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Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2014
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block]
NOTE 4:
LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

At June 30, 2014, the Company’s loan portfolio was $2.39 billion, compared to $2.40 billion at December 31, 2013.  The various categories of loans are summarized as follows:

(In thousands)
 
June 30,
 2014
   
December 31,
 2013
 
             
Consumer:
           
Credit cards
 
$
176,239
   
$
184,935
 
Student loans
   
398
     
25,906
 
Other consumer
   
105,998
     
98,851
 
Total consumer
   
282,635
     
309,692
 
Real Estate:
               
Construction
   
163,412
     
146,458
 
Single family residential
   
417,187
     
392,285
 
Other commercial
   
653,734
     
626,333
 
Total real estate
   
1,234,333
     
1,165,076
 
Commercial:
               
Commercial
   
233,510
     
164,329
 
Agricultural
   
111,567
     
98,886
 
Total commercial
   
345,077
     
263,215
 
Other
   
6,797
     
4,655
 
Loans
   
1,868,842
     
1,742,638
 
Loans acquired, not covered by FDIC loss share (net of discount)
   
398,967
     
515,644
 
Loans acquired, covered by FDIC loss share (net of discount)
   
121,524
     
146,653
 
Total loans before allowance for loan losses
 
$
2,389,333
   
$
2,404,935
 

Loan Origination/Risk Management – The Company seeks to manage its credit risk by diversifying its loan portfolio, determining that borrowers have adequate sources of cash flow for loan repayment without liquidation of collateral; obtaining and monitoring collateral; providing an adequate allowance for loans losses by regularly reviewing loans through the internal loan review process.  The loan portfolio is diversified by borrower, purpose and industry.  The Company seeks to use diversification within the loan portfolio to reduce its credit risk, thereby minimizing the adverse impact on the portfolio, if weaknesses develop in either the economy or a particular segment of borrowers.  Collateral requirements are based on credit assessments of borrowers and may be used to recover the debt in case of default.  Furthermore, factors that influenced the Company’s judgment regarding the allowance for loan losses consists of a three-year historical loss average segregated by each primary loan sector.  On an annual basis, historical loss rates are calculated for each sector.

Consumer – The consumer loan portfolio consists of credit card loans, student loans and other consumer loans.  The Company no longer originates student loans, and the current portfolio is guaranteed by the Department of Education at 97% of principal and interest.  Credit card loans are diversified by geographic region to reduce credit risk and minimize any adverse impact on the portfolio. Although they are regularly reviewed to facilitate the identification and monitoring of creditworthiness, credit card loans are unsecured loans, making them more susceptible to be impacted by economic downturns resulting in increasing unemployment.  Other consumer loans include direct and indirect installment loans and overdrafts.  Loans in this portfolio segment are sensitive to unemployment and other key consumer economic measures.

Real estate – The real estate loan portfolio consists of construction loans, single family residential loans and commercial loans.  Construction and development loans (“C&D”) and commercial real estate loans (“CRE”) can be particularly sensitive to valuation of real estate.  Commercial real estate cycles are inevitable.  The long planning and production process for new properties and rapid shifts in business conditions and employment create an inherent tension between supply and demand for commercial properties.  While general economic trends often move individual markets in the same direction over time, the timing and magnitude of changes are determined by other forces unique to each market.  CRE cycles tend to be local in nature and longer than other credit cycles.  Factors influencing the CRE market are traditionally different from those affecting residential real estate markets; thereby making predictions for one market based on the other difficult.  Additionally, submarkets within commercial real estate – such as office, industrial, apartment, retail and hotel – also experience different cycles, providing an opportunity to lower the overall risk through diversification across types of CRE loans.  Management realizes that local demand and supply conditions will also mean that different geographic areas will experience cycles of different amplitude and length.  The Company monitors these loans closely and has no significant concentrations in its real estate loan portfolio.

Commercial – The commercial loan portfolio includes commercial and agricultural loans, representing loans to commercial customers and farmers for use in normal business or farming operations to finance working capital needs, equipment purchase or other expansion projects.  Collection risk in this portfolio is driven by the creditworthiness of the underlying borrowers, particularly cash flow from customers’ business or farming operations.  The Company continues its efforts to keep loan terms short, reducing the potential negative impact of upward movement in interest rates.  Term loans are generally set up with a one or three year balloon, and the Company has recently instituted a pricing mechanism for commercial loans.  It is standard practice to require personal guaranties on all commercial loans, particularly as they relate to closely-held or limited liability entities.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans – Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of 30 days from the date such payments were due.  Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions.  Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due.  When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due.  Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Nonaccrual loans, excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans, are as follows:

 (In thousands)
 
June 30,
 2014
   
December 31,
 2013
 
             
Consumer:
           
Credit cards
 
$
226
   
$
290
 
Other consumer
   
650
     
677
 
Total consumer
   
876
     
967
 
Real estate:
               
Construction
   
905
     
116
 
Single family residential
   
3,792
     
2,957
 
Other commercial
   
3,470
     
1,726
 
Total real estate
   
8,167
     
4,799
 
Commercial:
               
Commercial
   
676
     
378
 
Agricultural
   
434
     
117
 
Total commercial
   
1,110
     
495
 
Total
 
$
10,153
   
$
6,261
 

An age analysis of past due loans, excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans, is as follows:

(In thousands)
 
Gross
30-89 Days
Past Due
   
90 Days
or More
Past Due
   
Total
Past Due
   
Current
   
Total
Loans
   
90 Days
Past Due &
Accruing
 
                                     
June 30, 2014
                                   
Consumer:
                                   
Credit cards
 
$
660
   
$
424
   
$
1,084
   
$
175,155
   
$
176,239
   
$
197
 
Student loans
   
--
     
323
     
323
     
75
     
398
     
323
 
Other consumer
   
1,097
     
426
     
1,523
     
104,472
     
105,998
     
102
 
Total consumer
   
1,757
     
1,173
     
2,930
     
279,705
     
282,635
     
622
 
Real estate:
                                               
Construction
   
453
     
28
     
481
     
162,931
     
163,412
     
--
 
Single family residential
   
1,360
     
642
     
2,002
     
415,185
     
417,187
     
172
 
Other commercial
   
725
     
1,063
     
1,788
     
651,946
     
653,734
     
--
 
Total real estate
   
2,538
     
1,733
     
4,271
     
1,230,062
     
1,234,333
     
172
 
Commercial:
                                               
Commercial
   
573
     
496
     
1,069
     
232,441
     
233,510
     
49
 
Agricultural
   
423
     
507
     
930
     
110,637
     
111,567
     
237
 
Total commercial
   
996
     
1,003
     
1,999
     
343,078
     
345,077
     
286
 
Other
   
--
     
--
     
--
     
6,797
     
6,797
     
--
 
Total
 
$
5,291
   
$
3,909
   
$
9,200
   
$
1,859,642
   
$
1,868,842
   
$
1,080
 
                                                 
December 31, 2013
                                               
Consumer:
                                               
Credit cards
 
$
712
   
$
520
   
$
1,232
   
$
183,703
   
$
184,935
   
$
230
 
Student loans
   
627
     
2,264
     
2,891
     
23,015
     
25,906
     
2,264
 
Other consumer
   
911
     
458
     
1,369
     
97,482
     
98,851
     
185
 
Total consumer
   
2,250
     
3,242
     
5,492
     
304,200
     
309,692
     
2,679
 
Real estate:
                                               
Construction
   
583
     
30
     
613
     
145,845
     
146,458
     
--
 
Single family residential
   
2,793
     
1,114
     
3,907
     
388,378
     
392,285
     
94
 
Other commercial
   
1,019
     
1,533
     
2,552
     
623,781
     
626,333
     
82
 
Total real estate
   
4,395
     
2,677
     
7,072
     
1,158,004
     
1,165,076
     
176
 
Commercial:
                                               
Commercial
   
357
     
376
     
733
     
163,596
     
164,329
     
96
 
Agricultural
   
42
     
37
     
79
     
98,807
     
98,886
     
--
 
Total commercial
   
399
     
413
     
812
     
262,403
     
263,215
     
96
 
Other
   
--
     
--
     
--
     
4,655
     
4,655
     
--
 
Total
 
$
7,044
   
$
6,332
   
$
13,376
   
$
1,729,262
   
$
1,742,638
   
$
2,951
 

Impaired Loans – A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not receive all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loans, including scheduled principal and interest payments.  This includes loans that are delinquent 90 days or more, nonaccrual loans and certain other loans identified by management.  Certain other loans identified by management consist of performing loans with specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses. Impaired loans are carried at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature and on an individual loan basis for other loans.  Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged-off when deemed uncollectible.

Impaired loans, net of government guarantees and excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans, are as follows:

(In thousands)
 
Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
 Balance
   
Recorded
Investment
 With No
Allowance
   
Recorded
Investment
 With
Allowance
   
Total
 Recorded
Investment
   
Related
Allowance
   
Average
Investment
in Impaired
 Loans
   
Interest
 Income
Recognized
   
Average
Investment in
 Impaired
 Loans
   
Interest
 Income
Recognized
 
June 30, 2014
                               
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2014
   
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2014
 
Consumer:
                                                     
Credit cards
  $ 423     $ 424     $ --     $ 424     $ 13     $ 446     $ 4     $ 470     $ 9  
Other consumer
    771       706       41       747       166       778       7       823       16  
Total consumer
    1,194       1,130       41       1,171       179       1,224       11       1,293       25  
Real estate:
                                                                       
Construction
    2,929       2,825       60       2,885       76       2,840       24       2,962       58  
Single family residential
    4,683       3,387       1,108       4,495       973       4,254       36       4,153       81  
Other commercial
    9,392       7,875       1,303       9,178       648       9,562       80       9,437       185  
Total real estate
    17,004       14,087       2,471       16,558       1,697       16,656       140       16,552       324  
Commercial:
                                                                       
Commercial
    869       714       1       715       121       765       6       664       13  
Agricultural
    329       112       --       112       15       98       1       92       2  
Total commercial
    1,198       826       1       827       136       863       7       756       15  
Total
  $ 19,396     $ 16,043     $ 2,513     $ 18,556     $ 2,012     $ 18,743     $ 158     $ 18,601     $ 364  

December 31, 2013
                                         
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2013
   
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2013
 
Consumer:
                                                                       
Credit cards
  $ 520     $ 520     $ --     $ 520     $ 16     $ 501     $ $3     $ 516     $ 8  
Other consumer
    925       878       32       910       171       1,026       10       1,061       22  
Total consumer
    1,445       1,398       32       1,430       187       1,527       13       1,577       30  
Real estate:
                                                                       
Construction
    3,251       2,036       1,171       3,207       371       3,350       34       4,020       84  
Single family residential
    4,497       2,306       1,645       3,951       745       3,744       37       3,835       80  
Other commercial
    10,328       6,868       2,319       9,187       564       11,826       118       14,212       295  
Total real estate
    18,076       11,210       5,135       16,345       1,680       18,920       189       22,067       459  
Commercial:
                                                                       
Commercial
    547       383       78       461       80       664       7       669       14  
Agricultural
    117       80       --       80       13       90       1       90       2  
Total commercial
    664       463       78       541       93       754       8       759       16  
Total
  $ 20,185     $ 13,071     $ 5,245     $ 18,316     $ 1,960     $ 21,201     $ $210     $ 24,403     $ 505  

At June 30, 2014, and December 31, 2013, impaired loans, net of government guarantees and excluding loans acquired, totaled $18.6 million and $18.3 million, respectively.  Allocations of the allowance for loan losses relative to impaired loans were $2.0 million at June 30, 2014, and $2.0 million at December 31, 2013.  Approximately $158,000 and $364,000 of interest income was recognized on average impaired loans of $18.7 million and $18.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014.  Interest income recognized on impaired loans on a cash basis during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 was not material.

Included in certain impaired loan categories are troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”).  When the Company restructures a loan to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty and grants a concession that it would not otherwise consider, a “troubled debt restructuring” results and the Company classifies the loan as a TDR.  The Company grants various types of concessions, primarily interest rate reduction and/or payment modifications or extensions, with an occasional forgiveness of principal.

Under ASC Topic 310-10-35 – Subsequent Measurement, a TDR is considered to be impaired, and an impairment analysis must be performed.  The Company assesses the exposure for each modification, either by collateral discounting or by calculation of the present value of future cash flows, and determines if a specific allocation to the allowance for loan losses is required.

Once an obligation has been restructured because of such credit problems, it continues to be considered a TDR until paid in full; or, if an obligation yields a market interest rate and no longer has any concession regarding payment amount or amortization, then it is not considered a TDR at the beginning of the calendar year after the year in which the improvement takes place.  The Company returns TDRs to accrual status only if (1) all contractual amounts due can reasonably be expected to be repaid within a prudent period, and (2) repayment has been in accordance with the contract for a sustained period, typically at least six months.

The following table presents a summary of troubled debt restructurings, excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans.

   
Accruing TDR Loans
   
Nonaccrual TDR Loans
   
Total TDR Loans
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Number
   
Balance
   
Number
   
Balance
   
Number
   
Balance
 
                                     
June 30, 2014
                                   
Real estate:
                                   
Construction
   
--
   
 $
--
     
1
   
 $
499
     
1
   
499
 
Single-family residential
   
2
     
395
     
1
     
2
     
3
     
397
 
Other commercial
   
3
     
1,782
     
1
     
630
     
4
     
2,412
 
Total real estate
   
5
     
2,177
     
3
     
1,131
     
8
     
3,308
 
Commercial:
                                               
Commercial
   
1
     
599
     
--
     
--
     
1
     
599
 
Total commercial
   
1
     
599
     
--
     
--
     
1
     
599
 
Total
   
6
   
$
2,776
     
3
   
$
1,131
     
9
   
$
3,907
 
                                                 
December 31, 2013
                                               
Real estate:
                                               
Construction
   
1
   
 $
988
     
--
   
 $
--
     
1
   
 $
988
 
Single-family residential
   
4
     
862
     
--
     
--
     
4
     
862
 
Other commercial
   
9
     
6,974
     
1
     
608
     
10
     
7,582
 
Total real estate
   
14
     
8,824
     
1
     
608
     
15
     
9,432
 
Commercial:
                                               
Commercial
   
1
     
39
     
1
     
60
     
2
     
99
 
Agricultural
   
1
     
635
     
--
     
--
     
1
     
635
 
Total commercial
   
2
     
674
     
1
     
60
     
3
     
734
 
Total
   
16
   
$
9,498
     
2
   
$
668
     
18
   
$
10,166
 

The following table presents loans that were restructured as TDRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and during the six months ended June 30, 2013, excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans.

                     
Modification Type
       
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Number of
 Loans
   
Balance Prior
 to TDR
   
Balance at
 June 30
   
Change in
 Maturity
 Date
   
Change in
 Rate
   
Financial Impact
on Date of
 Restructure
 
                                     
Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
                                   
Commercial:
                                               
Commercial
   
1
   
$
599
   
$
599
   
$
599
   
$
--
   
$
--
 
Total commercial
   
1
     
599
     
599
     
599
     
--
     
--
 
Total
   
1
   
$
599
   
$
599
   
$
599
   
$
--
   
$
--
 
                                     
Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
                                   
Real estate:
                                               
Single-family residential
   
1
   
$
1,031
   
$
1,031
   
$
1,031
   
$
--
   
$
--
 
Total real estate
   
1
     
1,031
     
1,031
     
1,031
     
--
     
--
 
Commercial:
                                               
Commercial
   
1
     
599
     
599
     
--
     
--
     
--
 
Total commercial
   
1
     
599
     
599
     
--
     
--
     
--
 
Total
   
2
   
$
1,630
   
$
1,630
   
$
--
   
$
--
   
$
--
 
                                                 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
                                   
Real estate:
                                               
Single-family residential
   
1
   
$
321
   
$
318
   
$
--
   
$
318
   
$
--
 
Total real estate
   
1
     
321
     
318
     
--
     
318
     
--
 
Total
   
1
   
$
321
   
$
318
   
$
--
   
$
318
   
$
--
 

During the three months ended June 30, 2014, the Company modified one loan with a recorded investment of $599,000 prior to modification which was deemed troubled debt restructuring.  The restructured loan was modified by changing various terms, including changing the maturity date.  Based on the fair value of the collateral, no specific reserve was determined necessary for this loan.  Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of this loan, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.

During the six months ended June 30, 2014, the Company modified two loans with a total recorded investment of $1,630,000 prior to modification which were deemed troubled debt restructuring.  The restructured loans were modified by various terms, including changing the maturity date and deferring amortized principal payments.  Based on the fair value of the collateral, no specific reserve was determined necessary for these loans.  Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of these loans, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.

During the three months ended June 30, 2013, the Company did not modify any loans which were deemed troubled debt restructurings.  During the six months ended June 30, 2013, the Company modified one loan with a recorded investment of $321,000 prior to modification which was deemed troubled debt restructuring.  The restructured loan was modified by lowering of the interest rate.  Based on the fair value of the collateral, no specific reserve was determined necessary for this loan.  Also, there was no immediate financial impact from the restructuring of this loan, as it was not considered necessary to charge-off interest or principal on the date of restructure.

There were no loans for which a payment default occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, and that had been modified as a TDR within 12 months or less of the payment default, excluding loans acquired.  We define a payment default as a payment received more than 90 days after its due date.

Credit Quality Indicators – As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (i) the weighted-average risk rating of commercial and real estate loans, (ii) the level of classified commercial and real estate loans, (iii) net charge-offs, (iv) non-performing loans (see details above) and (v) the general economic conditions in the States of Arkansas, Kansas and Missouri.

The Company utilizes a risk rating matrix to assign a risk rate to each of its commercial and real estate loans. Loans are rated on a scale of 1 to 8.  A description of the general characteristics of the 8 risk ratings is as follows:

·
Risk Rate 1 – Pass (Excellent) – This category includes loans which are virtually free of credit risk.  Borrowers in this category represent the highest credit quality and greatest financial strength.

·
Risk Rate 2 – Pass (Good) - Loans under this category possess a nominal risk of default.  This category includes borrowers with strong financial strength and superior financial ratios and trends.  These loans are generally fully secured by cash or equivalents (other than those rated "excellent”).

·
Risk Rate 3 – Pass (Acceptable – Average) - Loans in this category are considered to possess a normal level of risk.  Borrowers in this category have satisfactory financial strength and adequate cash flow coverage to service debt requirements.  If secured, the perfected collateral should be of acceptable quality and within established borrowing parameters.

·
Risk Rate 4 – Pass (Monitor) - Loans in the Watch (Monitor) category exhibit an overall acceptable level of risk, but that risk may be increased by certain conditions, which represent "red flags".  These "red flags" require a higher level of supervision or monitoring than the normal "Pass" rated credit.  The borrower may be experiencing these conditions for the first time, or it may be recovering from weakness, which at one time justified a harsher rating.  These conditions may include: weaknesses in financial trends; marginal cash flow; one-time negative operating results; non-compliance with policy or borrowing agreements; poor diversity in operations; lack of adequate monitoring information or lender supervision; questionable management ability/stability.

·
Risk Rate 5 – Special Mention - A loan in this category has potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention.  If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution's credit position at some future date.  Special Mention loans are not adversely classified (although they are "criticized") and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.  Borrowers may be experiencing adverse operating trends, or an ill-proportioned balance sheet.  Non-financial characteristics of a Special Mention rating may include management problems, pending litigation, a non-existent, or ineffective loan agreement or other material structural weakness, and/or other significant deviation from prudent lending practices.

·
Risk Rate 6 – Substandard - A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any.  Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt.  The loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.  This does not imply ultimate loss of the principal, but may involve burdensome administrative expenses and the accompanying cost to carry the loan.

·
Risk Rate 7 – Doubtful – A loan classified Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard loan except that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full (on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values) highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful borrowers are usually in default, lack adequate liquidity, or capital, and lack the resources necessary to remain an operating entity.  The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of specific pending events that may strengthen the asset, its classification as loss is deferred.  Pending factors include: proposed merger or acquisition; liquidation procedures; capital injection; perfection of liens on additional collateral; and refinancing plans.  Loans classified as Doubtful are placed on nonaccrual status.

·
Risk Rate 8 – Loss - Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted.  This classification does not mean that the loans has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless loan, even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.  Borrowers in the Loss category are often in bankruptcy, have formally suspended debt repayments, or have otherwise ceased normal business operations.  Loans should be classified as Loss and charged-off in the period in which they become uncollectible.

Loans acquired, including loans covered by FDIC loss share agreements, are evaluated using this internal grading system.   Loans acquired through FDIC-assisted transactions are accounted for in pools, and all of the loan pools were considered satisfactory at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.  Loans acquired in the Metropolitan acquisition are evaluated individually and include purchased credit impaired loans of $23.4 million and $27.4 million that are classified as substandard at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.  Of the remaining loans acquired in the Metropolitan transaction, $23.5 million and $31.2 million were classified at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.  Loans acquired, covered by loss share agreements, have additional protection provided by the FDIC.  See Note 5, Loans Acquired, for further discussion of the acquired loans, loan pools and loss sharing agreements.

Purchased credit impaired loans are loans that showed evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts contractually owed.  Their fair value was initially based on the estimate of cash flows, both principal and interest, expected to be collected or estimated collateral values if cash flows are not estimable, discounted at prevailing market rates of interest.  The difference between the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition and the fair value at acquisition is recognized as interest income on a level-yield method over the life of the loan.  Contractually required payments for interest and principal that exceed the undiscounted cash flows expected at acquisition are not recognized as a yield adjustment.  Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the initial investment are recognized prospectively through adjustment of the yield on the loan over its remaining life.  Decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairment.

Classified loans for the Company include loans in Risk Ratings 6, 7 and 8.  Loans may be classified, but not considered impaired, due to one of the following reasons:  (1) The Company has established minimum dollar amount thresholds for loan impairment testing.  Loans rated 6 – 8 that fall under the threshold amount are not tested for impairment and therefore are not included in impaired loans.  (2) Of the loans that are above the threshold amount and tested for impairment, after testing, some are considered to not be impaired and are not included in impaired loans.  Total classified loans, excluding covered and non-covered  loans acquired in FDIC-assisted transactions, were $83.8 million and $94.5 million, as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

The following table presents a summary of loans by credit risk rating as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, segregated by class of loans.

(In thousands)
 
Risk Rate
 1-4
   
Risk Rate
 5
   
Risk Rate
 6
   
Risk Rate
 7
   
Risk Rate
 8
   
Total
 
                                     
June 30, 2014
                                   
Consumer:
                                   
Credit cards
 
$
175,772
   
$
--
   
$
467
   
$
--
   
$
--
   
$
176,239
 
Student loans
   
--
 
   
--
     
398
     
--
     
--
     
398
 
Other consumer
   
104,886
     
4
     
1,041
     
52
     
15
     
105,998
 
Total consumer
   
280,658
     
4
     
1,906
     
52
     
15
     
282,635
 
Real estate:
                                               
Construction
   
159,825
     
45
     
3,542
     
--
     
--
     
163,412
 
Single family residential
   
408,160
     
1,641
     
7,386
     
--
     
--
     
417,187
 
Other commercial
   
629,094
     
4,511
     
20,129
     
--
     
--
     
653,734
 
Total real estate
   
1,197,079
     
6,197
     
31,057
     
--
     
--
     
1,234,333
 
Commercial:
                                               
Commercial
   
227,909
     
2,077
     
3,514
     
10
     
--
     
233,510
 
Agricultural
   
111,242
     
--
     
325
     
--
     
--
     
111,567
 
Total commercial
   
339,151
     
2,077
     
3,839
     
10
     
--
     
345,077
 
Other
   
6,797
     
--
     
--
     
--
     
--
     
6,797
 
Loans acquired, not covered by FDIC loss share
   
352,082
     
--
     
45,885
     
1,000
     
--
     
398,967
 
Loans acquired, covered by FDIC loss share
   
121,524
     
--
     
--
     
--
     
--
     
121,524
 
Total
 
$
2,297,291
   
$
8,278
   
$
82,687
   
$
1,062
   
$
15
   
$
2,389,333
 

(In thousands)
 
Risk Rate
 1-4
   
Risk Rate
 5
   
Risk Rate
 6
   
Risk Rate
 7
   
Risk Rate
 8
   
Total
 
                                     
December 31, 2013
                                   
Consumer:
                                   
Credit cards
 
$
184,415
   
$
--
   
$
520
   
$
--
   
$
--
   
$
184,935
 
Student loans
   
23,642
     
--
     
2,264
     
--
     
--
     
25,906
 
Other consumer
   
97,655
     
2
     
1,121
     
56
     
17
     
98,851
 
Total consumer
   
305,712
     
2
     
3,905
     
56
     
17
     
309,692
 
Real estate:
                                               
Construction
   
142,213
     
71
     
4,174
     
--
     
--
     
146,458
 
Single family residential
   
383,934
     
1,412
     
6,939
     
--
     
--
     
392,285
 
Other commercial
   
600,045
     
7,597
     
18,691
     
--
     
--
     
626,333
 
Total real estate
   
1,126,192
     
9,080
     
29,804
     
--
     
--
     
1,165,076
 
Commercial:
                                               
Commercial
   
162,118
     
200
     
2,001
     
10
     
--
     
164,329
 
Agricultural
   
98,761
     
--
     
125
     
--
     
--
     
98,886
 
Total commercial
   
260,879
     
200
     
2,126
     
10
     
--
     
263,215
 
Other
   
4,655
     
--
     
--
     
--
     
--
     
4,655
 
Loans acquired, not covered by FDIC loss share
   
457,097
     
--
     
58,547
     
--
     
--
     
515,644
 
Loans acquired, covered by FDIC loss share
   
146,653
     
--
     
--
     
--
     
--
     
146,653
 
Total
 
$
2,301,188
   
$
9,282
   
$
94,382
   
$
66
   
$
17
   
$
2,404,935
 

Net (charge-offs)/recoveries for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, excluding loans acquired, segregated by class of loans, were as follows:

   
Three Months Ended
 June 30,
   
Six Months Ended
 June 30,
 
(In thousands)
 
2014
   
2013
   
2014
   
2013
 
Consumer:
                       
Credit cards
 
$
(510
)
 
$
(539
)
 
$
(1,055
)
 
$
(1,212
)
Student loans
   
(20
)
   
(17
)
   
(29
)
   
(30
)
Other consumer
   
(273
)
   
(177
)
   
(291
)
   
(343
)
Total consumer
   
(803
)
   
(733
)
   
(1,375
)
   
(1,585
)
Real estate:
                               
Construction
   
(24
)
   
(7
)
   
(444
)
   
(119
)
Single-family residential
   
(47
)
   
(54
)
   
(358
)
   
(89
)
Other commercial
   
(11
)
   
(531
)
   
(7
)
   
(555
)
Total real estate
   
(82
)
   
(592
)
   
(809
)
   
(763
)
Commercial:
                               
Commercial
   
(170
)
   
(28
)
   
(220
)
   
(57
)
Agriculture
   
--
     
(18
)
   
(18
)
   
(32
)
Total commercial
   
(170
)
   
(46
)
   
(238
)
   
(89
)
Total
 
$
(1,055
)
 
$
(1,371
)
 
$
(2,422
)
 
$
(2,437
)

Allowance for Loan Losses – The allowance for loan losses is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of probable losses that have been incurred within the existing portfolio of loans.  The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio.  The Company’s allowance for loan loss methodology includes allowance allocations calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 310-10, Receivables, and allowance allocations calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 450-20, Loss Contingencies.  Accordingly, the methodology is based on the Company’s internal grading system, specific impairment analysis, qualitative and quantitative factors.

As mentioned above, allocations to the allowance for loan losses are categorized as either specific allocations or general allocations.

A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not receive all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan, including scheduled principal and interest payments.  For a collateral dependent loan, the Company’s evaluation process includes a valuation by appraisal or other collateral analysis.  This valuation is compared to the remaining outstanding principal balance of the loan.  If a loss is determined to be probable, the loss is included in the allowance for loan losses as a specific allocation.  If the loan is not collateral dependent, the measurement of loss is based on the fair value of the difference between the expected and contractual future cash flows of the loan.

The general allocation is calculated monthly based on management’s assessment of several factors such as (1) historical loss experience based on loan volumes and types, (2) volume and trends in delinquencies and nonaccruals, (3) lending policies and procedures including those for loan losses, collections and recoveries, (4) national, state and local economic trends and conditions, (5) concentrations of credit within the loan portfolio, (6) the experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff and (7) other factors and trends that will affect specific loans and categories of loans.  The Company establishes general allocations for each major loan category.  This category also includes allocations to loans which are collectively evaluated for loss such as credit cards, one-to-four family owner occupied residential real estate loans and other consumer loans.

The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014.  Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

(In thousands)
 
Commercial
   
Real
Estate
   
Credit
Card
   
Other
Consumer
and Other
   
Total
 
                               
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2014
                             
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
3,508
   
$
16,393
   
$
5,444
   
$
1,638
   
$
26,983
 
Provision for loan losses
   
613
     
(142
)
   
576
     
555
     
1,602
 
Charge-offs
   
(186
)
   
(1,144
)
   
(725
)
   
(426
)
   
(2,481
)
Recoveries
   
16
     
1,062
     
215
     
133
     
1,426
 
Net charge-offs
   
(170
)
   
(82
)
   
(510
)
   
(293
)
   
(1,055
)
Balance, June 30, 2014
 
$
3,951
   
$
16,169
   
$
5,510
   
$
1,900
   
$
27,530
 
                               
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2014
                             
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
3,205
   
$
16,885
   
$
5,430
   
$
1,922
   
$
27,442
 
Provision for loan losses
   
984
     
93
     
1,135
     
298
     
2,510
 
Charge-offs
   
(268
)
   
(2,179
)
   
(1,541
)
   
(574
)
   
(4,562
Recoveries
   
30
     
1,370
     
486
     
254
     
2,140
 
Net charge-offs
   
(238
)
   
(809
)
   
(1,055
)
   
(320
)
   
(2,422
)
Balance, June 30, 2014
 
$
3,951
   
$
16,169
   
$
5,510
   
$
1900
   
$
27,530
 
                                         
Period-end amount allocated to:
                                       
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
136
   
$
1,697
   
$
13
   
$
166
   
$
2,012
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
   
3,815
     
14,472
     
5,497
     
1,734
     
25,518
 
Balance, June 30, 2014
 
$
3,951
   
$
16,169
   
$
5,510
   
$
1,900
   
$
27,530
 

Activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 was as follows:

(In thousands)
 
Commercial
   
Real
Estate
   
Credit
Card
   
Other
Consumer
and Other
   
Total
 
                               
 Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
                             
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
3,532
   
$
16,131
   
$
6,799
   
$
1,273
   
$
27,735
 
Provision for loan losses
   
233
     
(64
)
   
616
     
249
     
1,034
 
Charge-offs
   
(133
)
   
(887
)
   
(743
)
   
(310
)
   
(2,073
)
Recoveries
   
87
     
295
     
204
     
116
     
702
 
Net charge-offs
   
(46
)
   
(592
)
   
(539
)
   
(194
)
   
(1,371
)
Balance, June 30, 2013
 
$
3,719
   
$
15,475
   
$
6,876
   
$
1,328
   
$
27,398
 
                               
 Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
                             
Balance, beginning of period
 
$
3,446
   
$
15,453
   
$
7,211
   
$
1,772
   
$
27,882
 
Provision for loan losses
   
362
     
785
     
877
     
(71
)
   
1,953
 
Charge-offs
   
(229
)
   
(1,126
)
   
(1,652
)
   
(684
)
   
(3,691
)
Recoveries
   
140
     
363
     
440
     
311
     
1,254
 
Net charge-offs
   
(89
)
   
(763
)
   
(1,212
)
   
(373
)
   
(2,437
)
Balance, June 30, 2013
 
$
3,719
   
$
15,475
   
$
6,876
   
$
1,328
   
$
27,398
 
                                         
Period-end amount allocated to:
                                       
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
114
   
$
1,509
   
$
76
   
$
196
   
$
1,895
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
   
3,605
     
13,966
     
6,800
     
1,132
     
25,503
 
Balance, June 30, 2013
 
$
3,719
   
$
15,475
   
$
6,876
   
$
1,328
   
$
27,398
 
                                         
Period-end amount allocated to:
                                       
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
93
   
$
1,680
   
$
16
   
$
171
   
$
1,960
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
   
3,112
     
15,205
     
5,414
     
1,751
     
25,482
 
Balance, December 31, 2013
 
$
3,205
   
$
16,885
   
$
5,430
   
$
1,922
   
$
27,442
 

The Company’s recorded investment in loans, excluding loans acquired, related to each balance in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology was as follows:

(In thousands)
 
Commercial
   
Real
Estate
   
Credit
Card
   
Other
Consumer
and Other
   
Total
 
                               
June 30, 2014
                             
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
827
   
$
16,558
   
$
424
   
$
747
   
$
18,556
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
   
344,250
     
1,217,775
     
175,815
     
112,446
     
1,850,286
 
Balance, end of period
 
$
345,077
   
$
1,234,333
   
$
176,239
   
$
113,193
   
$
1,868,842
 
                                         
December 31, 2013
                                       
Loans individually evaluated for impairment
 
$
541
   
$
16,345
   
$
520
   
$
910
   
$
18,316
 
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment
   
262,674
     
1,148,731
     
184,415
     
128,502
     
1,724,322
 
Balance, end of period
 
$
263,215
   
$
1,165,076
   
$
184,935
   
$
129,412
   
$
1,742,638