10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018

Commission File Number 0-21886

BARRETT BUSINESS SERVICES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland	52-0812977
(State or other jurisdiction of	(IRS Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
8100 NE Parkway Drive, Suite 200
Vancouver, Washington	98662
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(360) 828-0700

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant:  (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒	Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

State the aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant: $680,078,278 at June 30, 2018

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Class	Outstanding at March 1, 2019
Common Stock, Par Value $.01 Per Share	7,407,504 Shares

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are hereby incorporated by reference in Part III of Form 10-K.

BARRETT BUSINESS SERVICES, INC.

2018 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	PART I	Page
Item 1.	Business	2
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	9
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	17
Item 2.	Properties	17
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	18
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	18
	PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	18
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	20
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	30
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	30
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	30
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	30
Item 9B.	Other Information	33
	PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	33
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	33
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	33
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	33
Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services	33
	PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	34
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	34
Financial Statements		F - 2
Exhibit Index
Signatures

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PART I

Item 1. BUSINESS

General

Company Background

Barrett Business Services, Inc. (“BBSI,” the “Company,” “our” or “we”), is a leading provider of business management solutions for small and mid-sized companies. The Company has developed a management platform that integrates a knowledge-based approach from the management consulting industry with tools from the human resource outsourcing industry. This platform, through the effective leveraging of human capital, helps our business owner clients run their businesses more effectively. We believe this platform, delivered through a decentralized organizational structure, differentiates BBSI from our competitors. BBSI was incorporated in Maryland in 1965.

Certain statements below contain forward-looking information that is subject to risks and uncertainties. See “Forward-Looking Information” in Item 7 of Part II of this report and “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of this report.

Business Strategy

Our strategy is to align local operations teams with the mission of small and mid-sized business owners, driving value to their business. To do so, BBSI:

• partners with business owners to leverage their investment in human capital through a high-touch, results-oriented approach;

• brings predictability to each client organization through a three-tiered management platform; and

• enables business owners to focus on their core business by reducing organizational complexity and maximizing productivity.

Business Organization

We operate a decentralized delivery model using operationally-focused business teams, typically located within 50 miles of our client companies. These teams are led by senior level business generalists and comprise senior level professionals with expertise in human resources, organizational development, risk mitigation and workplace safety, and various types of administration, including payroll. These teams are responsible for growth of their operations, and for providing strategic leadership, guidance and expert consultation to our client companies. The decentralized structure fosters autonomous decision-making in which business teams deliver plans that closely align with the objectives of each business owner client. This structure also provides a means of incubating talent to support increased growth and capacity. We support clients with employees located in 25 states and the District of Columbia through a network of 62 branch locations in California, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Colorado, Idaho, Arizona, Maryland, North Carolina, Nevada, Delaware, Pennsylvania and Virginia. We also have several smaller recruiting locations in our general market areas, which are under the direction of a branch office.

BBSI believes that making significant investments in the best talent available allows us to leverage the value of this investment many times over. We motivate our management employees through a compensation package that includes a competitive base salary and the opportunity for profit sharing. At the branch level, profit sharing is in direct correlation to client performance, reinforcing a culture focused on achievement of client goals.

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Services Overview

BBSI’s core purpose is to advocate for business owners, particularly in the small and mid-sized business segment. Our evolution from an entrepreneurially run company to a professionally managed organization has helped to form our view that all businesses experience inflection points at key stages of growth. The insights gained through our own growth, along with the trends we see in working with more than 6,400 companies each day, define our approach to guiding business owners through the challenges associated with being an employer. BBSI’s business teams align with each business owner client through a structured three-tiered progression. In doing so, business teams focus on the objectives of each business owner and deliver planning, guidance and resources in support of those objectives.

Tier 1: Tactical Alignment

The first stage focuses on the mutual setting of expectations and is essential to a successful client relationship. It begins with a process of assessment and discovery in which the business owner’s business objectives, attitudes, and culture are aligned with BBSI’s processes, controls and culture. This stage includes an implementation process, which addresses the administrative components of employment.

Tier 2: Dynamic Relationship

The second stage of the relationship emphasizes organizational development as a means of achieving each client’s business objectives. There is a focus on process improvement, development of best practices, supervisor training and leadership development.

Tier 3: Strategic Counsel

With an emphasis on advocacy on behalf of the business owner, the third stage of the relationship is more strategic and forward-looking with a goal of cultivating an environment in which all efforts are directed by the mission and long-term objectives of the business owner.

In addition to serving as a resource and guide, BBSI has the ability to provide workers’ compensation coverage as a means of meeting statutory requirements and protecting our clients from employment-related injury claims. Through our third-party administrators, we provide claims management services for our clients. We work aggressively to manage and reduce job injury claims, identify fraudulent claims and structure optimal work programs, including modified duty.

Categories of Services

We report financial results in two categories of services: Professional Employer Services (“PEO”) and Staffing. See Item 7 of this Report for information regarding the percentages of total net revenues provided by our PEO and staffing services for each of the last three fiscal years, and our consolidated financial statements incorporated into Item 8 of Part II of this Report for information regarding revenues, net income and total assets in our single reportable segment.

PEO

We enter into a client services agreement to establish a co-employment relationship with each client company, assuming responsibility for payroll, payroll taxes, workers’ compensation coverage (if elected) and certain other administrative functions for the client’s existing workforce. The client maintains physical care, custody and control of their workforce, including the authority to hire and terminate employees. During 2018, we supported in excess of 6,400 PEO clients with approximately 195,000 employees. This compares to more than 5,600 PEO clients and approximately 188,000 employees during 2017.

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Staffing and Recruiting

Our staffing services include on-demand or short-term staffing assignments, contract staffing, direct placement, and long-term or indefinite-term on-site management. On-site management employees are BBSI management employees who are based on the client-site and whose jobs are to assist BBSI staffing employees. Our recruiting experts maintain a deep network of professionals from which we source candidates. Through an assessment process, we gain an understanding of the short and long-term needs of our clients, allowing us to identify and source the right talent for each position. We then conduct a rigorous screening process to help ensure a successful hire.

Clients and Client Contracts

Our business is typically characterized by long-term relationships that result in recurring revenue. The terms and conditions applicable to our client relationships are set forth in a client services agreement, which typically provides for an initial term of one year with renewal for additional one-year periods, but generally permits cancellation by either party upon 30 days’ written notice. In addition, we may terminate the agreement at any time for specified breach of contract, including nonpayment or failure to follow our workplace safety recommendations.

The client services agreement also provides for indemnification by the client against losses arising out of any default by the client under the agreement, including failure to comply with any employment-related, health and safety, or immigration laws or regulations. Our client service agreement requires that clients enter into a co-employment arrangement and maintain comprehensive liability coverage in the amount of $1.0 million for acts of their employees. It is nevertheless possible that claims not satisfied through indemnification or insurance may be asserted against us, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

We have client services agreements with a diverse array of customers, including electronics manufacturers, various light-manufacturing industries, agriculture-based companies, transportation and shipping enterprises, food processors, telecommunications companies, public utilities, general contractors in various construction-related fields, and professional services firms. None of our clients individually represented more than 1% of our total revenues in 2018.

Market Opportunity

As a company that aligns with the mission of business owners by providing resources and guidance to small and mid-size businesses, BBSI believes its growth is driven by the desire of business owners to focus on mission-critical functions, reduce complexity associated with the employment function, mitigate costs and maximize their investment in human capital. Our integrated management platform has enabled us to capitalize on these needs within the small to mid-size business sector.

The small and mid‑sized business segment is particularly attractive because:

• it is large, continues to offer significant growth opportunity and remains underserved by professional services companies;

• it typically has fewer in-house resources than larger businesses and, as a result, is generally more dependent on external resources;

• we generally experience a relatively high client retention rate and lower client acquisition costs within this market segment; and

• we have found that small to mid-sized businesses are responsive to quality of service when selecting a PEO or staffing services provider.

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Competition

The business environment in which we operate is characterized by intense competition and fragmentation. BBSI is not aware of reliable statistics regarding the number of its competitors, but certain large, well-known companies typically compete with us in the same markets and also have greater financial and marketing resources than we do, including Automatic Data Processing, Inc., ManpowerGroup, Inc., Kelly Services, Inc., Insperity, Inc., TriNet Group, Inc., Robert Half International Inc. and Paychex, Inc. We face additional competition from regional providers and we may in the future also face competition from new entrants to the field, including other staffing services companies, payroll processing companies and insurance companies. The principal competitive factors in the business environment in which we operate are price and level of service.

We believe that our growth is attributable to our ability to provide small and mid-sized companies with the resources and knowledge base of a large employer delivered through a local operations team. Our level of integration with each client business provides us an additional competitive advantage.

Growth Strategy

We believe our clients are our best advocates and powerful drivers of referral-based growth. In each market, operations teams provide expertise, consultation and support to our clients, driving growth and supporting retention. We anticipate that by adding business teams to existing branches, we can achieve incremental growth in those markets, driven by our reputation and by client referrals. While in most markets business development efforts are led by area managers, in some markets our sales efforts are further supported by business development managers.

Our business growth has three primary sources: referrals from existing clients, direct business-to-business sales efforts by our area managers and an extensive referral network. Partners in our referral network include insurance brokers, financial advisors, attorneys, CPA’s, and other business professionals who can facilitate an introduction to prospective clients. These referral partners facilitate introductions to business owners on our behalf, typically in exchange for a fee equal to a small percentage of payroll.

We see two key drivers to our growth:

• Increase market share in existing markets. We seek to support, strengthen and expand branch office operations through the ongoing development of business teams. We believe that strengthening and expanding the operations of each location is an efficient and effective means of increasing market share in the geographic areas in which we do business, and that our business teams serve a dual purpose: 1) Delivering high-quality service to our clients, thereby supporting client business growth and retention, and driving client referrals, and 2) Incubating talent at the branch level to support expansion into new markets.

• Penetrate new markets. We intend to open additional branch offices in new geographic markets as opportunities arise. We have developed a strategic approach to geographic expansion, which will serve as a guide for determining if and when to enter new markets. We believe our decentralized organizational model built on teams of senior-level professionals allows us to incubate talent to support our expansion efforts.

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Workers’ Compensation

Through our client services agreement, BBSI has the ability to provide workers’ compensation coverage to its clients. We provide this coverage through a variety of methods, all of which are subject to rigorous underwriting to assess financial stability, risk factors and cultural alignment related to safety and the client’s desire to improve their operations. In providing this coverage, we are responsible for complying with applicable statutory requirements for workers' compensation coverage.

Risk mitigation is also an important contributor to our principal goal of helping business owners operate their business more efficiently. It is in the mutual interests of the client and BBSI to commit to workplace safety and risk mitigation. We maintain clear guidelines for our area managers and risk management consultants, directly tying their continued employment to their diligence in understanding and addressing the risks of accident or injury associated with the industries in which client companies operate and in monitoring clients’ compliance with workplace safety requirements.

Elements of Workers' Compensation System

State law (and for certain types of employees, federal law) generally mandates that an employer reimburse its employees for the costs of medical care and other specified benefits for injuries or illnesses, including catastrophic injuries and fatalities, incurred in the course and scope of employment. Most states require employers to maintain workers' compensation insurance or otherwise demonstrate financial responsibility to meet workers' compensation obligations to employees. The benefits payable for various categories of claims are determined by state regulation and vary with the severity and nature of the injury or illness and other specified factors. In return for this guaranteed protection, workers' compensation is an exclusive remedy and employees are generally precluded from seeking other damages from their employer for workplace injuries. In many states, employers who meet certain financial and other requirements are permitted to self-insure.

Insurance Coverage for Workers' Compensation

The Company is a self-insured employer with respect to workers' compensation coverage for all of its employees (including employees co-employed through our client service agreements) working in Colorado, Maryland and Oregon. In the state of Washington, state law allows only the Company's staffing services and internal management employees to be covered under the Company's self-insured workers' compensation program.

The Company obtains policies from Chubb for all clients in California, Delaware, Virginia, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, New Jersey, West Virginia, Idaho, Nevada and the District of Columbia. The arrangement with Chubb, known as a fronted program, provides BBSI a licensed, admitted insurance carrier to issue policies on behalf of BBSI. The risk of loss up to the first $5.0 million per occurrence is retained by BBSI through various agreements. Chubb assumes credit risk should BBSI be unable to satisfy its indemnification obligations.

The Company’s wholly owned, fully licensed captive insurance company incorporated in Arizona, Associated Insurance Company for Excess (“AICE”), provides reinsurance coverage up to $5.0 million per occurrence, except in Maryland and Colorado, where our retention per occurrence is $1.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively. The Company maintains excess workers’ compensation insurance coverage with Chubb between $5.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence, except in Maryland, where coverage with Chubb is between $1.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence, and in Colorado, where the coverage with Chubb is between $2.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence.

The Company also operates a wholly owned, fully licensed insurance company, Ecole, which provides workers’ compensation coverage to the Company’s employees working in Arizona and Utah. The Company maintains additional reinsurance coverage for Ecole with Chubb Limited (“Chubb”), for losses above $5.0 million per occurrence.

TheCompany restructured its fronted program with Chubb effective July 1, 2018. The new agreement maintains retention levels of $5.0 million per occurrence but now requires that collateral be advanced at the inception of the policy term. To partially satisfy these additional collateral requirements, the Company provided a surety bond of $30.0 million and a letter of credit of $63.7 million from its principal bank, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (the “Bank”).

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Overall, this approach results in a per occurrence retention on a consolidated basis of $5.0 million for most claims. In light of the per occurrence retention, we may experiencesignificant workers' compensation costs from catastrophic claims, should they occur.

Claims Management

As a result of our status as a self-insured employer in four states and our retention arrangements, our workers' compensation expense is tied directly to the incidence and severity of covered workplace injuries. We seek to contain our workers' compensation costs through an aggressive approach to claims management. We use managed-care systems to reduce medical costs and keep time-loss costs to a minimum by assigning injured workers, whenever possible, to short-term assignments which accommodate the workers' physical limitations. We believe that these assignments minimize both time actually lost from work and covered time-loss costs. We engage third-party claims administrators ("TPAs") to provide the primary claims management expertise. Typical claims management procedures include performing thorough and prompt on-site investigations of claims filed by employees, working with physicians to encourage efficient medical management of cases, denying questionable claims and attempting to negotiate early settlements to eliminate future adverse development of claims costs. We also maintain a corporate-wide pre-employment drug screening program and a post-injury drug test program. We believe our claims management program has resulted in a reduction in the frequency of fraudulent claims and in accidents in which the use of illicit drugs appears to have been a contributing factor.

Employees and Employee Benefits

At December 31, 2018, we had 122,958 total employees, including 115,188 employees under our client service agreements, 7,019 staffing services employees, 746 managerial, sales and administrative employees (together, “management employees”), and 5 executive officers. The number of employees at any given time may vary significantly due to business conditions at customer or client companies. We believe our employee relations are good.

We offer various qualified employee benefit plans to our employees, including those employees for whom we are the administrative employer in a co-employment arrangement who so elect. Employees covered under a PEO arrangement may participate in our 401(k) plan at the sole discretion of the PEO client. Our qualified staffing and management employee benefit plans include our 401(k) plan, in which employees may enroll upon reaching 21 years of age and completing 1,000 hours of service in a 12 consecutive month period. We make matching contributions to the 401(k) plan under a safe harbor provision, which are immediately 100% vested. We match 100% of contributions by management and staffing employees up to 3% of each participating employee's annual compensation and 50% of the employee's contributions up to an additional 2% of annual compensation. We may also make discretionary contributions to the 401(k) plan, which vest over six years and are subject to certain legal limits, at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors.

We also offer a cafeteria plan under Section 125 of the Internal Revenue Code and group health, life insurance and disability insurance plans to qualified staffing and management employees. Generally, qualified employee benefit plans are subject to provisions of both the Internal Revenue Code and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA"). In order to qualify for favorable tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code, qualified plans must be established and maintained by an employer for the exclusive benefit of its employees.

Certain highly compensated employees of the Company are allowed to participate in a nonqualified deferred compensation plan. Under the plan, participants are permitted to defer receipt for income tax purposes of up to 90% of salary and up to 100% of any incentive bonus. Participants earn a return on their deferred compensation based on investment earnings of participant-selected investments. As an incentive to participate in the plan, the Company awards restricted stock units with a value equal to 35% of the amount deferred under the plan, up to a maximum of $75,000 per year. The restricted stock units vest in full on the fifth anniversary of the grant date, contingent on the continued employment of the participant.

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The Company established a Rabbi trust under which compensation deferred by participants is deposited and held separately from the Company's other assets, subject to the claims of the Company's creditors in the event of its bankruptcy or insolvency.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “Acts”) subject us to potential penalties unless we offer to our employees minimum essential healthcare coverage that is affordable. Because each PEO client is considered to be the sole employer in the application of any rule or law included within the scope of the Acts, we do not offer health care coverage to the employees of our PEO clients. However, in order to comply with the employer mandate provision of the Acts, we offer health care coverage to all eligible staffing employees and management employees eligible for coverage under the Acts.

Regulatory and Legislative Issues

We are subject to the laws and regulations of the jurisdictions within which we operate, including those governing self-insured employers under the workers' compensation systems in Oregon, Maryland, and Colorado, as well as in Washington for staffing and management employees. We are also subject to laws and regulations governing our two wholly owned insurance companies in Arizona. While the specific laws and regulations vary among these jurisdictions, they typically require some form of licensing and often have statutory requirements for workplace safety and notice of change in obligation of workers’ compensation coverage in the event of contract termination. Although compliance with these requirements imposes some additional financial risk, particularly with respect to those clients who breach their payment obligation to us, such compliance has not had a material adverse effect on our business to date.

Our operations are affected by numerous federal and state laws relating to labor, tax and employment matters. Through our client services agreement, we assume certain obligations and responsibilities as the administrative employer under federal and state laws. Since many of these federal and state laws were enacted prior to the development of nontraditional employment relationships, such as professional employer, temporary employment, and outsourcing arrangements, many of these laws do not specifically address the obligations and responsibilities of nontraditional employers. In addition, the definition of "employer" under these laws is not uniform.

As an employer, we are subject to all federal statutes and regulations governing our employer-employee relationships. Subject to the discussion of risk factors below, we believe that our operations are in compliance in all material respects with applicable federal statutes and regulations.

Additional Information

Our filings with the SEC, including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, periodic reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports, are accessible free of charge at our website at http://www.barrettbusiness.com as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with the SEC. By making this reference to our website, we do not intend to incorporate into this report any information contained in the website. The website should not be considered part of this report.

Materials that the Company files with the SEC may be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers with publicly traded securities, including the Company.

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Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to other information contained in this report, the following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating our business.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry

Our consolidated retention for workers' compensation claims is $5.0 million per occurrence under our insurance arrangement with Chubb in the majority of states in which we operate.

We maintain our consolidated retention at $5.0 million per occurrence, except in Maryland and Colorado where our retention is at $1.0 million and $2.0 million per occurrence, respectively, due to regulatory requirements. The Company maintains its excess workers’ compensation insurance coverage with Chubb through our AICE subsidiary. Additionally, Ecole’s retention is at $5.0 million per occurrence for coverage in Arizona and Utah. Thus, the Company has financial risk for most workers' compensation claims under $5.0 million on a per occurrence basis. This level of per occurrence retention may result in higher workers’ compensation costs to us with a corresponding negative effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Adverse developments in the market for excess workers' compensation insurance could lead to increases in our costs.

To manage our financial exposure in the event of catastrophic injuries or fatalities, we maintain excess workers' compensation insurance. Changes in the market for excess workers' compensation insurance may lead to limited availability of such coverage, additional increases in our insurance costs or further increases in the amount for which we retain financial risk, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our ability to continue our business operations under our present service model is dependent on maintaining workers' compensation insurance coverage.

Our arrangement with Chubb to provide workers’ compensation coverage to BBSI’s PEO clients in California, Delaware, Virginia, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, New Jersey, West Virginia, Idaho, Nevada and the District of Columbia extends through June 30, 2019, with the possibility of additional annual renewals. If Chubb is unwilling or unable to renew our arrangement in the future, we would need to seek alternative coverage. If replacement coverage were unavailable or available only on significantly less favorable terms, our business and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

Failure to manage the severity and frequency of workplace injuries will increase our workers’ compensation expenses.

Significant increases in the relative frequency or severity of workplace injuries due to failures to accurately assess potential risks or assure implementation of effective safety measures by our clients may result in increased workers’ compensation claims expenses, with a corresponding negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

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Our investment portfolio is subject to market and credit risks, which could adversely impact our financial condition or results of operations.

We seek to hold a diversified portfolio of high-quality investments that is managed by a professional investment advisory firm in accordance with our investment policy and routinely reviewed by management and approved by our risk management committee. However, our investments are subject to general economic conditions and market risks as well as risks inherent to particular securities, including credit, interest rate and liquidity risks. Our portfolio consists primarily of debt securities and is subject to the risk that certain investments may default or become impaired due to deterioration in the financial condition of one or more issuers of the securities. Although our investment strategy is designed to preserve our capital, we cannot be certain that our investment objectives will be achieved, and we could incur substantial realized and unrealized investment losses in future periods.

We may be unable to draw on our revolving credit facility in the future.

As discussed in more detail in “Note 6 - Revolving Credit Facility and Long-Term Debt” to the consolidated financial statements incorporated into Item 8 of Part II of this report, our Credit Agreement with our principal bank, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (the “Bank”), which expires July 1, 2020, provides for a revolving credit facility with a borrowing capacity of up to $28.0 million at December 31, 2018, to be used to finance working capital. There was no outstanding balance at that date. The Credit Agreement includes a standby letter of credit agreement providing for a sublimit of approximately $7.5 million in unsecured letters of credit, as well as a mortgage loan with a balance of approximately $4.2million secured by our company office building in Vancouver, Washington.

If our business does not perform as expected, including if we generate less revenue than anticipated from our operations or encounter significant unexpected costs, we may fail to comply with the financial covenants under our credit facilities. If we do not comply with our financial covenants and we do not obtain a waiver or amendment from the Bank, the Bank may elect to cause all amounts owed to become immediately due and payable or may decline to renew our credit facility. In that event, we would seek to establish a replacement credit facility with one or more other lenders, including lenders with which we have an existing relationship, potentially on less desirable terms. There can be no guarantee that replacement financing would be available at commercially reasonable terms, if at all.

Our business is subject to risks associated with geographic market concentration.

Our California operations accounted for approximately 79% of our total revenues in 2018. As a result of the current importance of our California operations and anticipated continued growth from these operations, our profitability over the next several years is expected to be largely dependent on economic and regulatory conditions in California. If California experiences an economic downturn, or if the regulatory environment changes in a way that adversely affects our ability to do business or limits our competitive advantages, our profitability and growth prospects may be materially adversely affected.

In order to continue to grow revenues, we are dependent on retaining current clients and attracting new clients.

The Company’s revenue growth can be volatile and is dependent on same customer sales and the addition of new clients. Revenues increased 2.2% in 2018 and 9.5% in 2017. There can be no assurance that we will continue to grow revenues at or near current rates of growth. Maintaining growth rates becomes increasingly difficult as the size of the Company increases. Efforts to achieve business growth intensifies pressure on retaining current clients and attracting increasing numbers of new clients.

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Economic conditions, particularly in California, may impact our ability to attract new clients and cause our existing clients to reduce staffing levels or cease operations.

Weak economic conditions typically have a negative impact on small-and mid-sized businesses, which make up the majority of our clients. In turn, these businesses could cut costs, including trimming employees from their payrolls, or closing locations or ceasing operations altogether. If weak economic conditions were to develop, these forces may result in decreased revenues due both to the downsizing of our current clients and increased difficulties in attracting new clients in a poor economic environment. In addition, weak economic conditions may also result in additional bad debt expense to the extent that existing clients cease operations.

Our business is subject to risks associated with healthcare reforms.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “Acts”) subject us to potential penalties unless we offer our employees minimum essential healthcare coverage that is affordable. In order to comply with the employer mandate provision of the Acts, we offer health care coverage to all temporary and permanent employees eligible for coverage under the Acts other than employees of our PEO clients, which are responsible for providing required health care coverage to their employees. Designating employees as eligible is complex, and is subject to challenge by employees and the Internal Revenue Service. While we believe we have properly identified eligible employees, a later determination that we failed to offer the required health coverage to eligible employees could result in penalties that may materially harm our business. We cannot be certain that compliant insurance coverage will remain available to us on reasonable terms, and we could face additional risks arising from future changes to or repeal of the Acts or changed interpretations of our obligations under the Acts. There can be no assurance that we will be able to recover all related costs through increased pricing to our customers or that such costs will be recovered in the period in which costs are incurred, and the net financial impact on our results of operations could be significant.

If we are unable to maintain our brand image and corporate reputation, our business may suffer.

Our success depends in part on our ability to maintain our reputation for providing excellent service to our customers. Service quality issues, whether actual or perceived, and even when false or unfounded, could tarnish the image of our brand and may cause customers to use other companies. Also, adverse publicity surrounding labor relations, data breaches, SEC investigations, securities class actions and the like, could negatively affect our overall reputation. Damage to our reputation could reduce demand for our services and thus have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our staffing business is vulnerable to economic fluctuations.

Demand for our staffing services is sensitive to changes in the level of economic activity in the regions in which we do business. As economic activity slows down, companies often reduce their use of temporary employees before undertaking layoffs of permanent staff, resulting in decreased demand for staffing services. During strong economic periods, on the other hand, we often experience shortages of qualified employees to meet customer needs, as occurred during 2018.

Because we assume the obligation to make wage, tax and regulatory payments in respect of some employees, we are exposed to client credit risks.

We generally assume credit risk associated with our clients’ employee payroll obligations, including liability for payment of salaries and wages (including payroll taxes), as well as retirement benefits. These obligations are fixed whether or not the client makes payments to us as required by our services agreement. We attempt to mitigate this risk by invoicing our clients at the end of their specific payroll processing cycle. We also carefully monitor the timeliness of our clients' payments and impose strict credit standards on our customers. If we fail to successfully manage our credit risk, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

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Increases in unemployment claims could raise our state and federal unemployment tax rates which we may not be able to pass on to our customers.

During weak economic conditions in our markets, the level of unemployment claims tends to rise as a result of employee layoffs at our clients and lack of work in our temporary staffing pool. The rise in unemployment claims often results in higher state and federal unemployment tax rates, which in most instances cannot be concurrently passed on to our customers either due to existing client services agreements or competitive pricing pressures. Increases in our state and federal unemployment tax rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, particularly in the early part of the calendar year when payroll tax rates are at or near their maximum.

If we are determined not to be an “employer” under certain laws and regulations, our clients may stop using our services, and we may be subject to additional liabilities.

We are the administrative employer in our co-employment relationships under the various laws and regulations of the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Department of Labor. If we are determined not to be the administrative employer under such laws and regulations and are therefore unable to assume our clients’ obligations for employment and other taxes, our clients may be held jointly and severally liable for payment of such taxes. Some clients or prospective clients may view such potential liability as an unacceptable risk, discouraging current clients from continuing a relationship with us or prospective clients from entering into a new relationship with us. Any determination that we are not the administrative employer for purposes of ERISA could also adversely affect our cafeteria benefits plan operated under Section 125 of the Internal Revenue Code and result in liabilities to us under the plan.

We may be exposed to employment‑related claims and costs and periodic litigation that could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We either co-employ employees in connection with our PEO client services agreements or place our employees in our customers' workplace in connection with our staffing business. As such, we are subject to a number of risks inherent to our status as the administrative employer, including without limitation:

• claims of misconduct or negligence on the part of our employees, discrimination or harassment claims against our employees, or claims by our employees of discrimination or harassment by our clients;

• immigration-related claims;

• claims relating to violations of wage, hour and other workplace regulations;

• claims relating to employee benefits, entitlements to employee benefits, or errors in the  calculation or administration of such benefits; and

• possible claims relating to misuse of customer confidential information, misappropriation of assets or other similar claims.

If we experience significant incidents involving any of the above-described risk areas, we could face substantial out-of-pocket losses, fines or negative publicity. In addition, such claims may give rise to litigation, which may be time consuming, distracting and costly, and could have a material adverse effect on our business. With respect to claims involving our co-employer relationships, although our client services agreement provides that the client will indemnify us for any liability attributable to the conduct of the client or its employees, we may not be able to enforce such contractual indemnification, or the client may not have sufficient assets to satisfy its obligations to us. An increase in employment-related claims against us may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

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We are dependent upon technology services and if we experience damage, service interruptions or failures in our computer and telecommunications systems, our client relationships and our ability to attract new clients may be adversely affected.

We rely extensively on our computer systems to manage our branch network, perform employment-related services and accounting and reporting functions, and summarize and analyze our financial results. Our systems are subject to damage or interruption from telecommunications failures, power-related outages, computer viruses and malicious attacks, security breaches and catastrophic events. If our systems are damaged or fail to function properly, we may incur substantial costs to repair or replace them, experience loss of critical data and interruptions or delays in our ability to manage our operations, and encounter a loss of client confidence. In addition, our clients’ businesses may be adversely affected by any system or equipment failure or breach we experience. As a result, our relationships with our clients may be impaired, we may lose clients, our ability to attract new clients may be adversely affected, and we could be exposed to contractual liability. We may continue to invest in upgrades or replacements to our existing systems or additional security measures, each of which can involve substantial costs and risks relating to installation and implementation.

We depend on third-party software in order to provide our services and support our operations.

Significant portions of our services and operations rely on software that is licensed from third-party vendors. The fees associated with these license agreements could increase in future periods, resulting in increased operating expenses. If there are significant changes to the terms and conditions of our license agreements, or if we are unable to renew these license agreements, we may be required to make changes to our vendors or information technology systems. These changes may impact the services we provide to our clients or the processes we have in place to support our operations, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

If our efforts to protect the security of personal information about our employees and clients are unsuccessful, we could be subject to costly government enforcement actions and private litigation and our reputation could suffer.

The nature of our business involves the receipt, storage, and transmission of personal and proprietary information about thousands of employees and clients. If we experience a significant data security breach or fail to detect and appropriately respond to a significant data security breach, we could be exposed to government enforcement actions and private litigation. In addition, our employees and clients could lose confidence in our ability to protect their personal and proprietary information, which could cause them to terminate their relationships with us. Any loss of confidence arising from a significant data security breach could hurt our reputation, further damaging our business.

We operate in a complex regulatory environment, and failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could adversely affect our business.

Corporate human resource operations are subject to a broad range of complex and evolving laws and regulations, including those applicable to payroll practices, benefits administration, employment practices, workers’ compensation coverage, and privacy. Because our clients have employees in many states throughout the United States, we must perform our services in compliance with the legal and regulatory requirements of multiple jurisdictions. Some of these laws and regulations may be difficult to ascertain or interpret and may change from time to time. Violation of such laws and regulations could subject us to fines and penalties, damage our reputation, constitute a breach of our client agreements, impair our ability to obtain and renew required licenses, and decrease our profitability or competitiveness. If any of these effects were to occur, our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

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Changes in government regulations may result in restrictions or prohibitions applicable to the provision of employment services or the imposition of additional licensing, regulatory or tax requirements.

Our business is heavily regulated in most jurisdictions in which we operate. We cannot provide assurance that the states in which we conduct or seek to conduct business will not:

• impose additional regulations that prohibit or restrict employment-related businesses like ours;

• require additional licensing or add restrictions on existing licenses to provide employment-related services; or

• increase taxes or make changes in the way in which taxes are calculated for providers of employment-related services.

Any changes in applicable laws and regulations may make it more difficult or expensive for us to do business, inhibit expansion of our business, or result in additional expenses that limit our profitability or decrease our ability to attract and retain clients.

The tax status of our insurance subsidiaries could be challenged by taxing authorities resulting in increased or accelerated income tax payments.

In conjunction with our workers’ compensation program, we operate two wholly owned insurance subsidiaries, AICE and Ecole. We treat the two subsidiaries as insurance companies for federal and state income tax purposes. If the Internal Revenue Service or a state taxing authority were to determine that the subsidiaries do not qualify as insurance companies, in which insurance reserves are currently deductible, we could be required to make accelerated income tax payments that we otherwise would have deferred until future periods.

Our wholly owned insurance companies are subject to substantial government regulation.

Our wholly owned insurance companies are primarily regulated by state insurance commissioners. Such regulation includes monitoring the financial status of these companies, approving policies and premium rates, maintaining requirements for capital surplus and types of investments, and approving any significant changes to the legal or operating structure of these entities. State regulators can also impose taxes and other fees on insurance companies under their jurisdiction. These regulations may restrict our ability to operate these companies in the manner we believe is best, which could increase the cost of our operations, restrict our access to insurance coverage or adversely affect our liquidity.

We may find it difficult to expand our business into additional states due to varying state regulatory requirements.

Future growth in our operations depends, in part, on our ability to offer our services to prospective clients in new states, which may subject us to different regulatory requirements and standards. In order to operate effectively in a new state, we must obtain all necessary regulatory approvals, adapt our procedures to that state's regulatory requirements and modify our service offerings to adapt to local market conditions. As we expand into additional states, we may not be able to duplicate in other markets the financial performance experienced in our current markets.

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We face competition from a number of other companies.

We face competition from various companies that may provide all or some of the services we offer. Our competitors include companies that are engaged in staffing services such as Robert Half International Inc., Kelly Services, Inc., and ManpowerGroup Inc.; companies that are focused on co-employment, such as Insperity, Inc., and TriNet Group, Inc.; and companies that primarily provide payroll processing services, such as Automatic Data Processing, Inc. and Paychex, Inc. We also face competition from information technology outsourcing firms and broad-based outsourcing and consulting firms that perform individual projects.

Several of our existing or potential competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do, which may enable them to:

• develop and expand their infrastructure and service offerings more quickly and achieve greater cost efficiencies;

• invest in new technologies;

• expand operations into new markets more rapidly;

• devote greater resources to marketing;

• compete for acquisitions more effectively and complete acquisitions more easily; and

• aggressively price products and services and increase benefits in ways that we may not be able to match financially.

In order to compete effectively in our markets, we must target our potential clients carefully, continue to improve our efficiencies and the scope and quality of our services, and rely on our service quality, innovation, education and program clarity. If our competitive advantages are not compelling or sustainable, then we are unlikely to increase or sustain profits and our stock price could decline.

We are dependent upon certain key personnel and recruitment and retention of key employees may be difficult and expensive.

We believe that the successful operation of our business is dependent upon our retention of the services of key personnel, including our Chief Executive Officer, other executive officers and area managers. We may not be able to retain all of our executives, senior managers and key personnel in light of competition for their services. If we lose the services of one of our executive officers or a significant number of our senior managers, our results of operations likely would be adversely affected.

We do not have an expansive in-house sales staff and therefore rely extensively on referral partners.

We maintain a minimal internal professional sales force, and we rely heavily on referral partners to provide referrals to new business. In connection with these arrangements, we pay a fee to referral partners for new clients. These referral firms and individuals do not have an exclusive relationship with us. If we are unable to maintain these relationships or if they increase their fees or lose confidence in our services, we could face declines in our business and additional costs and uncertainties as we attempt to hire and train an internal sales force.

We depend on attracting and retaining qualified employees; during periods of economic growth, our costs to do so increase and attracting and retaining people becomes more difficult.

Our teams of client-facing professionals are the foundation of our value proposition. Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel could be impaired by economic conditions resulting in lower unemployment and increases in compensation. During periods of economic growth, we face increased competition for retaining and recruiting qualified personnel, which in turn leads to greater advertising and recruiting costs and increased salary expenses. If we cannot attract and retain qualified employees, the quality of our services may deteriorate and our reputation and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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Our service agreements may be terminated on short notice, leaving us vulnerable to loss of a significant amount of customers in a short period of time, if business or regulatory conditions change or events occur that negatively affect our reputation.

Our client services agreements are generally terminable on 30 days’ notice by either us or our client. As a result, our clients may terminate their agreement with us at any time, making us particularly vulnerable to changing business or regulatory conditions or changes affecting our reputation or the reputation of our industry.

Our industry has at times received negative publicity that, if it were to become more prevalent, could cause our business to decline.

In the staffing and co-employment industries in which we compete, companies periodically have been tarnished by negative publicity or scandals from poor business judgment or even outright fraud. If we or our industry face negative publicity, customers' confidence in the use of temporary personnel or co-employed workers may deteriorate, and they may be unwilling to enter into or continue our staffing or co-employment relationships. If a negative perception were to prevail, it would be more difficult for us to attract and retain customers.

Changes in federal and state unemployment tax laws and regulations could adversely affect our business.

In past years, there has been significant negative publicity relating to the use of staffing or PEO companies to shield employers from poor unemployment history and high unemployment taxes. New legislation enacted at the state or federal level to try to counter this perceived problem could have a material adverse effect on our business by limiting our ability to market our services or making our services less attractive to our customers and potential customers.

Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Stock

Our stock price may be volatile or may decline, resulting in substantial losses for our stockholders.

The market price of our Common Stock has been, and may continue to be, volatile for the foreseeable future. Important factors that may cause our trading price to decline include the factors listed below and other factors that may have a material adverse effect on our business or financial results, including those described above in this “Risk Factors” section:

• actual or anticipated fluctuations in our results of operations, including a significant slowdown in our revenue growth or material increase in our workers’ compensation expense;

• our failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or otherwise discover material errors in our financial reporting;

• imposition of significant fines or penalties or other adverse action by regulatory authorities against the Company;

• adverse developments in legal proceedings involving claims against the Company;

• our failure to meet financial projections or achieve financial results anticipated by analysts; or

• changes in our board of directors or management.

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Maryland law and our Charter and bylaws contain provisions that could make the takeover of the Company more difficult.

Certain provisions of Maryland law and our Charter and bylaws could have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring the Company, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders. These provisions of our Charter and bylaws permit the Board of Directors to issue up to 500,000 shares of preferred stock with such rights and preferences, including voting rights, as the Board may establish, without further approval by the Company's stockholders, which could also adversely affect the voting power of holders of our Common Stock.

In addition, the Company is subject to the Maryland control share act (the “Control Share Act”). Under the Control Share Act, a person (an “Acquiring Person”) who acquires voting stock in a transaction (a “Control Share Acquisition”) which results in its holding voting power within specified ranges cannot vote the shares it acquires in the Control Share Acquisition unless voting rights are accorded to such control shares by the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding voting shares, excluding the Acquiring Person and the Company's officers and directors who are also employees of the Company.

The Company is also subject to the provisions of Maryland law limiting the ability of certain Maryland corporations to engage in specified business combinations (the “Business Combination Act”). Subject to certain exceptions, the Business Combination Act prohibits a Maryland corporation from engaging in a business combination with a stockholder who, with its affiliates, owns 10% or more of the corporation's voting stock. These provisions will not apply to business combinations that are approved by the Board of Directors before the stockholder became an interested stockholder.

Item 1B UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

Item 2. PROPERTIES

We operate through 62 branch offices. The following table shows the number of locations in each state in which we have offices. We also lease office space in other locations in our market areas which we use to recruit and place employees.

	Number of Branch
Offices	Locations
California	24
Oregon	11
Utah	5
Washington	5
Colorado	3
Idaho	3
Arizona	2
Maryland	2
North Carolina	2
Nevada	2
Delaware	1
Pennsylvania	1
Virginia	1

We lease office space for our branch offices. At December 31, 2018, our leases had expiration dates ranging from less than one year to seven years. Our corporate headquarters occupies approximately 73 percent of the 65,300 square foot building we own in Vancouver, Washington.

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Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

BBSI is not subject to material legal proceedings and claims other than those which arise in the ordinary course of our business, except for those matters discussed in “Note 12 - Litigation” to the consolidated financial statements incorporated into Item 8 of Part II of this report.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable

PART II

Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock (the "Common Stock") trades on the Global Select Market segment of The Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol "BBSI."  At March 1, 2019, there were 25 stockholders of record and approximately 3,658 beneficial owners of the Common Stock.

The following table presents the high and low sales prices of the Common Stock and cash dividends paid for each quarterly period during the last two fiscal years, as reported by The Nasdaq Stock Market. Any future determination as to the payment of dividends will be made at the discretion of the Board and will depend upon the Company's operating results, financial condition, capital requirements, general business conditions and such other factors as the Board deems relevant. Under its credit agreement with its principal bank lender, the Company’s ability to pay dividends on its common stock is limited. See “Note 6 - Revolving Credit Facility and Long-Term Debt” to the consolidated financial statements, incorporated into Item 8 of Part II of this report for additional information.

					Cash Dividends
	High		Low		Declared
2017
First Quarter	$	66.64	$	50.56	$	0.25
Second Quarter		60.35		52.95		0.25
Third Quarter		59.50		44.52		0.25
Fourth Quarter		69.32		54.41		0.25
2018
First Quarter	$	89.87	$	56.10	$	0.25
Second Quarter		97.86		79.37		0.25
Third Quarter		98.76		62.30		0.25
Fourth Quarter		77.37		53.10		0.25

The Company maintains a Board-approved stock repurchase program which originally authorized up to 3.0 million shares of the Company’s Common Stock to be repurchased from time to time in open market purchases. The repurchase program allowed for the repurchase of approximately 1.1 million shares as of December 31, 2018. No repurchases were made during the quarter ended December 31, 2018.

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The following graph shows the cumulative total return at the dates indicated for the period from December 31, 2013 until December 31, 2018, for our Common Stock, The Nasdaq Composite Index, and the S&P 1500 Human Resource & Employment Services Index, a published industry index that is considered reflective of the Company’s peers.

The stock performance graph has been prepared assuming that $100 was invested on December 31, 2013 in our Common Stock and the indexes shown, and that dividends are reinvested. The stock price performance reflected in the graph may not be indicative of future price performance.

	12/13		12/14		12/15		12/16		12/17		12/18
Barrett Business Services, Inc.		100.00		30.12		48.98		73.76		75.50		67.88
NASDAQ Composite		100.00		114.62		122.81		133.19		172.11		165.84
S&P 1500 Human Resource & Employment    Services index		100.00		104.57		108.13		119.90		153.45		129.80

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Item 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the Company's consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes incorporated into Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and the information contained in Item 7 of Part II, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”  Historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016			2015			2014
(In thousands, except per share data)
Statement of operations:
Revenues:
Professional employer service fees	$	793,399		$	758,046		$	673,924		$	572,286		$	470,522
Staffing services	$	147,299			162,386			166,662			168,555			165,833
Total revenues		940,698			920,432			840,586			740,841			636,355
Cost of revenues:
Direct payroll costs		111,443			122,533			126,753			127,964			126,399
Payroll taxes and benefits		407,003			404,687			357,867			312,284			263,100
Workers' compensation		235,579			234,681			210,430			171,137			213,451
Total cost of revenues		754,025			761,901			695,050			611,385			602,950
Gross margin		186,673			158,531			145,536			129,456			33,405
Selling, general and administrative expenses		145,465			123,138			113,342			90,177			74,065
Depreciation and amortization		4,219			5,452			3,253			2,851			2,506
Income (loss) from operations		36,989			29,941			28,941			36,428			(43,166	)
Other income (expense):
Investment income, net		9,077			4,668			956			771			543
Interest expense		(1,052	)		(313	)		(807	)		(1,965	)		(173	)
Loss on litigation	—			—				(3,544	)	—			—
Other, net		(245	)		82			40			(88	)		152
Other income (expense), net		7,780			4,437			(3,355	)		(1,282	)		522
Income (loss) before income taxes		44,769			34,378			25,586			35,146			(42,644	)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes		6,707			9,208			6,787			9,652			(17,098	)
Net income (loss)	$	38,062		$	25,170		$	18,799		$	25,494		$	(25,546	)
Basic income (loss) per common share	$	5.18		$	3.46		$	2.60		$	3.55		$	(3.57	)
Weighted average number of basic  common    shares outstanding		7,342			7,275			7,226			7,173			7,160
Diluted income (loss) per common share	$	4.98		$	3.33		$	2.55		$	3.47		$	(3.57	)
Weighted average number of diluted common    shares  outstanding		7,647			7,551			7,378			7,353			7,160
Cash dividends per common share	$	1.00		$	1.00		$	0.88		$	0.88		$	0.76
Selected balance sheet data:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,371		$	59,835		$	50,768		$	25,218		$	11,544
Investments		2,103			1,873			6,317			6,082			50,887
Current assets		321,673			308,235			235,383			206,068			163,664
Current liabilities		326,738			322,255			275,164			237,393			225,302
Working capital deficit		(5,065	)		(14,020	)		(39,781	)		(31,325	)		(61,638	)
Total assets		756,089			682,485			581,888			483,521			443,844
Long-term workers' compensation liabilities		304,078			265,844			231,198			190,094			164,214
Long-term debt, net of current portion		3,951			4,171			4,392		—				19,833
Stockholders' equity		119,037			88,834			69,693			54,551			32,820

The net loss in 2014 is primarily due to expense associated with an increase in the Company’s reserve for workers’ compensation claims liabilities of approximately $104.2 million.

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Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

The Company is a leading provider of business management solutions for small and mid-sized companies. The Company has developed a management platform that integrates a knowledge-based approach from the management consulting industry with tools from the human resource outsourcing industry. This platform, through the effective leveraging of human capital, helps our business owner clients run their businesses more effectively. We believe this platform, delivered through a decentralized organizational structure, differentiates BBSI from our competitors.

We report revenues in our financial results in two categories of services: professional employer services (“PEO”) and staffing.

With our PEO clients, we enter into a co-employment arrangement in which we become the administrative employer while the client maintains physical care, custody and control of their workforce. Our PEO services are billed as a percentage of client payroll, with the gross amount invoiced including direct payroll costs, employer payroll-related taxes, workers’ compensation coverage (if provided) and a service fee. PEO customers are invoiced following the end of each payroll processing cycle, with payment generally due on the invoice date. Revenues for PEO services exclude direct payroll billings because we are not the primary obligor for those payments.

We generate staffing services revenues primarily from short-term staffing, contract staffing, on-site management and direct placement services. For staffing services other than direct placement, invoiced amounts include direct payroll, employer payroll-related taxes, workers’ compensation coverage and a service fee. Staffing customers are invoiced weekly and typically have payment terms of 30 days. Direct placement services are billed at agreed fees at the time of a successful placement.

Our business is concentrated in California, and we expect to continue to derive a majority of our revenues from this market in the future. Revenues generated in our California operations accounted for 79% of our total net revenues in 2018, 79% in 2017 and 78% in 2016. Consequently, any weakness in economic conditions or changes in the regulatory or insurance environment in California could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

Our cost of revenues for PEO services includes employer payroll-related taxes and workers' compensation costs. Our cost of revenues for staffing services includes direct payroll costs, employer payroll-related taxes, employee benefits, and workers’ compensation costs. Direct payroll costs represent the gross payroll earned by staffing services employees based on salary or hourly wages. Payroll taxes and employee benefits consist of the employer's portion of Social Security and Medicare taxes, federal and state unemployment taxes and staffing services employee reimbursements for materials, supplies and other expenses, which are paid by our customer. Workers' compensation costs consist primarily of the costs associated with our workers' compensation program, including claims reserves, claims administration fees, legal fees, medical cost containment (“MCC”) expense, state administrative agency fees, third-party broker commissions, risk manager payroll, premiums for excess insurance and the fronted insurance program, and costs associated with operating our two wholly owned insurance companies, AICE and Ecole.

Selling, general and administrative expenses represent both branch office and corporate-level operating expenses. Branch operating expenses consist primarily of branch office staff payroll and personnel related costs, advertising, rent, office supplies, professional and legal fees and branch incentive compensation. Corporate-level operating expenses consist primarily of executive and office staff payroll and personnel related costs, professional and legal fees, travel, occupancy costs, information systems costs, and executive and corporate staff incentive compensation.

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Depreciation and amortization represent depreciation of property and equipment, leasehold improvements and capitalized software costs. Property, equipment and software are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 3 to 39 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life.  

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We have identified the following accounting estimate as critical to our business and the understanding of our results of operations. For a detailed discussion of the application of this and other accounting policies, see “Note 1 - Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements incorporated into Item 8 of Part II of this report. The preparation of this Annual Report on Form 10-K requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Workers' Compensation Reserves

We recognize our liability for the ultimate payment of incurred claims and claims adjustment expenses by establishing a reserve which represents our estimates of future amounts necessary to pay claims and related expenses with respect to workplace injuries that have occurred. When a claim involving a probable loss is reported, our independent third-party administrator for workers’ compensation claims (“TPA”) establishes a case reserve for the estimated amount of ultimate loss. The estimate reflects a judgment based on established case reserving practices and the experience and knowledge of the TPA regarding the nature and expected amount of the claim, as well as the estimated expenses of settling the claim, including legal and other fees and expenses of claims administration. The adequacy of such case reserves in part depends on the professional judgment of the TPA to properly and comprehensively evaluate the economic consequences of each claim.

Our reserves include an additional component for potential future increases in the cost to finally resolve open injury claims and claims incurred in prior periods but not reported (together, "IBNR") based on actuarial estimates provided by the Company’s independent actuary. IBNR reserves, unlike specific case reserves, do not apply to a specific claim but rather apply to the entire population of claims arising from a specific time period. IBNR primarily covers costs relating to:

• Future claim payments in excess of case reserves on recorded open claims;

• Additional claim payments on closed claims; and

• Claims that have occurred but have not yet been reported to us.

The process of estimating unpaid claims and claims adjustment expense involves a high degree of judgment and is affected by both internal and external events, including changes in claims handling practices, modifications in reserve estimation procedures, changes in individuals involved in the reserve estimation process, inflation, trends in the litigation and settlement of pending claims, and legislative changes.

Our estimates are based on informed judgment, derived from individual experiences and expertise applied to multiple sets of data and analyses. We consider significant facts and circumstances known both at the time that loss reserves are initially established and as new facts and circumstances become known. Due to the inherent uncertainty underlying loss reserve estimates, the expenses incurred through final resolution of our liability for our workers’ compensation claims will likely vary from the related loss reserves at the reporting date. Therefore, as specific claims are paid out in the future, actual paid losses may be materially different from our current loss reserves.

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A basic premise in most actuarial analyses is that historical data and past patterns demonstrated in the incurred and paid historical data form a reasonable basis upon which to project future outcomes, absent a material change. Significant structural changes to the available data can materially impact the reserve estimation process. To the extent a material change affecting the ultimate claim liability becomes known, such change is quantified to the extent possible through an analysis of internal company data and, if available and when appropriate, external data. Actuaries exercise a considerable degree of judgment in the evaluation of these factors and the need for such actuarial judgment is more pronounced when faced with material uncertainties.

We believe that the amounts recorded for our estimated liabilities for workers’ compensation claims, which are based on informed judgment, analysis of data, actuarial estimates, and analysis of other trends associated with the Company’s historical universe of claims data, are reasonable. Nevertheless, adjustments to such estimates will be required in future periods if the development of claim costs varies materially from our estimates and such future adjustments may be material to our results of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and their potential effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition, see “Note 1 - Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statements incorporated into Item 8 of Part II of this report.

Forward-Looking Information

Statements in this Item or in Items 1, 1A, 3 and 9A of this report include forward-looking statements which are not historical in nature and are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, among others, discussion of economic conditions in our market areas and their effect on revenue levels, the effect of changes in our mix of services on gross margin, the effect of tight labor market conditions, the adequacy of our workers' compensation reserves, the effect of changes in estimates of our future claims liabilities on our workers’ compensation reserves, including the effect of changes in our reserving practices and claims management process on our actuarial estimates, the effects of recent federal tax legislation, our ability to generate sufficient taxable income in the future to utilize our deferred tax assets, the effect of our formation and operation of two wholly owned licensed insurance subsidiaries, the risks of operation and cost of our fronted insurance program with Chubb, the financial viability of our excess insurance carriers, the effectiveness of our management information systems, our relationship with our primary bank lender and the availability of financing and working capital to meet our funding requirements, litigation costs, the effect of changes in the interest rate environment on the value of our investment securities and long-term debt, the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts, and the potential for and effect of acquisitions.

All of our forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company or industry to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors with respect to the Company include our ability to retain current clients and attract new clients, difficulties associated with integrating clients into our operations, economic trends in our service areas, the potential for material deviations from expected future workers’ compensation claims experience, the workers’ compensation regulatory environment in our primary markets, security breaches or failures in the Company’s information technology systems, collectability of accounts receivable, the carrying values of deferred income tax assets and goodwill (which may be affected by our future operating results), the impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and escalating medical costs on our business, the effect of conditions in the global capital markets on our investment portfolio, and the availability of capital, borrowing capacity on our revolving credit facility, or letters of credit necessary to meet state-mandated surety deposit requirements for maintaining our status as a qualified self-insured employer for workers' compensation coverage or our fronted insurance program. Additional risk factors affecting our business are discussed in Item 1A of Part I of this report. We disclaim any obligation to publicly announce any revisions to any of the forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect future events or developments.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth the percentages of total revenues represented by selected items in the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, included in Item 15 of this report. References to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing below are to the notes to the Company's consolidated financial statements incorporated into Item 8 of Part II of this report.

	Percentage of Total Net Revenues
	Years Ended December 31,
	2018				2017				2016
Revenues:
Professional employer service fees	$	793,399	84.3	%	$	758,046	82.4	%	$	673,924		80.2		%
Staffing services		147,299	15.7			162,386	17.6		$	166,662		19.8
Total revenues		940,698	100.0			920,432	100.0			840,586		100.0
Cost of revenues:
Direct payroll costs		111,443	11.8			122,533	13.3			126,753		15.1
Payroll taxes and benefits		407,003	43.3			404,687	44.0			357,867		42.6
Workers’ compensation		235,579	25.1			234,681	25.5			210,430		25.0
Total cost of revenues		754,025	80.2			761,901	82.8			695,050		82.7
Gross margin		186,673	19.8			158,531	17.2			145,536		17.3
Selling, general and administrative    expenses		145,465	15.5			123,138	13.4			113,342		13.5
Depreciation and amortization		4,219	0.4			5,452	0.6			3,253		0.4
Income from operations		36,989	3.9			29,941	3.2			28,941		3.4
Other income (expense), net		7,780	0.8			4,437	0.5			(3,355	)	(0.4	)
Income before income taxes		44,769	4.7			34,378	3.7			25,586		3.0
Provision for income taxes		6,707	0.7			9,208	1.0			6,787		0.8
Net income	$	38,062	4.0	%	$	25,170	2.7	%	$	18,799		2.2		%

We report PEO revenues net of direct payroll costs because we are not the primary obligor for wage payments to our clients’ employees. However, management believes that gross billing amounts and wages are useful in understanding the volume of our business activity and serve as an important performance metric in managing our operations, including the preparation of internal operating forecasts and establishing executive compensation performance goals. We therefore present for purposes of analysis gross billing and wage information for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. 

	Year Ended
	December 31,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2016
Gross billings	$	5,663,095	$	5,300,684	$	4,692,887
PEO and staffing wages		4,790,669		4,469,845		3,951,021

Because safety incentives represent consideration payable to PEO customers, safety incentive costs are netted against PEO revenue in our consolidated statements of operations. Management considers safety incentives to be an integral part of our workers’ compensation program because they encourage client companies to maintain safe-work practices and minimize workplace injuries. We therefore present below for purposes of analysis non-GAAP gross workers’ compensation expense, which represents workers’ compensation costs including safety incentive costs. We believe this non-GAAP measure is useful in evaluating the total costs of our workers’ compensation program.

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	Year Ended
	December 31,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2016
Workers' compensation	$	235,579	$	234,681	$	210,430
Safety incentive costs		33,385		32,940		28,033
Non-GAAP gross workers' compensation	$	268,964	$	267,621	$	238,463

In monitoring and evaluating the performance of our operations, management also reviews the following ratios, which represent selected amounts as a percentage of gross billings. Management believes these ratios are useful in understanding the efficiency and profitability of our service offerings.

	Percentage of Gross Billings
	Year Ended
	December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
PEO and staffing wages		84.6	%		84.3	%		84.2	%
Payroll taxes and benefits		7.2	%		7.6	%		7.6	%
Non-GAAP gross workers' compensation		4.7	%		5.0	%		5.1	%

The presentation of revenues on a net basis and the relative contributions of staffing and professional employer services revenues can create volatility in our gross margin percentage. A relative increase in professional employer services revenue will result in a higher gross margin percentage. Improvement in gross margin percentage occurs because incremental client services revenue dollars are reported as revenue net of all related direct payroll and safety incentive costs.

Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017

Net income for 2018 was $38.1 million compared to net income of $25.2 million for 2017. Diluted income per share for 2018 was $4.98 compared to diluted income per share of $3.33 for 2017.

Revenues for 2018 totaled $940.7 million, an increase of $20.3 million or 2.2% over 2017, which reflects an increase in the Company’s professional employer service fee revenue of $35.4 million or 4.7% and a decrease in staffing services revenue of $15.1 million or 9.3%.

Our growth in professional employer service revenues was attributable to both new and existing customers. Due to continued strength in our referral channels, business from new customers during 2018 exceeded business lost from former customers. Gross billings for PEO services to continuing customers increased 5.7%, compared to 2017. This growth was primarily the result of increases in employee headcount and wage inflation. PEO revenue is presented net of safety incentives of $33.4 million and $32.9 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively, and other customer incentives of $9.8 million in 2018. The decrease in staffing services revenue was due primarily to tight labor market conditions during the 2018 period.

Gross margin for 2018 totaled $186.7 million or 19.8% of revenue compared to $158.5 million or 17.2% of revenue for 2017. The increase in gross margin as a percentage of revenues is primarily due to decreases in payroll taxes and workers’ compensation expense as a percentage of revenues

Direct payroll costs for 2018 totaled $111.4 million or 11.8% of revenue compared to $122.5 million or 13.3% of revenue for 2017. The decrease in direct payroll costs percentage was primarily due to the increase in professional employer services and the decrease of staffing services within the mix of our customer base compared to 2017.

Payroll taxes and benefits for 2018 totaled $407 million or 43.3% of revenue compared to $404.7 million or 44.0% of revenue for 2017. The decrease in payroll taxes and benefits as a percentage of revenues is primarily due to lower effective payroll tax rates and the relative increase in PEO services within the mix of our customer base compared to 2017.

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Workers’ compensation expense for 2018 totaled $235.6 million or 25.1% of revenue compared to $234.7 million or 25.5% of revenue for 2017. The decrease in workers’ compensation expense as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to afavorable adjustment of $3.8 million in 2018 compared to anunfavorable adjustment of $5.2 million in 2017 related to claims incurred in prior periods.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expensesfor 2018 totaled $145.5 million or 15.5% of revenue compared to $123.1 million or 13.4% of revenue for 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to increases in employee-related expenses and litigation costs.   

Other income, net for 2018 totaled $7.8 million compared to other income of $4.4 million for 2017. The change was attributable to an increase in investment income of $4.4 million in 2018.

Our effective income tax rate for 2018 was 15.0% compared to 26.8% for 2017. Our income tax rate typically differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to federal and state tax credits. See “Note 9 - Income Taxes” to the consolidated financial statements incorporated into Item 8 of Part II of this report for additional information regarding income taxes.

Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

Net income for 2017 was $25.2 million compared to net income of $18.8 million for 2016. Diluted income per share for 2017 was $3.33 compared to diluted income per share of $2.55 for 2016.

Revenues for 2017 totaled $920.4 million, an increase of $79.8 million or 9.5% over 2016, which reflects an increase in the Company’s professional employer service fee revenue of $84.1 million or 12.5% and a decrease in staffing services revenue of $4.3 million or 2.6%. There was one less business day in 2017 compared to 2016.

Our growth in professional employer service revenues was attributable to both new and existing customers. Due to continued strength in our referral channels, business from new customers during 2017 exceeded business lost from former customers. Professional employer service revenue from continuing customers grew 7.2% on a year-over-year basis, primarily resulting from increases in employee headcount and wage inflation. The decrease in staffing services revenue was due primarily to a decrease in revenue from continuing customers compared to the prior year.

Gross margin for 2017 totaled $158.5 million or 17.2% of revenue compared to $145.5 million or 17.3% of revenue for 2016. The decrease in gross margin as a percentage of revenues is primarily due to increases in payroll taxes and workers’ compensation expense as a percentage of revenues, partially offset by a decrease in direct payroll costs.

Direct payroll costs for 2017 totaled $122.5 million or 13.3% of revenue compared to $126.8 million or 15.1% of revenue for 2016. The decrease in direct payroll costs percentage was primarily due to the increase in professional employer services and the decrease of staffing services within the mix of our customer base compared to 2016.

Payroll taxes and benefits for 2017 totaled $404.7 million or 44.0% of revenue compared to $357.9 million or 42.6% of revenue for 2016. The increase in payroll taxes and benefits as a percentage of revenues is due to a $3.8 million federal unemployment tax refund recognized in the third quarter of 2016, the increase in professional employer services where payroll taxes and benefits are presented at gross cost, and a decrease in staffing revenue during the period.

Workers’ compensation expense for 2017 totaled $234.7 million or 25.5% of revenue compared to $210.4 million or 25.0% of revenue for 2016. The increase in workers’ compensation expense as a percentage of revenue was primarily due to an unfavorable adjustment of $5.2 million in 2017 compared to a favorable adjustment of $300,000 in 2016 due to changes in actuarial estimates of our workers’ compensation reserves related to claims incurred in prior periods.

SG&A expensesfor 2017 totaled $123.1 million or 13.4% of revenue compared to $113.3 million or 13.5% of revenue for 2016. The decrease as a percentage of revenues was primarily attributable to a $5.0 million decrease in total legal and accounting fees, partially offset by an increase in employee related expenses.  

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Other income for 2017 totaled $4.4 million compared to other expense of $3.4 million for 2016. The change was attributable to a decrease in litigation costs of $3.3 million as well as an increase in investment income of $3.7 million in 2017.

Our effective income tax rate for 2017 was 26.8% compared to 26.5% for 2016. Our income tax rate typically differs from the federal statutory tax rate of 35% primarily due to federal and state tax credits. Our effective tax rate in 2017 also includes a provisional adjustment of 3.2% related to a change in the federal tax rate enacted on December 22, 2017.

Fluctuations in Quarterly Operating Results

We have historically experienced significant fluctuations in our quarterly operating results, including losses in the first quarter of each year, and expect such fluctuations to continue in the future. Our operating results may fluctuate due to a number of factors such as seasonality, wage limits on statutory payroll taxes, claims experience for workers’ compensation, demand for our services, and competition. Payroll taxes, as a component of cost of revenues, generally decline throughout a calendar year as the applicable statutory wage bases for federal and state unemployment taxes and Social Security taxes are exceeded on a per employee basis. Our revenue levels may be higher in the third quarter due to the effect of increased business activity of our customers’ businesses in the agriculture, food processing and forest products-related industries. In addition, revenues in the fourth quarter may be reduced by many customers’ practice of operating on holiday-shortened schedules. Workers’ compensation expense varies with both the frequency and severity of workplace injury claims reported during a quarter and the estimated future costs of such claims. In addition, adverse loss development of prior period claims during a subsequent quarter may also contribute to the volatility in the Company’s estimated workers’ compensation expense.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company's cash balance of $140.7 million, which includes cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, increased $20.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, compared to a decrease of $221.1 million for the comparable period of 2017. The increase in cash at December 31, 2018 as compared to December 31, 2017 was primarily due to decreased purchases of restricted investments.

Net cash provided by operating activities in 2018 amounted to $69.8 million, compared to net cash provided of $112.9 million for the comparable period of 2017. In 2018, cash flow from operating activities was primarily provided by net income of $38.1 million and increased workers’ compensation claims liabilities of $49.6 million, partially offset by decreased accrued payroll, payroll taxes and related benefits of $21.9 million and increased trade accounts receivable of $14.9 million.

Net cash used in investing activities totaled $39.3 million in 2018, compared to net cashed used of $325.0 million for the comparable period of 2017. In 2018, cash used in investing activities consisted primarily of purchases of investments and restricted investments of $110.7 million, partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of investments and restricted investments of $76.5 million.

Net cash used in financing activities in 2018 was $9.9 million compared to net cash used of $9.0 million for the comparable period of 2017. In 2018, cash was primarily used for dividend payments of $7.3 million and common stock repurchased on vesting of restricted stock units of $3.0 million.

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The states of California, Maryland, Oregon, Washington, Colorado and Delaware required us to maintain specified financial instruments totaling $85.2 million and $96.8million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, to cover potential workers’ compensation claims losses related to the Company’s current and former status as a self-insured employer. At December 31, 2018, the Company provided surety bonds and standby letters of credit totaling $85.2million, including a California requirement of $70.6million. Management expects the surety bonds and letters of credit to decrease over time as a result of a declining self-insured liability in California. The Company’s self-insured status in California ended on December 31, 2014.

As part of its fronted workers’ compensation insurance program with Chubb, the Company makes monthly payments into trust accounts (the “Chubb trust accounts”) to be used for the payment of future claims. The balance in the Chubb trust accounts was $451.0 million and $380.6 million at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Included within the Chubb trust accounts at December 31, 2018, is $96.4 million of restricted cash. The restricted cash accrues interest at the 3-month Treasury bill yield rate plus 0.25%.The Chubb trust accounts balances are included as a component of the current and long-term restricted cash and investments on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The Company maintains a credit agreement (the “Agreement”) with its principal bank, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (the “Bank”). The Agreement provides a revolving credit line in the amount of $28.0 million effective July 1, 2018 and expires on July 1, 2020. The Agreement also provides a $7.5 million sublimit for standby letters of credit effective July 1, 2018. Of the $7.5 million sublimit for standby letters of credit, $5.9 million was used at December 31, 2018.

Advances under the revolving credit line bear interest, as selected by the Company, of (a) the daily floating rate of one month LIBOR plus 1.75% or (b) the fixed rate of LIBOR plus 1.75%. The Agreement also provides for an unused commitment fee of 0.375% per year on the average daily unused amount of the revolving credit line, as well as a fee of 1.75% of the face amount of each letter of credit reserved under the line of credit and 0.95% on standalone, fully secured letters of credit. The Company had no outstanding borrowings on its revolving credit line at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The credit facility is collateralized by the Company’s accounts receivable and other rights to receive payment.

In June 2018, as part of the Company’s workers’ compensation insurance program restructure with Chubb, the Agreement was amended to provide for a $63.7 million standby letter of credit (the “Chubb Letter of Credit”). The Chubb Letter of Credit has an expiration date of July 1, 2019, subject to automatic renewal in specified circumstances.

In connection with the Chubb Letter of Credit, the Bank has been granted a security interest of first priority in certain blocked securities accounts (collectively, the “Collateral Accounts”). The Company has agreed to deposit in the Collateral Accounts 50% of the Company’s consolidated net income (after tax and less cash dividends) for each quarter plus, to the extent necessary, an additional amount by May 31 each year so that the deposits in the Collateral Accounts for the prior year total at least $16 million.

The initial fee payable under the Chubb Letter of Credit was equal to 2.5% of the face amount thereof. Upon annual renewal, the fees payable to the Bank quarterly in advance include (a) a fee at the annual rate of 2.5%, calculated based on the difference between the face amount of the Chubb Letter of Credit and 95% of the aggregate value of the Collateral Accounts as of the end of the previous quarter, (b) a fee at the annual rate of 1.25% calculated based on the balance of the face amount, and (c) other fees upon the payment or negotiation of each drawing under the Chubb Letter of Credit.

The Agreement requires the satisfaction of certain financial covenants as follows:

• EBITDA [net income before taxes plus interest expense (net of capitalized interest expense), depreciation expense, and amortization expense] on a rolling four-quarter basis of not less than $30 million at the end of each fiscal quarter;

• ratio of restricted and unrestricted cash and investments to workers’ compensation and safety incentive liabilities of at least 1.0:1.0, measured quarterly; and

• total workers’ compensation liabilities of not less than the estimate of required reserves reflected in the third-party actuarial report issued to the Company quarterly.

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The Agreement includes certain additional restrictions as follows:

• incurring additional indebtedness is prohibited without the prior approval of the Bank, other than purchase financing (including capital leases) for the acquisition of assets, provided that the aggregate of all purchase financing does not exceed $1,000,000 at any time;

• the Company may not declare or pay any dividend in excess of $0.25 per share in total each fiscal quarter, subject to increase by no more than 10% each year beginning June 30, 2019, compared to the prior fiscal year;

• the Company may not redeem, repurchase, or otherwise acquire any outstanding shares of its common stock; and

• the Company may not terminate or cancel any of the AICE policies without the Bank’s prior written consent.

The Agreement as amended in late June 2018 added an event of default as follows:

• specified cross-defaults under the Company's workers' compensation insurance arrangements.

The Agreement also contains customary events of default. If an event of default under the Agreement occurs and is continuing, the Bank may declare any outstanding obligations under the Agreement to be immediately due and payable. At December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

The Company maintains a mortgage loan with the Bank with a balance of approximately $4.2 million and $4.4 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, secured by the Company’s corporate office building in Vancouver, Washington. This loan requires payment of monthly installments of $18,375, bearing interest at the one month LIBOR plus 2.0%, with the unpaid principal balance due July 1, 2022.

Management expects that the funds anticipated to be generated from operations, current liquid assets, and availability under the Company’s revolving credit facility will be sufficient in the aggregate to fund the Company’s working capital needs for the next twelve months.

Contractual Obligations

The Company's contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 are summarized below:

	As of December 31, 2018
	Payments Due by Period
(in thousands)			Less than		1 - 3		4 - 5		After
	Total		1 Year		Years		Years		5 Years
Operating leases	$	27,247	$	7,135	$	11,871	$	6,767	$	1,474
Long-term debt		4,171		221		441		3,509		—
Total contractual obligations	$	31,418	$	7,356	$	12,312	$	10,276	$	1,474

Inflation

Inflation generally has not been a significant factor in the Company's operations during the periods discussed above. The Company has taken into account the impact of escalating medical and other costs in establishing reserves for future workers' compensation claims payments.

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Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company's exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates primarily relates to its investment portfolio and its outstanding borrowings on its line of credit and long-term debt. As of December 31, 2018, the Company’s investments consisted principally of approximately $181.8 million in corporate bonds, $87.9 million in mortgage backed securities, $45.2 million in U.S. treasuries, $44.7 million in U.S. government agency securities, $4.7 million in supranational, $1.1 million in mutual funds, and $0.4 million in money market funds. The Company’s outstanding debt totaled approximately $4.2 million at December 31, 2018. Based on the Company's overall interest exposure at December 31, 2018, a 50 basis point increase in market interest rates would have a $5.6 million effect on the fair value of the Company's investment portfolio. A 50 basis point increase would have an immaterial effect on the Company’s outstanding borrowings because of the relative size of the outstanding borrowings.

Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The consolidated financial statements and notes thereto required by this item begin on page F-1 of this report, as listed in Item 15.

Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures” that are designed with the objective of providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management is required to apply their judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Based on their evaluation, the Company’s CEO and CFO have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective as of December 31, 2018.

Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (“ICFR”) as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our ICFR is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our CEO and our CFO to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America. Management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our ICFR based on the framework established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based upon that evaluation, management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.

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The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting has also been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report included below.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations

Control systems, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control systems' objectives are being met. Further, the design of any control systems must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of all controls must be considered relative to their costs. Due to the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Control systems can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certifications

The certifications of our CEO and CFO required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have been filed as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 to this report.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of
Barrett Business Services, Inc.
Vancouver, Washington

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Barrett Business Services, Inc. (the “Company”) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, of the Company and our report dated March 5, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report over Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Portland, Oregon  

March 5, 2019

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Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the captions "Item 1-Election of Directors," "Stock Ownership by Principal Stockholders and Management--Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance," “Background and Experience of Executive Officers” and "Code of Ethics" in our definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report (the “Proxy Statement”).

Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the captions “Director Compensation for 2018” and “Executive Compensation” in the Proxy Statement.

Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the caption "Stock Ownership of Principal Stockholders and Management – Beneficial Ownership Table" and “Additional Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the Proxy Statement.

Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the caption "Item 1-Election of Directors" and "Related Person Transactions" in the Proxy Statement.

Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the information set forth under the caption "Matters Relating to Our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Proxy Statement.

- 33 -

PART IV

Item 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

Financial Statements and Schedules

The Financial Statements, together with the report thereon of Deloitte & Touche LLP, are included on the pages indicated below:

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – Deloitte & Touche LLP	F- 1
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of  December 31, 2018 and 2017	F-2
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	F-3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016	F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-7

No schedules are required to be filed herewith.

Exhibits

Exhibits are listed in the Exhibit Index that follows the signature page of this report.

Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

- 34 -

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of
Barrett Business Services, Inc.
Vancouver, Washington

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Barrett Business Services, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 5, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Portland, Oregon  

March 5, 2019

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016.

F-1

Barrett Business Services, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

December 31, 2018 and 2017

(In Thousands, Except Par Value)

	December 31,			December 31,
	2018			2017
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,371		$	59,835
Trade accounts receivable, net		151,597			136,664
Income taxes receivable		—			1,686
Prepaid expenses and other		13,880			5,724
Investments		416			674
Restricted cash and investments		120,409			103,652
Total current assets		321,673			308,235
Investments		1,687			1,199
Property, equipment and software, net		24,812			24,909
Restricted cash and investments		348,165			291,273
Goodwill		47,820			47,820
Other assets		3,474			3,215
Deferred income taxes		8,458			5,834
	$	756,089		$	682,485
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	221		$	221
Accounts payable		4,336			5,166
Accrued payroll, payroll taxes and related benefits		158,683			181,639
Income taxes payable		4,403			—
Other accrued liabilities		20,566			9,024
Workers' compensation claims liabilities		109,319			97,673
Safety incentives liability		29,210			28,532
Total current liabilities		326,738			322,255
Long-term workers' compensation claims liabilities		304,078			265,844
Long-term debt		3,951			4,171
Customer deposits and other long-term liabilities		2,285			1,381
Total liabilities		637,052			593,651
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 6, 8 and 12)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $.01 par value; 20,500 shares authorized, 7,395    and 7,301 shares issued and outstanding in 2018 and 2017, respectively		74			73
Additional paid-in capital		15,437			12,311
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(5,068	)		(1,430	)
Retained earnings		108,594			77,880
Total stockholders' equity		119,037			88,834
	$	756,089		$	682,485

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-2

Barrett Business Services, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

	Year Ended
	December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Revenues:
Professional employer service fees	$	793,399		$	758,046		$	673,924
Staffing services		147,299			162,386			166,662
Total revenues		940,698			920,432			840,586
Cost of revenues:
Direct payroll costs		111,443			122,533			126,753
Payroll taxes and benefits		407,003			404,687			357,867
Workers' compensation		235,579			234,681			210,430
Total cost of revenues		754,025			761,901			695,050
Gross margin		186,673			158,531			145,536
Selling, general and administrative expenses		145,465			123,138			113,342
Depreciation and amortization		4,219			5,452			3,253
Income from operations		36,989			29,941			28,941
Other income (expense):
Investment income, net		9,077			4,668			956
Interest expense		(1,052	)		(313	)		(807	)
Loss on litigation		—			—			(3,544	)
Other, net		(245	)		82			40
Other income (expense), net		7,780			4,437			(3,355	)
Income before income taxes		44,769			34,378			25,586
Provision for income taxes		6,707			9,208			6,787
Net income	$	38,062		$	25,170		$	18,799
Basic income per common share	$	5.18		$	3.46		$	2.60
Weighted average number of basic common shares outstanding		7,342			7,275			7,226
Diluted income per common share	$	4.98		$	3.33		$	2.55
Weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding		7,647			7,551			7,378

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-3

Barrett Business Services, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

(In Thousands)

	Year Ended
	December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Net income	$	38,062		$	25,170		$	18,799
Unrealized (losses)  gains on investments, net of tax of ($1,432), ($505),    and $19 in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively		(3,638	)		(1,427	)		28
Comprehensive income	$	34,424		$	23,743		$	18,827

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-4

Barrett Business Services, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

(In Thousands)

									Accumulated
									Other
						Additional			Comprehensive
	Common Stock					Paid-in			(Loss)			Retained
	Shares			Amount		Capital			Income			Earnings			Total
Balance, December 31, 2015		7,203		$	72	$	6,964		$	(31	)	$	47,546		$	54,551
Common stock issued on exercise of options    and vesting of restricted stock units		52			—		72			—			—			72
Common stock repurchased on vesting of    restricted stock units		(11	)		—		(433	)		—			—			(433	)
Share-based compensation expense		—			—		2,782			—			—			2,782
Excess tax benefits from share-based    compensation		—			—		253			—			—			253
Cash dividends on common stock ($.88 per    share)		—			—		—			—			(6,359	)		(6,359	)
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax		—			—		—			28			—			28
Net income		—			—		—			—			18,799			18,799
Balance, December 31, 2016		7,244		$	72	$	9,638		$	(3	)	$	59,986		$	69,693
Common stock issued on exercise of options    and vesting of restricted stock units		86			1		162			—			—			163
Common stock repurchased on vesting of    restricted stock units		(29	)		—		(1,673	)		—			—			(1,673	)
Share-based compensation expense		—			—		4,184			—			—			4,184
Cash dividends on common stock ($1.00 per    share)		—			—		—			—			(7,276	)		(7,276	)
Unrealized loss on investments, net of tax		—			—		—			(1,427	)		—			(1,427	)
Net income		—			—		—			—			25,170			25,170
Balance, December 31, 2017		7,301		$	73	$	12,311		$	(1,430	)	$	77,880		$	88,834
Common stock issued on exercise of options    and vesting of restricted stock units		126			1		576			—			—			577
Common stock repurchased on vesting of    restricted stock units		(32	)		—		(2,952	)		—			—			(2,952	)
Share-based compensation expense		—			—		5,502			—			—			5,502
Cash dividends on common stock ($1.00 per    share)		—			—		—			—			(7,348	)		(7,348	)
Unrealized loss on investments, net of tax		—			—		—			(3,638	)		—			(3,638	)
Net income		—			—		—			—			38,062			38,062
Balance, December 31, 2018		7,395		$	74	$	15,437		$	(5,068	)	$	108,594		$	119,037

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-5

Barrett Business Services, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

(In Thousands)

	Year Ended
	December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	38,062		$	25,170		$	18,799
Reconciliations of net income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		4,219			5,452			3,253
Losses (gains) recognized on investments		163			(51	)		(3	)
Losses recognized on sale of property		64			—			31
Deferred income taxes		(1,192	)		4,039			(1,704	)
Share-based compensation		5,502			4,184			2,782
Excess tax from share-based compensation		—			—			(253	)
Changes in certain operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable		(14,933	)		(10,180	)		(35,955	)
Income taxes receivable		1,686			(1,686	)		1,038
Prepaid expenses and other		(8,156	)		(1,825	)		(726	)
Accounts payable		(830	)		222			1,727
Accrued payroll, payroll taxes and related benefits		(21,863	)		28,529			31,767
Other accrued liabilities		12,550			1,350			1,508
Income taxes payable		4,403			(3,041	)		3,294
Workers' compensation claims liabilities		49,632			57,140			51,235
Safety incentives liability		678			3,697			3,582
Customer deposits, long-term liabilities and other assets, net		(201	)		(141	)		(68	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		69,784			112,859			80,307
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(5,679	)		(3,687	)		(7,106	)
Proceeds from sale of property		485			—			1,459
Purchase of investments		(1,946	)		(6,283	)		(264	)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments		1,885			10,718			4,796
Purchase of restricted investments		(108,739	)		(381,207	)		(28,072	)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of restricted investments		74,650			55,482			34,878
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(39,344	)		(324,977	)		5,691
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from credit-line borrowings		8,500			24,899			14,868
Payments on credit-line borrowings		(8,500	)		(24,899	)		(14,868	)
Payments on long-term debt		(220	)		(221	)		(15,220	)
Common stock repurchased on vesting of restricted stock units		(2,952	)		(1,673	)		(433	)
Dividends paid		(7,348	)		(7,276	)		(6,359	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		577			163			72
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation		—			—			253
Net cash used in financing activities		(9,943	)		(9,007	)		(21,687	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		20,497			(221,125	)		64,311
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		120,205			341,330			277,019
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	140,702		$	120,205		$	341,330

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-6

Barrett Business Services, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 - Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of operations

Barrett Business Services, Inc. (“BBSI” or the “Company”), is a leading provider of business management solutions for small and mid-sized companies. The Company has developed a management platform that integrates a knowledge-based approach from the management consulting industry with tools from the human resource outsourcing industry. This platform, through the effective leveraging of human capital, helps our business owner clients run their businesses more effectively.

We believe this platform, delivered through our decentralized organizational structure, differentiates BBSI from our competitors. The Company operates through a network of 62 branch offices throughout California, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Colorado, Idaho, Arizona, Maryland, North Carolina, Nevada, Delaware, Pennsylvania and Virginia. Approximately 79%, 79% and 78%, respectively, of our revenue during 2018, 2017, and 2016 was attributable to our California operations. BBSI was incorporated in Maryland in 1965.

The Company operates a wholly owned captive insurance company, Associated Insurance Company for Excess ("AICE"). AICE is a fully licensed captive insurance company holding a certificate of authority from the Arizona Department of Insurance. The purpose of AICE is twofold: (1) to provide access to more competitive and cost effective insurance markets and (2) to provide additional flexibility in cost effective risk management. AICE provides the Company with reinsurance coverage up to $5.0 million per occurrence, except in Maryland and Colorado, where our retention per occurrence is $1.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively. The Company maintains excess workers’ compensation insurance coverage with Chubb Limited (“Chubb”) between $5.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence, except in Maryland, where coverage with Chubb is between $1.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence, and in Colorado, where the coverage with Chubb is between $2.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence.

The Company also operates a fully licensed, wholly owned insurance company, Ecole Insurance Company (“Ecole”). Ecole is a fully licensed insurance company holding a certificate of authority from the Arizona Department of Insurance. Ecole provides workers’ compensation coverage to the Company’s employees working in Arizona and Utah.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying financial statements are prepared on a consolidated basis. All intercompany account balances and transactions between BBSI, AICE, and Ecole have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reportable segment

The Company has one operating and reporting segment. The chief operating decision maker (our Chief Executive Officer) regularly reviews the financial information of our business at a consolidated level in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

F-7

Revenue recognition

Professional employer (“PEO”) services are normally used by organizations to satisfy ongoing needs related to the management of human capital and are governed by the terms of a client services agreement which covers all employees at a particular work site. Staffing revenues relate primarily to short-term staffing, contract staffing and on-site management services. The Company’s performance obligations for PEO and staffing services are satisfied, and the related revenue is recognized, as services are rendered by our workforce.

Our PEO client service agreements have a minimum term of one year, are renewable on an annual basis and typically require 30 days’ written notice to cancel or terminate the contract by either party. In addition, our client service agreements provide for immediate termination upon any default of the client regardless of when notice is given. PEO customers are invoiced following the end of each payroll processing cycle, with payment generally due on the invoice date. Staffing customers are invoiced weekly based on agreed rates per employee and actual hours worked, typically with payment terms of 30 days. The amount of earned but unbilled revenue is classified as a receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

We report PEO revenues net of direct payroll costs because we are not the primary obligor for these payments to our clients’ employees. Direct payroll costs include salaries, wages, health insurance, and employee out-of-pocket expenses incurred incidental to employment. We also present revenue net of customer incentives, including safety incentives, because those incentives represent consideration payable to customers.

Cost of revenues

Our cost of revenues for PEO services includes employer payroll-related taxes and workers' compensation costs. Our cost of revenues for staffing services includes direct payroll costs, employer payroll-related taxes, employee benefits, and workers’ compensation costs. Direct payroll costs represent the gross payroll earned by staffing services employees based on salary or hourly wages. Payroll taxes and employee benefits consist of the employer's portion of Social Security and Medicare taxes, federal and state unemployment taxes, and staffing services employee reimbursements for materials, supplies and other expenses, which are paid by our customer. Workers' compensation costs consist primarily of claims reserves, claims administration fees, legal fees, medical cost containment (“MCC”) expense, state administrative agency fees, third-party broker commissions, risk manager payroll, premiums for excess insurance, and the fronted insurance program, as well as costs associated with operating our two wholly owned insurance companies, AICE and Ecole.

Cash and cash equivalents

We consider non-restricted short-term investments that are highly liquid, readily convertible into cash, and have maturities at acquisition of less than three months to be cash equivalents for purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows and consolidated balance sheets. The Company maintains cash balances in bank accounts that normally exceed FDIC insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to its cash concentration.

Investments

The Company classifies investments as available-for-sale. The Company’s investments are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, shown as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity.Investments are recorded as current and noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheets based on maturity date. Management considers available evidence in evaluating potential impairment of investments, including the duration and extent to which fair value is less than cost. Realized gains and losses on sales of investments are included in investment income in our consolidated statements of operations. In the event a loss is determined to be other-than-temporary, the loss will be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

F-8

Restricted cash and investments

The Company holds restricted cash and investments primarily for the future payment of workers’ compensation claims. These investments are categorized as available-for-sale. They are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, shown as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Restricted cash and investments are classified as current and noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheets based on the nature of the restriction. Management considers available evidence in evaluating potential impairment of restricted investments, including the duration and extent to which fair value is less than cost. Realized gains and losses on sales of restricted investments are included in investment income in our consolidated statements of operations. In the event a loss is determined to be other-than-temporary, the loss will be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Restricted cash and investments also includes investments held as part of the Company’s deferred compensation plan. These investments are classified as trading securities and are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of other income (expense), net.

Allowance for doubtful accounts

The Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $533,000 and $265,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We make estimates of the collectability of our accounts receivable for services provided to our customers. Management analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customers' payment trends when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. If the financial condition of our customers deteriorates resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

Our allowance for doubtful accounts activity is summarized as follows (in thousands):

	2018		2017			2016
Balance at January 1,
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	265	$	78		$	268
Charges to expense		268		192			(115	)
Write-offs of uncollectible accounts, net    of recoveries		—		(5	)		(75	)
Balance at December 31,
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	533	$	265		$	78

F-9

Income taxes

Our income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach. This requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities at the applicable tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded against deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization include the Company’s forecast of the reversal of temporary differences, future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets. Failure to achieve forecasted taxable income in applicable tax jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets and could result in an increase in the Company’s effective tax rate on future earnings.

The determination of our provision for income taxes requires significant judgment, the use of estimates, and the interpretation and application of complex tax laws. Significant judgment is required in assessing the timing and amounts of deductible and taxable items and the probability of sustaining uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions if it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on examination by the tax authorities. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As facts and circumstances change, we reassess these probabilities and record any changes in the consolidated financial statements as appropriate. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for a business combination and the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment annually, or more frequently if circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is below its carrying value. The Company has one reporting unit and evaluates the carrying value of goodwill annually at December 31. No impairment has been recognized in the periods presented.

Property, equipment and software

Property, equipment and software are stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to selling, general and administrative expenses as incurred and expenditures for additions and improvements are capitalized. The cost of assets sold or otherwise disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.

Depreciation of property, equipment and software is calculated using either straight-line or accelerated methods over estimated useful lives of the related assets or lease terms, as follows:

	Years
Buildings	39
Office furniture and fixtures	7
Computer hardware and software	3-10
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life

F-10

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, equipment and software and acquired intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the remaining estimated useful life may warrant revision or that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Some of the events or changes in circumstances that would trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant under-performance relative to expected and/or historical results, significant negative industry or economic trends, or knowledge of transactions involving the sale of similar property at amounts below the carrying value.

Assets are grouped for measurement of impairment at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets. If the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group, then an impairment charge is recognized to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the asset group’s fair value. In determining fair value, management considers current results, trends, future prospects, and other economic factors.

Leases

The Company leases office facilities and equipment under operating leases. For significant lease agreements that provide for escalating rent payments or free-rent occupancy periods, the Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable lease term. Deferred rent is included in other accrued liabilities and customer deposits and other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Workers’ compensation claims liabilities

Our workers’ compensation claims liabilities do not represent an exact calculation of liability but rather management’s best estimate, utilizing actuarial expertise and projection techniques, at a given reporting date. The estimated liability for open workers’ compensation claims is based on an evaluation of information provided by our third-party administrators for workers’ compensation claims, coupled with an actuarial estimate of future adverse loss development with respect to reported claims and incurred but not reported claims (together, “IBNR”). Workers’ compensation claims liabilities included case reserve estimates for reported losses, plus additional amounts for estimated IBNR claims, MCC and legal costs, and unallocated loss adjustment expenses. The estimate of incurred costs expected to be paid within one year is included in current liabilities, while the estimate of incurred costs expected to be paid beyond one year is included in long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. These estimates are reviewed at least quarterly and adjustments to estimated liabilities are reflected in current operating results as they become known.

The process of arriving at an estimate of unpaid claims and claims adjustment expense involves a high degree of judgment and is affected by both internal and external events, including changes in claims handling practices, changes in reserve estimation procedures, inflation, trends in the litigation and settlement of pending claims, and legislative changes.

Our estimates are based on informed judgment, derived from individual experience and expertise applied to multiple sets of data and analyses. We consider significant facts and circumstances known both at the time that loss reserves are initially established and as new facts and circumstances become known. Due to the inherent uncertainty underlying loss reserve estimates, the expenses incurred through final resolution of our liability for our workers’ compensation claims will likely vary from the related loss reserves at the reporting date. Therefore, as specific claims are paid out in the future, actual paid losses may be materially different from our current loss reserves.

F-11

A basic premise in most actuarial analyses is that historical data and past patterns demonstrated in the incurred and paid historical data form a reasonable basis upon which to project future outcomes, absent a material change. Significant structural changes to the available data can materially impact the reserve estimation process. To the extent a material change affecting the ultimate claim liability becomes known, such change is quantified to the extent possible through an analysis of internal Company data and, if available and when appropriate, external data. Nonetheless, actuaries exercise a considerable degree of judgment in the evaluation of these factors and the need for such actuarial judgment is more pronounced when faced with material uncertainties.

Customer incentives

We accrue for and present expected customer incentives as a reduction of revenue. Safety incentives represent cash incentives paid to certain PEO client companies for maintaining safe work practices and minimizing workplace injuries. The incentive is based on a percentage of annual payroll and is paid annually to customers who meet predetermined workers’ compensation claims cost objectives. Safety incentive payments are made only after closure of all workers' compensation claims incurred during the customer’s contract period. The safety incentive liability is estimated and accrued each month based upon contract year-to-date payroll and the then current amount of the customer’s estimated workers’ compensation claims reserves as established by us and our third party administrator. The Company provided $29.2 million and $28.5 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as an estimate of the liability for unpaid safety incentives. A one-time customer incentive of $9.8 million was declared in December of 2018, and is included in other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Customer deposits

We require deposits from certain PEO customers to cover a portion of our accounts receivable due from such customers in the event of default of payment.

Comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity during a period except those that resulted from investments by or distributions to the Company's stockholders.

Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are included in comprehensive income (loss), but excluded from net income (loss) as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to stockholders' equity. Our other comprehensive income (loss) comprises unrealized holding gains and losses on our available-for-sale investments.

Statements of cash flows

Interest paid in 2018, 2017, and 2016 did not materially differ from interest expense. Income taxes paid by the Company totaled $1.8 million, $9.9 million, and $4.2 million in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

Bank deposits and other cash equivalents that are restricted for use are classified as restricted cash. The table below reconciles the cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balances from our consolidated balance sheets to the amounts reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	December 31,		December 31,		December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,371	$	59,835	$	50,768
Restricted cash, included in restricted cash and investments		105,331		60,370		290,562
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the    statement of cash flows	$	140,702	$	120,205	$	341,330

F-12

Basic and diluted earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for each year using the treasury method. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential effects of the exercise of outstanding stock options and the issuance of stock associated with outstanding restricted stock units. Basic and diluted shares outstanding are summarized as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended
	December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Weighted average number of basic shares outstanding		7,342		7,275		7,226
Effect of dilutive securities		305		276		152
Weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding		7,647		7,551		7,378

Reclassifications

Due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash,” prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on the Company’s financial condition, operating results, cash flows or stockholders’ equity.

Accounting estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates are used for fair value measurement of investments, allowance for doubtful accounts, deferred income taxes, carrying values for goodwill and property and equipment, accrued workers' compensation liabilities, and customer incentive liabilities. Actual results may or may not differ from such estimates.

F-13

Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The core principle of the update is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The update also requires disclosure of sufficient information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. We have adopted ASU 2014-09 effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. We have determined that there are no material changes to our revenue recognition policies or to our consolidated financial statements as a result of adopting the standard.  

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases.” The core principle is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases, including operating leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous GAAP. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years. We expect the lease commitments discussed in “Note 8 - Commitments” to appear on our consolidated balance sheets in the form of a right of use asset and a lease liability. Such amounts are based on the present value of such commitments using our incremental borrowing rate. We plan to utilize the transition package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which among other things, allows us to carry forward the historical lease classification.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash.” The amendments in this update require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. We have retrospectively adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018. The Company’s balance of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents was $105.3million, $60.4 million and $290.6 million for the periods ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The adoption of the guidance also requires us to reconcile our cash balance on the consolidated statements of cash flows to the cash balance presented on the consolidated balance sheets. See “Statements of cash flows” within “Note 1 - Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies” for these disclosures.

F-14

Note 2 - Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, investments, restricted cash and investments, and trade accounts receivable. We limit investment of cash equivalents and investments to financial institutions with high credit ratings. Credit risk on trade accounts is minimized as a result of the large and diverse nature of our customer base.

At December 31, 2018, we had concentrations of credit risk as follows:

• $181.8 million, at fair value, in corporate bonds.

• $87.9 million, at fair value, in mortgage backed securities.

• $45.2 million, at fair value, in U.S. treasuries.

• $44.7 million, at fair value, in U.S. government agency securities.

Note 3 - Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

All of our financial instruments are recognized in our consolidated balance sheets. Carrying values approximate fair value of most financial assets and liabilities. Investments and restricted cash and investments are recorded at market value. The interest rates on our investments approximate current market rates for these types of investments.

In determining the fair value of our financial assets, the Company predominately uses the market approach. In determining the fair value of all its corporate bonds, mortgage backed securities, U.S. treasuries, U.S. government agency securities, supranational, mutual funds, money market funds, asset backed securities, and municipal bonds, the Company utilizes non-binding quotes provided by our investment brokers.

Factors used in determining the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities are summarized into three levels as established in the fair value hierarchy framework. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below.

Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include:

• Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

• Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

• Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability;

• Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

F-15

In determining the fair value measurement of our financial assets, the fair value measurement level within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level input and is applied to each financial asset. Valuation techniques are used to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The following table summarizes the Company’s investments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018							December 31, 2017
										Gross
			Gross							Unrealized
			Unrealized			Recorded				Gains			Recorded
	Cost		(Losses)			Basis		Cost		(Losses)			Basis
Current:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	30	$	—		$	30	$	121	$	—		$	121
U.S. treasuries		—		—			—		100		—			100
Total cash equivalents		30		—			30		221		—			221
Investments:
U.S. treasuries		347		—			347		199		—			199
U.S. government agency securities		50		(1	)		49		65		—			65
Corporate bonds		20		—			20		400		—			400
Municipal bonds		—		—			—		10		—			10
Certificates of deposit		—		—			—		—		—			—
Total current investments		417		(1	)		416		674		—			674
Long term:
Investments:
U.S. treasuries		794		(3	)		791		202		(2	)		200
Mortgage backed securities		484		(13	)		471		577		(5	)		572
Corporate bonds		422		(7	)		415		419		(2	)		417
Asset backed securities		10		—			10		10		—			10
Total long term investments		1,710		(23	)		1,687		1,208		(9	)		1,199
Restricted cash and investments (1):
Corporate bonds		185,116		(3,739	)		181,377		184,808		(953	)		183,855
Mortgage backed securities		89,426		(2,026	)		87,400		86,240		(595	)		85,645
U.S. government agency securities		45,548		(908	)		44,640		38,168		(222	)		37,946
U.S. treasuries		44,304		(283	)		44,021		45,833		(143	)		45,690
Supranational		4,765		(24	)		4,741		—		—			—
Mutual funds		1,093		—			1,093		—		—			—
Money market funds		419		—			419		16,018		—			16,018
Asset backed securities		75		(1	)		74		—		—			—
Municipal bonds		50		—			50		472		(14	)		458
Commercial paper		—		—			—		18,973		—			18,973
Total restricted cash and investments		370,796		(6,981	)		363,815		390,512		(1,927	)		388,585
Total investments	$	372,953	$	(7,005	)	$	365,948	$	392,615	$	(1,936	)	$	390,679

(1) Included in restricted cash and investments within the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 is restricted cash of $104.5 million and $6.3 million, respectively, which is excluded from the table above. Restricted cash and investments are classified as current and noncurrent on the balance sheet based on the nature of the restriction.

F-16

The following table summarizes the Company's investments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 measured at fair value on a recurring basis by fair value hierarchy level (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018										December 31, 2017
	Total										Total
	Recorded										Recorded
	Basis		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Other (1)		Basis		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Other (1)
Cash equivalents:
Money market    funds	$	30	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	30	$	121	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	121
U.S. treasuries		—		—		—		—		—		100		—		100		—
Investments:
U.S. treasuries		1,138		—		1,138		—		—		399		—		399		—		—
Mortgage backed    securities		471		—		471		—		—		572		—		572		—		—
Corporate bonds		435		—		435		—		—		817		—		817		—		—
U.S. government    agency securities		49		—		49		—		—		65		—		65		—		—
Asset backed securities		10		—		10		—		—		10		—		10		—		—
Municipal bonds		—		—		—		—		—		10		—		10		—		—
Restricted cash and investments:
Corporate bonds		181,377		—		181,377		—		—		183,855		—		183,855		—		—
Mortgage backed    securities		87,400		—		87,400		—		—		85,645		—		85,645		—		—
U.S. government    agency securities		44,640		—		44,640		—		—		37,946		—		37,946		—		—
U.S. treasuries		44,021		—		44,021		—		—		45,690		—		45,690		—		—
Supranational		4,741		—		4,741		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Mutual funds		1,093		1,093		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Money market    funds		419		—		—		—		419		16,018		—		—		—		16,018
Asset backed securities		74		—		74		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Municipal bonds		50		—		50		—		—		458		—		458		—		—
Commercial paper		—		—		—		—		—		18,973		—		18,973		—		—
Total investments	$	365,948	$	1,093	$	364,406	$	—	$	449	$	390,679	$	—	$	374,540	$	—	$	16,139

(1) Investments in money market funds measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient are not subject to hierarchy level classification disclosure. The Company invests in money market funds that seek to maintain a stable net asset value. These investments include commingled funds that comprise high-quality short-term securities representing liquid debt and monetary instruments where the redemption value is likely to be the fair value. Redemption is permitted daily without written notice.

F-17

The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of the Company’s available for sale securities at December 31, 2018 and 2017. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with our without prepayment penalties.

	December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Less than 1 Year		Between 1 to 5 Years		Between 5 to 10 Years		After 10 Years		Total
Corporate bonds	$	14,183	$	144,894	$	22,735	$	—	$	181,812
U.S. treasuries		4,919		40,240		—		—		45,159
U.S. government agency securities		4,788		7,031		32,870		—		44,689
Supranational		—		4,741		—		—		4,741
Money market funds		449		—		—		—		449
Asset backed securities		—		84		—		—		84
Municipal bonds		50		—		—		—		50
Total	$	24,389	$	196,990	$	55,605	$	—	$	276,984
	December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Less than 1 Year		Between 1 to 5 Years		Between 5 to 10 Years		After 10 Years		Total
Corporate bonds	$	5,426	$	153,567	$	19,102	$	6,577	$	184,672
U.S. treasuries		32,466		13,723		—		—		46,189
U.S. government agency securities		65		4,355		33,591		—		38,011
Commercial Paper		18,973		—		—		—		18,973
Money market funds		16,139		—		—		—		16,139
Municipal bonds		468		—		—		—		468
Asset backed securities		—		10		—		—		10
Total	$	73,537	$	171,655	$	52,693	$	6,577	$	304,462

The average contractual maturities of mortgage backed securities was 17 years and 16 years as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

F-18

Note 4 - Property, Equipment and Software

Property, equipment and software consist of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2018			2017
Buildings	$	16,501		$	15,431
Office furniture and fixtures		11,809			10,303
Computer hardware and software		16,484			15,056
Other		178			1,129
		44,972			41,919
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(21,650	)		(18,500	)
		23,322			23,419
Land		1,490			1,490
	$	24,812		$	24,909

Note 5 - Workers' Compensation Claims

The following table summarizes the aggregate workers' compensation reserve activity (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Beginning balance
Workers' compensation claims liabilities	$	363,517		$	312,537		$	255,675
Add: claims expense accrual
Current period		162,525			154,091			137,852
Prior periods		(3,846	)		5,159			(301	)
		158,679			159,250			137,551
Less: claim payments related to
Current period		23,444			19,537			20,180
Prior periods		85,603			82,573			69,626
		109,047			102,110			89,806
Add: change in claims incurred in excess of       retention limits		248			(6,160	)		9,117
Ending balance
Workers' compensation claims liabilities	$	413,397		$	363,517		$	312,537
Incurred but not reported (IBNR)	$	260,529		$	202,227		$	158,169
Ratio of IBNR to workers' compensation claims    liabilities		63	%		56	%		51	%

The Company is a self-insured employer with respect to workers' compensation coverage for all of its employees (including employees co-employed through our client service agreements) working in Colorado, Maryland and Oregon. In the state of Washington, state law allows only the Company's staffing services and internal management employees to be covered under the Company's self-insured workers' compensation program.

The Company obtains policies from Chubb for all clients in California, Delaware, Virginia, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, New Jersey, West Virginia, Idaho, Nevada and the District of Columbia. The arrangement with Chubb, known as a fronted program, provides BBSI a licensed, admitted insurance carrier to issue policies on behalf of BBSI. The risk of loss up to the first $5.0 million per occurrence is retained by BBSI through various agreements. Chubb assumes credit risk should BBSI be unable to satisfy its indemnification obligations.

F-19

The Company’s wholly owned, fully licensed captive insurance company incorporated in Arizona, Associated Insurance Company for Excess (“AICE”), provides reinsurance coverage up to $5.0 million per occurrence, except in Maryland and Colorado, where our retention per occurrence is $1.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively. The Company maintains excess workers’ compensation insurance coverage with Chubb between $5.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence, except in Maryland, where coverage with Chubb is between $1.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence, and in Colorado, where the coverage with Chubb is between $2.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence.

The Company also operates a wholly owned, fully licensed insurance company, Ecole, which provides workers’ compensation coverage to the Company’s employees working in Arizona and Utah. The Company maintains additional reinsurance coverage for Ecole with Chubb Limited (“Chubb”), for losses above $5.0 million per occurrence.

TheCompany restructured its fronted program with Chubb effective July 1, 2018. The new agreement maintains retention levels of $5.0 million per occurrence but now requires that collateral be advanced at the inception of the policy term. To partially satisfy these additional collateral requirements, the Company provided a surety bond of $30.0 million and a letter of credit of $63.7 million from its principal bank, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (the “Bank”).

As part of its fronted workers’ compensation insurance program with Chubb, the Company makes monthly payments into trust accounts (the “Chubb trust accounts”) to be used for the payment of future claims. The balance in the Chubb trust accounts was $451.0 million and $380.6 million at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Chubb trust accounts’ balances are included as a component of the current and long-term restricted cash and investments on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The states of California, Maryland, Oregon, Washington, Colorado and Delaware required us to maintain specified investment balances or other financial instruments totaling $85.2 million and $96.8 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, to cover potential workers’ compensation claims losses related to the Company’s current and former status as a self-insured employer. At December 31, 2018, the Company provided surety bonds and standby letters of credit totaling $85.2 million, including a California requirement of $70.6 million.

The Company provided a total of $413.4 million and $363.5 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as an estimated future liability for unsettled workers' compensation claims liabilities. Of this amount, $3.2 million and $3.0 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, represent case reserves incurred in excess of the Company’s retention. The accrual for costs incurred in excess of retention limits is offset by a receivable from excess insurance carriers of $3.2 million and $3.0 million at   December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

F-20

Note 6 - Revolving Credit Facility and Long-Term Debt

The Company maintains a credit agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Bank. The Agreement provides a revolving credit line in the amount of $28.0 million effective July 1, 2018 and expires on July 1, 2020. The Agreement also provides a $7.5 million sublimit for standby letters of credit effective July 1, 2018. Of the $7.5 million sublimit for standby letters of credit, $5.9 million was used at December 31, 2018.

Advances under the revolving credit line bear interest, as selected by the Company, of (a) the daily floating rate of one month LIBOR plus 1.75% or (b) the fixed rate of LIBOR plus 1.75%. The Agreement also provides for an unused commitment fee of 0.375% per year on the average daily unused amount of the revolving credit line, as well as a fee of 1.75% of the face amount of each letter of credit reserved under the line of credit and 0.95% on standalone, fully secured letters of credit. The Company had no outstanding borrowings on its revolving credit line at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

The credit facility is collateralized by the Company’s accounts receivable and other rights to receive payment.

In June 2018, as part of the Company’s workers’ compensation insurance program restructure with Chubb, the Agreement was amended to provide for a $63.7 million standby letter of credit (the “Chubb Letter of Credit”). The Chubb Letter of Credit has an expiration date of July 1, 2019, subject to automatic renewal in specified circumstances.

In connection with the Chubb Letter of Credit, the Bank has been granted a security interest of first priority in certain blocked securities accounts (collectively, the “Collateral Accounts”). The Company has agreed to deposit in the Collateral Accounts 50% of the Company’s consolidated net income (after tax and less cash dividends) for each quarter plus, to the extent necessary, an additional amount by May 31 each year so that the deposits in the Collateral Accounts for the prior year total at least $16 million.

The initial fee payable under the Chubb Letter of Credit was equal to 2.5% of the face amount thereof. Upon annual renewal, the fees payable to the Bank quarterly in advance include (a) a fee at the annual rate of 2.5%, calculated based on the difference between the face amount of the Chubb Letter of Credit and 95% of the aggregate value of the Collateral Accounts as of the end of the previous quarter, (b) a fee at the annual rate of 1.25% calculated based on the balance of the face amount, and (c) other fees upon the payment or negotiation of each drawing under the Chubb Letter of Credit.

The Agreement requires the satisfaction of certain financial covenants as follows:

• EBITDA  [net income before taxes plus interest expense (net of capitalized interest expense), depreciation expense, and amortization expense] on a rolling four-quarter basis of not less than $30 million at the end of each fiscal quarter;

• ratio of restricted and unrestricted cash and investments to workers’ compensation and safety incentive liabilities of at least 1.0:1.0, measured quarterly; and

• total workers’ compensation liabilities of not less than the estimate of required reserves reflected in the third-party actuarial report issued to the Company quarterly.

The Agreement includes certain additional restrictions as follows:

• incurring additional indebtedness is prohibited without the prior approval of the Bank, other than purchase financing (including capital leases) for the acquisition of assets, provided that the aggregate of all purchase financing does not exceed $1,000,000 at any time;

• the Company may not declare or pay any dividend in excess of $0.25 per share in total each fiscal quarter, subject to increase by no more than 10% each year beginning June 30, 2019, compared to the prior fiscal year;

• the Company may not redeem, repurchase, or otherwise acquire any outstanding shares of its common stock; and

• the Company may not terminate or cancel any of the AICE policies without the Bank’s prior written consent.

F-21

The Agreementas amended in late June 2018 added an event of default as follows:

• specified cross-defaults under the Company's workers' compensation insurance arrangements.

The Agreement also contains customary events of default. If an event of default under the Agreement occurs and is continuing, the Bank may declare any outstanding obligations under the Agreement to be immediately due and payable. At December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

The Company maintains a mortgage loan with the Bank with a balance of approximately $4.2 million and $4.4 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, secured by the Company’s corporate office building in Vancouver, Washington. This loan requires payment of monthly installments of $18,375, bearing interest at the one month LIBOR plus 2.0%, with the unpaid principal balance due July 1, 2022.

Note 7 – Benefit Plans

We have a 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan for the benefit of our eligible employees. Employees covered under a PEO arrangement may participate in the plan at the sole discretion of the PEO client. We make matching contributions to the 401(k) plan under a safe harbor provision. The determination of any discretionary Company contributions to the plan is at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors. No discretionary Company contributions were made to the plan for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

The Company allows certain highly compensated employees of the Company to defer compensation under a nonqualified deferred compensation plan. Deferred compensation plan liability was $1.1 million and $87,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is classified as non-current in customer deposits and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Note 8 - Commitments

Our operating lease agreements require minimum annual payments as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending
December 31,
2019	$	7,135
2020		6,198
2021		5,673
2022		4,125
2023		2,642
Thereafter		1,474
	$	27,247

Lease expense was approximately $7.9 million, $4.9 million, and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

F-22

Note 9 - Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code and resulting in the reduction in the U.S. statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. During 2018, we finalized certain tax positions when we filed our 2017 federal tax return, and determined that no material adjustments were necessary.

The provision for income taxes from operations is as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Current:
Federal	$	7,412		$	5,080		$	6,442
State		408			89			2,030
		7,820			5,169			8,472
Deferred:
Federal		(824	)		6,310			85
State		(289	)		(2,271	)		(1,770	)
		(1,113	)		4,039			(1,685	)
Total provision	$	6,707		$	9,208		$	6,787

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following components (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2018			2017
Deferred income tax assets:
Workers' compensation claims liabilities	$	9,261		$	8,124
MCC accrual		2,234			3,390
Customer incentives		2,718			—
Deferred compensation		1,541			1,040
Equity based compensation		994			811
Tax effect of unrealized losses, net		1,966			523
Alternative minimum tax credit carryforward		—			1,815
State credit carryforward		988			988
State loss carryforward		2,396			2,715
Other		1,703			354
		23,801			19,760
Less valuation allowance		264			264
		23,537			19,496
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Tax depreciation in excess of book depreciation		(4,258	)		(3,220	)
Tax amortization of goodwill		(9,948	)		(9,558	)
Other		(873	)		(884	)
		(15,079	)		(13,662	)
Net deferred income tax assets	$	8,458		$	5,834

F-23

The effective tax rate for operations differed from the U.S. statutory federal tax rate due to the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018				2017				2016
Statutory federal tax rate		21.0		%		35.0		%		35.0		%
State taxes, net of federal benefit		0.3				(4.0	)			1.1
Adjustment for final positions on filed returns		(1.1	)			(1.1	)			0.2
Nondeductible expenses and other, net		1.2				1.5				1.8
Federal and state tax credits		(6.4	)			(7.7	)			(11.6	)
Change in federal tax rate		—				3.2				—
Other, net		—				(0.1	)			—
		15.0		%		26.8		%		26.5		%

The realization of a significant portion of net deferred tax assets is based in part on our estimates of the timing of reversals of certain temporary differences and on the generation of taxable income before such reversals.

Under ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” management evaluates the realizability of the deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis under a “more-likely than not” standard. As part of this evaluation, management reviews all evidence both positive and negative to determine if a valuation allowance is needed. One component of this analysis is to determine whether the Company was in a cumulative loss position for the most recent 12 quarters. The Company was in a cumulative income position for the 12 quarters ended at both December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The Company is subject to income taxes in U.S. federal and multiple state and local tax jurisdictions. The Internal Revenue Service is examining the Company’s federal tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. In the major jurisdictions where it operates, the Company is generally no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2011. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits.

A portion of the consolidated income the Company generates is not subject to state income tax. Depending on the percentage of this income as compared to total consolidated income, the Company's state effective rate could fluctuate from expectations.

At December 31, 2018, the Company had state net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $35.1 million, which begin to expire in tax years ending on or after December 31, 2025, unless utilized. At December 31, 2018, the Company did not have a federal general business tax credit carry forward or an alternative minimum tax credit carry forward.

Note 10 - Stock Incentive Plans

The Company's 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2015 Plan"), which provides for share-based awards to Company employees, non-employee directors and outside consultants or advisors, was approved by stockholders on May 27, 2015.  The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan is 1,000,000, of which the maximum number of shares for which incentive stock options may be granted is 900,000.  The 2015 Plan replaced the Company’s 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”), and no new share-based awards may be granted under the 2009 Plan. The number of shares available for grant at December 31, 2018 is 506,295. Outstanding option awards under all the plans generally expire ten years after the date of grant.

Share-based compensation expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, was $5.5 million, $4.2 million and $2.8 million, respectively. Related income tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, were $1.5 million, $1.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

F-24

Stock Options

Stock options are generally exercisable in four equal annual installments beginning one year following the date of grant.

A summary of the status of the Company’s stock options at December 31, 2018, together with changes during the periods then ended, is presented below:

						Weighted
				Weighted		Average		Aggregate
				Average		Remaining		Intrinsic
	Number			Exercise		Contractual		Value
	of Options			Price		Term (Years)		(In Thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		292,400		$	17.99		—		—
Options granted at market price		120,000			82.21		—		—
Options exercised		(40,140	)		14.39		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		372,260			39.08		4.86		9,759
Exercisable at December 31, 2018		219,135			17.73		2.56	$	8,661

The fair value of stock option awards as determined under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model was estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	2018			2016
Expected volatility		42.2	%		55.2		%
Risk free interest rate		2.7	%		1.2		%
Expected dividend yield		1.2	%		2.2		%
Expected term		8.3 years			6.2 years
Weighted average fair value per share	$	36.41		$		17.10

The weighted average fair value of stock options granted for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2016 was $36.41 and $17.10, respectively. There were no stock options granted with an exercise price below market price during 2018 and 2016.No stock options were granted during 2017.

The intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $2.5 million, $479,000 and $113,000, respectively. The fair value of stock options vested for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $312,000, $328,000 and $319,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options was $4.3 million with a weighted average remaining amortization period of 7.1 years.

F-25

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units generally vest in four equal annual installments beginning one year following the date of grant.

The following table presents restricted stock unit activity:

				Weighted Average
				Grant Date
	Units			Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2017		234,383		$	47.26
Granted		55,352			96.31
Vested		(53,938	)		46.56
Cancelled/Forfeited		(31,943	)		46.20
Nonvested at December 31, 2018		203,854		$	60.93

The total fair value of restricted stock units vested during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $4.0 million, $3.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock units was $10.1 million with a weighted average remaining amortization period of 2.6 years.

Performance Share Units

Performance share units (“PSUs”) are granted to key employees of the Company and are conditioned on attaining specified financial performance metrics.

PSUs fully vest on the date that the Compensation Committee determines the level of attainment of specified performance goals, generally over a three year period. Awards are subject to upward or downward adjustments depending on whether the actual financial metrics are above or below the target level, with a maximum payout up to 200% of a target number of awards.

As of December 31, 2018, the PSUs granted in 2018, 2017 and 2016 have yet to vest.

The total compensation expense recognized for the PSUs granted in 2018, 2017 and 2016 is immaterial and included within total share-based compensation expense in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Note 11 - Stock Repurchase Program

The Company maintains a stock repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors, which authorizes the repurchase of shares from time to time in open market purchases. The repurchase program currently allows for the repurchase of approximately 1.1 million additional shares as of December 31, 2018. No share repurchases were made under the repurchase program during 2018 and 2017. See “Note 6. Revolving Credit Facility and Long-Term Debt” for related restrictions.  

Note 12 - Litigation

BBSI received a subpoena from the San Francisco office of the Division of Enforcement of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in April 2016 in connection with the SEC’s inquiry into reported errors in our financial statements. The Company previously received a subpoena from the SEC in May 2015 in connection with the SEC’s investigation of the Company’s accounting policies with regard to its workers’ compensation reserves.During the third quarter of 2018, BBSI reached an agreement with the Division of Enforcement staff for a full resolution of this matter. The settlement agreement included a civil penalty in the amount of $1.5 million, which was paid in September 2018.

In June 2016, BBSI was advised by the United States Department of Justice that it had commenced an investigation. In September of 2018 the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Washington announced criminal charges against BBSI’s prior CFO. This is an action solely against the prior CFO, and the Company continues to cooperate with the investigation.

F-26

On June 17, 2015, Daniel Salinas (“Salinas”) filed a shareholder derivative lawsuit against BBSI and certain of its officers and directors in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland.  On December 31, 2018, the court issued an order to dismiss the action for lack of personal jurisdiction over the officers and directors named in the suit.

On November 21, 2012, David Kaanaana (“Kaanaana”), a former staffing employee, filed a California wage and hour violations lawsuit against BBSI. On May 19, 2016, the court entered a ruling in favor of BBSI, which was subsequently appealed by the plaintiffs. On November 30, 2018, the California Court of Appeal for the Second Appellate District returned its decision in Kaanaana v. Barrett Business Services, Inc., overruling the trial court's decision to dismiss plaintiffs' claims and holding that prevailing wage requirements applicable to “public works” apply to certain types of districts. On January 9, 2019, BBSI filed a petition of review to the California Supreme Court. An amicus letter in support of the petition was filed by the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, joined in by numerous other "special districts" in California. On February 27, 2019, the California Supreme Court granted the petition to review the appellate court’s decision.

BBSI is subject to other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business. The Company has accrued $2.9 million related to legal actions, including those described above. Given the status of appeals, management is unable to estimate a potential range of loss arising from these actions.

Note 13 - Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Quarter Ended
	March 31			June 30		September 30		December 31
Year ended December 31, 2018
Revenues	$	223,975		$	231,603	$	247,287	$	237,832
Cost of revenues		207,713			183,123		187,602		175,588
Gross margin		16,262			48,480		59,685		62,244
Net (loss) income		(9,123	)		11,240		19,087		16,856
Basic (loss) income per common share		(1.25	)		1.54		2.59		2.28
Diluted (loss) income per common share		(1.25	)		1.46		2.50		2.21
Year ended December 31, 2017
Revenues	$	209,997		$	225,574	$	240,135	$	244,726
Cost of revenues		199,547			181,360		185,218		195,776
Gross margin		10,450			44,214		54,917		48,950
Net (loss) income		(11,227	)		11,126		14,785		10,486
Basic (loss) income per common share		(1.55	)		1.53		2.03		1.44
Diluted (loss) income per common share		(1.55	)		1.47		1.96		1.38

Note 14 - Subsequent Events

We have evaluated events and transactions occurring after the balance sheet date through our filing date and noted no events that are subject to recognition or disclosure.

F-27

EXHIBIT INDEX**

3.1 Charter of the Registrant, as amended, through May 31, 2018. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 (the "2018 Second Quarter 10-Q").

3.2 Bylaws of the Registrant, as amended through May 31, 2018. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the 2018 Second Quarter 10‑Q.

4.1 Amended and Restated Standby Letter of Credit Agreement dated as of June 20, 2018, between the Registrant and Wells Fargo. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the 2018 Second Quarter 10‑Q.

4.2 Amended and Restated Credit Agreement between the Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, dated as of June 30, 2017. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 (the "2017 Second Quarter 10-Q").

4.3 Second Amendment, dated as of June 20, 2018, to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of June 30, 2017 (the "Credit Agreement"), between the Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. ("Wells Fargo")  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 27, 2018.

4.4 Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement between the Registrant and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, dated as of July 1, 2018. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the 2018 Second Quarter 10‑Q.

4.5 Security Agreement: Specific Rights to Payment dated as of June 14, 2013, between the Registrant and Wells Fargo.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2013.

4.6 Second Amended and Restated Third Party Security Agreement: Specific Rights to Payment dated as of December 29, 2014, between Associated Insurance Company for Excess (“AICE”) and Wells Fargo.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

4.7 First Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Third Party Security Agreement: Specific Rights to Payment dated as of August 27, 2015, between AICE and Wells Fargo. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 (the “2016 First Quarter 10-Q”).

4.8 Second Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Third Party Security Agreement: Specific Rights to Payment dated as of December 30, 2015, between AICE and Wells Fargo. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the 2016 First Quarter 10-Q.

4.9 Third Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Third Party Security Agreement: Specific Rights to Payment dated as of April 15, 2016, between AICE and Wells Fargo. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016.

4.10 Second Amended and Restated Revolving Line of Credit Note dated July 1, 2018 of the Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the 2018 Second Quarter 10‑Q.

4.11 Amended and Restated Term Note 1 dated June 30, 2017, of the Registrant. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the 2017 Second Quarter 10-Q.

4.12 Amended and Restated Security Agreement: Business Assets, dated as of June 20, 2018, between the Registrant and Wells Fargo. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the 2018 Second Quarter 10‑Q.

4.13 Third Party Security Agreement: Business Assets, dated as of June 20, 2018, between Associated Insurance Company for Excess, a subsidiary of the Registrant, and Wells Fargo. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the 2018 Second Quarter 10‑Q.

10.1 Second Amended and Restated 1993 Stock Incentive Plan of the Registrant.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001.*

10.2 2003 Stock Incentive Plan of the Registrant (the "2003 Plan").  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2003.*

10.3 2009 Stock Incentive Plan of the Registrant (the “2009 Plan”).  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2009.*

10.4 2015 Stock Incentive Plan of the Registrant (the "2015 Plan").  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8‑K filed on June 2, 2015.*

10.5 Form of Performance Share Award Agreement for Executive Officers for awards granted under the 2015 Plan in 2016. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 (the “2016 Third Quarter 10-Q”).*

10.6 Form of Performance Share Award Agreement for Executive Officers for awards granted beginning in 2017 under the 2015 Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the 2017 Second Quarter 10-Q.*

10.7 Amendment to each outstanding Performance Share Award Agreement for Executive Officers effective August 7, 2017. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the 2017 Second Quarter 10-Q.*

10.8 Form of Performance Share Award Agreement for Executive Officers for awards granted beginning in 2018 under the 2015 Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 2018 Second Quarter 10‑Q.*

10.9 Form of Employee Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2009 Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 (the “2010 First Quarter 10-Q”).*

10.10 Form of Non-Employee Director Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2009 Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the 2010 First Quarter 10-Q.*

10.11 Form of Employee Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2009 Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 (the “2011 First Quarter 10-Q”).*

10.12 Form of Non-Employee Director Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2009 Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the 2011 First Quarter 10-Q.*

10.13 Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement between the Registrant and Thomas J. Carley dated July 1, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the 2016 Third Quarter 10-Q.*

10.14 Form of Employee Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement for grants to Gerald R. Blotz, Heather E. Gould and Gary E. Kramer effective March 28, 2018, under the 2015 Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the 2018 Second Quarter 10‑Q.*

10.15 Form of Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2009 Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 2010 First Quarter 10-Q.*

10.16 Form of Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement under the 2009 Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 2011 First Quarter 10-Q.*

10.17 Form of Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement relating to February 2, 2015, grants under the 2009 Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 (the “2015 10-K”).*

10.18 Form of Employee Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement for Executive Officers under the 2015 Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2015 (the "2015 Second Quarter 10-Q").*

10.19 Form of Employee Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement for Executive Officers for awards granted during 2016 under the 2015 Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the 2016 Third Quarter 10-Q.*

10.20 Form of Employee Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement for Executive Officers for awards granted beginning in 2017 under the 2015 Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the 2017 Second Quarter 10-Q.*

10.21 Amendment to each outstanding Employee Restricted Stock Units, Award Agreement for Executive Officers effective August 7, 2017. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the 2017 Second Quarter 10-Q.*

10.22 Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement for Executive Officers for awards granted beginning in 2018 under the 2015 Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the 2018 Second Quarter 10‑Q.*

10.23 Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement under the 2015 Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the 2015 Second Quarter 10‑Q.*

10.24 Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement for awards granted during 2016 under the 2015 Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the 2016 Third Quarter 10-Q.*

10.25 Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement for awards granted in 2017 under the 2015 Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the 2017 Second Quarter 10-Q.*

10.26 Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement for Non-Employee Directors for awards granted in 2018 under the 2015 Plan.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the 2018 Second Quarter 10‑Q.*

10.27 Summary of compensatory arrangements for non-employee directors of the Registrant effective July 1, 2017. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the 2017 Second Quarter 10-Q.*

10.28 Barrett Business Services, Inc., Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the 2017 Second Quarter 10-Q.*

10.29 Form of Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement under Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.*

10.30 Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Michael L. Elich, dated September 25, 2001.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-2 (Registration No. 333-126496) filed July 11, 2005.*

10.31 Change in Control Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Michael L. Elich, dated April 12, 2011.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the 2011 First Quarter 10-Q.*

10.32 Change in Control Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Gregory R. Vaughn, dated April 12, 2011.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the 2011 First Quarter 10-Q.*

10.33 Change in Control Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Gerald R. Blotz, dated June 16, 2015.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the 2015 Second Quarter 10‑Q.*

10.34 Change in Control Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Gary E. Kramer, dated August 19, 2016. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 2016 Third Quarter 10-Q.*

10.35 Change in Control Employment Agreement between the Registrant and Heather E. Gould, dated May 31, 2017. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 2017 Second Quarter 10-Q.*

10.36 Form of Indemnification Agreement with each outside director of Barrett Business Services, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the 2016 10-K.*

10.37 Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and each of Michael Elich, James Miller and Gregory Vaughn effective in September 2015.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the 2015 10-K.*

10.38 Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and Michael Elich dated as of November 19, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the 2015 10-K.*

10.39 Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and James D. Miller dated as of November 19, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the 2015 10-K.*

10.40 Death Benefit Agreement entered into by the Registrant and Michael L. Elich effective January 1, 2014.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (the “2013 10-K”).*

10.41 Death Benefit Agreement entered into by the Registrant and Gregory R. Vaughn effective January 1, 2014.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the 2013 10-K.*

10.42 Death Benefit Agreement entered into by the Registrant and Gerald L. Blotz effective July 17, 2015. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the 2015 10-K.*

10.43 Death Benefit Agreement entered into by the Registrant and Gary E. Kramer effective March 15, 2017. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.*

10.44 Death Benefit Agreement entered into by the Registrant and Heather Gould effective October 30, 2017.  Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.44 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2017.*

10.45 Barrett Business Services, Inc. Amended and Restated Annual Cash Incentive Award Plan.*

21. Subsidiaries of the Registrant.

23.1 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).

31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a).

32. Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

99.1 Description of the Registrant's capital stock. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the 2018 Second Quarter 10‑Q.

101. INS XBRL Instance Document

101. SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101. CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101. DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101. LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101. PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Denotes a management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement.

** Except as otherwise indicated, the SEC File Number for all exhibits is 000-21866.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	BARRETT BUSINESS SERVICES, INC.
	Registrant
Date:  March 5, 2019	By:	/s/ Gary E. Kramer
		Gary E. Kramer Vice President-Finance, Treasurer and Secretary

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 5th day of March, 2019.

Principal Executive Officer and Director:
/s/ Michael L. Elich	President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
Michael L. Elich
Principal Financial and Accounting Officer:
/s/ Gary E. Kramer	Vice President-Finance, Treasurer and Secretary
Gary E. Kramer
Majority of Directors:
/s/ Thomas J. Carley	Director
Thomas J. Carley
/s/ Thomas B. Cusick	Director
Thomas B. Cusick
/s/ James B. Hicks	Director
James B. Hicks, Ph.D.
/s/ Jon L. Justesen	Director
Jon L. Justesen
/s/ Anthony Meeker	Chairman of the Board and Director
Anthony Meeker
/s/ Vincent P. Price	Director
Vincent P. Price

EX-10.45

EXHIBIT 10.45

BARRETT BUSINESS SERVICES, INC.

AMENDED AND RESTATED

ANNUAL CASH INCENTIVE AWARD PLAN

THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED ANNUAL CASH INCENTIVE AWARD PLAN (the "Plan") was initially adopted by Barrett Business Services, Inc., a Maryland corporation ("Corporation"), effective March 7, 2014, and amended and restated effective February 25, 2019, for awards made in 2019 and thereafter.  Capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings set forth in Section 6.

SECTION 1.
PURPOSE

The purpose of the Plan is to attract and retain capable executives, to motivate selected key employees of the Corporation to attain and maintain high standards of performance, and to encourage executives to achieve specific business goals established by the Corporation.

SECTION 2.ELIGIBILITY

Any key executive of the Corporation who is designated by the Committee as being eligible to participate in the Plan will be eligible to participate in the Plan.

SECTION 3.
INCENTIVE AWARDS

3.1Target Award.  Each Award opportunity will specify a targeted incentive opportunity (the "Target Award") expressed either as a dollar amount or as a percentage of a Participant's regular annualized base salary.

3.2Incentive Awards.  The amount paid for each Award will be equal to the product of the Total Success Percentage for the Participant for the Plan Year multiplied by the Participant’s Target Award for the Plan Year.  However, in no event may a Participant's Award payment for a Plan Year exceed the lesser of (i) 200 percent of the Participant's Target Award, or (ii) $2,000,000.

3.3Performance Goals.  The Committee may establish performance Goal(s) applicable to each Award.  

3.4Weighting of Goals.  Each Goal will be weighted with a Weighting Percentage so that the total Weighting Percentages for all Goals used to determine a Participant's Award is 100 percent.

3.5Achievement Percentage.  Each Goal will also specify the Achievement Percentages (ranging from 0 to 200 percent) to be used in computing the payment of an Award based upon the extent to which the particular Goal is achieved.  Achievement Percentages for a particular Goal may be based on:

(a)An "all or nothing" measure that provides for a specified Achievement Percentage if the Goal is met, and a zero Achievement Percentage if the Goal is not met;

(b)Several levels of performance or achievement (such as a threshold level, a target level, and a maximum level) that each correspond to a specified Achievement Percentage; or

1

(c)Continuous or numerical measures that define a sliding scale of Achievement Percentages.

3.6Computation of Awards.  As soon as possible after the completion of each Plan Year, a computation will be made for each Participant of:

(a)The extent to which Goals were achieved and the corresponding Achievement Percentages for each Goal:

(b)A Weighted Achievement Percentage for each Goal equal to the product of the Achievement Percentage and the Weighting Percentage for that Goal;

(c)The Total Success Percentage equal to the sum of all the Weighted Achievement Percentages for all the Participant's Goals; and

(d)An Award amount equal to the product of the Total Success Percentage and the Participant's Target Award.

3.7Right to Receive Award.  A Participant must continue Employment with Corporation through the date an Award is paid (the "Payment Date") in order to be entitled to receive the Award. Awards may be subject to such additional requirements regarding length of employment as may be specifically approved by the Committee. If a Participant terminates Employment with Corporation before the Payment Date for a reason other than death or Disability, the Participant will not be entitled to any Award for the Plan Year.  If a Participant terminates Employment with Corporation before the Payment Date due to death or Disability, the Participant or the Participant’s beneficiary or estate may be entitled to receive a prorated Award, as finally determined under the Plan.  

3.8Payment of Awards.  Each Participant's Award will be paid in cash in a lump sum within 30 days after the amount of the Award has been determined, and in no case later than the 15th day of the third month following the end of the calendar year in which the Award is no longer subject to substantial risk of forfeiture as that term is defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(d).  Payment of any Award may be made subject to such additional restrictions or limitations, in addition to those related to the attainment of performance Goals, as may be expressly provided for by the Committee and made applicable to such Award. As permitted by the Committee, a Participant may, in accordance with Section 409A of the Code, voluntarily defer receipt of an Award under the terms of the Deferred Compensation Plan.

SECTION 4.ADMINISTRATION

The Plan will be administered by the Committee.  Subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, the Committee is authorized, in its sole discretion, to: select Employees who will be granted Awards; approve the Target Awards for all Participants; approve Goals and Achievement Percentages for the Goals; construe and interpret the Plan and any Award; and make any other determinations that it believes necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan.  

SECTION 5.MISCELLANEOUS

5.1Nonassignability of Benefits.  A Participant's benefits under the Plan cannot be sold, transferred, anticipated, assigned, pledged, hypothecated, seized by legal process, subjected to claims of creditors in any way, or otherwise disposed of.

2

5.2No Right of Continued Employment.  Nothing in the Plan will confer upon any Participant the right to continued Employment with Corporation or interfere in any way with the right of Corporation to terminate the person's Employment at any time.

5.3Withholding.  The Corporation will withhold from any payment under the Plan any amount required to satisfy applicable tax and other legally or contractually required withholdings.

5.4Code Section 409A.  This Plan is intended to be exempt from the requirements of Section 409A of the Code by reason of all payments under this Plan being "short-term deferrals" within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(4), and all provisions of this Plan shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with preserving this exemption.

5.5Clawback.In the event that there is a subsequent change in the Corporation's audited financial statements that affects the extent to which Goals were satisfied, a Participant will be required to repay to the Corporation any amount that was previously paid to the Participant to the extent that a given Achievement Percentage previously determined by the Committee was not, after such change, achieved. Compensation paid to a Participant pursuant to an Award under this Plan will also be subject to recoupment, to the extent the amount to be recovered would be greater, in accordance with any clawback policy of the Corporation in effect from time to time, as well as any similar requirement of applicable law, including without limitation the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and rules adopted by a governmental agency or applicable securities exchange under any such law.

5.6Amendments and Termination.  The Committee has the power to terminate or to amend this Plan at any time and in any manner that it may deem advisable, provided that the termination or amendment of the Plan will not adversely affect the rights of a Participant under an Award granted under the Plan.

SECTION 6.DEFINITIONS

For purposes of this Plan, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 6:

"Achievement Percentage" means a percentage (from 0 to 200 percent) corresponding to a specified level of achievement or performance of a particular Goal, as provided in Section 3.5.

"Award" means an incentive award under the Plan.

"Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

"Committee" means the Compensation Committee of the Board.

"Corporation" means Barrett Business Services, Inc., a Maryland corporation.

"Deferred Compensation Plan" means the Barrett Business Services, Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan or a similar or successor plan or other arrangement for the deferral of compensation specified by the Committee.

"Disability" means the condition of being permanently unable to perform Participant's duties for Corporation by reason of a medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or that has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of at least 12 months.

3

"Employee and Employment" both refer to service by Participant as a full-time or part-time employee of Corporation, and include periods of illness or other leaves of absence authorized by Corporation.

"Goal" means an element of performance used to determine Awards under the Plan as provided in Section 3.3.

"Participant" means an eligible employee selected to participate in the Plan for all or a portion of a Plan Year.

"Plan Year" means a calendar year.

"Target Award" means the targeted incentive award for a Participant for a Plan Year as provided in Section 3.1.

"Total Success Percentage" means the sum of the Weighted Achievement Percentages for all of the Goals for an Award.

"Weighted Achievement Percentage" means the product of the Achievement Percentage and the Weighting Percentage for a Goal as provided in Section 3.6.

"Weighting Percentage" means a percentage (from 0 to 100 percent) applied to weight a Goal as provided in Section 3.4.

4

EX-21

EXHIBIT 21

SUBSIDIARIES OF BARRETT BUSINESS SERVICES, INC.

AT DECEMBER 31, 2018

Subsidiary	Jurisdiction of Formation
Associated Insurance Company for Excess	Arizona
Ecole Insurance Company	Arizona
BBS I, LLC	Oregon

EX-23.1

EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 333-33487, 333-105833, 333-161592, and 333-205434 on Form S-8 of our reports dated March 5, 2019 relating to the consolidated financial statements of Barrett Business Services, Inc., and the effectiveness of Barrett Business Services, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Barrett Business Services Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2018.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Portland, Oregon
March 5, 2019

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Michael L. Elich, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Barrett Business Services, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;

4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared;

b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report, based on such evaluation; and

d. disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most-recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  March 5, 2019	/s/ Michael L. Elich
	Michael L. Elich
	Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Gary E. Kramer, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Barrett Business Services, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report;

4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a. designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared;

b. designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report, based on such evaluation; and

d. disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most-recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  March 5, 2019	/s/ Gary E. Kramer
	Gary E. Kramer
	Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

EXHIBIT 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

In connection with the Annual Report of Barrett Business Services, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Michael L. Elich	/s/ Gary E. Kramer
Michael L. Elich	Gary E. Kramer
Chief Executive Officer	Chief Financial Officer
March 5, 2019	March 5, 2019

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Barrett Business Services, Inc. and will be retained by Barrett Business Services, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Mar. 01, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	BBSI
Entity Registrant Name	BARRETT BUSINESS SERVICES INC
Entity Central Index Key	0000902791
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		7,407,504
Entity Public Float			$ 680,078,278

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 35,371	$ 59,835
Trade accounts receivable, net	151,597	136,664
Income taxes receivable		1,686
Prepaid expenses and other	13,880	5,724
Investments	416	674
Restricted cash and investments	120,409	103,652
Total current assets	321,673	308,235
Investments	1,687	1,199
Property, equipment and software, net	24,812	24,909
Restricted cash and investments	348,165	291,273
Goodwill	47,820	47,820
Other assets	3,474	3,215
Deferred income taxes	8,458	5,834
Total assets	756,089	682,485
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	221	221
Accounts payable	4,336	5,166
Accrued payroll, payroll taxes and related benefits	158,683	181,639
Income taxes payable	4,403
Other accrued liabilities	20,566	9,024
Workers' compensation claims liabilities	109,319	97,673
Safety incentives liability	29,210	28,532
Total current liabilities	326,738	322,255
Long-term workers' compensation claims liabilities	304,078	265,844
Long-term debt	3,951	4,171
Customer deposits and other long-term liabilities	2,285	1,381
Total liabilities	637,052	593,651
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 6, 8 and 12)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $.01 par value; 20,500 shares authorized, 7,395 and 7,301 shares issued and outstanding in 2018 and 2017, respectively	74	73
Additional paid-in capital	15,437	12,311
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(5,068)	(1,430)
Retained earnings	108,594	77,880
Total stockholders' equity	119,037	88,834
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 756,089	$ 682,485

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	20,500,000	20,500,000
Common stock, shares issued	7,395,000	7,301,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	7,395,000	7,301,000

XML

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 940,698	$ 920,432	$ 840,586
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	754,025	761,901	695,050
Gross margin	186,673	158,531	145,536
Selling, general and administrative expenses	145,465	123,138	113,342
Depreciation and amortization	4,219	5,452	3,253
Income from operations	36,989	29,941	28,941
Other income (expense):
Investment income, net	9,077	4,668	956
Interest expense	(1,052)	(313)	(807)
Loss on litigation			(3,544)
Other, net	(245)	82	40
Other income (expense), net	7,780	4,437	(3,355)
Income before income taxes	44,769	34,378	25,586
Provision for income taxes	6,707	9,208	6,787
Net income	$ 38,062	$ 25,170	$ 18,799
Basic income per common share	$ 5.18	$ 3.46	$ 2.60
Weighted average number of basic common shares outstanding	7,342	7,275	7,226
Diluted income per common share	$ 4.98	$ 3.33	$ 2.55
Weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding	7,647	7,551	7,378
Professional Employer Service Fees [Member]
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 793,399	$ 758,046	$ 673,924
Staffing Services [Member]
Revenues:
Total revenues	147,299	162,386	166,662
Direct Payroll Costs [Member]
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	111,443	122,533	126,753
Payroll Taxes and Benefits [Member]
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	407,003	404,687	357,867
Workers' Compensation [Member]
Cost of revenues:
Total cost of revenues	$ 235,579	$ 234,681	$ 210,430

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 38,062	$ 25,170	$ 18,799
Unrealized (losses) gains on investments, net of tax	(3,638)	(1,427)	28
Comprehensive income	$ 34,424	$ 23,743	$ 18,827

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Unrealized (losses) gains on investments, tax	$ (1,432)	$ (505)	$ 19

XML

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 54,551	$ 72	$ 6,964	$ (31)	$ 47,546
Beginning Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2015		7,203
Common stock issued on exercise of options and vesting of restricted stock units	72		72
Common stock issued on exercise of options and vesting of restricted stock units, shares		52
Common stock repurchased on vesting of restricted stock units	(433)		(433)
Common stock repurchased on vesting of restricted stock units, shares		(11)
Share-based compensation expense	2,782		2,782
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation	253		253
Cash dividends on common stock	(6,359)				(6,359)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax	28			28
Net income	18,799				18,799
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	69,693	$ 72	9,638	(3)	59,986
Ending Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2016		7,244
Common stock issued on exercise of options and vesting of restricted stock units	163	$ 1	162
Common stock issued on exercise of options and vesting of restricted stock units, shares		86
Common stock repurchased on vesting of restricted stock units	(1,673)		(1,673)
Common stock repurchased on vesting of restricted stock units, shares		(29)
Share-based compensation expense	4,184		4,184
Cash dividends on common stock	(7,276)				(7,276)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax	(1,427)			(1,427)
Net income	25,170				25,170
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	88,834	$ 73	12,311	(1,430)	77,880
Ending Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2017		7,301
Common stock issued on exercise of options and vesting of restricted stock units	577	$ 1	576
Common stock issued on exercise of options and vesting of restricted stock units, shares		126
Common stock repurchased on vesting of restricted stock units	(2,952)		(2,952)
Common stock repurchased on vesting of restricted stock units, shares		(32)
Share-based compensation expense	5,502		5,502
Cash dividends on common stock	(7,348)				(7,348)
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax	(3,638)			(3,638)
Net income	38,062				38,062
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 119,037	$ 74	$ 15,437	$ (5,068)	$ 108,594
Ending Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2018		7,395

XML

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statement Of Stockholders Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends on common stock per share	$ 1.00	$ 1.00	$ 0.88

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 38,062	$ 25,170	$ 18,799
Reconciliations of net income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	4,219	5,452	3,253
Losses (gains) recognized on investments	163	(51)	(3)
Losses recognized on sale of property	64		31
Deferred income taxes	(1,192)	4,039	(1,704)
Share-based compensation	5,502	4,184	2,782
Excess tax from share-based compensation			(253)
Changes in certain operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	(14,933)	(10,180)	(35,955)
Income taxes receivable	1,686	(1,686)	1,038
Prepaid expenses and other	(8,156)	(1,825)	(726)
Accounts payable	(830)	222	1,727
Accrued payroll, payroll taxes and related benefits	(21,863)	28,529	31,767
Other accrued liabilities	12,550	1,350	1,508
Income taxes payable	4,403	(3,041)	3,294
Workers' compensation claims liabilities	49,632	57,140	51,235
Safety incentives liability	678	3,697	3,582
Customer deposits, long-term liabilities and other assets, net	(201)	(141)	(68)
Net cash provided by operating activities	69,784	112,859	80,307
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(5,679)	(3,687)	(7,106)
Proceeds from sale of property	485		1,459
Purchase of investments	(1,946)	(6,283)	(264)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments	1,885	10,718	4,796
Purchase of restricted investments	(108,739)	(381,207)	(28,072)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of restricted investments	74,650	55,482	34,878
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(39,344)	(324,977)	5,691
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from credit-line borrowings	8,500	24,899	14,868
Payments on credit-line borrowings	(8,500)	(24,899)	(14,868)
Payments on long-term debt	(220)	(221)	(15,220)
Common stock repurchased on vesting of restricted stock units	(2,952)	(1,673)	(433)
Dividends paid	(7,348)	(7,276)	(6,359)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	577	163	72
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation			253
Net cash used in financing activities	(9,943)	(9,007)	(21,687)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	20,497	(221,125)	64,311
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	120,205	341,330	277,019
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$ 140,702	$ 120,205	$ 341,330

XML

Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

Note 1 - Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of operations

Barrett Business Services, Inc. (“BBSI” or the “Company”), is a leading provider of business management solutions for small and mid-sized companies. The Company has developed a management platform that integrates a knowledge-based approach from the management consulting industry with tools from the human resource outsourcing industry. This platform, through the effective leveraging of human capital, helps our business owner clients run their businesses more effectively.

We believe this platform, delivered through our decentralized organizational structure, differentiates BBSI from our competitors. The Company operates through a network of 62 branch offices throughout California, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Colorado, Idaho, Arizona, Maryland, North Carolina, Nevada, Delaware, Pennsylvania and Virginia. Approximately 79%, 79% and 78%, respectively, of our revenue during 2018, 2017, and 2016 was attributable to our California operations. BBSI was incorporated in Maryland in 1965.

The Company operates a wholly owned captive insurance company, Associated Insurance Company for Excess ("AICE"). AICE is a fully licensed captive insurance company holding a certificate of authority from the Arizona Department of Insurance. The purpose of AICE is twofold: (1) to provide access to more competitive and cost effective insurance markets and (2) to provide additional flexibility in cost effective risk management. AICE provides the Company with reinsurance coverage up to $5.0 million per occurrence, except in Maryland and Colorado, where our retention per occurrence is $1.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively. The Company maintains excess workers’ compensation insurance coverage with Chubb Limited (“Chubb”) between $5.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence, except in Maryland, where coverage with Chubb is between $1.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence, and in Colorado, where the coverage with Chubb is between $2.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence.

The Company also operates a fully licensed, wholly owned insurance company, Ecole Insurance Company (“Ecole”). Ecole is a fully licensed insurance company holding a certificate of authority from the Arizona Department of Insurance. Ecole provides workers’ compensation coverage to the Company’s employees working in Arizona and Utah.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying financial statements are prepared on a consolidated basis. All intercompany account balances and transactions between BBSI, AICE, and Ecole have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reportable segment

The Company has one operating and reporting segment. The chief operating decision maker (our Chief Executive Officer) regularly reviews the financial information of our business at a consolidated level in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

Revenue recognition

Professional employer (“PEO”) services are normally used by organizations to satisfy ongoing needs related to the management of human capital and are governed by the terms of a client services agreement which covers all employees at a particular work site. Staffing revenues relate primarily to short-term staffing, contract staffing and on-site management services. The Company’s performance obligations for PEO and staffing services are satisfied, and the related revenue is recognized, as services are rendered by our workforce.

Our PEO client service agreements have a minimum term of one year, are renewable on an annual basis and typically require 30 days’ written notice to cancel or terminate the contract by either party. In addition, our client service agreements provide for immediate termination upon any default of the client regardless of when notice is given. PEO customers are invoiced following the end of each payroll processing cycle, with payment generally due on the invoice date. Staffing customers are invoiced weekly based on agreed rates per employee and actual hours worked, typically with payment terms of 30 days. The amount of earned but unbilled revenue is classified as a receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

We report PEO revenues net of direct payroll costs because we are not the primary obligor for these payments to our clients’ employees. Direct payroll costs include salaries, wages, health insurance, and employee out-of-pocket expenses incurred incidental to employment. We also present revenue net of customer incentives, including safety incentives, because those incentives represent consideration payable to customers.

Cost of revenues

Our cost of revenues for PEO services includes employer payroll-related taxes and workers' compensation costs. Our cost of revenues for staffing services includes direct payroll costs, employer payroll-related taxes, employee benefits, and workers’ compensation costs. Direct payroll costs represent the gross payroll earned by staffing services employees based on salary or hourly wages. Payroll taxes and employee benefits consist of the employer's portion of Social Security and Medicare taxes, federal and state unemployment taxes, and staffing services employee reimbursements for materials, supplies and other expenses, which are paid by our customer. Workers' compensation costs consist primarily of claims reserves, claims administration fees, legal fees, medical cost containment (“MCC”) expense, state administrative agency fees, third-party broker commissions, risk manager payroll, premiums for excess insurance, and the fronted insurance program, as well as costs associated with operating our two wholly owned insurance companies, AICE and Ecole.

Cash and cash equivalents

We consider non-restricted short-term investments that are highly liquid, readily convertible into cash, and have maturities at acquisition of less than three months to be cash equivalents for purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows and consolidated balance sheets. The Company maintains cash balances in bank accounts that normally exceed FDIC insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to its cash concentration.

Investments

The Company classifies investments as available-for-sale. The Company’s investments are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, shown as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity.Investments are recorded as current and noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheets based on maturity date. Management considers available evidence in evaluating potential impairment of investments, including the duration and extent to which fair value is less than cost. Realized gains and losses on sales of investments are included in investment income in our consolidated statements of operations. In the event a loss is determined to be other-than-temporary, the loss will be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Restricted cash and investments

The Company holds restricted cash and investments primarily for the future payment of workers’ compensation claims. These investments are categorized as available-for-sale. They are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, shown as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Restricted cash and investments are classified as current and noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheets based on the nature of the restriction. Management considers available evidence in evaluating potential impairment of restricted investments, including the duration and extent to which fair value is less than cost. Realized gains and losses on sales of restricted investments are included in investment income in our consolidated statements of operations. In the event a loss is determined to be other-than-temporary, the loss will be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Restricted cash and investments also includes investments held as part of the Company’s deferred compensation plan. These investments are classified as trading securities and are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of other income (expense), net.

Allowance for doubtful accounts

The Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $533,000 and $265,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We make estimates of the collectability of our accounts receivable for services provided to our customers. Management analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customers' payment trends when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. If the financial condition of our customers deteriorates resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

Our allowance for doubtful accounts activity is summarized as follows (in thousands):

	2018		2017			2016
Balance at January 1,
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	265	$	78		$	268
Charges to expense		268		192			(115	)
Write-offs of uncollectible accounts, net    of recoveries		—		(5	)		(75	)
Balance at December 31,
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	533	$	265		$	78

Income taxes

Our income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach. This requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities at the applicable tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded against deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization include the Company’s forecast of the reversal of temporary differences, future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets. Failure to achieve forecasted taxable income in applicable tax jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets and could result in an increase in the Company’s effective tax rate on future earnings.

The determination of our provision for income taxes requires significant judgment, the use of estimates, and the interpretation and application of complex tax laws. Significant judgment is required in assessing the timing and amounts of deductible and taxable items and the probability of sustaining uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions if it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on examination by the tax authorities. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As facts and circumstances change, we reassess these probabilities and record any changes in the consolidated financial statements as appropriate. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for a business combination and the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment annually, or more frequently if circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is below its carrying value. The Company has one reporting unit and evaluates the carrying value of goodwill annually at December 31. No impairment has been recognized in the periods presented.

Property, equipment and software

Property, equipment and software are stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to selling, general and administrative expenses as incurred and expenditures for additions and improvements are capitalized. The cost of assets sold or otherwise disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.

Depreciation of property, equipment and software is calculated using either straight-line or accelerated methods over estimated useful lives of the related assets or lease terms, as follows:

	Years
Buildings	39
Office furniture and fixtures	7
Computer hardware and software	3-10
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, equipment and software and acquired intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the remaining estimated useful life may warrant revision or that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Some of the events or changes in circumstances that would trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant under-performance relative to expected and/or historical results, significant negative industry or economic trends, or knowledge of transactions involving the sale of similar property at amounts below the carrying value.

Assets are grouped for measurement of impairment at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets. If the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group, then an impairment charge is recognized to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the asset group’s fair value. In determining fair value, management considers current results, trends, future prospects, and other economic factors.

Leases

The Company leases office facilities and equipment under operating leases. For significant lease agreements that provide for escalating rent payments or free-rent occupancy periods, the Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable lease term. Deferred rent is included in other accrued liabilities and customer deposits and other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Workers’ compensation claims liabilities

Our workers’ compensation claims liabilities do not represent an exact calculation of liability but rather management’s best estimate, utilizing actuarial expertise and projection techniques, at a given reporting date. The estimated liability for open workers’ compensation claims is based on an evaluation of information provided by our third-party administrators for workers’ compensation claims, coupled with an actuarial estimate of future adverse loss development with respect to reported claims and incurred but not reported claims (together, “IBNR”). Workers’ compensation claims liabilities included case reserve estimates for reported losses, plus additional amounts for estimated IBNR claims, MCC and legal costs, and unallocated loss adjustment expenses. The estimate of incurred costs expected to be paid within one year is included in current liabilities, while the estimate of incurred costs expected to be paid beyond one year is included in long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. These estimates are reviewed at least quarterly and adjustments to estimated liabilities are reflected in current operating results as they become known.

The process of arriving at an estimate of unpaid claims and claims adjustment expense involves a high degree of judgment and is affected by both internal and external events, including changes in claims handling practices, changes in reserve estimation procedures, inflation, trends in the litigation and settlement of pending claims, and legislative changes.

Our estimates are based on informed judgment, derived from individual experience and expertise applied to multiple sets of data and analyses. We consider significant facts and circumstances known both at the time that loss reserves are initially established and as new facts and circumstances become known. Due to the inherent uncertainty underlying loss reserve estimates, the expenses incurred through final resolution of our liability for our workers’ compensation claims will likely vary from the related loss reserves at the reporting date. Therefore, as specific claims are paid out in the future, actual paid losses may be materially different from our current loss reserves.

A basic premise in most actuarial analyses is that historical data and past patterns demonstrated in the incurred and paid historical data form a reasonable basis upon which to project future outcomes, absent a material change. Significant structural changes to the available data can materially impact the reserve estimation process. To the extent a material change affecting the ultimate claim liability becomes known, such change is quantified to the extent possible through an analysis of internal Company data and, if available and when appropriate, external data. Nonetheless, actuaries exercise a considerable degree of judgment in the evaluation of these factors and the need for such actuarial judgment is more pronounced when faced with material uncertainties.

Customer incentives

We accrue for and present expected customer incentives as a reduction of revenue. Safety incentives represent cash incentives paid to certain PEO client companies for maintaining safe work practices and minimizing workplace injuries. The incentive is based on a percentage of annual payroll and is paid annually to customers who meet predetermined workers’ compensation claims cost objectives. Safety incentive payments are made only after closure of all workers' compensation claims incurred during the customer’s contract period. The safety incentive liability is estimated and accrued each month based upon contract year-to-date payroll and the then current amount of the customer’s estimated workers’ compensation claims reserves as established by us and our third party administrator. The Company provided $29.2 million and $28.5 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as an estimate of the liability for unpaid safety incentives. A one-time customer incentive of $9.8 million was declared in December of 2018, and is included in other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Customer deposits

We require deposits from certain PEO customers to cover a portion of our accounts receivable due from such customers in the event of default of payment.

Comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity during a period except those that resulted from investments by or distributions to the Company's stockholders.

Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are included in comprehensive income (loss), but excluded from net income (loss) as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to stockholders' equity. Our other comprehensive income (loss) comprises unrealized holding gains and losses on our available-for-sale investments.

Statements of cash flows

Interest paid in 2018, 2017, and 2016 did not materially differ from interest expense. Income taxes paid by the Company totaled $1.8 million, $9.9 million, and $4.2 million in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

Bank deposits and other cash equivalents that are restricted for use are classified as restricted cash. The table below reconciles the cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balances from our consolidated balance sheets to the amounts reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	December 31,		December 31,		December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,371	$	59,835	$	50,768
Restricted cash, included in restricted cash and investments		105,331		60,370		290,562
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the    statement of cash flows	$	140,702	$	120,205	$	341,330

Basic and diluted earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for each year using the treasury method. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential effects of the exercise of outstanding stock options and the issuance of stock associated with outstanding restricted stock units. Basic and diluted shares outstanding are summarized as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended
	December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Weighted average number of basic shares outstanding		7,342		7,275		7,226
Effect of dilutive securities		305		276		152
Weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding		7,647		7,551		7,378

Reclassifications

Due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash,” prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on the Company’s financial condition, operating results, cash flows or stockholders’ equity.

Accounting estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates are used for fair value measurement of investments, allowance for doubtful accounts, deferred income taxes, carrying values for goodwill and property and equipment, accrued workers' compensation liabilities, and customer incentive liabilities. Actual results may or may not differ from such estimates.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The core principle of the update is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The update also requires disclosure of sufficient information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. We have adopted ASU 2014-09

effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. We have determined that there are no material changes to our revenue recognition policies or to our consolidated financial statements as a result of adopting the standard.  

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases.” The core principle is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases, including operating leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous GAAP. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years. We expect the lease commitments discussed in “Note 8 - Commitments” to appear on our consolidated balance sheets in the form of a right of use asset and a lease liability. Such amounts are based on the present value of such commitments using our incremental borrowing rate. We plan to utilize the transition package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which among other things, allows us to carry forward the historical lease classification.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash.” The amendments in this update require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. We have retrospectively adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018. The Company’s balance of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents was $105.3million, $60.4 million and $290.6 million for the periods ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The adoption of the guidance also requires us to reconcile our cash balance on the consolidated statements of cash flows to the cash balance presented on the consolidated balance sheets. See “Statements of cash flows” within “Note 1 - Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies” for these disclosures.

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Concentration of Credit Risk

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Risks And Uncertainties [Abstract]

Concentration of Credit Risk

Note 2 - Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, investments, restricted cash and investments, and trade accounts receivable. We limit investment of cash equivalents and investments to financial institutions with high credit ratings. Credit risk on trade accounts is minimized as a result of the large and diverse nature of our customer base.

At December 31, 2018, we had concentrations of credit risk as follows:

• $181.8 million, at fair value, in corporate bonds.

• $87.9 million, at fair value, in mortgage backed securities.

• $45.2 million, at fair value, in U.S. treasuries.

• $44.7 million, at fair value, in U.S. government agency securities.

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Fair Value Measurement

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement

Note 3 - Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

All of our financial instruments are recognized in our consolidated balance sheets. Carrying values approximate fair value of most financial assets and liabilities. Investments and restricted cash and investments are recorded at market value. The interest rates on our investments approximate current market rates for these types of investments.

In determining the fair value of our financial assets, the Company predominately uses the market approach. In determining the fair value of all its corporate bonds, mortgage backed securities, U.S. treasuries, U.S. government agency securities, supranational, mutual funds, money market funds, asset backed securities, and municipal bonds, the Company utilizes non-binding quotes provided by our investment brokers.

Factors used in determining the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities are summarized into three levels as established in the fair value hierarchy framework. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below.

Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include:

• Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

• Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;

• Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability;

• Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 - Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

In determining the fair value measurement of our financial assets, the fair value measurement level within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level input and is applied to each financial asset. Valuation techniques are used to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The following table summarizes the Company’s investments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018							December 31, 2017
										Gross
			Gross							Unrealized
			Unrealized			Recorded				Gains			Recorded
	Cost		(Losses)			Basis		Cost		(Losses)			Basis
Current:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	30	$	—		$	30	$	121	$	—		$	121
U.S. treasuries		—		—			—		100		—			100
Total cash equivalents		30		—			30		221		—			221
Investments:
U.S. treasuries		347		—			347		199		—			199
U.S. government agency securities		50		(1	)		49		65		—			65
Corporate bonds		20		—			20		400		—			400
Municipal bonds		—		—			—		10		—			10
Certificates of deposit		—		—			—		—		—			—
Total current investments		417		(1	)		416		674		—			674
Long term:
Investments:
U.S. treasuries		794		(3	)		791		202		(2	)		200
Mortgage backed securities		484		(13	)		471		577		(5	)		572
Corporate bonds		422		(7	)		415		419		(2	)		417
Asset backed securities		10		—			10		10		—			10
Total long term investments		1,710		(23	)		1,687		1,208		(9	)		1,199
Restricted cash and investments (1):
Corporate bonds		185,116		(3,739	)		181,377		184,808		(953	)		183,855
Mortgage backed securities		89,426		(2,026	)		87,400		86,240		(595	)		85,645
U.S. government agency securities		45,548		(908	)		44,640		38,168		(222	)		37,946
U.S. treasuries		44,304		(283	)		44,021		45,833		(143	)		45,690
Supranational		4,765		(24	)		4,741		—		—			—
Mutual funds		1,093		—			1,093		—		—			—
Money market funds		419		—			419		16,018		—			16,018
Asset backed securities		75		(1	)		74		—		—			—
Municipal bonds		50		—			50		472		(14	)		458
Commercial paper		—		—			—		18,973		—			18,973
Total restricted cash and investments		370,796		(6,981	)		363,815		390,512		(1,927	)		388,585
Total investments	$	372,953	$	(7,005	)	$	365,948	$	392,615	$	(1,936	)	$	390,679

(1) Included in restricted cash and investments within the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 is restricted cash of $104.5 million and $6.3 million, respectively, which is excluded from the table above. Restricted cash and investments are classified as current and noncurrent on the balance sheet based on the nature of the restriction.

The following table summarizes the Company's investments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 measured at fair value on a recurring basis by fair value hierarchy level (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018										December 31, 2017
	Total										Total
	Recorded										Recorded
	Basis		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Other (1)		Basis		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Other (1)
Cash equivalents:
Money market    funds	$	30	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	30	$	121	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	121
U.S. treasuries		—		—		—		—		—		100		—		100		—
Investments:
U.S. treasuries		1,138		—		1,138		—		—		399		—		399		—		—
Mortgage backed    securities		471		—		471		—		—		572		—		572		—		—
Corporate bonds		435		—		435		—		—		817		—		817		—		—
U.S. government    agency securities		49		—		49		—		—		65		—		65		—		—
Asset backed securities		10		—		10		—		—		10		—		10		—		—
Municipal bonds		—		—		—		—		—		10		—		10		—		—
Restricted cash and investments:
Corporate bonds		181,377		—		181,377		—		—		183,855		—		183,855		—		—
Mortgage backed    securities		87,400		—		87,400		—		—		85,645		—		85,645		—		—
U.S. government    agency securities		44,640		—		44,640		—		—		37,946		—		37,946		—		—
U.S. treasuries		44,021		—		44,021		—		—		45,690		—		45,690		—		—
Supranational		4,741		—		4,741		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Mutual funds		1,093		1,093		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Money market    funds		419		—		—		—		419		16,018		—		—		—		16,018
Asset backed securities		74		—		74		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Municipal bonds		50		—		50		—		—		458		—		458		—		—
Commercial paper		—		—		—		—		—		18,973		—		18,973		—		—
Total investments	$	365,948	$	1,093	$	364,406	$	—	$	449	$	390,679	$	—	$	374,540	$	—	$	16,139

(1) Investments in money market funds measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient are not subject to hierarchy level classification disclosure. The Company invests in money market funds that seek to maintain a stable net asset value. These investments include commingled funds that comprise high-quality short-term securities representing liquid debt and monetary instruments where the redemption value is likely to be the fair value. Redemption is permitted daily without written notice.

The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of the Company’s available for sale securities at December 31, 2018 and 2017. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with our without prepayment penalties.

	December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Less than 1 Year		Between 1 to 5 Years		Between 5 to 10 Years		After 10 Years		Total
Corporate bonds	$	14,183	$	144,894	$	22,735	$	—	$	181,812
U.S. treasuries		4,919		40,240		—		—		45,159
U.S. government agency securities		4,788		7,031		32,870		—		44,689
Supranational		—		4,741		—		—		4,741
Money market funds		449		—		—		—		449
Asset backed securities		—		84		—		—		84
Municipal bonds		50		—		—		—		50
Total	$	24,389	$	196,990	$	55,605	$	—	$	276,984
	December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Less than 1 Year		Between 1 to 5 Years		Between 5 to 10 Years		After 10 Years		Total
Corporate bonds	$	5,426	$	153,567	$	19,102	$	6,577	$	184,672
U.S. treasuries		32,466		13,723		—		—		46,189
U.S. government agency securities		65		4,355		33,591		—		38,011
Commercial Paper		18,973		—		—		—		18,973
Money market funds		16,139		—		—		—		16,139
Municipal bonds		468		—		—		—		468
Asset backed securities		—		10		—		—		10
Total	$	73,537	$	171,655	$	52,693	$	6,577	$	304,462

The average contractual maturities of mortgage backed securities was 17 years and 16 years as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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Property, Equipment and Software

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Equipment and Software

Note 4 - Property, Equipment and Software

Property, equipment and software consist of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2018			2017
Buildings	$	16,501		$	15,431
Office furniture and fixtures		11,809			10,303
Computer hardware and software		16,484			15,056
Other		178			1,129
		44,972			41,919
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(21,650	)		(18,500	)
		23,322			23,419
Land		1,490			1,490
	$	24,812		$	24,909

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Workers' Compensation Claims

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Text Block [Abstract]

Workers' Compensation Claims

Note 5 - Workers' Compensation Claims

The following table summarizes the aggregate workers' compensation reserve activity (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Beginning balance
Workers' compensation claims liabilities	$	363,517		$	312,537		$	255,675
Add: claims expense accrual
Current period		162,525			154,091			137,852
Prior periods		(3,846	)		5,159			(301	)
		158,679			159,250			137,551
Less: claim payments related to
Current period		23,444			19,537			20,180
Prior periods		85,603			82,573			69,626
		109,047			102,110			89,806
Add: change in claims incurred in excess of       retention limits		248			(6,160	)		9,117
Ending balance
Workers' compensation claims liabilities	$	413,397		$	363,517		$	312,537
Incurred but not reported (IBNR)	$	260,529		$	202,227		$	158,169
Ratio of IBNR to workers' compensation claims    liabilities		63	%		56	%		51	%

The Company is a self-insured employer with respect to workers' compensation coverage for all of its employees (including employees co-employed through our client service agreements) working in Colorado, Maryland and Oregon. In the state of Washington, state law allows only the Company's staffing services and internal management employees to be covered under the Company's self-insured workers' compensation program.

The Company obtains policies from Chubb for all clients in California, Delaware, Virginia, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, New Jersey, West Virginia, Idaho, Nevada and the District of Columbia. The arrangement with Chubb, known as a fronted program, provides BBSI a licensed, admitted insurance carrier to issue policies on behalf of BBSI. The risk of loss up to the first $5.0 million per occurrence is retained by BBSI through various agreements. Chubb assumes credit risk should BBSI be unable to satisfy its indemnification obligations.

The Company’s wholly owned, fully licensed captive insurance company incorporated in Arizona, Associated Insurance Company for Excess (“AICE”), provides reinsurance coverage up to $5.0 million per occurrence, except in Maryland and Colorado, where our retention per occurrence is $1.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively. The Company maintains excess workers’ compensation insurance coverage with Chubb between $5.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence, except in Maryland, where coverage with Chubb is between $1.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence, and in Colorado, where the coverage with Chubb is between $2.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence.

The Company also operates a wholly owned, fully licensed insurance company, Ecole, which provides workers’ compensation coverage to the Company’s employees working in Arizona and Utah. The Company maintains additional reinsurance coverage for Ecole with Chubb Limited (“Chubb”), for losses above $5.0 million per occurrence.

TheCompany restructured its fronted program with Chubb effective July 1, 2018. The new agreement maintains retention levels of $5.0 million per occurrence but now requires that collateral be advanced at the inception of the policy term. To partially satisfy these additional collateral requirements, the Company provided a surety bond of $30.0 million and a letter of credit of $63.7 million from its principal bank, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (the “Bank”).

As part of its fronted workers’ compensation insurance program with Chubb, the Company makes monthly payments into trust accounts (the “Chubb trust accounts”) to be used for the payment of future claims. The balance in the Chubb trust accounts was $451.0 million and $380.6 million at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The Chubb trust accounts’ balances are included as a component of the current and long-term restricted cash and investments on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The states of California, Maryland, Oregon, Washington, Colorado and Delaware required us to maintain specified investment balances or other financial instruments totaling $85.2 million and $96.8 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, to cover potential workers’ compensation claims losses related to the Company’s current and former status as a self-insured employer. At December 31, 2018, the Company provided surety bonds and standby letters of credit totaling $85.2 million, including a California requirement of $70.6 million.

The Company provided a total of $413.4 million and $363.5 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as an estimated future liability for unsettled workers' compensation claims liabilities. Of this amount, $3.2 million and $3.0 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, represent case reserves incurred in excess of the Company’s retention. The accrual for costs incurred in excess of retention limits is offset by a receivable from excess insurance carriers of $3.2 million and $3.0 million at   December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

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Revolving Credit Facility and Long-Term Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Revolving Credit Facility and Long-Term Debt

Note 6 - Revolving Credit Facility and Long-Term Debt

The Company maintains a credit agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Bank. The Agreement provides a revolving credit line in the amount of $28.0 million effective July 1, 2018 and expires on July 1, 2020. The Agreement also provides a $7.5 million sublimit for standby letters of credit effective July 1, 2018. Of the $7.5 million sublimit for standby letters of credit, $5.9 million was used at December 31, 2018.

Advances under the revolving credit line bear interest, as selected by the Company, of (a) the daily floating rate of one month LIBOR plus 1.75% or (b) the fixed rate of LIBOR plus 1.75%. The Agreement also provides for an unused commitment fee of 0.375% per year on the average daily unused amount of the revolving credit line, as well as a fee of 1.75% of the face amount of each letter of credit reserved under the line of credit and 0.95% on standalone, fully secured letters of credit. The Company had no outstanding borrowings on its revolving credit line at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

The credit facility is collateralized by the Company’s accounts receivable and other rights to receive payment.

In June 2018, as part of the Company’s workers’ compensation insurance program restructure with Chubb, the Agreement was amended to provide for a $63.7 million standby letter of credit (the “Chubb Letter of Credit”). The Chubb Letter of Credit has an expiration date of July 1, 2019, subject to automatic renewal in specified circumstances.

In connection with the Chubb Letter of Credit, the Bank has been granted a security interest of first priority in certain blocked securities accounts (collectively, the “Collateral Accounts”). The Company has agreed to deposit in the Collateral Accounts 50% of the Company’s consolidated net income (after tax and less cash dividends) for each quarter plus, to the extent necessary, an additional amount by May 31 each year so that the deposits in the Collateral Accounts for the prior year total at least $16 million.

The initial fee payable under the Chubb Letter of Credit was equal to 2.5% of the face amount thereof. Upon annual renewal, the fees payable to the Bank quarterly in advance include (a) a fee at the annual rate of 2.5%, calculated based on the difference between the face amount of the Chubb Letter of Credit and 95% of the aggregate value of the Collateral Accounts as of the end of the previous quarter, (b) a fee at the annual rate of 1.25% calculated based on the balance of the face amount, and (c) other fees upon the payment or negotiation of each drawing under the Chubb Letter of Credit.

The Agreement requires the satisfaction of certain financial covenants as follows:

• EBITDA  [net income before taxes plus interest expense (net of capitalized interest expense), depreciation expense, and amortization expense] on a rolling four-quarter basis of not less than $30 million at the end of each fiscal quarter;

• ratio of restricted and unrestricted cash and investments to workers’ compensation and safety incentive liabilities of at least 1.0:1.0, measured quarterly; and

• total workers’ compensation liabilities of not less than the estimate of required reserves reflected in the third-party actuarial report issued to the Company quarterly.

The Agreement includes certain additional restrictions as follows:

• incurring additional indebtedness is prohibited without the prior approval of the Bank, other than purchase financing (including capital leases) for the acquisition of assets, provided that the aggregate of all purchase financing does not exceed $1,000,000 at any time;

• the Company may not declare or pay any dividend in excess of $0.25 per share in total each fiscal quarter, subject to increase by no more than 10% each year beginning June 30, 2019, compared to the prior fiscal year;

• the Company may not redeem, repurchase, or otherwise acquire any outstanding shares of its common stock; and

• the Company may not terminate or cancel any of the AICE policies without the Bank’s prior written consent.

The Agreementas amended in late June 2018 added an event of default as follows:

• specified cross-defaults under the Company's workers' compensation insurance arrangements.

The Agreement also contains customary events of default. If an event of default under the Agreement occurs and is continuing, the Bank may declare any outstanding obligations under the Agreement to be immediately due and payable. At December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

The Company maintains a mortgage loan with the Bank with a balance of approximately $4.2 million and $4.4 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, secured by the Company’s corporate office building in Vancouver, Washington. This loan requires payment of monthly installments of $18,375, bearing interest at the one month LIBOR plus 2.0%, with the unpaid principal balance due July 1, 2022.

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Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]

Benefit Plans

Note 7 – Benefit Plans

We have a 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan for the benefit of our eligible employees. Employees covered under a PEO arrangement may participate in the plan at the sole discretion of the PEO client. We make matching contributions to the 401(k) plan under a safe harbor provision. The determination of any discretionary Company contributions to the plan is at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors. No discretionary Company contributions were made to the plan for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

The Company allows certain highly compensated employees of the Company to defer compensation under a nonqualified deferred compensation plan. Deferred compensation plan liability was $1.1 million and $87,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is classified as non-current in customer deposits and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

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Commitments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments

Note 8 - Commitments

Our operating lease agreements require minimum annual payments as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending
December 31,
2019	$	7,135
2020		6,198
2021		5,673
2022		4,125
2023		2,642
Thereafter		1,474
	$	27,247

Lease expense was approximately $7.9 million, $4.9 million, and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 9 - Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”) was signed into law making significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code and resulting in the reduction in the U.S. statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. During 2018, we finalized certain tax positions when we filed our 2017 federal tax return, and determined that no material adjustments were necessary.

The provision for income taxes from operations is as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Current:
Federal	$	7,412		$	5,080		$	6,442
State		408			89			2,030
		7,820			5,169			8,472
Deferred:
Federal		(824	)		6,310			85
State		(289	)		(2,271	)		(1,770	)
		(1,113	)		4,039			(1,685	)
Total provision	$	6,707		$	9,208		$	6,787

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following components (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2018			2017
Deferred income tax assets:
Workers' compensation claims liabilities	$	9,261		$	8,124
MCC accrual		2,234			3,390
Customer incentives		2,718			—
Deferred compensation		1,541			1,040
Equity based compensation		994			811
Tax effect of unrealized losses, net		1,966			523
Alternative minimum tax credit carryforward		—			1,815
State credit carryforward		988			988
State loss carryforward		2,396			2,715
Other		1,703			354
		23,801			19,760
Less valuation allowance		264			264
		23,537			19,496
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Tax depreciation in excess of book depreciation		(4,258	)		(3,220	)
Tax amortization of goodwill		(9,948	)		(9,558	)
Other		(873	)		(884	)
		(15,079	)		(13,662	)
Net deferred income tax assets	$	8,458		$	5,834

The effective tax rate for operations differed from the U.S. statutory federal tax rate due to the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018				2017				2016
Statutory federal tax rate		21.0		%		35.0		%		35.0		%
State taxes, net of federal benefit		0.3				(4.0	)			1.1
Adjustment for final positions on filed returns		(1.1	)			(1.1	)			0.2
Nondeductible expenses and other, net		1.2				1.5				1.8
Federal and state tax credits		(6.4	)			(7.7	)			(11.6	)
Change in federal tax rate		—				3.2				—
Other, net		—				(0.1	)			—
		15.0		%		26.8		%		26.5		%

The realization of a significant portion of net deferred tax assets is based in part on our estimates of the timing of reversals of certain temporary differences and on the generation of taxable income before such reversals.

Under ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” management evaluates the realizability of the deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis under a “more-likely than not” standard. As part of this evaluation, management reviews all evidence both positive and negative to determine if a valuation allowance is needed. One component of this analysis is to determine whether the Company was in a cumulative loss position for the most recent 12 quarters. The Company was in a cumulative income position for the 12 quarters ended at both December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The Company is subject to income taxes in U.S. federal and multiple state and local tax jurisdictions. The Internal Revenue Service is examining the Company’s federal tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. In the major jurisdictions where it operates, the Company is generally no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2011. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits.

A portion of the consolidated income the Company generates is not subject to state income tax. Depending on the percentage of this income as compared to total consolidated income, the Company's state effective rate could fluctuate from expectations.

At December 31, 2018, the Company had state net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $35.1 million, which begin to expire in tax years ending on or after December 31, 2025, unless utilized. At December 31, 2018, the Company did not have a federal general business tax credit carry forward or an alternative minimum tax credit carry forward.

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Stock Incentive Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Stock Incentive Plans

Note 10 - Stock Incentive Plans

The Company's 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2015 Plan"), which provides for share-based awards to Company employees, non-employee directors and outside consultants or advisors, was approved by stockholders on May 27, 2015.  The number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan is 1,000,000, of which the maximum number of shares for which incentive stock options may be granted is 900,000.  The 2015 Plan replaced the Company’s 2009 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2009 Plan”), and no new share-based awards may be granted under the 2009 Plan. The number of shares available for grant at December 31, 2018 is 506,295. Outstanding option awards under all the plans generally expire ten years after the date of grant.

Share-based compensation expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, was $5.5 million, $4.2 million and $2.8 million, respectively. Related income tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, were $1.5 million, $1.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

Stock Options

Stock options are generally exercisable in four equal annual installments beginning one year following the date of grant.

A summary of the status of the Company’s stock options at December 31, 2018, together with changes during the periods then ended, is presented below:

						Weighted
				Weighted		Average		Aggregate
				Average		Remaining		Intrinsic
	Number			Exercise		Contractual		Value
	of Options			Price		Term (Years)		(In Thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		292,400		$	17.99		—		—
Options granted at market price		120,000			82.21		—		—
Options exercised		(40,140	)		14.39		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		372,260			39.08		4.86		9,759
Exercisable at December 31, 2018		219,135			17.73		2.56	$	8,661

The fair value of stock option awards as determined under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model was estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	2018			2016
Expected volatility		42.2	%		55.2		%
Risk free interest rate		2.7	%		1.2		%
Expected dividend yield		1.2	%		2.2		%
Expected term		8.3 years			6.2 years
Weighted average fair value per share	$	36.41		$		17.10

The weighted average fair value of stock options granted for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2016 was $36.41 and $17.10, respectively. There were no stock options granted with an exercise price below market price during 2018 and 2016.No stock options were granted during 2017.

The intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $2.5 million, $479,000 and $113,000, respectively. The fair value of stock options vested for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $312,000, $328,000 and $319,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options was $4.3 million with a weighted average remaining amortization period of 7.1 years.

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units generally vest in four equal annual installments beginning one year following the date of grant.

The following table presents restricted stock unit activity:

				Weighted Average
				Grant Date
	Units			Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2017		234,383		$	47.26
Granted		55,352			96.31
Vested		(53,938	)		46.56
Cancelled/Forfeited		(31,943	)		46.20
Nonvested at December 31, 2018		203,854		$	60.93

The total fair value of restricted stock units vested during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $4.0 million, $3.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock units was $10.1 million with a weighted average remaining amortization period of 2.6 years.

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Stock Repurchase Program

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Text Block [Abstract]

Stock Repurchase Program

Note 11 - Stock Repurchase Program

The Company maintains a stock repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors, which authorizes the repurchase of shares from time to time in open market purchases. The repurchase program currently allows for the repurchase of approximately 1.1 million additional shares as of December 31, 2018. No share repurchases were made under the repurchase program during 2018 and 2017. See “Note 6. Revolving Credit Facility and Long-Term Debt” for related restrictions.  

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Litigation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Litigation

Note 12 - Litigation

BBSI received a subpoena from the San Francisco office of the Division of Enforcement of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in April 2016 in connection with the SEC’s inquiry into reported errors in our financial statements. The Company previously received a subpoena from the SEC in May 2015 in connection with the SEC’s investigation of the Company’s accounting policies with regard to its workers’ compensation reserves.During the third quarter of 2018, BBSI reached an agreement with the Division of Enforcement staff for a full resolution of this matter. The settlement agreement included a civil penalty in the amount of $1.5 million, which was paid in September 2018.

In June 2016, BBSI was advised by the United States Department of Justice that it had commenced an investigation. In September of 2018 the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Washington announced criminal charges against BBSI’s prior CFO. This is an action solely against the prior CFO, and the Company continues to cooperate with the investigation.

On June 17, 2015, Daniel Salinas (“Salinas”) filed a shareholder derivative lawsuit against BBSI and certain of its officers and directors in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland.  On December 31, 2018, the court issued an order to dismiss the action for lack of personal jurisdiction over the officers and directors named in the suit.

On November 21, 2012, David Kaanaana (“Kaanaana”), a former staffing employee, filed a California wage and hour violations lawsuit against BBSI. On May 19, 2016, the court entered a ruling in favor of BBSI, which was subsequently appealed by the plaintiffs. On November 30, 2018, the California Court of Appeal for the Second Appellate District returned its decision in Kaanaana v. Barrett Business Services, Inc., overruling the trial court's decision to dismiss plaintiffs' claims and holding that prevailing wage requirements applicable to “public works” apply to certain types of districts. On January 9, 2019, BBSI filed a petition of review to the California Supreme Court. An amicus letter in support of the petition was filed by the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, joined in by numerous other "special districts" in California. On February 27, 2019, the California Supreme Court granted the petition to review the appellate court’s decision.

BBSI is subject to other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business. The Company has accrued $2.9 million related to legal actions, including those described above. Given the status of appeals, management is unable to estimate a potential range of loss arising from these actions.

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Quarterly Financial Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Quarterly Financial Information

Note 13 - Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Quarter Ended
	March 31			June 30		September 30		December 31
Year ended December 31, 2018
Revenues	$	223,975		$	231,603	$	247,287	$	237,832
Cost of revenues		207,713			183,123		187,602		175,588
Gross margin		16,262			48,480		59,685		62,244
Net (loss) income		(9,123	)		11,240		19,087		16,856
Basic (loss) income per common share		(1.25	)		1.54		2.59		2.28
Diluted (loss) income per common share		(1.25	)		1.46		2.50		2.21
Year ended December 31, 2017
Revenues	$	209,997		$	225,574	$	240,135	$	244,726
Cost of revenues		199,547			181,360		185,218		195,776
Gross margin		10,450			44,214		54,917		48,950
Net (loss) income		(11,227	)		11,126		14,785		10,486
Basic (loss) income per common share		(1.55	)		1.53		2.03		1.44
Diluted (loss) income per common share		(1.55	)		1.47		1.96		1.38

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Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Note 14 - Subsequent Events

We have evaluated events and transactions occurring after the balance sheet date through our filing date and noted no events that are subject to recognition or disclosure.

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Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of operations

Nature of operations

Barrett Business Services, Inc. (“BBSI” or the “Company”), is a leading provider of business management solutions for small and mid-sized companies. The Company has developed a management platform that integrates a knowledge-based approach from the management consulting industry with tools from the human resource outsourcing industry. This platform, through the effective leveraging of human capital, helps our business owner clients run their businesses more effectively.

We believe this platform, delivered through our decentralized organizational structure, differentiates BBSI from our competitors. The Company operates through a network of 62 branch offices throughout California, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Colorado, Idaho, Arizona, Maryland, North Carolina, Nevada, Delaware, Pennsylvania and Virginia. Approximately 79%, 79% and 78%, respectively, of our revenue during 2018, 2017, and 2016 was attributable to our California operations. BBSI was incorporated in Maryland in 1965.

The Company operates a wholly owned captive insurance company, Associated Insurance Company for Excess ("AICE"). AICE is a fully licensed captive insurance company holding a certificate of authority from the Arizona Department of Insurance. The purpose of AICE is twofold: (1) to provide access to more competitive and cost effective insurance markets and (2) to provide additional flexibility in cost effective risk management. AICE provides the Company with reinsurance coverage up to $5.0 million per occurrence, except in Maryland and Colorado, where our retention per occurrence is $1.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively. The Company maintains excess workers’ compensation insurance coverage with Chubb Limited (“Chubb”) between $5.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence, except in Maryland, where coverage with Chubb is between $1.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence, and in Colorado, where the coverage with Chubb is between $2.0 million and statutory limits per occurrence.

The Company also operates a fully licensed, wholly owned insurance company, Ecole Insurance Company (“Ecole”). Ecole is a fully licensed insurance company holding a certificate of authority from the Arizona Department of Insurance. Ecole provides workers’ compensation coverage to the Company’s employees working in Arizona and Utah.

Principles of consolidation

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying financial statements are prepared on a consolidated basis. All intercompany account balances and transactions between BBSI, AICE, and Ecole have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reportable Segment

Reportable segment

The Company has one operating and reporting segment. The chief operating decision maker (our Chief Executive Officer) regularly reviews the financial information of our business at a consolidated level in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition

Professional employer (“PEO”) services are normally used by organizations to satisfy ongoing needs related to the management of human capital and are governed by the terms of a client services agreement which covers all employees at a particular work site. Staffing revenues relate primarily to short-term staffing, contract staffing and on-site management services. The Company’s performance obligations for PEO and staffing services are satisfied, and the related revenue is recognized, as services are rendered by our workforce.

Our PEO client service agreements have a minimum term of one year, are renewable on an annual basis and typically require 30 days’ written notice to cancel or terminate the contract by either party. In addition, our client service agreements provide for immediate termination upon any default of the client regardless of when notice is given. PEO customers are invoiced following the end of each payroll processing cycle, with payment generally due on the invoice date. Staffing customers are invoiced weekly based on agreed rates per employee and actual hours worked, typically with payment terms of 30 days. The amount of earned but unbilled revenue is classified as a receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

We report PEO revenues net of direct payroll costs because we are not the primary obligor for these payments to our clients’ employees. Direct payroll costs include salaries, wages, health insurance, and employee out-of-pocket expenses incurred incidental to employment. We also present revenue net of customer incentives, including safety incentives, because those incentives represent consideration payable to customers.

Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues

Our cost of revenues for PEO services includes employer payroll-related taxes and workers' compensation costs. Our cost of revenues for staffing services includes direct payroll costs, employer payroll-related taxes, employee benefits, and workers’ compensation costs. Direct payroll costs represent the gross payroll earned by staffing services employees based on salary or hourly wages. Payroll taxes and employee benefits consist of the employer's portion of Social Security and Medicare taxes, federal and state unemployment taxes, and staffing services employee reimbursements for materials, supplies and other expenses, which are paid by our customer. Workers' compensation costs consist primarily of claims reserves, claims administration fees, legal fees, medical cost containment (“MCC”) expense, state administrative agency fees, third-party broker commissions, risk manager payroll, premiums for excess insurance, and the fronted insurance program, as well as costs associated with operating our two wholly owned insurance companies, AICE and Ecole.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

We consider non-restricted short-term investments that are highly liquid, readily convertible into cash, and have maturities at acquisition of less than three months to be cash equivalents for purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows and consolidated balance sheets. The Company maintains cash balances in bank accounts that normally exceed FDIC insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses related to its cash concentration.

Investments

Investments

The Company classifies investments as available-for-sale. The Company’s investments are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, shown as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity.Investments are recorded as current and noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheets based on maturity date. Management considers available evidence in evaluating potential impairment of investments, including the duration and extent to which fair value is less than cost. Realized gains and losses on sales of investments are included in investment income in our consolidated statements of operations. In the event a loss is determined to be other-than-temporary, the loss will be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Restricted cash and investments

Restricted cash and investments

The Company holds restricted cash and investments primarily for the future payment of workers’ compensation claims. These investments are categorized as available-for-sale. They are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, shown as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Restricted cash and investments are classified as current and noncurrent on the consolidated balance sheets based on the nature of the restriction. Management considers available evidence in evaluating potential impairment of restricted investments, including the duration and extent to which fair value is less than cost. Realized gains and losses on sales of restricted investments are included in investment income in our consolidated statements of operations. In the event a loss is determined to be other-than-temporary, the loss will be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.

Restricted cash and investments also includes investments held as part of the Company’s deferred compensation plan. These investments are classified as trading securities and are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of other income (expense), net.

Allowance for doubtful accounts

Allowance for doubtful accounts

The Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $533,000 and $265,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We make estimates of the collectability of our accounts receivable for services provided to our customers. Management analyzes historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customers' payment trends when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. If the financial condition of our customers deteriorates resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.

Our allowance for doubtful accounts activity is summarized as follows (in thousands):

	2018		2017			2016
Balance at January 1,
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	265	$	78		$	268
Charges to expense		268		192			(115	)
Write-offs of uncollectible accounts, net    of recoveries		—		(5	)		(75	)
Balance at December 31,
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	533	$	265		$	78

Income taxes

Income taxes

Our income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach. This requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities at the applicable tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded against deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization include the Company’s forecast of the reversal of temporary differences, future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets. Failure to achieve forecasted taxable income in applicable tax jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets and could result in an increase in the Company’s effective tax rate on future earnings.

The determination of our provision for income taxes requires significant judgment, the use of estimates, and the interpretation and application of complex tax laws. Significant judgment is required in assessing the timing and amounts of deductible and taxable items and the probability of sustaining uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions if it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on examination by the tax authorities. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. As facts and circumstances change, we reassess these probabilities and record any changes in the consolidated financial statements as appropriate. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for a business combination and the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment annually, or more frequently if circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is below its carrying value. The Company has one reporting unit and evaluates the carrying value of goodwill annually at December 31. No impairment has been recognized in the periods presented.

Property, equipment and software

Property, equipment and software

Property, equipment and software are stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to selling, general and administrative expenses as incurred and expenditures for additions and improvements are capitalized. The cost of assets sold or otherwise disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.

Depreciation of property, equipment and software is calculated using either straight-line or accelerated methods over estimated useful lives of the related assets or lease terms, as follows:

	Years
Buildings	39
Office furniture and fixtures	7
Computer hardware and software	3-10
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life

Impairment of long-lived assets

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, equipment and software and acquired intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the remaining estimated useful life may warrant revision or that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Some of the events or changes in circumstances that would trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant under-performance relative to expected and/or historical results, significant negative industry or economic trends, or knowledge of transactions involving the sale of similar property at amounts below the carrying value.

Assets are grouped for measurement of impairment at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets. If the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group, then an impairment charge is recognized to the extent the carrying amount exceeds the asset group’s fair value. In determining fair value, management considers current results, trends, future prospects, and other economic factors.

Leases

Leases

The Company leases office facilities and equipment under operating leases. For significant lease agreements that provide for escalating rent payments or free-rent occupancy periods, the Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable lease term. Deferred rent is included in other accrued liabilities and customer deposits and other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Workers' compensation claims liabilities

Workers’ compensation claims liabilities

Our workers’ compensation claims liabilities do not represent an exact calculation of liability but rather management’s best estimate, utilizing actuarial expertise and projection techniques, at a given reporting date. The estimated liability for open workers’ compensation claims is based on an evaluation of information provided by our third-party administrators for workers’ compensation claims, coupled with an actuarial estimate of future adverse loss development with respect to reported claims and incurred but not reported claims (together, “IBNR”). Workers’ compensation claims liabilities included case reserve estimates for reported losses, plus additional amounts for estimated IBNR claims, MCC and legal costs, and unallocated loss adjustment expenses. The estimate of incurred costs expected to be paid within one year is included in current liabilities, while the estimate of incurred costs expected to be paid beyond one year is included in long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. These estimates are reviewed at least quarterly and adjustments to estimated liabilities are reflected in current operating results as they become known.

The process of arriving at an estimate of unpaid claims and claims adjustment expense involves a high degree of judgment and is affected by both internal and external events, including changes in claims handling practices, changes in reserve estimation procedures, inflation, trends in the litigation and settlement of pending claims, and legislative changes.

Our estimates are based on informed judgment, derived from individual experience and expertise applied to multiple sets of data and analyses. We consider significant facts and circumstances known both at the time that loss reserves are initially established and as new facts and circumstances become known. Due to the inherent uncertainty underlying loss reserve estimates, the expenses incurred through final resolution of our liability for our workers’ compensation claims will likely vary from the related loss reserves at the reporting date. Therefore, as specific claims are paid out in the future, actual paid losses may be materially different from our current loss reserves.

A basic premise in most actuarial analyses is that historical data and past patterns demonstrated in the incurred and paid historical data form a reasonable basis upon which to project future outcomes, absent a material change. Significant structural changes to the available data can materially impact the reserve estimation process. To the extent a material change affecting the ultimate claim liability becomes known, such change is quantified to the extent possible through an analysis of internal Company data and, if available and when appropriate, external data. Nonetheless, actuaries exercise a considerable degree of judgment in the evaluation of these factors and the need for such actuarial judgment is more pronounced when faced with material uncertainties.

Customer incentives

Customer incentives

We accrue for and present expected customer incentives as a reduction of revenue. Safety incentives represent cash incentives paid to certain PEO client companies for maintaining safe work practices and minimizing workplace injuries. The incentive is based on a percentage of annual payroll and is paid annually to customers who meet predetermined workers’ compensation claims cost objectives. Safety incentive payments are made only after closure of all workers' compensation claims incurred during the customer’s contract period. The safety incentive liability is estimated and accrued each month based upon contract year-to-date payroll and the then current amount of the customer’s estimated workers’ compensation claims reserves as established by us and our third party administrator. The Company provided $29.2 million and $28.5 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as an estimate of the liability for unpaid safety incentives. A one-time customer incentive of $9.8 million was declared in December of 2018, and is included in other accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Customer deposits

Customer deposits

We require deposits from certain PEO customers to cover a portion of our accounts receivable due from such customers in the event of default of payment.

Comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity during a period except those that resulted from investments by or distributions to the Company's stockholders.

Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are included in comprehensive income (loss), but excluded from net income (loss) as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to stockholders' equity. Our other comprehensive income (loss) comprises unrealized holding gains and losses on our available-for-sale investments.

Statements of cash flows

Statements of cash flows

Interest paid in 2018, 2017, and 2016 did not materially differ from interest expense. Income taxes paid by the Company totaled $1.8 million, $9.9 million, and $4.2 million in 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

Bank deposits and other cash equivalents that are restricted for use are classified as restricted cash. The table below reconciles the cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balances from our consolidated balance sheets to the amounts reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	December 31,		December 31,		December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,371	$	59,835	$	50,768
Restricted cash, included in restricted cash and investments		105,331		60,370		290,562
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the    statement of cash flows	$	140,702	$	120,205	$	341,330

Basic and diluted earnings per share

Basic and diluted earnings per share

Basic earnings per share are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for each year using the treasury method. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential effects of the exercise of outstanding stock options and the issuance of stock associated with outstanding restricted stock units. Basic and diluted shares outstanding are summarized as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended
	December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Weighted average number of basic shares outstanding		7,342		7,275		7,226
Effect of dilutive securities		305		276		152
Weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding		7,647		7,551		7,378

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash,” prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on the Company’s financial condition, operating results, cash flows or stockholders’ equity.

Accounting estimates

Accounting estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates are used for fair value measurement of investments, allowance for doubtful accounts, deferred income taxes, carrying values for goodwill and property and equipment, accrued workers' compensation liabilities, and customer incentive liabilities. Actual results may or may not differ from such estimates.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The core principle of the update is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The update also requires disclosure of sufficient information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. We have adopted ASU 2014-09

effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. We have determined that there are no material changes to our revenue recognition policies or to our consolidated financial statements as a result of adopting the standard.  

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases.” The core principle is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases, including operating leases. Under the new guidance, a lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee have not significantly changed from previous GAAP. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years. We expect the lease commitments discussed in “Note 8 - Commitments” to appear on our consolidated balance sheets in the form of a right of use asset and a lease liability. Such amounts are based on the present value of such commitments using our incremental borrowing rate. We plan to utilize the transition package of practical expedients permitted within the new standard, which among other things, allows us to carry forward the historical lease classification.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash.” The amendments in this update require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. We have retrospectively adopted this standard effective January 1, 2018. The Company’s balance of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents was $105.3million, $60.4 million and $290.6 million for the periods ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The adoption of the guidance also requires us to reconcile our cash balance on the consolidated statements of cash flows to the cash balance presented on the consolidated balance sheets. See “Statements of cash flows” within “Note 1 - Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies” for these disclosures.

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Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Summary of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Our allowance for doubtful accounts activity is summarized as follows (in thousands):

	2018		2017			2016
Balance at January 1,
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	265	$	78		$	268
Charges to expense		268		192			(115	)
Write-offs of uncollectible accounts, net    of recoveries		—		(5	)		(75	)
Balance at December 31,
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	533	$	265		$	78

Property Plant And Equipment Estimated Useful Life Table Text Block

Depreciation of property, equipment and software is calculated using either straight-line or accelerated methods over estimated useful lives of the related assets or lease terms, as follows:

	Years
Buildings	39
Office furniture and fixtures	7
Computer hardware and software	3-10
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life

Schedule of Reconciles of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Balances

The table below reconciles the cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balances from our consolidated balance sheets to the amounts reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

	December 31,		December 31,		December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	35,371	$	59,835	$	50,768
Restricted cash, included in restricted cash and investments		105,331		60,370		290,562
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the    statement of cash flows	$	140,702	$	120,205	$	341,330

Summary of Basic and Diluted Common Shares Outstanding

Basic and diluted shares outstanding are summarized as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended
	December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Weighted average number of basic shares outstanding		7,342		7,275		7,226
Effect of dilutive securities		305		276		152
Weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding		7,647		7,551		7,378

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Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Investments Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the Company’s investments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018							December 31, 2017
										Gross
			Gross							Unrealized
			Unrealized			Recorded				Gains			Recorded
	Cost		(Losses)			Basis		Cost		(Losses)			Basis
Current:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	30	$	—		$	30	$	121	$	—		$	121
U.S. treasuries		—		—			—		100		—			100
Total cash equivalents		30		—			30		221		—			221
Investments:
U.S. treasuries		347		—			347		199		—			199
U.S. government agency securities		50		(1	)		49		65		—			65
Corporate bonds		20		—			20		400		—			400
Municipal bonds		—		—			—		10		—			10
Certificates of deposit		—		—			—		—		—			—
Total current investments		417		(1	)		416		674		—			674
Long term:
Investments:
U.S. treasuries		794		(3	)		791		202		(2	)		200
Mortgage backed securities		484		(13	)		471		577		(5	)		572
Corporate bonds		422		(7	)		415		419		(2	)		417
Asset backed securities		10		—			10		10		—			10
Total long term investments		1,710		(23	)		1,687		1,208		(9	)		1,199
Restricted cash and investments (1):
Corporate bonds		185,116		(3,739	)		181,377		184,808		(953	)		183,855
Mortgage backed securities		89,426		(2,026	)		87,400		86,240		(595	)		85,645
U.S. government agency securities		45,548		(908	)		44,640		38,168		(222	)		37,946
U.S. treasuries		44,304		(283	)		44,021		45,833		(143	)		45,690
Supranational		4,765		(24	)		4,741		—		—			—
Mutual funds		1,093		—			1,093		—		—			—
Money market funds		419		—			419		16,018		—			16,018
Asset backed securities		75		(1	)		74		—		—			—
Municipal bonds		50		—			50		472		(14	)		458
Commercial paper		—		—			—		18,973		—			18,973
Total restricted cash and investments		370,796		(6,981	)		363,815		390,512		(1,927	)		388,585
Total investments	$	372,953	$	(7,005	)	$	365,948	$	392,615	$	(1,936	)	$	390,679

(1) Included in restricted cash and investments within the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 is restricted cash of $104.5 million and $6.3 million, respectively, which is excluded from the table above. Restricted cash and investments are classified as current and noncurrent on the balance sheet based on the nature of the restriction.

Summary of Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The following table summarizes the Company's investments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 measured at fair value on a recurring basis by fair value hierarchy level (in thousands):

	December 31, 2018										December 31, 2017
	Total										Total
	Recorded										Recorded
	Basis		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Other (1)		Basis		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Other (1)
Cash equivalents:
Money market    funds	$	30	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	30	$	121	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	121
U.S. treasuries		—		—		—		—		—		100		—		100		—
Investments:
U.S. treasuries		1,138		—		1,138		—		—		399		—		399		—		—
Mortgage backed    securities		471		—		471		—		—		572		—		572		—		—
Corporate bonds		435		—		435		—		—		817		—		817		—		—
U.S. government    agency securities		49		—		49		—		—		65		—		65		—		—
Asset backed securities		10		—		10		—		—		10		—		10		—		—
Municipal bonds		—		—		—		—		—		10		—		10		—		—
Restricted cash and investments:
Corporate bonds		181,377		—		181,377		—		—		183,855		—		183,855		—		—
Mortgage backed    securities		87,400		—		87,400		—		—		85,645		—		85,645		—		—
U.S. government    agency securities		44,640		—		44,640		—		—		37,946		—		37,946		—		—
U.S. treasuries		44,021		—		44,021		—		—		45,690		—		45,690		—		—
Supranational		4,741		—		4,741		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Mutual funds		1,093		1,093		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Money market    funds		419		—		—		—		419		16,018		—		—		—		16,018
Asset backed securities		74		—		74		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Municipal bonds		50		—		50		—		—		458		—		458		—		—
Commercial paper		—		—		—		—		—		18,973		—		18,973		—		—
Total investments	$	365,948	$	1,093	$	364,406	$	—	$	449	$	390,679	$	—	$	374,540	$	—	$	16,139

(1) Investments in money market funds measured at fair value using the net asset value per share practical expedient are not subject to hierarchy level classification disclosure. The Company invests in money market funds that seek to maintain a stable net asset value. These investments include commingled funds that comprise high-quality short-term securities representing liquid debt and monetary instruments where the redemption value is likely to be the fair value. Redemption is permitted daily without written notice.

Summary of Contractual Maturities of Available for Sale Securities

The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of the Company’s available for sale securities at December 31, 2018 and 2017. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations with our without prepayment penalties.

	December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Less than 1 Year		Between 1 to 5 Years		Between 5 to 10 Years		After 10 Years		Total
Corporate bonds	$	14,183	$	144,894	$	22,735	$	—	$	181,812
U.S. treasuries		4,919		40,240		—		—		45,159
U.S. government agency securities		4,788		7,031		32,870		—		44,689
Supranational		—		4,741		—		—		4,741
Money market funds		449		—		—		—		449
Asset backed securities		—		84		—		—		84
Municipal bonds		50		—		—		—		50
Total	$	24,389	$	196,990	$	55,605	$	—	$	276,984
	December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Less than 1 Year		Between 1 to 5 Years		Between 5 to 10 Years		After 10 Years		Total
Corporate bonds	$	5,426	$	153,567	$	19,102	$	6,577	$	184,672
U.S. treasuries		32,466		13,723		—		—		46,189
U.S. government agency securities		65		4,355		33,591		—		38,011
Commercial Paper		18,973		—		—		—		18,973
Money market funds		16,139		—		—		—		16,139
Municipal bonds		468		—		—		—		468
Asset backed securities		—		10		—		—		10
Total	$	73,537	$	171,655	$	52,693	$	6,577	$	304,462

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Property, Equipment and Software (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Summary of Property, Equipment and Software

Property, equipment and software consist of the following (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2018			2017
Buildings	$	16,501		$	15,431
Office furniture and fixtures		11,809			10,303
Computer hardware and software		16,484			15,056
Other		178			1,129
		44,972			41,919
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(21,650	)		(18,500	)
		23,322			23,419
Land		1,490			1,490
	$	24,812		$	24,909

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Workers' Compensation Claims (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Text Block [Abstract]

Summarizes Aggregate Workers' Compensation Reserve Activity

The following table summarizes the aggregate workers' compensation reserve activity (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Beginning balance
Workers' compensation claims liabilities	$	363,517		$	312,537		$	255,675
Add: claims expense accrual
Current period		162,525			154,091			137,852
Prior periods		(3,846	)		5,159			(301	)
		158,679			159,250			137,551
Less: claim payments related to
Current period		23,444			19,537			20,180
Prior periods		85,603			82,573			69,626
		109,047			102,110			89,806
Add: change in claims incurred in excess of       retention limits		248			(6,160	)		9,117
Ending balance
Workers' compensation claims liabilities	$	413,397		$	363,517		$	312,537
Incurred but not reported (IBNR)	$	260,529		$	202,227		$	158,169
Ratio of IBNR to workers' compensation claims    liabilities		63	%		56	%		51	%

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Commitments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Minimum Annual Payments in Operating Lease Agreements

Our operating lease agreements require minimum annual payments as follows (in thousands):

Year Ending
December 31,
2019	$	7,135
2020		6,198
2021		5,673
2022		4,125
2023		2,642
Thereafter		1,474
	$	27,247

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Provision for Income Taxes from Continuing Operations

The provision for income taxes from operations is as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Current:
Federal	$	7,412		$	5,080		$	6,442
State		408			89			2,030
		7,820			5,169			8,472
Deferred:
Federal		(824	)		6,310			85
State		(289	)		(2,271	)		(1,770	)
		(1,113	)		4,039			(1,685	)
Total provision	$	6,707		$	9,208		$	6,787

Summary of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following components (in thousands):

	December 31,
	2018			2017
Deferred income tax assets:
Workers' compensation claims liabilities	$	9,261		$	8,124
MCC accrual		2,234			3,390
Customer incentives		2,718			—
Deferred compensation		1,541			1,040
Equity based compensation		994			811
Tax effect of unrealized losses, net		1,966			523
Alternative minimum tax credit carryforward		—			1,815
State credit carryforward		988			988
State loss carryforward		2,396			2,715
Other		1,703			354
		23,801			19,760
Less valuation allowance		264			264
		23,537			19,496
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Tax depreciation in excess of book depreciation		(4,258	)		(3,220	)
Tax amortization of goodwill		(9,948	)		(9,558	)
Other		(873	)		(884	)
		(15,079	)		(13,662	)
Net deferred income tax assets	$	8,458		$	5,834

Summary of Effective Tax Rate for Continuing Operations Differed from U.S. Statutory Federal Tax Rate

The effective tax rate for operations differed from the U.S. statutory federal tax rate due to the following:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2018				2017				2016
Statutory federal tax rate		21.0		%		35.0		%		35.0		%
State taxes, net of federal benefit		0.3				(4.0	)			1.1
Adjustment for final positions on filed returns		(1.1	)			(1.1	)			0.2
Nondeductible expenses and other, net		1.2				1.5				1.8
Federal and state tax credits		(6.4	)			(7.7	)			(11.6	)
Change in federal tax rate		—				3.2				—
Other, net		—				(0.1	)			—
		15.0		%		26.8		%		26.5		%

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Stock Incentive Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Summary of Stock Options Activity

A summary of the status of the Company’s stock options at December 31, 2018, together with changes during the periods then ended, is presented below:

						Weighted
				Weighted		Average		Aggregate
				Average		Remaining		Intrinsic
	Number			Exercise		Contractual		Value
	of Options			Price		Term (Years)		(In Thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		292,400		$	17.99		—		—
Options granted at market price		120,000			82.21		—		—
Options exercised		(40,140	)		14.39		—		—
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		372,260			39.08		4.86		9,759
Exercisable at December 31, 2018		219,135			17.73		2.56	$	8,661

Summary of Fair Value of Stock Option Awards Under Black-Scholes Option-Pricing Model

The fair value of stock option awards as determined under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model was estimated with the following weighted-average assumptions:

	2018			2016
Expected volatility		42.2	%		55.2		%
Risk free interest rate		2.7	%		1.2		%
Expected dividend yield		1.2	%		2.2		%
Expected term		8.3 years			6.2 years
Weighted average fair value per share	$	36.41		$		17.10

Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity

The following table presents restricted stock unit activity:

				Weighted Average
				Grant Date
	Units			Fair Value
Nonvested at December 31, 2017		234,383		$	47.26
Granted		55,352			96.31
Vested		(53,938	)		46.56
Cancelled/Forfeited		(31,943	)		46.20
Nonvested at December 31, 2018		203,854		$	60.93

XML

Quarterly Financial Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Quarterly Financial Information

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Quarter Ended
	March 31			June 30		September 30		December 31
Year ended December 31, 2018
Revenues	$	223,975		$	231,603	$	247,287	$	237,832
Cost of revenues		207,713			183,123		187,602		175,588
Gross margin		16,262			48,480		59,685		62,244
Net (loss) income		(9,123	)		11,240		19,087		16,856
Basic (loss) income per common share		(1.25	)		1.54		2.59		2.28
Diluted (loss) income per common share		(1.25	)		1.46		2.50		2.21
Year ended December 31, 2017
Revenues	$	209,997		$	225,574	$	240,135	$	244,726
Cost of revenues		199,547			181,360		185,218		195,776
Gross margin		10,450			44,214		54,917		48,950
Net (loss) income		(11,227	)		11,126		14,785		10,486
Basic (loss) income per common share		(1.55	)		1.53		2.03		1.44
Diluted (loss) income per common share		(1.55	)		1.47		1.96		1.38

XML

Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) Branch Segment Company	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Basis Of Presentation Of Interim Period Statements [Line Items]
Number Of Branch Offices | Branch	62
Number of operating segment | Segment	1
Revenue recognition professional employer service contracts term	1 year
Professional employer service contract cancellation and termination period	30 days
Payment term for staffing customers	30 days
Number of wholly-owned insurance companies | Company	2
Cash and cash equivalents, maturity term	3 months
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 533,000	$ 265,000	$ 78,000	$ 268,000
Number of reporting units | Segment	1
Goodwill and intangible assets impairment	$ 0
Estimate of liability for unpaid safety incentives	29,200,000	28,500,000
Income taxes paid (received)	1,800,000	9,900,000	4,200,000
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents	105,331,000	$ 60,370,000	$ 290,562,000
Other Accrued Liabilities [Member]
Basis Of Presentation Of Interim Period Statements [Line Items]
One-time customer Incentive	9,800,000
Maximum [Member] | AICE [Member]
Basis Of Presentation Of Interim Period Statements [Line Items]
Reinsurance coverage	$ 5,000,000
Minimum [Member]
Basis Of Presentation Of Interim Period Statements [Line Items]
Likelihood of tax benefit being realized upon settlement	50.00%
Minimum [Member] | Chubb Limited [Member]
Basis Of Presentation Of Interim Period Statements [Line Items]
Excess workers' compensation insurance coverage with Chubb	$ 5,000,000
California [Member] | Revenue [Member] | Geographic Concentration Risk [Member]
Basis Of Presentation Of Interim Period Statements [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue attributable to geographic area	79.00%	79.00%	78.00%
Maryland [Member] | AICE [Member]
Basis Of Presentation Of Interim Period Statements [Line Items]
Reinsurance coverage	$ 1,000,000
Maryland [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Chubb Limited [Member]
Basis Of Presentation Of Interim Period Statements [Line Items]
Excess workers' compensation insurance coverage with Chubb	1,000,000
Colorado [Member] | AICE [Member]
Basis Of Presentation Of Interim Period Statements [Line Items]
Reinsurance coverage	$ 2,000,000
Colorado [Member] | Chubb Limited [Member]
Basis Of Presentation Of Interim Period Statements [Line Items]
Excess workers' compensation insurance coverage with American Insurance Company	statutory limits
Colorado [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Chubb Limited [Member]
Basis Of Presentation Of Interim Period Statements [Line Items]
Excess workers' compensation insurance coverage with Chubb	$ 2,000,000

XML

Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Receivables [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts, beginning balance	$ 265,000	$ 78,000	$ 268,000
Charges to expense	268,000	192,000	(115,000)
Write-offs of uncollectible accounts, net of recoveries		(5,000)	(75,000)
Allowance for doubtful accounts, ending balance	$ 533,000	$ 265,000	$ 78,000

XML

Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Property, Equipment and Software Over Estimated Useful Life (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018
Buildings [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	39 years
Office Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	7 years
Leasehold improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of lease term or estimated useful life
Minimum [Member] | Computer Hardware and Software [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	3 years
Maximum [Member] | Computer Hardware and Software [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	10 years

XML

Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Reconciles of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Balances (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash Cash Equivalents Restricted Cash And Restricted Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 35,371	$ 59,835	$ 50,768
Restricted cash, included in restricted cash and investments	105,331	60,370	290,562
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$ 140,702	$ 120,205	$ 341,330

XML

Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Basic and Diluted Common Shares Outstanding (Detail) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Weighted Average Number Of Shares Outstanding Diluted Disclosure Items [Abstract]
Weighted average number of basic shares outstanding	7,342	7,275	7,226
Effect of dilutive securities	305	276	152
Weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding	7,647	7,551	7,378

XML

Concentration of Credit Risk - Additional Information (Detail) - Credit Concentration Risk [Member] $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Corporate Bonds [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Fair value of financial instruments	$ 181.8
Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Fair value of financial instruments	87.9
U.S. Treasuries [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Fair value of financial instruments	45.2
U.S. Government Agency Securities [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Fair value of financial instruments	$ 44.7

XML

Fair Value Measurement - Summary of Investments Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	$ 372,953	$ 392,615
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(7,005)	(1,936)
Recorded Basis	365,948	390,679
Investments Current [Member] | Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	30	221
Recorded Basis	30	221
Investments Current [Member] | Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	30	121
Recorded Basis	30	121
Investments Current [Member] | Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member] | U.S. Treasuries [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost		100
Recorded Basis		100
Investments Current [Member] | Investments [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	417	674
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(1)
Recorded Basis	416	674
Investments Current [Member] | Investments [Member] | U.S. Treasuries [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	347	199
Recorded Basis	347	199
Investments Current [Member] | Investments [Member] | Corporate Bonds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	20	400
Recorded Basis	20	400
Investments Current [Member] | Investments [Member] | U.S. Government Agency Securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	50	65
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(1)
Recorded Basis	49	65
Investments Current [Member] | Investments [Member] | Municipal Bonds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost		10
Recorded Basis		10
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Investments [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	1,710	1,208
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(23)	(9)
Recorded Basis	1,687	1,199
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Investments [Member] | U.S. Treasuries [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	794	202
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(3)	(2)
Recorded Basis	791	200
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Investments [Member] | Corporate Bonds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	422	419
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(7)	(2)
Recorded Basis	415	417
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Investments [Member] | Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	484	577
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(13)	(5)
Recorded Basis	471	572
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Investments [Member] | Asset Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	10	10
Recorded Basis	10	10
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Restricted Cash and Investments [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	370,796	390,512
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(6,981)	(1,927)
Recorded Basis	363,815	388,585
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	419	16,018
Recorded Basis	419	16,018
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | U.S. Treasuries [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	44,304	45,833
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(283)	(143)
Recorded Basis	44,021	45,690
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Corporate Bonds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	185,116	184,808
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(3,739)	(953)
Recorded Basis	181,377	183,855
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | U.S. Government Agency Securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	45,548	38,168
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(908)	(222)
Recorded Basis	44,640	37,946
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Municipal Bonds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	50	472
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)		(14)
Recorded Basis	50	458
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	89,426	86,240
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(2,026)	(595)
Recorded Basis	87,400	85,645
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Asset Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	75
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(1)
Recorded Basis	74
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Supranational [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	4,765
Gross Unrealized Gains (Losses)	(24)
Recorded Basis	4,741
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Mutual Funds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost	1,093
Recorded Basis	$ 1,093
Investments Noncurrent [Member] | Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Commercial Paper [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cost		18,973
Recorded Basis		$ 18,973

XML

Fair Value Measurement - Summary of Investments Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Restricted cash	$ 104.5	$ 6.3

XML

Fair Value Measurement - Summary of Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Detail) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	$ 365,948	$ 390,679
Other [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	449	16,139
Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	1,093
Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	364,406	374,540
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	30	121
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member] | Other [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	30	121
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member] | U.S. Treasuries [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis		100
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Member] | U.S. Treasuries [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis		100
Investments [Member] | U.S. Treasuries [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	1,138	399
Investments [Member] | U.S. Treasuries [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	1,138	399
Investments [Member] | Corporate Bonds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	435	817
Investments [Member] | Corporate Bonds [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	435	817
Investments [Member] | Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	471	572
Investments [Member] | Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	471	572
Investments [Member] | U.S. Government Agency Securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	49	65
Investments [Member] | U.S. Government Agency Securities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	49	65
Investments [Member] | Municipal Bonds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis		10
Investments [Member] | Municipal Bonds [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis		10
Investments [Member] | Asset Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	10	10
Investments [Member] | Asset Backed Securities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	10	10
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	419	16,018
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Money Market Funds [Member] | Other [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	419	16,018
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | U.S. Treasuries [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	44,021	45,690
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | U.S. Treasuries [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	44,021	45,690
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Corporate Bonds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	181,377	183,855
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Corporate Bonds [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	181,377	183,855
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	87,400	85,645
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Mortgage Backed Securities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	87,400	85,645
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | U.S. Government Agency Securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	44,640	37,946
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | U.S. Government Agency Securities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	44,640	37,946
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Municipal Bonds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	50	458
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Municipal Bonds [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	50	458
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Asset Backed Securities [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	74
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Asset Backed Securities [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	74
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Supranational [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	4,741
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Supranational [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	4,741
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Mutual Funds [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	1,093
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Mutual Funds [Member] | Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis	$ 1,093
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Commercial Paper [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis		18,973
Restricted Cash and Investments [Member] | Commercial Paper [Member] | Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value Assets And Liabilities Measured On Recurring And Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Recorded Basis		$ 18,973

XML

Fair Value Measurement - Summary of Contractual Maturities of Available for Sale Securities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities less than 1 year	$ 24,389	$ 73,537
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities between 1 to 5 years	196,990	171,655
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities between 5 to 10 years	55,605	52,693
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities after 10 years		6,577
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities, Total	276,984	304,462
Corporate Bonds [Member]
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities less than 1 year	14,183	5,426
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities between 1 to 5 years	144,894	153,567
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities between 5 to 10 years	22,735	19,102
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities after 10 years		6,577
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities, Total	181,812	184,672
U.S. Treasuries [Member]
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities less than 1 year	4,919	32,466
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities between 1 to 5 years	40,240	13,723
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities, Total	45,159	46,189
U.S. Government Agency Securities [Member]
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities less than 1 year	4,788	65
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities between 1 to 5 years	7,031	4,355
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities between 5 to 10 years	32,870	33,591
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities, Total	44,689	38,011
Commercial Paper [Member]
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities less than 1 year		18,973
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities, Total		18,973
Supranational [Member]
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities between 1 to 5 years	4,741
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities, Total	4,741
Money Market Funds [Member]
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities less than 1 year	449	16,139
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities, Total	449	16,139
Asset Backed Securities [Member]
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities between 1 to 5 years	84	10
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities, Total	84	10
Municipal Bonds [Member]
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities less than 1 year	50	468
Available for sale securities, contractual maturities, Total	$ 50	$ 468

XML

Fair Value Measurement - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Mortgage Backed Securities [Member]
Schedule Of Available For Sale Securities [Line Items]
Average contractual maturity period	17 years	16 years

XML

Property, Equipment and Software - Summary of Property, Equipment and Software (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment	$ 44,972	$ 41,919
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(21,650)	(18,500)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	23,322	23,419
Land	1,490	1,490
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	24,812	24,909
Buildings [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment	16,501	15,431
Office Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment	11,809	10,303
Computer Hardware and Software [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment	16,484	15,056
Other [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment	$ 178	$ 1,129

XML

Workers' Compensation Claims - Summarizes Aggregate Workers' Compensation Reserve Activity (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Workers Compensation Reserve [Abstract]
Workers’ compensation claims liabilities, Beginning balance	$ 363,517	$ 312,537	$ 255,675
Add: claims expense accrual
Current period	162,525	154,091	137,852
Prior periods	(3,846)	5,159	(301)
Total expense accrual	158,679	159,250	137,551
Less: claim payments related to
Current period	23,444	19,537	20,180
Prior periods	85,603	82,573	69,626
Total paid	109,047	102,110	89,806
Add: change in claims incurred in excess of retention limits	248	(6,160)	9,117
Workers' compensation claims liabilities, Ending balance	413,397	363,517	312,537
Incurred but not reported (IBNR)	$ 260,529	$ 202,227	$ 158,169
Ratio of IBNR to workers' compensation claims liabilities	63.00%	56.00%	51.00%

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Workers' Compensation Claims - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Worker's compensation risk claim maximum	$ 5,000,000	$ 5,000,000
Surety bonds	30,000,000
Balance in Chubb trust accounts		451,000,000	$ 380,600,000
Specified investment balances or other financial instruments		85,200,000	96,800,000
Surety bonds and standby letters of credit		85,200,000
Estimated future liability for unsettled workers' compensation		413,397,000	363,517,000	$ 312,537,000	$ 255,675,000
Reserves incurred in excess of retention limits		3,200,000	3,000,000
Other Assets [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Accrual for costs incurred in excess of retention limits offset by a receivable		3,200,000	$ 3,000,000
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Letter of credit	$ 63,700,000
Chubb Limited [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Worker's compensation risk claim maximum		5,000,000
Maryland [Member] | AICE [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Reinsurance coverage		1,000,000
Colorado [Member] | AICE [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Reinsurance coverage		$ 2,000,000
Colorado [Member] | Chubb Limited [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Excess workers' compensation insurance coverage with American Insurance Company		statutory limits
California [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Surety bonds and standby letters of credit		$ 70,600,000
Maximum [Member] | AICE [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Reinsurance coverage		5,000,000
Minimum [Member] | Chubb Limited [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Excess workers' compensation insurance coverage with Chubb		5,000,000
Minimum [Member] | Maryland [Member] | Chubb Limited [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Excess workers' compensation insurance coverage with Chubb		1,000,000
Minimum [Member] | Colorado [Member] | Chubb Limited [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Excess workers' compensation insurance coverage with Chubb		$ 2,000,000

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Revolving Credit Facility and Long-Term Debt - Additional Information (Detail) - Agreement [Member] - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018	Jul. 01, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility borrowing used		$ 5,900,000				$ 5,900,000
Line of credit facility commitment fee description						The Agreement also provides for an unused commitment fee of 0.375% per year on the average daily unused amount of the revolving credit line, as well as a fee of 1.75% of the face amount of each letter of credit reserved under the line of credit and 0.95% on standalone, fully secured letters of credit.
Outstanding balance on term loan and revolving credit facility		$ 0				$ 0		$ 0
Ratio of restricted and unrestricted cash and investments to workers' compensation and safety incentive liabilities		100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Line of credit facility dividend restrictions						the Company may not declare or pay any dividend in excess of $0.25 per share in total each fiscal quarter, subject to increase by no more than 10% each year beginning June 30, 2019, compared to the prior fiscal year
Dividends, per share		$ 0.25				$ 0.25
Dividend to be payable date						Jun. 30, 2019
Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
EBITDA	$ 30,000,000	$ 30,000,000	$ 30,000,000	$ 30,000,000	$ 30,000,000	$ 30,000,000
Maximum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Prohibition on incurring additional indebtedness without the prior approval of the Bank in purchase money financing						$ 1,000,000
Percentage of dividend payable						10.00%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility borrowing capacity							$ 28,000,000
Credit facility, expiration date						Jul. 01, 2020
Unused commitment fee on unused amount during period						0.375%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Daily Floating Rate [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Term loan from Bank, Interest rate description						the daily floating rate of one month LIBOR plus 1.75% or (b) the fixed rate of LIBOR plus 1.75%
LIBOR plus rate						1.75%
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Fixed Rate [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Term loan from Bank, Interest rate description						the fixed rate of LIBOR plus 1.75%
LIBOR plus rate						1.75%
Standby Letters of Credit [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility borrowing capacity		$ 7,500,000				$ 7,500,000	$ 7,500,000
Line of Credit [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Unused commitment fee on unused amount						1.75%
Fully Secured Letter of Credit [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Unused commitment fee on unused amount						0.95%
Chubb Letter of Credit [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Credit facility borrowing capacity	$ 63,700,000			$ 63,700,000
Credit facility, expiration date	Jul. 01, 2019
Percentage of initial fee under letter of credit						2.50%
Percentage of aggregate fee under letter of credit						95.00%
Percentage of annual fee under letter of credit		1.25%				1.25%
Chubb Letter of Credit [Member] | Collateral Accounts [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Percentage of deposit in collateral accounts						50.00%
Chubb Letter of Credit [Member] | Collateral Accounts [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Deposit in collateral accounts		$ 16,000,000				$ 16,000,000
Term Loan [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Term loan from Bank, Interest rate description						one month LIBOR plus 2.0%
Term loan with principal bank		$ 4,200,000				$ 4,200,000		$ 4,400,000
Payment of monthly principal of term loan						$ 18,375
Term Loan [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
LIBOR plus rate						2.00%

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Benefit Plans - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]
Discretionary Company contributions	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Deferred compensation plan liability	$ 1,100,000	$ 87,000

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Commitments - Summary of Minimum Annual Payments in Operating Lease Agreements (Detail) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2019	$ 7,135
2020	6,198
2021	5,673
2022	4,125
2023	2,642
Thereafter	1,474
Total	$ 27,247

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Commitments - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Leases [Abstract]
Lease expense	$ 7.9	$ 4.9	$ 4.5

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Statutory corporate tax rate	21.00%	35.00%	35.00%
Tax cuts and jobs act of 2017, accounting complete	true
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Federal General Business Tax Credit Carry Forward [Member]
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax credit carry forwards	0
Alternative Minimum Tax Credit Carry Forward [Member]
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax credit carry forwards	0
State [Member]
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating loss carry forwards	$ 35,100,000
Net operating loss carry forwards expiration date	Dec. 31, 2025
Internal Revenue Service [Member]
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Open tax years	2011 2012 2013 2014

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Income Taxes - Summary of Provision for Income Taxes from Continuing Operations (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current:
Federal	$ 7,412	$ 5,080	$ 6,442
State	408	89	2,030
Current income tax expense	7,820	5,169	8,472
Deferred:
Federal	(824)	6,310	85
State	(289)	(2,271)	(1,770)
Deferred income taxes	(1,113)	4,039	(1,685)
Total provision	$ 6,707	$ 9,208	$ 6,787

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Income Taxes - Summary of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred income tax assets:
Workers' compensation claims liabilities	$ 9,261	$ 8,124
MCC accrual	2,234	3,390
Customer incentives	2,718
Deferred compensation	1,541	1,040
Equity based compensation	994	811
Tax effect of unrealized losses, net	1,966	523
Alternative minimum tax credit carryforward		1,815
State credit carryforward	988	988
State loss carryforward	2,396	2,715
Other	1,703	354
Deferred tax assets, gross total	23,801	19,760
Less valuation allowance	264	264
Deferred tax assets, net total	23,537	19,496
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Tax depreciation in excess of book depreciation	(4,258)	(3,220)
Tax amortization of goodwill	(9,948)	(9,558)
Other	(873)	(884)
Deferred Tax Liabilities, gross total	(15,079)	(13,662)
Net deferred income tax assets	$ 8,458	$ 5,834

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Income Taxes - Summary of Effective Tax Rate for Continuing Operations Differed from U.S. Statutory Federal Tax Rate (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Statutory federal tax rate	21.00%	35.00%	35.00%
State taxes, net of federal benefit	0.30%	(4.00%)	1.10%
Adjustment for final positions on filed returns	(1.10%)	(1.10%)	0.20%
Nondeductible expenses and other, net	1.20%	1.50%	1.80%
Federal and state tax credits	(6.40%)	(7.70%)	(11.60%)
Change in federal tax rate		3.20%
Other, net		(0.10%)
Total	15.00%	26.80%	26.50%

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Stock Incentive Plans - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) Installment $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
New grants of stock option | shares	0
Outstanding options expiration period from the date of grant	10 years
Share-based compensation expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses	$ 5,500,000	$ 4,200,000	$ 2,800,000
Share-based compensation, income tax benefits	$ 1,500,000	$ 1,500,000	$ 1,100,000
Stock Options [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of equal annual installments options are exercisable | Installment	4
Options exercisable period after date of grant	1 year
Weighted average fair value of stock options, granted | $ / shares	$ 36.41		$ 17.10
Stock options granted with an exercise price below market price | shares	0	0	0
Intrinsic value of stock options exercised	$ 2,500,000	$ 479,000	$ 113,000
Fair value of shares vested during the period	312,000	328,000	319,000
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 4,300,000
Weighted average remaining amortization period	7 years 1 month 6 days
Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options exercisable period after date of grant	1 year
Fair value of shares vested during the period	$ 4,000,000	$ 3,300,000	$ 1,900,000
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 10,100,000
Weighted average remaining amortization period	2 years 7 months 6 days
Number of equal annual installments in which restricted stock units generally vest | Installment	4
Performance Share Units (“PSUs”) [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	3 years
Maximum payout percentage	200.00%
Two Thousand And Fifteen Stock Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan | shares	1,000,000
Aggregate number of shares for which incentive stock options may be granted under the Plan | shares	900,000
2009 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available for grant | shares	506,295

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Stock Incentive Plans - Summary of Stock Options Activity (Detail) - Stock Options [Member] $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Outstanding beginning balance, Number of Options | shares	292,400
Options granted at market price, Number of Options | shares	120,000
Options exercised, Number of Options | shares	(40,140)
Outstanding ending balance, Number of Options | shares	372,260
Number of Options, exercisable stock options | shares	219,135
Outstanding beginning balance, Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ / shares	$ 17.99
Options granted at market price, Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ / shares	82.21
Options exercised, Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ / shares	14.39
Outstanding ending balance, Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ / shares	39.08
Weighted Average Exercise Price, exercisable stock options | $ / shares	$ 17.73
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term of outstanding stock options	4 years 10 months 9 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term of exercisable stock options	2 years 6 months 21 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, outstanding stock option | $	$ 9,759
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, exercisable stock option | $	$ 8,661

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Stock Incentive Plans - Summary of Fair Value of Stock Option Awards Under Black-Scholes Option-Pricing Model (Detail) - Stock Options [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2016
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility	42.20%	55.20%
Risk free interest rate	2.70%	1.20%
Expected dividend yield	1.20%	2.20%
Expected term	8 years 3 months 18 days	6 years 2 months 12 days
Weighted average fair value per share	$ 36.41	$ 17.10

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Stock Incentive Plans - Schedule of Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Detail) - Restricted Stock Units [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Nonvested beginning balance, Units | shares	234,383
Granted, Units | shares	55,352
Vested, Units | shares	(53,938)
Cancelled/Forfeited, Units | shares	(31,943)
Nonvested ending balance, Units | shares	203,854
Nonvested beginning balance, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 47.26
Granted, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	96.31
Vested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	46.56
Cancelled/Forfeited, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	46.20
Nonvested ending balance, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 60.93

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Stock Repurchase Program - Additional Information (Detail) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Equity [Abstract]
Cost of repurchase	1,100,000
Company repurchase of common stock, shares	0	0

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Litigation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Civil penalties to be paid after final regulatory approval	$ 1.5
Accrued litigation amount		$ 2.9

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Quarterly Financial Information - Summary of Quarterly Financial Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 237,832	$ 247,287	$ 231,603	$ 223,975	$ 244,726	$ 240,135	$ 225,574	$ 209,997	$ 940,698	$ 920,432	$ 840,586
Cost of revenues	175,588	187,602	183,123	207,713	195,776	185,218	181,360	199,547	754,025	761,901	695,050
Gross margin	62,244	59,685	48,480	16,262	48,950	54,917	44,214	10,450	186,673	158,531	145,536
Net (loss) income	$ 16,856	$ 19,087	$ 11,240	$ (9,123)	$ 10,486	$ 14,785	$ 11,126	$ (11,227)	$ 38,062	$ 25,170	$ 18,799
Basic (loss) income per common share	$ 2.28	$ 2.59	$ 1.54	$ (1.25)	$ 1.44	$ 2.03	$ 1.53	$ (1.55)	$ 5.18	$ 3.46	$ 2.60
Diluted (loss) income per common share	$ 2.21	$ 2.50	$ 1.46	$ (1.25)	$ 1.38	$ 1.96	$ 1.47	$ (1.55)	$ 4.98	$ 3.33	$ 2.55