The Company is exposed to various market risks including, but not limited to, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, changes in interest rates and price fluctuations of certain material commodities such as copper. Market risks for changes in interest rates relate primarily to its debt obligations under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Foreign currency exchange risks are attributable to sales to foreign customers and purchases from foreign suppliers not denominated in a location’s functional currency, foreign plant operations, intercompany indebtedness, intercompany investments and include exposures to the Euro, Mexican Peso, Canadian Dollar, Hungarian Forint, North Macedonian Denar, Ukrainian Hryvnia, Japanese Yen, Chinese Renminbi, Korean Won, Czech Koruna and Vietnamese Dong.

The Company regularly enters into derivative contracts with the objective of managing its financial and operational exposure arising from these risks by offsetting gains and losses on the underlying exposures with gains and losses on the financial instruments used to hedge them. The decision of whether and when to execute derivative financial instruments, along with the duration of the instrument, may vary from period to period depending on market conditions, the relative costs of the instruments and capacity to hedge. The duration is linked to the timing of the underlying exposure, with the connection between the two being regularly monitored. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. Some derivative contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting; for other derivative contracts, we elect to not apply hedge accounting.

The Company’s designated hedging relationships are formally documented at the inception of the hedge, and hedges must be highly effective in offsetting changes to future cash flows on hedged transactions both at the inception of a hedge and on an ongoing basis to be designated for hedge accounting treatment. For derivative contracts which can be classified as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the change in the fair value of the derivative is recorded to AOCI in the consolidated balance sheets. When the underlying hedge transaction is realized, the gain or loss included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss is recorded in earnings in the consolidated statements of income on the same line as the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk. The Company records the ineffective portion of foreign currency and copper commodity hedging instruments, if any, to cost of sales, in the consolidated statements of income. Cash flows associated with derivatives are reported in net cash provided by operating activities in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

The Company uses an income approach to value derivative instruments, analyzing quoted market prices to calculate the forward values and then discounting such forward values to the present value using benchmark rates at commonly quoted intervals for the instrument’s full term.

In the second quarter of 2022, the Company entered into a floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreement with a notional amount of $100,000. This interest rate swap is an undesignated hedge of the Company’s exposure to interest payment fluctuations on a portion of the Credit Facility borrowings that were drawn for the acquisitions of Alfmeier and Dacheng. The periodic changes in fair value are recognized in Interest expense, net.

In the second and third quarter of 2022, the Company entered into forward contracts with a notional amount of $128,319 to hedge the foreign currency risk associated with the forecasted purchase of Alfmeier. These contracts matured and were settled in the third quarter of 2022. During the year ended December 31, 2022 the Company recognized expense of $3,806 in Foreign currency (loss) gain within the consolidated income statement.

Information related to the recurring fair value measurement of derivative financial instruments in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 is as follows:


				Asset Derivatives			Liability Derivatives
	Fair Value Hierarchy	Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Net Asset/ (Liabilities)
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Foreign currency derivatives	Level 2	$	40,063	Other current assets	$	3,791	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	3,791
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Interest rate contracts	Level 2	$	100,000	Other current assets	$	2,772	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	2,772

Information related to the recurring fair value measurement of derivative financial instruments in the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 is as follows:


				Asset Derivatives			Liability Derivatives
	Fair Value Hierarchy	Notional Amount		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value		Net Asset/ (Liabilities)
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Foreign currency derivatives	Level 2	$	13,974	Other current assets	$	294	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	294
Commodity hedges	Level 2	$	309	Other current assets	$	6	Other current liabilities	$	—	$	6

Information related to the effect of derivative instruments in the consolidated statements of income is as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,
	Location	2022			2021			2020
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
Foreign currency derivatives	Cost of sales – income	$	1,458		$	1,609		$	(1,629	)
	Other comprehensive (loss) income		3,496			(1,217	)		272
	Foreign currency loss		—			—			(118	)
Total foreign currency derivatives		$	4,954		$	392		$	(1,475	)

Commodity derivatives	Cost of sales – income	$	19		$	14		$	—
	Other comprehensive (loss) income		(6	)		6			—
Total commodity derivatives		$	13		$	20		$	—

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign currency derivatives	Foreign currency (loss) gain	$	(3,806	)	$	-		$	-
Total foreign currency derivatives		$	(3,806	)	$	-		$	-

Interest rate contracts	Interest income (expense), net	$	2,772		$	-		$	-
Total interest rate derivatives		$	2,772		$	-		$	-

The Company did not incur any hedge ineffectiveness during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The Company sells certain customer trade receivables under factoring arrangements with designated financial institutions. All current factoring arrangements were assumed through the acquisition of Alfmeier. Beginning January 1, 2023, our North American factoring agreement is not active and the parties are currently undergoing negotiations in the ordinary course of business. Certain transactions occur under non-recourse agreements and are accounted for as sales, and the cash proceeds are included in cash provided by operating activities. The remaining transactions occur under deferred purchase agreements, in which a portion of the purchase price for the receivables is paid by the bank purchasers to the Company in cash upon sale. The remaining portion is recorded as a deferred purchase receivable, which is paid to the Company as payments on the receivables that are collected by the financial institution from account debtors. Cash proceeds received upon the sale of the receivables to the financial institution are included in cash provided by operating activities and the cash proceeds received on the deferred purchase receivables are included in cash provided by investing activities. All factoring arrangements incorporate customary representations, including representations as to validity of amounts due, completeness of performance obligations and absence of commercial disputes.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we sold trade receivables totaling $61,482 and incurred factoring fees of $180. As of December 31, 2022, receivables of $19,108 had been factored and had not yet been paid by customers to the respective financial institutions and our availability under the receivables factoring agreements was $5,479. The collective limit under our factoring arrangements as of December 31, 2022 was $24,142.