26.66
Exercisable, September 30, 2022	471	$	22.54

The following table summarizes information about stock options under the plans outstanding at September 30, 2022:

					Options Outstanding			Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices					Number of Shares (In thousands)	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Number of Shares (In thousands)	Weighted Average Exercise Price
$	10.65	—	$	10.65	1	0.29	$10.65	1	$10.65
20.29		—	20.29		47	2.25	20.29	47	20.29
22.20		—	22.20		51	2.48	22.20	51	22.20
22.75		—	22.75		293	2.86	22.75	293	22.75
23.51		—	23.51		72	3.30	23.51	72	23.51
24.07		—	24.07		7	2.96	24.07	7	24.07
$	10.65	—	$	24.07	471	2.82	$22.54	471	$22.54

The table below summarizes the Company’s performance stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

(In thousands)	Performance Stock Units
Non-vested, January 1, 2022	257
Granted	185
Vested (earned)	(75)
Forfeited	(12)
Non-vested,September 30, 2022	355

Stock-based compensation expense was $11.5 million and $12.6 million during the nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period for all stock-based awards. There was no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options at September 30, 2022. Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock awards and stock units was $20.5 million at September 30, 2022. At such date, the weighted-average period over which this unrecognized expense is expected to be recognized was 1.6 years.

The intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and stock options exercisable at September 30, 2022 was $86,000. Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the period, which was $21.79 as of September 30, 2022, and the exercise price multiplied by the number of options outstanding. There was no

intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, while the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $1.3 million.

The fair value of the Company’s employee stock options granted is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, changes to which can materially affect the fair value estimate. There were no stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

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Earnings Per Share ("EPS")

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share ("EPS")

EARNINGS PER SHARE (“EPS”)

Basic EPS is computed by dividing reported net income available to common stockholders by weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing reported net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares and all potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period.

The computation of earnings per share is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income available to common stockholders	$	80,603	$	80,561	$	173,152	$	222,879
Average common shares outstanding	127,884		107,822		122,935		108,130
Average potential dilutive common shares	452		538		452		538
Average diluted common shares	128,336		108,360		123,387		108,668
Basic earnings per share	$	0.63	$	0.75	$	1.41	$	2.06
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.63	$	0.74	$	1.40	$	2.05

There were 99,837 stock options excluded from the three months ended September 30, 2022 earnings per share calculation due to the related stock option exercise price exceeding the average market price of the Company’s stock during the period. There were no stock options excluded from the earnings per share calculation for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to the related exercise price exceeding the average market price. There were no stock options excluded from the earnings per share calculation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 due to the related stock option exercise price exceeding the average market price.

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Additional Cash Flow Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Additional Cash Flow Information

ADDITIONAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

The following is a summary of the Company’s additional cash flow information:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Interest paid	$	66,744	$	59,535
Income taxes (refunded) paid	14,674		46,693
Transfers of loans to foreclosed assets held for sale	632		3,516
Transfers of premises held for sale to other real estate owned	—		4,368
Transfers of assets held for sale to other assets	100		—
Transfers of premises held for sale to premises	—		5,610
Transfers of available-for-sale to held-to-maturity securities	1,992,542		500,809

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Other Income and Other Operating Expenses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Other Income and Other Operating Expenses

OTHER INCOME AND OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES

Other income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $6.7 million and $20.8 million, respectively. Other income for the same periods in 2021 was $6.4 million and $25.3 million, respectively. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized a gain on sale of $5.3 million related to the sale of banking operations and bank branches.

Other operating expenses consisted of the following:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Professional services	$	4,339	$	4,399	$	13,987	$	14,207
Postage	2,385		1,964		6,728		6,277
Telephone	1,668		1,516		4,921		4,758
Credit card expense	3,149		2,727		8,892		7,588
Marketing	6,662		5,019		21,556		12,912
Software and technology	10,340		10,134		30,565		30,242
Operating supplies	441		605		1,852		2,013
Amortization of intangibles	4,225		3,332		11,807		10,008
Branch right sizing expense	1,170		(3,280)		2,371		(2,187)
Other expense	10,705		8,149		28,534		22,008
Total other operating expenses	$	45,084	$	34,565	$	131,213	$	107,826

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Certain Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Certain Transactions

CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS

From time to time, the Company and its subsidiaries have made loans, other extensions of credit, and vendor contracts to directors, officers, their associates and members of their immediate families. Additionally, some directors, officers and their associates and members of their immediate families have placed deposits with the Company’s subsidiary bank, Simmons Bank. Such loans and other extensions of credit, deposits and vendor contracts (which were not material) were made in the ordinary course of business, on substantially the same terms (including interest rates and collateral) as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons or through a competitive bid process. Further, in management’s opinion, these extensions of credit did not involve more than normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

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Commitments and Credit Risk

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Credit Risk

COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT RISK

The Company grants agribusiness, commercial and residential loans to customers primarily throughout Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee and Texas, along with credit card loans to customers throughout the United States. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since a portion of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Each customer’s creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies, but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, commercial real estate and residential real estate.

At September 30, 2022, the Company had outstanding commitments to extend credit aggregating approximately $696.7 million and $5.62 billion for credit card commitments and other loan commitments, respectively. At December 31, 2021, the Company had outstanding commitments to extend credit aggregating approximately $685.3 million and $3.41 billion for credit card commitments and other loan commitments, respectively.

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had outstanding commitments to originate fixed rate-rate mortgage loans of approximately $37.2 million. At December 31, 2021, the Company had outstanding commitments to originate fixed-rate mortgage loans of approximately $108.5 million. 

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial

paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. The Company had total outstanding letters of credit amounting to $50.6 million and $37.7 million at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively, with terms ranging from 9 months to 15 years. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had no deferred revenue under standby letter of credit agreements.

The Company has purchased letters of credit from the FHLB as security for certain public deposits. The amount of the letters of credit was $113.8 million and $59.1 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and they expire in less than one year from issuance.

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Topic 820 describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: 

•Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 Inputs – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3 Inputs – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality and the Company’s creditworthiness, among other things, as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time. The Company’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes the Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Furthermore, the reported fair value amounts have not been comprehensively revalued since the presentation dates, and therefore, estimates of fair value after the balance sheet date may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein. A more detailed description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below.

Following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Available-for-sale securities – Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities would include highly liquid government bonds, mortgage products and certain other financial products. Other securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the security’s terms and conditions, among other things. In order to ensure the fair values are consistent with ASC Topic 820, the Company periodically checks the fair values by comparing them to another pricing source, such as Bloomberg. The availability of pricing confirms Level 2 classification in the fair value hierarchy. The third-party pricing service is subject to an annual review of internal controls. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy. The Company’s investment in U.S. Treasury securities, if any, is reported at fair value utilizing Level 1 inputs. The remainder of the Company’s available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs.

Mortgage loans held for sale – Mortgage loans held for sale are reported at fair value on an aggregate basis. Adjustments to fair value are recognized monthly and reflected in earnings. In determining the fair value of loans held for sale, the Company may consider outstanding investor commitments, discounted cash flow analyses with market assumptions or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Such loans are classified within either Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Where assumptions are made using significant unobservable inputs, such loans held for sale are classified as Level 3. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the aggregate fair value of mortgage loans held for sale exceeded their cost.

Derivative instruments – The Company’s derivative instruments are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. The Company obtains fair value measurements from dealer quotes.

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets by level within the fair value hierarchy that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

			Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2022
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	2,191	$	2,191	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government agencies	188,060		—		188,060		—
Mortgage-backed securities	2,670,348		—		2,670,348		—
State and political subdivisions	822,509		—		822,509		—
Other securities	254,435		—		254,435		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	12,759		—		—		12,759
Derivative asset	149,637		—		149,637		—
Derivative liability	(39,119)		—		(39,119)		—
December 31, 2021
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	300	$	300	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government agencies	364,641		—		364,641		—
Mortgage-backed securities	4,448,616		—		4,448,616		—
States and political subdivisions	1,819,658		—		1,819,658		—
Other securities	480,330		—		480,330		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	36,356		—		—		36,356
Derivative asset	25,852		—		25,852		—
Derivative liability	(15,443)		—		(15,443)		—

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include the following:

Individually assessed loans (collateral-dependent) – When the Company has a specific expectation to initiate, or has initiated, foreclosure proceedings, and when the repayment of a loan is expected to be substantially dependent on the liquidation of underlying collateral, the relationship is deemed collateral-dependent. Fair value of the loan is determined by establishing an allowance for credit loss for any exposure based on the valuation of the underlying collateral. The valuation of the collateral is determined by either an independent third-party appraisal or other collateral analysis. Discounts can be made by the Company based upon the overall evaluation of the independent appraisal. Collateral-dependent loans are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy due to the unobservable inputs used in determining their fair value such as collateral values and the borrower’s underlying financial condition. Collateral values supporting the individually assessed loans are evaluated quarterly for updates to appraised values or adjustments due to non-current valuations.

Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned – Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned are reported at fair value, less estimated costs to sell. At foreclosure, if the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, of the real estate acquired is less than the Company’s recorded investment in the related loan, a write-down is recognized through a charge to the allowance for credit losses. Additionally, valuations are periodically performed by management and any subsequent reduction in value is recognized by a charge to income. The fair value of foreclosed assets and other real estate owned is estimated using Level 3 inputs based on unobservable market data.

The significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in the fair value measurement of collateral for collateral-dependent loans and foreclosed assets primarily relate to the specialized discounting criteria applied to the borrower’s reported amount of collateral. The amount of the collateral discount depends upon the condition and marketability of the collateral, as well as other factors which may affect the collectability of the loan. Management’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset. It is reasonably possible that a change in the estimated fair value for instruments measured using Level 3 inputs could occur in the future. As the Company’s primary objective in the event of default would be to liquidate the collateral to settle the outstanding balance of the loan, collateral that is less marketable would receive a larger discount.

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets by level within the fair value hierarchy that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. 

			Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2022
Individually assessed loans (1) (2) (collateral-dependent)	$	77,070	$	—	$	—	$	77,070
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned (1)	2,897		—		—		2,897
December 31, 2021
Individually assessed loans (1) (2) (collateral-dependent)	$	47,089	$	—	$	—	$	47,089
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned (1)	4,875		—		—		4,875

________________________

(1)These amounts represent the resulting carrying amounts on the consolidated balance sheets for collateral-dependent loans and foreclosed assets and other real estate owned for which fair value re-measurements took place during the period.

(2)Identified reserves of $10,783,000 and $4,214,000 were related to collateral-dependent loans for which fair value re-measurements took place during the periods ended September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure in annual and interim financial statements of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments not previously disclosed.

Cash and cash equivalents – The carrying amount for cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value (Level 1).

Interest bearing balances due from banks – The fair value of interest bearing balances due from banks – time is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies the rates currently offered on deposits of similar remaining maturities (Level 2).

Held-to-maturity securities – Fair values for held-to-maturity securities equal quoted market prices, if available, such as for highly liquid government bonds (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are estimated based on quoted market prices of similar securities. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the security’s terms and conditions, among other things (Level 2). In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy.

Loans and other loans held for sale – The fair value of loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows, using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. Additional factors considered include the type of loan and related collateral, variable or fixed rate, classification status, remaining term, interest rate, historical delinquencies, loan to value ratios, current market rates and remaining loan balance. The loans were grouped together according to similar characteristics and were treated in the aggregate when applying various valuation techniques. The discount rates used for loans were based on current market rates for new originations of similar loans. Estimated credit losses were also factored into the projected cash flows of the loans. The fair value of loans is estimated on an exit price basis incorporating the above factors (Level 3).

Deposits – The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts and money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amount) (Level 2). The fair value of fixed-maturity time deposits is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities (Level 3).

Federal Funds purchased, securities sold under agreement to repurchase and short-term debt – The carrying amount for Federal funds purchased, securities sold under agreement to repurchase and short-term debt are a reasonable estimate of fair value (Level 2).

Other borrowings – For short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. For long-term debt, rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities are used to estimate the fair value (Level 2).

Subordinated debentures – The fair value of subordinated debentures is estimated using the rates that would be charged for subordinated debentures of similar remaining maturities (Level 2).

Accrued interest receivable/payable – The carrying amounts of accrued interest approximated fair value (Level 2).

Commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and lines of credit – The fair value of commitments is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair values of letters of credit and lines of credit are based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date.

The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

The estimated fair values, and related carrying amounts, of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:

	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2022
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	679,410	$	679,410	$	—	$	—	$	679,410
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	1,290		—		1,290		—		1,290
Held-to-maturity securities, net	3,787,076		—		2,984,040		—		2,984,040
Interest receivable	86,637		—		86,637		—		86,637
Loans and other loans held for sale, net	15,411,838		—		—		14,967,078		14,967,078
Financial liabilities:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	6,218,283		—		6,218,283		—		6,218,283
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	12,103,994		—		12,103,994		—		12,103,994
Time deposits	3,826,415		—		—		3,761,408		3,761,408
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	168,513		—		168,513		—		168,513
Other borrowings	964,772		—		961,666		—		961,666
Subordinated notes and debentures	365,951		—		362,823		—		362,823
Interest payable	13,077		—		13,077		—		13,077
December 31, 2021
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,650,653	$	1,650,653	$	—	$	—	$	1,650,653
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	1,882		—		1,882		—		1,882
Held-to-maturity securities, net	1,529,221		—		1,517,378		—		1,517,378
Interest receivable	72,990		—		72,990		—		72,990
Loans and other loans held for sale, net	11,807,171		—		—		11,922,735		11,922,735
Financial liabilities:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	5,325,318		—		5,325,318		—		5,325,318
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	11,588,770		—		11,588,770		—		11,588,770
Time deposits	2,452,460		—		—		2,451,055		2,451,055
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	185,403		—		185,403		—		185,403
Other borrowings	1,337,973		—		1,393,711		—		1,393,711
Subordinated notes and debentures	384,131		—		394,464		—		394,464
Interest payable	6,759		—		6,759		—		6,759

The fair value of commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and lines of credit is not presented since management believes the fair value to be insignificant.

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Derivative Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The Company utilizes derivative instruments to manage exposure to various types of interest rate risk for itself and its customers within policy guidelines. Transactions should only be entered into with an associated underlying exposure. All derivative instruments are carried at fair value.

Derivative contracts involve the risk of dealing with institutional derivative counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. Institutional counterparties must have an investment grade credit rating and be approved by the Company’s asset/liability management committee. In arranging these products for its customers, the Company assumes additional credit risk from the customer and from the dealer counterparty with whom the transaction is undertaken. Credit risk exists due to the default credit risk created in the exchange of the payments over a period of time. Credit exposure on interest rate swaps is limited to the net favorable value and interest payments of all swaps with each counterparty. Access to collateral in the event of default is reasonably assured. Therefore, credit exposure may be reduced by the amount of collateral pledged by the counterparty.

Hedge Structures

The Company will seek to enter derivative structures that most effectively address the risk exposure and structural terms of the underlying position being hedged. The term and notional principal amount of a hedge transaction will not exceed the term or principal amount of the underlying exposure. In addition, the Company will use hedge indices which are the same as, or highly correlated to, the index or rate on the underlying exposure. Derivative credit exposure is monitored on an ongoing basis for each customer transaction and aggregate exposure to each counterparty is tracked. The Company has set a maximum outstanding notional contract amount at 10% of the Company’s assets.

Fair Value Hedges

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings. The gain or loss on the derivative instrument is presented on the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. During the third quarter of 2021, the Company began utilizing interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges to mitigate the effect of changing interest rates on the fair values of fixed rate callable AFS securities. The hedging strategy converts the fixed interest rates to variable interest rates based on federal funds rates.

The following table summarizes the fair value hedges recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

				September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	Weighted Average Pay Rate	Receive Rate	Notional		Fair Value		Notional		Fair Value
Derivative assets	Other assets	1.21%	Federal Funds	$	999,700	$	110,469	$	1,001,715	$	10,524

The following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to carrying amounts and cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.

	Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets
Line Item on the Balance Sheet (In thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Investment securities - Available-for-sale	$	716,275	$	1,063,173	$	110,469	$	10,524

Customer Risk Management Interest Rate Swaps

The Company’s qualified loan customers have the opportunity to participate in its interest rate swap program for the purpose of managing interest rate risk on their variable rate loans with the Company. The Company enters into such agreements with customers, then offsetting agreements are executed between the Company and an approved dealer counterparty to minimize market risk from changes in interest rates. The counterparty contracts are identical to customer contracts in terms of notional amounts, interest rates, and maturity dates, except for a fixed pricing spread or fee paid to the Company by the dealer counterparty. These interest rate swaps carry varying degrees of credit, interest rate and market or liquidity risks. The fair value of these derivative instruments is recognized as either derivative assets or liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company has a limited number of swaps that are standalone without a similar agreement with the loan customer.

The following table summarizes the fair values of loan derivative contracts recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Notional		Fair Value		Notional		Fair Value
Derivative assets	$	431,588	$	39,168	$	318,428	$	15,328
Derivative liabilities	432,582		39,119		321,985		15,443

Risk Participation Agreements

The Company has a limited number of Risk Participation Agreement swaps, that are associated with loan participations, where the Company is not the counterparty to the interest rate swaps that are associated with the risk participation sold. The interest rate swap mark to market only impacts the Company if the swap is in a liability position to the counterparty and the customer defaults on payments to the counterparty. The notional amount of these contingent agreements is $15.6 million as of September 30, 2022.

Energy Hedging

The Company provides energy derivative services to qualifying, high quality oil and gas borrowers for hedging purposes. The Company serves as an intermediary on energy derivative products between the Company’s borrowers and dealers. The Company will only enter into back-to-back trades, thus maintaining a balanced book between the dealer and the borrower.

Energy hedging risk exposure to the Company’s customer increases as energy prices for crude oil and natural gas rise. As prices decrease, exposure to the exchange increases. These risks are mitigated by customer credit underwriting policies and establishing a predetermined hedge line for each borrower and by monitoring the exchange margin.

The outstanding notional value as of September 30, 2022 for energy hedging Customer Sell to Company swaps were $6.4 million and the corresponding Company Sell to Dealer swaps were $6.4 million and the corresponding net fair value of the derivative asset and derivative liability was $82,400.

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Preparation of Interim Financial Statements (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared based upon Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules that permit reduced disclosures for interim periods. Certain information and footnote disclosures have been condensed or omitted in accordance with those rules and regulations. The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021, was derived from audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of interim results of operations, including normal recurring accruals. Significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. For a more complete discussion of significant accounting policies and certain other information, this report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, which was filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022.

The preparation of financial statements, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income items and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The estimates and assumptions used in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are based upon management’s evaluation of the relevant facts and circumstances as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and actual results may differ from these estimates. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the Company’s allowance for credit losses.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, the valuation of real estate acquired in connection with foreclosures or in satisfaction of loans and the valuation of acquired loans. Management obtains independent appraisals for significant properties in connection with the determination of the allowance for credit losses and the valuation of foreclosed assets.

Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Reference Rate Reform – In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”), which provides relief for companies preparing for discontinuation of interest rates such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). LIBOR is a benchmark interest rate referenced in a variety of agreements that are used by numerous entities. On March 5, 2021, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced that the majority of LIBOR rates will no longer be published after December 31, 2021, although a number of key settings will continue until June 2023, to support the rundown of legacy contracts only. As a result, LIBOR should be discontinued as a reference rate.

Other interest rates used globally could also be discontinued for similar reasons. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. The main provisions for

contract modifications include optional relief by allowing the modification as a continuation of the existing contract without additional analysis and other optional expedients regarding embedded features. Optional expedients for hedge accounting permits changes to critical terms of hedging relationships and to the designated benchmark interest rate in a fair value hedge and also provides relief for assessing hedge effectiveness for cash flow hedges. Companies are able to apply ASU 2020-04 immediately; however, the guidance will only be available for a limited time (generally through December 31, 2022). The Company formed a LIBOR Transition Team in 2020, has created standard LIBOR replacement language for new and modified loan notes, and is monitoring the remaining loans with LIBOR rates monthly to ensure progress in updating these loans with acceptable LIBOR replacement language or converting them to other interest rates. During 2021, the Company did not offer LIBOR-indexed rates on loans which it originated, although it did participate in some shared credit agreements originated by other banks subject to the Company’s determination that the LIBOR replacement language in the loan documents met the Company’s standards. Pursuant to the Joint Regulatory Statement on LIBOR transition issued in October 2021, the Company, as of January 1, 2022, is not entering into any new LIBOR-based credit agreements and is not extending, renewing, or modifying any prior LIBOR credit agreements without requiring conversion of the agreements to other interest rates. The adoption of ASU 2020-04 has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (“ASU 2021-01”), which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the changes in the interest rates used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment for derivative instruments that are being implemented as part of the market-wide transition to new reference rates (commonly referred to as the “discounting transition”). ASU 2021-01 also amends the expedients and exceptions in ASC 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. ASU 2021-01 was effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. ASU 2021-01 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

Leases - In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-05, Leases (Topic 842): Lessors-Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments (“ASU 2021-05”), that amends lease classification requirements for lessors. In accordance with ASU 2021-05, lessors should classify and account for a lease that have variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index rate as an operating lease if both of the following criteria are met: i) the lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease under the previous lease classification criteria and ii) sales-type or direct financing lease classification would result in a Day 1 loss. ASU 2021-05 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU No. 2021-05 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Fair Value Hedging - In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging - Portfolio Layer Method (“ASU 2022-01”), which clarifies the guidance on fair value hedge accounting of interest rate risk for portfolios of financial assets. This ASU amends the guidance in ASU 2017-12 that, among other things, established the “last-of-layer” method for making the fair value hedge accounting for these portfolios more accessible. ASU 2022-01 renames that method the “portfolio layer” method and expands the scope of this guidance to allow entities to apply the portfolio layer method to portfolios of all financial assets, including both prepayable and nonprepayable financial assets. This scope expansion is consistent with the FASB’s efforts to simplify hedge accounting and allows entities to apply the same method to similar hedging strategies. ASU 2022-01 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and disclosures.

Credit Losses on Financial Instruments - In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminates the accounting guidance on troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) for creditors in ASC 310-40 and amends the guidance on “vintage disclosures” to require disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. The ASU also updates the requirements related to accounting for credit losses under ASC 326 and adds enhanced disclosures for creditors with respect to loan refinancings and restructurings made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. ASU 2022-02 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and disclosures.

There have been no other significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies disclosed in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Presently, the

Company is not aware of any other changes to the Accounting Standards Codification that will have a material impact on its present or future financial position or results of operations.

Income Taxes

The Company follows ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, which prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Benefits from tax positions should be recognized in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. ASC Topic 740 also provides guidance on the accounting for and disclosure of unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties. The Company has no history of expiring net operating loss carryforwards and is projecting significant pre-tax and financial taxable income in future years. The Company expects to fully realize its deferred tax assets in the future.

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits may increase or decrease in the future for various reasons including adding amounts for current tax year positions, expiration of open income tax returns due to the statutes of limitation, changes in management’s judgment about the level of uncertainty, status of examinations, litigation and legislative activity and the addition or elimination of uncertain tax positions.

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Acquisitions (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Spirit acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows:

(In thousands)	Acquired from Spirit		Fair Value Adjustments		Fair Value
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	$	277,790	$	—	$	277,790
Investment securities	362,088		(13,401)		348,687
Loans acquired	2,314,085		(19,925)		2,294,160
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(17,005)		11,905		(5,100)
Premises and equipment	84,135		(19,029)		65,106
Bank owned life insurance	36,890		—		36,890
Goodwill	77,681		(77,681)		—
Core deposit and other intangible assets	6,245		32,386		38,631
Other assets	58,403		3,582		61,985
Total assets acquired	$	3,200,312	$	(82,163)	$	3,118,149

(In thousands)	Acquired from Spirit		Fair Value Adjustments		Fair Value
Liabilities Assumed
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	$	825,228	$	(165)	$	825,063
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	1,383,663		—		1,383,663
Time deposits	509,209		1,081		510,290
Total deposits	2,718,100		916		2,719,016
Other borrowings	37,547		503		38,050
Subordinated debentures	36,491		879		37,370
Accrued interest and other liabilities	23,667		(3,918)		19,749
Total liabilities assumed	2,815,805		(1,620)		2,814,185
Equity	384,507		(384,507)		—
Total equity assumed	384,507		(384,507)		—
Total liabilities and equity assumed	$	3,200,312	$	(386,127)	$	2,814,185
Net assets acquired					303,964
Purchase price					466,311
Goodwill					$	162,347

A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Landmark acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows:

(In thousands)	Acquired from Landmark		Fair Value Adjustments		Fair Value
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	$	27,591	$	—	$	27,591
Due from banks - time	100		—		100
Investment securities	114,793		(125)		114,668
Loans acquired	785,551		3,953		789,504
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(5,980)		3,621		(2,359)
Premises and equipment	9,540		(4,099)		5,441
Bank owned life insurance	21,287		—		21,287
Core deposit intangible	88		4,071		4,159
Other assets	13,036		(4,605)		8,431
Total assets acquired	$	966,006	$	2,816	$	968,822
Liabilities Assumed
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	$	110,393	$	—	$	110,393
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	425,777		—		425,777
Time deposits	266,835		(334)		266,501
Total deposits	803,005		(334)		802,671
Other borrowings	47,023		—		47,023
Accrued interest and other liabilities	8,459		(3,122)		5,337
Total liabilities assumed	858,487		(3,456)		855,031
Equity	107,519		(107,519)		—
Total equity assumed	107,519		(107,519)		—
Total liabilities and equity assumed	$	966,006	$	(110,975)	$	855,031
Net assets acquired					113,791
Purchase price					145,195
Goodwill					$	31,404

A summary, at fair value, of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Triumph acquisition, as of the acquisition date, is as follows:

(In thousands)	Acquired from Triumph		Fair Value Adjustments		Fair Value
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	$	7,484	$	—	$	7,484
Due from banks - time	495		—		495
Investment securities	130,571		(1,116)		129,455
Loans acquired	702,460		(3,674)		698,786
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(12,617)		1,525		(11,092)
Premises and equipment	2,774		484		3,258
Goodwill	1,550		(1,550)		—
Core deposit intangible	—		5,136		5,136
Other assets	12,806		897		13,703
Total assets acquired	$	845,523	$	1,702	$	847,225
Liabilities Assumed
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	$	115,729	$	—	$	115,729
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	383,434		—		383,434
Time deposits	219,477		1,094		220,571
Total deposits	718,640		1,094		719,734
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase	2,854		—		2,854
Other borrowings	30,700		—		30,700
Accrued interest and other liabilities	2,882		455		3,337
Total liabilities assumed	755,076		1,549		756,625
Equity	90,446		(90,446)		—
Total equity assumed	90,446		(90,446)		—
Total liabilities and equity assumed	$	845,522	$	(88,897)	$	756,625
Net assets acquired					90,600
Purchase price					130,544
Goodwill					$	39,944

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Investment Securities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity

The amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities that are classified as HTM are as follows: 

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value
Held-to-maturity
September 30, 2022
U.S. Government agencies	$	447,400	$	—	$	447,400	$	—	$	(97,871)	$	349,529
Mortgage-backed securities	1,214,882		—		1,214,882		1,069		(131,437)		1,084,514
State and political subdivisions	1,865,310		(107)		1,865,203		60		(540,980)		1,324,283
Other securities	260,868		(1,277)		259,591		—		(33,877)		225,714
Total HTM	$	3,788,460	$	(1,384)	$	3,787,076	$	1,129	$	(804,165)	$	2,984,040
December 31, 2021
U.S. Government agencies	$	232,609	$	—	$	232,609	$	—	$	(7,914)	$	224,695
Mortgage-backed securities	70,342		—		70,342		232		(1,425)		69,149
State and political subdivisions	1,210,248		(1,197)		1,209,051		6,166		(8,462)		1,206,755
Other securities	17,301		(82)		17,219		—		(440)		16,779
Total HTM	$	1,530,500	$	(1,279)	$	1,529,221	$	6,398	$	(18,241)	$	1,517,378

Debt Securities, Available-for-sale

The amortized cost, fair value and allowance for credit losses of investment securities that are classified as AFS are as follows:

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale
September 30, 2022
U.S. Treasury	$	2,250	$	—	$	—	$	(59)	$	2,191
U.S. Government agencies	195,369		—		145		(7,454)		188,060
Mortgage-backed securities	2,959,882		—		5		(289,539)		2,670,348
State and political subdivisions	1,054,356		—		244		(232,091)		822,509
Other securities	272,274		—		1		(17,840)		254,435
Total AFS	$	4,484,131	$	—	$	395	$	(546,983)	$	3,937,543
December 31, 2021
U.S. Treasury	$	300	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	300
U.S. Government agencies	374,754		—		495		(10,608)		364,641
Mortgage-backed securities	4,485,548		—		6,307		(43,239)		4,448,616
State and political subdivisions	1,791,097		—		30,556		(1,995)		1,819,658
Other securities	479,162		—		6,647		(5,479)		480,330
Total AFS	$	7,130,861	$	—	$	44,005	$	(61,321)	$	7,113,545

Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Unrealized Loss Position, Fair Value

The following table summarizes the Company’s AFS investments in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded as of September 30, 2022, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
(In thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale
U.S. Treasury	$	2,191	$	(59)	$	—	$	—	$	2,191	$	(59)
U.S. Government agencies	116,968		(5,120)		53,942		(2,334)		170,910		(7,454)
Mortgage-backed securities	1,115,220		(73,690)		1,545,776		(215,849)		2,660,996		(289,539)
State and political subdivisions	536,510		(79,426)		259,147		(152,665)		795,657		(232,091)
Other securities	212,701		(14,259)		36,243		(3,581)		248,944		(17,840)
Total AFS	$	1,983,590	$	(172,554)	$	1,895,108	$	(374,429)	$	3,878,698	$	(546,983)

Debt Securities, Allowance for Credit Loss

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by investment security type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 on the Company’s HTM securities portfolio.

(In thousands)	State and Political Subdivisions		Other Securities		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Held-to-maturity
Beginning balance, July 1, 2022	$	103	$	1,278	$	1,381
Provision for credit loss expense	—		—		—
Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities	3		(3)		—
Recoveries	1		2		3
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	107	$	1,277	$	1,384
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Held-to-maturity
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022	$	1,197	$	82	$	1,279
Provision for credit loss expense	—		—		—
Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities	(1,180)		1,180		—
Recoveries	90		15		105
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	107	$	1,277	$	1,384

Activity in the allowance for credit losses by investment security type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 on the Company’s HTM and AFS securities portfolio was as follows:

(In thousands)	State and Political Subdivisions		Other Securities		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Held-to-maturity
Beginning balance, July 1, 2021	$	871	$	261	$	1,132
Provision for credit loss expense	325		(325)		—
Recoveries	—		147		147
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	1,196	$	83	$	1,279
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Held-to-maturity
Beginning balance, January 1, 2021	$	2,307	$	608	$	2,915
Provision for credit loss expense	(1,111)		(72)		(1,183)
Securities charged-off	—		(600)		(600)
Recoveries	—		147		147
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	1,196	$	83	$	1,279
Available-for-sale
Beginning balance, January 1, 2021	$	217	$	95	$	312
Reduction due to sales	—		(11)		(11)
Net decrease in allowance on previously impaired securities	(217)		(84)		(301)
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	—	$	—	$	—

Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator

The following table summarizes bond ratings for the Company’s HTM portfolio, based upon amortized cost, issued by state and political subdivisions and other securities as of September 30, 2022:

	State and Political Subdivisions
(In thousands)	Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded		Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance		Pre-Refunded		Total		Other Securities
Aaa/AAA	$	187,185	$	280,768	$	—	$	467,953	$	—
Aa/AA	671,239		502,057		—		1,173,296		—
A	45,493		157,441		—		202,934		172,861
Baa/BBB	—		5,937		—		5,937		53,500
Not Rated	8,321		6,869		—		15,190		34,507
Total	$	912,238	$	953,072	$	—	$	1,865,310	$	260,868

Income Earned on Securities

Income earned on securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Taxable:
Held-to-maturity	$	10,679	$	1,127	$	23,169	$	2,477
Available-for-sale	14,169		15,949		41,622		39,313
Non-taxable:
Held-to-maturity	10,181		4,853		26,371		9,887
Available-for-sale	5,925		8,788		21,352		27,741
Total	$	40,954	$	30,717	$	112,514	$	79,418

Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value by Maturity of Securities

The amortized cost and estimated fair value by maturity of securities as of September 30, 2022 are shown in the following table. Securities are classified according to their contractual maturities without consideration of principal amortization, potential prepayments or call options. Accordingly, actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities. 

	Held-to-Maturity				Available-for-Sale
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
One year or less	$	4,519	$	4,519	$	3,165	$	3,142
After one through five years	7,671		7,449		184,193		177,833
After five through ten years	327,461		284,166		268,732		248,862
After ten years	2,233,927		1,603,392		1,067,671		836,869
Securities not due on a single maturity date	1,214,882		1,084,514		2,959,882		2,670,348
Other securities (no maturity)	—		—		488		489
Total	$	3,788,460	$	2,984,040	$	4,484,131	$	3,937,543

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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Loan Portfolio

The various categories of loans are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	192,559	$	187,052
Other consumer	180,604		168,318
Total consumer	373,163		355,370
Real Estate:
Construction and development	2,372,294		1,326,371
Single family residential	2,467,008		2,101,975
Other commercial	7,249,891		5,738,904
Total real estate	12,089,193		9,167,250
Commercial:
Commercial	2,525,218		1,992,043
Agricultural	263,539		168,717
Total commercial	2,788,757		2,160,760
Other	356,022		329,123
Total loans	$	15,607,135	$	12,012,503

Nonaccrual Loans

The amortized cost basis of nonaccrual loans segregated by category of loans are as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	305	$	377
Other consumer	306		381
Total consumer	611		758
Real estate:
Construction and development	3,285		2,296
Single family residential	22,761		19,268
Other commercial	15,382		26,953
Total real estate	41,428		48,517
Commercial:
Commercial	15,411		18,774
Agricultural	74		152
Total commercial	15,485		18,926
Other	10		3
Total	$	57,534	$	68,204

Past Due Loans

An age analysis of the amortized cost basis of past due loans, including nonaccrual loans, segregated by class of loans is as follows: 

(In thousands)	Gross 30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		90 Days Past Due & Accruing
September 30, 2022
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	1,348	$	267	$	1,615	$	190,944	$	192,559	$	201
Other consumer	814		119		933		179,671		180,604		—
Total consumer	2,162		386		2,548		370,615		373,163		201
Real estate:
Construction and development	1,613		1,631		3,244		2,369,050		2,372,294		—
Single family residential	11,175		11,250		22,425		2,444,583		2,467,008		—
Other commercial	5,461		8,182		13,643		7,236,248		7,249,891		—
Total real estate	18,249		21,063		39,312		12,049,881		12,089,193		—
Commercial:
Commercial	4,474		7,008		11,482		2,513,736		2,525,218		41
Agricultural	55		26		81		263,458		263,539		—
Total commercial	4,529		7,034		11,563		2,777,194		2,788,757		41
Other	—		3		3		356,019		356,022		—
Total	$	24,940	$	28,486	$	53,426	$	15,553,709	$	15,607,135	$	242

(In thousands)	Gross 30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		90 Days Past Due & Accruing
December 31, 2021
Consumer:
Credit cards	$	847	$	413	$	1,260	$	185,792	$	187,052	$	247
Other consumer	1,149		130		1,279		167,039		168,318		—
Total consumer	1,996		543		2,539		352,831		355,370		247
Real estate:
Construction and development	114		504		618		1,325,753		1,326,371		—
Single family residential	11,313		9,398		20,711		2,081,264		2,101,975		102
Other commercial	2,474		12,268		14,742		5,724,162		5,738,904		—
Total real estate	13,901		22,170		36,071		9,131,179		9,167,250		102
Commercial:
Commercial	4,812		10,074		14,886		1,977,157		1,992,043		—
Agricultural	13		117		130		168,587		168,717		—
Total commercial	4,825		10,191		15,016		2,145,744		2,160,760		—
Other	—		3		3		329,120		329,123		—
Total	$	20,722	$	32,907	$	53,629	$	11,958,874	$	12,012,503	$	349

Troubled Debt Restructuring

The following table presents a summary of TDRs segregated by class of loans.

	Accruing TDR Loans			Nonaccrual TDR Loans			Total TDR Loans
(Dollars in thousands)	Number	Balance		Number	Balance		Number	Balance
September 30, 2022
Real estate:
Single-family residential	24	$	1,868	12	$	1,676	36	$	3,544
Other commercial	1	1		—	—		1	1
Total real estate	25	1,869		12	1,676		37	3,545
Commercial:
Commercial	—	—		3	1,351		3	1,351
Total commercial	—	—		3	1,351		3	1,351
Total	25	$	1,869	15	$	3,027	40	$	4,896

	Accruing TDR Loans			Nonaccrual TDR Loans			Total TDR Loans
(Dollars in thousands)	Number	Balance		Number	Balance		Number	Balance
December 31, 2021
Real estate:
Single-family residential	28	$	3,087	14	$	1,196	42	$	4,283
Other commercial	1	766		2	48		3	814
Total real estate	29	3,853		16	1,244		45	5,097
Commercial:
Commercial	2	436		2	1,406		4	1,842
Total commercial	2	436		2	1,406		4	1,842
Total	31	$	4,289	18	$	2,650	49	$	6,939

The following table presents loans that were restructured as TDRs during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and nine months ended September 30, 2021. There were no loans restructured as TDRs during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

(Dollars in thousands)	Number of loans	Balance Prior to TDR		Balance at September 30,		Change in Maturity Date		Change in Rate		Financial Impact on Date of Restructure
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Real estate:
Other commercial	3	$	747	$	727	$	—	$	727	$	—
Total real estate	3	$	747	$	727	$	—	$	727	$	—
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Real estate:
Other commercial	4	$	760	$	740	$	—	$	740	$	—
Total real estate	4	$	760	$	740	$	—	$	740	$	—
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Real estate:
Other commercial	1	$	784	$	778	$	—	$	778	$	—
Total real estate	1	$	784	$	778	$	—	$	778	$	—

Loans by Credit Risk Ratings

The following table presents a summary of loans by credit quality indicator, as of September 30, 2022, segregated by class of loans.

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2022 (YTD)		2021		2020		2019		2018		2017 and Prior		Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis		LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
Consumer - credit cards
Delinquency:
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	190,944	$	—	$	190,944
30-89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,348		—		1,348
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		267		—		267
Total consumer - credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		192,559		—		192,559
Consumer - other
Delinquency:
Current	101,692		31,531		12,111		5,375		3,465		3,514		21,980		3		179,671
30-89 days past due	279		270		68		46		17		128		6		—		814
90+ days past due	19		26		20		12		2		31		9		—		119
Total consumer - other	101,990		31,827		12,199		5,433		3,484		3,673		21,995		3		180,604
Real estate - C&D
Risk rating:
Pass	184,664		86,225		65,254		20,346		19,807		17,516		1,963,664		340		2,357,816
Special mention	252		—		—		—		—		42		9,074		—		9,368
Substandard	1,005		85		10		14		31		138		3,827		—		5,110
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate - C&D	185,921		86,310		65,264		20,360		19,838		17,696		1,976,565		340		2,372,294
Real estate - SF residential
Delinquency:
Current	544,782		426,319		265,458		162,395		216,192		509,819		314,903		4,715		2,444,583
30-89 days past due	453		1,070		1,222		420		1,786		5,435		789		—		11,175
90+ days past due	160		904		565		936		1,212		5,793		1,680		—		11,250
Total real estate - SF residential	545,395		428,293		267,245		163,751		219,190		521,047		317,372		4,715		2,467,008
Real estate - other commercial
Risk rating:
Pass	1,498,718		1,544,045		646,921		339,571		241,678		758,803		1,882,897		19,646		6,932,279
Special mention	30,970		13,928		31,702		208		6,768		37,207		49,083		—		169,866
Substandard	22,117		16,487		15,292		4,624		8,377		36,445		44,404		—		147,746
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate - other commercial	1,551,805		1,574,460		693,915		344,403		256,823		832,455		1,976,384		19,646		7,249,891
Commercial
Risk rating:
Pass	503,656		330,386		167,711		75,215		43,335		54,340		1,281,039		27,220		2,482,902
Special mention	51		1,080		34		58		8		963		2,042		—		4,236
Substandard	2,247		6,059		764		1,014		1,462		4,682		20,968		884		38,080
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial	505,954		337,525		168,509		76,287		44,805		59,985		1,304,049		28,104		2,525,218
Commercial - agriculture
Risk rating:
Pass	34,791		25,667		12,321		6,336		1,600		1,469		180,276		413		262,873
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	9		23		5		57		10		—		562		—		666
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial - agriculture	34,800		25,690		12,326		6,393		1,610		1,469		180,838		413		263,539
Other
Delinquency:
Current	96,254		30,852		8,599		5,529		20,537		26,057		167,238		953		356,019
30-89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3
Total other	96,254		30,852		8,599		5,529		20,537		26,060		167,238		953		356,022
Total	$	3,022,119	$	2,514,957	$	1,228,057	$	622,156	$	566,287	$	1,462,385	$	6,137,000	$	54,174	$	15,607,135

The following table presents a summary of loans by credit quality indicator, as of December 31, 2021, segregated by class of loans.

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(In thousands)	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		2016 and Prior		Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis		LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis		Total
Consumer - credit cards
Delinquency:
Current	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	185,792	$	—	$	185,792
30-89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		847		—		847
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		413		—		413
Total consumer - credit cards	—		—		—		—		—		—		187,052		—		187,052
Consumer - other
Delinquency:
Current	97,830		21,885		11,712		6,756		5,416		3,833		19,607		—		167,039
30-89 days past due	265		121		164		49		219		156		175		—		1,149
90+ days past due	23		23		28		21		13		22		—		—		130
Total consumer - other	98,118		22,029		11,904		6,826		5,648		4,011		19,782		—		168,318
Real estate - C&D
Risk rating:
Pass	74,813		83,729		28,803		17,349		8,505		9,319		1,074,617		20,285		1,317,420
Special mention	—		—		270		—		—		47		—		—		317
Substandard	191		77		16		54		324		423		5,598		1,951		8,634
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate - C&D	75,004		83,806		29,089		17,403		8,829		9,789		1,080,215		22,236		1,326,371
Real estate - SF residential
Delinquency:
Current	419,605		335,788		185,190		260,037		193,110		421,957		256,155		9,422		2,081,264
30-89 days past due	1,061		883		1,662		791		1,077		4,360		1,479		—		11,313
90+ days past due	27		561		507		1,199		1,358		5,104		570		72		9,398
Total real estate - SF residential	420,693		337,232		187,359		262,027		195,545		431,421		258,204		9,494		2,101,975
Real estate - other commercial
Risk rating:
Pass	1,349,746		807,701		375,824		267,696		476,029		537,493		1,409,099		164,856		5,388,444
Special mention	28,151		30,981		2,799		6,650		39,361		4,801		38,638		1,608		152,989
Substandard	28,137		10,186		5,243		10,806		30,060		27,107		53,860		32,072		197,471
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate - other commercial	1,406,034		848,868		383,866		285,152		545,450		569,401		1,501,597		198,536		5,738,904
Commercial
Risk rating:
Pass	455,499		187,517		80,486		57,437		36,529		57,099		1,004,971		41,885		1,921,423
Special mention	670		2,482		1,066		189		261		2,770		8,500		10,499		26,437
Substandard	3,436		18,381		4,397		1,196		578		850		8,242		7,103		44,183
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial	459,605		208,380		85,949		58,822		37,368		60,719		1,021,713		59,487		1,992,043
Commercial - agriculture
Risk rating:
Pass	32,780		20,230		10,253		3,646		2,364		459		98,245		327		168,304
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	191		25		27		53		22		3		23		69		413
Doubtful and loss	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total commercial - agriculture	32,971		20,255		10,280		3,699		2,386		462		98,268		396		168,717
Other
Delinquency:
Current	24,247		4,740		1,236		22,438		6,692		5,578		264,189		—		329,120
30-89 days past due	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
90+ days past due	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		—		3
Total other	24,247		4,740		1,236		22,438		6,692		5,581		264,189		—		329,123
Total	$	2,516,672	$	1,525,310	$	709,683	$	656,367	$	801,918	$	1,081,384	$	4,431,020	$	290,149	$	12,012,503

Allowance for Loan Losses

The collateral securing these loans consist of commercial real estate properties, residential properties, and other business assets.

(In thousands)	Real Estate Collateral		Other Collateral		Total
September 30, 2022
Construction and development	$	2,683	$	—	$	2,683
Single family residential	1,008		—		1,008
Other commercial real estate	64,772		—		64,772
Commercial	—		8,607		8,607
Total	$	68,463	$	8,607	$	77,070
December 31, 2021
Construction and development	$	2,489	$	—	$	2,489
Single family residential	1,838		—		1,838
Other commercial real estate	32,849		—		32,849
Commercial	—		9,913		9,913
Total	$	37,176	$	9,913	$	47,089

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. 

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning balance, July 1, 2022	$	32,817	$	166,481	$	6,609	$	6,704	$	212,611
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans	1,057		—		—		—		1,057
Provision for credit loss expense	(613)		(17,243)		1,119		840		(15,897)
Charge-offs	(1,873)		(130)		(903)		(506)		(3,412)
Recoveries	720		1,982		250		278		3,230
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(1,153)		1,852		(653)		(228)		(182)
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	32,108	$	151,090	$	7,075	$	7,316	$	197,589
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022	$	17,458	$	179,270	$	3,987	$	4,617	$	205,332
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans	1,911		3,187		—		2		5,100
Provision for credit loss expense	19,721		(33,436)		5,142		3,168		(5,405)
Charge-offs	(8,880)		(730)		(2,827)		(1,438)		(13,875)
Recoveries	1,898		2,799		773		967		6,437
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(6,982)		2,069		(2,054)		(471)		(7,438)
Ending balance, September 30, 2022	$	32,108	$	151,090	$	7,075	$	7,316	$	197,589

Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was as follows:

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Beginning balance, July 1, 2021	$	29,793	$	188,388	$	5,442	$	3,616	$	227,239
Provision for credit loss expense	(11,853)		(7,668)		(247)		(122)		(19,890)
Charge-offs	(932)		(5,941)		(711)		(463)		(8,047)
Recoveries	463		2,068		267		408		3,206
Net charge-offs	(469)		(3,873)		(444)		(55)		(4,841)
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	17,471	$	176,847	$	4,751	$	3,439	$	202,508
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Beginning balance, January 1, 2021	$	42,093	$	182,868	$	7,472	$	5,617	$	238,050
Provision for credit loss expense	(25,453)		(1,948)		(763)		(1,737)		(29,901)
Charge-offs	(2,099)		(8,068)		(2,759)		(1,577)		(14,503)
Recoveries	2,930		3,995		801		1,136		8,862
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	831		(4,073)		(1,958)		(441)		(5,641)
Ending balance, September 30, 2021	$	17,471	$	176,847	$	4,751	$	3,439	$	202,508

The components of the provision for credit losses for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Provision for credit losses related to:
Loans	$	(15,897)	$	(19,890)	$	(5,405)	$	(29,901)
Unfunded commitments	16,000		—		19,453		—
Securities - HTM	—		—		—		(1,183)
Securities - AFS	—		—		—		(312)
Total	$	103	$	(19,890)	$	14,048	$	(31,396)

Purchased With Credit Deterioration Loans

The following table provides a summary of loans purchased during the fourth quarter of 2021 as part of the Landmark acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition:

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Unpaid principal balance	$	11,046	$	55,549	$	—	$	67	$	66,662
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(350)		(2,008)		—		(1)		(2,359)
Non-credit related discount	(160)		(2,415)		—		(2)		(2,577)
Fair value of PCD loans	$	10,536	$	51,126	$	—	$	64	$	61,726

The following table provides a summary of loans purchased during the fourth quarter of 2021 as part of the Triumph acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition:

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Unpaid principal balance	$	40,466	$	80,803	$	—	$	15	$	121,284
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(2,999)		(8,093)		—		—		(11,092)
Non-credit related discount	(279)		(1,314)		—		(1)		(1,594)
Fair value of PCD loans	$	37,188	$	71,396	$	—	$	14	$	108,598

The following table provides a summary of loans purchased during the second quarter of 2022 as part of the Spirit acquisition with credit deterioration at acquisition:

(In thousands)	Commercial		Real Estate		Credit Card		Other Consumer and Other		Total
Unpaid principal balance	$	8,258	$	66,534	$	—	$	59	$	74,851
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(1,911)		(3,187)		—		(2)		(5,100)
Non-credit related discount	(378)		(998)		—		(1)		(1,377)
Fair value of PCD loans	$	5,969	$	62,349	$	—	$	56	$	68,374

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Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Components of Lease Expense and Supplemental Information

The following table presents information as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 related to the Company’s right-of-use lease assets, included in premises and equipment, and lease liabilities, included in accrued interest and other liabilities.

	September 30,			December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2022			2021
Right-of-use lease assets	$	49,308		$	48,855
Lease liabilities	50,187			49,321
Weighted average remaining lease term	7.82 years			7.96 years
Weighted average discount rate	2.05		%	2.00		%

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Premises and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Total premises and equipment, net at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Right-of-use lease assets	$	49,308	$	48,855
Premises and equipment:
Land	123,068		101,728
Buildings and improvements	366,773		320,844
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	117,111		107,122
Software	67,515		66,947
Construction in progress	20,767		9,117
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(194,610)		(171,144)
Total premises and equipment, net	$	549,932	$	483,469

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

Changes in the carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s core deposit premiums and other intangible assets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows: 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Core deposit premiums:
Balance, beginning of year	$	93,862	$	97,363
Acquisitions(1)	36,500		9,295
Disposition of intangible asset(2)	—		(674)
Amortization	(10,647)		(12,122)
Balance, end of period	119,715		93,862
Books of business and other intangibles:
Balance, beginning of year	12,373		13,747
Acquisitions(3)	2,131		—
Amortization	(1,160)		(1,374)
Balance, end of period	13,344		12,373
Total other intangible assets, net	$	133,059	$	106,235

_________________________

(1)    A core deposit premium of $36.5 million was recorded during 2022 as part of the Spirit acquisition. Core deposit premiums of $5.1 million and $4.2 million were recorded during 2021 as part of the Triumph and Landmark acquisitions, respectively. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on acquisitions.

(2)    Adjustments recorded for the premiums on certain deposit liabilities associated with the sale of banking operations.

(3)    The Company recorded $2.1 million during 2022 related to servicing assets acquired as part of the Spirit acquisition. See Note 2, Acquisitions, for additional information on acquisitions.

The carrying basis and accumulated amortization of the Company’s other intangible assets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows: 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Core deposit premiums:
Gross carrying amount	$	189,996	$	153,496
Accumulated amortization	(70,281)		(59,634)
Core deposit premiums, net	119,715		93,862
Books of business and other intangibles:
Gross carrying amount	22,068		19,937
Accumulated amortization	(8,724)		(7,564)
Books of business and other intangibles, net	13,344		12,373
Total other intangible assets, net	$	133,059	$	106,235

Estimated Remaining Amortization Expense

The Company’s estimated remaining amortization expense on other intangible assets as of September 30, 2022 is as follows:

(In thousands)	Year	Amortization Expense
	Remainder of 2022	$	4,108
	2023	16,306
	2024	15,403
	2025	12,819
	2026	12,346
	Thereafter	72,077
	Total	$	133,059

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Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes is comprised of the following components for the periods indicated below:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Income taxes currently payable	$	14,952	$	21,500	$	35,412	$	46,566
Deferred income taxes	2,007		(2,730)		2,924		3,585
Provision for income taxes	$	16,959	$	18,770	$	38,336	$	50,151

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts that give rise to deferred income tax assets and liabilities, and their approximate tax effects, are as follows: 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Deferred tax assets:
Loans acquired	$	7,459	$	4,832
Allowance for credit losses	47,048		48,462
Valuation of foreclosed assets	628		628
Tax NOLs from acquisition	12,423		13,537
Deferred compensation payable	3,795		3,426
Accrued equity and other compensation	5,738		5,776
Acquired securities	19,749		223
Right-of-use lease liability	12,194		11,984
Unrealized loss on AFS securities	204,415		8,164
Allowance for unfunded commitments	10,188		5,442
Other	5,905		7,202
Gross deferred tax assets	329,542		109,676
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill and other intangible amortization	(45,070)		(38,329)
Accumulated depreciation	(24,741)		(26,347)
Right-of-use lease asset	(11,981)		(11,871)
Unrealized gain on swaps	(29,279)		(2,767)
Other	(4,233)		(3,718)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(115,304)		(83,032)
Net deferred tax asset	$	214,238	$	26,644

Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense

A reconciliation of income tax expense at the statutory rate to the Company’s actual income tax expense is shown for the periods indicated below:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Computed at the statutory rate (21%)	$	20,488	$	20,859	$	44,412	$	57,336
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	1,774		1,477		2,339		4,855
Stock-based compensation	16		(22)		(89)		15
Tax exempt interest income	(3,682)		(2,973)		(10,704)		(8,224)
Tax exempt earnings on BOLI	(509)		(435)		(1,399)		(995)
Federal tax credits	(301)		(491)		(1,838)		(1,670)
Other differences, net	(827)		355		5,615		(1,166)
Actual tax provision	$	16,959	$	18,770	$	38,336	$	50,151

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Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Disclosure of Repurchase Agreements [Abstract]

Contractual Maturity of Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

The remaining contractual maturity of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase in the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is presented in the following tables.

	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
(In thousands)	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days		Total
September 30, 2022
Repurchase agreements:
U.S. Government agencies	$	159,513	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	159,513
December 31, 2021
Repurchase agreements:
U.S. Government agencies	$	170,403	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	170,403

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Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes and Debentures (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

Debt at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following components: 

	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Other Borrowings
FHLB advances, net of discount, due 2022 to 2034, 1.49% to 5.53% secured by real estate loans	$	934,147	$	1,306,143
Other long-term debt	30,625		31,830
Total other borrowings	964,772		1,337,973
Subordinated Notes and Debentures
Subordinated notes payable, due 4/1/2028, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 5.00% through 3/31/2023, floating rate of 2.15% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly)	330,000		330,000
Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly)	37,313		—
Trust preferred securities, due 9/15/2037, floating rate of 1.37% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly	—		10,310
Trust preferred securities, due 6/6/2037, floating rate of 1.57% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty	—		10,310
Trust preferred securities, due 12/15/2035, floating rate of 1.45% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty	—		6,702
Trust preferred securities, net of discount, due 6/15/2037, floating rate of 1.85% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty	—		25,329
Trust preferred securities, net of discount, due 12/15/2036, floating rate of 1.85% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty	—		3,041
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,362)		(1,561)
Total subordinated notes and debentures	365,951		384,131
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt	$	1,330,723	$	1,722,104

Schedule of Aggregate Annual Maturities of Long-term Debt

Aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt at September 30, 2022, are as follows: 

Year	(In thousands)
Remainder of 2022	$	429
2023	1,783
2024	1,839
2025	4,841
2026	1,844
Thereafter	389,986
Total	$	400,722

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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Compensation Plans

The table below summarizes the transactions under the Company’s active stock-based compensation plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022: 

	Stock Options Outstanding			Non-vested Stock Awards Outstanding			Non-vested Stock Units Outstanding
(Shares in thousands)	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022	473	$	22.50	2	$	22.20	1,111	$	26.49
Granted	—	—		—	—		671	26.64
Stock options exercised	(2)	13.89		—	—		—	—
Stock awards/units vested (earned)	—	—		(2)	22.20		(397)	26.42
Forfeited/expired	—	—		—	—		(80)	25.69
Balance, September 30, 2022	471	$	22.54	—	$	—	1,305	$	26.66
Exercisable, September 30, 2022	471	$	22.54

Stock Options

The following table summarizes information about stock options under the plans outstanding at September 30, 2022:

					Options Outstanding			Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices					Number of Shares (In thousands)	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Number of Shares (In thousands)	Weighted Average Exercise Price
$	10.65	—	$	10.65	1	0.29	$10.65	1	$10.65
20.29		—	20.29		47	2.25	20.29	47	20.29
22.20		—	22.20		51	2.48	22.20	51	22.20
22.75		—	22.75		293	2.86	22.75	293	22.75
23.51		—	23.51		72	3.30	23.51	72	23.51
24.07		—	24.07		7	2.96	24.07	7	24.07
$	10.65	—	$	24.07	471	2.82	$22.54	471	$22.54

Restricted Performance Stock Unit Activity

The table below summarizes the Company’s performance stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:

(In thousands)	Performance Stock Units
Non-vested, January 1, 2022	257
Granted	185
Vested (earned)	(75)
Forfeited	(12)
Non-vested,September 30, 2022	355

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Earnings Per Share ("EPS") (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Earnings Per Share

The computation of earnings per share is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income available to common stockholders	$	80,603	$	80,561	$	173,152	$	222,879
Average common shares outstanding	127,884		107,822		122,935		108,130
Average potential dilutive common shares	452		538		452		538
Average diluted common shares	128,336		108,360		123,387		108,668
Basic earnings per share	$	0.63	$	0.75	$	1.41	$	2.06
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.63	$	0.74	$	1.40	$	2.05

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Additional Cash Flow Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Schedule of Additional Cash Flow Information

The following is a summary of the Company’s additional cash flow information:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021
Interest paid	$	66,744	$	59,535
Income taxes (refunded) paid	14,674		46,693
Transfers of loans to foreclosed assets held for sale	632		3,516
Transfers of premises held for sale to other real estate owned	—		4,368
Transfers of assets held for sale to other assets	100		—
Transfers of premises held for sale to premises	—		5,610
Transfers of available-for-sale to held-to-maturity securities	1,992,542		500,809

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Other Income and Other Operating Expenses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]

Other Operating Expenses

Other operating expenses consisted of the following:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Professional services	$	4,339	$	4,399	$	13,987	$	14,207
Postage	2,385		1,964		6,728		6,277
Telephone	1,668		1,516		4,921		4,758
Credit card expense	3,149		2,727		8,892		7,588
Marketing	6,662		5,019		21,556		12,912
Software and technology	10,340		10,134		30,565		30,242
Operating supplies	441		605		1,852		2,013
Amortization of intangibles	4,225		3,332		11,807		10,008
Branch right sizing expense	1,170		(3,280)		2,371		(2,187)
Other expense	10,705		8,149		28,534		22,008
Total other operating expenses	$	45,084	$	34,565	$	131,213	$	107,826

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Financial Instruments Measured on Recurring Basis

The following table sets forth the Company’s financial assets by level within the fair value hierarchy that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

			Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2022
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	2,191	$	2,191	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government agencies	188,060		—		188,060		—
Mortgage-backed securities	2,670,348		—		2,670,348		—
State and political subdivisions	822,509		—		822,509		—
Other securities	254,435		—		254,435		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	12,759		—		—		12,759
Derivative asset	149,637		—		149,637		—
Derivative liability	(39,119)		—		(39,119)		—
December 31, 2021
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	300	$	300	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government agencies	364,641		—		364,641		—
Mortgage-backed securities	4,448,616		—		4,448,616		—
States and political subdivisions	1,819,658		—		1,819,658		—
Other securities	480,330		—		480,330		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	36,356		—		—		36,356
Derivative asset	25,852		—		25,852		—
Derivative liability	(15,443)		—		(15,443)		—

Financial Assets Measure on Nonrecurring Basis

The following table sets forth the Company’s assets by level within the fair value hierarchy that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. 

			Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
September 30, 2022
Individually assessed loans (1) (2) (collateral-dependent)	$	77,070	$	—	$	—	$	77,070
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned (1)	2,897		—		—		2,897
December 31, 2021
Individually assessed loans (1) (2) (collateral-dependent)	$	47,089	$	—	$	—	$	47,089
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned (1)	4,875		—		—		4,875

________________________

(1)These amounts represent the resulting carrying amounts on the consolidated balance sheets for collateral-dependent loans and foreclosed assets and other real estate owned for which fair value re-measurements took place during the period.

(2)Identified reserves of $10,783,000 and $4,214,000 were related to collateral-dependent loans for which fair value re-measurements took place during the periods ended September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Estimated Fair Values and Related Carrying Amounts

The estimated fair values, and related carrying amounts, of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows:

	Carrying		Fair Value Measurements
(In thousands)	Amount		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
September 30, 2022
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	679,410	$	679,410	$	—	$	—	$	679,410
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	1,290		—		1,290		—		1,290
Held-to-maturity securities, net	3,787,076		—		2,984,040		—		2,984,040
Interest receivable	86,637		—		86,637		—		86,637
Loans and other loans held for sale, net	15,411,838		—		—		14,967,078		14,967,078
Financial liabilities:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	6,218,283		—		6,218,283		—		6,218,283
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	12,103,994		—		12,103,994		—		12,103,994
Time deposits	3,826,415		—		—		3,761,408		3,761,408
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	168,513		—		168,513		—		168,513
Other borrowings	964,772		—		961,666		—		961,666
Subordinated notes and debentures	365,951		—		362,823		—		362,823
Interest payable	13,077		—		13,077		—		13,077
December 31, 2021
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,650,653	$	1,650,653	$	—	$	—	$	1,650,653
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	1,882		—		1,882		—		1,882
Held-to-maturity securities, net	1,529,221		—		1,517,378		—		1,517,378
Interest receivable	72,990		—		72,990		—		72,990
Loans and other loans held for sale, net	11,807,171		—		—		11,922,735		11,922,735
Financial liabilities:
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	5,325,318		—		5,325,318		—		5,325,318
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	11,588,770		—		11,588,770		—		11,588,770
Time deposits	2,452,460		—		—		2,451,055		2,451,055
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	185,403		—		185,403		—		185,403
Other borrowings	1,337,973		—		1,393,711		—		1,393,711
Subordinated notes and debentures	384,131		—		394,464		—		394,464
Interest payable	6,759		—		6,759		—		6,759

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Derivative Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Derivative Instruments in Statement of Financial Position, Fair Value

The following table summarizes the fair value hedges recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

				September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Balance Sheet Location	Weighted Average Pay Rate	Receive Rate	Notional		Fair Value		Notional		Fair Value
Derivative assets	Other assets	1.21%	Federal Funds	$	999,700	$	110,469	$	1,001,715	$	10,524

The following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to carrying amounts and cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.

	Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets
Line Item on the Balance Sheet (In thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021		September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Investment securities - Available-for-sale	$	716,275	$	1,063,173	$	110,469	$	10,524

The following table summarizes the fair values of loan derivative contracts recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
(In thousands)	Notional		Fair Value		Notional		Fair Value
Derivative assets	$	431,588	$	39,168	$	318,428	$	15,328
Derivative liabilities	432,582		39,119		321,985		15,443

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Preparation of Interim Financial Statements (Details)	Sep. 30, 2022 center
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Number of financial centers	230

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Acquisitions- Textual (Details)			9 Months Ended
	Nov. 19, 2021 USD ($) branch shares	Oct. 08, 2021 USD ($) branch shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Nov. 20, 2021 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Stock issued for acquisition			$ 464,918,000
Goodwill			$ 1,309,000,000	$ 1,146,007,000
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares) | shares	18,275,074
Payments to acquire businesses, gross	$ 464,900,000
Stock issued for acquisition	$ 1,393,508,900
Number of bank branches acquired | branch	35
Assets acquired, after acquisition method adjustments	$ 3,120,000,000
Loans acquired, after acquisition method adjustments	2,290,000,000
Customer deposits acquired, after acquisition method adjustments	2,720,000,000
Goodwill	162,300,000				$ 162,347,000
Assets acquired	3,200,312,000				3,118,149,000
Loans acquired	2,314,085,000				2,294,160,000
Deposits acquired	$ 2,718,100,000				$ 2,719,016,000
Landmark Community Bank
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares) | shares		4,499,872
Payments to acquire businesses, gross		$ 138,200,000
Stock issued for acquisition		$ 6,451,727,430
Number of bank branches acquired | branch		8
Goodwill		$ 31,400,000
Assets acquired		968,800,000
Loans acquired		789,500,000
Deposits acquired		$ 802,700,000
Triumph Bancshares
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Shares issued (in shares) | shares		4,164,712
Payments to acquire businesses, gross		$ 127,900,000
Stock issued for acquisition		$ 1,693,402,930
Number of bank branches acquired | branch		6
Goodwill		$ 39,900,000
Assets acquired		847,200,000
Loans acquired		698,800,000
Deposits acquired		$ 719,700,000

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Acquisitions - Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Nov. 20, 2021	Oct. 08, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Nov. 19, 2021	Oct. 07, 2021
Liabilities Assumed
Goodwill			$ 1,309,000	$ 1,146,007
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	$ 277,790				$ 277,790
Investment securities	348,687				362,088
Loans acquired	2,294,160				2,314,085
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(5,100)				(17,005)
Premises and equipment	65,106				84,135
Bank owned life insurance	36,890				36,890
Goodwill	0				77,681
Other assets	61,985				58,403
Total assets acquired	3,118,149				3,200,312
Liabilities Assumed
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	825,063				825,228
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	1,383,663				1,383,663
Time deposits	510,290				509,209
Total deposits	2,719,016				2,718,100
Other borrowings	38,050				37,547
Subordinated debentures	37,370				36,491
Accrued interest and other liabilities	19,749				23,667
Total liabilities assumed	2,814,185				2,815,805
Equity	0				384,507
Total liabilities and equity assumed	2,814,185				3,200,312
Net assets acquired	303,964
Purchase price	466,311
Goodwill	162,347				162,300
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. | Fair Value Adjustments
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks	0
Investment securities	(13,401)
Loans acquired	(19,925)
Allowance for credit losses on loans	11,905
Premises and equipment	(19,029)
Bank owned life insurance	0
Goodwill	(77,681)
Other assets	3,582
Total assets acquired	(82,163)
Liabilities Assumed
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts	(165)
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits	0
Time deposits	1,081
Total deposits	916
Other borrowings	503
Subordinated debentures	879
Accrued interest and other liabilities	(3,918)
Total liabilities assumed	(1,620)
Equity	(384,507)
Total liabilities and equity assumed	(386,127)
Landrum Company
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks		$ 27,591				$ 27,591
Due from banks - time		100				100
Investment securities		114,668				114,793
Loans acquired		789,504				785,551
Allowance for credit losses on loans		(2,359)				(5,980)
Premises and equipment		5,441				9,540
Bank owned life insurance		21,287				21,287
Other assets		8,431				13,036
Total assets acquired		968,822				966,006
Liabilities Assumed
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts		110,393				110,393
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits		425,777				425,777
Time deposits		266,501				266,835
Total deposits		802,671				803,005
Other borrowings		47,023				47,023
Accrued interest and other liabilities		5,337				8,459
Total liabilities assumed		855,031				858,487
Equity		0				107,519
Total liabilities and equity assumed		855,031				966,006
Net assets acquired		113,791
Purchase price		145,195
Goodwill		31,404
Landrum Company | Fair Value Adjustments
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks		0
Due from banks - time		0
Investment securities		(125)
Loans acquired		3,953
Allowance for credit losses on loans		3,621
Premises and equipment		(4,099)
Bank owned life insurance		0
Other assets		(4,605)
Total assets acquired		2,816
Liabilities Assumed
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts		0
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits		0
Time deposits		(334)
Total deposits		(334)
Other borrowings		0
Accrued interest and other liabilities		(3,122)
Total liabilities assumed		(3,456)
Equity		(107,519)
Total liabilities and equity assumed		(110,975)
Triumph Bancshares Inc
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks		7,484				7,484
Due from banks - time		495				495
Investment securities		129,455				130,571
Loans acquired		698,786				702,460
Allowance for credit losses on loans		(11,092)				(12,617)
Premises and equipment		3,258				2,774
Goodwill		0				1,550
Other assets		13,703				12,806
Total assets acquired		847,225				845,523
Liabilities Assumed
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts		115,729				115,729
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits		383,434				383,434
Time deposits		220,571				219,477
Total deposits		719,734				718,640
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase		2,854				2,854
Other borrowings		30,700				30,700
Accrued interest and other liabilities		3,337				2,882
Total liabilities assumed		756,625				755,076
Equity		0				90,446
Total liabilities and equity assumed		756,625				845,522
Net assets acquired		90,600
Purchase price		130,544
Goodwill		39,944
Triumph Bancshares Inc | Fair Value Adjustments
Assets Acquired
Cash and due from banks		0
Due from banks - time		0
Investment securities		(1,116)
Loans acquired		(3,674)
Allowance for credit losses on loans		1,525
Premises and equipment		484
Goodwill		(1,550)
Other assets		897
Total assets acquired		1,702
Liabilities Assumed
Noninterest bearing transaction accounts		0
Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits		0
Time deposits		1,094
Total deposits		1,094
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase		0
Other borrowings		0
Accrued interest and other liabilities		455
Total liabilities assumed		1,549
Equity		(90,446)
Total liabilities and equity assumed		(88,897)
Core Deposit Premium | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Assets Acquired
Core deposit intangible	38,631				$ 6,245
Core Deposit Premium | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc. | Fair Value Adjustments
Assets Acquired
Core deposit intangible	$ 32,386
Core Deposit Premium | Landrum Company
Assets Acquired
Core deposit intangible		4,159				88
Core Deposit Premium | Landrum Company | Fair Value Adjustments
Assets Acquired
Core deposit intangible		4,071
Core Deposit Premium | Triumph Bancshares Inc
Assets Acquired
Core deposit intangible		5,136				$ 0
Core Deposit Premium | Triumph Bancshares Inc | Fair Value Adjustments
Assets Acquired
Core deposit intangible		$ 5,136

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Investment Securities - Summary of Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	$ 3,788,460		$ 1,530,500
Allowance for credit losses on HTM	(1,384)	$ (1,381)	(1,279)	$ (1,279)	$ (1,132)	$ (2,915)
Net Carrying Amount	3,787,076		1,529,221
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,129		6,398
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(804,165)		(18,241)
Estimated Fair Value	2,984,040		1,517,378
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	4,484,131		7,130,861
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0	0		(312)
Gross Unrealized Gains	395		44,005
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(546,983)		(61,321)
Estimated Fair Value	3,937,543		7,113,545
U.S. Treasury
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	2,250		300
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0
Gross Unrealized Gains	0		0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(59)		0
Estimated Fair Value	2,191		300
U.S. Government agencies
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	447,400		232,609
Allowance for credit losses on HTM	0		0
Net Carrying Amount	447,400		232,609
Gross Unrealized Gains	0		0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(97,871)		(7,914)
Estimated Fair Value	349,529		224,695
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	195,369		374,754
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0
Gross Unrealized Gains	145		495
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(7,454)		(10,608)
Estimated Fair Value	188,060		364,641
Mortgage-backed securities
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	1,214,882		70,342
Allowance for credit losses on HTM	0		0
Net Carrying Amount	1,214,882		70,342
Gross Unrealized Gains	1,069		232
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(131,437)		(1,425)
Estimated Fair Value	1,084,514		69,149
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	2,959,882		4,485,548
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0
Gross Unrealized Gains	5		6,307
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(289,539)		(43,239)
Estimated Fair Value	2,670,348		4,448,616
State and political subdivisions
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	1,865,310		1,210,248
Allowance for credit losses on HTM	(107)	(103)	(1,197)	(1,196)	(871)	(2,307)
Net Carrying Amount	1,865,203		1,209,051
Gross Unrealized Gains	60		6,166
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(540,980)		(8,462)
Estimated Fair Value	1,324,283		1,206,755
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	1,054,356		1,791,097
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0	0		(217)
Gross Unrealized Gains	244		30,556
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(232,091)		(1,995)
Estimated Fair Value	822,509		1,819,658
Other securities
Held-to-maturity
Amortized Cost	260,868		17,301
Allowance for credit losses on HTM	(1,277)	$ (1,278)	(82)	(83)	$ (261)	(608)
Net Carrying Amount	259,591		17,219
Gross Unrealized Gains	0		0
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(33,877)		(440)
Estimated Fair Value	225,714		16,779
Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost	272,274		479,162
Allowance for Credit Losses	0		0	$ 0		$ (95)
Gross Unrealized Gains	1		6,647
Gross Unrealized (Losses)	(17,840)		(5,479)
Estimated Fair Value	$ 254,435		$ 480,330

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Investment Securities - Textual (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Debt securities, available-for-sale, transfer to held-to-maturity		$ 1,990,000,000	$ 500,800,000
Debt securities, held-to-maturity, unrealized gain (loss)	$ (148,300,000)		738,000
Available-for-sale, transfer to held-to-maturity, gain (loss)				$ 0
Held to maturity mortgage backed securities	3,788,460,000			3,788,460,000		$ 1,530,500,000
Available for sale mortgage backed securities	4,484,131,000			4,484,131,000		7,130,861,000
Held-to-maturity, interest receivable	17,700,000			17,700,000
Available-for-sale, interest receivable	16,200,000			16,200,000
Available-for-sale securities	3,937,543,000			3,937,543,000		7,113,545,000
Securities valued at less than historical cost, amount	$ 3,878,698,000			$ 3,878,698,000
Securities valued at less than historical cost (as percent)	98.50%			98.50%
Securities - AFS	$ 0		0	$ 0	$ (312,000)
Provision for credit losses					(312,000)
Allowance for credit losses on HTM	1,384,000	1,381,000	1,279,000	1,384,000	1,279,000	1,279,000	$ 1,132,000	$ 2,915,000
Securities pledged as collateral	3,930,000,000			3,930,000,000		3,880,000,000
Realized gains	8,000		5,300,000	45,000	15,900,000
Realized losses	(30,000)		(24,500)	$ (271,000)	$ (63,600)
Income tax benefit related to security gains (losses) (as percent)				26.135%	26.135%
Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Held to maturity mortgage backed securities	150,000,000			$ 150,000,000		4,900,000
Available for sale mortgage backed securities	1,170,000,000			1,170,000,000		1,530,000,000
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Held to maturity mortgage backed securities	1,060,000,000.00			1,060,000,000.00		65,500,000
Available for sale mortgage backed securities	1,500,000,000			1,500,000,000		2,920,000,000
State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Held to maturity mortgage backed securities	1,865,310,000			1,865,310,000		1,210,248,000
Available for sale mortgage backed securities	1,054,356,000			1,054,356,000		1,791,097,000
Available-for-sale securities	822,509,000			822,509,000		1,819,658,000
Securities valued at less than historical cost, amount	795,657,000			795,657,000
Allowance for credit losses on HTM	107,000	$ 103,000	$ 1,196,000	107,000	$ 1,196,000	$ 1,197,000	$ 871,000	$ 2,307,000
State and political subdivisions | Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Held to maturity mortgage backed securities	953,072,000			953,072,000
Allowance for credit losses on HTM	$ 0			$ 0

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Investment Securities - Securities With Unrealized Losses (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, estimated fair value	$ 1,983,590
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, gross unrealized losses	(172,554)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, estimated fair value	1,895,108
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, gross unrealized losses	(374,429)
Available-for-sale, total, estimated fair value	3,878,698
Available-for-sale, total, gross unrealized losses	(546,983)
U.S. Treasury
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, estimated fair value	2,191
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, gross unrealized losses	(59)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, estimated fair value	0
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, gross unrealized losses	0
Available-for-sale, total, estimated fair value	2,191
Available-for-sale, total, gross unrealized losses	(59)
U.S. Government agencies
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, estimated fair value	116,968
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, gross unrealized losses	(5,120)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, estimated fair value	53,942
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, gross unrealized losses	(2,334)
Available-for-sale, total, estimated fair value	170,910
Available-for-sale, total, gross unrealized losses	(7,454)
Mortgage-backed securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, estimated fair value	1,115,220
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, gross unrealized losses	(73,690)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, estimated fair value	1,545,776
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, gross unrealized losses	(215,849)
Available-for-sale, total, estimated fair value	2,660,996
Available-for-sale, total, gross unrealized losses	(289,539)
State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, estimated fair value	536,510
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, gross unrealized losses	(79,426)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, estimated fair value	259,147
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, gross unrealized losses	(152,665)
Available-for-sale, total, estimated fair value	795,657
Available-for-sale, total, gross unrealized losses	(232,091)
Other securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, estimated fair value	212,701
Available-for-sale, less than 12 months, gross unrealized losses	(14,259)
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, estimated fair value	36,243
Available-for-sale, 12 months or more, gross unrealized losses	(3,581)
Available-for-sale, total, estimated fair value	248,944
Available-for-sale, total, gross unrealized losses	$ (17,840)

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Investment Securities - Allowance for Credit Losses HTM (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Beginning balance	$ 1,381	$ 1,132	$ 1,279	$ 2,915
Provision for credit loss expense	0	0	0	(1,183)
Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities	0		0	(600)
Recoveries	3	147	105	147
Ending balance	1,384	1,279	1,384	1,279
State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Beginning balance	103	871	1,197	2,307
Provision for credit loss expense	0	325	0	(1,111)
Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities	3		(1,180)	0
Recoveries	1	0	90	0
Ending balance	107	1,196	107	1,196
Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Beginning balance	1,278	261	82	608
Provision for credit loss expense	0	(325)	0	(72)
Net increase (decrease) in allowance on previously impaired securities	(3)		1,180	(600)
Recoveries	2	147	15	147
Ending balance	$ 1,277	$ 83	$ 1,277	$ 83

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Investment Securities - Allowance for Credit Losses AFS (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 312
Reduction due to sales	(11)
Net decrease in allowance on previously impaired securities	(301)
Ending balance	0
State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	217
Reduction due to sales	0
Net decrease in allowance on previously impaired securities	(217)
Ending balance	0
Other securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	95
Reduction due to sales	(11)
Net decrease in allowance on previously impaired securities	(84)
Ending balance	$ 0

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Investment Securities - Credit Quality Indicator (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 3,788,460	$ 1,530,500
State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	1,865,310	1,210,248
Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	260,868	$ 17,301
Aaa/AAA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	467,953
Aaa/AAA | Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Aa/AA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	1,173,296
Aa/AA | Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
A | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	202,934
A | Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	172,861
Baa/BBB | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	5,937
Baa/BBB | Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	53,500
Not Rated | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	15,190
Not Rated | Other securities
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	34,507
Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	912,238
Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded | Aaa/AAA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	187,185
Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded | Aa/AA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	671,239
Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded | A | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	45,493
Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded | Baa/BBB | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Not Guaranteed or Pre-Refunded | Not Rated | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	8,321
Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	953,072
Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance | Aaa/AAA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	280,768
Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance | Aa/AA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	502,057
Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance | A | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	157,441
Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance | Baa/BBB | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	5,937
Other Credit Enhancement or Insurance | Not Rated | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	6,869
Pre-Refunded | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Pre-Refunded | Aaa/AAA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Pre-Refunded | Aa/AA | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Pre-Refunded | A | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Pre-Refunded | Baa/BBB | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	0
Pre-Refunded | Not Rated | State and political subdivisions
Debt Securities, Held-to-maturity, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 0

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Investment Securities - Income Earned on Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Non-taxable:
Total	$ 40,954	$ 30,717	$ 112,514	$ 79,418
Held-to-maturity
Taxable:
Taxable	10,679	1,127	23,169	2,477
Non-taxable:
Non-taxable	10,181	4,853	26,371	9,887
Available-for-sale
Taxable:
Taxable	14,169	15,949	41,622	39,313
Non-taxable:
Non-taxable	$ 5,925	$ 8,788	$ 21,352	$ 27,741

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Investment Securities - Maturities of Investment Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Held-to-maturity, amortized cost, one year or less	$ 4,519
Held-to-maturity, amortized cost, after one through five years	7,671
Held-to-maturity, amortized cost, after five through ten years	327,461
Held-to-maturity, amortized cost, after ten years	2,233,927
Held-to-maturity, amortized cost, securities not due on a single maturity date	1,214,882
Amortized Cost	3,788,460	$ 1,530,500
Held-to-maturity, fair value, one year or less	4,519
Held-to-maturity, fair value, after one through five years	7,449
Held-to-maturity, fair value, after five through ten years	284,166
Held-to-maturity, fair value, after ten years	1,603,392
Held-to-maturity, fair value, securities not due on a single maturity date	1,084,514
Held-to-maturity, fair value, total	2,984,040	1,517,378
Available-for-sale, amortized cost, one year or less	3,165
Available-for-sale, amortized cost, after one through five years	184,193
Available-for-sale, amortized cost, after five through ten years	268,732
Available-for-sale, amortized cost, after ten years	1,067,671
Available-for-sale, amortized cost, securities not due on a single maturity date	2,959,882
Available-for-sale, amortized cost, other securities (no maturity)	488
Amortized Cost	4,484,131	7,130,861
Available-for-sale, fair value, one year or less	3,142
Available-for-sale, fair value, after one through five years	177,833
Available-for-sale, fair value, after five through ten years	248,862
Available-for-sale, fair value, after ten years	836,869
Available-for-sale, fair value, securities not due on a single maturity date	2,670,348
Available-for-sale, fair value, other securities (no maturity)	489
Available-for-sale, fair value, total	$ 3,937,543	$ 7,113,545

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Other Assets And Other Liabilities Held for Sale (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 08, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 12, 2021 USD ($) branch
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Gain on sale of business	$ 5,300,000
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Loans acquired, held-for-sale			$ 35,200,000
Loans held for sale		$ 2,300,000
Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Other liabilities held-for-sale		$ 0
Disposal Group, Held-for-sale, Not Discontinued Operations | Illinois Branches
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Loans held for sale				$ 354,000
Number of branches sold | branch				4
Deposits held for sale				$ 137,900,000
Gain on sale of business	$ 5,300,000

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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Textual (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) loan	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	$ 15,607,135,000		$ 15,607,135,000		$ 12,012,503,000
Non-credit related discount			29,100,000		21,500,000
Financing receivable, accrued interest excluded from amortized costs	52,700,000		52,700,000		39,800,000
Nonaccrual loans with no allowance for credit loss	$ 13,700,000		$ 13,700,000		14,500,000
Number of loan modifications | loan	3		4	1
Balance prior to TDR	$ 747,000		$ 760,000	$ 784,000
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	3,612,000		3,612,000		6,032,000
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	77,070,000		77,070,000		47,089,000
Unfunded commitments, allowance for credit loss	41,900,000		41,900,000		22,400,000
Off-balance sheet, credit loss, liability, credit loss expense (reversal)	16,000,000	$ 0	19,500,000	$ 0
Residential Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans in process of foreclosure, amount	3,389,000		3,389,000		1,806,000
OREO Received in Full or Partial Satisfaction of Loans | Residential Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	524,000		524,000		831,000
Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	$ 12,089,193,000		$ 12,089,193,000		9,167,250,000
Number of loan modifications | loan	3		4	1
Balance prior to TDR	$ 747,000		$ 760,000	$ 784,000
Real Estate | OREO Received in Full or Partial Satisfaction of Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Balance prior to TDR	0	0	0	$ 0
Paycheck Protection Program Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	12,100,000		12,100,000		116,700,000
Other commercial | Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	$ 7,249,891,000		$ 7,249,891,000		5,738,904,000
Number of loan modifications | loan	3		4	1
Balance prior to TDR	$ 747,000		$ 760,000	$ 784,000
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	64,772,000		64,772,000		32,849,000
Single family residential | Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Loans	2,467,008,000		2,467,008,000		2,101,975,000
Allowance for credit losses on loans		$ 5,100		$ 5,100
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	$ 1,008,000		$ 1,008,000		$ 1,838,000
Commercial real estate | Real Estate
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Number of loans with subsequent default | loan			0	0
Minimum
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, term of loan			1 year
Maximum
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Financing receivable, term of loan			3 years

XML

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loan Portfolio by Categories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans	$ 15,607,135	$ 12,012,503
Consumer
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans	373,163	355,370
Consumer | Credit cards
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans	192,559	187,052
Consumer | Other consumer
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans	180,604	168,318
Real Estate
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans	12,089,193	9,167,250
Real Estate | Construction and development
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans	2,372,294	1,326,371
Real Estate | Single family residential
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans	2,467,008	2,101,975
Real Estate | Other commercial
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans	7,249,891	5,738,904
Commercial
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans	2,788,757	2,160,760
Commercial | Commercial
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans	2,525,218	1,992,043
Commercial | Agricultural
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans	263,539	168,717
Other
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans	$ 356,022	$ 329,123

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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Nonaccrual Loans, Excluding Loans Acquired, Segregated by Class of Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	$ 57,534	$ 68,204
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	611	758
Consumer | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	305	377
Consumer | Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	306	381
Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	41,428	48,517
Real Estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	3,285	2,296
Real Estate | Single family residential
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	22,761	19,268
Real Estate | Other commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	15,382	26,953
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	15,485	18,926
Commercial | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	15,411	18,774
Commercial | Agricultural
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	74	152
Other
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans in nonaccrual status	$ 10	$ 3

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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Age Analysis of Past Due Loans, Excluding Loans Acquired, Segregated by Class of Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	$ 15,607,135	$ 12,012,503
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	242	349
Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	24,940	20,722
90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	28,486	32,907
Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	53,426	53,629
Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	15,553,709	11,958,874
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	373,163	355,370
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	201	247
Consumer | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	2,162	1,996
Consumer | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	386	543
Consumer | Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	2,548	2,539
Consumer | Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	370,615	352,831
Consumer | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	192,559	187,052
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	201	247
Consumer | Credit cards | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	1,348	847
Consumer | Credit cards | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	267	413
Consumer | Credit cards | Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	1,615	1,260
Consumer | Credit cards | Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	190,944	185,792
Consumer | Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	180,604	168,318
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	0	0
Consumer | Other consumer | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	814	1,149
Consumer | Other consumer | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	119	130
Consumer | Other consumer | Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	933	1,279
Consumer | Other consumer | Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	179,671	167,039
Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	12,089,193	9,167,250
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	0	102
Real Estate | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	18,249	13,901
Real Estate | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	21,063	22,170
Real Estate | Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	39,312	36,071
Real Estate | Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	12,049,881	9,131,179
Real Estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	2,372,294	1,326,371
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	0	0
Real Estate | Construction and development | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	1,613	114
Real Estate | Construction and development | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	1,631	504
Real Estate | Construction and development | Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	3,244	618
Real Estate | Construction and development | Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	2,369,050	1,325,753
Real Estate | Single family residential
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	2,467,008	2,101,975
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	0	102
Real Estate | Single family residential | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	11,175	11,313
Real Estate | Single family residential | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	11,250	9,398
Real Estate | Single family residential | Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	22,425	20,711
Real Estate | Single family residential | Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	2,444,583	2,081,264
Real Estate | Other commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	7,249,891	5,738,904
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	0	0
Real Estate | Other commercial | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	5,461	2,474
Real Estate | Other commercial | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	8,182	12,268
Real Estate | Other commercial | Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	13,643	14,742
Real Estate | Other commercial | Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	7,236,248	5,724,162
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	2,788,757	2,160,760
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	41	0
Commercial | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	4,529	4,825
Commercial | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	7,034	10,191
Commercial | Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	11,563	15,016
Commercial | Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	2,777,194	2,145,744
Commercial | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	2,525,218	1,992,043
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	41	0
Commercial | Commercial | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	4,474	4,812
Commercial | Commercial | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	7,008	10,074
Commercial | Commercial | Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	11,482	14,886
Commercial | Commercial | Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	2,513,736	1,977,157
Commercial | Agricultural
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	263,539	168,717
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	0	0
Commercial | Agricultural | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	55	13
Commercial | Agricultural | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	26	117
Commercial | Agricultural | Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	81	130
Commercial | Agricultural | Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	263,458	168,587
Other
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	356,022	329,123
90 Days Past Due & Accruing	0	0
Other | Gross 30-89 Days Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	0	0
Other | 90 Days or More Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	3	3
Other | Financial Asset, Past Due
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	3	3
Other | Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Loans	$ 356,019	$ 329,120

XML

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Troubled Debt Restructurings, Excluding Loans Acquired, Segregated by Class of Loans (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2021 loan	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) loan
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications	3	4	1
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		40		49
Troubled debt, balance | $	$ 4,896	$ 4,896		$ 6,939
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Accruing TDR Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		25		31
Troubled debt, balance | $	1,869	$ 1,869		$ 4,289
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Nonaccrual TDR Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		15		18
Troubled debt, balance | $	$ 3,027	$ 3,027		$ 2,650
Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications	3	4	1
Real Estate | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		37		45
Troubled debt, balance | $	$ 3,545	$ 3,545		$ 5,097
Real Estate | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Accruing TDR Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		25		29
Troubled debt, balance | $	1,869	$ 1,869		$ 3,853
Real Estate | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Nonaccrual TDR Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		12		16
Troubled debt, balance | $	1,676	$ 1,676		$ 1,244
Real Estate | Single family residential | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		36		42
Troubled debt, balance | $	3,544	$ 3,544		$ 4,283
Real Estate | Single family residential | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Accruing TDR Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		24		28
Troubled debt, balance | $	1,868	$ 1,868		$ 3,087
Real Estate | Single family residential | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Nonaccrual TDR Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		12		14
Troubled debt, balance | $	$ 1,676	$ 1,676		$ 1,196
Real Estate | Other commercial
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications	3	4	1
Real Estate | Other commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		1		3
Troubled debt, balance | $	$ 1	$ 1		$ 814
Real Estate | Other commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Accruing TDR Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		1		1
Troubled debt, balance | $	1	$ 1		$ 766
Real Estate | Other commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Nonaccrual TDR Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		0		2
Troubled debt, balance | $	0	$ 0		$ 48
Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		3		4
Troubled debt, balance | $	1,351	$ 1,351		$ 1,842
Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Accruing TDR Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		0		2
Troubled debt, balance | $	0	$ 0		$ 436
Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Nonaccrual TDR Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		3		2
Troubled debt, balance | $	1,351	$ 1,351		$ 1,406
Commercial | Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		3		4
Troubled debt, balance | $	1,351	$ 1,351		$ 1,842
Commercial | Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Accruing TDR Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		0		2
Troubled debt, balance | $	0	$ 0		$ 436
Commercial | Commercial | Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Nonaccrual TDR Loans
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loan modifications		3		2
Troubled debt, balance | $	$ 1,351	$ 1,351		$ 1,406

XML

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans Restructured as TDRs, Excluding Loans Acquired, Segregated by Class of Loans (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) loan	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) loan
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loans | loan	3	4	1
Balance Prior to TDR	$ 747	$ 760	$ 784
Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loans | loan	3	4	1
Balance Prior to TDR	$ 747	$ 760	$ 784
Balance	727	740	778
Financial Impact on Date of Restructure	0	0	0
Real Estate | Change in Maturity Date
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Balance	0	0	0
Real Estate | Change in Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Balance	$ 727	$ 740	$ 778
Real Estate | Other commercial
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Number of loans | loan	3	4	1
Balance Prior to TDR	$ 747	$ 760	$ 784
Balance	727	740	778
Financial Impact on Date of Restructure	0	0	0
Real Estate | Other commercial | Change in Maturity Date
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Balance	0	0	0
Real Estate | Other commercial | Change in Rate
Financing Receivable, Troubled Debt Restructuring [Line Items]
Balance	$ 727	$ 740	$ 778

XML

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Loans by Credit Risk Rating, Segregated by Class of Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	$ 15,607,135	$ 12,012,503
Loans other than pass or current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	3,022,119	2,516,672
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	2,514,957	1,525,310
Two years before current fiscal year	1,228,057	709,683
Three years before current fiscal year	622,156	656,367
Four years before current fiscal year	566,287	801,918
Five years before current fiscal year	1,462,385	1,081,384
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	6,137,000	4,431,020
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	54,174	290,149
Total	15,607,135	12,012,503
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	373,163	355,370
Consumer | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	192,559	187,052
Consumer | Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	180,604	168,318
Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	12,089,193	9,167,250
Real Estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,372,294	1,326,371
Real Estate | Construction and development | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	184,664	74,813
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	86,225	83,729
Two years before current fiscal year	65,254	28,803
Three years before current fiscal year	20,346	17,349
Four years before current fiscal year	19,807	8,505
Five years before current fiscal year	17,516	9,319
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,963,664	1,074,617
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	340	20,285
Total	2,357,816	1,317,420
Real Estate | Construction and development | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	252	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	270
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	42	47
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	9,074	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	9,368	317
Real Estate | Construction and development | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	1,005	191
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	85	77
Two years before current fiscal year	10	16
Three years before current fiscal year	14	54
Four years before current fiscal year	31	324
Five years before current fiscal year	138	423
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	3,827	5,598
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	1,951
Total	5,110	8,634
Real Estate | Construction and development | Doubtful and loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	0	0
Real Estate | Construction and development | Risk rate 5, 6, and 7
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	185,921	75,004
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	86,310	83,806
Two years before current fiscal year	65,264	29,089
Three years before current fiscal year	20,360	17,403
Four years before current fiscal year	19,838	8,829
Five years before current fiscal year	17,696	9,789
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,976,565	1,080,215
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	340	22,236
Total	2,372,294	1,326,371
Real Estate | Single family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,467,008	2,101,975
Real Estate | Other commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	7,249,891	5,738,904
Real Estate | Other commercial | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	1,498,718	1,349,746
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,544,045	807,701
Two years before current fiscal year	646,921	375,824
Three years before current fiscal year	339,571	267,696
Four years before current fiscal year	241,678	476,029
Five years before current fiscal year	758,803	537,493
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,882,897	1,409,099
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	19,646	164,856
Total	6,932,279	5,388,444
Real Estate | Other commercial | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	30,970	28,151
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	13,928	30,981
Two years before current fiscal year	31,702	2,799
Three years before current fiscal year	208	6,650
Four years before current fiscal year	6,768	39,361
Five years before current fiscal year	37,207	4,801
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	49,083	38,638
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	1,608
Total	169,866	152,989
Real Estate | Other commercial | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	22,117	28,137
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	16,487	10,186
Two years before current fiscal year	15,292	5,243
Three years before current fiscal year	4,624	10,806
Four years before current fiscal year	8,377	30,060
Five years before current fiscal year	36,445	27,107
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	44,404	53,860
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	32,072
Total	147,746	197,471
Real Estate | Other commercial | Doubtful and loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	0	0
Real Estate | Other commercial | Risk rate 5, 6, and 7
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	1,551,805	1,406,034
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,574,460	848,868
Two years before current fiscal year	693,915	383,866
Three years before current fiscal year	344,403	285,152
Four years before current fiscal year	256,823	545,450
Five years before current fiscal year	832,455	569,401
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,976,384	1,501,597
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	19,646	198,536
Total	7,249,891	5,738,904
Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,788,757	2,160,760
Commercial | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,525,218	1,992,043
Commercial | Commercial | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	503,656	455,499
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	330,386	187,517
Two years before current fiscal year	167,711	80,486
Three years before current fiscal year	75,215	57,437
Four years before current fiscal year	43,335	36,529
Five years before current fiscal year	54,340	57,099
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,281,039	1,004,971
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	27,220	41,885
Total	2,482,902	1,921,423
Commercial | Commercial | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	51	670
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,080	2,482
Two years before current fiscal year	34	1,066
Three years before current fiscal year	58	189
Four years before current fiscal year	8	261
Five years before current fiscal year	963	2,770
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	2,042	8,500
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	10,499
Total	4,236	26,437
Commercial | Commercial | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	2,247	3,436
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	6,059	18,381
Two years before current fiscal year	764	4,397
Three years before current fiscal year	1,014	1,196
Four years before current fiscal year	1,462	578
Five years before current fiscal year	4,682	850
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	20,968	8,242
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	884	7,103
Total	38,080	44,183
Commercial | Commercial | Doubtful and loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	0	0
Commercial | Commercial | Risk rate 5, 6, and 7
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	505,954	459,605
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	337,525	208,380
Two years before current fiscal year	168,509	85,949
Three years before current fiscal year	76,287	58,822
Four years before current fiscal year	44,805	37,368
Five years before current fiscal year	59,985	60,719
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,304,049	1,021,713
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	28,104	59,487
Total	2,525,218	1,992,043
Commercial | Agricultural
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	263,539	168,717
Commercial | Agricultural | Pass
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	34,791	32,780
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	25,667	20,230
Two years before current fiscal year	12,321	10,253
Three years before current fiscal year	6,336	3,646
Four years before current fiscal year	1,600	2,364
Five years before current fiscal year	1,469	459
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	180,276	98,245
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	413	327
Total	262,873	168,304
Commercial | Agricultural | Special mention
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	0	0
Commercial | Agricultural | Substandard
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	9	191
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	23	25
Two years before current fiscal year	5	27
Three years before current fiscal year	57	53
Four years before current fiscal year	10	22
Five years before current fiscal year	0	3
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	562	23
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	69
Total	666	413
Commercial | Agricultural | Doubtful and loss
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	0	0
Commercial | Agricultural | Risk rate 5, 6, and 7
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	34,800	32,971
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	25,690	20,255
Two years before current fiscal year	12,326	10,280
Three years before current fiscal year	6,393	3,699
Four years before current fiscal year	1,610	2,386
Five years before current fiscal year	1,469	462
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	180,838	98,268
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	413	396
Total	263,539	168,717
Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	356,022	329,123
Current
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	15,553,709	11,958,874
Current | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	370,615	352,831
Current | Consumer | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	190,944	185,792
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	190,944	185,792
Current | Consumer | Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	101,692	97,830
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	31,531	21,885
Two years before current fiscal year	12,111	11,712
Three years before current fiscal year	5,375	6,756
Four years before current fiscal year	3,465	5,416
Five years before current fiscal year	3,514	3,833
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	21,980	19,607
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	3	0
Total	179,671	167,039
Current | Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	12,049,881	9,131,179
Current | Real Estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,369,050	1,325,753
Current | Real Estate | Single family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	544,782	419,605
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	426,319	335,788
Two years before current fiscal year	265,458	185,190
Three years before current fiscal year	162,395	260,037
Four years before current fiscal year	216,192	193,110
Five years before current fiscal year	509,819	421,957
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	314,903	256,155
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	4,715	9,422
Total	2,444,583	2,081,264
Current | Real Estate | Other commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	7,236,248	5,724,162
Current | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,777,194	2,145,744
Current | Commercial | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	2,513,736	1,977,157
Current | Commercial | Agricultural
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	263,458	168,587
Current | Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	96,254	24,247
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	30,852	4,740
Two years before current fiscal year	8,599	1,236
Three years before current fiscal year	5,529	22,438
Four years before current fiscal year	20,537	6,692
Five years before current fiscal year	26,057	5,578
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	167,238	264,189
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	953	0
Total	356,019	329,120
30-89 days past due | Consumer | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,348	847
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	1,348	847
30-89 days past due | Consumer | Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	279	265
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	270	121
Two years before current fiscal year	68	164
Three years before current fiscal year	46	49
Four years before current fiscal year	17	219
Five years before current fiscal year	128	156
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	6	175
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	814	1,149
30-89 days past due | Real Estate | Single family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	453	1,061
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	1,070	883
Two years before current fiscal year	1,222	1,662
Three years before current fiscal year	420	791
Four years before current fiscal year	1,786	1,077
Five years before current fiscal year	5,435	4,360
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	789	1,479
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	11,175	11,313
30-89 days past due | Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	0	0
90+ days past due
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	28,486	32,907
90+ days past due | Consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	386	543
90+ days past due | Consumer | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	267	413
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	267	413
90+ days past due | Consumer | Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	19	23
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	26	23
Two years before current fiscal year	20	28
Three years before current fiscal year	12	21
Four years before current fiscal year	2	13
Five years before current fiscal year	31	22
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	9	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	119	130
90+ days past due | Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	21,063	22,170
90+ days past due | Real Estate | Construction and development
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	1,631	504
90+ days past due | Real Estate | Single family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	160	27
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	904	561
Two years before current fiscal year	565	507
Three years before current fiscal year	936	1,199
Four years before current fiscal year	1,212	1,358
Five years before current fiscal year	5,793	5,104
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	1,680	570
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	72
Total	11,250	9,398
90+ days past due | Real Estate | Other commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	8,182	12,268
90+ days past due | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	7,034	10,191
90+ days past due | Commercial | Commercial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	7,008	10,074
90+ days past due | Commercial | Agricultural
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total	26	117
90+ days past due | Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	3	3
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	3	3
30 + days past due | Consumer | Credit cards
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	0	0
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	0	0
Two years before current fiscal year	0	0
Three years before current fiscal year	0	0
Four years before current fiscal year	0	0
Five years before current fiscal year	0	0
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	192,559	187,052
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	0	0
Total	192,559	187,052
30 + days past due | Consumer | Other consumer
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	101,990	98,118
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	31,827	22,029
Two years before current fiscal year	12,199	11,904
Three years before current fiscal year	5,433	6,826
Four years before current fiscal year	3,484	5,648
Five years before current fiscal year	3,673	4,011
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	21,995	19,782
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	3	0
Total	180,604	168,318
30 + days past due | Real Estate | Single family residential
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	545,395	420,693
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	428,293	337,232
Two years before current fiscal year	267,245	187,359
Three years before current fiscal year	163,751	262,027
Four years before current fiscal year	219,190	195,545
Five years before current fiscal year	521,047	431,421
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	317,372	258,204
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	4,715	9,494
Total	2,467,008	2,101,975
30 + days past due | Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Current fiscal year	96,254	24,247
Fiscal year before current fiscal year	30,852	4,740
Two years before current fiscal year	8,599	1,236
Three years before current fiscal year	5,529	22,438
Four years before current fiscal year	20,537	6,692
Five years before current fiscal year	26,060	5,581
Lines of Credit (“LOC”) Amortized Cost Basis	167,238	264,189
LOC Converted to Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis	953	0
Total	$ 356,022	$ 329,123

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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Collateral Dependent Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	$ 77,070	$ 47,089
Real Estate Collateral
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	68,463	37,176
Other Collateral
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	8,607	9,913
Real Estate | Construction and development
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	2,683	2,489
Real Estate | Construction and development | Real Estate Collateral
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	2,683	2,489
Real Estate | Construction and development | Other Collateral
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	0	0
Real Estate | Single family residential
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	1,008	1,838
Real Estate | Single family residential | Real Estate Collateral
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	1,008	1,838
Real Estate | Single family residential | Other Collateral
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	0	0
Real Estate | Other commercial
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	64,772	32,849
Real Estate | Other commercial | Real Estate Collateral
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	64,772	32,849
Real Estate | Other commercial | Other Collateral
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	0	0
Commercial | Commercial
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	8,607	9,913
Commercial | Commercial | Real Estate Collateral
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	0	0
Commercial | Commercial | Other Collateral
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Financing receivable, collateral dependent, amount	$ 8,607	$ 9,913

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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses, by Portfolio Segment, for the Current Year (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period			$ 205,332
Provision for credit loss expense	$ (15,897)	$ (19,890)	(5,405)	$ (29,901)
Balance, end of period	197,589		197,589
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	212,611	227,239	205,332	238,050
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans	1,057		5,100
Provision for credit loss expense	(15,897)	(19,890)	(5,405)	(29,901)
Charge-offs	(3,412)	(8,047)	(13,875)	(14,503)
Recoveries	3,230	3,206	6,437	8,862
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(182)	(4,841)	(7,438)	(5,641)
Balance, end of period	197,589	202,508	197,589	202,508
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Other Consumer and Other
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	6,704	3,616	4,617	5,617
Provision for credit loss expense	840	(122)	3,168	(1,737)
Charge-offs	(506)	(463)	(1,438)	(1,577)
Recoveries	278	408	967	1,136
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(228)	(55)	(471)	(441)
Balance, end of period	7,316	3,439	7,316	3,439
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Commercial
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	32,817	29,793	17,458	42,093
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans	1,057		1,911
Provision for credit loss expense	(613)	(11,853)	19,721	(25,453)
Charge-offs	(1,873)	(932)	(8,880)	(2,099)
Recoveries	720	463	1,898	2,930
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(1,153)	(469)	(6,982)	831
Balance, end of period	32,108	17,471	32,108	17,471
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Real Estate
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	166,481	188,388	179,270	182,868
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans	0		3,187
Provision for credit loss expense	(17,243)	(7,668)	(33,436)	(1,948)
Charge-offs	(130)	(5,941)	(730)	(8,068)
Recoveries	1,982	2,068	2,799	3,995
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	1,852	(3,873)	2,069	(4,073)
Balance, end of period	151,090	176,847	151,090	176,847
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Consumer | Credit cards
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	6,609	5,442	3,987	7,472
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans	0		0
Provision for credit loss expense	1,119	(247)	5,142	(763)
Charge-offs	(903)	(711)	(2,827)	(2,759)
Recoveries	250	267	773	801
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(653)	(444)	(2,054)	(1,958)
Balance, end of period	7,075	$ 4,751	7,075	$ 4,751
Loans, Excluding Acquired Loans | Consumer | Other Consumer and Other
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Roll Forward]
Acquisition adjustment for PCD loans	$ 0		$ 2

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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - Provision for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Receivables [Abstract]
Provision for credit loss expense	$ (15,897,000)	$ (19,890,000)	$ (5,405,000)	$ (29,901,000)
Unfunded commitments	16,000,000	0	19,453,000	0
Securities - HTM	0	0	0	(1,183,000)
Securities - AFS	0	0	0	(312,000)
Total	$ 103,000	$ (19,890,000)	$ 14,048,000	$ (31,396,000)

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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses - PCD Loans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Non-credit related discount	$ 29,100	$ 21,500
Landmark Community Bank
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	66,662
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(2,359)
Non-credit related discount	(2,577)
Fair value of PCD loans	61,726
Triumph Bancshares Inc
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	121,284
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(11,092)
Non-credit related discount	(1,594)
Fair value of PCD loans	108,598
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	74,851
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(5,100)
Non-credit related discount	(1,377)
Fair value of PCD loans	68,374
Commercial | Landmark Community Bank
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	11,046
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(350)
Non-credit related discount	(160)
Fair value of PCD loans	10,536
Commercial | Triumph Bancshares Inc
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	40,466
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(2,999)
Non-credit related discount	(279)
Fair value of PCD loans	37,188
Commercial | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	8,258
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(1,911)
Non-credit related discount	(378)
Fair value of PCD loans	5,969
Real Estate | Landmark Community Bank
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	55,549
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(2,008)
Non-credit related discount	(2,415)
Fair value of PCD loans	51,126
Real Estate | Triumph Bancshares Inc
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	80,803
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(8,093)
Non-credit related discount	(1,314)
Fair value of PCD loans	71,396
Real Estate | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	66,534
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(3,187)
Non-credit related discount	(998)
Fair value of PCD loans	62,349
Credit cards | Landmark Community Bank
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	0
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	0
Non-credit related discount	0
Fair value of PCD loans	0
Credit cards | Triumph Bancshares Inc
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	0
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	0
Non-credit related discount	0
Fair value of PCD loans	0
Credit cards | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	0
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	0
Non-credit related discount	0
Fair value of PCD loans	0
Other Consumer and Other | Landmark Community Bank
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	67
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(1)
Non-credit related discount	(2)
Fair value of PCD loans	64
Other Consumer and Other | Triumph Bancshares Inc
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	15
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	0
Non-credit related discount	(1)
Fair value of PCD loans	14
Other Consumer and Other | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Unpaid principal balance	59
PCD allowance for credit loss at acquisition	(2)
Non-credit related discount	(1)
Fair value of PCD loans	$ 56

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Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities - Lease Expense and Supplemental Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Right-of-use lease assets	$ 49,308	$ 48,855
Lease liabilities	$ 50,187	$ 49,321
Weighted average remaining lease term	7 years 9 months 25 days	7 years 11 months 15 days
Weighted average discount rate	2.05%	2.00%
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Premises and equipment	Premises and equipment
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Accrued interest and other liabilities	Accrued interest and other liabilities

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Right-Of-Use Lease Assets and Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 3.6	$ 2.8	$ 10.5	$ 8.5

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Premises and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Right-of-use lease assets	$ 49,308	$ 48,855
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(194,610)	(171,144)
Total premises and equipment, net	549,932	483,469
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Premises and equipment	123,068	101,728
Buildings and improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Premises and equipment	366,773	320,844
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Premises and equipment	117,111	107,122
Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Premises and equipment	67,515	66,947
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Premises and equipment	$ 20,767	$ 9,117

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Textual (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 1,309,000,000		$ 1,309,000,000	$ 1,146,007,000
Goodwill increase			$ 163,000,000
Goodwill impairment	$ 0	$ 0
Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)			8 years
Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)			15 years
Core Deposit Premium | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)			10 years
Core Deposit Premium | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful life (in years)			15 years

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Changes in Goodwill and Other Intangibles (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Core deposit premiums, beginning of period			$ 106,235
Amortization of intangibles	$ (4,225)	$ (3,332)	(11,807)	$ (10,008)
Core deposit premiums, end of period	133,059		133,059		$ 106,235
Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Core deposit premiums, end of period	36,500		36,500
Triumph Bancshares Inc
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Core deposit premiums, beginning of period			5,100
Core deposit premiums, end of period					5,100
Landmark Community Bank
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Core deposit premiums, beginning of period			4,200
Core deposit premiums, end of period					4,200
Core Deposit Premium
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Core deposit premiums, beginning of period			93,862	97,363	97,363
Acquisitions			36,500		9,295
Disposition of intangible asset			0		(674)
Amortization of intangibles			(10,647)		(12,122)
Core deposit premiums, end of period	119,715		119,715		93,862
Books of Business Intangible
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Core deposit premiums, beginning of period			12,373	$ 13,747	13,747
Acquisitions			2,131		0
Amortization of intangibles			(1,160)		(1,374)
Core deposit premiums, end of period	$ 13,344		$ 13,344		$ 12,373

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Goodwill and Other Intangibles (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total	$ 133,059	$ 106,235
Core Deposit Premium
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	189,996	153,496
Accumulated amortization	(70,281)	(59,634)
Total	119,715	93,862	$ 97,363
Books of Business Intangible
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount	22,068	19,937
Accumulated amortization	(8,724)	(7,564)
Total	$ 13,344	$ 12,373	$ 13,747

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2022	$ 4,108
2023	16,306
2024	15,403
2025	12,819
2026	12,346
Thereafter	72,077
Total	$ 133,059	$ 106,235

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Time Deposits - Textual (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Banking and Thrift, Other Disclosure [Abstract]
Time deposits certificates over $250,000	$ 1,250.0	$ 784.9
Interest-bearing domestic deposit, brokered	$ 1,820.0	$ 466.0

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Income Taxes - Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income taxes currently payable	$ 14,952	$ 21,500	$ 35,412	$ 46,566
Deferred income taxes	2,007	(2,730)	2,924	3,585
Actual tax provision	$ 16,959	$ 18,770	$ 38,336	$ 50,151

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Income Taxes - Tax Effects of Temporary Differences Related to Deferred Taxes Included in Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets:
Loans acquired	$ 7,459	$ 4,832
Allowance for credit losses	47,048	48,462
Valuation of foreclosed assets	628	628
Tax NOLs from acquisition	12,423	13,537
Deferred compensation payable	3,795	3,426
Accrued equity and other compensation	5,738	5,776
Acquired securities	19,749	223
Right-of-use lease liability	12,194	11,984
Unrealized loss on AFS securities	204,415	8,164
Allowance for unfunded commitments	10,188	5,442
Other	5,905	7,202
Gross deferred tax assets	329,542	109,676
Deferred tax liabilities:
Goodwill and other intangible amortization	(45,070)	(38,329)
Accumulated depreciation	(24,741)	(26,347)
Right-of-use lease asset	(11,981)	(11,871)
Unrealized gain on swaps	(29,279)	(2,767)
Other	(4,233)	(3,718)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(115,304)	(83,032)
Net deferred tax asset	$ 214,238	$ 26,644

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Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Computed at the statutory rate	$ 20,488	$ 20,859	$ 44,412	$ 57,336
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	1,774	1,477	2,339	4,855
Stock-based compensation	16	(22)	(89)	15
Tax exempt interest income	(3,682)	(2,973)	(10,704)	(8,224)
Tax exempt earnings on BOLI	(509)	(435)	(1,399)	(995)
Federal tax credits	(301)	(491)	(1,838)	(1,670)
Other differences, net	(827)	355	5,615	(1,166)
Actual tax provision	$ 16,959	$ 18,770	$ 38,336	$ 50,151

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Income Taxes - Textual (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
U.S. federal | Earliest Tax Year
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Open tax year	2018
State | Earliest Tax Year
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Open tax year	2018
Metropolitan
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Net operating losses	$ 55.6

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Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase - Textual (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disclosure of Repurchase Agreements [Abstract]
Repurchase agreements	$ 159.5	$ 170.4

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Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase - Contractual Maturity of the Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	$ 159,500	$ 170,400
U.S. Government agencies
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	159,513	170,403
U.S. Government agencies | Overnight and Continuous
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	159,513	170,403
U.S. Government agencies | Up to 30 Days
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	0	0
U.S. Government agencies | 30-90 Days
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	0	0
U.S. Government agencies | Greater than 90 Days
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings [Line Items]
Repurchase agreements	$ 0	$ 0

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Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes and Debentures - Debt Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt		$ 1,330,723	$ 1,722,104
FHLB advances, net of discount, due 2022 to 2034, 1.49% to 5.53% secured by real estate loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt		$ 934,147	1,306,143
FHLB advances, net of discount, due 2022 to 2034, 1.49% to 5.53% secured by real estate loans | Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate (as percent)		1.49%
FHLB advances, net of discount, due 2022 to 2034, 1.49% to 5.53% secured by real estate loans | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate (as percent)		5.53%
Other long-term debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt		$ 30,625	31,830
Total other borrowings
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt		964,772	1,337,973
Subordinated Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate (as percent)	5.00%
Subordinated Notes | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)	2.15%
Subordinated Notes | Subordinated notes payable, due 4/1/2028, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 5.00% through 3/31/2023, floating rate of 2.15% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross		$ 330,000	330,000
Fixed rate (as percent)		5.00%
Subordinated Notes | Subordinated notes payable, due 4/1/2028, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 5.00% through 3/31/2023, floating rate of 2.15% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly) | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)		2.15%
Subordinated Notes | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross		$ 37,313	0
Fixed rate (as percent)		6.00%
Subordinated Notes | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly) | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross		$ 37,400
Fixed rate (as percent)		6.00%
Subordinated Notes | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly) | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)		5.92%
Subordinated Notes | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly) | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)		592.00%
Subordinated Notes | Trust preferred securities, due 9/15/2037, floating rate of 1.37% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross		$ 0	10,310
Subordinated Notes | Trust preferred securities, due 9/15/2037, floating rate of 1.37% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)		1.37%
Subordinated Notes | Trust preferred securities, due 6/6/2037, floating rate of 1.57% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross		$ 0	10,310
Subordinated Notes | Trust preferred securities, due 6/6/2037, floating rate of 1.57% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)		1.57%
Subordinated Notes | Trust preferred securities, due 12/15/2035, floating rate of 1.45% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross		$ 0	6,702
Subordinated Notes | Trust preferred securities, due 12/15/2035, floating rate of 1.45% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)		1.45%
Subordinated Notes | Trust preferred securities, net of discount, due 6/15/2037, floating rate of 1.85% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross		$ 0	25,329
Subordinated Notes | Trust preferred securities, net of discount, due 6/15/2037, floating rate of 1.85% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)		1.85%
Subordinated Notes | Trust preferred securities, net of discount, due 12/15/2036, floating rate of 1.85% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt, gross		$ 0	3,041
Subordinated Notes | Trust preferred securities, net of discount, due 12/15/2036, floating rate of 1.85% above the three month LIBOR rate, reset quarterly, callable without penalty | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)		1.85%
Total subordinated notes and debentures
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total other borrowings and subordinated debt		$ 365,951	384,131
Unamortized debt issuance costs		$ (1,362)	$ (1,561)

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Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes and Debentures - Textual (Details)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) issuance	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
FHLB advances		$ 934,100,000	$ 934,100,000		$ 1,310,000,000
Mortgage loans and investment securities securing FHLB advances		6,000,000,000	6,000,000,000
Additional advances from FHLB		$ 5,000,000,000	5,000,000,000
Early retirement of debt			$ (365,000)	$ 0
Subordinated debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures	$ 330,000,000
Fixed rate (as percent)	5.00%
Debt issuance costs	$ 3,600,000
Subordinated debt | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)	2.15%
Subordinated debt | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate (as percent)		6.00%	6.00%
Long-term debt, gross		$ 37,313,000	$ 37,313,000		$ 0
Subordinated debt | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly) | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Fixed rate (as percent)		6.00%	6.00%
Long-term debt, gross		$ 37,400,000	$ 37,400,000
Subordinated debt | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly) | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)			5.92%
Subordinated debt | Subordinated notes payable, net of premium adjustments, due 7/31/2030, fixed-to-floating rate (fixed rate of 6.00% through 7/30/2025, floating rate of 5.92% above the three month SOFR rate, reset quarterly) | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Spirit of Texas Bancshares, Inc.
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Floating rate (as percent)			592.00%
Trust preferred securities
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Subordinated debentures		$ 56,200,000	$ 56,200,000
Number of issuances of trust | issuance		5
Early retirement of debt		$ 365,000

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Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes and Debentures - Aggregate Annual Maturities of Long-term Debt (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Remainder of 2022	$ 429
2023	1,783
2024	1,839
2025	4,841
2026	1,844
Thereafter	389,986
Total	$ 400,722

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Capital Stock - Textual (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Apr. 27, 2022	Apr. 26, 2022	Jan. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jul. 23, 2021	Jul. 22, 2021	Oct. 29, 2019	Feb. 27, 2009
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)												40,040,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)												$ 0.01
Common stock, Class A, shares authorized (in shares)	350,000,000		350,000,000					175,000,000
Stock repurchases (in shares)	1,883,713	1,806,205		1,937,121
Stock repurchases, average price (in dollars per share)	$ 23.91	$ 28.48		$ 28.14
2019 Program
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchases (in shares)			513,725
Stock repurchases, average price (in dollars per share)			$ 31.25
2022 Program
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchases (in shares)			3,919,037
Stock repurchases, average price (in dollars per share)			$ 24.26
Common Class A
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, Class A, shares authorized (in shares)					350,000,000	175,000,000
Number of shares authorized to be repurchased (in shares)							175,000,000		276,500,000	180,000,000
Reliance Bancshares, Inc. | Series D Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)											$ 0.01
Maximum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, liquidation preference, value	$ 80,000,000		$ 80,000,000

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Undivided Profits - Textual (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Equity [Abstract]
Threshold percentage of net profits exceeded by dividends declared, any calendar year (as percent)	75.00%
Threshold percentage of net profits exceeded by dividends declared, combined with preceding year (as percent)	75.00%
Statutory accounting practices, statutory amount available for dividend payments without regulatory approval	$ 175.1
Tier 1 leverage capital required to be well capitalized to average assets (as percent)	0.05
Tier 1 risk-based capital required to be well capitalized to risk weighted assets (as percent)	0.08
Capital required to be well-capitalized to risk weighted assets (as percent)	0.10
Common equity Tier 1 ratio required to be well capitalized (as percent)	6.50%
Capital conservation buffer (as percent)	2.50%
CET1 ratio (as percent)	0.1173

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Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Compensation Plans (Details) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Stock Options Outstanding
Stock options outstanding, number of shares, balance (in shares)	473,000
Stock options granted (in shares)	0	0
Stock options exercised, exercised (in shares)	(2,000)
Stock options forfeited/expired (in shares)	0
Stock options outstanding, number of shares, balance (in shares)	471,000
Stock options outstanding, number of shares, exercisable (in shares)	471,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Stock options, weighted average exercise price, balance (in dollars per share)	$ 22.50
Stock options, weighted average exercise price, granted (in dollars per share)	0
Stock options, weighted average exercise price, exercised (in dollars per share)	13.89
Stock options, weighted average exercise price, forfeited/expired (in dollars per share)	0
Stock options, weighted average exercise price, balance (in dollars per share)	22.54
Stock options outstanding, weighted average exercise price, exercisable (in dollars per share)	$ 22.54
Non-vested Stock Awards Outstanding
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Non-vested shares outstanding, balance (in shares)	2,000
Non-vested shares outstanding, granted (in shares)	0
Non-vested shares outstanding, vested (earned) (in shares)	(2,000)
Non-vested shares outstanding, forfeited/expired (in shares)	0
Non-vested shares outstanding, balance (in shares)	0
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Non-vested shares outstanding. weighted-average grant-date fair value, balance (in dollars per share)	$ 22.20
Non-vested shares outstanding. weighted-average grant-date fair value, granted (in dollars per share)	0
Non-vested shares outstanding. weighted-average grant-date fair value, vested (earned) (in dollars per share)	22.20
Non-vested shares outstanding. weighted-average grant-date fair value, forfeited/expired (in dollars per share)	0
Non-vested shares outstanding. weighted-average grant-date fair value, balance (in dollars per share)	$ 0
Non-vested Stock Units Outstanding
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Non-vested shares outstanding, balance (in shares)	1,111,000
Non-vested shares outstanding, granted (in shares)	671,000
Non-vested shares outstanding, vested (earned) (in shares)	(397,000)
Non-vested shares outstanding, forfeited/expired (in shares)	(80,000)
Non-vested shares outstanding, balance (in shares)	1,305,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Non-vested shares outstanding. weighted-average grant-date fair value, balance (in dollars per share)	$ 26.49
Non-vested shares outstanding. weighted-average grant-date fair value, granted (in dollars per share)	26.64
Non-vested shares outstanding. weighted-average grant-date fair value, vested (earned) (in dollars per share)	26.42
Non-vested shares outstanding. weighted-average grant-date fair value, forfeited/expired (in dollars per share)	25.69
Non-vested shares outstanding. weighted-average grant-date fair value, balance (in dollars per share)	$ 26.66

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Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Options (Details) shares in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 $ / shares shares
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, minimum (in dollars per share)	$ 10.65
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, maximum (in dollars per share)	$ 24.07
Options outstanding, number of shares (in shares) | shares	471
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life	2 years 9 months 25 days
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.54
Options exercisable, number of shares (in shares) | shares	471
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.54
Range 01
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, minimum (in dollars per share)	10.65
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, maximum (in dollars per share)	$ 10.65
Options outstanding, number of shares (in shares) | shares	1
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life	3 months 14 days
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.65
Options exercisable, number of shares (in shares) | shares	1
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 10.65
Range 02
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, minimum (in dollars per share)	20.29
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, maximum (in dollars per share)	$ 20.29
Options outstanding, number of shares (in shares) | shares	47
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life	2 years 3 months
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 20.29
Options exercisable, number of shares (in shares) | shares	47
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 20.29
Range 03
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, minimum (in dollars per share)	22.20
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, maximum (in dollars per share)	$ 22.20
Options outstanding, number of shares (in shares) | shares	51
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life	2 years 5 months 23 days
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.20
Options exercisable, number of shares (in shares) | shares	51
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.20
Range 04
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, minimum (in dollars per share)	22.75
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, maximum (in dollars per share)	$ 22.75
Options outstanding, number of shares (in shares) | shares	293
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life	2 years 10 months 9 days
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.75
Options exercisable, number of shares (in shares) | shares	293
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 22.75
Range 05
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, minimum (in dollars per share)	23.51
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, maximum (in dollars per share)	$ 23.51
Options outstanding, number of shares (in shares) | shares	72
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life	3 years 3 months 18 days
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 23.51
Options exercisable, number of shares (in shares) | shares	72
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 23.51
Range 06
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, minimum (in dollars per share)	24.07
Options outstanding, range of exercise prices, maximum (in dollars per share)	$ 24.07
Options outstanding, number of shares (in shares) | shares	7
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual life	2 years 11 months 15 days
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 24.07
Options exercisable, number of shares (in shares) | shares	7
Options exercisable, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 24.07

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Company's Restricted Performance Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) shares in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Non-vested shares outstanding, balance (in shares)	257
Granted (in shares)	185
Vested (earned) (in shares)	(75)
Forfeited (in shares)	(12)
Non-vested shares outstanding, balance (in shares)	355

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Stock-Based Compensation - Textual (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 11,500,000	$ 12,600,000
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options	0
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to non-vested stock awards	$ 20,500,000
Period unrecognized expenses is expected to be recognized	1 year 7 months 6 days
Intrinsic value of stock options outstanding	$ 86,000
Intrinsic value of stock options exercisable	$ 86,000
Share price (in dollars per share)	$ 21.79
Stock options exercised		$ 1,300,000
Stock options granted (in shares)	0	0

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Earnings Per Share ("EPS") (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income available to common stockholders	$ 80,603	$ 80,561	$ 173,152	$ 222,879
Average common shares outstanding (in shares)	127,884	107,822	122,935	108,130
Average potential dilutive common shares (in shares)	452	538	452	538
Average diluted common shares (in shares)	128,336	108,360	123,387	108,668
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63	$ 0.75	$ 1.41	$ 2.06
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63	$ 0.74	$ 1.40	$ 2.05

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Earnings Per Share ("EPS") - Textual (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Shares excluded from earnings per share calculation (in shares)	99,837	0	0	0

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Additional Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Other Significant Noncash Transactions [Line Items]
Interest paid	$ 66,744	$ 59,535
Income taxes (refunded) paid	14,674	46,693
Transfers of premises held for sale to other real estate owned	0	4,368
Transfers of premises held for sale to premises	0	5,610
Transfers of available-for-sale to held-to-maturity securities	1,992,542	500,809
Transfers of loans to foreclosed assets held for sale
Other Significant Noncash Transactions [Line Items]
Transfers of loans and premises	632	3,516
Transfer of Premises to Foreclosed Assets and Other Real Estate Owned
Other Significant Noncash Transactions [Line Items]
Transfers of loans and premises	$ 100	$ 0

XML

Other Income and Other Operating Expenses - Textual (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Other income	$ 6,658	$ 6,411	$ 20,761	$ 25,308
Gain on sale of business				$ 5,300

XML

Other Income and Other Operating Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]
Professional services	$ 4,339	$ 4,399	$ 13,987	$ 14,207
Postage	2,385	1,964	6,728	6,277
Telephone	1,668	1,516	4,921	4,758
Credit card expense	3,149	2,727	8,892	7,588
Marketing	6,662	5,019	21,556	12,912
Software and technology	10,340	10,134	30,565	30,242
Operating supplies	441	605	1,852	2,013
Amortization of intangibles	4,225	3,332	11,807	10,008
Branch right sizing expense	1,170	(3,280)	2,371	(2,187)
Other expense	10,705	8,149	28,534	22,008
Total other operating expenses	$ 45,084	$ 34,565	$ 131,213	$ 107,826

XML

Commitments and Credit Risk - Textual (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Outstanding letters of credit	$ 50,600,000	$ 37,700,000
Federal Home Loan Bank Certificates and Obligations (FHLB)
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Outstanding letters of credit	113,800,000	59,100,000
Standby Letters of Credit
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 0	0
Minimum
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Term of letter of credit	9 months
Maximum
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Term of letter of credit	15 years
Credit card commitments
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Outstanding commitments	$ 696,700,000	685,300,000
Other loan commitments
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Outstanding commitments	5,620,000,000	3,410,000,000
Fixed Rate Mortgage Loans
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Outstanding commitments	$ 37,200,000	$ 108,500,000

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value of Financial Assets Measure on a Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	$ 3,937,543	$ 7,113,545
U.S. Treasury
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	2,191	300
U.S. Government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	188,060	364,641
Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	2,670,348	4,448,616
State and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	822,509	1,819,658
Other securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	254,435	480,330
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held for sale	12,759	36,356
Derivative asset	149,637	25,852
Derivative liability	(39,119)	(15,443)
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. Treasury
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	2,191	300
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | U.S. Government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	188,060	364,641
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	2,670,348	4,448,616
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | State and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	822,509	1,819,658
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	254,435	480,330
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held for sale	0	0
Derivative asset	0	0
Derivative liability	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | U.S. Treasury
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	2,191	300
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | U.S. Government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | State and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Other securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held for sale	0	0
Derivative asset	149,637	25,852
Derivative liability	(39,119)	(15,443)
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | U.S. Treasury
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | U.S. Government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	188,060	364,641
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	2,670,348	4,448,616
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | State and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	822,509	1,819,658
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Other securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	254,435	480,330
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Mortgage loans held for sale	12,759	36,356
Derivative asset	0	0
Derivative liability	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | U.S. Treasury
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | U.S. Government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Mortgage-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | State and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Other securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Available-for-sale securities	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value of Financial Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Collateral Pledged
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Impaired loan, related allowance	$ 10,783	$ 4,214
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans (collateral-dependent)	77,070	47,089
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	2,897	4,875
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans (collateral-dependent)	0	0
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	0	0
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans (collateral-dependent)	0	0
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	0	0
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Individually assessed loans (collateral-dependent)	77,070	47,089
Foreclosed assets and other real estate owned	$ 2,897	$ 4,875

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Estimated Fair Values and Related Carrying Amounts of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Held-to-maturity securities, net	$ 2,984,040	$ 1,517,378
Carrying Amount
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	679,410	1,650,653
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	1,290	1,882
Held-to-maturity securities, net	3,787,076	1,529,221
Interest receivable	86,637	72,990
Loans and other loans held for sale, net	15,411,838	11,807,171
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	168,513	185,403
Other borrowings	964,772	1,337,973
Subordinated notes and debentures	365,951	384,131
Interest payable	13,077	6,759
Carrying Amount | Noninterest bearing transaction accounts
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	6,218,283	5,325,318
Carrying Amount | Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	12,103,994	11,588,770
Carrying Amount | Time deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	3,826,415	2,452,460
Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	679,410	1,650,653
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	1,290	1,882
Held-to-maturity securities, net	2,984,040	1,517,378
Interest receivable	86,637	72,990
Loans and other loans held for sale, net	14,967,078	11,922,735
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	168,513	185,403
Other borrowings	961,666	1,393,711
Subordinated notes and debentures	362,823	394,464
Interest payable	13,077	6,759
Fair Value Measurements | Noninterest bearing transaction accounts
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	6,218,283	5,325,318
Fair Value Measurements | Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	12,103,994	11,588,770
Fair Value Measurements | Time deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	3,761,408	2,451,055
Fair Value Measurements | Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	679,410	1,650,653
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	0	0
Held-to-maturity securities, net	0	0
Interest receivable	0	0
Loans and other loans held for sale, net	0	0
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	0	0
Other borrowings	0	0
Subordinated notes and debentures	0	0
Interest payable	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 1 | Noninterest bearing transaction accounts
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 1 | Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 1 | Time deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	1,290	1,882
Held-to-maturity securities, net	2,984,040	1,517,378
Interest receivable	86,637	72,990
Loans and other loans held for sale, net	0	0
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	168,513	185,403
Other borrowings	961,666	1,393,711
Subordinated notes and debentures	362,823	394,464
Interest payable	13,077	6,759
Fair Value Measurements | Level 2 | Noninterest bearing transaction accounts
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	6,218,283	5,325,318
Fair Value Measurements | Level 2 | Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	12,103,994	11,588,770
Fair Value Measurements | Level 2 | Time deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Interest bearing balances due from banks - time	0	0
Held-to-maturity securities, net	0	0
Interest receivable	0	0
Loans and other loans held for sale, net	14,967,078	11,922,735
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	0	0
Other borrowings	0	0
Subordinated notes and debentures	0	0
Interest payable	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 3 | Noninterest bearing transaction accounts
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 3 | Interest bearing transaction accounts and savings deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	0	0
Fair Value Measurements | Level 3 | Time deposits
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Deposits	$ 3,761,408	$ 2,451,055

XML

Derivative Instruments - Textual (Details)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Maximum notional contract amount as percent of total assets	10.00%
Risk Participation Agreements
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative, notional amount	$ 15,600,000
Energy Related Derivative
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets, notional amount	6,400,000
Derivative liability, notional amount	6,400,000
Derivative, net fair value	$ 82,400

XML

Derivative Instruments - Notional and Fair Value Amounts of Derivative Instruments (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets	$ 716,275	$ 1,063,173
Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets	$ 110,469,000	10,524,000
Fair Value Hedging
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets, weighted average pay rate	1.21%
Derivative assets, notional amount	$ 999,700,000	1,001,715,000
Derivative assets, fair value	110,469,000	10,524,000
Interest Rate Swap
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets, notional amount	431,588,000	318,428,000
Derivative assets, fair value	39,168,000	15,328,000
Derivative liability, notional amount	432,582,000	321,985,000
Derivative liabilities, fair value	$ 39,119,000	$ 15,443,000