STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION |
This is the Statement of Additional Information for all of the funds listed below. It is divided into two parts (Part I and Part II). Part I generally contains information that is particular to each fund, while Part II contains information that generally applies to all of the funds in the T. Rowe Price family of funds (Price Funds).
The date of this Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is November 19, 2013.
T. ROWE PRICE BALANCED FUND, INC. (RPBAX)
T. ROWE PRICE BLUE CHIP GROWTH FUND, INC. (TRBCX)
T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth FundAdvisor Class (PABGX)
T. Rowe Price Blue Chip Growth FundR Class (RRBGX)
T. ROWE PRICE CALIFORNIA TAX-FREE INCOME TRUST
California Tax-Free Bond Fund (PRXCX)
California Tax-Free Money Fund (PCTXX)
T. ROWE PRICE CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND (PRWCX)
T. Rowe Price Capital Appreciation FundAdvisor Class (PACLX)
T. ROWE PRICE CAPITAL OPPORTUNITY FUND, INC. (PRCOX)
T. Rowe Price Capital Opportunity FundAdvisor Class (PACOX)
T. Rowe Price Capital Opportunity FundR Class (RRCOX)
T. ROWE PRICE CORPORATE INCOME FUND, INC. (PRPIX)
T. ROWE PRICE DIVERSIFIED MID-CAP GROWTH FUND, INC. (PRDMX)
T. ROWE PRICE DIVERSIFIED SMALL-CAP GROWTH FUND, INC. (PRDSX)
T. ROWE PRICE DIVIDEND GROWTH FUND, INC. (PRDGX)
T. Rowe Price Dividend Growth FundAdvisor Class (TADGX)
T. ROWE PRICE EQUITY INCOME FUND (PRFDX)
T. Rowe Price Equity Income FundAdvisor Class (PAFDX)
T. Rowe Price Equity Income FundR Class (RRFDX)
T. ROWE PRICE FINANCIAL SERVICES FUND, INC. (PRISX)
T. ROWE PRICE FLOATING RATE FUND, INC. (PRFRX)
T. Rowe Price Floating Rate FundAdvisor Class (PAFRX)
T. ROWE PRICE GLOBAL ALLOCATION FUND, INC. (RPGAX)
T. Rowe Price Global Allocation FundAdvisor Class (PAFGX)
T. ROWE PRICE GLOBAL REAL ESTATE FUND, INC. (TRGRX)
T. Rowe Price Global Real Estate FundAdvisor Class (PAGEX)
T. ROWE PRICE GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY FUND, INC. (PRGTX)
T. ROWE PRICE GNMA FUND (PRGMX)
T. ROWE PRICE GROWTH & INCOME FUND, INC. (PRGIX)
T. ROWE PRICE GROWTH STOCK FUND, INC. (PRGFX)
T. Rowe Price Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class (TRSAX)
T. Rowe Price Growth Stock FundR Class (RRGSX)
T. ROWE PRICE HEALTH SCIENCES FUND, INC. (PRHSX)
T. ROWE PRICE HIGH YIELD FUND, INC. (PRHYX)
T. Rowe Price High Yield FundAdvisor Class (PAHIX)
T. ROWE PRICE INDEX TRUST, INC.
T. Rowe Price Equity Index 500 Fund (PREIX)
T. Rowe Price Extended Equity Market Index Fund (PEXMX)
T. Rowe Price Total Equity Market Index Fund (POMIX)
T. ROWE PRICE INFLATION FOCUSED BOND FUND, INC.
T. ROWE PRICE INFLATION PROTECTED BOND FUND, INC. (PRIPX)
T. ROWE PRICE INSTITUTIONAL EQUITY FUNDS, INC. (Institutional Equity Funds)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth Fund (TPLGX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Large-Cap Growth Fund (TRLGX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Large-Cap Value Fund (TILCX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth Fund (PMEGX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Small-Cap Stock Fund (TRSSX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional U.S. Structured Research Fund (TRISX)
C00-042 11/19/13
T. ROWE PRICE INSTITUTIONAL INCOME FUNDS, INC.
T. Rowe Price Institutional Core Plus Fund (TICPX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Core Plus FundF Class (PFCPX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Floating Rate Fund (RPIFX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Floating Rate FundF Class (PFFRX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Global Multi-Sector Bond Fund (RPGMX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional High Yield Fund (TRHYX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Long Duration Credit Fund (RPLCX)
T. ROWE PRICE INSTITUTIONAL INTERNATIONAL FUNDS, INC.
T. Rowe Price Institutional Africa & Middle East Fund (TRIAX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Concentrated International Equity Fund (RPICX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Emerging Markets Bond Fund (TREBX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Emerging Markets Equity Fund (IEMFX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional International Core Equity Fund (TRCEX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional International Growth Equity Fund (PRFEX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity Fund (formerly T. Rowe Price
Institutional Global Equity Fund) (TRGSX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Global Growth Equity Fund (formerly T. Rowe Price Institutional
Global Large-Cap Equity Fund) (RPIGX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional Global Value Equity Fund (PRIGX)
T. Rowe Price Institutional International Bond Fund (RPIIX)
T. ROWE PRICE INTERNATIONAL FUNDS, INC.
T. Rowe Price Africa & Middle East Fund (TRAMX)
T. Rowe Price Emerging Europe Fund (TREMX)
T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Bond Fund (PREMX)
T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Corporate Bond Fund (TRECX)
T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Corporate Bond FundAdvisor Class (PACEX)
T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund (PRELX)
T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond FundAdvisor Class (PAELX)
T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Stock Fund (PRMSX)
T. Rowe Price European Stock Fund (PRESX)
T. Rowe Price Global Industrials Fund (RPGIX)
T. Rowe Price Global Growth Stock Fund (formerly T. Rowe Price Global Large-Cap
Stock Fund) (RPGEX)
T. Rowe Price Global Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class (formerly T. Rowe Price Global Large-Cap Stock Fund) (PAGLX)
T. Rowe Price Global Infrastructure Fund (TRGFX)
T. Rowe Price Global Infrastructure FundAdvisor Class (PAGFX)
T. Rowe Price Global Stock Fund (PRGSX)
T. Rowe Price Global Stock FundAdvisor Class (PAGSX)
T. Rowe Price International Bond Fund® (RPIBX)
T. Rowe Price International Bond FundAdvisor Class (PAIBX)
T. Rowe Price International Discovery Fund (PRIDX)
T. Rowe Price International Growth & Income Fund (TRIGX)
T. Rowe Price International Growth & Income FundAdvisor Class (PAIGX)
T. Rowe Price International Growth & Income FundR Class (RRIGX)
T. Rowe Price International Stock Fund (PRITX)
T. Rowe Price International Stock FundAdvisor Class (PAITX)
T. Rowe Price International Stock FundR Class (RRITX)
T. Rowe Price Japan Fund (PRJPX)
T. Rowe Price Latin America Fund (PRLAX)
T. Rowe Price New Asia Fund (PRASX)
T. Rowe Price Overseas Stock Fund (TROSX)
T. ROWE PRICE INTERNATIONAL INDEX FUND, INC.
T. Rowe Price International Equity Index Fund (PIEQX)
T. ROWE PRICE MEDIA & TELECOMMUNICATIONS FUND, INC. (PRMTX)
T. ROWE PRICE MID-CAP GROWTH FUND, INC. (RPMGX)
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth FundAdvisor Class (PAMCX)
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Growth FundR Class (RRMGX)
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T. ROWE PRICE MID-CAP VALUE FUND, INC. (TRMCX)
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class (TAMVX)
T. Rowe Price Mid-Cap Value FundR Class (RRMVX)
T. ROWE PRICE MULTI-SECTOR ACCOUNT PORTFOLIOS, INC. (Multi-Sector Account Portfolios)
T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio (formerly T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Bond Multi-Sector Account Portfolio)
T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio
T. Rowe Price Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio
T. Rowe Price High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio
T. Rowe Price Investment-Grade Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio
T. Rowe Price Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio
T. ROWE PRICE NEW AMERICA GROWTH FUND (PRWAX)
T. Rowe Price New America Growth FundAdvisor Class (PAWAX)
T. ROWE PRICE NEW ERA FUND, INC. (PRNEX)
T. ROWE PRICE NEW HORIZONS FUND, INC. (PRNHX)
T. ROWE PRICE NEW INCOME FUND, INC. (PRCIX)
T. Rowe Price New Income FundAdvisor Class (PANIX)
T. Rowe Price New Income FundR Class (RRNIX)
T. ROWE PRICE PERSONAL STRATEGY FUNDS, INC. (Personal Strategy Funds)
T. Rowe Price Personal Strategy Balanced Fund (TRPBX)
T. Rowe Price Personal Strategy Growth Fund (TRSGX)
T. Rowe Price Personal Strategy Income Fund (PRSIX)
T. ROWE PRICE PRIME RESERVE FUND, INC. (PRRXX)
T. ROWE PRICE REAL ASSETS FUND, INC. (PRAFX)
T. ROWE PRICE REAL ESTATE FUND, INC. (TRREX)
T. Rowe Price Real Estate FundAdvisor Class (PAREX)
T. ROWE PRICE RESERVE INVESTMENT FUNDS, INC. (TRP Reserve Funds)
T. Rowe Price Government Reserve Investment Fund
(TRP Government Reserve
Investment Fund)
T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Fund (TRP Reserve Investment Fund)
T. Rowe Price Short-Term Government Reserve Fund
T. Rowe Price Short-Term Reserve Fund
T. ROWE PRICE RETIREMENT FUNDS, INC. (Retirement Funds)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2005 Fund (TRRFX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class (PARGX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2005 FundR Class (RRTLX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2010 Fund (TRRAX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class (PARAX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2010 FundR Class (RRTAX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2015 Fund (TRRGX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class (PARHX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2015 FundR Class (RRTMX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2020 Fund (TRRBX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class (PARBX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2020 FundR Class (RRTBX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2025 Fund (TRRHX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class (PARJX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2025 FundR Class (RRTNX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2030 Fund (TRRCX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class (PARCX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2030 FundR Class (RRTCX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2035 Fund (TRRJX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class (PARKX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2035 FundR Class (RRTPX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2040 Fund (TRRDX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class (PARDX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2040 FundR Class (RRTDX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2045 Fund (TRRKX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class (PARLX)
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T. Rowe Price Retirement 2045 FundR Class (RRTRX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2050 Fund (TRRMX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class (PARFX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2050 FundR Class (RRTFX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2055 Fund (TRRNX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class (PAROX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement 2055 FundR Class RRTVX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement Income Fund (TRRIX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement Income FundAdvisor Class (PARIX)
T. Rowe Price Retirement Income FundR Class (RRTIX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2005 Fund (TRARX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class (PANRX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2010 Fund (TRROX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class (PAERX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2015 Fund (TRRTX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class (PAHRX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2020 Fund (TRRUX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class (PAIRX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2025 Fund (TRRVX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class (PAJRX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2030 Fund (TRRWX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class (PAKRX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2035 Fund (RPGRX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class (PATVX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2040 Fund (TRHRX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class (PAHHX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2045 Fund (RPTFX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class (PAFFX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2050 Fund (TRFOX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class (PAOFX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2055 Fund (TRFFX)
T. Rowe Price Target Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class (PAFTX)
T. ROWE PRICE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY FUND, INC. (PRSCX)
T. Rowe Price Science & Technology FundAdvisor Class (PASTX)
T. ROWE PRICE SHORT-TERM BOND FUND, INC. (PRWBX)
T. Rowe Price Short-Term Bond FundAdvisor Class (PASHX)
T. Rowe Price Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund (TRBUX)
T. ROWE PRICE SMALL-CAP STOCK FUND, INC. (OTCFX)
T. Rowe Price Small-Cap Stock FundAdvisor Class (PASSX)
T. ROWE PRICE SMALL-CAP VALUE FUND, INC. (PRSVX)
T. Rowe Price Small-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class (PASVX)
T. ROWE PRICE SPECTRUM FUND, INC. (Spectrum Funds)
Spectrum Growth Fund (PRSGX)
Spectrum Income Fund (RPSIX)
Spectrum International Fund (PSILX)
T. ROWE PRICE STATE TAX-FREE INCOME TRUST
Georgia Tax-Free Bond Fund (GTFBX)
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond Fund (PRMDX)
Maryland Tax-Free Bond Fund (MDXBX)
Maryland Tax-Free Money Fund (TMDXX)
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond Fund (NJTFX)
New York Tax-Free Bond Fund (PRNYX)
New York Tax-Free Money Fund (NYTXX)
Virginia Tax-Free Bond Fund (PRVAX)
T. ROWE PRICE STRATEGIC INCOME FUND, INC. (PRSNX)
T. Rowe Price Strategic Income FundAdvisor Class (PRSAX)
T. ROWE PRICE SUMMIT FUNDS, INC. (Summit Income Funds)
T. Rowe Price Summit Cash Reserves Fund (TSCXX)
T. Rowe Price Summit GNMA Fund (PRSUX)
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T. ROWE PRICE SUMMIT MUNICIPAL FUNDS, INC. (Summit Municipal Funds)
T. Rowe Price Summit Municipal Money Market Fund (TRSXX)
T. Rowe Price Summit Municipal Intermediate Fund (PRSMX)
T. Rowe Price Summit Municipal Intermediate FundAdvisor Class (PAIFX)
T. Rowe Price Summit Municipal Income Fund (PRINX)
T. Rowe Price Summit Municipal Income FundAdvisor Class (PAIMX)
T. ROWE PRICE TAX-EFFICIENT FUNDS, INC. (Tax-Efficient Funds)
T. Rowe Price Tax-Efficient Equity Fund (PREFX)
T. ROWE PRICE TAX-EXEMPT MONEY FUND, INC. (PTEXX)
T. ROWE PRICE TAX-FREE HIGH YIELD FUND, INC. (PRFHX)
T. Rowe Price Tax-Free High Yield FundAdvisor Class (PATFX)
T. ROWE PRICE TAX-FREE INCOME FUND, INC. (PRTAX)
T. Rowe Price Tax-Free Income FundAdvisor Class (PATAX)
T. ROWE PRICE TAX-FREE SHORT-INTERMEDIATE FUND, INC. (PRFSX)
T. Rowe Price Tax-Free Short-Intermediate FundAdvisor Class (PATIX)
T. Rowe Price Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund (PRTUX)
T. ROWE PRICE U.S. BOND ENHANCED INDEX FUND, INC. (formerly T. Rowe Price
U.S. Bond Index Fund, Inc.) (PBDIX)
T. ROWE PRICE U.S. LARGE-CAP CORE FUND, INC. (TRULX)
T. Rowe Price U.S. Large-Cap Core FundAdvisor Class (PAULX)
T. ROWE PRICE U.S. TREASURY FUNDS, INC. (U.S. Treasury Funds)
U.S. Treasury Intermediate Fund (PRTIX)
U.S. Treasury Long-Term Fund (PRULX)
U.S. Treasury Money Fund (PRTXX)
T. ROWE PRICE VALUE FUND, INC. (TRVLX)
T. Rowe Price Value FundAdvisor Class (PAVLX)
Mailing Address:
T. Rowe Price Investment
Services, Inc.
100 East Pratt Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
1-800-638-5660
This SAI is not a prospectus but should be read in conjunction with the appropriate current fund prospectus, which may be obtained from T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc. (Investment Services).
Each funds financial statements for its most recent fiscal period and the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in each funds annual or semiannual report and incorporated by reference into this SAI. The Global Allocation Fund, Global Allocation FundAdvisor Class, Global Industrials Fund, Institutional Global Multi-Sector Bond Fund, Institutional Long Duration Credit Fund, Short-Term Government Reserve Fund, Target Retirement 2005 Fund, Target Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class, Target Retirement 2010 Fund, Target Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class, Target Retirement 2015 Fund, Target Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class, Target Retirement 2020 Fund, Target Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class, Target Retirement 2025 Fund, Target Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class, Target Retirement 2030 Fund, Target Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class, Target Retirement 2035 Fund, Target Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class, Target Retirement 2040 Fund, Target Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class, Target Retirement 2045 Fund, Target Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class, Target Retirement 2050 Fund, Target Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class, Target Retirement 2055 Fund, Target Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class, and Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund have not been in existence long enough to have complete financial statements.
If you would like a prospectus or an annual or semiannual shareholder report for a fund of which you are not a shareholder, please call 1-800-638-5660 and it will be sent to you at no charge. Please read this material carefully.
5
PART I TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Management of the Funds | |
Principal Holders of Securities | |
Investment Management Agreements | |
Third Party Arrangements |
Page
Distributor for the Funds | |
Portfolio Transactions | |
Independent Registered Public | |
Accounting Firm | |
Part II |
References to the following are as indicated:
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code)
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act)
Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys)
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (1933 Act)
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (1934 Act)
Standard & Poors Corporation (S&P)
T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (T. Rowe Price)
T. Rowe Price Hong Kong Limited (Price Hong Kong)
T. Rowe Price International Ltd (T. Rowe Price International)
T. Rowe Price Singapore Private Ltd. (Price Singapore)
Advisor Class
The Advisor Class is a share class of its respective T. Rowe Price fund and is not a separate mutual fund. The Advisor Class shares are designed to be sold only through brokers, dealers, banks, insurance companies, and other financial intermediaries that provide various distribution and administrative services.
F Class
The F Class is a share class of its respective T. Rowe Price fund and is not a separate mutual fund. The F Class shares are designed to be sold only through financial advisors and certain third-party intermediaries, including brokers, banks, insurance companies, retirement plan recordkeepers, and other financial intermediaries that provide various distribution and administrative services. F Class shares are not intended to be offered by intermediaries through a mutual fund supermarket platform.
R Class
The R Class is a share class of its respective T. Rowe Price fund and is not a separate mutual fund. The R Class shares are designed to be sold only through various third-party intermediaries that offer employer-sponsored defined contribution retirement plans and certain other accounts, including brokers, dealers, banks, insurance companies, retirement plan recordkeepers, and others.
Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and TRP Reserve Funds
These funds are not available for direct purchase by members of the public. Shares of these funds may only be purchased by or on behalf of mutual funds, section 529 college savings plans, or certain institutional client accounts for which T. Rowe Price or one of its affiliates has discretionary investment authority.
Institutional Funds
The Institutional Funds have a $1,000,000 initial investment minimum (except for their F Class shares) and are designed for institutional investors. Institutional investors typically include banks, pension plans, and trust and investment companies.
6
Below is a table showing the prospectus and shareholder report dates for each fund. The table also lists each funds category, which should be used to identify groups of funds that are referenced throughout this SAI.
Fund | Fund Category | Fiscal Year End | Annual Report Date | Semiannual Report Date | Prospectus Date |
Africa & Middle East | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Balanced | Blended | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Blue Chip Growth | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Blue Chip Growth FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Blue Chip Growth FundR Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
California Tax-Free Bond | State Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
California Tax-Free Money | State Tax-Free Money | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Capital Appreciation | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Capital Appreciation FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Capital Opportunity | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Capital Opportunity FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Capital Opportunity FundR Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Corporate Income | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Dividend Growth | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Dividend Growth FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Emerging Europe | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Emerging Markets Bond | International Bond | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond | International Bond | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Emerging Markets Corporate BondAdvisor Class | International Bond | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | International Bond | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | International Bond | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond FundAdvisor Class | International Bond | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | International Bond | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Emerging Markets Stock | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Equity Income | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Equity Income FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Equity Income FundR Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Equity Index 500 | Index Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
7
Fund | Fund Category | Fiscal Year End | Annual Report Date | Semiannual Report Date | Prospectus Date |
European Stock | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Extended Equity Market Index | Index Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Financial Services | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Floating Rate | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Floating Rate FundAdvisor Class | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Taxable Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Georgia Tax-Free Bond | State Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Global Allocation | Blended | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Global Allocation FundAdvisor Class | Blended | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Global Growth Stock | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Global Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Global Industrials | International Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Global Infrastructure | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Global Infrastructure FundAdvisor Class | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Global Real Estate | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Global Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Global Stock | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Global Stock FundAdvisor Class | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Global Technology | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
GNMA | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
TRP Government Reserve Investment | Taxable Money | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Growth & Income | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Growth Stock | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Growth Stock FundR Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Health Sciences | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
High Yield | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
High Yield FundAdvisor Class | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Taxable Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Inflation Focused Bond | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Inflation Protected Bond | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Institutional Africa & Middle East | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Institutional Core Plus | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Institutional Core Plus-F Class | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond | International Bond | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
8
Fund | Fund Category | Fiscal Year End | Annual Report Date | Semiannual Report Date | Prospectus Date |
Institutional Floating Rate | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Institutional Floating Rate-F Class | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Institutional Global Growth Equity | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Institutional Global Multi-Sector Bond | International Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Institutional Global Value Equity | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Institutional High Yield | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Institutional International Bond | International Bond | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Institutional International Core Equity | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Institutional International Growth Equity | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Institutional Large-Cap Growth | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Institutional Large-Cap Value | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Institutional Long Duration Credit | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Institutional Small-Cap Stock | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
International Bond | International Bond | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
International Bond FundAdvisor Class | International Bond | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
International Discovery | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
International Equity Index | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
International Growth & Income | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
International Growth & Income FundAdvisor Class | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
International Growth & Income FundR Class | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
International Stock | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
International Stock FundAdvisor Class | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
International Stock FundR Class | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Investment-Grade Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Taxable Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Japan | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Latin America | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | State Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | State Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
9
Fund | Fund Category | Fiscal Year End | Annual Report Date | Semiannual Report Date | Prospectus Date |
Maryland Tax-Free Money | State Tax-Free Money | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Media & Telecommunications | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Mid-Cap Growth | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Mid-Cap Growth FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Mid-Cap Growth FundR Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Mid-Cap Value | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Mid-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Mid-Cap Value FundR Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Taxable Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
New America Growth | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
New America Growth FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
New Asia | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
New Era | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
New Horizons | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
New Income | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
New Income FundAdvisor Class | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
New Income FundR Class | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond | State Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
New York Tax-Free Bond | State Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
New York Tax-Free Money | State Tax-Free Money | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Overseas Stock | International Equity | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Personal Strategy Balanced | Blended | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Personal Strategy Growth | Blended | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Personal Strategy Income | Blended | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Prime Reserve | Taxable Money | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Real Assets Fund | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Real Estate | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
TRP Reserve Investment | Taxable Money | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2005 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2005 FundR Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2010 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2010 FundR Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2015 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
10
Fund | Fund Category | Fiscal Year End | Annual Report Date | Semiannual Report Date | Prospectus Date |
Retirement 2015 FundR Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2020 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2020 FundR Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2025 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2025 FundR Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2030 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2030 FundR Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2035 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2035 FundR Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2040 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2040 FundR Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2045 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2045 FundR Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2050 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2050 FundR Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2055 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement 2055 FundR Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement Income | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement Income FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Retirement Income FundR Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Science & Technology | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Science & Technology FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Short-Term Bond | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Short-Term Bond FundAdvisor Class | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
11
Fund | Fund Category | Fiscal Year End | Annual Report Date | Semiannual Report Date | Prospectus Date |
Short-Term Government Reserve | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Short-Term Reserve | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Small-Cap Stock | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Small-Cap Stock FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Small-Cap Value | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Small-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Spectrum Growth | Fund-of-Funds | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Spectrum Income | Fund-of-Funds | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Spectrum International | Fund-of-Funds | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Strategic Income | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Strategic Income FundAdvisor Class | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Summit Cash Reserves | Taxable Money | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Summit GNMA | Taxable Bond | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Summit Municipal Income | Tax-Free Bond | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Summit Municipal IncomeAdvisor Class | Tax-Free Bond | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Summit Municipal Intermediate | Tax-Free Bond | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Summit Municipal IntermediateAdvisor Class | Tax-Free Bond | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Summit Municipal Money Market | Tax-Free Money | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
Target Retirement 2005 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2010 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2015 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2020 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2025 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2030 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2035 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2040 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2045 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2050 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
12
Fund | Fund Category | Fiscal Year End | Annual Report Date | Semiannual Report Date | Prospectus Date |
Target Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2055 | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Target Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class | Fund-of-Funds | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Tax-Efficient Equity | Equity | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Tax-Exempt Money | Tax-Free Money | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Tax-Free High Yield | Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Tax-Free High YieldAdvisor Class | Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Tax-Free Income | Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Tax-Free Income FundAdvisor Class | Tax Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate | Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Tax-Free Short-IntermediateAdvisor Class | Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond | Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
Total Equity Market Index | Index Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | Index Bond | Oct 31 | Oct 31 | Apr 30 | March 1 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
U.S. Treasury Intermediate | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
U.S. Treasury Long-Term | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
U.S. Treasury Money | Taxable Money | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Ultra Short-Term Bond | Taxable Bond | May 31 | May 31 | Nov 30 | Oct 1 |
Value | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Value FundAdvisor Class | Equity | Dec 31 | Dec 31 | June 30 | May 1 |
Virginia Tax-Free Bond | State Tax-Free Bond | Feb 28 | Feb 28 | Aug 30 | July 1 |
The officers and directors (the term director is used to refer to directors or trustees, as applicable) of the Price Funds are listed in the following pages. Unless otherwise noted, the address of each is 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
Each fund is overseen by a Board of Directors/Trustees (Board) that meets regularly to review a wide variety of matters affecting or potentially affecting the funds, including performance, investment programs, compliance matters, advisory fees and expenses, service providers, and business and regulatory affairs. The Boards elect the funds officers and are responsible for performing various duties imposed on them by the 1940 Act, the laws of Maryland or Massachusetts, and other applicable laws. At least 75% of the Boards members are independent of T. Rowe Price and its affiliates. The directors who are also employees or officers of T. Rowe Price are considered to be inside or interested directors because of their relationships with T. Rowe Price and its affiliates. Each inside director and officer (except as indicated in the tables setting forth the directors and officers principal occupations during the past five years) has been an employee of T. Rowe Price or its affiliates for five or more years. The Boards normally hold five regularly scheduled formal meetings during each calendar year. Although the Boards have direct responsibility over various matters (such as approval of advisory contracts and review of fund performance), each Board also exercises certain of its oversight responsibilities through several committees that it has established and which report back to the full Board. The Boards believe that a committee structure is an effective means to permit directors to focus on
13
particular operations or issues affecting the funds, including risk oversight. Each Board currently has three standing committees, a Committee of Independent Directors, a Joint Audit Committee, and an Executive Committee, which are described in greater detail in the following paragraphs.
Edward C. Bernard, an inside director, serves as the Chairman of the Board of each fund. The independent directors of each fund have designated a Lead Independent Director, who functions as a liaison between the Chairman of the Board and the other independent directors. The Lead Independent Director presides at all executive sessions of the independent directors, reviews and provides input on Board meeting agendas and materials, and typically represents the independent directors in discussions with T. Rowe Price management. Anthony W. Deering currently serves as Lead Independent Director. Each funds Board has determined that its leadership and committee structure is appropriate because the Board believes that it sets the proper tone for the relationship between the fund, on the one hand, and T. Rowe Price or its affiliates and the funds other principal service providers, on the other, and facilitates the exercise of the Boards independent judgment in evaluating and managing the relationships. In addition, the structure efficiently allocates responsibility among committees and the full Board. The same independent directors currently serve on the Boards of all of the Price Funds. This approach is designed to provide effective governance by exposing the independent directors to a wider range of business issues and market trends, allowing the directors to better share their knowledge, background and experience, and permitting the Boards to operate more efficiently, particularly with respect to matters common to all Price Funds.
The Committee of Independent Directors, which consists of all of the independent directors of the funds, is responsible for, among other things, seeking, reviewing and selecting candidates to fill vacancies on each funds Board, periodically evaluating the compensation payable to the independent directors, and performing certain functions with respect to the governance of the funds. The Lead Independent Director serves as chairman of the committee. The committee will consider written recommendations from shareholders for possible nominees for director. Shareholders should submit their recommendations to the secretary of the funds. The committee met five times in 2012 in conjunction with the full Board.
The Joint Audit Committee consists of only independent directors. The current members of the committee are Anthony W. Deering, Robert J. Gerrard, Jr., John G. Schreiber, and Mark R. Tercek. Mr. Tercek serves as chairman of the committee. The Joint Audit Committee oversees the pricing processes for the Price Funds and holds three regular meetings during each fiscal year. Two of the meetings include the attendance of the independent registered public accounting firm of the Price Funds as the Joint Audit Committee reviews: (1) the services provided; (2) the findings of the most recent audits; (3) managements response to the findings of the most recent audits; (4) the scope of the audits to be performed; (5) the accountants fees; and (6) any accounting questions relating to particular areas of the Price Funds operations or the operations of parties dealing with the Price Funds, as circumstances indicate. A third meeting is devoted primarily to a review of the risk management program of the funds investment adviser. The Joint Audit Committee met three times in 2012.
The Executive Committee, which consists of each funds interested directors, has been authorized by its respective Board to exercise all powers of the Boards of the funds in the intervals between regular meetings of the Boards, except for those powers prohibited by statute from being delegated. All actions of the Executive Committee must be approved in advance by one independent director and reviewed after the fact by the full Board. The Executive Committee for each fund does not hold regularly scheduled meetings. The Executive Committee was not called upon to take any action on behalf of any funds during 2012.
In addition to the Boards and the three standing committees, the directors had established a Fixed Income Advisory Board with respect to the domestic fixed income Price Funds. The Fixed Income Advisory Board had been composed of Robert J. Gerrard, Jr. and Cecilia E. Rouse, who served in a consultative capacity to the Board of each of the domestic fixed income Price Funds. In this capacity, they participated in Board discussions and reviewed Board materials relating to the domestic fixed income Price Funds, although they were not eligible to vote on any matter presented to the Boards of the domestic fixed income Price Funds. In October 2013, Mr. Gerrard and Dr. Rouse were elected independent directors of the domestic fixed income Price Funds, at which point the Fixed Income Advisory Board was terminated.
14
Like other mutual funds, the funds are subject to risks, including investment, compliance, operational and valuation risks, among others. The Boards oversee risk as part of their oversight of the funds. Risk oversight is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. The Board, directly or through its committees, interacts with and reviews reports from, among others, the investment adviser or its affiliates, the funds Chief Compliance Officer, the funds independent registered public accounting firm, legal counsel, and internal auditors for T. Rowe Price or its affiliates, as appropriate, regarding risks faced by the funds and the risk management programs of the investment adviser and certain other service providers. Also, the Joint Audit Committee receives periodic reports from members of the advisers Risk Management Oversight Committee on the significant risks inherent to the advisers business, including aggregate investment risks, reputational risk, business continuity risk, and operational risk. The actual day-to-day risk management functions with respect to the funds are subsumed within the responsibilities of the investment adviser, its affiliates that serve as investment sub-advisers to the funds, and other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk) that carry out the funds investment management and business affairs. Although the risk management policies of T. Rowe Price and its affiliates, and the funds other service providers, are reasonably designed to be effective, those policies and their implementation vary among service providers over time, and there is no guarantee that they will always be effective. Not all risks that may affect the funds can be identified. Processes and controls developed may not eliminate or mitigate the occurrence or effects of all risks, and some risks may be simply beyond any control of the funds, T. Rowe Price and its affiliates, or other service providers.
Each directors experience, qualifications, attributes or skills on an individual basis and in combination with those of the other directors, has led to the conclusion that each director should serve on the Boards of the Price Funds. Attributes common to all directors include the ability to review critically, evaluate, question and discuss information provided to them, to interact effectively with the funds management and counsel and the various service providers to the funds, and to exercise reasonable business judgment in the performance of their duties as directors. In addition, the actual service and commitment of the directors during their tenure on the funds Boards is taken into consideration in concluding that each should continue to serve. A directors ability to perform his or her duties effectively may have been attained through his or her educational background or professional training; business, consulting, public service or academic positions; experience from service as a director of the Price Funds, public companies, or non-profit entities or other organizations; or other experiences. Each director brings a diverse perspective to the Boards. Set forth below is a brief discussion of the specific experience, qualifications, attributes, or skills of each director that led to the conclusion that he or she should serve as a director.
Edward C. Bernard has been an interested director, and Chairman of the Board, of all the Price Funds for the past 7 years. Mr. Bernard has 25 years of experience in the investment management industry, all of which have been with T. Rowe Price. In addition to his responsibilities with T. Rowe Price and the Price Funds, Mr. Bernard served as chairman (from 2009 to 2011) and is currently the vice chairman of the board of governors of the Investment Company Institute, the national trade association for the mutual fund industry.
William R. Brody has been an independent director of the Price Funds for the past 4 years. Dr. Brody has substantial experience in the public health and research fields, as well as academia. He previously served as President of the Johns Hopkins University, as well as on the boards of John Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Health System, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, IBM, and Novartis. He has also served on the boards of a number of other private companies and non-profit entities, including Kool Smiles, Novamed, Stanford University, and the Commonwealth Fund, which funds health services research.
Anthony W. Deering has been an independent director of the Price Funds for more than 30 years. He currently serves as the Lead Independent Director and as a member of the Joint Audit Committee. Mr. Deering brings a wealth of financial services and investment management experience to the Boards. He is the former chair and chief executive officer of the Rouse Company and has also served on the boards of a number of public companies, including Deutsche Bank North America, Vornado Realty Trust, Mercantile Bank, and Under Armour. He has also served on the boards of a number of private companies and non-profit entities, including the Investment Company Institute, Baltimore Museum of Art, Parks & People Foundation, The Rouse Company Foundation, and The Charlesmead Foundation among others.
15
Donald W. Dick, Jr. has been an independent director of the Price Funds for more than 30 years. He has significant investment and business experience from serving as a principal in a private equity firm and has previously served on the boards of manufacturing, construction, publishing, and advertising companies in the U.S. and Europe.
Bruce W. Duncan has substantial experience in the fields of commercial real estate and property management. He currently serves as chief executive officer and director of First Industrial Realty Trust and has held a variety of senior roles and board positions with Starwood Hotels & Resorts. In October 2013, he was elected independent director of the Price Funds.
Robert J. Gerrard, Jr. has been an independent director of certain Price Funds since May 2012 and currently serves as a member of the Joint Audit Committee. He has substantial legal and business experience in the industries relating to communications and interactive data services. He has served on the board and compensation committee for Syniverse Holdings and as general counsel to Scripps Networks.
Michael C. Gitlin has been an interested director of certain fixed income Price Funds for the past three years. He has served as the Director of Fixed Income for T. Rowe Price since 2009. He joined T. Rowe Price in 2007, where he initially served as the Global Head of Trading until becoming the Director of Fixed Income. Prior to joining T. Rowe Price, he held several roles in the securities industry, including Head of U.S. Equity Sales at Citigroup Global Markets.
Karen N. Horn has been an independent director of the Price Funds for the past 10 years. Ms. Horn has substantial experience in the financial services industry and the arts. She is a limited partner and senior managing director of Brock Capital Group, and has served on the boards of a number of public companies, including Eli Lilly, Simon Property Group, the Federal National Mortgage Association, and Norfolk Southern. She has also served on the boards of a number of private companies and non-profit entities, including the National Bureau of Economic Research, Council on Foreign Relations, and the Florence Griswold Museum.
Paul F. McBride has served in various management and senior leadership roles with the Black & Decker Corporation and General Electric Company. He led businesses in the materials, industrial, and consumer durable segments. He also has significant global experience. He has served on the boards of a number of private and non-profit entities, including Dunbar Armored, Vizzia Technologies, Gilman School, and Living Classrooms Foundation. In October 2013, he was elected independent director of the Price Funds.
Theo C. Rodgers has been an independent director of the Price Funds since 2005. Mr. Rodgers has substantial experience in the fields of real estate development, construction, and property management. He is the founder and current President of A&R Development Corporation and A&R Management, Inc. He has served on the boards of a number of private companies and non-profit entities, including Randa Development Co., Rodgers Legacy LLC, Baltimore Community Foundation, Baltimore Education Scholarship, Johns Hopkins Health System, McDonogh School, and University of Maryland Foundation. Mr. Rodgers did not stand for reelection in October 2013 to the Price Funds Boards. However, he will continue to serve as an independent director to all of the Price Funds until he retires at the end of 2013.
Brian C. Rogers has been an interested director of certain Price Funds for more than 20 years. Mr. Rogers has served in a variety of senior leadership roles since joining T. Rowe Price in 1982. Prior to that, he was employed by Bankers Trust Company. In addition to various offices held with T. Rowe Price and its affiliates, he serves as the portfolio manager of the Equity Income Fund and Equity Income Portfolio, and as a member of the T. Rowe Price Asset Allocation Committee.
Cecilia E. Rouse has been an independent director of certain Price Funds since May 2012. Dr. Rouse has extensive experience in the fields of higher education and economic research. She has served in a variety of roles at Princeton University, including as a dean, professor, and leader of economic research. She has also served on the board of MDRC, a non-profit education and social policy organization dedicated to improving programs and policies that affect the poor, and as a member of numerous entities, including the American Economic Association, National Bureau of Economic Research, National Academy of Education, and the Association of Public Policy and Management Policy Council.
16
John G. Schreiber has been an independent director of the Price Funds for more than 20 years and currently serves as a member of the Joint Audit Committee. He has significant experience investing in real estate transactions and brings substantial financial services and investment management experience to the boards. He is the President of Centaur Capital Partners, Inc. and is a Partner and Co-Founder of Blackstone Real Estate Advisors. He previously served as chairman and chief executive officer of JMB Urban Development Co. and Executive Vice President of JMB Realty Corporation. Mr. Schreiber currently serves on the boards of JMB Realty Corporation, General Growth Properties, and Blackstone Mortgage Trust, and is a past board member of Urban Shopping Centers, Inc., Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., The Rouse Company, and AMLI Residential Properties Trust.
Mark R. Tercek has been an independent director of the Price Funds for the past four years and currently serves as chairman of the Joint Audit Committee. He brings substantial financial services experience to the boards. He was a managing director of Goldman Sachs and is currently president and chief executive officer of The Nature Conservancy.
In addition, the following tables provide biographical information for the directors, along with their principal occupations during the past five years and any directorships of public companies and other investment companies.
Independent Directors(a)
Name, Year of Birth, and Number | Principal
Occupation(s) | Directorships |
William R. Brody 1944 157 portfolios | President and Trustee, Salk Institute for Biological Studies (2009 to present); President and Trustee, Johns Hopkins University (1996 to 2009); Chairman of Executive Committee and Trustee, John Hopkins Health System (1996 to 2009) | Novartis, Inc. (2009 to present); IBM (2007 to present) |
Anthony W. Deering 1945 157 portfolios | Chairman, Exeter Capital, LLC, a private investment firm (2004 to present); Director and Member of the Advisory Board, Deutsche Bank North America (2004 to present) | Under Armour (2008 to present); Vornado Real Estate Investment Trust (2004 to 2012); Deutsche Bank North America (2004 to present) |
Donald W. Dick, Jr. 1943 157 portfolios | Principal, EuroCapital Partners, LLC, an acquisition and management advisory firm (1995 to present) | None |
Bruce W. Duncan 1951 157 portfolios | President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director, First Industrial Realty Trust, owner and operator of industrial properties (2009 to present); Chairman of the Board (2005 to present), Interim Chief Executive Officer (2007), and Director (1999 to present), Starwood Hotels & Resorts, hotel and leisure company; Trustee, Starwood Lodging Trust, a real estate investment trust and former subsidiary of Starwood (1995 to 2006); Senior Advisor, Kohlberg, Kravis, Roberts & Co. LP, a global investment firm (2008 to 2009) | None |
17
Name, Year of Birth, and Number | Principal
Occupation(s) | Directorships |
Robert J. Gerrard, Jr. 1952 157 portfolios | Chairman of Compensation Committee, Syniverse Holdings, Inc. (2008 to 2011); Executive Vice President and General Counsel, Scripps Networks, LLC (1997 to 2009); and Advisory Board member, Pipeline Crisis/Winning Strategies (1997 to present) | Syniverse Holdings, Inc. (2008 to 2011) |
Karen N. Horn 1943 157 portfolios | Limited Partner and Senior Managing Director, Brock Capital Group, an advisory and investment banking firm (2004 to present) | Eli Lilly and Company (1987 to present); Simon Property Group (2004 to present); Norfolk Southern (2008 to present); Fannie Mae (2006 to 2008) |
Paul F. McBride 1956 157 portfolios | Former Company Officer and Senior Vice President, Human Resources and Corporate Initiatives (2004 to 2010) | None |
Theo C. Rodgers 1941 157 portfolios | Founder and President, A&R Development Corporation (1977 to present) and A&R Management, Inc. (1984 to present) | None |
Cecilia E. Rouse 1963 157 portfolios | Dean, Woodrow Wilson School (2012 to present); Professor and Researcher, Princeton University (1992 to present); Director, MDRC (2011 to present); Member of National Academy of Education (2010 to present); Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Researchs Labor Studies Program (1998 to 2009 and 2011 to present); Member of Presidents Council of Economic Advisers (2009 to 2011); Member of The MacArthur Foundation Network on the Transition to Adulthood and Public Policy (2000 to 2008); Member of National Advisory Committee for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundations Scholars in Health Policy Research Program (2008); Member of and Director, National Economic Association (2006 to 2008); Member of Association of Public Policy Analysis and Management Policy Council (2006 to 2008); Member of Hamilton Projects Advisory Board at The Brookings Institute (2006 to 2008); and Chair of Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economic Profession, American Economic Association (2006 to 2008) and (2012 to present) | None |
John G. Schreiber 1946 157 portfolios | Owner/President, Centaur Capital Partners, Inc., a real estate investment company (1991 to present); Cofounder and Partner, Blackstone Real Estate Advisors, L.P. (1992 to present); Director, BXMT (formerly Capital Trust, Inc.), a real estate investment company (2012 to present); Director and Chairman of the Board, Brixmor Property Group, Inc. (2013 to present) | General Growth Properties, Inc. (2010 to present) |
18
Name, Year of Birth, and Number | Principal
Occupation(s) | Directorships |
Mark R. Tercek 1957 157 portfolios | President and Chief Executive Officer, The Nature Conservancy (2008 to present); Managing Director, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (1984 to 2008) | None |
(a) All information about the directors was current as of December 31, 2012, except for the number of portfolios, which is current as of the date of this SAI.
Inside Directors(a)
The following persons are considered interested persons of the funds because they also serve as employees of T. Rowe Price or its affiliates. No more than two inside directors serve as directors of any fund.
The Boards invite nominations from the funds investment adviser for persons to serve as interested directors, and the Board reviews and approves these nominations. Each of the current interested directors is a senior executive officer of T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., as well as certain of their affiliates. Mr. Bernard has served as a director of all Price Funds and has been Chairman of the Board for all Price Funds since 2006. Mr. Gitlin became a director of certain Price Funds in 2010, and Mr. Rogers has served as director of certain Price Funds since 2006, in each case serving as a member of the Executive Committee. In addition, specific experience with respect to the interested directors occupations and directorships of public companies and other investment companies are set forth in the following table.
Name, Year
of Birth, and Number | Principal Occupation(s) | Directorships |
Edward C. Bernard 1956 157 portfolios | Director and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Vice Chairman of the Board, Director, and Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, Director, and President, T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board and Director, T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Savings Bank, and T. Rowe Price Services, Inc.; Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and Director, T. Rowe Price International; Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, Director, and President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company Chairman of the Board, all funds | None |
Michael C. Gitlin 1970 52 portfolios | Vice President, Price Hong Kong, Price Singapore, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International President, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios | None |
19
Name, Year of Birth, and Number | Principal
Occupation(s) | Directorships |
Brian C. Rogers; CFA, CIC 1955 105 portfolios | Chief Investment Officer, Director, and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Chairman of the Board, Chief Investment Officer, Director, and Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company President, Equity Income Fund and Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Personal Strategy Funds, Retirement Funds, Spectrum Funds, and Value Fund | None |
(a) All information about the directors was current as of December 31, 2012, except for the number of portfolios, which is current as of the date of this SAI.
Funds-of-Funds Arrangements
The Board is responsible for overseeing the business and affairs of the Funds-of-Funds, which consists of the following: Spectrum Growth Fund, Spectrum Income, and Spectrum International Fund (collectively the Spectrum Funds); Retirement 2005 Fund, Retirement 2010 Fund, Retirement 2015 Fund, Retirement 2020 Fund, Retirement 2025 Fund, Retirement 2030 Fund, Retirement 2035 Fund, Retirement 2040 Fund, Retirement 2045 Fund, Retirement 2050 Fund, Retirement 2055 Fund, and Retirement Income Fund (collectively the RDFs); and Target Retirement 2005 Fund, Target Retirement 2010 Fund, Target Retirement 2015 Fund, Target Retirement 2020 Fund, Target Retirement 2025 Fund, Target Retirement 2030 Fund, Target Retirement 2035 Fund, Target Retirement 2040 Fund, Target Retirement 2045 Fund, Target Retirement 2050 Fund, and Retirement 2055 Fund (collectively the TRFs). The Spectrum Funds, RDFs, and TRFs are referred to collectively as Funds-of-Funds and each fund individually a Fund-of-Fund, and where the policies that apply to both the RDFs and TRFs are identical, the RDFs and TRFs will be referred to collectively as Retirement Funds.
In exercising their responsibilities, the Boards, among other things, will refer to the policies, conditions, and guidelines included in an Exemptive Order (and accompanying Notice and Order) originally granted by the SEC in connection with the creation and operation of the Spectrum Funds. The RDFs and TRFs rely on this same Exemptive Order because the order was designed to cover any Fund-of-Funds arrangements that operate in a similar manner to the Spectrum Funds.
In connection with the Exemptive Order, the various Price Funds in which the Funds-of-Funds invest (collectively, the underlying Price Funds) have entered into Special Servicing Agreements with T. Rowe Price and each respective Spectrum Fund, RDF, and/or TRF in which they invest. The Special Servicing Agreements provide that each underlying Price Fund in which a Fund-of- Funds invests will bear its proportionate share of the expenses of that Fund-of-Funds if, and to the extent that, the underlying Price Funds savings from the operation of the Fund-of-Funds exceed these expenses. T. Rowe Price has agreed to bear any expenses of each Fund-of-Fund that exceed the estimated savings to each of the underlying Price Funds. As a result, the Funds-of-Funds do not pay an investment management fee and will effectively pay no operating expenses at the Fund-of-Fund level, although shareholders of the Funds-of-Funds will still indirectly bear their proportionate share of the expenses of each underlying Price Fund in which the Fund-of-Funds invests.
A majority of the directors of the Funds-of-Funds are independent of T. Rowe Price and its affiliates. However, the directors and officers of the Funds-of-Funds and certain directors and officers of T. Rowe Price and its affiliates also serve in similar positions with most of the underlying Price Funds. Thus, if the interests of the Funds-of-Funds and the underlying Price Funds were ever to become divergent, it is possible that a conflict of interest could arise and affect how this latter group of persons fulfill their fiduciary duties to the Funds-of-Funds and the underlying Price Funds. The directors of Funds-of-Funds believe they have structured the Funds-of-Funds to avoid these concerns. However, a situation could conceivably occur where proper action
20
for the Funds-of-Funds could be adverse to the interests of an underlying Price Fund, or the reverse could occur. If such a possibility arises, the directors and officers of the affected funds and the directors and officers of T. Rowe Price will carefully analyze the situation and take all steps they believe reasonable to minimize and, where possible, eliminate the potential conflict.
Term of Office and Length of Time Served
The directors serve until retirement, resignation, or election of a successor. The following table shows the year from which each director has served on each funds Board (or that of the corporation or trust of which the fund is a part).
Independent Directors | ||||||||||||
Corporation/Trust | Number of portfolios | Brody | Deering | Dick | Duncan | Gerrard | Horn | McBride | Rodgers | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek |
Balanced | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1991 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Blue Chip Growth | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1993 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
California Tax-Free Income Trust | 2 | 2009 | 1986 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1992 | 2009 |
Capital Appreciation | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1986 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Capital Opportunity | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1994 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Corporate Income | 1 | 2009 | 1995 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1995 | 2009 |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | 1 | 2009 | 2003 | 2003 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2003 | 2009 |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1997 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Dividend Growth | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1992 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Equity Income | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1994 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Financial Services | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1996 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Floating Rate | 1 | 2011 | 2011 | 2011 | 2013 | 2013 | 2011 | 2013 | 2011 | 2013 | 2011 | 2011 |
Global Allocation | 1 | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 | 2013 |
Global Real Estate | 1 | 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | 2013 | 2012 | 2008 | 2013 | 2008 | 2012 | 2008 | 2009 |
Global Technology | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 2000 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
GNMA | 1 | 2009 | 1985 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1992 | 2009 |
Growth & Income | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1982 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Growth Stock | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1980 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Health Sciences | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1995 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
High Yield | 1 | 2009 | 1984 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1992 | 2009 |
Index Trust | 3 | 2009 | 2001 | 1994 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Inflation Focused Bond | 1 | 2009 | 2006 | 2006 | 2013 | 2013 | 2006 | 2013 | 2006 | 2013 | 2006 | 2009 |
Inflation Protected Bond | 1 | 2009 | 2002 | 2002 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 2002 | 2009 |
Institutional Equity | 6 | 2009 | 2001 | 1996 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Institutional Income | 5 | 2009 | 2002 | 2002 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 2002 | 2009 |
Institutional International | 10 | 2009 | 1991 | 1989 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2006 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
International | 19 | 2009 | 1991 | 1988 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2006 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
International Index | 1 | 2009 | 2000 | 2000 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2006 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
21
Independent Directors | ||||||||||||
Corporation/Trust | Number of portfolios | Brody | Deering | Dick | Duncan | Gerrard | Horn | McBride | Rodgers | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek |
Media & Telecommunications | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1997 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Mid-Cap Growth | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1992 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Mid-Cap Value | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1996 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Multi-Sector Account Portfolios | 6 | 2012 | 2012 | 2012 | 2013 | 2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | 2012 |
New America Growth | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1985 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
New Era | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1994 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
New Horizons | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1994 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
New Income | 1 | 2009 | 1980 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1992 | 2009 |
Personal Strategy | 3 | 2009 | 2001 | 1994 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Prime Reserve | 1 | 2009 | 1979 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1992 | 2009 |
Real Assets | 1 | 2010 | 2010 | 2010 | 2013 | 2012 | 2010 | 2013 | 2010 | 2012 | 2010 | 2010 |
Real Estate | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1997 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
TRP Reserve Investment | 4 | 2009 | 1997 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1997 | 2009 |
Retirement | 23 | 2009 | 2002 | 2002 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2002 | 2009 |
Science & Technology | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1994 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Short-Term Bond | 2 | 2009 | 1983 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1992 | 2009 |
Small-Cap Stock | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1992 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Small-Cap Value | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1994 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Spectrum | 3 | 2009 | 2001 | 1999 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
State Tax-Free Income Trust | 8 | 2009 | 1986 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1992 | 2009 |
Strategic Income | 1 | 2009 | 2008 | 2008 | 2013 | 2013 | 2008 | 2013 | 2008 | 2013 | 2008 | 2009 |
Summit | 2 | 2009 | 1993 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1993 | 2009 |
Summit Municipal | 3 | 2009 | 1993 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1993 | 2009 |
Tax-Efficient | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1997 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
Tax-Exempt Money | 1 | 2009 | 1983 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1992 | 2009 |
Tax-Free High Yield | 1 | 2009 | 1984 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1992 | 2009 |
Tax-Free Income | 1 | 2009 | 1983 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1992 | 2009 |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate | 2 | 2009 | 1983 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1992 | 2009 |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | 1 | 2009 | 2000 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 2000 | 2009 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | 1 | 2009 | 2009 | 2009 | 2013 | 2012 | 2009 | 2013 | 2009 | 2012 | 2009 | 2009 |
U.S. Treasury | 3 | 2009 | 1989 | 2001 | 2013 | 2013 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2013 | 1992 | 2009 |
Value | 1 | 2009 | 2001 | 1994 | 2013 | 2012 | 2003 | 2013 | 2005 | 2012 | 2001 | 2009 |
22
Corporation/Trust | Number of portfolios | Inside Directors | ||
Bernard | Gitlin | Rogers | ||
Balanced | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Blue Chip Growth | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
California Tax-Free Income Trust | 2 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Capital Appreciation | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Capital Opportunity | 1 | 2006 | | 2013 |
Corporate Income | 1 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | 1 | 2006 | | 2013 |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | 1 | 2006 | | 2013 |
Dividend Growth | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Equity Income | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Financial Services | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Floating Rate | 1 | 2011 | 2011 | |
Global Allocation | 1 | 2013 | | 2013 |
Global Real Estate | 1 | 2008 | | 2008 |
Global Technology | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
GNMA | 1 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Growth & Income | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Growth Stock | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Health Sciences | 1 | 2006 | | 2013 |
High Yield | 1 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Index Trust | 3 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Inflation Focused Bond | 1 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Inflation Protected Bond | 1 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Institutional Equity | 6 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Institutional Income | 5 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Institutional International | 10 | 2006 | | 2006 |
International | 19 | 2006 | | 2006 |
International Index | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Media & Telecommunications | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Mid-Cap Growth | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Mid-Cap Value | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Multi-Sector Account Portfolios | 6 | 2012 | 2012 | |
New America Growth | 1 | 2006 | | 2013 |
New Era | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
New Horizons | 1 | 2006 | | 2013 |
New Income | 1 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Personal Strategy | 3 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Prime Reserve | 1 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Real Assets | 1 | 2010 | | 2010 |
Real Estate | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
TRP Reserve Investment | 4 | 2006 | 2010 | |
23
Corporation/Trust | Number of portfolios | Inside Directors | ||
Bernard | Gitlin | Rogers | ||
Retirement | 23 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Science & Technology | 1 | 2006 | | 2013 |
Short-Term Bond | 2 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Small-Cap Stock | 1 | 2006 | | 2013 |
Small-Cap Value | 1 | 2006 | | 2013 |
Spectrum | 3 | 2006 | | 2006 |
State Tax-Free Income Trust | 8 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Strategic Income | 1 | 2008 | 2010 | |
Summit | 2 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Summit Municipal | 3 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Tax-Efficient | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Tax-Exempt Money | 1 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Tax-Free High Yield | 1 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Tax-Free Income | 1 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate | 2 | 2006 | 2010 | |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | 1 | 2006 | 2010 | |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | 1 | 2009 | | 2009 |
U.S. Treasury | 3 | 2006 | 2010 | |
Value | 1 | 2006 | | 2006 |
Officers
Fund | Name | Position Held |
All funds | Roger L. Fiery III Gregory S. Golczewski David Oestreicher Deborah D. Seidel Julie L. Waples Gregory K. Hinkle Patricia B. Lippert John R. Gilner | Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Treasurer Secretary Chief Compliance Officer |
24
Fund | Name | Position Held |
Balanced | Charles M. Shriver E. Frederick Bair Kimberly E. DeDominicis Anna M. Dopkin Mark S. Finn Paul A. Karpers Robert M. Larkins Wyatt A. Lee Raymond A. Mills Larry J. Puglia Guido F. Stubenrauch Richard T. Whitney (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Blue Chip Growth | Larry J. Puglia Ziad Bakri P. Robert Bartolo Peter J. Bates Ryan N. Burgess Jonathan Chou Shawn T. Driscoll Paul D. Greene II Thomas J. Huber Michael M. Lasota George A. Marzano Timothy E. Parker Amit Seth Robert W. Sharps Taymour R. Tamaddon (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
California Tax-Free Income Trust California Tax-Free Bond California Tax-Free Money | Hugh D. McGuirk Joseph K. Lynagh Konstantine B. Mallas Austin Applegate Steven G. Brooks M. Helena Condez G. Richard Dent Charles E. Emrich Jared S. Franz Alan D. Levenson Linda A. Murphy Alexander S. Obaza Douglas D. Spratley Timothy G. Taylor Edward A. Wiese Michael K. Sewell Chen Shao (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President Assistant Vice President |
25
Fund | Name | Position Held |
Capital Appreciation | David R. Giroux Ryan N. Burgess Mark S. Finn Paul D. Greene II Nina P. Jones Vidya Kadiyam Steven D. Krichbaum John D. Linehan Paul M. Massaro Heather K. McPherson Sudhir Nanda Robert T. Quinn, Jr. Farris G. Shuggi Gabriel Solomon William J. Stromberg Taymour R. Tamaddon Susan G. Troll Eric L. Veiel Tamara P. Wiggs (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Capital Opportunity | Anna M. Dopkin Kennard W. Allen Peter J. Bates Christopher W. Carlson Ann M. Holcomb Jennifer Martin Timothy E. Parker Charles G. Pepin Jason B. Polun Robert T. Quinn, Jr. Gabriel Solomon Joshua K. Spencer Taymour R. Tamaddon Eric L. Veiel (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Corporate Income | David A. Tiberii Steve Boothe Steven G. Brooks Michael J. Grogan Paul A. Karpers Michael Lambe Alan D. Levenson Samy B. Muaddi Alexander S. Obaza Miso Park Vernon A. Reid, Jr. Theodore E. Robson Brian M. Ropp Kimberly A Stokes Robert D. Thomas Lauren T. Wagandt Edward A. Wiese Thea N. Williams J. Howard Woodward Zhen Xia (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President |
26
Fund | Name | Position Held |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | Donald J. Peters Donald J. Easley Kennard W. Allen Peter J. Bates Brian W.H. Berghuis Sudhir Nanda Timothy E. Parker Amit Seth John F. Wakeman Rouven J. Wool-Lewis (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | Sudhir Nanda Anna M. Dopkin Donald J. Easley Prashant G. Jeyaganesh Curt J. Organt J. David Wagner (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Dividend Growth | Thomas J. Huber Peter J. Bates David M. Lee Daniel Martino Timothy E. Parker Robert T. Quinn, Jr. Jeffrey Rottinghaus Gabriel Solomon William J. Stromberg Eric L. Veiel (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Equity Income | Brian C. Rogers Andrew M. Brooks Mark S. Finn Jon M. Friar David R. Giroux Paul D. Greene II Thomas J. Huber John D. Linehan Robert T. Quinn, Jr. Eric L. Veiel (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Financial Services | Eric L. Veiel Stephen M. Finamore Christopher T. Fortune Jon M. Friar Nina P. Jones Yoichiro Kai Ian C. McDonald Michael J. McGonigle Jason B. Polun Frederick A. Rizzo Matthew J. Snowling Gabriel Solomon Mitchell J.K. Todd Tamara P. Wiggs (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
27
Fund | Name | Position Held |
Floating Rate | Mark J. Vaselkiv Paul M. Massaro Brian E. Burns Michael F. Connelly Stephen M. Finamore Justin T. Gerbereux David R. Giroux Steven C. Huber Paul A. Karpers Michael J. McGonigle Brian A. Rubin Walter P. Stuart III Thomas E. Tewksbury Thea N. Williams (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Global Allocation | Charles M. Shriver Robert L. Harlow Steven C. Huber Stefan Hubrich Robert M. Larkins Robert A. Panariello Richard T. Whitney (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Global Real Estate | David M. Lee Richard N. Clattenburg Tetsuji Inoue Nina P. Jones Michael M. Lasota Robert J. Marcotte Raymond A. Mills Eric C. Moffett Philip A. Nestico Viral S. Patel Marta Yago (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Global Technology | Joshua K. Spencer Kennard W. Allen P. Robert Bartolo Christopher W. Carlson David J. Eiswert Henry M. Ellenbogen Paul D. Greene II Rhett K. Hunter Daniel Martino Heather K. McPherson Tobias F. Mueller Hiroaki Owaki Michael F. Sola Thomas H. Watson Justin P. White Alison Mei Ling Yip (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
28
Fund | Name | Position Held |
GNMA | Andrew C. McCormick Anil K. Andhavarapu Stephen L. Bartolini Brian J. Brennan Christopher P. Brown Keir R. Joyce Martin G. Lee Alan D. Levenson John D. Wells (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Growth & Income | Thomas J. Huber Shawn T. Driscoll David M. Lee Daniel Martino Robert T. Quinn, Jr. Jeffrey Rottinghaus David L. Rowlett Gabriel Solomon Joshua K. Spencer Eric L. Veiel (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Growth Stock | P. Robert Bartolo Kennard W. Allen Joseph B. Fath Paul D. Greene II Barry Henderson Daniel Martino Larry J. Puglia Robert W. Sharps Robert W. Smith Taymour R. Tamaddon Eric L. Veiel Justin P. White (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Health Sciences | Taymour R. Tamaddon Ziad Bakri Melissa C. Gallagher Jason Nogueira Charles G. Pepin John C.A. Sherman Jon Davis Wood Rouven J. Wool-Lewis (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
29
Fund | Name | Position Held |
High Yield | Mark J. Vaselkiv Jason A. Bauer Andrew M. Brooks Andrew L. Cohen Michael F. Connelly Michael Della Vedova Carson R. Dickson Stephen M. Finamore Justin T. Gerbereux Andrew P. Jamison Paul A. Karpers Paul M. Massaro Michael J. McGonigle Brian A. Rubin Walter P. Stuart III Thomas E. Tewksbury Thea N. Williams (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Index Trust Equity Index 500 Extended Equity Market Index Total Equity Market Index | E. Frederick Bair Ken D. Uematsu R. Scott Livingston Neil Smith Craig A. Thiese J. Zachary Wood (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Inflation Focused Bond | Daniel O. Shackelford Brian J. Brennan Steven G. Brooks Jerome A. Clark Bridget A. Ebner Jared S. Franz Michael J. Grogan Geoffrey M. Hardin Charles B. Hill Keir R. Joyce Wyatt A. Lee Andrew C. McCormick Cheryl A. Mickel Vernon A. Reid, Jr. Michael F. Reinartz John D. Wells Edward A. Wiese (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Inflation Protected Bond | Daniel O. Shackelford Brian J. Brennan Geoffrey M. Hardin Alan D. Levenson Andrew C. McCormick Rebecca L. Setcavage (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President |
30
Fund | Name | Position Held |
Institutional Equity Funds Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth Institutional Large-Cap Growth Institutional Large-Cap Value Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth Institutional Small-Cap Stock Institutional U.S. Structured Research | Brian C. Rogers Brian W.H. Berghuis Anna M. Dopkin Mark S. Finn John D. Linehan Gregory A. McCrickard Larry J. Puglia Robert W. Sharps Ann M. Holcomb J. David Wagner John F. Wakeman (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Institutional Income Funds Institutional Core Plus Institutional Floating Rate Institutional Global Multi-Sector Bond Institutional High Yield Institutional Long Duration Credit | Mark J. Vaselkiv Brian J. Brennan Paul A. Karpers Paul M. Massaro Jeffrey M. Anapolsky Steve Boothe Andrew M. Brooks Christopher P. Brown Brian E. Burns Andrew L. Cohen Michael J. Conelius Michael F. Connelly Stephen M. Finamore Justin T. Gerbereux David R. Giroux Steven C. Huber Andrew J. Keirle Ian D. Kelson Andrew C. McCormick Michael J. McGonigle Brian A. Rubin Daniel O. Shackelford Walter P. Stuart III Ju Yen Tan Thomas E. Tewksbury David A. Tiberii Edward A. Wiese Thea N. Williams (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Institutional International Funds Institutional Africa & Middle East Institutional Concentrated International Equity Institutional Emerging Markets Bond Institutional Emerging Markets Equity Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity Institutional Global Growth Equity Institutional Global Value Equity Institutional International Bond Institutional International Core Equity Institutional International Growth Equity | Christopher D. Alderson Oliver D.M. Bell R. Scott Berg Richard N. Clattenburg Michael J. Conelius Mark J.T. Edwards David J. Eiswert Andrew J. Keirle Ian D. Kelson Sebastien Mallet Raymond A. Mills Joshua Nelson Jason Nogueira Gonzalo Pangaro Christopher J. Rothery Federico Santilli Robert W. Smith Ulle Adamson Roy H. Adkins | President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President |
31
Fund | Name | Position Held |
| Paulina Amieva Malik S. Asif Peter J. Bates Peter I. Botoucharov Brian J. Brennan Archibald Ciganer Albeniz Jose Costa Buck Carolyn Hoi Che Chu Michael Della Vedova Richard de los Reyes Shawn T. Driscoll Bridget A. Ebner Mark S. Finn Paul D. Greene II M. Campbell Gunn Stefan Hubrich Leigh Innes Randal S. Jenneke Yoichiro Kai Christopher J. Kushlis Mark J. Lawrence David M. Lee Christopher C. Loop Anh Lu Daniel Martino Jonathan H.W. Matthews Susanta Mazumdar Sudhir Nanda Michael D. Oh Kenneth A. Orchard Timothy E. Parker Craig J. Pennington Frederick A. Rizzo Sebastian Schrott Robert W. Sharps John C.A. Sherman Joshua K. Spencer David A. Stanley Jonty Starbuck Taymour R. Tamaddon Ju Yen Tan Dean Tenerelli Eric L. Veiel Christopher S. Whitehouse J. Howard Woodward Ernest C. Yeung (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Fund | Name | Position Held |
32
International Funds Africa & Middle East Emerging Europe Emerging Markets Bond Emerging Markets Corporate Bond Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Emerging Markets Stock European Stock Global Industrials Global Growth Stock Global Infrastructure Global Stock International Bond International Discovery International Growth & Income International Stock Japan Latin America New Asia Overseas Stock | Christopher D. Alderson Peter J. Bates Oliver D.M. Bell R. Scott Berg Richard N. Clattenburg Michael J. Conelius Jose Costa Buck Mark J.T. Edwards David J. Eiswert M. Campbell Gunn Leigh Innes Andrew J. Keirle Ian D. Kelson Anh Lu | President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President | |
| Fund | Name | Position Held |
|
33
Fund | Name | Position Held |
International Index Fund International Equity Index | E. Frederick Bair Neil Smith R. Scott Livingston Craig A. Thiese Ken D. Uematsu J. Zachary Wood (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Media & Telecommunications | Paul D. Greene II Ulle Adamson P. Robert Bartolo David J. Eiswert Henry M. Ellenbogen Joseph B. Fath James H. Friedland Daniel Martino Philip A. Nestico Curt J. Organt Corey D. Shull Robert W. Smith Justin P. White Christopher S. Whitehouse Ernest C. Yeung Wenli Zheng (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Mid-Cap Growth | Brian W.H. Berghuis John F. Wakeman Kennard W. Allen P. Robert Bartolo Shawn T. Driscoll Donald J. Easley Henry M. Ellenbogen Robert J. Marcotte Daniel Martino David L. Rowlett Clark R. Shields Taymour R. Tamaddon (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Mid-Cap Value | David J. Wallack Heather K. McPherson Ryan N. Burgess Christopher W. Carlson Ira W. Carnahan Jonathan Chou Henry M. Ellenbogen Mark S. Finn Nina P. Jones Gregory A. McCrickard Ian C. McDonald J. David Wagner John M. Williams (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
34
Fund | Name | Position Held |
Multi-Sector Account Portfolios Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio Investment-Grade Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Michael C. Gitlin Michael J. Conelius Andrew J. Keirle Paul M. Massaro Andrew C. McCormick David A. Tiberii Mark J. Vaselkiv Roy H. Adkins Anil K. Andhavarapu Stephen L. Bartolini Steve Boothe Peter I. Botoucharov Brian J. Brennan Steven G. Brooks Christopher P. Brown Brian E. Burns Sheldon Chan Carolyn Hoi Che Chu Michael F. Connelly Bridget A. Ebner Stephen M. Finamore Justin T. Gerbereux Michael J. Grogan Steven C. Huber Keir R. Joyce Paul A. Karpers Ian D. Kelson Christopher J. Kushlis Michael Lambe Martin G. Lee Alan D. Levenson Christopher C. Loop Michael J. McGonigle Samy B. Muaddi Christina Ni Alexander S. Obaza Michael D. Oh Kenneth A. Orchard Miso Park Vernon A. Reid, Jr. Theodore E. Robson Brian M. Ropp Christopher J. Rothery Brian A. Rubin Daniel O. Shackelford David A. Stanley Kimberly A. Stokes Walter P. Stuart III Ju Yen Tan Thomas E. Tewksbury Robert. D. Thomas Siby Thomas Lauren T. Wagandt John D. Wells Edward A. Wiese Thea N. Williams J. Howard Woodward (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
35
Fund | Name | Position Held |
New America Growth | Daniel Martino Francisco M. Alonso P. Robert Bartolo Brian W.H. Berghuis Shawn T. Driscoll Benjamin D. Landy Ian C. McDonald Jason Nogueira Curt J. Organt Robert W. Sharps Clark R. Shields Taymour R. Tamaddon Craig A. Thiese Eric L. Veiel (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
New Era | Shawn T. Driscoll Syed H. Ali Ryan N. Burgess Richard de los Reyes Mark S. Finn Shinwoo Kim Jeremy D. Kokemor Steven D. Krichbaum Benjamin D. Landy Ryan Martyn Susanta Mazumdar Heather K. McPherson Timothy E. Parker Craig J. Pennington Craig A. Thiese David J. Wallack John M. Williams (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
New Horizons | Henry M. Ellenbogen Francisco M. Alonso Preston G. Athey Brian W.H. Berghuis Michael F. Blandino Christopher W. Carlson Rhett K. Hunter Timothy E. Parker Clark R. Shields Michael F. Sola Taymour R. Tamaddon Justin Thomson J. David Wagner Thomas H. Watson (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
36
Fund | Name | Position Held |
New Income | Daniel O. Shackelford Steve Boothe Brian J. Brennan Christopher P. Brown Michael J. Grogan Geoffrey M. Hardin Steven C. Huber Alan D. Levenson Andrew C. McCormick Vernon A. Reid, Jr. David A. Tiberii Edward A. Wiese (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Personal Strategy Funds Personal Strategy Balanced Personal Strategy Growth Personal Strategy Income | Charles M. Shriver Christopher D. Alderson E. Frederick Bair Jerome A. Clark Kimberly E. DeDominicis Mark S. Finn Ian D. Kelson Wyatt A. Lee Raymond A. Mills Larry J. Puglia Brian C. Rogers Robert W. Smith Guido F. Stubenrauch Mark J. Vaselkiv Richard T. Whitney (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Prime Reserve | Joseph K. Lynagh Austin Applegate Steven G. Brooks M. Helena Condez G. Richard Dent Jared S. Franz Alan D. Levenson Alexander S. Obaza Douglas D. Spratley Edward A. Wiese Chen Shao (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President |
Real Assets | Wyatt A. Lee E. Frederick Bair Richard de los Reyes Shawn T. Driscoll Jared S. Franz Stefan Hubrich David M. Lee Susanta Mazumdar Timothy E. Parker Daniel O. Shackelford Charles M. Shriver Richard T. Whitney (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
37
Fund | Name | Position Held |
Real Estate | David M. Lee Anna M. Dopkin Joseph B. Fath Thomas J. Huber Nina P. Jones Michael M. Lasota Philip A. Nestico Theodore E. Robson (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
TRP Reserve Investment Funds Government Reserve Investment Reserve Investment Short-Term Government Reserve Short-Term Reserve | Joseph K. Lynagh Austin Applegate Steven G. Brooks M. Helena Condez G. Richard Dent Jared S. Franz Alan D. Levenson Alexander S. Obaza Douglas D. Spratley Edward A. Wiese Chen Shao (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President |
Retirement Funds Retirement 2005 Retirement 2010 Retirement 2015 Retirement 2020 Retirement 2025 Retirement 2030 Retirement 2035 Retirement 2040 Retirement 2045 Retirement 2050 Retirement 2055 Retirement Income Target Retirement 2005 Target Retirement 2010 Target Retirement 2015 Target Retirement 2020 Target Retirement 2025 Target Retirement 2030 Target Retirement 2035 Target Retirement 2040 Target Retirement 2045 Target Retirement 2050 Target Retirement 2055 | Jerome A. Clark Wyatt A. Lee Christopher D. Alderson Kimberly E. DeDominicis Ian D. Kelson Brian C. Rogers Daniel O. Shackelford Charles M. Shriver Robert W. Smith Guido F. Stubenrauch Mark J. Vaselkiv Richard T. Whitney (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
38
Fund | Name | Position Held |
Science & Technology | Kennard W. Allen Brian W.H. Berghuis David J. Eiswert Paul D. Greene II Rhett K. Hunter Daniel Martino Shalin Mody Tobias F. Mueller Hiroaki Owaki Adam Poussard Michael F. Sola Joshua K. Spencer Thomas H. Watson Justin P. White Alison Mei Ling Yip (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Short-Term Bond Ultra Short-Term Bond | Edward A. Wiese Joseph K. Lynagh Brian J. Brennan Steven G. Brooks M. Helena Condez Bridget A. Ebner Michael J. Grogan Geoffrey M. Hardin Charles B. Hill Keir R. Joyce Andrew C. McCormick Cheryl A. Mickel Vernon A. Reid, Jr. Michael F. Reinartz Daniel O. Shackelford Douglas D. Spratley John D. Wells (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Small-Cap Stock | Gregory A. McCrickard Francisco M. Alonso Preston G. Athey Ira W. Carnahan Andrew S. Davis Hugh M. Evans III Christopher T. Fortune Steven D. Krichbaum Robert J. Marcotte Curt J. Organt Michael F. Sola J. David Wagner (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
Small-Cap Value | Preston G. Athey Francisco M. Alonso Hugh M. Evans III Christopher T. Fortune Nina P. Jones Steven D. Krichbaum Gregory A. McCrickard Curt J. Organt J. David Wagner (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
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Fund | Name | Position Held |
Spectrum Funds Spectrum Growth Spectrum Income Spectrum International | Charles M. Shriver Christopher D. Alderson Kimberly E. DeDominicis Ian D. Kelson Brian C. Rogers Daniel O. Shackelford Robert W. Smith Guido F. Stubenrauch Mark J. Vaselkiv Richard T. Whitney (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
State Tax-Free Income Trust Georgia Tax-Free Bond Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond Maryland Tax-Free Bond Maryland Tax-Free Money New Jersey Tax-Free Bond New York Tax-Free Bond New York Tax-Free Money Virginia Tax-Free Bond | Hugh D. McGuirk Charles B. Hill Joseph K. Lynagh Konstantine B. Mallas Austin Applegate R. Lee Arnold, Jr. M. Helena Condez Patricia S. Deford G. Richard Dent Charles E. Emrich Jared S. Franz Dylan Jones Marcy M. Lash Alan D. Levenson James M. Murphy Linda A. Murphy Alexander S. Obaza Douglas D. Spratley Timothy G. Taylor Edward A. Wiese Michael K. Sewell Chen Shao (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President Assistant Vice President |
Strategic Income | Steven C. Huber Michael J. Conelius Justin T. Gerbereux Andrew J. Keirle Ian D. Kelson Martin G. Lee Paul M. Massaro Andrew C. McCormick Michael J. McGonigle David A. Stanley Ju Yen Tan David A. Tiberii Mark J. Vaselkiv (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
40
Fund | Name | Position Held |
Summit Funds Summit Cash Reserves Summit GNMA | Andrew C. McCormick Joseph K. Lynagh Anil K. Andhavarapu Austin Applegate Stephen L. Bartolini Brian J. Brennan Christopher P. Brown M. Helena Condez G. Richard Dent Jared S. Franz Keir R. Joyce Martin G. Lee Alan D. Levenson Alexander S. Obaza Douglas D. Spratley Susan G. Troll John D. Wells Edward A. Wiese Chen Shao (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President |
Summit Municipal Funds Summit Municipal Income Summit Municipal Intermediate Summit Municipal Money Market | Hugh D. McGuirk Charles B. Hill Joseph K. Lynagh Konstantine B. Mallas Austin Applegate R. Lee Arnold, Jr. M. Helena Condez Patricia S. Deford G. Richard Dent Charles E. Emrich Jared S. Franz Dylan Jones Marcy M. Lash Alan D. Levenson James M. Murphy Linda A. Murphy Alexander S. Obaza Douglas D. Spratley Timothy G. Taylor Edward A. Wiese Michael K. Sewell Chen Shao (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President Assistant Vice President |
Tax-Efficient Funds Tax-Efficient Equity | Donald J. Peters Kennard W. Allen Preston G. Athey Ziad Bakri Andrew S. Davis Donald J. Easley Timothy E. Parker Robert T. Quinn, Jr. William J. Stromberg Taymour R. Tamaddon Mark R. Weigman (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
41
Fund | Name | Position Held |
Tax-Exempt Money | Joseph K. Lynagh Austin Applegate Steven G. Brooks M. Helena Condez G. Richard Dent Jared S. Franz Marcy M. Lash Alan D. Levenson Alexander S. Obaza Douglas D. Spratley Edward A. Wiese Chen Shao (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President |
Tax-Free High Yield | James M. Murphy R. Lee Arnold, Jr. Austin Applegate M. Helena Condez Patricia S. Deford G. Richard Dent Charles B. Hill Dylan Jones Marcy M. Lash Konstantine B. Mallas Hugh D. McGuirk Linda A. Murphy Timothy G. Taylor Michael K. Sewell Chen Shao (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President Assistant Vice President |
Tax-Free Income | Konstantine B. Mallas R. Lee Arnold, Jr. M. Helena Condez Patricia S. Deford G. Richard Dent Charles B. Hill Marcy M. Lash Hugh D. McGuirk James M. Murphy Timothy G. Taylor Michael K. Sewell Chen Shao (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President Assistant Vice President |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond | Charles B. Hill Austin Applegate M. Helena Condez G. Richard Dent Charles E. Emrich Dylan Jones Marcy M. Lash Joseph K. Lynagh Konstantine B. Mallas Hugh D. McGuirk Timothy G. Taylor Edward A. Wiese Michael K. Sewell Chen Shao (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President Assistant Vice President |
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Fund | Name | Position Held |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | Robert M. Larkins Steven C. Huber Martin G. Lee Peter D. Leiser, Jr. Andrew C. McCormick Brian M. Ropp Daniel O. Shackelford David A. Tiberii Zhen Xia (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | Jeffrey Rottinghaus Peter J. Bates Shawn T. Driscoll Joseph B. Fath Mark S. Finn John D. Linehan George A. Marzano Timothy E. Parker Robert T. Quinn, Jr. Robert W. Sharps (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
U.S. Treasury Funds U.S. Treasury Intermediate U.S. Treasury Long-Term U.S. Treasury Money | Brian J. Brennan Joseph K. Lynagh Austin Applegate Steven G. Brooks M. Helena Condez G. Richard Dent Jared S. Franz Geoffrey M. Hardin Alan D. Levenson Andrew C. McCormick Samy B. Muaddi Alexander S. Obaza Vernon A. Reid, Jr. Daniel O. Shackelford Douglas D. Spratley Edward A. Wiese Rebecca L. Setcavage Chen Shao (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Executive Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Assistant Vice President Assistant Vice President |
Value | Mark S. Finn Peter J. Bates Ryan N. Burgess Ira W. Carnahan Andrew S. Davis David R. Giroux John D. Linehan Heather K. McPherson Robert T. Quinn, Jr. Brian C. Rogers Joshua K. Spencer Walter P. Stuart III Eric L. Veiel Tamara P. Wiggs (For remaining officers, refer to the All funds table) | President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President Vice President |
43
Officers
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Ulle Adamson, 1979 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Media & Telecommunications Fund |
Roy H. Adkins, 1970 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Christopher D. Alderson, 1962 Director and President-International Equity, T. Rowe Price International; Companys Representative, Director and Vice President, Price Hong Kong; Director and Vice President, Price Singapore; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds; Vice President, Personal Strategy Funds, Retirement Funds, and Spectrum Funds |
Syed H. Ali, 1970 Vice President, Price Singapore and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Research Analyst, Credit Suisse Securities (to 2010) | Vice President, International Funds and New Era Fund |
Kennard W. Allen, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | President, Science & Technology Fund; Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Global Technology Fund, Growth Stock Fund, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and Tax-Efficient Funds |
Francisco M. Alonso, 1978 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, New America Growth Fund, New Horizons Fund, Small-Cap Stock Fund, and Small-Cap Value Fund |
Paulina Amieva, 1981 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds |
Jeffrey M. Anapolsky, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Vice President, American Capital, Ltd. (to 2010) | Vice President, Institutional Income Funds |
Anil K. Andhavarapu, 1980 Vice President, T. Rowe Price; formerly Employee, Nomura Holdings America, Inc. (to 2009) | Vice President, GNMA Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and Summit Funds |
Austin Applegate, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Senior Municipal Credit Research Analyst, Barclays Capital (to 2011) | Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Funds, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
R. Lee Arnold, Jr., 1970 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA, CPA | Executive Vice President, Tax-Free High Yield Fund; Vice President, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, and Tax-Free Income Fund |
Malik S. Asif, 1981 Employee,
T. Rowe Price; formerly student, The University | Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds |
Preston G. Athey, 1949 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA, CIC | President, Small-Cap Value Fund; Vice President, New Horizons Fund, Small-Cap Stock Fund, and Tax-Efficient Funds |
44
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
E. Frederick Bair, 1969 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA, CPA | President, Index Trust and International Index Fund; Vice President, Balanced Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, and Real Assets Fund |
Ziad Bakri, 1980 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Vice President, Cowen and Company; M.D., CFA | Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Health Sciences Fund, and Tax-Efficient Funds |
Hari Balkrishna, 1983 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; formerly intern, T. Rowe Price (to 2010) and Analyst, Investment Banking Division of Financial Institutions Group, Goldman Sachs, Sydney, Australia (to 2009) | Vice President, International Funds |
Sheena L. Barbosa, 1983 Employee, T. Rowe Price | Vice President, International Funds |
Stephen L. Bartolini, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Senior Portfolio Manager, Senior Trader, and Analyst, Fannie Mae (to 2010); CFA | Vice President, GNMA Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and Summit Funds |
P. Robert Bartolo, 1972 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA, CPA | President, Growth Stock Fund; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Global Technology Fund, Media & Telecommunications Fund, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and New America Growth Fund |
Peter J. Bates, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Executive Vice President, International Funds; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Capital Opportunity Fund, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Dividend Growth Fund, Institutional International Funds, U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund, and Value Fund |
Jason A. Bauer, 1979 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, High Yield Fund |
Luis M. Baylac, 1982 Employee, T. Rowe Price | Vice President, International Funds |
Oliver D.M. Bell, 1969 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; formerly Head of Global Emerging Markets Research, Pictet Asset Management Ltd. (to 2011) and Portfolio Manager of Africa and Middle East portfolios and other emerging markets strategies, Pictet Asset Management Ltd. (to 2009) | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds |
R. Scott Berg, 1972 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds |
Brian W.H. Berghuis, 1958 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | President, Mid-Cap Growth Fund; Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund, New America Growth Fund, New Horizons Fund, and Science & Technology Fund |
Michael F. Blandino, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Executive Director, Convertible Sales, JPMorgan (to 2009) | Vice President, New Horizons Fund |
Steve Boothe, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Executive Vice President, Corporate Income Fund; Vice President, Institutional Income Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios and New Income Fund |
45
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Peter I. Botoucharov, 1965 Vice President, T. Rowe Price International; formerly Director EMEA Macroeconomic Research and Strategy (to 2012); and Global Source, Independent Financial Advisor (to 2010) | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Brian J. Brennan, 1964 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe
Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust | President, U.S. Treasury Funds; Executive Vice President, Institutional Income Funds; Vice President, GNMA Fund, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Inflation Protected Bond Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, New Income Fund, Short-Term Bond Fund, and Summit Funds |
Andrew M. Brooks, 1956 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Equity Income Fund, High Yield Fund, and Institutional Income Funds |
Steven G. Brooks, 1954 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Corporate Income Fund, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, Short-Term Bond Fund, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
Christopher P. Brown, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, GNMA Fund, Institutional Income Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, New Income Fund, and Summit Funds |
Ryan N. Burgess, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Capital Appreciation Fund, International Funds, Mid-Cap Value Fund, New Era Fund, and Value Fund |
Brian E. Burns, 1960 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | Vice President, Floating Rate Fund, Institutional Income Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Christopher W. Carlson, 1967 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund, Global Technology Fund, Mid-Cap Value Fund, and New Horizons Fund |
Ira W. Carnahan, 1963 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Mid-Cap Value Fund, Small-Cap Stock Fund and Value Fund |
Sheldon Chan, 1981 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and Price Hong Kong; formerly Associate Director, HSBC (Hong Kong) (to 2011) | Vice President, International Funds and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Tak Yiu Cheng, 1974 Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA, CPA | Vice President, International Funds |
Carolyn Hoi Che Chu, 1974 Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Director, Bank of America Merrill Lynch and co-head of credit and convertibles research team in Hong Kong (to 2010) | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Jonathan Chou, 1980 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, International Funds, and Mid-Cap Value Fund |
Archibald Ciganer Albeniz, 1976 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds |
46
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Jerome A. Clark, 1961 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | President, Retirement Funds; Vice President, Inflation Focused Bond Fund and Personal Strategy Funds |
Richard N. Clattenburg, 1979 Vice President, Price Singapore, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds; Vice President, Global Real Estate Fund |
Andrew L. Cohen, 1979 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Associate Power & Energy/Strategic Investments Metlife Investments (to 2010); and Vice President/Investment Officer Special Opportunities Group, Capital Source Finance LLC (to 2009); CFA | Vice President, High Yield Fund and Institutional Income Funds |
M. Helena Condez, 1962 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, Short-Term Bond Fund, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Funds, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Tax-Free Income Fund, Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
Michael J. Conelius, 1964 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios; Vice President, Institutional Income Funds and Strategic Income Fund |
Michael F. Connelly, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Floating Rate Fund, High Yield Fund, Institutional Income Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Jose Costa Buck, 1972 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Executive Vice President, International Funds; Vice President, Institutional International Funds |
Andrew S. Davis, 1978 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Intern, Franklin Templeton Investments (to 2009) | Vice President, International Funds, Small-Cap Stock Fund, Tax-Efficient Funds, and Value Fund |
Kimberly E. DeDominicis, 1976 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Balanced Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, Retirement Funds, and Spectrum Funds |
Patricia S. Deford, 1957 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, and Tax-Free Income Fund |
Richard de los Reyes, 1975 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, New Era Fund, and Real Assets Fund |
Michael Della Vedova, 1969 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; formerly Co-founder and Partner, Four Quarter Capital (to 2009) | Vice President, High Yield Fund, Institutional International Funds, and International Funds |
G. Richard Dent, 1960 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Funds, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Tax-Free Income Fund, Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
47
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Carson R. Dickson, 1976 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA, CPA | Vice President, High Yield Fund |
Jessie Q. Ding, 1981 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and Price Hong Kong | Vice President, International Funds |
Anna M. Dopkin, 1967 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | President, Capital Opportunity Fund; Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Balanced Fund, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund, and Real Estate Fund |
Shawn T. Driscoll, 1975 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | President, New Era Fund; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Growth & Income Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Real Assets Fund, and U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund |
Donald J. Easley, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Executive Vice President, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund; Vice President, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and Tax-Efficient Funds |
Bridget A. Ebner, 1970 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and Short-Term Bond Fund |
Mark J.T. Edwards, 1957 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds |
David J. Eiswert, 1972 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds; Vice President, Global Technology Fund, Media & Telecommunications Fund, and Science & Technology Fund |
Henry M. Ellenbogen, 1973 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | President, New Horizons Fund; Vice President, Global Technology Fund, International Funds, Media & Telecommunications Fund, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and Mid-Cap Value Fund |
Charles E. Emrich, 1961 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund |
Hugh M. Evans III, 1966 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Small-Cap Stock Fund and Small-Cap Value Fund |
Luis Fananas, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price International; formerly Equities Research Director, Deutsche Bank (to 2012) | Vice President, International Funds |
Joseph B. Fath, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA | Vice President, Growth Stock Fund, Media & Telecommunications Fund, Real Estate Fund, and U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund |
Roger L. Fiery III, 1959 Vice President, Price Hong Kong, Price Singapore, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CPA | Vice President, all funds |
Stephen M. Finamore, 1976 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA | Vice President, Financial Services Fund, Floating Rate Fund, High Yield Fund, Institutional Income Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
48
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Mark S. Finn, 1963 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA, CPA | President, Value Fund; Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Balanced Fund, Capital Appreciation Fund, Equity Income Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, Mid-Cap Value Fund, New Era Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, and U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund |
Christopher T. Fortune, 1973 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Financial Services Fund, Small-Cap Stock Fund, and Small-Cap Value Fund |
Jared S. Franz, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price | Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Prime Reserve Fund, Real Assets Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Funds, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
Jon M. Friar, 1982 Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly Summer Intern, T. Rowe Price (to 2011) | Vice President, Equity Income Fund and Financial Services Fund |
James H. Friedland, 1970 Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly Senior Internet Analyst and Managing Director, Cowen and Company (to 2012) | Vice President, Media & Telecommunications Fund |
Melissa C. Gallagher, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Health Sciences Fund and International Funds |
Justin T. Gerbereux, 1975 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | Vice President, Floating Rate Fund, High Yield Fund, Institutional Income Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and Strategic Income Fund |
John R. Gilner, 1961 Chief Compliance Officer and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc. | Chief Compliance Officer, all funds |
David R. Giroux, 1975 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | President, Capital Appreciation Fund; Vice President, Equity Income Fund, Floating Rate Fund, Institutional Income Funds, and Value Fund |
Gregory S. Golczewski, 1966 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | Vice President, all funds |
Vishnu Vardhan Gopal, 1979 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and Price Hong Kong | Vice President, International Funds |
Paul D. Greene II, 1978 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | President, Media & Telecommunications Fund; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Capital Appreciation Fund, Equity Income Fund, Global Technology Fund, Growth Stock Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Science & Technology Fund |
Benjamin Griffiths, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Vice President, International Funds |
Michael J. Grogan, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Corporate Income Fund, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, New Income Fund, and Short-Term Bond Fund |
49
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
M. Campbell Gunn, 1956 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Executive Vice President, International Funds; Vice President, Institutional International Funds |
Geoffrey M. Hardin, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Inflation Protected Bond Fund, New Income Fund, Short-Term Bond Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
Robert L. Harlow, 1986 Vice President, T. Rowe Price; CAIA, CFA | Vice President, Global Allocation Fund |
Barry Henderson, 1966 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Growth Stock Fund |
Charles B. Hill, 1961 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | President, Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund; Executive Vice President, State Tax-Free Income Trust and Summit Municipal Funds; Vice President, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Short-Term Bond Fund, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, and Tax-Free Income Fund |
Gregory K. Hinkle, 1958 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CPA | Treasurer, all funds |
Ann M. Holcomb, 1972 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund and Institutional Equity Funds |
Steven C. Huber, 1958 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA, FSA | President, Strategic Income Fund; Vice President, Floating Rate Fund, Global Allocation Fund, Institutional Income Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, New Income Fund, and U.S. Bond Enhanced Index Fund |
Thomas J. Huber, 1966 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | President, Dividend Growth Fund and Growth & Income Fund; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Equity Income Fund, and Real Estate Fund |
Stefan Hubrich, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Ph.D., CFA | Vice President, Global Allocation Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Real Assets Fund |
Rhett K. Hunter, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Global Technology Fund, New Horizons Fund, and Science & Technology Fund |
Leigh Innes, 1976 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Executive Vice President, International Funds; Vice President, Institutional International Funds |
Tetsuji Inoue, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; formerly Equity Sales, JP Morgan Chase Securities Ltd. (to 2012); Equity Specialist Technology, ICAP PLC (to 2010); and Managing Director Financial Sector Fund Manager, North Sound Capital LLC (to 2009) | Vice President, Global Real Estate Fund and International Funds |
Andrew P. Jamison, 1981 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly student, Darden Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Virginia (to 2009) | Vice President, High Yield Fund |
Randal S. Jenneke, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; formerly Senior Portfolio Manager Australian Equities (to 2010) | Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds |
50
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Jin W. Jeong, 1976 Vice President, T. Rowe Price International; formerly Research Analyst, Wellington Management (to 2009) | Vice President, International Funds |
Prashant G. Jeyaganesh, 1983 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund, and International Funds |
Dylan Jones, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price; CFA | Vice President, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund |
Nina P. Jones, 1980 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA | Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Financial Services Fund, Global Real Estate Fund, Mid-Cap Value Fund, Real Estate Fund, and Small-Cap Value Fund |
Keir R. Joyce, 1972 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, GNMA Fund, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, Short-Term Bond Fund, and Summit Funds |
Vidya Kadiyam, 1980 Vice President, T. Rowe Price | Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund |
Yoichiro Kai, 1973 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; formerly Japanese Financial/Real Estate Sector Analyst/Portfolio Manager, Citadel Investment Group, Asia Limited (to 2009) | Vice President, Financial Services Fund, Institutional International Funds, and International Funds |
Jai Kapadia, 1982 Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly student, MIT Sloan School of Management (to 2011); Associate Analyst, Sirios Capital Management (to 2009) | Vice President, International Funds |
Paul A. Karpers, 1967 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Executive Vice President, Institutional Income Funds; Vice President, Balanced Fund, Corporate Income Fund, Floating Rate Fund, High Yield Fund, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Andrew J. Keirle, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios; Vice President, Institutional Income Funds and Strategic Income Fund |
Ian D. Kelson, 1956 Director and President-International Fixed Income, T. Rowe Price International; Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds; Vice President, Institutional Income Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, Personal Strategy Funds, Retirement Funds, Spectrum Funds, and Strategic Income Fund |
Shinwoo Kim, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, New Era Fund |
Jeremy D. Kokemor, 1982 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Summer Intern at T. Rowe Price (to 2009); CFA | Vice President, New Era Fund |
Steven D. Krichbaum, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, New Era Fund, Small-Cap Stock Fund, and Small-Cap Value Fund |
Christopher J. Kushlis, 1976 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Michael Lambe, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Vice President, Corporate Income Fund and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
51
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Benjamin D. Landy, 1980 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly student, University of Chicago, Booth School of Business (to 2009) | Vice President, New America Growth Fund and New Era Fund |
Robert M. Larkins, 1973 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | President, U.S. Bond Enhanced Index Fund; Vice President, Balanced Fund and Global Allocation Fund |
Marcy M. Lash, 1963 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Tax-Free Income Fund, and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund |
Michael M. Lasota, 1982 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Global Real Estate Fund, and Real Estate Fund |
Aden Lau, 1982 Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly student, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania (to 2012); Private Equity Associate Financial Services, Stone Point Capital (to 2010); and Investment Banking Analyst Financial Institutions Group, Credit Suisse (to 2009) | Vice President, International Funds |
Mark J. Lawrence, 1970 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds |
David M. Lee, 1962 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | President, Global Real Estate Fund and Real Estate Fund; Vice President, Dividend Growth Fund, Growth & Income Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Real Assets Fund |
Martin G. Lee, 1963 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, GNMA Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, Strategic Income Fund, Summit Funds, and U.S. Bond Enhanced Index Fund |
Wyatt A. Lee, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | President, Real Assets Fund; Executive Vice President, Retirement Funds; Vice President, Balanced Fund, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, and Personal Strategy Funds |
Peter D. Leiser, Jr., 1966 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, U.S. Bond Enhanced Index Fund |
Alan D. Levenson, 1958 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Ph.D. | Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Corporate Income Fund, GNMA Fund, Inflation Protected Bond Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, New Income Fund, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Funds, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
John D. Linehan, 1965 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Equity Income Fund, U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund, and Value Fund |
Patricia B. Lippert, 1953 Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc. | Secretary, all funds |
R. Scott Livingston, 1979 Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price | Vice President, International Index Fund and Index Trust Funds |
52
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Christopher C. Loop, 1966 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Anh Lu, 1968 Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Executive Vice President, International Funds; Vice President, Institutional International Funds |
Joseph K. Lynagh, 1958 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | President, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, and Tax-Exempt Money Fund; Executive Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Short-Term Bond Fund, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Funds, Summit Municipal Funds, and U.S. Treasury Funds; Vice President, Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund |
Konstantine B. Mallas, 1963 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | President, Tax-Free Income Fund; Executive Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, and Summit Municipal Funds; Vice President, Tax-Free High Yield Fund and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund |
Sebastien Mallet, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds; Vice President, International Funds |
Robert J. Marcotte, 1962 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Global Real Estate Fund, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and Small-Cap Stock Fund |
Jennifer Martin, 1972 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund |
Daniel Martino, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | President, New America Growth Fund; Vice President, Dividend Growth Fund, Global Technology Fund, Growth & Income Fund, Growth Stock Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, Media & Telecommunications, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and Science & Technology Fund |
Ryan Martyn, 1979 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; formerly Investment Analyst, VGI Partners (to 2009) | Vice President, International Funds and New Era Fund |
George A. Marzano, 1980 Vice President, T. Rowe Price | Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund and U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund |
Paul M. Massaro, 1975 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | Executive Vice President, Floating Rate Fund, Institutional Income Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios; Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, High Yield Fund, and Strategic Income Fund |
Jonathan H.W. Matthews, 1975 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Executive Vice President, International Funds; Vice President, Institutional International Funds |
Susanta Mazumdar, 1968 Vice President, Price Singapore and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Executive Vice President, International Funds; Vice President, Institutional International Funds, New Era Fund, and Real Assets Fund |
53
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Andrew C. McCormick, 1960 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | President, GNMA Fund and Summit Funds; Executive Vice President, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios; Vice President, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Inflation Protected Bond Fund, Institutional Income Funds, New Income Fund, Short-Term Bond Fund, Strategic Income Fund, U.S. Bond Enhanced Index Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
Gregory A. McCrickard, 1958 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | President, Small-Cap Stock Fund; Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Mid-Cap Value Fund and Small-Cap Value Fund |
Ian C. McDonald, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Financial Services Fund, Mid-Cap Value Fund, and New America Growth Fund |
Michael J. McGonigle, 1966 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Financial Services Fund, Floating Rate Fund, High Yield Fund, Institutional Income Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and Strategic Income Fund |
Hugh D. McGuirk, 1960 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, and Summit Municipal Funds; Vice President, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Tax-Free Income Fund, and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund |
Heather K. McPherson, 1967 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA | Executive Vice President, Mid-Cap Value Fund; Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Global Technology Fund, New Era Fund, and Value Fund |
Cheryl A. Mickel, 1967 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | Vice President, Inflation Focused Bond Fund and Short-Term Bond Fund |
Raymond A. Mills, 1960 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Ph.D., CFA | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds; Vice President, Balanced Fund, Global Real Estate Fund, and Personal Strategy Funds |
Jihong Min, 1979 Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly Financial Analyst, Geosphere Capital Management, Singapore (to 2012); and Financial Analyst, Fortress Investment Group, Hong Kong (to 2009) | Vice President, International Funds |
Shalin Mody, 1980 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly student, University of Chicago, Booth School of Business (to 2009) | Vice President, Science & Technology Fund |
Eric C. Moffet, 1974 Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Global Real Estate Fund and International Funds |
Samy B. Muaddi, 1984 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Corporate Income Fund, International Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
Tobias F. Mueller, 1980 Employee T. Rowe Price; formerly Intern, T. Rowe Price (to 2011); Investment Analyst, Noric Mexxanine UK Limited and Consultant, Victoria Capital Advisors LLC (to 2009) | Vice President, Global Technology Fund and Science & Technology Fund |
James M. Murphy, 1967 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | President, Tax-Free High Yield Fund; Vice President, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, and Tax-Free Income Fund |
54
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Linda A. Murphy, 1959 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, and Tax-Free High Yield Fund |
Sudhir Nanda, 1959 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Ph.D., CFA | President, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund; Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund, and Institutional International Funds |
Joshua Nelson, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds |
Philip A. Nestico, 1976 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Global Real Estate Fund, International Funds, Media & Telecommunications Fund, and Real Estate Fund |
Christina Ni, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price; CFA, FRM | Vice President, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Sridhar Nishtala, 1975 Vice President, Price Singapore and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, International Funds |
Jason Nogueira, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds; Vice President, Health Sciences Fund and New America Growth Fund |
Alexander S. Obaza, 1981 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | Vice President, California Tax-Free income Trust, Corporate Income Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Funds, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
David Oestreicher, 1967 Director, Vice President, and Secretary, T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc., T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Chief Legal Officer, Vice President, and Secretary, T. Rowe Price Group; Vice President and Secretary, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price International; Vice President, Price Hong Kong and Price Singapore; Secretary, T. Rowe Price Savings Bank | Vice President, all funds |
Michael D. Oh, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Kenneth A. Orchard, 1975 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; formerly Vice President, Moodys Investors Service (to 2010) | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Curt J. Organt, 1968 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund, International Funds, Media & Telecommunications Fund, New America Growth Fund, Small-Cap Stock Fund, and Small-Cap Value Fund |
Paul T. OSullivan, 1973 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, International Funds |
Hiroaki Owaki, 1962 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Vice President, Global Technology Fund, International Funds, and Science & Technology Fund |
55
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Robert A. Panariello, 1983 Vice President, T. Rowe Price | Vice President, Global Allocation Fund |
Gonzalo Pangaro, 1968 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds |
Miso Park, 1982 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; formerly Credit Analyst, M&G Investments (to 2010); CFA | Vice President, Corporate Income Fund and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Timothy E. Parker, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Capital Opportunity Fund, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund, Dividend Growth Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, New Era Fund, New Horizons Fund, Real Assets Fund, Tax-Efficient Funds, and U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund |
Viral S. Patel, 1969 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; formerly Vice President, Berstein Value Equities (to 2011) | Vice President, Global Real Estate Fund |
Craig J. Pennington, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; formerly, Global Energy Analyst, Insight Investment (to 2010); CFA | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and New Era Fund |
Charles G. Pepin, 1966 Director, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund and Health Sciences Fund |
Donald J. Peters, 1959 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | President, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund and Tax-Efficient Funds |
Jason B. Polun, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund and Financial Services Fund |
Adam Poussard, 1984 Employee, T. Rowe Price; Assistant Vice President Equity Research, Healthcare Distribution & Technology, Barclays Capital (to 2010) | Vice President, Science & Technology Fund |
Austin M. Powell, 1969 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, International Funds |
Larry J. Puglia, 1960 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA, CPA | President, Blue Chip Growth Fund; Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Balanced Fund, Growth Stock Fund, and Personal Strategy Funds |
Robert T. Quinn, Jr., 1972 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Capital Opportunity Fund, Dividend Growth Fund, Equity Income Fund, Growth & Income Fund, Tax-Efficient Funds, U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund, and Value Fund |
Vernon A. Reid, Jr., 1954 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Corporate Income Fund, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, New Income Fund, Short-Term Bond Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
Michael F. Reinartz, 1973 Vice President, T. Rowe Price | Vice President, Inflation Focused Bond Fund and Short-Term Bond Fund |
56
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Frederick A. Rizzo, 1969 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Financial Services Fund, Institutional International Funds, and International Funds |
Theodore E. Robson, 1965 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | Vice President, Corporate Income Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and Real Estate Fund |
Brian M. Ropp, 1969 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA | Vice President, Corporate Income Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and U.S. Bond Enhanced Index Fund |
Christopher J. Rothery, 1963 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds; Vice President, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Jeffrey Rottinghaus, 1970 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA | President, U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund; Vice President, Dividend Growth Fund and Growth & Income Fund |
David L. Rowlett, 1975 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Growth & Income Fund, International Funds, and Mid-Cap Growth Fund |
Brian A. Rubin, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CPA | Vice President, Floating Rate Fund, High Yield Fund, Institutional Income Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Federico Santilli, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds |
Sebastian Schrott, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds |
Deborah D. Seidel, 1962 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Services, Inc. | Vice President, all funds |
Rebecca L. Setcavage, 1982 Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price | Assistant Vice President, Inflation Protected Bond Fund and U.S. Treasury Funds |
Amit Seth, 1979 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly student, Harvard Business School (to 2009) | Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund and Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund |
Michael K. Sewell, 1982 Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price | Assistant Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Tax-Free Income Fund, and Tax-Free Short Intermediate Fund |
Daniel O. Shackelford, 1958 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | President, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Inflation Protected Bond Fund, and New Income Fund; Vice President, Institutional Income Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, Real Assets Fund, Retirement Funds, Short-Term Bond Fund, Spectrum Funds, U.S. Bond Enhanced Index Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
Amitabh Shah, 1980 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, International Funds |
Jeneiv Shah, 1980 Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly Analyst, Mirae Asset Global Investments (to 2010); CFA | Vice President, International Funds |
57
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Chen Shao, 1980 Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price | Assistant Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Funds, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Tax-Free Income Fund, Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
Robert W. Sharps, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA, CPA | Executive Vice President, Institutional Equity Funds; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Growth Stock Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, New America Growth Fund, and U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund |
John C.A. Sherman, 1969 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Health Sciences Fund, Institutional International Funds, and International Funds |
Clark R. Shields, 1976 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, New America Growth Fund, and New Horizons Fund |
Charles M. Shriver, 1967 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | President, Balanced Fund, Global Allocation Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, and Spectrum Funds; Vice President, Real Assets Fund and Retirement Funds |
Farris G. Shuggi, 1984 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund |
Corey D. Shull, 1983 Employee, T. Rowe Price; CFA | Vice President, Media & Telecommunications Fund |
Neil Smith, 1972 Vice President, Price Hong Kong, Price Singapore, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International | Executive Vice President, International Index Fund; Vice President, Index Trust |
Robert W. Smith, 1961 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | Executive Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds; Vice President, Growth Stock Fund, Media & Telecommunications Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, Retirement Funds, and Spectrum Funds |
Matthew J. Snowling, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Managing Director Specialty Finance, Citadel Securities (to 2011); Managing Director of Investment Services and Senior Vice President, Senior Analyst, Education Services Research Group (to 2011); CFA | Vice President, Financial Services Fund |
Michael F. Sola, 1969 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Global Technology Fund, New Horizons Fund, Science & Technology Fund, and Small-Cap Stock Fund |
Gabriel Solomon, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Capital Opportunity Fund, Dividend Growth Fund, Financial Services Fund, and Growth & Income Fund |
Eunbin Song, 1980 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and Price Singapore; CFA | Vice President, International Funds |
Joshua K. Spencer, 1973 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | President, Global Technology Fund; Vice President, Capital Opportunity Fund, Growth & Income Fund, Institutional International Funds, Science & Technology Fund, and Value Fund |
58
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Douglas D. Spratley, 1969 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, Short-Germ Bond Fund, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Funds, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
David A. Stanley, 1963 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and Strategic Income Fund |
Jonty Starbuck, 1975 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; Ph.D. | Vice President, Institutional International Funds and International Funds |
Kimberly A. Stokes, 1969 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Corporate Income Fund and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
William J. Stromberg, 1960 Director and Vice President, T. Rowe Price; Vice President, Price Hong Kong, Price Singapore, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Dividend Growth Fund, and Tax-Efficient Funds |
Walter P. Stuart III, 1960 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Floating Rate Fund, High Yield Fund, Institutional Income Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and Value Fund |
Guido F. Stubenrauch, 1970 Vice President, T. Rowe Price | Vice President, Balanced Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, Retirement Funds, and Spectrum Funds |
Taymour R. Tamaddon, 1976 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | President, Health Sciences Fund; Vice President, Blue Chip Growth Fund, Capital Appreciation Fund, Capital Opportunity Fund, Growth Stock Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, Mid-Cap Growth Fund, New America Growth Fund, New Horizons Fund, and Tax-Efficient Funds |
Ju Yen Tan, 1972 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Institutional Income Funds, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and Strategic Income Fund |
Sin Dee Tan, 1979 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Vice President, International Funds |
Timothy G. Taylor, 1975 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Tax-Free Income Fund, and Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund |
Dean Tenerelli, 1964 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Executive Vice President, International Funds; Vice President, Institutional International Funds |
Thomas E. Tewksbury, 1961 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | Vice President, Floating Rate Fund, High Yield Fund, Institutional Income Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Craig A. Thiese, 1975 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Index Trust, International Index Fund, New America Growth Fund, and New Era Fund |
59
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Robert D. Thomas, 1971 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; formerly Senior Vice President, Moodys Investors Service, London (to 2011) | Vice President, Corporate Income Fund |
Siby Thomas, 1979 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly student, The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business (to 2009) | Vice President, International Funds and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Justin Thomson, 1968 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Executive Vice President, International Funds; Vice President, New Horizons Fund |
David A. Tiberii, 1965 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | President, Corporate Income Fund; Executive Vice President, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios; Vice President, Institutional Income Funds, New Income Fund, Strategic Income Fund, and U.S. Bond Enhanced Index Fund |
Mitchell J.K. Todd, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Financial Services Fund and International Funds |
Susan G. Troll, 1966 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CPA | Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund and Summit Funds |
Ken D. Uematsu, 1969 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | Executive Vice President, Index Trust; Vice President, International Index Fund |
Mark J. Vaselkiv, 1958 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | President, Floating Rate Fund, High Yield Fund, and Institutional Income Funds; Executive Vice President, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios; Vice President, Personal Strategy Funds, Retirement Funds, Spectrum Funds, and Strategic Income Fund |
Eric L. Veiel, 1972 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | President, Financial Services Fund; Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Capital Opportunity Fund, Dividend Growth Fund, Equity Income Fund, Growth & Income Fund, Growth Stock Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, New America Growth Fund, and Value Fund |
Verena E. Wachnitz, 1978 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Vice President, International Funds |
Lauren T. Wagandt, 1984 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Product Specialist, BlueCrest Capital Management (to 2009) | Vice President, Corporate Income Fund and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
J. David Wagner, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Diversified Small-Cap Growth Fund, Institutional Equity Funds, Mid-Cap Value Fund, New Horizons Fund, Small-Cap Stock Fund, and Small-Cap Value Fund |
John F. Wakeman, 1962 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Executive Vice President, Mid-Cap Growth Fund; Vice President, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund and Institutional Equity Funds |
60
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
David J. Wallack, 1960 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | President, Mid-Cap Value Fund; Vice President, International Funds and New Era Fund |
Julie L. Waples, 1970 Vice President, T. Rowe Price | Vice President, all funds |
Hiroshi Watanabe, 1975 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Vice President, International Funds |
Thomas H. Watson, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Global Technology Fund, New Horizons Fund, and Science & Technology Fund |
Mark R. Weigman, 1962 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA, CIC | Vice President, Tax-Efficient Funds |
John D. Wells, 1960 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Savings Bank | Vice President, GNMA Fund, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, Short-Term Bond Fund, and Summit Funds |
Justin P. White, 1981 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Global Technology Fund, Growth Stock Fund, Media & Telecommunications Fund, and Science & Technology Fund |
Christopher S. Whitehouse, 1972 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Media & Telecommunications Fund |
Richard T. Whitney, 1958 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., T. Rowe Price International, and T. Rowe Price Trust Company; CFA | Vice President, Balanced Fund, Global Allocation Fund, Personal Strategy Funds, Real Assets Fund, Retirement Funds, and Spectrum Funds |
Edward A. Wiese, 1959 Director and Vice President, T. Rowe Price Trust Company; Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Chief Investment Officer, Director, and Vice President, T. Rowe Price Savings Bank; CFA | President, Short-Term Bond Fund; Vice President, California Tax-Free Income Trust, Corporate Income Fund, Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Institutional Income Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, New Income Fund, Prime Reserve Fund, TRP Reserve Investment Funds, State Tax-Free Income Trust, Summit Funds, Summit Municipal Funds, Tax-Exempt Money Fund, Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund, and U.S. Treasury Funds |
Tamara P. Wiggs, 1979 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Capital Appreciation Fund, Financial Services Fund, and Value Fund |
Clive M. Williams, 1966 Vice President, Price Hong Kong, Price Singapore, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, International Funds |
John M. Williams, 1982 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; formerly Summer Analyst, The Capital Group Companies, Inc. (to 2009) | Vice President, Mid-Cap Value Fund and New Era Fund |
Thea N. Williams, 1961 Vice President, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., and T. Rowe Price Trust Company | Vice President, Corporate Income Fund, Floating Rate Fund, High Yield Fund, Institutional Income Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
J. Zachary Wood, 1972 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Index Trust and International Index Fund |
61
Name, Year of Birth, and Principal
Occupation(s) | Position(s) Held With Fund(s) |
Jon Davis Wood, 1979 Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly Senior Vice President and Senior Research Analyst, Jeffries & Company, Inc. (to 2013); Senior Equity Analyst, Bank of America Merrill Lynch (to 2009); CFA | Vice President, Health Sciences Fund |
J. Howard Woodward, 1974 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International; CFA | Vice President, Corporate Income Fund, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Multi-Sector Account Portfolios |
Rouven J. Wool-Lewis, 1973 Vice President, T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; Ph.D.; formerly Vice President of Corporate Strategy, UnitedHealth Group (to 2011); Associate Analyst, Oppenheimer & Company (to 2009) | Vice President, Diversified Mid-Cap Growth Fund and Health Sciences Fund |
Zhen Xia, 1987 Assistant Vice President, T. Rowe Price | Vice President, U.S. Bond Enhanced Index Fund; Assistant Vice President, Corporate Income Fund |
John Xie, 1980 Employee, T. Rowe Price; formerly Senior Associate, The Boston Consulting Group (to 2010); CFA | Vice President, International Funds |
Marta Yago, 1977 Vice President, T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and T. Rowe Price International | Vice President, Global Real Estate Fund and International Funds |
Ernest C. Yeung, 1979 Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, Institutional International Funds, International Funds, and Media & Telecommunications Fund |
Alison Mei Ling Yip, 1966 Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, Global Technology Fund, International Funds, and Science & Technology Fund |
Christopher Yip, 1975 Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc.; CFA | Vice President, International Funds |
Wenli Zheng, 1979 Vice President, Price Hong Kong and T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. | Vice President, International Funds and Media & Telecommunications Fund |
Directors Compensation
Each independent director is paid $250,000 annually for his/her service on the funds Boards. (Effective January 1, 2014, each independent director will be paid $270,000 annually for his/her service on the Boards.) The chairman of the Committee of Independent Directors is paid an additional $100,000 annually for his/her service as Lead Independent Director. An independent director who serves on the Joint Audit Committee receives $9,000 annually for his/her service as a member of the committee and the Joint Audit Committee chairman receives $18,000 annually for his/her service as chairman of the committee. (Effective January 1, 2014, Joint Audit Committee members will be paid $10,000 annually and the Joint Audit Committee chairman will be paid $20,000 annually.) All of these fees are allocated to each fund on a pro rata basis based on each funds net assets relative to the other funds.
The following table shows the accrued amounts paid by each fund, and the total compensation that was paid from all of the funds, to the independent directors and Fixed Income Advisory Board members for the 2012 calendar year. Members of the Fixed Income Advisory Board were paid the same compensation from each domestic fixed income Price Fund as those funds independent directors were paid. (The Fixed Income Advisory Board was terminated on October 22, 2013, when the members of the Fixed Advisory Board were elected as independent directors of the domestic fixed income Price Funds.) The independent directors of the funds do not receive any pension or retirement benefits from the funds or T. Rowe Price. The officers of the funds and interested directors do not receive any compensation or benefits from the funds for their service.
62
Directors | Total Compensation |
Brody | $250,000 |
Casey(a) | 262,000 |
Deering (Lead) | 359,000 |
Dick | 250,000 |
Duncan(b) | |
Gerrard | 169,667 |
Horn | 250,000 |
McBride(b) | |
Rodgers(c) | 250,000 |
Rouse | 166,667 |
Schreiber | 259,000 |
Tercek | 262,000 |
(a) Jeremiah E. Casey retired from the Boards on December 31, 2012.
(b) Elected on October 22, 2013.
(c) Theo C. Rodgers is retiring from the Boards on December 31, 2013.
The following table shows the amounts paid by each fund to the directors and Fixed Income Advisory Board members based on accrued compensation for the calendar year 2012:
Fund | Aggregate Compensation From Fund | |||||||||||
Brody | Casey* | Deering | Dick | Duncan** | Gerrard | Horn | McBride** | Rodgers*** | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
Africa & Middle East | $599 | $629 | $860 | $599 | $14 | $386 | $599 | $14 | $599 | $379 | $621 | $628 |
Balanced | 2,476 | 2,594 | 3,556 | 2,476 | 291 | 1,750 | 2,476 | 291 | 2,476 | 1,719 | 2,565 | 2,596 |
Blue Chip Growth | 4,584 | 4,812 | 6,582 | 4,584 | 1,551 | 2,887 | 4,584 | 1,551 | 4,584 | 2,836 | 4,749 | 4,800 |
California Tax-Free Bond | 745 | 781 | 1,070 | 745 | 31 | 494 | 745 | 31 | 745 | 485 | 772 | 780 |
California Tax-Free Money | 560 | 588 | 805 | 560 | 6 | 357 | 560 | 6 | 560 | 351 | 580 | 587 |
Capital Appreciation | 4,584 | 4,812 | 6,582 | 4,584 | 1,381 | 2,887 | 4,584 | 1,381 | 4,584 | 2,836 | 4,749 | 4,800 |
Capital Opportunity | 724 | 759 | 1,040 | 724 | 43 | 483 | 724 | 43 | 724 | 474 | 750 | 759 |
Corporate Income | 890 | 932 | 1,278 | 890 | 43 | 603 | 890 | 43 | 890 | 592 | 922 | 932 |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | 627 | 658 | 901 | 627 | 21 | 407 | 627 | 21 | 627 | 399 | 650 | 657 |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | 657 | 688 | 943 | 657 | 52 | 434 | 657 | 52 | 657 | 426 | 681 | 689 |
Dividend Growth | 2,023 | 2,118 | 2,905 | 2,023 | 287 | 1,439 | 2,023 | 287 | 2,023 | 1,414 | 2,096 | 2,121 |
Emerging Europe | 771 | 809 | 1,108 | 771 | 30 | 504 | 771 | 30 | 771 | 496 | 799 | 808 |
Emerging Markets Bond | 2,628 | 2,749 | 3,774 | 2,628 | 297 | 1,892 | 2,628 | 297 | 2,628 | 1,859 | 2,723 | 2,756 |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond | 284 | 292 | 407 | 284 | 8 | 289 | 284 | 8 | 284 | 284 | 294 | 300 |
Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | 538 | 564 | 772 | 538 | 4 | 342 | 538 | 4 | 538 | 336 | 557 | 563 |
63
Fund | Aggregate Compensation From Fund | |||||||||||
Brody | Casey* | Deering | Dick | Duncan** | Gerrard | Horn | McBride** | Rodgers*** | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Emerging Markets Stock | 4,128 | 4,324 | 5,928 | 4,128 | 565 | 2,887 | 4,128 | 565 | 4,128 | 2,836 | 4,277 | 4,328 |
Equity Income | 4,584 | 4,812 | 6,582 | 4,584 | 2,174 | 2,887 | 4,584 | 2,174 | 4,584 | 2,836 | 4,749 | 4,800 |
Equity Index 500 | 4,584 | 4,812 | 6,582 | 4,584 | 1,432 | 2,887 | 4,584 | 1,432 | 4,584 | 2,836 | 4,749 | 4,800 |
European Stock | 921 | 965 | 1,322 | 921 | 92 | 616 | 921 | 92 | 921 | 605 | 954 | 965 |
Extended Equity Market Index | 750 | 787 | 1,077 | 750 | 49 | 496 | 750 | 49 | 750 | 487 | 777 | 786 |
Financial Services | 699 | 733 | 1,004 | 699 | 40 | 461 | 699 | 40 | 699 | 452 | 724 | 732 |
Floating Rate | 544 | 571 | 781 | 544 | 22 | 354 | 544 | 22 | 544 | 348 | 564 | 570 |
Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Georgia Tax-Free Bond | 642 | 674 | 922 | 642 | 17 | 419 | 642 | 17 | 642 | 411 | 665 | 673 |
Global Allocation(a) | 3 | | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Global Industrials(b) | 1 | | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Global Growth Stock | 548 | 575 | 786 | 548 | 6 | 349 | 548 | 6 | 548 | 343 | 567 | 573 |
Global Infrastructure | 535 | 561 | 768 | 535 | 4 | 339 | 535 | 4 | 535 | 333 | 554 | 560 |
Global Real Estate | 553 | 580 | 794 | 553 | 15 | 357 | 553 | 15 | 553 | 350 | 573 | 580 |
Global Stock | 842 | 883 | 1,209 | 842 | 38 | 550 | 842 | 38 | 842 | 540 | 872 | 881 |
Global Technology | 907 | 951 | 1,303 | 907 | 66 | 621 | 907 | 66 | 907 | 610 | 940 | 951 |
GNMA | 1,595 | 1,672 | 2,291 | 1,595 | 120 | 1,109 | 1,595 | 120 | 1,595 | 1,090 | 1,653 | 1,672 |
TRP Government Reserve Investment | 1,373 | 1,438 | 1,972 | 1,373 | 148 | 970 | 1,373 | 148 | 1,373 | 953 | 1,423 | 1,440 |
Growth & Income | 1,209 | 1,268 | 1,737 | 1,209 | 105 | 827 | 1,209 | 105 | 1,209 | 812 | 1,253 | 1,267 |
Growth Stock | 4,584 | 4,812 | 6,582 | 4,584 | 2,887 | 2,887 | 4,584 | 2,887 | 4,584 | 2,836 | 4,749 | 4,800 |
Health Sciences | 3,069 | 3,205 | 4,407 | 3,069 | 594 | 2,295 | 3,069 | 594 | 3,069 | 2,252 | 3,179 | 3,221 |
High Yield | 4,577 | 4,805 | 6,573 | 4,577 | 709 | 2,887 | 4,577 | 709 | 4,577 | 2,836 | 4,742 | 4,793 |
High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Inflation Focused Bond | 2,577 | 2,696 | 3,700 | 2,577 | 384 | 1,862 | 2,577 | 384 | 2,577 | 1,829 | 2,669 | 2,702 |
Inflation Protected Bond | 841 | 882 | 1,208 | 841 | 29 | 566 | 841 | 29 | 841 | 556 | 871 | 881 |
Institutional Africa & Middle East | 592 | 621 | 850 | 592 | 15 | 382 | 592 | 15 | 592 | 376 | 613 | 620 |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity | 514 | 539 | 738 | 514 | 1 | 324 | 514 | 1 | 514 | 318 | 532 | 538 |
Institutional Core Plus | 625 | 656 | 898 | 625 | 25 | 407 | 625 | 25 | 625 | 400 | 648 | 655 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond | 653 | 685 | 938 | 653 | 20 | 427 | 653 | 20 | 653 | 419 | 677 | 684 |
64
Fund | Aggregate Compensation From Fund | |||||||||||
Brody | Casey* | Deering | Dick | Duncan** | Gerrard | Horn | McBride** | Rodgers*** | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity | 1,046 | 1,095 | 1,501 | 1,046 | 84 | 711 | 1,046 | 84 | 1,046 | 699 | 1,083 | 1,096 |
Institutional Floating Rate | 1,698 | 1,777 | 2,438 | 1,698 | 237 | 1,196 | 1,698 | 237 | 1,698 | 1,175 | 1,759 | 1,781 |
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity | 606 | 636 | 870 | 606 | 14 | 389 | 606 | 14 | 606 | 382 | 628 | 635 |
Institutional Global Growth Equity | 549 | 576 | 789 | 549 | 10 | 351 | 549 | 10 | 549 | 345 | 569 | 575 |
Institutional Global Multi-Sector Bond(b) | 1 | | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Institutional Global Value Equity | 199 | 202 | 286 | 199 | 1 | 205 | 199 | 1 | 199 | 199 | 206 | 212 |
Institutional High Yield | 2,035 | 2,131 | 2,923 | 2,035 | 215 | 1,466 | 2,035 | 215 | 2,035 | 1,441 | 2,109 | 2,134 |
Institutional International Bond | 602 | 632 | 865 | 602 | 15 | 387 | 602 | 15 | 602 | 381 | 624 | 631 |
Institutional International Core Equity | 540 | 566 | 775 | 540 | 6 | 348 | 540 | 6 | 540 | 342 | 559 | 565 |
Institutional International Growth Equity | 555 | 583 | 797 | 555 | 8 | 355 | 555 | 8 | 555 | 348 | 575 | 582 |
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth | 740 | 775 | 1,062 | 740 | 71 | 499 | 740 | 71 | 740 | 490 | 767 | 776 |
Institutional Large-Cap Growth | 3,392 | 3,541 | 4,871 | 3,392 | 648 | 2,611 | 3,392 | 648 | 3,392 | 2,563 | 3,514 | 3,562 |
Institutional Large-Cap Value | 1,027 | 1,075 | 1,475 | 1,027 | 110 | 707 | 1,027 | 110 | 1,027 | 695 | 1,064 | 1,077 |
Institutional Long Duration Credit(c) | 2 | | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth | 2,144 | 2,243 | 3,079 | 2,144 | 297 | 1,596 | 2,144 | 297 | 2,144 | 1,569 | 2,221 | 2,249 |
Institutional Small-Cap Stock | 1,009 | 1,056 | 1,449 | 1,009 | 115 | 697 | 1,009 | 115 | 1,009 | 684 | 1,045 | 1,058 |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research | 842 | 884 | 1,210 | 842 | 52 | 561 | 842 | 52 | 842 | 551 | 873 | 883 |
International Bond | 3,656 | 3,831 | 5,250 | 3,656 | 374 | 2,562 | 3,656 | 374 | 3,656 | 2,518 | 3,788 | 3,831 |
International Discovery | 2,054 | 2,150 | 2,949 | 2,054 | 254 | 1,456 | 2,054 | 254 | 2,054 | 1,431 | 2,128 | 2,153 |
International Equity Index | 728 | 763 | 1,045 | 728 | 38 | 478 | 728 | 38 | 728 | 469 | 754 | 763 |
International Growth & Income | 3,582 | 3,744 | 5,143 | 3,582 | 615 | 2,612 | 3,582 | 615 | 3,582 | 2,564 | 3,710 | 3,758 |
International Stock | 4,404 | 4,619 | 6,324 | 4,404 | 894 | 2,887 | 4,404 | 894 | 4,404 | 2,836 | 4,562 | 4,613 |
Investment-Grade Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Japan | 611 | 641 | 878 | 611 | 23 | 392 | 611 | 23 | 611 | 385 | 633 | 640 |
Latin America | 1,688 | 1,771 | 2,424 | 1,688 | 100 | 1,119 | 1,688 | 100 | 1,688 | 1,100 | 1,748 | 1,768 |
65
Fund | Aggregate Compensation From Fund | |||||||||||
Brody | Casey* | Deering | Dick | Duncan** | Gerrard | Horn | McBride** | Rodgers*** | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | 648 | 680 | 930 | 648 | 17 | 419 | 648 | 17 | 648 | 412 | 671 | 679 |
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | 1,740 | 1,822 | 2,498 | 1,740 | 145 | 1,220 | 1,740 | 145 | 1,740 | 1,199 | 1,802 | 1,824 |
Maryland Tax-Free Money | 588 | 617 | 844 | 588 | 10 | 375 | 588 | 10 | 588 | 369 | 609 | 615 |
Media & Telecommunications | 1,840 | 1,926 | 2,642 | 1,840 | 230 | 1,309 | 1,840 | 230 | 1,840 | 1,286 | 1,906 | 1,929 |
Mid-Cap Growth | 4,584 | 4,812 | 6,582 | 4,584 | 1,697 | 2,887 | 4,584 | 1,697 | 4,584 | 2,836 | 4,749 | 4,800 |
Mid-Cap Value | 4,578 | 4,806 | 6,575 | 4,578 | 844 | 2,887 | 4,578 | 844 | 4,578 | 2,836 | 4,743 | 4,794 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
New America Growth | 2,512 | 2,628 | 3,608 | 2,512 | 320 | 1,834 | 2,512 | 320 | 2,512 | 1,801 | 2,603 | 2,635 |
New Asia | 3,043 | 3,184 | 4,370 | 3,043 | 362 | 2,183 | 3,043 | 362 | 3,043 | 2,144 | 3,152 | 3,191 |
New Era | 3,253 | 3,409 | 4,671 | 3,253 | 341 | 2,224 | 3,253 | 341 | 3,253 | 2,186 | 3,370 | 3,409 |
New Horizons | 4,569 | 4,796 | 6,651 | 4,569 | 1,106 | 2,887 | 4,569 | 1,106 | 4,569 | 2,836 | 4,733 | 4,784 |
New Income | 4,584 | 4,812 | 6,582 | 4,584 | 1,619 | 2,887 | 4,584 | 1,619 | 4,584 | 2,836 | 4,749 | 4,800 |
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond | 679 | 713 | 976 | 679 | 22 | 446 | 679 | 22 | 679 | 438 | 704 | 712 |
New York Tax-Free Bond | 760 | 797 | 1,092 | 760 | 30 | 505 | 760 | 30 | 760 | 497 | 787 | 796 |
New York Tax-Free Money | 561 | 589 | 805 | 561 | 6 | 357 | 561 | 6 | 561 | 350 | 581 | 587 |
Overseas Stock | 3,203 | 3,348 | 4,600 | 3,203 | 514 | 2,340 | 3,203 | 514 | 3,203 | 2,297 | 3,319 | 3,362 |
Personal Strategy Balanced | 1,504 | 1,576 | 2,160 | 1,504 | 150 | 1,033 | 1,504 | 150 | 1,504 | 1,015 | 1,558 | 1,576 |
Personal Strategy Growth | 1,197 | 1,254 | 1,719 | 1,197 | 107 | 816 | 1,197 | 107 | 1,197 | 801 | 1,240 | 1,254 |
Personal Strategy Income | 1,136 | 1,191 | 1,632 | 1,136 | 95 | 778 | 1,136 | 95 | 1,136 | 764 | 1,177 | 1,191 |
Prime Reserve | 3,985 | 4,175 | 5,722 | 3,985 | 525 | 2,807 | 3,985 | 525 | 3,985 | 2,759 | 4,128 | 4,177 |
Real Assets | 1,758 | 1,833 | 2,525 | 1,758 | 268 | 1,459 | 1,758 | 268 | 1,758 | 1,433 | 1,822 | 1,848 |
Real Estate | 2,620 | 2,741 | 3,762 | 2,620 | 287 | 1,913 | 2,620 | 287 | 2,620 | 1,879 | 2,714 | 2,748 |
TRP Reserve Investment | 4,584 | 4,812 | 6,582 | 4,584 | 1,221 | 2,887 | 4,584 | 1,221 | 4,584 | 2,836 | 4,749 | 4,800 |
Retirement 2005 | 1,289 | 1,351 | 1,851 | 1,289 | 111 | 887 | 1,289 | 111 | 1,289 | 872 | 1,335 | 1,351 |
Retirement 2010 | 3,980 | 4,169 | 5,715 | 3,980 | 461 | 2,823 | 3,980 | 461 | 3,980 | 2,774 | 4,123 | 4,172 |
Retirement 2015 | 4,218 | 4,419 | 6,057 | 4,218 | 656 | 2,887 | 4,218 | 656 | 4,218 | 2,836 | 4,370 | 4,421 |
Retirement 2020 | 4,584 | 4,812 | 6,582 | 4,584 | 1,478 | 2,887 | 4,584 | 1,478 | 4,584 | 2,836 | 4,749 | 4,800 |
Retirement 2025 | 4,413 | 4,628 | 6,337 | 4,413 | 918 | 2,887 | 4,413 | 918 | 4,413 | 2,836 | 4,572 | 4,623 |
Retirement 2030 | 4,584 | 4,812 | 6,582 | 4,584 | 1,346 | 2,887 | 4,584 | 1,346 | 4,584 | 2,836 | 4,749 | 4,800 |
Retirement 2035 | 3,913 | 4,093 | 5,619 | 3,913 | 654 | 2,846 | 3,913 | 654 | 3,913 | 2,795 | 4,054 | 4,105 |
Retirement 2040 | 4,416 | 4,632 | 6,341 | 4,416 | 907 | 2,887 | 4,416 | 907 | 4,416 | 2,836 | 4,575 | 4,626 |
Retirement 2045 | 2,349 | 2,457 | 3,373 | 2,349 | 359 | 1,699 | 2,349 | 359 | 2,349 | 1,668 | 2,434 | 2,464 |
Retirement 2050 | 1,621 | 1,695 | 2,327 | 1,621 | 238 | 1,161 | 1,621 | 238 | 1,621 | 1,140 | 1,679 | 1,700 |
66
Fund | Aggregate Compensation From Fund | |||||||||||
Brody | Casey* | Deering | Dick | Duncan** | Gerrard | Horn | McBride** | Rodgers*** | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
Retirement 2055 | 767 | 804 | 1,101 | 767 | 61 | 517 | 767 | 61 | 767 | 508 | 795 | 804 |
Retirement Income | 2,156 | 2,258 | 3,097 | 2,156 | 247 | 1,529 | 2,156 | 247 | 2,156 | 1,502 | 2,234 | 2,261 |
Science & Technology | 2,217 | 2,326 | 3,183 | 2,217 | 236 | 1,512 | 2,217 | 236 | 2,217 | 1,487 | 2,297 | 2,322 |
Short-Term Bond | 4,054 | 4,244 | 5,822 | 4,054 | 492 | 2,887 | 4,054 | 492 | 4,054 | 2,836 | 4,200 | 4,251 |
Short-Term Government Reserve(d) | 171 | | 246 | 171 | 0 | 171 | 171 | 0 | 171 | 171 | 177 | 177 |
Short-Term Reserve(d) | 2,222 | | 3,191 | 2,222 | 76 | 2,222 | 2,222 | 76 | 2,222 | 2,222 | 2,302 | 2,302 |
Small-Cap Stock | 4,288 | 4,494 | 6,157 | 4,288 | 743 | 2,887 | 4,288 | 743 | 4,288 | 2,836 | 4,442 | 4,493 |
Small-Cap Value | 4,343 | 4,554 | 6,237 | 4,343 | 736 | 2,887 | 4,343 | 736 | 4,343 | 2,836 | 4,500 | 4,551 |
Spectrum Growth | 2,459 | 2,577 | 3,532 | 2,459 | 290 | 1,721 | 2,459 | 290 | 2,459 | 1,692 | 2,548 | 2,578 |
Spectrum Income | 4,135 | 4,330 | 5,937 | 4,135 | 499 | 2,887 | 4,135 | 499 | 4,135 | 2,836 | 4,283 | 4,334 |
Spectrum International | 922 | 966 | 1,324 | 922 | 82 | 625 | 922 | 82 | 922 | 614 | 955 | 967 |
Strategic Income | 666 | 699 | 957 | 666 | 20 | 437 | 666 | 20 | 666 | 429 | 690 | 698 |
Summit Cash Reserves | 3,995 | 4,186 | 5,737 | 3,995 | 474 | 2,785 | 3,995 | 474 | 3,995 | 2,736 | 4,139 | 4,187 |
Summit GNMA | 643 | 675 | 924 | 643 | 12 | 420 | 643 | 12 | 643 | 412 | 666 | 674 |
Summit Municipal Income | 935 | 979 | 1,342 | 935 | 57 | 641 | 935 | 57 | 935 | 630 | 968 | 980 |
Summit Municipal Intermediate | 1,790 | 1,874 | 2,570 | 1,790 | 227 | 1,264 | 1,790 | 227 | 1,790 | 1,242 | 1,854 | 1,877 |
Summit Municipal Money Market | 631 | 663 | 907 | 631 | 16 | 407 | 631 | 16 | 631 | 400 | 654 | 661 |
Target Retirement 2005(e) | 16 | | 23 | 16 | 0 | 17 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
Target Retirement 2010(e) | 16 | | 23 | 16 | 0 | 17 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
Target Retirement 2015(e) | 16 | | 23 | 16 | 0 | 17 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
Target Retirement 2020(e) | 16 | | 23 | 16 | 0 | 17 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
Target Retirement 2025(e) | 16 | | 23 | 16 | 0 | 17 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
Target Retirement 2030(e) | 16 | | 23 | 16 | 0 | 17 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
Target Retirement 2035(e) | 16 | | 23 | 16 | 0 | 17 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
Target Retirement 2040(e) | 16 | | 23 | 16 | 0 | 17 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
Target Retirement 2045(e) | 16 | | 23 | 16 | 0 | 17 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
Target Retirement 2050(e) | 16 | | 23 | 16 | 0 | 17 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
Target Retirement 2055(e) | 16 | | 23 | 16 | 0 | 17 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 |
Tax-Efficient Equity | 566 | 594 | 813 | 566 | 10 | 362 | 566 | 10 | 566 | 356 | 586 | 593 |
Tax-Exempt Money | 1,049 | 1,100 | 1,506 | 1,049 | 75 | 700 | 1,049 | 75 | 1,049 | 688 | 1,086 | 1,098 |
Tax-Free High Yield | 1,848 | 1,934 | 2,654 | 1,848 | 174 | 1,332 | 1,848 | 174 | 1,848 | 1,309 | 1,915 | 1,939 |
Tax-Free Income | 2,325 | 2,435 | 3,338 | 2,325 | 190 | 1,635 | 2,325 | 190 | 2,325 | 1,606 | 2,408 | 2,437 |
67
Fund | Aggregate Compensation From Fund | |||||||||||
Brody | Casey* | Deering | Dick | Duncan** | Gerrard | Horn | McBride** | Rodgers*** | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate | 1,607 | 1,683 | 2,308 | 1,607 | 148 | 1,135 | 1,607 | 148 | 1,607 | 1,115 | 1,665 | 1,685 |
Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total Equity Market Index | 885 | 928 | 1,271 | 885 | 67 | 596 | 885 | 67 | 885 | 585 | 917 | 927 |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | 1,122 | 1,179 | 1,612 | 1,122 | 42 | 739 | 1,122 | 42 | 1,122 | 727 | 1,163 | 1,175 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | 535 | 562 | 769 | 535 | 5 | 340 | 535 | 5 | 535 | 334 | 555 | 561 |
U.S. Treasury Intermediate | 849 | 890 | 1,219 | 849 | 29 | 577 | 849 | 29 | 849 | 567 | 880 | 890 |
U.S. Treasury Long-Term | 815 | 853 | 1,170 | 815 | 26 | 554 | 815 | 26 | 815 | 544 | 844 | 854 |
U.S. Treasury Money | 1,659 | 1,739 | 2,383 | 1,659 | 161 | 1,143 | 1,659 | 161 | 1,659 | 1,123 | 1,719 | 1,739 |
Ultra Short-Term Bond | 45 | 45 | 64 | 45 | 23 | 46 | 45 | 23 | 45 | 45 | 46 | 48 |
Value | 4,584 | 4,812 | 6,582 | 4,584 | 1,268 | 2,887 | 4,584 | 1,268 | 4,584 | 2,836 | 4,749 | 4,800 |
Virginia Tax-Free Bond | 1,093 | 1,146 | 1,570 | 1,093 | 68 | 749 | 1,093 | 68 | 1,093 | 735 | 1,132 | 1,146 |
* Retired on December 31, 2012.
** Estimated for the period November 1, 2013, through December 31, 2013.
*** Retiring on December 31, 2013.
(a) Estimated for the period May 29, 2013, through December 31, 2013.
(b) Estimated for the period October 24, 2013, through December 31, 2013.
(c) Estimated for the period June 4, 2013, through December 31, 2013.
(d) Estimated for the period January 15, 2013, through December 31, 2013.
(e) Estimated for the period August 21, 2013, through December 31, 2013.
Directors Holdings in the Price Funds
The following tables set forth the Price Fund holdings of the current independent and inside directors, as of December 31, 2012, unless otherwise indicated.
Aggregate | Independent Directors | ||||||||||
Brody | Deering | Dick | Duncan* | Gerrard | Horn | McBride* | Rodgers | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | None | |
Africa & Middle East | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
Balanced | None | None | $50,001-$100,000 | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
Blue Chip Growth | None | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None |
Blue Chip Growth FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Blue Chip Growth FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
California Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
California Tax-Free Money | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Capital Appreciation | None | None | over $100,000 | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
Capital Appreciation FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
68
Aggregate | Independent Directors | ||||||||||
Brody | Deering | Dick | Duncan* | Gerrard | Horn | McBride* | Rodgers | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | None | |
Capital Opportunity | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Capital Opportunity FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Capital Opportunity FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Corporate Income | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Dividend Growth | None | None | $50,001-$100,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Dividend Growth FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Emerging Europe | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Corporate BondAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Stock | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
Equity Income | $50,001-$100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Equity Income FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Equity Income FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Equity Index 500 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
European Stock | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Extended Equity Market Index | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None | None |
Financial Services | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Floating Rate | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Floating Rate FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Georgia Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
69
Aggregate | Independent Directors | ||||||||||
Brody | Deering | Dick | Duncan* | Gerrard | Horn | McBride* | Rodgers | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | None | |
Global Growth Stock | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Global Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Global Infrastructure | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
Global Infrastructure FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Global Real Estate | None | None | None | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Global Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Global Stock | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Global Stock FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Global Technology | None | over $100,000 | None | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
GNMA | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None |
TRP Government Reserve Investment | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Growth & Income | None | None | $1-$10,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None |
Growth Stock | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Growth Stock FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Health Sciences | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
High Yield | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | None |
High Yield FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Inflation Focused Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Inflation Protected Bond | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Africa & Middle East | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Core Plus | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Core Plus Fund-F Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
70
Aggregate | Independent Directors | ||||||||||
Brody | Deering | Dick | Duncan* | Gerrard | Horn | McBride* | Rodgers | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | None | |
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Floating Rate | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Floating Rate Fund-F Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Global Growth Equity | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Global Value Equity | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional High Yield | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional International Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional International Core Equity | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional International Growth Equity | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Large-Cap Growth | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Large-Cap Value | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional Small-Cap Stock | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
International Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
International Bond FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
International Discovery | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
International Equity Index | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
International Growth & Income | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
International Growth & Income FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
International Growth & Income FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
International Stock | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
International Stock FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
International Stock FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
71
Aggregate | Independent Directors | ||||||||||
Brody | Deering | Dick | Duncan* | Gerrard | Horn | McBride* | Rodgers | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | None | |
Investment Grade Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Japan | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None |
Latin America | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | None |
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Maryland Tax-Free Money | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Media & Telecommunications | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Mid-Cap Growth | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
Mid-Cap Growth FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Mid-Cap Growth FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Mid-Cap Value | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Mid-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Mid-Cap Value FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
New America Growth | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | $1-$10,000 | None | None | None |
New America Growth FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
New Asia | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
New Era | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
New Horizons | $50,001-$100,000 | None | None | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None |
New Income | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None |
New Income FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
New Income FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
New York Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
New York Tax-Free Money | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Overseas Stock | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Personal Strategy Balanced | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Personal Strategy Growth | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
72
Aggregate | Independent Directors | ||||||||||
Brody | Deering | Dick | Duncan* | Gerrard | Horn | McBride* | Rodgers | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | None | |
Personal Strategy Income | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Prime Reserve | None | None | None | None | $50,001-$100,000 | None | None | over $100,000 | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None |
Real Assets | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Real Estate | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
TRP Reserve Investment | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2005 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2005 FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2010 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2010 FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2015 | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2015 FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2020 | over $100,000 | None | None | None | $50,001-$100,000 | over $100,000 | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2020 FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2025 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2025 FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2030 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2030 FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2035 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2035 FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2040 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2040 FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2045 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2045 FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
73
Aggregate | Independent Directors | ||||||||||
Brody | Deering | Dick | Duncan* | Gerrard | Horn | McBride* | Rodgers | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | None | |
Retirement 2050 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2050 FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2055 | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement 2055 FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement Income | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement Income FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Retirement Income FundR Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Science & Technology | None | None | $1-$10,000 | None | None | None | None | $50,001-$100,000 | None | None | None |
Science & Technology FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Short-Term Bond | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None |
Short-Term Bond FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Short-Term Government Reserve | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Short-Term Reserve | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Small-Cap Stock | None | None | None | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | None |
Small-Cap Stock FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Small-Cap Value | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None | None |
Small-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Spectrum Growth | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None | None |
Spectrum Income | None | None | None | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Spectrum International | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Strategic Income | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Strategic Income FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Summit Cash Reserves | None | None | over $100,000 | None | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None | None | $1-$10,000 | None |
Summit GNMA | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Summit Municipal Income | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None |
Summit Municipal IncomeAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Summit Municipal Intermediate | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None |
Summit Municipal Intermediate Advisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
74
Aggregate | Independent Directors | ||||||||||
Brody | Deering | Dick | Duncan* | Gerrard | Horn | McBride* | Rodgers | Rouse | Schreiber | Tercek | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 | None | |
Summit Municipal Money Market | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | $50,001-$100,000 | None |
Tax-Efficient Equity | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Tax-Exempt Money | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Tax-Free High Yield | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None |
Tax-Free High YieldAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Tax-Free Income | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Tax-Free Income FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Advisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Total Equity Market Index | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
U.S. Large-Cap Core FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
U.S. Treasury Intermediate | None | None | $1-$10,000 | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None |
U.S. Treasury Long-Term | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | over $100,000 | None |
U.S. Treasury Money | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | $1-$10,000 | None |
Ultra Short-Term Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Value | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None | over $100,000 | None |
Value FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
Virginia Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None |
*Elected on October 22, 2013.
Aggregate Holdings, | Inside Directors | ||
Bernard | Gitlin | Rogers | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | |
Africa & Middle East | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None |
Balanced | None | None | None |
Blue Chip Growth | None | None | None |
Blue Chip Growth FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Blue Chip Growth FundR Class | None | None | None |
California Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None |
California Tax-Free Money | None | None | None |
Capital Appreciation | None | None | None |
Capital Appreciation FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
75
Aggregate Holdings, | Inside Directors | ||
Bernard | Gitlin | Rogers | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | |
Capital Opportunity | None | None | None |
Capital Opportunity FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Capital Opportunity FundR Class | None | None | None |
Corporate Income | None | None | None |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | None | None | None |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | None | None | None |
Dividend Growth | None | $50,001-$100,000 | None |
Dividend Growth FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Emerging Europe | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Bond | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Corporate BondAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | None | Over $100,000 | None |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | None | None | None |
Emerging Markets Stock | over $100,000 | None | None |
Equity Income | $50,001-$100,000 | None | over $100,000 |
Equity Income FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Equity Income FundR Class | None | None | None |
Equity Index 500 | None | None | None |
European Stock | None | None | None |
Extended Equity Market Index | None | None | None |
Financial Services | None | $10,001-$50,000 | None |
Floating Rate | None | over $100,000 | None |
Floating Rate FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | None | None | None |
Georgia Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None |
Global Growth Stock | None | None | None |
Global Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Global Infrastructure | None | None | None |
Global Infrastructure Fund-Advisor Class | None | None | None |
Global Real Estate | None | None | None |
Global Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Global Stock | over $100,000 | None | over $100,000 |
Global Stock FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Global Technology | None | None | None |
GNMA | None | None | None |
TRP Government Reserve Investment | None | None | None |
Growth & Income | None | None | None |
76
Aggregate Holdings, | Inside Directors | ||
Bernard | Gitlin | Rogers | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | |
Growth Stock | over $100,000 | None | None |
Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Growth Stock FundR Class | None | None | None |
Health Sciences | None | None | None |
High Yield | $10,001-$50,000 | over $100,000 | None |
High Yield FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | None | None | None |
Inflation Focused Bond | None | None | None |
Inflation Protected Bond | None | None | None |
Institutional Africa & Middle East | None | None | None |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity | None | None | None |
Institutional Core Plus | None | None | None |
Institutional Core Plus Fund-F Class | None | None | None |
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond | None | None | None |
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity | None | None | None |
Institutional Floating Rate | None | None | None |
Institutional Floating Rate Fund-F Class | None | None | None |
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity | None | None | None |
Institutional Global Growth Equity | None | None | None |
Institutional Global Value Equity | None | None | None |
Institutional High Yield | None | None | None |
Institutional International Bond | None | None | None |
Institutional International Core Equity | None | None | None |
Institutional International Growth Equity | None | None | None |
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth | None | None | None |
Institutional Large-Cap Growth | None | None | None |
Institutional Large-Cap Value | None | None | None |
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth | None | None | None |
Institutional Small-Cap Stock | None | None | None |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research | None | None | None |
International Bond | None | None | None |
International Bond FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
International Discovery | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None |
International Equity Index | None | None | None |
International Growth & Income | None | None | None |
International Growth & Income FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
International Growth & Income FundR Class | None | None | None |
International Stock | $50,0001-$100,000 | over $100,000 | None |
International Stock FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
77
Aggregate Holdings, | Inside Directors | ||
Bernard | Gitlin | Rogers | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | |
International Stock FundR Class | None | None | None |
Investment Grade Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | None | None | None |
Japan | None | None | over $100,000 |
Latin America | None | None | None |
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None |
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None |
Maryland Tax-Free Money | None | None | None |
Media & Telecommunications | None | None | over $100,000 |
Mid-Cap Growth | over $100,000 | None | None |
Mid-Cap Growth FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Mid-Cap Growth FundR Class | None | None | None |
Mid-Cap Value | None | None | None |
Mid-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Mid-Cap Value FundR Class | None | None | None |
Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | None | None | None |
New America Growth | None | None | over $100,000 |
New America Growth FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
New Asia | over $100,000 | None | None |
New Era | None | None | None |
New Horizons | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None |
New Income | None | None | $50,001-$100,000 |
New Income FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
New Income FundR Class | None | None | None |
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None |
New York Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None |
New York Tax-Free Money | None | None | None |
Overseas Stock | None | None | None |
Personal Strategy Balanced | None | None | None |
Personal Strategy Growth | None | None | None |
Personal Strategy Income | None | None | None |
Prime Reserve | over $100,000 | None | $50,001-$100,000 |
Real Assets | None | None | None |
Real Estate | None | None | None |
Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
TRP Reserve Investment | None | None | None |
Retirement 2005 | None | None | None |
Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2005 FundR Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2010 | None | None | None |
Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2010 FundR Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2015 | None | over $100,000 | None |
Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2015 FundR Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2020 | None | None | None |
78
Aggregate Holdings, | Inside Directors | ||
Bernard | Gitlin | Rogers | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | |
Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2020 FundR Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2025 | None | None | None |
Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2025 FundR Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2030 | None | over $100,000 | None |
Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2030 FundR Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2035 | None | $50,001-$100,000 | None |
Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2035 FundR Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2040 | None | None | None |
Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2040 FundR Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2045 | None | None | None |
Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2045 FundR Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2050 | None | None | None |
Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2050 FundR Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2055 | over $100,000 | None | None |
Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Retirement 2055 FundR Class | None | None | None |
Retirement Income | None | None | None |
Retirement Income FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Retirement Income FundR Class | None | None | None |
Science & Technology | over $100,000 | None | $50,001-$100,000 |
Science & Technology FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Short-Term Bond | None | over $100,000 | None |
Short-Term Bond FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Short-Term Government Reserve | None | None | None |
Short-Term Reserve | None | None | None |
Small-Cap Stock | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None |
Small-Cap Stock FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Small-Cap Value | over $100,000 | None | None |
Small-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Spectrum Growth | over $100,000 | None | None |
Spectrum Income | $10,001-$50,000 | None | over $100,000 |
Spectrum International | $10,001-$50,000 | None | None |
Strategic Income | None | None | None |
Strategic Income FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
79
Aggregate Holdings, | Inside Directors | ||
Bernard | Gitlin | Rogers | |
over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | |
Summit Cash Reserves | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | over $100,000 |
Summit GNMA | None | None | None |
Summit Municipal Income | None | None | None |
Summit Municipal IncomeAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Summit Municipal Intermediate | None | None | None |
Summit Municipal Intermediate Advisor Class | None | None | None |
Summit Municipal Money Market | over $100,000 | over $100,000 | None |
Tax-Efficient Equity | None | None | None |
Tax-Exempt Money | None | None | None |
Tax-Free High Yield | None | None | None |
Tax-Free High YieldAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Tax-Free Income | None | None | None |
Tax-Free Income FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate | None | None | None |
Tax-Free Short-IntermediateAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond | None | None | None |
Total Equity Market Index | None | None | None |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | None | None | None |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | None | None | None |
U.S. Large-Cap CoreAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
U.S. Treasury Intermediate | None | None | None |
U.S. Treasury Long-Term | None | None | None |
U.S. Treasury Money | None | over $100,000 | None |
Ultra Short-Term Bond | None | None | None |
Value | None | over $100,000 | over $100,000 |
Value FundAdvisor Class | None | None | None |
Virginia Tax-Free Bond | None | None | None |
80
Portfolio Managers Holdings in the Price Funds
The following tables set forth the Price Fund holdings of each funds portfolio manager, who serves as chairman of the funds Investment Advisory Committee and has day-to-day responsibility for managing the fund and executing the funds investment program. One column shows the dollar range of shares beneficially owned in the fund for which he or she serves as portfolio manager, as of the end of that funds fiscal year-end, and the other column shows the dollar range of shares beneficially owned in all funds within the T. Rowe Price family of funds, as of December 31 of the prior year. Shares of the Price Funds are frequently held by T. Rowe Price employees, including portfolio managers, through participation in the T. Rowe Price 401(k) plan. However, in March 2012, the T. Rowe Price 401(k) plan replaced certain Price Funds with similarly managed T. Rowe Price common trust funds, which operate much like mutual funds but are exempt from registration under the federal securities laws. As a result, the range of fund holdings shown in the tables may have decreased for those portfolio managers who manage a Price Fund that is no longer offered as part of the T. Rowe Price 401(k) plan even though the portfolio manager may now invest in the T. Rowe Price common trust fund within the same investment strategy.
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Range of Fund Holdings | All Funds |
Africa & Middle East | Oliver D.M. Bell | None | None |
Balanced | Charles M. Shriver | $100,001$500,000 | $500,001$1,000,000 |
Blue Chip Growth (b) | Larry J. Puglia | $500,001$1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Capital Appreciation (b) | David R. Giroux | $10,001$50,000 | $500,001$1,000,000 |
Capital Opportunity | Anna M. Dopkin | over $1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Corporate Income | David A. Tiberii | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | Donald J. Easley Donald J. Peters | $500,001$1,000,000 over $1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 over $1,000,000 |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | Sudhir Nanda | $100,001$500,000 | $100,001$500,000 |
Dividend Growth | Thomas J. Huber | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Emerging Europe | Leigh Innes (c) | None | $50,001$100,000 |
Emerging Markets Bond | Michael J. Conelius | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond | Michael J. Conelius | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | Andrew Keirle | None | None |
Emerging Markets Stock | Gonzalo Pangaro | over $1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Equity Income (b) | Brian C. Rogers | over $1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Equity Index 500 (b) | E. Frederick Bair | $10,001$50,000 | $100,001$500,000 |
European Stock | Dean Tenerelli | None | None |
Extended Equity Market Index | E. Frederick Bair Ken D. Uematsu | $10,001$50,000 $1$10,000 | $100,001$500,000 $100,001$500,000 |
Financial Services | Eric L. Veiel | $100,001$500,000 | $100,001$500,000 |
Floating Rate | Paul M. Massaro | $50,001$100,000 | $500,001$1,000,000 |
Global Allocation | Charles M. Shriver | (d) | $500,001$1,000,000 |
Global Industrials | Peter J. Bates | (e) | (e) |
Global Growth Stock | R. Scott Berg | $500,001$1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Global Infrastructure | Susanta Mazumdar | None | None |
Global Real Estate | David M. Lee | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Global Stock | David J. Eiswert | $500,001$1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Global Technology | Joshua K. Spencer | over $1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
GNMA | Andrew C. McCormick | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Growth & Income | Thomas J. Huber | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Growth Stock (b) | P. Robert Bartolo | over $1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Health Sciences | Taymour R. Tamaddon | None | $50,001$100,000 |
High Yield (b) | Mark J. Vaselkiv | None | $500,001$1,000,000 |
Inflation Protected Bond | Daniel O. Shackelford | $50,001$100,000 | over $1,000,000 |
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Fund | Portfolio Manager | Range of Fund Holdings | All Funds |
International Bond | Ian D. Kelson Christopher J. Rothery | $500,001$1,000,000 $10,001$50,000 | over $1,000,000 $50,001$100,000 |
International Discovery | Justin Thomson | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
International Equity Index | E. Frederick Bair Neil Smith | $10,001$50,000 None | $100,001$500,000 None |
International Growth & Income | Jonathan H.W. Matthews | None | None |
International Stock | Robert W. Smith | over $1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Japan | M. Campbell Gunn | None | None |
Latin America | Jose Costa Buck | $50,001$100,000 | $100,001$500,000 |
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | Charles B. Hill | $10,001$50,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | Hugh D. McGuirk | $500,001$1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Maryland Tax-Free Money | Joseph K. Lynagh | $1$10,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Media & Telecommunications | Paul D. Greene II | (f) | (f) |
Mid-Cap Growth (b) | Brian W.H. Berghuis | over $1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Mid-Cap Value (b) | David J. Wallack | None | over $1,000,000 |
New America Growth | Daniel Martino | (g) | over $1,000,000 |
New Asia | Anh Lu | None | None |
New Era | Timothy E. Parker | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
New Horizons (b) | Henry M. Ellenbogen | $10,001$50,000 | over $1,000,000 |
New Income | Daniel O. Shackelford | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Overseas Stock | Raymond A. Mills | $500,001$1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Personal Strategy Balanced | Charles M. Shriver | $1-$10,000 | $500,001$1,000,000 |
Personal Strategy Growth | Charles M. Shriver | $100,001$500,000 | $500,001$1,000,000 |
Personal Strategy Income | Charles M. Shriver | None | $500,001$1,000,000 |
Prime Reserve | Joseph K. Lynagh | $50,001$100,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Real Assets | Wyatt A. Lee | $1-$10,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Real Estate | David M. Lee | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Science & Technology | Kennard W. Allen | over $1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Short-Term Bond | Edward A. Wiese | $500,001$1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Small-Cap Stock (b) | Gregory A. McCrickard | $500,001$1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Small-Cap Value (b) | Preston G. Athey (h) | over $1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Spectrum Growth | Charles M. Shriver | $100,001-$500,000 | $500,001$1,000,000 |
Spectrum Income | Charles M. Shriver | $100,001-$500,000 | $500,001$1,000,000 |
Spectrum International | Christopher D. Alderson | None | over $1,000,000 |
Strategic Income | Steven C. Huber | $500,001$1,000,000 | $100,001$500,000 |
Summit Cash Reserves | Joseph K. Lynagh | $10,001$50,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Summit GNMA | Andrew C. McCormick | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Summit Municipal Income | Konstantine B. Mallas | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Summit Municipal Intermediate | Charles B. Hill | $500,001$1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Summit Municipal Money Market | Joseph K. Lynagh | None | over $1,000,000 |
Tax- Efficient Equity | Donald J. Peters | over $1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Tax- Exempt Money | Joseph K. Lynagh | None | over $1,000,000 |
Tax- Free High Yield | James M. Murphy | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Tax- Free Income | Konstantine B. Mallas | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Tax- Free Short-Intermediate | Charles B. Hill | $10,001$50,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Tax- Free Ultra Short-Term Bond | Joseph K. Lynagh | (i) | over $1,000,000 |
Total Equity Market Index | E. Frederick Bair Ken D. Uematsu | $10,001$50,000 $1-$10,000 | $100,001$500,000 $100,001$500,000 |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | Robert M. Larkins | $1-$10,000 | $100,001$500,000 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | Jeffrey Rottinghaus | over $1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
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Fund | Portfolio Manager | Range of Fund Holdings | All Funds |
U.S. Treasury Intermediate | Brian J. Brennan | $10,001$50,000 | over $1,000,000 |
U.S. Treasury Long-Term | Brian J. Brennan | $10,001$50,000 | over $1,000,000 |
U.S. Treasury Money | Joseph K. Lynagh | $1$10,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Ultra Short-Term Bond | Joseph K. Lynagh | $100,001$500,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Value (b) | Mark S. Finn | $1-$10,000 | $500,001$1,000,000 |
(a) See table beginning on page 7 for the fiscal year of the funds. The range of fund holdings as of the funds fiscal year is updated concurrently with each funds prospectus date as shown in the table beginning on page 7.
(b) The portfolio manager invests in a similarly managed T. Rowe Price common trust fund within the T. Rowe Price 401(k) plan.
(c) On November 1, 2013, Ulle Adamson became co-portfolio manager of the fund. Ms. Adamson will serve as the interim portfolio manager until on or about July 15, 2014 when Ms. Innes returns from maternity leave and resumes her role as sole portfolio manager.
(d) The fund incepted on May 28, 2013, therefore the range of fund holdings is not yet available.
(e) The fund incepted on October 24, 2013, therefore the range of fund holdings is not yet available.
(f) On October 1, 2013, Paul D. Greene II became the sole portfolio manager of the fund, therefore the range of fund holdings is not yet available.
(g) On May 13, 2013, Daniel Martino became portfolio manager of the fund, therefore the range of fund holdings is not yet available.
(h) On June 30, 2014, J. David Wagner will replace Preston G. Athey as the funds portfolio manager.
(i) The fund has not incepted, therefore the range of fund holdings is not yet available.
The following funds may be purchased only by institutional investors.
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Range of Fund Holdings as of Funds Fiscal Yeara | All Funds |
Institutional Africa & Middle East | Oliver D.M. Bell | None | None |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity | Federico Santilli | None | None |
Institutional Core Plus | Brian J. Brennan | None | over $1,000,000 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond | Michael J. Conelius | None | over $1,000,000 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity | Gonzalo Pangaro | None | over $1,000,000 |
Institutional Floating Rate | Paul M. Massaro | $10,001$50,000 | $500,001$1,000,000 |
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity | David J. Eiswert | None | over $1,000,000 |
Institutional Global Growth Equity | R. Scott Berg | None | over $1,000,000 |
Institutional Global Multi-Sector Bond | Steven C. Huber | (b) | $100,001$500,000 |
Institutional Global Value Equity | Sebastien Mallet | None | None |
Institutional High Yield | Paul A. Karpers | None | over $1,000,000 |
Institutional International Bond | Ian D. Kelson Christopher J. Rothery | None None | over $1,000,000 $50,001$100,000 |
Institutional International Core Equity | Raymond A. Mills | None | over $1,000,000 |
Institutional International Growth Equity | Robert W. Smith | None | over $1,000,000 |
Institutional Large Cap Core Growth | Larry J. Puglia | None | over $1,000,000 |
Institutional Large-Cap Growth | Robert W. Sharps | $500,001$1,000,000 | over $1,000,000 |
Institutional Large-Cap Value | Mark S. Finn John D. Linehan Brian C. Rogers | None $100,001$500,000 None | $500,001$1,000,000 over $1,000,000 over $1,000,000 |
Institutional Long Duration Credit | David A. Tiberii | (c) | over $1,000,000 |
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Fund | Portfolio Manager | Range of Fund Holdings as of Funds Fiscal Yeara | All Funds |
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth | Brian W.H. Berghuis | None | over $1,000,000 |
Institutional Small-Cap Stock | Gregory A. McCrickard | None | over $1,000,000 |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research | Anna M. Dopkin | None | over $1,000,000 |
(a) See table beginning on page 7 for the fiscal year of the funds. The range of fund holdings as of the funds fiscal year is updated concurrently with each funds prospectus date as shown in the table beginning on page 7.
(b) The fund incepted on October 24, 2013, therefore the range of fund holdings is not yet available.
(c) The fund incepted on June 3, 2013, therefore the range of fund holdings is not yet available.
The following funds are designed for persons residing in the indicated state. The portfolio managers reside in Maryland.
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Range
of Fund Holdings | All Funds |
California Tax-Free Bond | Konstantine B. Mallas | None | over $1,000,000 |
California Tax-Free Money | Joseph K. Lynagh | None | over $1,000,000 |
Georgia Tax-Free Bond | Hugh D. McGuirk | None | over $1,000,000 |
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond | Konstantine B. Mallas | None | over $1,000,000 |
New York Tax-Free Bond | Konstantine B. Mallas | None | over $1,000,000 |
New York Tax-Free Money | Joseph K. Lynagh | None | over $1,000,000 |
Virginia Tax-Free Bond | Hugh D. McGuirk | None | over $1,000,000 |
(a) See table beginning on page 7 for the fiscal year of the funds. The range of fund holdings as of the funds fiscal year is updated concurrently with each funds prospectus date as shown in the table beginning on page 7.
The following funds are designed such that a single individual would normally select one fund based on that persons expected retirement date.
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Range of Fund Holdings | All Funds |
Retirement 2005 | Jerome A. Clark | None | $100,001$500,000 |
Retirement 2010 | Jerome A. Clark | None | $100,001$500,000 |
Retirement 2015 | Jerome A. Clark | None | $100,001$500,000 |
Retirement 2020 | Jerome A. Clark | None | $100,001$500,000 |
Retirement 2025 | Jerome A. Clark | None | $100,001$500,000 |
Retirement 2030 | Jerome A. Clark | None | $100,001$500,000 |
Retirement 2035 | Jerome A. Clark | None | $100,001$500,000 |
Retirement 2040 (b) | Jerome A. Clark | None | $100,001$500,000 |
Retirement 2045 (b) | Jerome A. Clark | None | $100,001$500,000 |
Retirement 2050 | Jerome A. Clark | None | $100,001$500,000 |
Retirement 2055 | Jerome A. Clark | None | $100,001$500,000 |
Retirement Income | Jerome A. Clark | None | $100,001$500,000 |
Target Retirement 2005 | Jerome A. Clark Wyatt A. Lee | (c) (c) | $100,001$500,000 over $1,000,000 |
Target Retirement 2010 | Jerome A. Clark Wyatt A. Lee | (c) (c) | $100,001$500,000 over $1,000,000 |
Target Retirement 2015 | Jerome A. Clark Wyatt A. Lee | (c) (c) | $100,001$500,000 over $1,000,000 |
Target Retirement 2020 | Jerome A. Clark Wyatt A. Lee | (c) (c) | $100,001$500,000 over $1,000,000 |
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Fund | Portfolio Manager | Range of Fund Holdings | All Funds |
Target Retirement 2025 | Jerome A. Clark Wyatt A. Lee | (c) (c) | $100,001$500,000 over $1,000,000 |
Target Retirement 2030 | Jerome A. Clark Wyatt A. Lee | (c) (c) | $100,001$500,000 over $1,000,000 |
Target Retirement 2035 | Jerome A. Clark Wyatt A. Lee | (c) (c) | $100,001$500,000 over $1,000,000 |
Target Retirement 2040 | Jerome A. Clark Wyatt A. Lee | (c) (c) | $100,001$500,000 over $1,000,000 |
Target Retirement 2045 | Jerome A. Clark Wyatt A. Lee | (c) (c) | $100,001$500,000 over $1,000,000 |
Target Retirement 2050 | Jerome A. Clark Wyatt A. Lee | (c) (c) | $100,001$500,000 over $1,000,000 |
Target Retirement 2055 | Jerome A. Clark Wyatt A. Lee | (c) (c) | $100,001$500,000 over $1,000,000 |
(a) See table beginning on page 7 for the fiscal year of the funds. The range of fund holdings as of the funds fiscal year is updated concurrently with each funds prospectus date as shown in the table beginning on page 7.
(b) The portfolio manager invests in a similarly managed T. Rowe Price common trust fund within the T. Rowe Price 401(k) plan.
(c) The fund incepted on August 20, 2013, therefore the range of fund holdings is not yet available.
The following funds are not available for direct purchase by members of the public.
Fund | Portfolio Manager | Range of Fund Holdings | All Funds |
Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Michael J. Conelius | None | over $1,000,000 |
Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Andrew Keirle | None | None |
Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Paul M. Massaro | None | $500,001$1,000,000 |
TRP Government Reserve Investment | Joseph K. Lynagh | None | over $1,000,000 |
High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Mark J. Vaselkiv | None | $500,001$1,000,000 |
Inflation Focused Bond | Daniel O. Shackelford | None | over $1,000,000 |
Investment-Grade Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | David A. Tiberii | None | over $1,000,000 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Andrew C. McCormick | None | over $1,000,000 |
TRP Reserve Investment | Joseph K. Lynagh | None | over $1,000,000 |
Short-Term Government Reserve Fund | Joseph K. Lynagh | None | over $1,000,000 |
Short-Term Reserve Fund | Joseph K. Lynagh | None | over $1,000,000 |
(a) See table beginning on page 7 for the fiscal year of the funds. The range of fund holdings as of the funds fiscal year is updated concurrently with each funds prospectus date as shown in the table beginning on page 7.
Portfolio Manager Compensation
Portfolio manager compensation consists primarily of a base salary, a cash bonus, and an equity incentive that usually comes in the form of a stock option grant or restricted stock grant. Compensation is variable and is determined based on the following factors.
Investment performance over 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year periods is the most important input. The weightings for these time periods are generally balanced and are applied consistently across similar strategies. T. Rowe Price
85
(and Price Hong Kong, Price Singapore, and T. Rowe Price International, as appropriate), evaluate performance in absolute, relative, and risk-adjusted terms. Relative performance and risk-adjusted performance are determined with reference to the broad-based index (e.g., S&P 500) and the Lipper index (e.g., Large-Cap Growth) set forth in the total returns table in the funds prospectus, although other benchmarks may be used as well. Investment results are also measured against comparably managed funds of competitive investment management firms. The selection of comparable funds is approved by the applicable investment steering committee (as described under the Disclosure of Fund Portfolio Information section) and are the same as those presented to the directors of the Price Funds in their regular review of fund performance. Performance is primarily measured on a pretax basis though tax efficiency is considered and is especially important for the Tax-Efficient Equity Fund.
Compensation is viewed with a long-term time horizon. The more consistent a managers performance over time, the higher the compensation opportunity. The increase or decrease in a funds assets due to the purchase or sale of fund shares is not considered a material factor. In reviewing relative performance for fixed-income funds, a funds expense ratio is usually taken into account. Contribution to T. Rowe Prices overall investment process is an important consideration as well. Sharing ideas with other portfolio managers, working effectively with and mentoring younger analysts, and being good corporate citizens are important components of T. Rowe Prices long-term success and are highly valued.
All employees of T. Rowe Price, including portfolio managers, participate in a 401(k) plan sponsored by T. Rowe Price Group. In addition, all employees are eligible to purchase T. Rowe Price common stock through an employee stock purchase plan that features a limited corporate matching contribution. Eligibility for and participation in these plans is on the same basis as for all employees. Finally, all vice presidents of T. Rowe Price Group, including all portfolio managers, receive supplemental medical/hospital reimbursement benefits.
This compensation structure is used for all portfolios managed by the portfolio manager.
Assets Under Management
The following table sets forth the number and total assets of the mutual funds and accounts managed by the Price Funds portfolio managers as of the most recent fiscal year end of the funds they manage, unless otherwise indicated. All of the assets of the funds that have multiple portfolio managers are shown as being allocated to all managers of those funds. There are no accounts for which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account.
Registered Investment | Other
Pooled Investment | Other Accounts | ||||
Portfolio Manager | Number | Total Assets | Number | Total Assets | Number | Total Assets |
Kennard Allen | 3 | $2,945,645,557 | | | | |
Christopher D. Alderson | 1 | 822,222,125 | 1 | $26,392,026 | | |
Preston G. Athey | 8 | 9,874,119,816 | 2 | 98,907,042 | 9 | $497,326,614 |
E. Frederick Bair | 6 | 17,325,287,796 | 2 | 3,099,606,427 | 1 | 982,580,736 |
P. Robert Bartolo | 11 | 37,856,702,524 | 1 | 956,013,031 | 8 | 1,216,637,138 |
Peter J. Bates(a) | | | | | | |
Oliver D.M. Bell | 2 | 293,132,041 | 1 | 25,485,019 | | |
R. Scott Berg | 2 | 173,681,770 | 9 | 1,448,348,101 | 6 | 1,457,966,190 |
Brian W.H. Berghuis | 8 | 26,975,861,756 | 2 | 236,697,344 | 7 | 993,150,648 |
Brian J. Brennan | 5 | 1,154,093,774 | 4 | 1,930,567,375 | 13 | 3,004,566,477 |
Jerome A. Clark | 54 | 96,600,362,738 | 27 | 9,518,527,376 | 5 | 2,866,436,604 |
Michael J. Conelius | 11 | 4,977,776,457 | 7 | 7,916,632,754 | 1 | 213,134,205 |
Jose Costa Buck | 1 | 1,764,058,316 | 2 | 260,812,649 | 1 | 235,118,369 |
Anna M. Dopkin | 8 | 7,448,913,228 | 5 | 8,751,202,324 | 50 | 13,362,434,424 |
Donald J. Easley | | | | | 2 | 39,666,111 |
David J. Eiswert | 9 | 1,957,670,724 | 10 | 1,834,300,660 | 10 | 4,107,368,479 |
86
Registered Investment | Other Pooled Investment | Other Accounts | ||||
Portfolio Manager | Number | Total Assets | Number | Total Assets | Number | Total Assets |
Henry M. Ellenbogen | 1 | 9,747,598,924 | 3 | 1,094,755,239 | 8 | 1,130,654,655 |
Mark S. Finn | 8 | 20,692,435,163 | 4 | 1,281,268,194 | 28 | 3,708,531,827 |
David R. Giroux | 5 | 22,436,565,986 | 1 | 157,535,571 | | |
Paul D. Greene II(b) | | | | | | |
M. Campbell Gunn | 1 | 159,459,080 | 3 | 214,834,304 | 1 | 26,849,748 |
Charles B. Hill | 3 | 4,614,958,190 | 2 | 319,332,667 | 5 | 1,836,955,868 |
Steven C. Huber | 1 | 294,594,754 | | | 2 | 218,559,424 |
Thomas J. Huber | 3 | 4,750,764,566 | 1 | 210,924,124 | | |
Leigh Innes | 1 | 421,348,635 | | | | |
Paul A. Karpers | 4 | 3,652,455,788 | 1 | 528,905 | 9 | 2,962,363,286 |
Andrew Keirle | 3 | 91,094,770 | 1 | 14,688,214 | | |
Ian D. Kelson | 6 | 5,173,309,003 | 11 | 372,861,759 | | |
Robert M. Larkins | 1 | 866,846,536 | 2 | 1,586,310,715 | 1 | 103,455,070 |
David M. Lee | 3 | 3,844,996,869 | 1 | 44,688,264 | 2 | 162,989,625 |
Wyatt A. Lee | 1 | 1,166,840,183 | | | 2 | 109,267,072 |
John D. Linehan | 1 | 1,048,226,550 | | | | |
Anh Lu | 1 | 4,528,601,534 | 3 | 970,184,105 | 2 | 586,527,703 |
Joseph K. Lynagh | 13 | 35,227,411,123 | 2 | 1,085,360,935 | 8 | 294,379,232 |
Konstantine B. Mallas | 5 | 5,244,805,203 | | | 4 | 90,456,567 |
Sebastien Mallet | 1 | 7,546,197 | | | | |
Daniel Martino | 2 | 2,456,734,596 | | | | |
Paul M. Massaro | 3 | 2,999,906,652 | | | | |
Jonathan H.W. Matthews | 1 | 5,785,723,316 | | | | |
Susanta Mazumdar | 1 | 42,375,875 | | | | |
Andrew C. McCormick | 4 | 2,035,389,611 | | | 2 | 17,561,207 |
Gregory A. McCrickard | 4 | 8,543,531,588 | 3 | 911,704,005 | 4 | 373,430,177 |
Hugh D. McGuirk | 3 | 3,422,921,080 | | | 10 | 525,206,002 |
Raymond A. Mills | 3 | 6,381,582,555 | 2 | 564,364,888 | 3 | 933,351,687 |
James M. Murphy | 1 | 2,620,998,863 | | | | |
Sudhir Nanda | 3 | 1,313,533,691 | | | | |
Gonzalo Pangaro | 3 | 7,876,379,117 | 4 | 3,764,840,566 | 6 | 2,945,195,480 |
Timothy E. Parker | 3 | 5,920,906,669 | 2 | 202,067,714 | 7 | 506,693,410 |
Donald J. Peters | 5 | 1,430,039,253 | | | 16 | 1,474,241,710 |
Larry J. Puglia | 9 | 22,866,155,119 | 2 | 130,212,855 | 19 | 4,875,168,650 |
Brian C. Rogers | 12 | 36,301,846,590 | 2 | 1,394,928,954 | 10 | 1,716,612,512 |
Christopher J. Rothery | 3 | 213,152,828 | 1 | (8,524,821) | 2 | 7,014,065 |
Jeffrey Rottinghaus | 1 | 47,464,336 | 2 | 209,437,559 | | |
Federico Santilli | 1 | 7,913,564 | | | | |
Daniel O. Shackelford | 6 | 23,827,415,889 | 4 | 3,405,041,607 | 16 | 2,800,958,591 |
Robert W. Sharps | 7 | 10,180,469,874 | 5 | 3,638,716,931 | 46 | 15,125,634,370 |
Charles M. Shriver | 19 | 21,484,066,408 | 5 | 1,779,588,990 | 10 | 606,780,849 |
Neil Smith | 1 | 375,880,706 | | | | |
Robert W. Smith | 4 | 9,870,204,723 | 2 | 581,218,272 | 2 | 233,421,210 |
Joshua K. Spencer | 2 | 808,189,711 | 1 | 270,273,258 | 1 | 59,114,366 |
Taymour R. Tamaddon | 6 | 6,379,566,677 | | | 1 | 109,794,611 |
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Registered Investment | Other Pooled Investment | Other Accounts | ||||
Portfolio Manager | Number | Total Assets | Number | Total Assets | Number | Total Assets |
Dean Tenerelli | 1 | 702,955,134 | 1 | 16,083,634 | | |
Justin Thomson | 1 | 2,776,321,085 | 1 | 14,734,756 | 2 | 68,673,132 |
David A. Tiberii | 6 | 7,001,409,066 | 4 | 963,421,347 | 9 | 2,758,773,994 |
Ken D. Uematsu | 4 | 16,673,366,718 | 4 | 3,099,606,427 | 2 | 1,036,792,237 |
Mark J. Vaselkiv | 4 | 9,663,718,916 | 5 | 3,221,235,802 | 8 | 2,278,016,546 |
Eric L. Veiel | 1 | 386,301,065 | | | | |
David J. Wallack | 3 | 10,691,111,245 | 1 | 65,101,021 | 2 | 162,502,411 |
Hiroshi Watanabe | | | | | | |
Edward A. Wiese | 7 | 12,083,330,466 | 2 | 1,757,660,250 | 20 | 3,952,791,409 |
Ernest C. Yeung | | | | | | |
(a) The individual assumed sole portfolio management responsibilities of a mutual fund on October 24, 2013. The information on accounts managed is not yet available.
(b) The individual assumed sole portfolio management responsibilities of a mutual fund on October 1, 2013. The information on accounts managed is not yet available.
Conflicts of Interest
Portfolio managers at T. Rowe Price and its affiliates typically manage multiple accounts. These accounts may include, among others, mutual funds, separate accounts (assets managed on behalf of institutions such as pension funds, colleges and universities, and foundations), offshore funds and common trust funds. Portfolio managers make investment decisions for each portfolio based on the investment objectives, policies, practices, and other relevant investment considerations that the managers believe are applicable to that portfolio. Consequently, portfolio managers may purchase (or sell) securities for one portfolio and not another portfolio. T. Rowe Price and its affiliates have adopted brokerage and trade allocation policies and procedures which they believe are reasonably designed to address any potential conflicts associated with managing multiple accounts for multiple clients. Also, as disclosed under the Portfolio Manager Compensation section, the portfolio managers compensation is determined in the same manner with respect to all portfolios managed by the portfolio manager. Please see the Portfolio Transactions section of this SAI for more information on our brokerage and trade allocation policies.
T. Rowe Price funds may, from time to time, own shares of Morningstar, Inc. Morningstar is a provider of investment research to individual and institutional investors, and publishes ratings on mutual funds, including the Price Funds. T. Rowe Price manages the Morningstar retirement plan and T. Rowe Price and its affiliates pay Morningstar for a variety of products and services. In addition, Morningstar may provide investment consulting and investment management services to clients of T. Rowe Price or its affiliates.
As of the date indicated, the directors, executive officers, and advisory board members of the funds, as a group, owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of any fund (or class), except as shown in the following table.
Fund | %* |
Africa & Middle East | 1.2 |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | 2.1 |
Institutional Floating Rate FundF Class | 1.2 |
Global Growth Stock | 5.7 |
88
Fund | %* |
Global Stock | 2.3 |
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | 2.5 |
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | 1.0 |
Summit Cash Reserves | 1.3 |
Summit Municipal Money Market | 1.4 |
Tax-Exempt Money | 1.7 |
Tax-Efficient Equity | 6.4 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | 3.2 |
* Based on December 31, 2012, data for the directors and advisory board members and August 31, 2013, for the executive officers.
As of September 30, 2013, the following shareholders of record owned more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the indicated funds and/or classes.
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Africa & Middle East | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of University of Arkansas Foundation, Inc. | 5.36 |
Balanced | T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 37.87(c) |
Blue Chip Growth | Edward
D. Jones & Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services | 10.59 |
Blue Chip Growth FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 14.48 |
89
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Blue Chip Growth FundR Class | American
United Life Emjay Corp Cust ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company Nationwide Trust Company FSB NFS LLC State Street Corporation Trustee | 5.79 |
California Tax-Free Bond | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 6.06 |
California Tax-Free Money | Georgette OConnor Day TR | 12.20 |
Capital Appreciation | Charles
Schwab & Company, Inc. National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of Pershing LLC | 10.18 |
Capital Appreciation FundAdvisor Class | Ameritas Life Insurance Corporation Charles Schwab & Company,
Inc. National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 8.03 |
90
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Capital Opportunity | McWood & Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 42.99(a) |
Capital Opportunity FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. Reliance Trust Company | 26.88(a) |
Capital Opportunity FundR Class | Capital Bank & Trust Company Trustee Capital
Bank & Trust Company Trustee Charles
Schwab & Company, Inc. FIIOC as Agent FIIOC as Agent Nationwide Trust Company FSB NFS LLC | 5.90
|
Corporate Income | Spectrum
Income Fund | 46.11(d) |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | Pershing LLC SEI Private
Trust Company | 10.14 |
91
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Dividend Growth | Edward D. Jones & Company MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of Its Customers National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 12.63 |
Dividend Growth FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Wells Fargo
Bank | 9.56 |
Emerging Europe | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 8.29 |
Emerging Markets Bond | Retirement Portfolio 2010 Retirement
Portfolio 2015 Retirement Portfolio 2020 Retirement
Portfolio 2025 Retirement Portfolio 2030 Spectrum
Income Fund | 5.68 |
92
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond | McWood & Company T. Rowe Price Associates | 52.38(a) |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of Its Customers T. Rowe Price Associates | 6.80 |
Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | CBE of
New Brunswick Illinois
Student Assistance Commission St. Paul Teachers Retirement Fund Association T. Rowe Price Associates | 28.65(a) |
Emerging Markets Stock | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of Retirement Portfolio 2020 Retirement Portfolio 2025 Retirement Portfolio 2030 Retirement Portfolio 2035 Retirement Portfolio 2040 | 8.68 |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | T. Rowe Price Associates | 19.60 |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond FundAdvisor Class | Charles
Schwab & Company, Inc. T. Rowe Price Associates | 61.85(a) |
Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | CBE of New Brunswick St. Paul Teachers Retirement Fund Association T. Rowe Price Associates | 53.57(a) |
93
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Equity Income | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. Edward D. Jones & Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe
Price Trust Company | 5.06 |
Equity Income FundAdvisor Class | John Hancock Life Insurance USA National Financial Services
for the Exclusive Benefit of | 23.26 |
Equity Income FundR Class | American United Life DCGT as
Trustee and/or Custodian Hartford Life Insurance
Company Nationwide Trust Company FSB | 21.05 |
Equity Index 500 | Retirement Portfolio 2010 Retirement Portfolio 2015 Retirement Portfolio 2020 Retirement Portfolio 2025 Retirement Portfolio 2030 | 8.18 |
European Stock | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. Pershing LLC Spectrum International Fund | 7.21 |
Extended Equity Market Index | TD Ameritrade, Inc. T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 6.32 |
94
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Financial Services | Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company | 18.33 |
Floating Rate | Genworth Financial Trust Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Pershing LLC TD Ameritrade, Inc. T. Rowe
Price Associates | 13.48 |
Floating Rate FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. JP Morgan Clearing Corporation National Financial Services
for the Exclusive Benefit of Pershing LLC | 26.45(a) |
Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | CBE of New Brunswick Illinois
Student Assistance Commission T. Rowe Price Associates | 39.21(a) |
Georgia Tax-Free Bond | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 17.33 |
Global Allocation Fund | T. Rowe Price Associates | 51.23(e) |
Global Allocation FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. T. Rowe Price Associates | 46.15(a) |
95
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Global Growth Stock | San Gabriel III LLC T. Rowe Price Associates Trustees of T. Rowe Price U.S. Retirement Program | 6.05 |
Global Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. Pershing LLC T. Rowe Price Associates | 7.51 |
Global Infrastructure | T. Rowe Price Associates | 13.96 |
Global Infrastructure FundAdvisor Class | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of SEI Private Trust Company TD Ameritrade, Inc. T. Rowe
Price Associates | 39.58(a) |
Global Real Estate | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. Pershing LLC TD Ameritrade, Inc. T. Rowe Price Associates | 7.57 |
Global Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. Great-West Trust Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of | 44.06(a) |
Global Stock | JPMorgan as Directed Trustee for Ernst & Young T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 14.79 |
96
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Global Stock FundAdvisor Class | FIIOC as
Agent National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of | 26.90(a) |
Global Technology | MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of Its Customers National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Pershing LLC | 7.03 |
GNMA | Spectrum Income Fund | 38.98(d) |
TRP Government Reserve Investment | Barnaclesailc/o T. Rowe Price Associates Bridgesail & Co. T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 49.24(d) |
Growth & Income | T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 7.14 |
Growth Stock | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Retirement Portfolio 2020 Retirement Portfolio 2025 Retirement Portfolio 2030 Retirement Portfolio 2035 Retirement Portfolio 2040 T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 5.99 |
Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | ICMA Retirement Trust National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of | 6.00 |
97
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Growth Stock FundR Class | Hartford
Life Insurance Company Nationwide Trust Company
FSB State Street Corporation Trustee Suntrust Bank | 6.73 |
Health Sciences | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. John Hancock
Life Insurance Company USA National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 7.02 |
High Yield | Edward D. Jones & Company Retirement Portfolio 2020 Spectrum Income Fund | 7.38 |
High Yield FundAdvisor Class | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of | 89.24(a) |
High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Baltimore Equitable Insurance Illinois
Student Assistance Commission St. Paul Teachers Retirement
Fund Association T. Rowe Price Associates | 9.66 |
Inflation Focused Bond | Retirement Portfolio 2010 Retirement Portfolio 2015 Retirement Portfolio 2020 Retirement Portfolio 2025 Retirement Income Portfolio | 16.21 |
Inflation Protected Bond | T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 8.21 |
98
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Institutional Africa & Middle East | Crystal
Bridges Museum of American Art Inc. John S.
and James L. Knight Foundation National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Northern Trust As Custodian FBO SEI Private Trust Company | 9.65 |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
Institutional Core Plus | JPMorgan Chase Bank Trustee for Janette
Stump, James Carney & Howard Kline, Trustees National Financial Services
for the Exclusive Benefit of The Church Foundation T. Rowe Price Associates | 16.65 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. Ladybird & Company Ladybug & Company Lakeside & Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Rockyledge
& Company | 14.15 |
99
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity | Goldman
Sachs & Company Ladybug & Company Lakeside & Company Mac &
Company National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Wells Fargo Bank NA | 9.23 |
Institutional Floating Rate | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. DPERS-Floating Rate Fund Account National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Seamile
& Company Taskforce
& Company Tuna &
Company | 6.77 |
Institutional Floating Rate FundF Class | Mac & Company | 8.34 |
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity | Mac & Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of SEI Private
Trust Company | 54.06(a) |
100
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Institutional Global Growth Equity | Croda Inc.
Defined Benefit Plan Master TR Longwood Foundation Inc. State Street Bank & Trust Company as T. Rowe Price Associates | 6.07 |
Institutional Global Value Equity | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
Institutional High Yield | Bread & Company Goldman Sachs & Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Tuna & Company | 5.63 |
Institutional International Bond | Ladybird & Company Ladybug & Company Lakeside & Company National Financial Services
for the Exclusive Benefit of | 33.17(d) |
Institutional International Core Equity | Dekalb County Pension Plan | 99.30(a) |
101
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Institutional International Growth Equity | Brics &
Company BNA Foreign Equity Fund State Street Bank & Trust Company Custodian State Street Bank & Trust Company Custodian The Church Foundation | 11.92 |
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth | Great-West Trust Company Mercer Trust Co. Trustee National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of PIMS/Prudential Retirement as Nominee for the State Street
Corporation Trustee | 7.62 |
102
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Institutional Large-Cap Growth | Bank of
America NA Trustee for Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. Edward
D. Jones & Company MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of Its Customers National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of SEI Private Trust Company | 12.57 |
Institutional Large-Cap Value | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. JP Morgan Chase Bank NA National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Prudential
Bank & Trust | 12.23 |
Institutional Long Duration Credit | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
103
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth | JP Morgan
Chase Trustee Kentucky Public Employees Deferred Mac & Company National Financial Services
for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company Wells Fargo Bank | 6.86 |
Institutional Small-Cap Stock | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of PIMS/Prudential Retirement Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company | 64.43(a) |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research | McWood & Company National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of The Harry and Jeanette Weinberg
Foundation, Inc. Wells Fargo
Bank NA Wells Fargo Bank NA | 7.50 |
104
Fund | Shareholder | % |
International Bond | Edward D. Jones & Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of Retirement Portfolio 2020 Spectrum Income Fund | 18.22 |
International Bond FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. ING National Trust Morgan
Stanley Smith Barney National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Pershing LLC | 8.06 |
International Discovery | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. Edward D. Jones & Company for the Benefit of Customers National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Vanguard Fiduciary Trust
Company | 8.18 |
International Equity Index | T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 15.60 |
International Growth & Income | Retirement Portfolio 2015 Retirement Portfolio 2020 Retirement Portfolio 2025 Retirement Portfolio 2030 Retirement Portfolio 2035 Retirement Portfolio 2040 Spectrum
Growth Fund | 5.55 |
105
Fund | Shareholder | % |
International Growth & Income FundAdvisor Class | American
United Life National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of Pershing LLC State Street Corporation Trustee | 7.09 |
International Growth & Income FundR Class | American
United Life DCGT as Trustee and/or Custodian Emjay Corp
Cust Nationwide Trust Company
FSB Saxon & Company State Street Corporation Trustee | 14.10 |
International Stock | Edward D. Jones & Company for the Benefit of Customers Retirement Portfolio 2020 Retirement Portfolio 2025 Retirement Portfolio 2030 Retirement Portfolio 2035 Retirement Portfolio 2040 | 9.14 |
International Stock FundAdvisor Class | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of | 86.71(a) |
International Stock FundR Class | American United Life American United Life Capital Bank & Trust
Company Trustee DCGT as Trustee and/or Custodian Nationwide
Trust Company FSB | 10.68 |
106
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Investment-Grade Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Baltimore
Equitable Insurance CBE of New Brunswick Illinois
Student Assistance Commission St. Paul Teachers Retirement
Fund Association T. Rowe Price Associates | 10.10 |
Japan | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney Spectrum International Fund | 7.72 |
Latin America | Charles
Schwab & Company, Inc. Pershing LLC | 8.91 |
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. | 10.95 |
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. | 6.24 |
Maryland Tax-Free Money | Pershing
LLC | 7.16 |
Media & Telecommunications | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 6.06 |
Mid-Cap Growth | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 8.01 |
Mid-Cap Growth FundAdvisor Class | ING National Trust as Trustee for the ADP TotalsourceRetirement
Savings Plan MLPF&S for the Sole Benefit of its Customers Morgan Stanley Smith Barney National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 7.46 |
107
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Mid-Cap Growth FundR Class | American
United Life ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company Nationwide Trust Company FSB Suntrust
Bank | 9.88 |
Mid-Cap Value | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Retirement Portfolio 2030 T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 15.99 |
Mid-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | Morgan Stanley Smith Barney National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 6.25 |
Mid-Cap Value FundR Class | ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company Nationwide
Trust Company FSB State Street Corporation Trustee Suntrust Bank | 8.56 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | Baltimore
Equitable Insurance CBE of New Brunswick Illinois
Student Assistance Commission St. Paul Teachers Retirement
Fund Association T. Rowe Price Associates | 17.55 |
New America Growth | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 11.47 |
108
Fund | Shareholder | % |
New America Growth FundAdvisor Class | Charles
Schwab & Company, Inc. National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of New York Life Trust Company VRSCO FBO AIG | 13.17 |
New Asia | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Pershing LLC | 5.04 |
New Era | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 8.75 |
New Horizons | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 9.88 |
New Income | Edward D. Jones & Company for the Benefit of Our JP Morgan Clearing Corporation Retirement Portfolio 2010 Retirement Portfolio 2015 Retirement Portfolio 2020 Retirement Portfolio 2025 Retirement Portfolio 2030 Spectrum Income Fund | 8.58 |
109
Fund | Shareholder | % |
New Income FundAdvisor Class | Charles
Schwab & Company, Inc. Great-West Trust Company Morgan Stanley Smith Barney National Financial Services
for the Exclusive Benefit of TD Ameritrade, Inc. | 5.17 |
New Income FundR Class | Lincoln Retirement Services Company Nationwide Trust Company
FSB State Street Corporation Trustee Wells Fargo Bank | 8.52 |
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of | 18.33 |
New York Tax-Free Money | H. Mark Glasberg and Paula D. Glasberg, Joint
Tenants | 11.22 |
Overseas Stock | Retirement Portfolio 2015 Retirement Portfolio 2020 Retirement Portfolio 2025 Retirement Portfolio 2030 Retirement Portfolio 2035 Retirement Portfolio 2040 | 5.99 |
Personal Strategy Balanced | Mac & Company National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of State Street Bank &
Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company TR | 6.12 |
Personal Strategy Growth | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of State Street Bank & Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company TR | 6.47 |
110
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Personal Strategy Income | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of T. Rowe Price Trust Company TR | 5.64 |
Prime Reserve | T. Rowe Price Associates T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 7.89 |
Real Assets | Retirement Portfolio 2015 Retirement Portfolio 2020 Retirement Portfolio 2025 Retirement Portfolio 2030 Retirement Portfolio 2035 Retirement Portfolio 2040 | 5.93 |
Real Estate | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. First Clearing
LLC Pershing LLC | 8.05 |
Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | Maxim Series Fund Inc. National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of | 28.57(a) |
TRP Reserve Investment | Overlap & Company Seamile & Company T. Rowe
Price Associates, Inc. Taskforce & Company Tuna & Company | 5.01 |
Retirement 2005 | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 6.62 |
111
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class | Charles
Schwab & Company, Inc. DCGT as Trustee and/or Custodian Lincoln Retirement Services
Company National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Reliance Trust Company | 5.08 |
Retirement 2005 FundR Class | ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company NFS LLC | 7.19 |
Retirement 2010 | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 10.14 |
Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class | Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Taynik & Company | 6.59 |
Retirement 2010 FundR Class | ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company NFS LLC State Street Corporation Trustee Suntrust Bank Taynik & Company | 5.55 |
112
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Retirement 2015 | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 11.22 |
Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of Reliance Trust Company | 22.66 |
Retirement 2015 FundR Class | ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company NFS LLC State Street Corporation Trustee | 27.56(a) |
Retirement 2020 | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 13.29 |
Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class | Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Reliance Trust Company Taynik
& Company | 7.83 |
Retirement 2020 FundR Class | ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company NFS LLC State Street
Corporation Trustee Taynik & Company | 6.02 |
Retirement 2025 | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 13.14 |
Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of Reliance Trust Company | 24.66 |
113
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Retirement 2025 FundR Class | ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company NFS LLC State Street Corporation Trustee | 33.24(a) |
Retirement 2030 | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 13.83 |
Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class | Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Taynik & Company | 8.16 |
Retirement 2030 FundR Class | ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company State Street
Corporation Trustee Taynik & Company | 5.22 |
Retirement 2035 | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 13.77 |
Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class | National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of Reliance Trust Company Taynik & Company | 24.45 |
Retirement 2035 FundR Class | ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company NFS LLC State Street Corporation Trustee | 34.94(a) |
Retirement 2040 | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 14.39 |
114
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class | Massachusetts
Mutual Life Insurance Company National Financial Services
for the Exclusive Benefit of Taynik & Company Wells Fargo Bank | 8.15 |
Retirement 2040 FundR Class | Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company NFS LLC State Street Corporation Trustee Taynik
& Company | 5.22 |
Retirement 2045 | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 14.64 |
Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of Reliance Trust Company Taynik & Company | 6.05 |
Retirement 2045 FundR Class | ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company NFS LLC State Street Corporation Trustee Taynik & Company | 35.65(a) |
Retirement 2050 | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. Wells Fargo
Bank | 15.96 |
115
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class | Massachusetts
Mutual Life Insurance Company National Financial Services
for the Exclusive Benefit of Reliance Trust Company Taynik & Company | 7.42 |
Retirement 2050 FundR Class | State Street Corporation Trustee Taynik & Company | 33.77(a) |
Retirement 2055 | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 13.43 |
Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class | Great-West Trust Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Reliance
Trust Company Taynik & Company | 8.00 |
Retirement 2055 FundR Class | AXA Equitable ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company State Street
Corporation Trustee | 5.63 |
Retirement Income | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 12.45 |
Retirement Income FundAdvisor Class | Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Taynik & Company | 7.47 |
116
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Retirement Income FundR Class | ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company PIMS/Prudential Retirement State Street
Corporation Trustee | 8.93 |
Science & Technology | T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 16.95 |
Science & Technology FundAdvisor Class | John Hancock Life Insurance Company USA | 87.59(a) |
Short-Term Bond | Edward D. Jones & Company National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Spectrum
Income Fund | 6.92 |
Short-Term Bond FundAdvisor Class | Genworth Financial Trust Company National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of SEI Private Trust Company TD Ameritrade, Inc. | 7.03 |
Short-Term Reserve | JP Morgan Chase Bank State Street
Bank & Trust Company | 63.56(a) |
Small-Cap Stock | Minnesota State Retirement System National Financial Services
for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 6.25 |
117
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Small-Cap Stock FundAdvisor Class | Fifth Third
Bank Trustee National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Wells Fargo
Bank | 11.75 |
Small-Cap Value | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 12.96 |
Small-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | ICMA Retirement Trust John Hancock Life Insurance Company USA National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 29.94(a) |
Spectrum Growth | T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 9.55 |
Spectrum Income | T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 15.54 |
Strategic Income | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe Price Associates Young Womens
Christian Association | 12.39 |
Strategic Income FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. LPL Financial National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Pershing LLC TD Ameritrade, Inc. | 14.47 |
Summit Cash Reserves | T. Rowe Price Associates T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 9.73 |
118
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Summit Municipal Income | Edward D. Jones & Company First Clearing LLC Saxon & Company | 16.30 |
Summit Municipal Income FundAdvisor Class | Pershing LLC T. Rowe
Price Associates | 51.58(a) |
Summit Municipal Intermediate | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. Edward
D. Jones & Company First Clearing LLC JP Morgan Clearing Corporation Saxon & Company | 10.44 |
Summit Municipal Intermediate FundAdvisor Class | Charles
Schwab & Company, Inc. Pershing LLC T. Rowe
Price Associates | 68.67(a) |
Summit Municipal Money Market | James S. Riepe Gail P. Riepe, Tenent Cockeysville, Maryland | 5.34 |
Target Retirement 2005 | TRAC 2000 T. Rowe Price Associates T. Rowe
Price Trust Company T. Rowe
Price Trust Company T. Rowe
Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 8.64 |
Target Retirement 2005Advisor Class | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
119
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Target Retirement 2010 | T. Rowe Price Associates T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe
Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 10.08 |
Target Retirement 2010Advisor Class | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
Target Retirement 2015 | TRAC 2000 T. Rowe Price Associates T. Rowe
Price Trust Company T. Rowe
Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 18.88 |
Target Retirement 2015Advisor Class | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
Target Retirement 2020 | David F. Albright Jr. T. Rowe Price Associates | 51.32(a) |
Target Retirement 2020Advisor Class | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
120
Fund | Shareholder | % |
Target Retirement 2025 | T. Rowe Price Associates T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe
Price Trust Company | 21.09 |
Target Retirement 2025Advisor Class | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
Target Retirement 2030 | T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Associates | 13.87 |
Target Retirement 2030Advisor Class | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
Target Retirement 2035 | T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe
Price Associates | 6.82 |
Target Retirement 2035Advisor Class | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
Target Retirement 2040 | T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Associates | 20.14 |
Target Retirement 2040Advisor Class | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
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Fund | Shareholder | % |
Target Retirement 2045 | Kimberly G. Perone T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Associates | 6.54 |
Target Retirement 2045Advisor Class | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
Target Retirement 2050 | T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Associates | 5.50 |
Target Retirement 2050Advisor Class | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
Target Retirement 2055 | T. Rowe Price Trust Company T. Rowe Price Associates | 22.23 |
Target Retirement 2055Advisor Class | T. Rowe Price Associates | 100.00(e) |
Tax-Exempt Money | Edward D. Jones & Company Pershing LLC Susan A. Feith Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin T. Rowe Price Associates | 20.45 |
Tax-Free High Yield | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 9.54 |
Tax-Free High Yield FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of T. Rowe
Price Associates | 79.69(a) |
Tax-Free Income FundAdvisor Class | National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 95.86(a) |
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Fund | Shareholder | % |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. First Clearing LLC National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Pershing LLC T. Rowe Price Associates | 15.03 |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate FundAdvisor Class | Charles
Schwab & Company, Inc. D A Davidson & Co. Inc. FBO David K. Grant National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of RBC Capital Markets LLC TD Ameritrade, Inc. | 8.90 |
Total Equity Market Index | Maryland College Investment Plan | 9.84 |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | Education Trust of Alaska The Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Foundation, Inc. T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. | 7.97 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | T. Rowe Price Associates | 14.74 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. LPL Financial National
Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of Pershing LLC T. Rowe
Price Associates | 23.77 |
U.S. Treasury Intermediate | T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 8.18 |
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Fund | Shareholder | % |
U.S. Treasury Long-Term | Spectrum Income Fund T. Rowe Price Trust Company | 37.30(d) |
Ultra Short-Term Bond | Mac & Company T. Rowe Price Associates | 8.88 |
Value | Retirement Portfolio 2020 Retirement Portfolio 2025 Retirement Portfolio 2030 Retirement Portfolio 2035 Retirement Portfolio 2040 Retirement Portfolio 2045 | 10.85 |
Value FundAdvisor Class | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. Mac & Company ING Life Insurance & Annuity Company ING National Trust National Financial Services for the Exclusive
Benefit of | 5.18 |
Virginia Tax-Free Bond | Charles Schwab & Company, Inc. National Financial Services for the Exclusive Benefit of | 8.61 |
(a) At the level of ownership indicated, the shareholder would have greater power to determine the outcome of any matters affecting a fund or one of its classes that are submitted to shareholders for vote.
(b) T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., which is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., each a Maryland corporation. T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. is not the beneficial owner of these shares. Such shares are held of record by T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. and are normally voted by various retirement plans and retirement plan participants.
(c) T. Rowe Price Trust Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., which is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., each a Maryland corporation. T. Rowe Price Trust Company is not the beneficial owner of these shares. Such shares are held of record by T. Rowe Price Trust Company and are normally voted by various retirement plans and retirement plan participants.
(d) The indicated percentage of the outstanding shares of this fund are owned by another T. Rowe Price fund and held in the nominee name indicated. Shares of the fund are echo-voted by the T. Rowe Price fund that owns the shares in the same proportion that the shares of the underlying fund are voted by other shareholders.
(e) T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc., each a Maryland corporation. Securities owned by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. are the result of contributions to the fund at the funds inception in order to provide the fund with sufficient capital to invest in accordance with its investment program. At the level of ownership indicated, T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. would be able to determine the outcome of most issues that were submitted to shareholders for vote.
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T. Rowe Price is the investment adviser for all of the Price Funds and has executed an Investment Management Agreement with each fund. For certain Price Funds, T. Rowe Price has entered into an investment sub-advisory agreement with T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and/or Price Singapore. T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore are hereinafter referred to collectively as Investment Managers. T. Rowe Price is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. T. Rowe Price International is a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price. Price Hong Kong and Price Singapore are wholly owned subsidiaries of T. Rowe Price International.
Investment Management Services
Under the Investment Management Agreements, T. Rowe Price is responsible for supervising and overseeing investments of the funds in accordance with the funds investment objectives, programs, and restrictions as provided in the funds prospectuses and this SAI. In addition, T. Rowe Price provides the funds with certain corporate administrative services, including: maintaining the funds corporate existence and corporate records; registering and qualifying fund shares under federal laws; monitoring the financial, accounting, and administrative functions of the funds; maintaining liaison with the agents employed by the funds such as the funds custodian and transfer agent; assisting the funds in the coordination of such agents activities; and permitting employees of the Investment Managers to serve as officers, directors, and committee members of the funds without cost to the funds. For those Price Funds for which T. Rowe Price has not entered into a sub-advisory agreement, T. Rowe Price is responsible for making discretionary investment decisions on behalf of the funds and is generally responsible for effecting all security transactions, including the negotiation of commissions and the allocation of principal business and portfolio brokerage.
With respect to the Africa & Middle East, Emerging Europe, Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond, Emerging Markets Stock, European Stock, Institutional Africa & Middle East, Institutional Concentrated International Equity, Institutional Emerging Markets Equity, Institutional Global Value Equity, Institutional International Growth Equity, Institutional International Bond, International Bond, International Discovery, International Growth & Income, International Equity Index, International Stock, Japan, Latin America, New Asia, and Strategic Income Funds, and the Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio, T. Rowe Price has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with T. Rowe Price International under which, subject to the supervision of T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International is authorized to trade securities and make discretionary investment decisions on behalf of each fund. Under the sub-advisory agreement, T. Rowe Price International is responsible for effecting all securities transactions on behalf of the funds, including the negotiation of commissions and the allocation of principal business and portfolio brokerage. For the Strategic Income Fund, T. Rowe Price Internationals discretionary investment decisions and trading execution are limited to the funds international investment-grade fixed income investments in developed markets.
With respect to the Japan Fund and the Japanese investments of the International Discovery Fund, T. Rowe Price has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with the Tokyo Branch of T. Rowe Price International (TRPI-Tokyo) under which, subject to the supervision of T. Rowe Price, TRPI-Tokyo is authorized to trade Japanese securities and make discretionary investment decisions on behalf of each funds Japanese investments.
With respect to the International Discovery and New Asia Funds, T. Rowe Price has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with Price Hong Kong (in addition to their sub-advisory agreement with T. Rowe Price International) under which, subject to the supervision of T. Rowe Price and T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong is authorized to trade securities and make certain discretionary investment decisions on behalf of each fund. Under the sub-advisory agreement, Price Hong Kong is responsible for selecting the funds investments in the Asia-Pacific region and effecting security transactions on behalf of the funds, including the negotiation of commissions and the allocation of principal business and portfolio brokerage.
With respect to the Global Infrastructure Fund and Real Assets Fund, T. Rowe Price has entered into a sub-advisory agreement with Price Singapore under which, subject to the supervision of T. Rowe Price, Price
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Singapore is authorized to make discretionary investment decisions on behalf of each fund and to facilitate the trading of each funds securities. Under the sub-advisory agreements, Price Singapore may delegate trading execution to T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, or Price Hong Kong.
The Investment Management Agreements also provide that T. Rowe Price, and its directors, officers, employees, and certain other persons performing specific functions for the funds, will be liable to the funds only for losses resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of duty. The sub-advisory agreements have a similar provision limiting the liability of the investment sub-adviser for errors, mistakes, and losses other than those caused by its willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence.
Under the Investment Management Agreements and sub-advisory agreements, the Investment Managers are permitted to utilize the services or facilities of others to provide them or the funds with statistical and other factual information, advice regarding economic factors and trends, advice as to occasional transactions in specific securities, and such other information, advice, or assistance as the Investment Managers may deem necessary, appropriate, or convenient for the discharge of their obligations under the Investment Management Agreements (and sub-advisory agreement, if applicable) or otherwise helpful to the funds.
Control of Investment Adviser
T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. (Group) is a publicly owned company and owns 100% of the stock of T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., which in turn owns 100% of T. Rowe Price International Ltd, which in turn owns 100% each of T. Rowe Price Hong Kong Limited and T. Rowe Price Singapore Private Ltd. Group was formed in 2000 as a holding company for the T. Rowe Price-affiliated companies.
Management Fees
All funds except Index, Institutional, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, TRP Reserve, Retirement, Spectrum, Summit Income, and Summit Municipal Funds
The funds pay T. Rowe Price a fee (Fee) which consists of two components: a Group Management Fee (Group Fee) and an Individual Fund Fee (Fund Fee). The Fee is paid monthly to T. Rowe Price on the first business day of the next succeeding calendar month and is calculated as described next.
The monthly Group Fee (Monthly Group Fee) is the sum of the daily Group Fee accruals (Daily Group Fee Accruals) for each month. The Daily Group Fee Accrual for any particular day is computed by multiplying the Price Funds group fee accrual as determined below (Daily Price Funds Group Fee Accrual) by the ratio of the Price Funds net assets for that day to the sum of the aggregate net assets of the Price Funds for that day. The Daily Price Funds Group Fee Accrual for any particular day is calculated by multiplying the fraction of one (1) over the number of calendar days in the year by the annualized Daily Price Funds Group Fee Accrual for that day as determined in accordance with the following schedule:
0.480% | First $1 billion | 0.350% | Next $2 billion | 0.300% | Next $40 billion |
0.450% | Next $1 billion | 0.340% | Next $5 billion | 0.295% | Next $40 billion |
0.420% | Next $1 billion | 0.330% | Next $10 billion | 0.290% | Next $60 billion |
0.390% | Next $1 billion | 0.320% | Next $10 billion | 0.285% | Next $80 billion |
0.370% | Next $1 billion | 0.310% | Next $16 billion | 0.280% | Next $100 billion |
0.360% | Next $2 billion | 0.305% | Next $30 billion | 0.275% | Thereafter |
For the purpose of calculating the Group Fee, the Price Funds include all the mutual funds distributed by Investment Services (excluding the Retirement Funds, Spectrum Funds, TRP Reserve Funds, and any Index or private label mutual funds). For the purpose of calculating the Daily Price Funds Group Fee Accrual for any particular day, the net assets of each Price Fund are determined in accordance with each funds prospectus as of the close of business on the previous business day on which the fund was open for business.
The monthly Fund Fee (Monthly Fund Fee) is the sum of the daily Fund Fee accruals (Daily Fund Fee Accruals) for each month. The Daily Fund Fee Accrual for any particular day is computed by multiplying the fraction of one (1) over the number of calendar days in the year by the individual fund fee. The product of
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this calculation is multiplied by the net assets of the fund for that day, as determined in accordance with the funds prospectus as of the close of business on the previous business day on which the fund was open for business. The individual fund fees are listed in the following tables:
Fund | Fee % | |
Africa & Middle East | 0.75 | |
Balanced | 0.15 | |
Blue Chip Growth | 0.30 | (a) |
California Tax-Free Bond | 0.10 | |
California Tax-Free Money | 0.10 | |
Capital Appreciation | 0.30 | |
Capital Opportunity | 0.20 | |
Corporate Income | 0.15 | |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | 0.35 | |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | 0.35 | |
Dividend Growth | 0.20 | |
Emerging Europe | 0.75 | |
Emerging Markets Bond | 0.45 | |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond | 0.50 | |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | 0.45 | |
Emerging Markets Stock | 0.75 | |
Equity Income | 0.25 | (b) |
European Stock | 0.50 | |
Financial Services | 0.35 | |
Floating Rate | 0.30 | |
GNMA | 0.15 | |
Georgia Tax-Free Bond | 0.10 | |
Global Allocation | 0.40 | |
Global Growth Stock | 0.35 | |
Global Industrials | 0.40 | |
Global Infrastructure | 0.50 | |
Global Real Estate | 0.40 | |
Global Stock | 0.35 | |
Global Technology | 0.45 | |
Growth & Income | 0.25 | |
Growth Stock | 0.25 | (b) |
Health Sciences | 0.35 | |
High Yield | 0.30 | |
Inflation Protected Bond | 0.05 | |
International Bond | 0.35 | |
International Discovery | 0.75 | |
International Growth & Income | 0.35 | |
International Stock | 0.35 | |
Japan | 0.50 | |
Latin America | 0.75 | |
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | 0.10 |
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Fund | Fee % | |
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | 0.10 | |
Maryland Tax-Free Money | 0.10 | |
Media & Telecommunications | 0.35 | |
Mid-Cap Growth | 0.35 | (c) |
Mid-Cap Value | 0.35 | |
New America Growth | 0.35 | |
New Asia | 0.50 | |
New Era | 0.25 | |
New Horizons | 0.35 | |
New Income | 0.15 | |
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond | 0.10 | |
New York Tax-Free Bond | 0.10 | |
New York Tax-Free Money | 0.10 | |
Overseas Stock | 0.35 | |
Personal Strategy Balanced | 0.25 | |
Personal Strategy Growth | 0.30 | |
Personal Strategy Income | 0.15 | |
Prime Reserve | 0.05 | |
Real Assets | 0.35 | |
Real Estate | 0.30 | |
Science & Technology | 0.35 | |
Short-Term Bond | 0.10 | |
Small-Cap Stock | 0.45 | |
Small-Cap Value | 0.35 | |
Strategic Income | 0.20 | |
Tax-Efficient Equity | 0.35 | |
Tax-Exempt Money | 0.10 | |
Tax-Free High Yield | 0.30 | |
Tax-Free Income | 0.15 | |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate | 0.10 | |
Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond | 0.08 | |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | 0.25 | |
U.S. Treasury Intermediate | 0.00 | |
U.S. Treasury Long-Term | 0.00 | |
U.S. Treasury Money | 0.00 | |
Ultra Short-Term Bond | 0.08 | |
Value | 0.35 | |
Virginia Tax-Free Bond | 0.10 |
(a) On assets up to $15 billion and 0.255% on assets above $15 billion.
(b) On assets up to $15 billion and 0.21% on assets above $15 billion.
(c) On assets up to $15 billion and 0.30% on assets above $15 billion.
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Index, Institutional, Summit Income, and Summit Municipal Funds
The following funds pay T. Rowe Price an annual investment management fee in monthly installments of the amount listed below based on the average daily net asset value of the fund.
Fund | Fee % |
Equity Index 500 | 0.10 |
Institutional Africa & Middle East | 1.00 |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity | 0.65 |
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity | 0.65 |
Institutional Global Growth Equity | 0.65 |
Institutional Global Value Equity | 0.65 |
Institutional International Core Equity | 0.65 |
Institutional International Growth Equity | 0.70 |
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth | 0.55 |
Institutional Large-Cap Growth | 0.55 |
Institutional Large-Cap Value | 0.55 |
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth | 0.60 |
Institutional Small-Cap Stock | 0.65 |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research | 0.50 |
The following funds (Single Fee Funds) pay T. Rowe Price a single annual investment management fee in monthly installments of the amount listed below based on the average daily net asset value of the fund.
Fund | Fee % |
Extended Equity Market Index | 0.40 |
Inflation Focused Bond | 0.50 |
Institutional Core Plus | 0.40 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond | 0.70 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity | 1.10 |
Institutional Floating Rate | 0.55 |
Institutional Global Multi-Sector Bond | 0.50 |
Institutional High Yield | 0.50 |
Institutional International Bond | 0.55 |
Institutional Long Duration Credit | 0.45 |
International Equity Index | 0.50 |
Summit Cash Reserves | 0.45 |
Summit GNMA | 0.60 |
Summit Municipal Income | 0.50 |
Summit Municipal Intermediate | 0.50 |
Summit Municipal Money Market | 0.45 |
Total Equity Market Index | 0.40 |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | 0.30 |
The Investment Management Agreement between each Single Fee Fund and T. Rowe Price provides that T. Rowe Price will pay all expenses of each funds operations except for interest; taxes; brokerage commissions, and other charges incident to the purchase, sale, or lending of the funds portfolio securities; and such non-recurring or extraordinary expenses that may arise, including the costs of actions, suits, or proceedings to which the fund is a party and the expenses the fund may incur as a result of its obligation to
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provide indemnification to its officers, directors, and agents. However, the Boards for the funds reserve the right to impose additional fees against shareholder accounts to defray expenses which would otherwise be paid by T. Rowe Price under the Investment Management Agreement. The Boards do not anticipate levying such charges; such a fee, if charged, may be retained by the funds or paid to the Investment Managers.
The Fee is paid monthly to T. Rowe Price on the first business day of the next succeeding calendar month and is the sum of the Daily Fee accruals for each month. The Daily Fee accrual for any particular day is calculated by multiplying the fraction of one (1) over the number of calendar days in the year by the appropriate Fee. The product of this calculation is multiplied by the net assets of the fund for that day, as determined in accordance with each funds prospectus as of the close of business on the previous business day on which the fund was open for business.
Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, Retirement Funds, Spectrum Funds and TRP Reserve Funds
None of these funds pays T. Rowe Price an investment management fee.
Investment Sub-advisory Agreements
Pursuant to each of the sub-advisory agreements that T. Rowe Price has entered into on behalf of a Price Fund (other than the Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio), T. Rowe Price may pay the investment subadviser up to 60% of the management fee that T. Rowe Price receives from that fund.
Management Fee Compensation
The following table sets forth the total management fees, if any, paid to the Investment Managers by each fund, during the fiscal years indicated:
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
2/28/13 | 2/29/12 | 2/28/11 | |
California Tax-Free Bond | $1,586,000 | $1,377,000 | $1,393,000 |
California Tax-Free Money | 329,000 | 335,000 | 368,000 |
Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (c) | (a) | (a) |
Georgia Tax-Free Bond | 903,000 | 747,000 | 724,000 |
High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (c) | (a) | (a) |
Investment-Grade Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (c) | (a) | (a) |
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | 885,000 | 956,000 | 1,046,000 |
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | 8,186,000 | 7,228,000 | 7,284,000 |
Maryland Tax-Free Money | 497,000 | 578,000 | 623,000 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (c) | (a) | (a) |
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond | 1,148,000 | 987,000 | 1,013,000 |
New York Tax-Free Bond | 1,703,000 | 1,409,000 | 1,414,000 |
New York Tax-Free Money | 326,000 | 366,000 | 400,000 |
Tax-Efficient Equity | 624,000 | 562,000 | 501,000 |
Tax-Exempt Money | 3,432,000 | 3,849,000 | 3,615,000 |
Tax-Free High Yield(b) | 14,083,000 | 10,515,000 | 11,053,000 |
Tax-Free Income(b) | 13,543,000 | 13,251,000 | 12,560,000 |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate(b) | 7,419,000 | 6,135,000 | 5,456,000 |
Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Virginia Tax-Free Bond | 3,907,000 | 3,327,000 | 3,251,000 |
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
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(b) The fund has two classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
(c) The fund does not pay an investment management fee
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
5/31/13 | 5/31/12 | 5/31/11 | |
Corporate Income | $2,968,000 | $2,844,000 | $3,343,000 |
Floating Rate(a) | 603,000 | 234,000 | (b) |
GNMA | 8,015,000 | 7,531,000 | 6,963,000 |
TRP Government Reserve Investment | (c) | (c) | (c) |
High Yield(a) | 55,350,000 | 51,500,000 | 48,512,000 |
Inflation Focused Bond(d) | 19,018,000 | 14,886,000 | 11,680,000 |
Inflation Protected Bond | 1,928,000 | 1,670,000 | 1,251,000 |
Institutional Core Plus(a)(d) | 89,000 | 674,000 | 474,000 |
Institutional Floating Rate(a)(d) | 12,608,000 | 10,083,000 | 6,113,000 |
Institutional Global Multi-Sector Bond | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Institutional High Yield(d) | 13,599,000 | 9,740,000 | 6,629,000 |
Institutional Long Duration Credit | (b) | (b) | (b) |
New Income(e) | 90,186,000 | 70,974,000 | 58,504,000 |
Personal Strategy Balanced | 9,410,000 | 8,831,000 | 8,607,000 |
Personal Strategy Growth | 7,093,000 | 6,610,000 | 6,582,000 |
Personal Strategy Income | 4,946,000 | 4,393,000 | 4,141,000 |
Prime Reserve | 19,992,000 | 19,796,000 | 19,458,000 |
TRP Reserve Investment | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2005 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2010 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2015 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2020 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2025 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2030 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2035 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2040 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2045 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2050 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2055 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement Income | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Short-Term Bond(a) | 26,635,000 | 23,553,000 | 22,685,000 |
Short-Term Government Reserve | (c) | (b) | (b) |
Short-Term Reserve | (c) | (b) | (b) |
Strategic Income(a) | 1,392,000 | 1,176,000 | 972,000 |
Target Retirement 2005 | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Target Retirement 2010 | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Target Retirement 2015 | (b) | (b) | (b) |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
5/31/13 | 5/31/12 | 5/31/11 | |
Target Retirement 2020 | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Target Retirement 2025 | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Target Retirement 2030 | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Target Retirement 2035 | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Target Retirement 2040 | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Target Retirement 2045 | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Target Retirement 2050 | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Target Retirement 2055 | (b) | (b) | (b) |
U.S. Treasury Intermediate | 1,642,000 | 1,456,000 | 1,439,000 |
U.S. Treasury Long-Term | 1,534,000 | 1,172,000 | 908,000 |
U.S. Treasury Money | 5,618,000 | 5,540,000 | 5,535,000 |
Ultra Short-Term Bond | 271,000 | (b) | (b) |
(a) The fund has two classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
(b) Prior to commencement of operations.
(c) The fund does not pay an investment management fee.
(d) The fee includes investment and administrative expenses.
(e) The fund has three classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
10/31/12 | 10/31/11 | 10/31/10 | |
Africa & Middle East | $1,535,000 | $2,071,000 | $2,221,000 |
Emerging Europe | 4,590,000 | 7,489,000 | 7,448,000 |
Emerging Markets Stock | 67,016,000 | 57,609,000 | 48,683,000 |
European Stock | 5,363,000 | 6,183,000 | 5,431,000 |
Global Allocation(a) | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Global Growth Stock(a) | 400,000 | 350,000 | 249,000 |
Global Infrastructure(a) | 333,000 | 337,000 | 140,000 |
Global Stock(a) | 3,584,000 | 4,735,000 | 4,866,000 |
Institutional Africa & Middle East | 1,320,000 | 1,199,000 | 827,000 |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity | 48,000 | 50,000 | 12,000 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity(c) | 9,580,000 | 8,833,000 | 5,432,000 |
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity | 1,030,000 | 1,147,000 | 1,226,000 |
Institutional Global Growth Equity | 391,000 | 369,000 | 223,000 |
Institutional Global Value Equity | 13,000 | (b) | (b) |
Institutional International Core Equity | 410,000 | 322,000 | 0 |
Institutional International Growth Equity | 520,000 | 507,000 | 434,000 |
International Discovery | 26,136,000 | 28,272,000 | 23,915,000 |
International Equity Index(c) | 1,783,000 | 1,938,000 | 2,049,000 |
International Growth & Income(d) | 31,913,000 | 25,124,000 | 20,526,000 |
International Stock(d) | 52,717,000 | 43,889,000 | 38,050,000 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
10/31/12 | 10/31/11 | 10/31/10 | |
Japan | 1,348,000 | 1,625,000 | 1,626,000 |
Latin America | 20,688,000 | 28,930,000 | 29,710,000 |
New Asia | 32,852,000 | 36,839,000 | 34,468,000 |
Overseas Stock | 27,926,000 | 20,081,000 | 14,361,000 |
Summit Cash Reserves(c) | 25,494,000 | 25,798,000 | 25,005,000 |
Summit GNMA(c) | 1,285,000 | 1,055,000 | 1,060,000 |
Summit Municipal Income(a)(c) | 3,368,000 | 2,622,000 | 2,394,000 |
Summit Municipal Intermediate(a)(c) | 10,264,000 | 8,795,000 | 7,054,000 |
Summit Municipal Money Market(c) | 904,000 | 948,000 | 1,119,000 |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index(c) | 3,064,000 | 2,446,000 | 1,616,000 |
(a) The fund has two classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
(b) Prior to commencement of operations.
(c) The fee includes investment management fees and administrative expenses.
(d) The fund has three classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
12/31/12 | 12/31/11 | 12/31/10 | |
Balanced | $14,554,000 | $13,950,000 | $12,708,000 |
Blue Chip Growth(a) | 84,997,000 | 69,851,000 | 63,531,000 |
Capital Appreciation(b) | 76,517,000 | 66,899,000 | 59,332,000 |
Capital Opportunity(a) | 1,794,000 | 1,444,000 | 1,219,000 |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | 1,259,000 | 1,209,000 | 726,000 |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | 1,673,000 | 1,210,000 | 608,000 |
Dividend Growth | 12,540,000 | 9,427,000 | 6,125,000 |
Emerging Markets Bond | 26,481,000 | 21,690,000 | 17,780,000 |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond(b) | 119,000 | (d) | (d) |
Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (e) | (d) | (d) |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond(b) | 359,000 | 152,000 | (d) |
Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (e) | (d) | (d) |
Equity Income(a) | 125,484,000 | 116,095,000 | 99,044,000 |
Equity Index 500 | 14,684,000 | 13,531,000 | 14,104,000 |
Extended Equity Market Index(c) | 1,598,000 | 1,487,000 | 1,364,000 |
Financial Services | 2,071,000 | 2,006,000 | 2,290,000 |
Global Industrials | (d) | (d) | (d) |
Global Real Estate(b) | 555,000 | 310,000 | 172,000 |
Global Technology | 4,965,000 | 3,716,000 | 2,274,000 |
Growth & Income | 6,310,000 | 6,134,000 | 5,773,000 |
Growth Stock(a) | 154,138,000 | 137,117,000 | 117,595,000 |
Health Sciences | 28,279,000 | 18,865,000 | 14,942,000 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
12/31/12 | 12/31/11 | 12/31/10 | |
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond(c) | 1,666,000 | 1,394,000 | 1,304,000 |
Institutional International Bond(c) | 843,000 | 1,084,000 | 1,138,000 |
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth | 2,186,000 | 1,368,000 | 901,000 |
Institutional Large-Cap Growth | 26,725,000 | 15,818,000 | 10,932,000 |
Institutional Large-Cap Value | 4,834,000 | 3,305,000 | 2,432,000 |
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth | 16,359,000 | 9,561,000 | 3,548,000 |
Institutional Small-Cap Stock | 5,484,000 | 3,276,000 | 2,285,000 |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research | 2,717,000 | 2,876,000 | 1,860,000 |
International Bond(b) | 33,327,000 | 34,719,000 | 28,277,000 |
Media & Telecommunications | 14,284,000 | 13,030,000 | 10,578,000 |
Mid-Cap Growth(a) | 116,777,000 | 123,991,000 | 111,365,000 |
Mid-Cap Value(a) | 58,472,000 | 58,754,000 | 54,182,000 |
New America Growth(b) | 21,749,000 | 12,570,000 | 6,519,000 |
New Era | 24,641,000 | 30,599,000 | 27,355,000 |
New Horizons | 60,313,000 | 52,289,000 | 41,117,000 |
Real Assets | 17,198,000 | 13,203,000 | 2,069,000 |
Real Estate(b) | 21,021,000 | 16,942,000 | 15,086,000 |
Science & Technology(b) | 17,951,000 | 19,909,000 | 17,947,000 |
Small-Cap Stock(b) | 53,336,000 | 52,293,000 | 42,729,000 |
Small-Cap Value(b) | 47,986,000 | 46,105,000 | 39,801,000 |
Spectrum Growth | (e) | (e) | (e) |
Spectrum Income | (e) | (e) | (e) |
Spectrum International | (e) | (e) | (e) |
Total Equity Market Index(c) | 2,489,000 | 2,202,000 | 1,887,000 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core(b) | 240,000 | 193,000 | 104,000 |
Value(b) | 82,781,000 | 78,910,000 | 65,819,000 |
(a) The fund has three classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
(b) The fund has two classes of shares. The management fee is allocated to each class based on relative net assets.
(c) The fee includes investment management fees and administrative expenses.
(d) Prior to commencement of operations.
(e) The fund does not pay an investment management fee.
Expense Limitations and Reimbursements
The following chart sets forth contractual expense ratio limitations and the periods for which they are effective. For each fund, the Investment Managers have agreed to bear any fund expenses (other than interest, taxes, brokerage, and other expenditures that are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, extraordinary expenses, and acquired fund fees) which would cause the funds ratio of expenses to average net assets to exceed the indicated percentage limitation. The expenses borne by the Investment Managers are subject to reimbursement by the funds through the indicated reimbursement date, provided no reimbursement will be made if it would result in the funds expense ratios exceeding their applicable limitations.
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Fund | Limitation Period | Expense Ratio Limitation % | Reimbursement Date |
California Tax-Free Money(b) | July 1, 2013 June 30, 2015 | 0.55 | (a) |
Capital Opportunity FundAdvisor Class | May 1, 2010 April 30, 2012 | 1.10 | April 30, 2014(d) |
Capital Opportunity FundR Class(c) | May 1, 2012 April 30, 2014 | 1.35 | April 30, 2016(d) |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | May 1, 2010 April 30, 2012 | 1.25 | April 30, 2014(d) |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond | May 24, 2012 April 30, 2015 | 1.15 | (a) |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond FundAdvisor Class | May 24, 2012 April 30, 2015 | 1.25 | (a) |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | May 26, 2011 April 30, 2014 | 1.10 | (a) |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond FundAdvisor Class | May 26, 2011 April 30, 2014 | 1.20 | (a) |
Equity Index 500(e) | May 1, 2012 April 30, 2014 | 0.30 | April 30, 2016(d) |
Floating Rate(f) | October 1, 2013 - September 30, 2015 | 0.85 | (a) |
Floating Rate FundAdvisor Class(g) | October 1, 2013 - September 30, 2015 | 0.95 | (a) |
Global Allocation | May 28, 2013 February 29, 2016 | 1.05 | (a) |
Global Allocation FundAdvisor Class | May 28, 2013 February 29, 2016 | 1.15 | (a) |
Global Growth Stock(h) | March 1, 2013 February 28, 2015 | 1.00 | (a) |
Global Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class(i) | March 1, 2013 February 28, 2015 | 1.10 | (a) |
Global Industrials | October 24, 2013 April 30, 2016 | 1.05 | (a) |
Global Infrastructure(j) | March 1, 2012 February 28, 2014 | 1.10 | (a) |
Global Infrastructure FundAdvisor Class(k) | March 1, 2012 February 28, 2014 | 1.20 | (a) |
Global Real Estate(l) | May 1, 2013 April 30, 2015 | 1.05 | (a) |
Global Real Estate FundAdvisor Class(m) | May 1, 2013 April 30, 2015 | 1.15 | (a) |
Global Stock FundAdvisor Class(n) | March 1, 2012 February 28, 2014 | 1.15 | February 29, 2016(d) |
Inflation Protected Bond(o) | October 1, 2012 September 30, 2014 | 0.50 | September 30, 2016(d) |
Institutional Africa & Middle East(p) | March 1, 2013 February 28, 2015 | 1.25 | (a) |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity(q) | March 1, 2013 February 28, 2015 | 0.75 | (a) |
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity(r) | March 1, 2013 February 28, 2015 | 0.75 | (a) |
Institutional Global Growth Equity(s) | March 1, 2013 February 28, 2015 | 0.75 | (a) |
Institutional Global Value Equity | July 26, 2012 February 28, 2014 | 0.75 | (a) |
Institutional International Core Equity(t) | March 1, 2013 February 28, 2015 | 0.75 | (a) |
Institutional International Growth Equity(u) | March 1, 2012 - February 28, 2014 | 0.75 | February 29, 2016(d) |
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth(v) | May 1, 2011 April 30, 2013 | 0.65 | April 30, 2015(d) |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research(w) | May 1, 2012 April 30, 2014 | 0.55 | (a) |
International Stock FundR Class(x) | March 1, 2012 February 28, 2014 | 1.40 | (a) |
New America Growth FundAdvisor Class | May 1, 2010 April 30, 2012 | 1.10 | (a) |
New Income FundR Class(y) | October 1, 2012 September 30, 2014 | 1.15 | (a) |
New York Tax-Free Money(z) | July 1, 2013 June 30, 2015 | 0.55 | (a) |
Real Assets | July 28, 2010 April 30, 2013 | 1.10 | (a) |
Strategic Income Fund(aa) | October 1, 2011 September 30, 2013 | 0.80 | (a) |
Strategic Income FundAdvisor Class(bb) | October 1, 2013 September 30, 2015 | 0.95 | (a) |
Tax-Efficient Equity | July 1, 2010 June 30, 2012 | 1.25 | June 30, 2014(d) |
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Fund | Limitation Period | Expense Ratio Limitation % | Reimbursement Date |
Tax-Free High Yield FundAdvisor Class | August 8, 2012 June 30, 2015 | 1.05 | (a) |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate FundAdvisor Class | August 8, 2012 June 30, 2015 | 0.85 | (a) |
Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund | December 3, 2012 June 30, 2015 | 0.35 | (a) |
U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund(cc) | May 1, 2012 April 30, 2014 | 1.15 | (a) |
U.S. Large-Cap Core FundAdvisor Class(dd) | May 1, 2012 April 30, 2014 | 1.20 | (a) |
U.S. Treasury Intermediate Fund | November 1, 2009 September 30, 2012 | 0.55 | September 30, 2014(d) |
U.S. Treasury Long-Term Fund (ee) | October 1, 2012 September 30, 2014 | 0.55 | September 30, 2016(d) |
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund | December 3, 2012 September 30, 2015 | 0.35 | (a) |
(a) No reimbursement will be made more than three years after any waiver or payment.
(b) The California Tax-Free Money Fund previously operated under a 0.55% expense limitation that expired June 30, 2013.
(c) The Capital Opportunity FundR Class previously operated under a 1.35% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2012. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through April 30, 2014.
(d) No reimbursement will be made after the reimbursement date or three years after any waiver or payment, whichever is sooner.
(e) The Equity Index 500 Fund previously operated under a 0.30% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2012. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through April 30, 2014.
(f) The Floating Rate Fund previously operated under a 0.85% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2013.
(g) The Floating Rate FundAdvisor Class previously operated under a 0.95% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2013.
(h) The Global Growth Stock Fund previously operated under a 1.00% expense limitation that expired February 28, 2013.
(i) The Global Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class previously operated under a 1.10% expense limitation that expired February 28, 2013.
(j) The Global Infrastructure Fund previously operated under a 1.10% expense limitation that expired February 29, 2012.
(k) The Global Infrastructure FundAdvisor Class previously operated under a 1.20% expense limitation that expired February 29, 2012.
(l) The Global Real Estate Fund previously operated under a 1.05% expense limitation.
(m) The Global Real Estate FundAdvisor Class previously operated under a 1.15% expense limitation.
(n) The Global Stock FundAdvisor Class previously operated under a 1.15% expense limitation that expired February 29, 2011. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through February 28, 2014.
(o) The Inflation Protected Bond Fund previously operated under a 0.50% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2012. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through September 30, 2014.
(p) The Institutional Africa & Middle East Fund previously operated under a 1.25% expense limitation that expired February 28, 2013.
(q) The Institutional Concentrated International Equity Fund previously operated under a 0.75% expense limitation that expired February 28, 2013.
(r) The Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity Fund previously operated under a 0.75% expense limitation that expired February 28, 2013.
(s) The Institutional Global Growth Equity Fund previously operated under a 0.75% expense limitation that expired February 28, 2013.
(t) The Institutional International Core Equity Fund previously operated under a 0.75% expense limitation that expired February 28, 2013.
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(u) The Institutional International Growth Equity Fund previously operated under a 0.75% expense limitation that expired February 29, 2012.
(v) The Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth Fund previously operated under a 0.65% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2011. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through April 30, 2013.
(w) The Institutional Structured Research Fund previously operated under a 0.55% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2012.
(x) The International Stock FundR Class previously operated under a 1.40% expense limitation that expired February 29, 2012.
(y) The New Income FundR Class previously operated under a 1.15% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2012.
(z) The New York Tax-Free Money Fund previously operated under a 0.55% expense limitation that expired June 30, 2013.
(aa) The Strategic Income Fund previously operated under a 0.80% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2013.
(bb) The Strategic Income FundAdvisor Class previously operated under a 0.95% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2013.
(cc) The U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund previously operated under a 1.15% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2012.
(dd) The U.S. Large-Cap Core FundAdvisor Class previously operated under a 1.20% expense limitation that expired April 30, 2012.
(ee) The U.S. Treasury Long-Term Fund previously operated under a 0.55% expense limitation that expired September 30, 2012. The reimbursement period for this limitation extends through September 30, 2014.
The Investment Management Agreements between the funds and the Investment Managers provide that each fund will bear all expenses of its operations not specifically assumed by the Investment Managers.
For the purpose of determining whether a fund is entitled to expense limitation, the expenses of a fund are calculated on a monthly basis. If a fund is entitled to expense limitation, that months advisory fee will be reduced or postponed, with any adjustment made after the end of the year.
Except for the California and New York Funds, each of the above-referenced funds Investment Management Agreement also provides that one or more additional expense limitation periods (of the same or different time periods) may be implemented after the expiration of the current expense limitation, and that with respect to any such additional limitation period, the funds may reimburse the Investment Managers, provided the reimbursement does not result in the funds aggregate expenses exceeding the additional expense limitation. No reimbursement may be made by the California and New York Funds unless approved by shareholders.
California Tax-Free Money Fund At February 28, 2013, management fees in the amount of $108,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $322,000 remain subject to repayment.
Capital Opportunity FundR Class At December 31, 2012, expenses in the amount of $5,000 were reimbursed to the manager. Including these amounts, expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $9,000 remain subject to repayment.
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond Fund and Emerging Markets Corporate Bond FundAdvisor Class At December 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $114,000 were waived and expenses in the amount of $77,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $191,000 remain subject to repayment.
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund and Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond FundAdvisor Class At December 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $186,000 were waived and expenses in the amount of $87,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $445,000 remain subject to repayment.
Equity Index 500 Fund At December 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $794,000 were repaid and there were no amounts subject to repayment.
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Floating Rate Fund and Floating Rate FundAdvisor Class At May 31, 2013, management fees in the amount of $132,000 were waived and expenses in the amount of $93,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $476,000 remain subject to repayment.
Global Growth Stock Fund and Global Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class At October 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $90,000 were waived and expenses in the amount of $118,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $657,000 remain subject to repayment.
Global Infrastructure Fund and Global Infrastructure FundAdvisor Class At October 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $196,000 were waived and expenses in the amount of $105,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $858,000 remain subject to repayment.
Global Real Estate Fund and Global Real Estate FundAdvisor Class At December 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $84,000 were waived and expenses in the amount of $160,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $895,000 remain subject to repayment.
Global Stock FundAdvisor Class At October 31, 2012, expenses in the amount of $4,000 were repaid to the manager. Including these amounts, expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $8,000 remain subject to repayment.
Inflation Protected Bond Fund At May 31, 2013, management fees in the amount of $309,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $820,000 remain subject to repayment.
Institutional Africa & Middle East Fund At October 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $21,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $201,000 remain subject to repayment.
Institutional Concentrated International Equity Fund At October 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $48,000 were waived and expenses in the amount of $190,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $521,000 remain subject to repayment.
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity Fund At October 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $143,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $412,000 remain subject to repayment.
Institutional Global Growth Equity Fund At October 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $215,000 were waived and expenses in the amount of $1,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $661,000 remain subject to repayment.
Institutional Global Value Equity Fund At October 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $13,000 were waived and expenses in the amount of $55,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $68,000 remain subject to repayment.
Institutional International Core Equity Fund At October 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $212,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $423,000 remain subject to repayment.
Institutional International Growth Equity Fund At October 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $252,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $768,000 remain subject to repayment.
138
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth Fund At December 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $99,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $67,000 remain subject to repayment.
Institutional U.S. Structured Research Fund At December 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $4,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $146,000 remain subject to repayment.
International Stock Fund R Class At October 31, 2012, expenses in the amount of $2,000 were repaid to the manager. Including these amounts, expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $4,000 remain subject to repayment.
New America Growth FundAdvisor Class At December 31, 2012, there were no amounts subject to repayment. The Advisor Class operated below its expense limit.
New Income FundR Class At May 31, 2013, expenses in the amount of $9,000 were repaid to the manager. Including these amounts, expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $19,000 remain subject to repayment.
New York Tax-Free Money Fund At February 28, 2013, management fees in the amount of $108,000 were waived. Including these amounts, management fees waived in the amount of $297,000 remain subject to repayment.
Real Assets Fund At December 31, 2012, there were no amounts subject to repayment. The fund operated below its expense limit.
Strategic Income Fund and Strategic Income FundAdvisor Class At May 31, 2013, expenses in the amount of $168,000 were repaid to the manager. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $12,000 remain subject to repayment.
Tax-Efficient Equity Fund At February 28, 2013, there were no amounts subject to repayment. The fund operated below its expense limit.
U.S. Large-Cap Core and U.S. Large-Cap Core GrowthAdvisor Class At December 31, 2012, management fees in the amount of $7,000 were waived and expenses in the amount of $73,000 were reimbursed by the manager. Including these amounts, management fees waived and expenses previously reimbursed by the manager in the amount of $425,000 remain subject to repayment.
U.S. Treasury Intermediate At May 31, 2013, there were no amounts subject to repayment. The fund operated below its expense limit.
U.S. Treasury Long-Term At May 31, 2013, management fees in the amount of $35,000 were repaid and there were no amounts subject to repayment.
Management Related Services
In addition to the management fee, the funds (other than the Single-Fee Funds) pay for the following: shareholder service expenses; custodial, accounting, legal, and audit fees; costs of preparing and printing prospectuses and reports sent to shareholders; registration fees and expenses; proxy and annual meeting expenses (if any); and directors fees and expenses.
T. Rowe Price Services, Inc. (Services), a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price, acts as the funds transfer and dividend disbursing agent and provides shareholder and administrative services. T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. (RPS), also a wholly owned subsidiary, provides recordkeeping, sub-transfer agency, and administrative services for certain types of retirement plans investing in the funds. The fees paid by the funds to Services are based on the costs to Services of providing these services plus a return on capital employed in support of the services.
The fees paid to RPS are based on the percentage of Price Fund assets for which RPS provides recordkeeping and sub-transfer agency services. The fees paid to Services and RPS are set forth in each funds shareholder
139
report under Related Party Transactions. The address for Services and RPS is 100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
T. Rowe Price, under a separate agreement with the funds, provides accounting services to the funds. The funds paid the expenses shown in the following table during the fiscal years indicated to T. Rowe Price for accounting services.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
2/28/13 | 2/29/12 | 2/28/11 | |
California Tax-Free Bond | $94,000 | $91,000 | $84,000 |
California Tax-Free Money | 94,000 | 91,000 | 84,000 |
Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | | (a) | (a) |
Georgia Tax-Free Bond | 94,000 | 91,000 | 84,000 |
High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | | (a) | (a) |
Investment-Grade Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | | (a) | (a) |
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | 94,000 | 91,000 | 84,000 |
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | 119,000 | 120,000 | 113,000 |
Maryland Tax-Free Money | 94,000 | 91,000 | 84,000 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | | (a) | (a) |
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond | 94,000 | 91,000 | 84,000 |
New York Tax-Free Bond | 94,000 | 91,000 | 84,000 |
New York Tax-Free Money | 94,000 | 91,000 | 84,000 |
Tax-Efficient Equity | 94,000 | 91,000 | 84,000 |
Tax-Exempt Money | 119,000 | 120,000 | 113,000 |
Tax-Free High Yield | 156,000 | 149,000 | 148,000 |
Tax-Free High Yield FundAdvisor Class | (b) | (a) | (a) |
Tax-Free Income | 86,000 | 78,000 | 81,000 |
Tax-Free Income FundAdvisor Class | 54,000 | 59,000 | 46,000 |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate | 106,000 | 91,000 | 84,000 |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate FundAdvisor Class | (b) | (a) | (a) |
Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Virginia Tax-Free Bond | 94,000 | 84,000 | 65,000 |
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
(b) Less than $1,000
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
5/31/13 | 5/31/12 | 5/31/11 | |
Corporate Income | $143,000 | $148,000 | $149,000 |
GNMA | 118,000 | 120,000 | 115,000 |
Floating Rate | 159,000 | 151,000 | (a) |
Floating Rate FundAdvisor Class | 4,000 | 2,000 | (a) |
TRP Government Reserve Investment | 93,000 | 92,000 | 86,000 |
High Yield | 166,000 | 162,000 | 152,000 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
5/31/13 | 5/31/12 | 5/31/11 | |
High Yield FundAdvisor Class | 29,000 | 37,000 | 45,000 |
Inflation Focused Bond | 143,000 | 148,000 | 149,000 |
Inflation Protected Bond | 143,000 | 148,000 | 149,000 |
Institutional Core Plus | 193,000 | 197,000 | 192,000 |
Institutional Core Plus FundF Class | 2,000 | 1,000 | (b) |
Institutional Floating Rate | 131,000 | 157,000 | 191,000 |
Institutional Floating Rate FundF Class | 49,000 | 42,000 | 2,000 |
Institutional Global Multi-Sector Bond | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Institutional High Yield | 175,000 | 181,000 | 182,000 |
Institutional Long Duration Credit | (a) | (a) | (a) |
New Income | 214,000 | 215,000 | 208,000 |
New Income FundAdvisor Class | (b) | (b) | 2,000 |
New Income FundR Class | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Personal Strategy Balanced | 175,000 | 181,000 | 182,000 |
Personal Strategy Growth | 175,000 | 181,000 | 182,000 |
Personal Strategy Income | 175,000 | 181,000 | 182,000 |
Prime Reserve | 118,000 | 120,000 | 115,000 |
TRP Reserve Investment | 118,000 | 138,000 | 149,000 |
Retirement 2005 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2005 FundR Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2010 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2010 FundR Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2015 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2015 FundR Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2020 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2020 FundR Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2025 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2025 FundR Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2030 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2030 FundR Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2035 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2035 FundR Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2040 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
5/31/13 | 5/31/12 | 5/31/11 | |
Retirement 2040 FundR Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2045 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2045 FundR Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2050 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2050 FundR Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2055 | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement 2055 FundR Class | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Retirement Income | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Short-Term Bond | 146,000 | 155,000 | 148,000 |
Short-Term Bond FundAdvisor Class | 17,000 | 10,000 | 15,000 |
Short-Term Government Reserve | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Short-Term Reserve | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Strategic Income | 194,000 | 198,000 | 196,000 |
Strategic Income FundAdvisor Class | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Target Retirement 2005 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2010 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2015 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2020 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2025 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2030 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2035 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2040 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2045 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2050 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2055 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class | (a) | (a) | (a) |
142
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
5/31/13 | 5/31/12 | 5/31/11 | |
U.S. Treasury Intermediate | 93,000 | 92,000 | 86,000 |
U.S. Treasury Long-Term | 93,000 | 92,000 | 86,000 |
U.S. Treasury Money | 93,000 | 92,000 | 86,000 |
Ultra Short-Term Bond | 57,000 | (a) | (a) |
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
(b) Less than $1,000.
(c) Paid by underlying Price Funds pursuant to the Special Servicing Agreement.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
10/31/12 | 10/31/11 | 10/31/10 | |
Africa & Middle East | $177,000 | $184,000 | $174,000 |
Emerging Europe | 120,000 | 118,000 | 108,000 |
Emerging Markets Stock | 177,000 | 184,000 | 174,000 |
European Stock | 120,000 | 118,000 | 109,000 |
Global Allocation | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Global Allocation FundAdvisor Class | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Global Growth Stock | 138,000 | 132,000 | 120,000 |
Global Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | 1,000 | 1,000 | 2,000 |
Global Infrastructure | 164,000 | 164,000 | 120,000 |
Global Infrastructure FundAdvisor Class | 1,000 | (b) | 3,000 |
Global Stock | 139,000 | 132,000 | 119,000 |
Global Stock FundAdvisor Class | (b) | 1,000 | 2,000 |
Institutional Africa & Middle East | 177,000 | 184,000 | 174,000 |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity | 120,000 | 118,000 | 29,000 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity | 146,000 | 149,000 | 143,000 |
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity | 120,000 | 118,000 | 108,000 |
Institutional Global Growth Equity | 120,000 | 118,000 | 108,000 |
Institutional Global Value Equity | 32,000 | (a) | (a) |
Institutional International Core Equity | 120,000 | 124,000 | 2,000 |
Institutional International Growth Equity | 120,000 | 118,000 | 108,000 |
International Discovery | 146,000 | 149,000 | 144,000 |
International Equity Index | 177,000 | 184,000 | 170,000 |
International Growth & Income | 152,000 | 139,000 | 124,000 |
International Growth & Income FundAdvisor Class | 5,000 | 8,000 | 9,000 |
International Growth & Income FundR Class | 1,000 | 1,000 | 2,000 |
International Stock | 154,000 | 146,000 | 138,000 |
International Stock FundAdvisor Class | 5,000 | 2,000 | 1,000 |
International Stock FundR Class | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Japan | 94,000 | 88,000 | 80,000 |
143
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
10/31/12 | 10/31/11 | 10/31/10 | |
Latin America | 120,000 | 118,000 | 109,000 |
New Asia | 146,000 | 149,000 | 143,000 |
Overseas Stock | 146,000 | 149,000 | 143,000 |
Summit Cash Reserves | 120,000 | 118,000 | 108,000 |
Summit GNMA | 120,000 | 118,000 | 108,000 |
Summit Municipal Income | 99,000 | 88,000 | 80,000 |
Summit Municipal Income FundAdvisor Class | (b) | (a) | (a) |
Summit Municipal Intermediate | 99,000 | 88,000 | 80,000 |
Summit Municipal Intermediate FundAdvisor Class | (b) | (a) | (a) |
Summit Municipal Money Market | 120,000 | 118,000 | 108,000 |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | 120,000 | 118,000 | 108,000 |
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
(b) Less than $1,000.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
12/31/12 | 12/31/11 | 12/31/10 | |
Balanced | $175,000 | $185,000 | $180,000 |
Blue Chip Growth | 122,000 | 113,000 | 101,000 |
Blue Chip Growth FundAdvisor Class | 12,000 | 8,000 | 8,000 |
Blue Chip Growth FundR Class | 2,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
Capital Appreciation | 190,000 | 196,000 | 189,000 |
Capital Appreciation FundAdvisor Class | 5,000 | 5,000 | 4,000 |
Capital Opportunity | 157,000 | 148,000 | 133,000 |
Capital Opportunity FundAdvisor Class | 2,000 | 4,000 | 5,000 |
Capital Opportunity FundR Class | 1,000 | (a) | (a) |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | 95,000 | 90,000 | 83,000 |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | 95,000 | 90,000 | 83,000 |
Dividend Growth | 109,000 | 102,000 | 94,000 |
Dividend Growth FundAdvisor Class | 6,000 | 4,000 | 2,000 |
Emerging Markets Bond | 175,000 | 185,000 | 180,000 |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond | 116,000 | (b) | (b) |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond FundAdvisor Class | 2,000 | (b) | (b) |
Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | 194,000 | 119,000 | (b) |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond FundAdvisor Class | 1,000 | 1,000 | (b) |
Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Equity Income | 121,000 | 110,000 | 99,000 |
144
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
12/31/12 | 12/31/11 | 12/31/10 | |
Equity Income FundAdvisor Class | 12,000 | 11,000 | 10,000 |
Equity Income Fund FundR Class | 2,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
Equity Index 500 | 145,000 | 150,000 | 143,000 |
Extended Equity Market Index | 145,000 | 150,000 | 148,000 |
Financial Services | 95,000 | 90,000 | 83,000 |
Global Industrials | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Global Real Estate | 187,000 | 197,000 | 189,000 |
Global Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | 8,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 |
Global Technology | 120,000 | 120,000 | 112,000 |
Growth & Income | 95,000 | 90,000 | 83,000 |
Growth Stock | 144,000 | 136,000 | 122,000 |
Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | 12,000 | 12,000 | 12,000 |
Growth Stock FundR Class | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 |
Health Sciences | 175,000 | 185,000 | 181,000 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond | 145,000 | 185,000 | 180,000 |
Institutional International Bond | 145,000 | 185,000 | 180,000 |
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth | 95,000 | 90,000 | 83,000 |
Institutional Large-Cap Growth | 95,000 | 90,000 | 83,000 |
Institutional Large-Cap Value | 95,000 | 90,000 | 83,000 |
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth | 95,000 | 90,000 | 83,000 |
Institutional Small-Cap Stock | 95,000 | 90,000 | 83,000 |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research | 120,000 | 120,000 | 112,000 |
International Bond | 154,000 | 181,000 | 170,000 |
International Bond FundAdvisor Class | 11,000 | 20,000 | 23,000 |
Media & Telecommunications | 120,000 | 120,000 | 112,000 |
Mid-Cap Growth | 126,000 | 113,000 | 102,000 |
Mid-Cap Growth FundAdvisor Class | 7,000 | 7,000 | 5,000 |
Mid-Cap Growth FundR Class | 2,000 | 2,000 | 1,000 |
Mid-Cap Value | 122,000 | 109,000 | 96,000 |
Mid-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | 9,000 | 9,000 | 9,000 |
Mid-Cap Value FundR Class | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 |
New America Growth | 99,000 | 98,000 | 93,000 |
New America FundAdvisor Class | 16,000 | 8,000 | 3,000 |
New Era | 95,000 | 90,000 | 83,000 |
New Horizons | 120,000 | 120,000 | 112,000 |
Real Assets | 175,000 | 185,000 | 63,000 |
Real Estate | 153,000 | 157,000 | 154,000 |
Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | 12,000 | 9,000 | 7,000 |
Science & Technology | 121,000 | 118,000 | 109,000 |
Science & Technology FundAdvisor Class | 19,000 | 18,000 | 18,000 |
Small-Cap Stock | 111,000 | 102,000 | 92,000 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
12/31/12 | 12/31/11 | 12/31/10 | |
Small-Cap Stock FundAdvisor Class | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 |
Small-Cap Value | 142,000 | 142,000 | 139,000 |
Small-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | 23,000 | 24,000 | 23,000 |
Spectrum Growth | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Spectrum Income | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Spectrum International | (c) | (c) | (c) |
Total Equity Market Index | 145,000 | 150,000 | 148,000 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | 114,000 | 105,000 | 94,000 |
U.S. Large-Cap CoreAdvisor Class | 1,000 | 1,000 | 2,000 |
Value | 112,000 | 103,000 | 93,000 |
Value FundAdvisor Class | 3,000 | 3,000 | 3,000 |
(a) Less than $1,000.
(b) Prior to commencement of operations.
(c) Paid by underlying Price Funds pursuant to the Special Servicing Agreement.
529 Plans
T. Rowe Price is the investment manager of several college savings plans established by states under section 529 of the Code. Each plan has a number of portfolios that invest in underlying Price Funds including Blue Chip Growth, Emerging Markets Bond, Emerging Markets Stock, Equity Income, Equity Index 500, Extended Equity Market Index, Financial Services, Health Sciences, High Yield, Inflation Focused Bond, International Bond, International Equity Index, International Growth & Income, International Stock, Mid-Cap Growth, Mid-Cap Value, New Horizons, New Income, Overseas Stock, Real Assets, Science & Technology, Short-Term Bond, Small-Cap Stock, Spectrum Income, Summit Cash Reserves, Total Equity Market Index, U.S. Bond Enhanced Index, U.S. Treasury Money, and Value Funds. Each portfolio establishes an omnibus account in the underlying Price Funds. Transfer agent and recordkeeping expenses incurred by the portfolios as a result of transactions by participants in the 529 plans that invest in the Price Funds are paid for by the underlying Price Funds under their agreement with their transfer agent, T. Rowe Price Services, Inc. The expenses borne by each underlying Price Fund are set forth in the shareholder report of the underlying fund under Related Party Transactions.
Administrative Fee Payments
The funds (other than the Inflation Focused Bond Fund, Institutional Funds (except for their F Class shares), Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and TRP Reserve Funds) have adopted an administrative fee payment (AFP) program that authorizes the funds to make payments for services provided on behalf of the funds. Under the AFP program, payments by a fund (of up to 0.15% of its average daily net assets per year ) may be made to retirement plans, retirement plan recordkeepers, insurance companies, banks, and broker-dealers for transfer agency, recordkeeping, and other administrative services. These services include, but are not limited to: transmitting net purchase and redemption orders; maintaining separate records for shareholders reflecting purchases, redemptions, and share balances; mailing shareholder confirmations and periodic statements; processing dividend payments; and telephone services in connection with the above. Under the AFP program, the funds paid the amounts set forth below in calendar year 2012.
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Fund | Payment |
Africa & Middle East | $33,926 |
Balanced | 1,026,601 |
Blue Chip Growth | 8,401,209 |
California Tax-Free Bond | 68,260 |
California Tax-Free Money | 1,112 |
Capital Appreciation | 5,871,198 |
Capital Opportunity | 333,166 |
Corporate Income | 69,484 |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | 30,134 |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | 36,663 |
Dividend Growth | 1,876,885 |
Emerging Europe | 96,665 |
Emerging Markets Bond | 517,802 |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond | 552 |
Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (a) |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | 2,443 |
Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (a) |
Emerging Markets Stock | 1,822,949 |
Equity Income | 11,833,473 |
Equity Index 500 | 416,008 |
European Stock | 81,804 |
Extended Equity Market Index | 97,002 |
Financial Services | 90,070 |
Floating Rate | 7,120 |
Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (a) |
Georgia Tax-Free Bond | 58,362 |
GNMA | 140,334 |
TRP Government Reserve Investment | (a) |
Global Allocation | (b) |
Global Growth Stock | 2,708 |
Global Industrials | (b) |
Global Infrastructure | 2,829 |
Global Real Estate | 27,170 |
Global Stock | 157,880 |
Global Technology | 341,275 |
Growth & Income | 106,024 |
Growth Stock | 10,247,124 |
Health Sciences | 2,132,707 |
High Yield | 2,374,299 |
High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (a) |
Inflation Focused Bond | (a) |
147
Fund | Payment |
Inflation Protected Bond | 135,712 |
Institutional Africa & Middle East | (a) |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity | (a) |
Institutional Core Plus | (a) |
Institutional Core Plus FundF Class | 2,317 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond | (a) |
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity | (a) |
Institutional Floating Rate | (a) |
Institutional Floating Rate FundF Class | 83,720 |
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity | (a) |
Institutional Global Growth Equity | (a) |
Institutional Global Multi-Sector Bond | (b) |
Institutional Global Value Equity | (a) |
Institutional High Yield | (a) |
Institutional International Bond | (a) |
Institutional International Core Equity | (a) |
Institutional International Growth Equity | (a) |
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth | (a) |
Institutional Large-Cap Growth | (a) |
Institutional Large-Cap Value | (a) |
Institutional Long Duration Credit | (a) |
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth | (a) |
Institutional Small-Cap Stock | (a) |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research | (a) |
International Bond | 2,349,596 |
International Discovery | 1,714,970 |
International Equity Index | 102,635 |
International Growth & Income | 159,041 |
International Stock | 705,590 |
Investment-Grade Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (a) |
Japan | 20,287 |
Latin America | 583,690 |
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | 44,767 |
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | 396,333 |
Maryland Tax-Free Money | 1,313 |
Media & Telecommunications | 535,440 |
Mid-Cap Growth | 9,333,818 |
Mid-Cap Value | 3,338,459 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | (a) |
New America Growth | 2,422,750 |
New Asia | 1,894,554 |
148
Fund | Payment |
New Era | 1,314,898 |
New Horizons | 4,180,472 |
New Income | 3,394,520 |
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond | 51,911 |
New York Tax-Free Bond | 61,126 |
New York Tax-Free Money | 497 |
Overseas Stock | 364,658 |
Personal Strategy Balanced | 917,275 |
Personal Strategy Growth | 552,357 |
Personal Strategy Income | 355,453 |
Prime Reserve | 70,200 |
Real Assets | 996 |
Real Estate | 2,444,605 |
TRP Reserve Investment | (a) |
Retirement 2005 | (c) |
Retirement 2010 | (c) |
Retirement 2015 | (c) |
Retirement 2020 | (c) |
Retirement 2025 | (c) |
Retirement 2030 | (c) |
Retirement 2035 | (c) |
Retirement 2040 | (c) |
Retirement 2045 | (c) |
Retirement 2050 | (c) |
Retirement 2055 | (c) |
Retirement Income | (c) |
Science & Technology | 357,048 |
Short-Term Bond | 2,335,173 |
Short-Term Government Reserve | (a) |
Short-Term Reserve | (a) |
Small-Cap Stock | 4,787,468 |
Small-Cap Value | 2,322,976 |
Spectrum Growth | (c) |
Spectrum Income | (c) |
Spectrum International | (c) |
Strategic Income | 27,438 |
Summit Cash Reserves | 59,041 |
Summit GNMA | 10,490 |
Summit Municipal Income | 578,933 |
Summit Municipal Intermediate | 1,867,588 |
Summit Municipal Money Market | 416 |
Target Retirement 2005 | (b) |
149
Fund | Payment |
Target Retirement 2010 | (b) |
Target Retirement 2015 | (b) |
Target Retirement 2020 | (b) |
Target Retirement 2025 | (b) |
Target Retirement 2030 | (b) |
Target Retirement 2035 | (b) |
Target Retirement 2040 | (b) |
Target Retirement 2045 | (b) |
Target Retirement 2050 | (b) |
Target Retirement 2055 | (b) |
Tax-Efficient Equity | 6,908 |
Tax-Exempt Money | 211,492 |
Tax-Free High Yield | 548,181 |
Tax-Free Income | 343,105 |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate | 1,056,535 |
Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond | (b) |
Total Equity Market Index | 73,194 |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | 641,598 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | 1,568 |
U.S. Treasury Intermediate | 172,419 |
U.S. Treasury Long-Term | 132,971 |
U.S. Treasury Money | 313,093 |
Ultra Short-Term Bond | 21 |
Value | 1,107,996 |
Virginia Tax-Free Bond | 254,417 |
(a) Not eligible to participate in AFP program.
(b) Prior to commencement of operations.
(c) Paid by underlying Price Funds pursuant to the Special Servicing Agreement.
Each Advisor and R Class has adopted an AFP program under which various third parties, including third parties receiving 12b-1 payments, may receive payments from the class in addition to 12b-1 fees for providing various recordkeeping, transfer agency, and administrative services to the classes and/or shareholders thereof. These services include, but are not limited to: transmitting net purchase and redemption orders; maintaining separate records for shareholders reflecting purchases, redemptions, and share balances; mailing shareholder confirmations and periodic statements; processing dividend payments; and telephone services in connection with the above. Under this AFP program, the funds paid the amounts set forth below in calendar year 2012.
Fund | Payment |
Blue Chip Growth FundAdvisor Class | $4,965,466 |
Blue Chip Growth FundR Class | 1,208,276 |
Capital Appreciation FundAdvisor Class | 1,375,662 |
Capital Opportunity FundAdvisor Class | 21,592 |
Capital Opportunity FundR Class | 15,031 |
Dividend Growth FundAdvisor Class | 571,228 |
150
Fund | Payment |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond FundAdvisor Class | 524 |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond FundAdvisor Class | 944 |
Equity Income FundAdvisor Class | 8,395,460 |
Equity Income FundR Class | 1,682,895 |
Floating Rate FundAdvisor Class | 5,584 |
Global Allocation FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Global Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | 1,871 |
Global Infrastructure FundAdvisor Class | 1,237 |
Global Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | 14,887 |
Global Stock FundAdvisor Class | 4,461 |
Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | 8,487,412 |
Growth Stock FundR Class | 4,625,161 |
High Yield FundAdvisor Class | 6,357,670 |
International Bond FundAdvisor Class | 1,261,811 |
International Growth & Income FundAdvisor Class | 560,892 |
International Growth & Income FundR Class | 264,183 |
International Stock FundAdvisor Class | 945,987 |
International Stock FundR Class | 27,001 |
Mid-Cap Growth FundAdvisor Class | 3,737,217 |
Mid-Cap Growth FundR Class | 1,692,633 |
Mid-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | 2,196,014 |
Mid-Cap Value FundR Class | 1,855,292 |
New America Growth FundAdvisor Class | 1,846,358 |
New Income FundAdvisor Class | 201,873 |
New Income FundR Class | 62,257 |
Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | 1,052,800 |
Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Retirement 2005 FundR Class | (b) |
Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Retirement 2010 FundR Class | (b) |
Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Retirement 2015 FundR Class | (b) |
Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Retirement 2020 FundR Class | (b) |
Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Retirement 2025 FundR Class | (b) |
Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Retirement 2030 FundR Class | (b) |
Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Retirement 2035 FundR Class | (b) |
151
Fund | Payment |
Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Retirement 2040 FundR Class | (b) |
Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Retirement 2045 FundR Class | (b) |
Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Retirement 2050 FundR Class | (b) |
Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Retirement 2055 FundR Class | (b) |
Retirement Income FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Retirement Income FundR Class | (b) |
Science & Technology FundAdvisor Class | 1,527,144 |
Short-Term Bond FundAdvisor Class | 3,062,923 |
Small-Cap Stock FundAdvisor Class | 1,111,065 |
Small-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | 4,019,988 |
Strategic Income FundAdvisor Class | 4,110 |
Summit Municipal Income FundAdvisor Class | 326 |
Summit Municipal Intermediate FundAdvisor Class | 333 |
Target Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Tax-Free High Yield FundAdvisor Class | 1,625 |
Tax-Free Income FundAdvisor Class | 4,607,907 |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate FundAdvisor Class | 340 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core FundAdvisor Class | 1,079 |
Value FundAdvisor Class | 1,199,616 |
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
(b) Paid by underlying Price Funds pursuant to the Special Servicing Agreement.
Additional Payments to Financial Intermediaries and Other Third Parties (All funds)
In addition to the AFP payments made by certain funds and the 12b-1 payments made by the Advisor and R Class, T. Rowe Price and its affiliates may provide expense reimbursements and meeting and marketing support payments (out of their own resources and not as an expense of the funds) to financial intermediaries, such as brokers-dealers, registered investment advisers, banks, insurance companies, and retirement plan recordkeepers, in connection with the sale, distribution, marketing, and/or servicing of the Price Funds.
152
Such expense reimbursements and meeting support payments may include sponsoring (or co-sponsoring) or providing financial support for industry conferences, client seminars, due diligence meetings, sales presentations and other third-party sponsored events. The primary purpose of these events typically focuses on training and education. These payments will generally vary depending upon the nature of the event and may include financial assistance to intermediaries that enable T. Rowe Price or one of its affiliates to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, and certain entertainment expenses (such as occasional meal expenses or tickets to sporting events that are not preconditioned on achievement of sales targets). Marketing support payments may be made for a variety of purposes, including but not limited to: advertising and marketing opportunities; building brand awareness and educating intermediaries, clients, and prospects about the Price Funds; placement on an intermediarys list of offered funds or preferred fund list; gaining access to senior management, sales representatives, or wholesalers of an intermediary; receiving detailed reporting packages (such as periodic sales reporting, sales production results, and data on how T. Rowe Price products, including the Price Funds, are used); and inclusion as a recommended individual retirement account provider on the platform of rollover service providers. Payments may also be made to third parties that help facilitate rollovers from employer-sponsored retirement plans to individual retirement accounts.
The receipt of, or the prospect of receiving, these payments and expense reimbursements from T. Rowe Price and its affiliates may influence intermediaries and other third parties to recommend the Price Funds over other investment options for which an intermediary does not receive additional compensation (or receives lower levels of additional compensation). However, these arrangements do not increase fund expenses and will not change the price that an investor pays for shares of the Price Funds or the amount that a Price Fund receives to invest on behalf of an investor.
Investment Services, a Maryland corporation formed in 1980 as a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price, serves as distributor for all T. Rowe Price mutual funds on a continuous basis. Investment Services is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA).
Investment Services is located at the same address as the funds and T. Rowe Price100 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.
Investment Services serves as distributor to the funds, pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement (Underwriting Agreement), which provides that the funds (other than the Single-Fee Funds) will pay all fees and expenses in connection with necessary state filings; preparing, setting in type, printing, and mailing of prospectuses and reports to shareholders; and issuing shares, including expenses of confirming purchase orders. For the Single-Fee Funds, the Underwriting Agreement provides that Investment Services will pay, or will arrange for others to pay, these fees and expenses.
The Underwriting Agreement also provides that Investment Services will pay all fees and expenses in connection with printing and distributing prospectuses and reports for use in offering and selling fund shares; preparing, setting in type, printing, and mailing all sales literature and advertising; Investment Services federal and state registrations as a broker-dealer; and offering and selling shares for each fund, except for those fees and expenses specifically assumed by the funds. Investment Services expenses are paid by T. Rowe Price.
Investment Services acts as the agent of the funds, in connection with the sale of fund shares in the various states in which Investment Services is qualified as a broker-dealer. Under the Underwriting Agreement, Investment Services accepts orders for fund shares at net asset value. Other than as described below with respect to the Advisor and R Class shares, no sales charges are paid by investors or the funds and no compensation is paid to Investment Services.
153
Advisor and R Class
Distribution and Shareholder Services Plan
The funds directors adopted a plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 with respect to each Advisor and R Class (the Class). Each plan provides that the Class may compensate Investment Services or such other persons as the funds or Investment Services designates, to finance any or all of the distribution, shareholder servicing, maintenance of shareholder accounts, and/or other administrative services with respect to Class shares. It is expected that most, if not all, payments under each plan will be made (either directly, or indirectly through Investment Services) to intermediaries other than Investment Services such as broker-dealers, banks, insurance companies, and retirement plan recordkeepers. Under each plan, the Advisor Class pays a fee at the annual rate of up to 0.25% of that classs average daily net assets and the R Class pays a fee at the annual rate of up to 0.50% of that classs average net daily assets. Normally, the full amount of the fee is paid to the intermediary on shares sold through that intermediary; however, a lesser amount may be paid. In addition, the fee may be split among intermediaries based on the level of services provided by each. Intermediaries may use the payments for, among other purposes, compensating employees engaged in sales and/or shareholder servicing of the Class, as well as for a wide variety of other purposes associated with supporting, distributing, and servicing Class shares. The amount of fees paid by a Class during any year may be more or less than the cost of distribution and other services provided to the Class and its investors. FINRA rules limit the amount of annual distribution and service fees that may be paid by a mutual fund and impose a ceiling on the cumulative distribution fees paid. The plan complies with these rules.
The plan requires that Investment Services provide, or cause to be provided, a quarterly written report identifying the amounts expended by each Class and the purposes for which such expenditures were made to the fund directors for their review.
Prior to approving the plan, the funds considered various factors relating to the implementation of the plan and determined that there is a reasonable likelihood that the plan will benefit each fund, its Class, and the Classs shareholders. The fund directors noted that to the extent the plan allows a fund to sell Class shares in markets to which it would not otherwise have access, the plan may result in additional sales of fund shares. This may enable a fund to achieve economies of scale that could reduce expenses. In addition, certain ongoing shareholder services may be provided more effectively by intermediaries with which shareholders have an existing relationship.
The plan is renewable from year to year with respect to each fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote of a majority of the fund directors and (2) by a vote of the majority of the funds independent directors cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount of fees paid by any Class thereunder unless such amendment is approved by a majority vote of the outstanding shares of such Class and by the fund directors in the manner prescribed by Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. The plan is terminable with respect to a Class at any time by a vote of a majority of the independent directors or by a majority vote of the outstanding shares in the Class.
Payments under the 12b-1 plans will still normally be made for funds that are closed to new investors. Such payments are made for the various services provided to existing investors by the intermediaries receiving such payments.
The following payments for the fiscal year indicated were made to intermediaries, including broker-dealers and insurance companies, for the distribution, shareholder servicing, maintenance of shareholder accounts, and/or other administrative services under the plan.
Fund | Fiscal
Year Ended |
Tax-Free High Yield FundAdvisor Class | $2,000 |
Tax-Free Income FundAdvisor Class | 2,920,000 |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate FundAdvisor Class | 1,000 |
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Fund | Fiscal
Year Ended |
Floating Rate FundAdvisor Class | $8,000 |
High Yield FundAdvisor Class | 3,418,000 |
New Income FundAdvisor Class | 139,000 |
New Income FundR Class | 44,000 |
Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class | 121,000 |
Retirement 2005 FundR Class | 366,000 |
Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class | 1,886,000 |
Retirement 2010 FundR Class | 2,335,000 |
Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class | 1,332,000 |
Retirement 2015 FundR Class | 1,514,000 |
Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class | 5,717,000 |
Retirement 2020 FundR Class | 7,578,000 |
Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class | 1,897,000 |
Retirement 2025 FundR Class | 2,236,000 |
Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class | 5,039,000 |
Retirement 2030 FundR Class | 7,208,000 |
Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class | 1,364,000 |
Retirement 2035 FundR Class | 1,673,000 |
Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class | 3,670,000 |
Retirement 2040 FundR Class | 4,924,000 |
Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class | 740,000 |
Retirement 2045 FundR Class | 947,000 |
Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class | 914,000 |
Retirement 2050 FundR Class | 1,431,000 |
Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class | 110,000 |
Retirement 2055 FundR Class | 159,000 |
Retirement Income FundAdvisor Class | 794,000 |
Retirement Income FundR Class | 1,438,000 |
Short-Term Bond FundAdvisor Class | 1,777,000 |
Strategic Income FundAdvisor Class | 4,000 |
Target Retirement 2005 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2010 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2015 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2020 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2025 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2030 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2035 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2040 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2045 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
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Fund | Fiscal
Year Ended |
Target Retirement 2050 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Target Retirement 2055 FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended |
Global Allocation FundAdvisor Class | (a) |
Global Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | 2,000 |
Global Infrastructure FundAdvisor Class | $1,000 |
Global Stock FundAdvisor Class | 3,000 |
International Growth & Income FundAdvisor Class | 372,000 |
International Growth & Income FundR Class | 200,000 |
International Stock FundAdvisor Class | 577,000 |
International Stock FundR Class | 18,000 |
Summit Municipal Income FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
Summit Municipal Intermediate FundAdvisor Class | (b) |
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
(b) Less than $1,000.
Fund | Fiscal
Year Ended |
Blue Chip Growth FundAdvisor Class | $3,083,000 |
Blue Chip Growth FundR Class | 891,000 |
Capital Appreciation FundAdvisor Class | 871,000 |
Capital Opportunity FundAdvisor Class | 14,000 |
Capital Opportunity FundR Class | 13,000 |
Dividend Growth FundAdvisor Class | 361,000 |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond FundAdvisor Class | 1,000 |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond FundAdvisor Class | 1,000 |
Equity Income FundAdvisor Class | 5,133,000 |
Equity Income FundR Class | 1,312,000 |
Global Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | 9,000 |
Growth Stock FundAdvisor Class | 5,402,000 |
Growth Stock FundR Class | 3,599,000 |
International Bond FundAdvisor Class | 831,000 |
Mid-Cap Growth FundAdvisor Class | 2,284,000 |
Mid-Cap Growth FundR Class | 1,314,000 |
Mid-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | 1,431,000 |
Mid-Cap Value FundR Class | 1,439,000 |
New America Growth FundAdvisor Class | 1,125,000 |
Real Estate FundAdvisor Class | 659,000 |
Science & Technology FundAdvisor Class | 956,000 |
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Fund | Fiscal
Year Ended |
Small-Cap Stock FundAdvisor Class | 696,000 |
Small-Cap Value FundAdvisor Class | 2,539,000 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core FundAdvisor Class | 1,000 |
Value FundAdvisor Class | 738,000 |
Investment or Brokerage Discretion
Decisions with respect to the selection, purchase, and sale of portfolio securities on behalf of the international Price Funds are generally made by T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, or Price Singapore. Decisions with respect to the selection, purchase, and sale of portfolio securities on behalf of all other Price Funds are generally made by T. Rowe Price. T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong and Price Singapore are responsible for implementing these decisions for the Price Funds, including, where applicable, the negotiation of commissions, the allocation of portfolio brokerage and principal business, and the use of affiliates to assist in routing orders for execution. Price Singapore delegates actual trade execution to the trading desks of T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, or Price Hong Kong, and may use these affiliated investment advisers for certain other trading-related services.
How Broker-Dealers Are Selected
With respect to equity and debt securities, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, or Price Singapore may effect principal transactions on behalf of a fund with a broker-dealer that furnishes brokerage and/or research services; designate any such broker-dealer to receive selling concessions, discounts, or other allowances; or otherwise deal with any such broker-dealer in connection with the acquisition of securities in underwritings. T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, or Price Singapore may receive research services in connection with brokerage transactions, including designations in fixed-price offerings.
Debt Securities
In purchasing and selling debt securities, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore ordinarily place transactions with the issuer or a primary market-maker acting as principal for the securities on a net basis, with no stated brokerage commission being paid by the client, although the price usually includes undisclosed compensation to the market-maker. Debt securities may also be purchased from underwriters at prices which include underwriting fees. Any transactions placed through broker-dealers serving as primary market-makers reflect the spread between the bid and ask prices.
Equity Securities
In purchasing and selling equity securities, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore seek to obtain best execution at favorable security prices through responsible broker-dealers and, in the case of agency transactions, at competitive commission rates. However, under certain conditions, higher brokerage commissions may be paid to broker-dealers providing brokerage and research services to T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, and Price Hong Kong than might be paid to other broker-dealers in accordance with Section 28(e) under the 1934 Act.
In selecting broker-dealers to execute the Price Funds portfolio transactions, consideration is given to such factors as the price of the security, the rate of the commission, the size and difficulty of the order, the reliability, integrity, general execution, and operational capabilities of competing broker-dealers, their expertise in particular markets, and brokerage and research services provided by them. It is not the policy of
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T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, or Price Hong Kong to seek the lowest available commission rate where it is believed that a broker-dealer charging a higher commission rate would offer greater reliability or provide better price or more efficient execution.
As a general practice, transactions involving U.S. equity securities are executed in the primary market with market-makers, or through electronic, low touch trading venues. In selecting from among these options, T. Rowe Price generally seeks to select the broker-dealers or electronic venue it believes to be actively and effectively trading the security being purchased or sold. In an effort to obtain best execution, orders for foreign equity securities may be placed through T. Rowe Price Internationals or Price Hong Kongs trading desk.
Transactions on stock exchanges involve the payment of brokerage commissions. In transactions on stock exchanges in the U.S., these commissions are negotiated. Traditionally, commission rates have generally not been negotiated on stock markets outside the U.S. However, an increasing number of overseas stock markets have adopted a system of negotiated rates or ranges of rates, although a small number of markets continue to be subject to an established schedule of minimum commission rates. It is expected that equity securities will ordinarily be purchased in the primary markets, whether over-the-counter (OTC) or listed, and that listed securities may be purchased in the OTC market if such market is deemed the primary market. In the case of securities traded on the OTC markets, there is generally no stated commission, but the price usually includes an undisclosed commission or markup. In underwritten offerings, the price includes a disclosed, fixed commission or discount.
Evaluating the Overall Reasonableness of Brokerage Commissions Paid
On a continuing basis, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore seek to determine what levels of commission rates are reasonable in the marketplace for transactions executed on behalf of mutual funds and other institutional clients. In evaluating the reasonableness of commission rates, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore may consider any or all of the following: (a) rates quoted by broker-dealers; (b) the size of a particular transaction, in terms of the number of shares, dollar amount, and number of clients involved; (c) the complexity of a particular transaction in terms of both execution and settlement; (d) the level and type of business conducted with a particular firm over a period of time; (e) the extent to which the broker-dealer has capital at risk in the transaction; (f) historical commission rates; and (g) rates paid by other institutional investors based on available public information.
Commissions Paid to Broker-Dealers for Research
Broker-dealers provide a wide range of research services to T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore.
T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore seek best execution on all trades consistent with fiduciary and regulatory requirements. T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore have adopted a brokerage allocation policy embodying the concepts of Section 28(e) under the 1934 Act. Section 28(e) permits an investment adviser to cause an account to pay a higher commission to a broker-dealer that also provides research services than the commission another broker-dealer would charge, provided the adviser determines in good faith that the commission paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided. An adviser may make such a determination based upon either the particular transaction involved or the overall responsibilities of the adviser with respect to the accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. Therefore, research may not necessarily benefit all accounts paying commissions to such broker-dealers. Broker-dealers may provide proprietary research to T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore in connection with brokerage relationships, including fixed income offerings.
Certain full service broker-dealers (broker-dealers who provide brokerage and execution services) also furnish bundled proprietary research services to T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore. Bundled research involves an arrangement whereby the underlying commission is informally comprised of both trade execution and other services, most frequently investment research that is
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intended to assist T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and/or Price Singapore with their internal research processes. Such services are typically not offered on a stand-alone basis by broker-dealers. Proprietary research may include research from an affiliate of the broker-dealer and services that provide access to unaffiliated industry experts. T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore may use full service brokers either directly or through very limited use of step-outs or similar transactions with other brokers. Step-out trades, however, are not used to obtain research.
In addition, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore may use equity brokerage commissions to acquire third party research from independent research providers and broker-dealers through commission-sharing arrangements (CSAs). While Price Singapore does not currently participate in the CSA program, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, and Price Hong Kong maintain CSAs with broker-dealers used for a percentage of low touch commission business. We generally effect low touch trading through broker-dealers electronic venues. We confine the use of CSA credits to obtain only research designed to assist in the investment decision-making process. Our current practice is to not acquire market data services, index data, software and other items with commission dollars, although some of those items are permitted under the SECs guidance. Not all clients participate in the CSA program but the research received through such program is intended to assist T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore with its investment decision making responsibilities regarding its clients overall.
Proprietary and independent third-party research is an important component of T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapores investment approach. However, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore rely primarily upon their own research efforts and subject any outside research services to internal analysis before incorporating such outside research into the investment process. As a practical matter, it would not be possible for T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore to generate all the information and varied opinions provided by broker-dealers. To the extent that broker-dealers provide research services of value, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore are relieved of expenses which they might otherwise bear.
Broker-dealers and independent research providers generally supply the following types of research to T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore: information on the economy, industries, groups of securities, individual companies, statistical information, accounting and tax law interpretations, political developments, legal developments affecting portfolio securities, technical market action, pricing and appraisal services, credit analysis, risk measurement analysis, performance analysis, and analysis of corporate responsibility issues. The research incorporates both domestic and international perspectives. Research services are received primarily in the form of written reports, computer generated data, telephone contacts, and personal meetings with security analysts, corporate and industry executives, and other persons. In addition, research may include the provision of access to unaffiliated individuals with expertise in various industries, businesses, or other related areas. T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore may receive complimentary and customary fixed income research from various broker-dealers, including broker-dealers with whom fixed income transactions are carried out in accordance with T. Rowe Prices, T. Rowe Price Internationals, Price Hong Kongs, and Price Singapores best execution obligations. Such research, however, is not contingent upon specific trades with the providing broker-dealer. Some research may be incorporated into firm-wide systems or communications thereby allowing, in some instances, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore to access research obtained through commissions generated by an affiliated investment adviser.
At the present time, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore do not recapture commissions, underwriting discounts, or selling-group concessions in connection with debt securities acquired in underwritten offerings. T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore may, however, have the opportunity to designate a portion of the underwriting spread to broker-dealers that participate in the offering.
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Directed Brokerage
The Price Funds that invest in U.S. equity securities have adopted a commission recapture program. Under the program, a percentage of commissions generated by the portfolio transactions of those funds is rebated to the funds by the broker-dealers and credited to short-term security gain/loss. Although the Price Funds do not recapture commissions in connection with debt securities acquired in underwritten offerings, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore may have the opportunity to designate a portion of the underwriting spread to broker-dealers that participate in the offering.
Allocation of Brokerage Commissions
T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore have policies of not pre-committing a specific amount of business to any broker-dealer over any specific time period. Historically, brokerage placement has been determined, as appropriate, by the needs of a specific transaction such as market-making, availability of a buyer or seller of a particular security, or specialized execution skills. T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore may choose to allocate brokerage among several broker-dealers that are able to meet the needs of the transaction.
As an ongoing process, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore assess the contributions of the brokerage and research services provided by major broker-dealers and independent research providers in connection with equity transactions, and create a ranking of such broker-dealers. Portfolio managers, research analysts, and the trading department each evaluate the brokerage, execution, and research services they receive from broker-dealers and independent research providers and make judgments as to the quality of such services. In addition, smaller specialty broker-dealers and independent research providers are targeted to receive a suggested dollar amount of equity business based on an assessment of services they provide, subject to the fiduciary duties of T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore to seek best execution. Actual commissions received by any firm may not reflect such rankings or suggested targets because brokerage business is allocated on the basis of multiple factors considered in seeking best execution. Accordingly, commission business may be less than the ranking or suggested target but may also often exceed such suggestions. T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore do not exclude a broker-dealer from receiving business because the broker-dealer does not provide research services. Price Singapore uses low touch or execution-only brokers where deemed appropriate.
Allocation of brokerage business is monitored on a regularly scheduled basis by appropriate personnel and the Equity Brokerage and Trading Control Committee. The Fixed Income Brokerage and Trading Control Committee provides similar monitoring and oversight with regard to fixed income trading.
Trade Allocation Policies
T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, and Price Hong Kong have developed written trade allocation guidelines for their trading desks. Generally, when the amount of securities available in a public or initial offering or the secondary markets is insufficient to satisfy the volume or price requirements for the participating client portfolios, the guidelines require a pro-rata allocation based upon the relative sizes of the participating client portfolios or the relative sizes of the participating client orders, depending upon the market involved. In allocating trades made on a combined basis, the trading desks seek to achieve the same net unit price of the securities for each participating client. Because a pro-rata allocation may not always adequately accommodate all facts and circumstances, the guidelines provide for exceptions to allocate trades on an adjusted basis, which may include a system-generated random allocation. For example, adjustments may be made: (i) to eliminate de minimis positions or satisfy minimum denomination requirements; (ii) to give priority to accounts with specialized investment policies and objectives; and (iii) to reallocate in light of a participating portfolios characteristics (e.g., available cash, industry or issuer concentration, duration, credit exposure). With respect to any private placement transactions, conditions imposed by the issuer or client may limit availability of allocations to client accounts.
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Miscellaneous
The brokerage allocation policies for T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore are generally applied to all of their fully discretionary accounts, which represent a substantial majority of all assets under management. Research services furnished by broker-dealers through which T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, or Price Singapore effect securities transactions may be used in servicing all accounts (including non-Price Funds) managed by T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong or Price Singapore. Therefore, research services received from broker-dealers that execute transactions for a particular fund will not necessarily be used by T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, or Price Singapore in connection with the management of that fund. The Price Funds do not allocate business to any broker-dealer on the basis of its sales of the funds shares. However, this does not mean that broker-dealers who purchase fund shares for their clients will not receive business from the fund.
Since certain clients of T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore could have similar investment objectives and programs to those of a particular Price Fund, T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, or Price Singapore may make recommendations to other clients that result in their purchasing or selling securities simultaneously with the fund. As a result, the demand for securities being purchased or the supply of securities being sold may increase, and this could have an adverse effect on the price of those securities. It is the policy of T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore not to favor one client over another in making recommendations or in placing orders. T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore frequently follow the practice of grouping orders of various clients for execution. Clients should be aware, however, that the grouping of their orders with other clients orders may sometimes result in a more favorable price and at other times may result in a less favorable price than if the client orders had not been grouped. Where an aggregate order is executed in a series of transactions at various prices on a given day, each participating clients proportionate share of such order will reflect the average price paid or received with respect to the total order.
T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore, as applicable, may also include orders on behalf of the Price Funds (including affiliated common trust funds), T. Rowe Price Savings Bank, and not-for-profit entities, T. Rowe Price Foundation, Inc. and the T. Rowe Price Program for Charitable Giving, Inc., in its aggregated orders from time to time.
T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore may give advice and take action for clients, including the Price Funds, which differs from advice given or the timing or nature of action taken for other clients. T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore are not obligated to initiate transactions for clients in any security that their principals, affiliates, or employees may purchase or sell for their own accounts or for other clients.
Purchase and sale transactions may be effected directly among and between non-ERISA client accounts (including affiliated mutual funds), provided no commission is paid to any broker-dealer, the security traded has readily available market quotations, and the transaction is effected at the independent current market price.
The Equity and Fixed Income Brokerage and Trading Control Committees are responsible for developing brokerage policies, monitoring their implementation, and resolving any questions that arise in connection with these policies for T. Rowe Price, T. Rowe Price International, Price Hong Kong, and Price Singapore.
T. Rowe Price and its affiliated investment advisers have established a general investment policy that they will ordinarily not make additional purchases of a common stock for their clients (including the Price Funds) if, as a result of such purchases, 10% or more of the outstanding common stock of the issuer would be held by clients in the aggregate. Approval may be given for aggregate ownership up to 18%, and in certain instances, higher amounts. All aggregate ownership decisions are reviewed by the appropriate oversight committee. For purposes of monitoring both of these limits, securities held by clients and clients of affiliated advisers are included.
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Total Brokerage Commissions
The Price Funds bond investments are generally purchased and sold through principal transactions, meaning that a fund normally purchases bonds directly from the issuer or a primary market-maker acting as principal for the bonds, on a net basis. As a result, there is no explicit brokerage commission paid on these transactions, although purchases of new issues from underwriters of bonds typically include a commission or concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter and purchases from dealers serving as market-makers typically include a dealers mark-up (i.e., a spread between the bid and the asked prices). Explicit brokerage commissions are paid, however, in connection with opening and closing out futures positions. In addition, the funds do not incur any brokerage commissions when buying and selling shares of other Price Funds or another open-end mutual fund that is not exchange-traded, although a fund will pay brokerage commissions if it purchases or sells shares of an exchange-traded fund.
The following tables show the approximate total amount of brokerage commissions paid by each fund for its prior three fiscal years. Since bond purchases do not normally involve the payment of explicit brokerage commissions, the tables generally reflect only the brokerage commissions paid on transactions involving equity securities and futures, if applicable.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
2/28/13 | 2/29/12 | 2/28/11 | |
California Tax-Free Bond | $0 | $86,000 | $129,000 |
California Tax-Free Money | 0 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 0 | (a) | (a) |
Georgia Tax-Free Bond | 0 | 54,000 | 63,000 |
High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 0 | (a) | (a) |
Investment-Grade Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 0 | (a) | (a) |
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | 0 | 25,000 | 17,000 |
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | 0 | 149,000 | 498,000 |
Maryland Tax-Free Money | 0 | 0 | 1,000 |
Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 0 | (a) | (a) |
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond | 0 | 56,000 | 113,000 |
New York Tax-Free Bond | 0 | 155,000 | 77,000 |
New York Tax-Free Money | 0 | 0 | 2,000 |
Tax-Efficient Equity | 14,000 | 33,000 | 19,000 |
Tax-Exempt Money | 0 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
Tax-Free High Yield | 0 | 473,000 | 933,000 |
Tax-Free Income | 0 | 405,000 | 1,495,000 |
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate | 0 | 409,000 | 311,000 |
Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Virginia Tax-Free Bond | 0 | 85,000 | 278,000 |
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
5/31/13 | 5/31/12 | 5/31/11 | |
Corporate Income | $2,000 | $556,000 | $1,103,000 |
Floating Rate | 0 | 158,000 | (a) |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
5/31/13 | 5/31/12 | 5/31/11 | |
GNMA | 30,000 | 108,000 | 71,000 |
TRP Government Reserve Investment | 0 | 0 | 0 |
High Yield | 359,000 | 21,312,000 | 37,777,000 |
Inflation Focused Bond | 12,000 | 365,000 | 353,000 |
Inflation Protected Bond | 5,000 | 9,000 | 9,000 |
Institutional Core Plus | 4,000 | 43,000 | 63,000 |
Institutional Floating Rate | 0 | 6,361,000 | 8,475,000 |
Institutional Global Multi-Sector Bond | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Institutional High Yield | 80,000 | 5,657,000 | 6,153,000 |
Institutional Long Duration Credit | (a) | (a) | (a) |
New Income | 605,000 | 4,889,000 | 6,086,000 |
Personal Strategy Balanced | 430,000 | 671,000 | 795,000 |
Personal Strategy Growth | 386,000 | 525,000 | 639,000 |
Personal Strategy Income | 195,000 | 314,000 | 363,000 |
Prime Reserve | 0 | 0 | 0 |
TRP Reserve Investment | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retirement 2005 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retirement 2010 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retirement 2015 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retirement 2020 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retirement 2025 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retirement 2030 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retirement 2035 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retirement 2040 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retirement 2045 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retirement 2050 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retirement 2055 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retirement Income | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Short-Term Bond | 43,000 | 2,330,000 | 2,454,000 |
Short-Term Government Reserve | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Short-Term Reserve | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Strategic Income | 18,000 | 88,000 | 289,000 |
Target Retirement 2005 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2010 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2015 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2020 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2025 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2030 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2035 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2040 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2045 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
5/31/13 | 5/31/12 | 5/31/11 | |
Target Retirement 2050 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Target Retirement 2055 | (a) | (a) | (a) |
U.S. Treasury Intermediate | 15,000 | 18,000 | 18,000 |
U.S. Treasury Long-Term | 0 | 13,000 | 14,000 |
U.S. Treasury Money | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ultra Short-Term Bond | 0 | (a) | (a) |
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
10/31/12 | 10/31/11 | 10/31/10 | |
Africa & Middle East | $372,000 | $925,000 | $940,000 |
Emerging Europe | 265,000 | 904,000 | 862,000 |
Emerging Markets Stock | 4,854,000 | 4,605,000 | 4,575,000 |
European Stock | 773,000 | 980,000 | 1,042,000 |
Global Allocation | (a) | (a) | (a) |
Global Growth Stock | 113,000 | 118,000 | 87,000 |
Global Infrastructure | 24,000 | 38,000 | 27,000 |
Global Stock | 748,000 | 973,000 | 1,127,000 |
Institutional Africa & Middle East | 376,000 | 739,000 | 364,000 |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity | 12,000 | 9,000 | 4,000 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity | 671,000 | 821,000 | 505,000 |
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity | 223,000 | 246,000 | 282,000 |
Institutional Global Growth Equity | 127,000 | 124,000 | 81,000 |
Institutional Global Value Equity | 3,000 | (a) | (a) |
Institutional International Core Equity | 19,000 | 18,000 | 2,000 |
Institutional International Growth Equity | 79,000 | 106,000 | 94,000 |
International Discovery | 2,413,000 | 4,108,000 | 4,165,000 |
International Equity Index | 35,000 | 107,000 | 36,000 |
International Growth & Income | 3,771,000 | 2,956,000 | 2,011,000 |
International Stock | 8,685,000 | 10,042,000 | 8,578,000 |
Japan | 222,000 | 306,000 | 270,000 |
Latin America | 1,698,000 | 2,223,000 | 2,589,000 |
New Asia | 5,137,000 | 12,677,000 | 9,715,000 |
Overseas Stock | 1,521,000 | 1,666,000 | 1,113,000 |
Summit Cash Reserves | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Summit GNMA | 0 | 11,000 | 7,000 |
Summit Municipal Income | 0 | 182,000 | 392,000 |
Summit Municipal Intermediate | 0 | 199,000 | 878,000 |
164
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
10/31/12 | 10/31/11 | 10/31/10 | |
Summit Municipal Money Market | 0 | 0 | 0 |
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | 0 | 150,000 | 127,000 |
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
12/31/12 | 12/31/11 | 12/31/10 | |
Balanced | $851,000 | $1,265,000 | $1,294,000 |
Blue Chip Growth | 3,187,000 | 4,984,000 | 5,311,000 |
Capital Appreciation | 5,276,000 | 13,979,000 | 11,154,000 |
Capital Opportunity | 189,000 | 173,000 | 153,000 |
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | 35,000 | 176,000 | 49,000 |
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | 95,000 | 56,000 | 34,000 |
Dividend Growth | 325,000 | 305,000 | 499,000 |
Emerging Markets Bond | 0 | 1,000 | 6,000 |
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond | 0 | (a) | (a) |
Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 0 | (a) | (a) |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | 0 | 0 | (a) |
Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 0 | (a) | (a) |
Equity Income | 4,734,000 | 5,232,000 | 4,254,000 |
Equity Index 500 | 366,000 | 720,000 | 761,000 |
Extended Equity Market Index | 63,000 | 56,000 | 51,000 |
Financial Services | 241,000 | 396,000 | 901,000 |
Global Industrials | (b) | (b) | (b) |
Global Real Estate | 38,000 | 433,000 | 569,000 |
Global Technology | 2,083,000 | 1,526,000 | 992,000 |
Growth & Income | 135,000 | 10,107,000 | 5,849,000 |
Growth Stock | 8,772,000 | 8,104,000 | 9,070,000 |
Health Sciences | 1,662,000 | 1,415,000 | 1,639,000 |
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond | 0 | (a) | (a) |
Institutional International Bond | 0 | (a) | (a) |
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth | 80,000 | 95,000 | 77,000 |
Institutional Large-Cap Growth | 1,886,000 | 2,187,000 | 1,610,000 |
Institutional Large-Cap Value | 271,000 | 230,000 | 146,000 |
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth | 1,476,000 | 1,654,000 | 555,000 |
Institutional Small-Cap Stock | 386,000 | 554,000 | 499,000 |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research | 273,000 | 352,000 | 279,000 |
International Bond | 0 | (a) | (a) |
Media & Telecommunications | 1,734,000 | 6,599,000 | 5,074,000 |
Mid-Cap Growth | 8,998,000 | 13,732,000 | 11,744,000 |
165
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | ||
12/31/12 | 12/31/11 | 12/31/10 | |
Mid-Cap Value | 7,436,000 | 8,340,000 | 11,430,000 |
New America Growth | 1,541,000 | 1,792,000 | 901,000 |
New Era | 3,253,000 | 3,700,000 | 2,625,000 |
New Horizons | 4,863,000 | 16,444,000 | 13,013,000 |
Real Assets | 1,905,000 | 2,135,000 | 903,000 |
Real Estate | 605,000 | 1,061,000 | 3,658,000 |
Science & Technology | 2,864,000 | 5,245,000 | 4,218,000 |
Small-Cap Stock | 2,896,000 | 6,908,000 | 7,812,000 |
Small-Cap Value | 741,000 | 1,312,000 | 5,206,000 |
Spectrum Growth | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Spectrum Income | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Spectrum International | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Total Equity Market Index | 29,000 | 37,000 | 38,000 |
U.S. Large-Cap Core | 23,000 | 22,000 | 9,000 |
Value | 9,665,000 | 6,089,000 | 7,044,000 |
(a) Less than $1,000.
(b) Prior to commencement of operations.
Fund Holdings in Securities of Brokers and Dealers
The following lists the funds holdings in securities of its regular brokers and dealers as of the end of the fiscal years indicated.
(Amounts in 000s)
California Tax-Free Bond Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 2/28/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $2,490 |
California Tax-Free Money Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 2/28/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JP Morgan Chase | | $2,000 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 3,000 |
Georgia Tax-Free Bond Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 2/28/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Wells Fargo Securities | | $750 |
166
Investment-Grade Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio
Fiscal Year Ended 2/28/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $262 |
Barclays Capital | | 106 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 54 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 274 |
JP Morgan Chase | | 217 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | | 278 |
Maryland Tax-Free Money Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 2/28/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JP Morgan Chase | | $570 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 2,800 |
New York Tax-Free Bond Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 2/28/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | $2,383 |
New York Tax-Free Money Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 2/28/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JPMorgan Chase | | $2,000 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 4,300 |
Tax-Exempt Money Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 2/28/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JPMorgan Chase | | $59,235 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 81,760 |
Tax-Free High Yield Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 2/28/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $41,845 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 56,168 |
Tax-Free Income Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 2/28/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $9,170 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 26,898 |
167
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 2/28/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $12,990 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 14,365 |
Corporate Income Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $17,627 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 9,070 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 13,142 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 15,891 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | | 16,497 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 2,829 |
Floating Rate Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $243 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 301 |
Greenwich Capital Markets | | 643 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 278 |
GNMA Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | $28 | |
TRP Government Reserve Investment Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $14,000 |
Barclays Capital | | 36,000 |
BNP Paribas | | 69,000 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 173,000 |
CS First Boston Corp. | | 63,563 |
Deutsche Bank Securities | | 19,000 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 19,000 |
Greenwich Capital Markets | | 69,000 |
HSBC Securities Inc. | | 124,000 |
High Yield Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $7,421 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 10,115 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 6,460 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 6,647 |
168
Inflation Focused Bond Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $44,214 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 16,013 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 27,357 |
Greenwich Capital Markets | | 1,290 |
HSBC Securities Inc. | | 17,649 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 26,222 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | | 38,562 |
UBS Securities, Inc. | | 13,727 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 742 |
Inflation Protected Bond Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $1,019 |
Barclays Capital | | 1,364 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 1,219 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 1,032 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | | 1,303 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 1,311 |
Institutional Core Plus Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $2,467 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 493 |
CS First Boston Corp. | | 217 |
Deutsche Bank Securities | | 166 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 1,895 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 3,635 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | | 2,760 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 478 |
Institutional Floating Rate Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $5,706 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 5,728 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 3,540 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | | 9,551 |
Institutional High Yield Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $2,110 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 2,876 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 5,635 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 1,890 |
169
New Income Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $312,164 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 36,558 |
CS First Boston Corp. | | 21,922 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 185,491 |
Greenwich Capital Markets | | 11,152 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 405,742 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | | 378,898 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 12,314 |
Personal Strategy Balanced Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | $4,935 | $7,450 |
Barclays Capital | 3,897 | |
Citibank | 6,156 | |
CS First Boston Corp. | 2,044 | |
Deutsche Bank Securities | 1,434 | |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | 1,134 | 3,190 |
JPMorgan Chase | 17,965 | 8,443 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | 7,198 | 4,242 |
Paribas | 1,724 | |
UBS Financial Services | | 2,120 |
Personal Strategy Growth Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | $4,500 | $2,958 |
Barclays Capital | 3,553 | |
Citigroup | 5,558 | |
CS First Boston Corp. | 1,848 | |
Deutsche Bank Securities | 1,360 | |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | 1,021 | 992 |
JPMorgan Chase | 16,322 | 2,686 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | 6,563 | 1,298 |
Paribas | 1,571 | |
UBS Financial Services | | 961 |
170
Personal Strategy Income Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | $2,162 | $6,024 |
Barclays Capital | 1,733 | |
Citigroup | 2,740 | |
CS First Boston Corp. | 940 | |
Deutsche Bank Securities | 644 | |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | 502 | 2,103 |
JPMorgan Chase | 7,856 | 7,355 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | 3,162 | 3,050 |
Paribas | 701 | |
UBS Financial Services | | 1,379 |
Prime Reserve Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Greenwich Capital Markets | | $51,000 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 90,755 |
TRP Reserve Investment Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $133,000 |
Barclays Capital | | 378,000 |
BNP Paribas | | 252,000 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 114,000 |
CS First Boston Corp. | | 229,933 |
Deutsche Bank Securities | | 711,000 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 385,000 |
Greenwich Capital Markets | | 252,000 |
HSBC Securities Inc. | | 508,000 |
Short-Term Bond Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | $71,212 |
Barclays Capital | | 33,214 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 52,398 |
Deutsche Bank Securities | | 4,472 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 72,538 |
Greenwich Capital Markets | | 13,239 |
HSBC Securities Inc. | | 40,507 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 77,459 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | | 111,503 |
Wells Fargo Securities | 40,413 |
171
Short-Term Reserve Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
BNP Paribas | | $25,000 |
CS First Boston Corp. | | 22,518 |
Strategic Income Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank Of America Merrill Lynch | $267 | $2,336 |
Barclays Capital | | 424 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 763 |
CS First Boston Corp. | | 43 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 819 |
Greenwich Capital Markets | | 44 |
HSBC Securities Inc. | | 294 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 1,469 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | | 2,153 |
Ultra Short-Term Bond Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank Of America Merrill Lynch | | $647 |
Barclays Capital | | 1,282 |
BNP Paribas | | 739 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 1,672 |
Deutsche Bank Securities | | 1,138 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 739 |
HSBC Securities Inc. | | 990 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 1,396 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | | 861 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 1,535 |
U.S. Treasury Money Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 5/31/13 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank Of America Merrill Lynch | | $36,000 |
Barclays Capital | | 93,000 |
BNP Paribas | | 85,000 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 213,000 |
CS First Boston Corp. | | 28,000 |
Deutsche Bank Securities | | 65,000 |
Goldman Sachs & Co. | | 65,000 |
HSBC Securities Inc. | | 179,000 |
JPMorgan Chase | | 51,000 |
Toronto Dominion Securities | | 92,000 |
172
Africa & Middle East Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | $2,880 | |
Morgan Stanley | 3,597 | |
Deutsche Bank Securities | 6,656 | |
HSBC Brokerage | 13,836 | |
Citigroup Global Markets | | $6,952 |
European Stock Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
UBS Investment Bank | $8,044 | |
Global Growth Stock Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | $590 | |
JPMorgan Chase | 938 | |
Goldman Sachs | 416 | |
CS First Boston | 336 | |
Global Stock Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JPMorgan Chase | $4,835 | |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | 7,773 | $172 |
Goldman Sachs | 2,436 | |
CS First Boston | 5,369 | 195 |
Institutional Africa & Middle East Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Morgan Stanley | $3,493 | |
Deutsche Bank Securities | 6,259 | |
HSBC Brokerage | 12,863 | |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | 2,889 | |
Citibank | 6,558 | |
Institutional Concentrated International Equity Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
HSBC Brokerage | $104 | |
CS First Boston | 133 | |
173
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JPMorgan Chase | $1,655 | |
Goldman Sachs | 808 | |
CS First Boston | 1,791 | |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | 2,594 | |
Institutional Global Growth Equity Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JPMorgan Chase | $1,504 | |
CS First Boston | 558 | |
Goldman Sachs | 698 | |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | 964 | |
Institutional Global Value Equity Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JPMorgan Chase | $165 | |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | 52 | |
CS First Boston | 113 | |
Institutional International Core Equity Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Deutsche Bank | $203 | |
Barclays Capital | 777 | |
Institutional International Growth Equity Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
HSBC Brokerage | $522 | |
CS First Boston | 1,432 | $90 |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | | 80 |
International Discovery Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | | $7,879 |
CS First Boston | | 8,887 |
174
International Equity Index Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
HSBC Brokerage | $5,722 | |
CS First Boston | 943 | $876 |
UBS Investment Bank | 1,810 | |
Macquarie Equities | 381 | |
Barclays Capital | 1,409 | |
Deutsche Bank Securities | 331 | |
International Growth & Income Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | | $2,931 |
Deutsche Bank Securities | $42,055 | |
CS First Boston | 63,977 | 3,307 |
Macquarie Equities | 42,257 | |
HSBC Brokerage | 49,184 | |
International Stock Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | | $7,491 |
CS First Boston | $153,485 | 8,449 |
Macquarie Equities | 56,554 | |
HSBC Brokerage | 56,004 | |
Japan Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | | $784 |
CS First Boston | | 884 |
Latin America Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | | $1,103 |
CS First Boston | | 1,244 |
New Asia Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | | $2,651 |
CS First Boston | | 2,991 |
175
Overseas Stock Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | - | $8,364 |
Deutsche Bank Securities | $16,065 | - |
CS First Boston | - | 9,435 |
Macquarie Equities | 29,724 | - |
Summit Cash Reserves Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JPMorgan Chase | | $59,095 |
Greenwich Capital Markets | | 40,000 |
Deutsche Bank Securities | | 50,000 |
UBS Investment Bank | | 14,616 |
Macquarie Equities | | 12,000 |
Summit GNMA Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JPMorgan Chase | | $534 |
Greenwich Capital Markets | | 1,750 |
Barclays Capital | | 1,706 |
CS First Boston | | 158 |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | | 171 |
UBS Securities | | 1,706 |
Summit Municipal Income Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JPMorgan Chase | | $15,400 |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | | 1,251 |
Goldman Sachs | | 3,027 |
Summit Municipal Intermediate Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JPMorgan Chase | | $4,100 |
Goldman Sachs | | 23,943 |
Wells Fargo | | 3,500 |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | | 12,940 |
Summit Municipal Money Market Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JPMorgan Chase | | $8,575 |
Wells Fargo | | 14,980 |
176
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
JPMorgan Chase | | $8,448 |
Citigroup Global Markets | | 7,382 |
Bank of America/Merrill Lynch | | 10,143 |
Barclays Capital | | 1,932 |
Goldman Sachs | | 6,797 |
Greenwich Capital Markets | | 1,686 |
Wells Fargo Securities | | 3,061 |
Morgan Stanley | | 13,667 |
CS First Boston | | 979 |
HSBC Brokerage | | 2,297 |
Deutsche Bank Securities | | 1,392 |
BNP Paribas | | 424 |
Balanced Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | $16,996 | $16,547 |
Goldman Sachs | 5,191 | 5,597 |
J.P. Morgan Chase | 26,444 | 19,037 |
CS First Boston Corp. | | 1,117 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | 6,876 | 4,485 |
Citigroup | 2,464 | 13,812 |
Deutsche Bank Securities | 1,903 | 8,415 |
Barclays Capital | 8,736 | 1,905 |
UBS Investment Bank | | 830 |
Blue Chip Growth Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
J.P. Morgan Chase | $22,460 | |
Goldman Sachs | 37,209 | |
Citigroup | 1,456 | |
Morgan Stanley | 6,683 | |
Capital Appreciation Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
J.P. Morgan Chase | $120,668 | |
Capital Opportunity Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
J.P. Morgan Chase | $5,655 | |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | 5,023 | |
Goldman Sachs | 2,832 | |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | 832 | |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | 2,053 | |
Wells Fargo Van Kasper | 4,394 | |
177
Dividend Growth Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
J.P. Morgan Chase | $45,091 | |
Goldman Sachs | 8,291 | |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | 5,023 | |
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
J.P. Morgan Chase | | $1,664 |
Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
J.P. Morgan Chase | | $1,664 |
Equity Income Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | $303,932 | |
Equity Index 500 Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Goldman Sachs | $68,350 | |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | 140,714 | |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | 32,100 | |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | 151,682 | |
J.P. Morgan Chase | 202,913 | |
Wells Fargo Van Kasper | 202,993 | |
Extended Equity Market Index Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Stifel Nicolaus | $366 | |
Financial Services Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
J.P. Morgan Chase | $17,298 | |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | 11,856 | |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | 7,828 | |
Goldman Sachs | 8,215 | |
CS First Boston | 4,357 | |
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Growth & Income Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | $11,895 | |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | 1,858 | |
Goldman Sachs | 6,824 | |
J.P. Morgan Chase | 20,033 | |
Institutional International Bond Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
J.P. Morgan Chase | | $269 |
Goldman Sachs | | 467 |
HSBC Securities Inc. | | 1,007 |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | 535 |
CS First Boston Corp. | | 389 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 818 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | | 730 |
Barclays Capital | | 780 |
UBS Financial Services | | 219 |
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Goldman Sachs | $1,187 | |
J.P. Morgan Chase | 756 | |
Morgan Stanley | 214 | |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | 99 | |
Institutional Large-Cap Value Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | $18,097 | |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | 21,634 | |
J.P. Morgan Chase | 32,815 | |
Goldman Sachs | 5,294 | |
Institutional U.S. Structured Research Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | $1,077 | |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | 6,258 | |
J.P. Morgan Chase | 7,150 | |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | 2,537 | |
Goldman Sachs | 3,578 | |
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International Bond Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
J.P. Morgan Chase | | $9,768 |
HSBC Securities Inc. | | 31,253 |
CS First Boston Corp. | | 8,553 |
Goldman Sachs | | 17,674 |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | | 16,564 |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | | 18,007 |
Barclays Capital | | 39,538 |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | | 21,656 |
UBS Financial Services | | 4,309 |
Small-Cap Value Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Stifel Nicolaus | $23,549 | |
Total Equity Market Index Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Goldman Sachs | $2,495 | |
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. | 4,357 | |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | 1,084 | |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | 5,158 | |
J.P. Morgan Chase | 6,788 | |
Wells Fargo Van Kasper | 6,752 | |
Stifel Nicolaus | 98 | |
U.S. Large-Cap Core Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
J.P. Morgan Chase | $996 | |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | 745 | |
Value Fund
Fiscal Year Ended 12/31/12 | ||
Brokers | Value of Stock Holdings | Value of Bond Holdings |
Bank of America Merrill Lynch | $315,636 | |
Wells Fargo Securities | 123,561 | |
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | 161,947 | |
Goldman Sachs | 13,394 | |
J.P. Morgan Chase | 540,391 | |
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Portfolio Turnover
The portfolio turnover rates for the funds (if applicable) for the fiscal years indicated are as follows:
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | |||||
2/28/13 | 2/29/12 | 2/28/11 | ||||
California Tax-Free Bond | 11.3 | % | 15.0 | % | 15.3 | % |
California Tax-Free Money | (a) | (a) | (a) | |||
Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 72.8 | (b) | (b) | |||
Georgia Tax-Free Bond | 5.4 | 13.4 | 21.4 | |||
High Yield Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 68.9 | (b) | (b) | |||
Investment-Grade Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 99.4 | (b) | (b) | |||
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond | 37.2 | 69.4 | 31.4 | |||
Maryland Tax-Free Bond | 11.8 | 12.5 | 15.3 | |||
Maryland Tax-Free Money | (a) | (a) | (a) | |||
Mortgage-Backed Securities Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 180.5 | (b) | (b) | |||
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond | 13.3 | 12.0 | 18.6 | |||
New York Tax-Free Bond | 11.1 | 13.4 | 15.2 | |||
New York Tax-Free Money | (a) | (a) | (a) | |||
Tax-Efficient Equity | 28.9 | 25.1 | 38.7 | |||
Tax-Exempt Money | (a) | (a) | (a) | |||
Tax-Free High Yield | 11.6 | 12.9 | 24.0 | |||
Tax-Free Income | 10.2 | 16.0 | 15.1 | |||
Tax-Free Short-Intermediate | 16.8 | 23.3 | 18.5 | |||
Tax-Free Ultra Short-Term Bond | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Virginia Tax-Free Bond | 11.7 | 12.6 | 21.9 |
(a) Money funds are not required to show portfolio turnover.
(b) Prior to commencement of operations.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | |||||
5/31/13 | 5/31/12 | 5/31/11 | ||||
Corporate Income | 46.8 | % | 72.5 | % | 57.1 | % |
GNMA | 217.2 | 344.3 | 225.7 | (a) | ||
Floating Rate | 69.1 | 45.4 | (b) | |||
TRP Government Reserve Investment | (c) | (c) | (c) | |||
High Yield | 79.9 | 63.0 | 75.4 | |||
Inflation Focused Bond | 33.0 | 39.8 | 57.2 | |||
Inflation Protected Bond | 15.3 | 7.0 | 18.0 | |||
Institutional Core Plus | 127.4 | 140.6 | 121.5 | |||
Institutional Floating Rate | 83.3 | 91.6 | 67.6 | |||
Institutional Global Multi-Sector Bond | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Institutional High Yield | 80.1 | 54.6 | 77.6 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | |||||
5/31/13 | 5/31/12 | 5/31/11 | ||||
Institutional Long Duration Credit | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
New Income | 130.9 | 157.1 | 110.7 | |||
Personal Strategy Balanced | 58.4 | 65.5 | 55.1 | |||
Personal Strategy Growth | 46.4 | 51.3 | 49.0 | |||
Personal Strategy Income | 64.8 | 62.0 | 56.3 | |||
Prime Reserve | (c) | (c) | (c) | |||
TRP Reserve Investment | (c) | (c) | (c) | |||
Retirement 2005 | 15.7 | 25.2 | 17.5 | |||
Retirement 2010 | 16.5 | 23.3 | 19.0 | |||
Retirement 2015 | 14.5 | 25.6 | 15.2 | |||
Retirement 2020 | 14.2 | 22.4 | 15.6 | |||
Retirement 2025 | 12.7 | 26.0 | 16.7 | |||
Retirement 2030 | 13.0 | 22.3 | 16.2 | |||
Retirement 2035 | 12.3 | 27.1 | 17.1 | (d) | ||
Retirement 2040 | 12.8 | 22.1 | 15.9 | (d) | ||
Retirement 2045 | 10.8 | 28.3 | 16.8 | |||
Retirement 2050 | 14.1 | 32.2 | 22.8 | (d) | ||
Retirement 2055 | 13.3 | 37.0 | 27.4 | (d) | ||
Retirement Income | 14.3 | 20.7 | 12.5 | |||
Short-Term Bond | 66.5 | 92.3 | 71.9 | (e) | ||
Short-Term Government Reserve | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Short-Term Reserve | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Strategic Income | 65.8 | 94.4 | 70.0 | |||
Target Retirement 2005 | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Target Retirement 2010 | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Target Retirement 2015 | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Target Retirement 2020 | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Target Retirement 2025 | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Target Retirement 2030 | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Target Retirement 2035 | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Target Retirement 2040 | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Target Retirement 2045 | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Target Retirement 2050 | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
Target Retirement 2055 | (b) | (b) | (b) | |||
U.S. Treasury Intermediate | 34.0 | 56.9 | 32.8 | |||
U.S. Treasury Long-Term | 44.5 | 57.1 | 43.1 | |||
U.S. Treasury Money | (c) | (c) | (c) | |||
Ultra Short-Term Bond | 53.3 | (b) | (b) |
(a) The increase in the funds turnover rate was primarily due to an increased focus on purchasing mortgage-backed securities through the to-be-announced (TBA) market. To the extent the fund entered into dollar roll
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transactions, such transactions were accounted for as both purchases and sales, which also had the effect of increasing the funds portfolio turnover rate.
(b) Prior to commencement of operations.
(c) Money funds are not required to show portfolio turnover.
(d) The increase in the funds turnover rate was primarily due to reallocations resulting from the addition of a new underlying fund.
(e) The increase in the funds turnover rate was in response to market conditions and primarily due to an increased focus on mortgage-backed securities.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | |||||
10/31/12 | 10/31/11 | 10/31/10 | ||||
Africa & Middle East | 65.0 | % | 65.9 | % | 91.2 | % |
Emerging Europe | 10.9 | 21.7 | 27.7 | |||
Emerging Markets Stock | 24.1 | 18.6 | 26.6 | |||
European Stock | 41.6 | 57.6 | 61.1 | |||
Global Allocation | (a) | (a) | (a) | |||
Global Growth Stock | 111.7 | 133.0 | 120.9 | |||
Global Infrastructure | 34.6 | 30.9 | 18.6 | |||
Global Stock | 84.2 | 71.4 | 83.3 | |||
Institutional Africa & Middle East | 65.9 | 97.0 | 83.6 | |||
Institutional Concentrated International Equity | 155.3 | 128.3 | (b) | 14.5 | ||
Institutional Emerging Markets Equity | 26.9 | 24.3 | 21.6 | |||
Institutional Global Focused Growth Equity | 103.4 | 82.4 | 88.7 | |||
Institutional Global Growth Equity | 115.5 | 138.3 | 107.7 | |||
Institutional Global Value Equity | 13.5 | (a) | (a) | |||
Institutional International Core Equity | 18.4 | 15.2 | 2.8 | |||
Institutional International Growth Equity | 39.5 | 52.0 | 63.8 | |||
International Discovery | 40.2 | 49.3 | 54.8 | |||
International Equity Index | 8.8 | 30.0 | 12.8 | |||
International Growth & Income | 29.9 | 26.3 | 31.3 | |||
International Stock | 33.5 | 43.0 | 54.8 | |||
Japan | 55.1 | 72.1 | 62.0 | |||
Latin America | 16.7 | 14.8 | 14.1 | |||
New Asia | 41.1 | 68.1 | 49.4 | |||
Overseas Stock | 13.6 | 16.7 | 24.8 | |||
Summit Cash Reserves | (c) | (c) | (c) | |||
Summit GNMA | 181.9 | 237.0 | (d) | 112.1 | ||
Summit Municipal Income | 9.5 | 21.0 | 12.1 | |||
Summit Municipal Intermediate | 7.1 | 17.0 | 8.2 | |||
Summit Municipal Money Market | (c) | (c) | (c) | |||
U.S. Bond Enhanced Index | 102.7 | 96.6 | 33.9 |
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
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(b) The increase in the funds portfolio turnover rate was due to the fund only being in operation for a portion of its prior fiscal year.
(c) Money funds are not required to show portfolio turnover.
(d) The increase in the funds turnover rate was primarily due to an increased focus on purchasing mortgage-backed securities through the to-be-announced (TBA) market. To the extent the fund entered into dollar roll transactions, such transactions were accounted for as both purchases and sales, which also had the effect of increasing the funds portfolio turnover rate.
Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | |||||
12/31/12 | 12/31/11 | 12/31/10 | ||||
Balanced | 55.5 | % | 57.9 | % | 44.5 | % |
Blue Chip Growth | 24.5 | 44.2 | 46.8 | |||
Capital Appreciation | 60.3 | 81.3 | 66.3 | |||
Capital Opportunity | 34.9 | 36.6 | 37.6 | |||
Diversified Mid-Cap Growth | 24.5 | 42.1 | 27.5 | |||
Diversified Small-Cap Growth | 15.4 | 16.9 | 18.5 | |||
Dividend Growth | 11.7 | 10.4 | 15.9 | |||
Emerging Markets Bond | 40.7 | 50.1 | 35.3 | |||
Emerging Markets Corporate Bond | 26.5 | (a) | (a) | |||
Emerging Markets Corporate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 59.9 | (a) | (a) | |||
Emerging Markets Local Currency Bond | 82.3 | 49.6 | (a) | |||
Emerging Markets Local Multi-Sector Account Portfolio | 74.5 | (a) | (a) | |||
Equity Income | 15.6 | 15.3 | 12.4 | |||
Equity Index 500 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 8.2 | |||
Extended Equity Market Index | 17.6 | 18.9 | 14.2 | |||
Financial Services | 43.0 | 40.0 | 55.7 | |||
Global Industrials | (a) | (a) | (a) | |||
Global Real Estate | 4.4 | 8.2 | 6.5 | |||
Global Technology | 182.4 | 110.5 | 135.3 | |||
Growth & Income | 9.6 | 9.0 | 7.5 | |||
Growth Stock | 31.1 | 29.5 | 42.2 | |||
Health Sciences | 12.9 | 23.3 | 36.4 | |||
Institutional Emerging Markets Bond | 44.4 | 49.9 | 57.6 | |||
Institutional International Bond | 62.5 | 49.5 | 82.2 | |||
Institutional Large-Cap Core Growth | 21.5 | 36.6 | 44.8 | |||
Institutional Large-Cap Growth | 40.4 | 57.6 | 60.1 | |||
Institutional Large-Cap Value | 17.1 | 19.3 | 16.6 | |||
Institutional Mid-Cap Equity Growth | 37.4 | 38.3 | 36.7 | |||
Institutional Small-Cap Stock | 26.9 | 22.3 | 28.9 | |||
Institutional U.S. Structured Research | 38.7 | 47.8 | 40.5 | |||
International Bond | 52.2 | 35.7 | 61.5 | |||
Media & Telecommunications | 39.2 | 41.1 | 41.8 |
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Fund | Fiscal Year Ended | |||||
12/31/12 | 12/31/11 | 12/31/10 | ||||
Mid-Cap Growth | 29.6 | 30.6 | 30.1 | |||
Mid-Cap Value | 43.7 | 53.6 | 46.4 | |||
New America Growth | 34.4 | 32.1 | 60.3 | |||
New Era | 37.5 | 26.5 | 26.7 | |||
New Horizons | 35.0 | 43.7 | 46.1 | |||
Real Assets | 41.4 | 30.0 | 12.5 | |||
Real Estate | 6.0 | 4.9 | 12.8 | |||
Science & Technology | 49.5 | 77.4 | 68.3 | |||
Small-Cap Stock | 20.7 | 23.7 | 19.5 | |||
Small-Cap Value | 4.8 | 5.5 | 11.7 | |||
Spectrum Growth | 9.4 | 13.0 | 7.4 | |||
Spectrum Income | 14.9 | 14.7 | 13.4 | |||
Spectrum International | 6.0 | 8.2 | 8.7 | |||
Total Equity Market Index | 5.2 | 6.2 | 8.1 | |||
U.S. Large-Cap Core | 72.6 | 74.0 | 60.7 | |||
Value | 55.5 | 53.0 | 29.5 |
(a) Prior to commencement of operations.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 100 East Pratt Street, Suite 1900, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, is the independent registered public accounting firm to the funds.
The financial statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm of the funds included in each funds annual report are incorporated into this SAI by reference. A copy of the annual report of each fund with respect to which an inquiry is made will accompany this SAI.
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The following financial statements are provided in accordance with the Investment Company Act of 1940, which requires a registered investment company to have a net worth of at least $100,000.
T. ROWE PRICE GLOBAL ALLOCATION FUND | ||||||||||
May 6, 2013 | ||||||||||
STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES |
|
|
|
| ||||||
| ||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||
Cash | $ | 100,000 | ||||||||
Prepaid registration fees | 112,811 | |||||||||
Total assets | 212,811 | |||||||||
Liabilities | ||||||||||
Payable to manager | (112,811) | |||||||||
Total liabilities | (112,811) | |||||||||
NET ASSETS | $ | 100,000 | ||||||||
OFFERING AND REDEMPTION PRICE | $ | 10.00 | ||||||||
Net Assets Consist of: | ||||||||||
Paid-in-capital applicable to 10,000 shares of $0.0001 | ||||||||||
par value capital stock outstanding; 1,000,000,000 | ||||||||||
shares of the corporation authorized | $ | 100,000 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
186
T. ROWE PRICE GLOBAL ALLOCATION FUND | ||||||||||
May 6, 2013 | ||||||||||
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS |
|
|
|
| ||||||
| ||||||||||
Expenses | ||||||||||
Organization expenses | $ | 4,141 | ||||||||
Reimbursed by manager | (4,141) | |||||||||
Net investment income | -- | |||||||||
INCREASE
(DECREASE) IN NET ASSETS | $ | -- |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
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NOTE TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
T. Rowe Price Global Allocation Fund, Inc. (the fund), was organized on February 5, 2013, as a Maryland corporation and is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 as a diversified, open-end management investment company. Through May 6, 2013, the fund had no operations other than those matters related to organization and registration as an investment company, the registration of shares for sale under the Securities Act of 1933, and the sale of 10,000 shares of the fund at $10.00 per share on May 3, 2013, to T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., via share exchange from a T. Rowe Price money market mutual fund. The exchange was settled in the ordinary course of business on May 6, 2013, with the transfer of $100,000 cash.
NOTE 1 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Preparation The accompanying financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require the use of estimates made by management. Management believes that estimates are appropriate; however, actual results may differ from those estimates.
Organization and Offering Costs Organization costs are expensed as incurred and consist of incorporation fees, initial audit fees, and other costs incurred in connection with the establishment of the fund. Offering costs are amortized over a 12-month period upon commencement of fund operations and consist of registration fees, underwriting fees, and initial printing and other costs incurred in connection with the initial offering of the fund.
Federal Income Taxes The fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code and to distribute to shareholders all of its taxable income and gains. Distributions determined in accordance with federal income tax regulations may differ in amount or character from net investment income and realized gains for financial reporting purposes.
NOTE 2 RELATED PARTIES
The fund is managed by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (Price Associates), a wholly owned subsidiary of T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. The investment management agreement between the fund and Price Associates provides for an annual investment management fee, which will be computed daily and paid monthly. The fee consists of an individual fund fee, equal to 0.40% of the funds average daily net assets, and a group fee. The group fee rate is calculated based on the combined net assets of certain mutual funds sponsored by Price Associates applied to a graduated fee schedule, with rates ranging from 0.48% for the first $1 billion of assets to 0.275% for assets in excess of $400 billion. The funds group fee is determined by applying the group fee rate to the funds average daily net assets.
Under the terms of the investment management agreement, the manager will be required to bear all expenses of the fund, excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, and extraordinary expenses, through February 29, 2016, which would otherwise cause the funds ratio of total expenses to average daily net assets (expense ratio) to exceed its expense limitation of 1.05%. For a period of three years after the date of any reimbursement or waiver, the fund will be required to reimburse the manager for these expenses, provided that average net assets have grown or expenses have declined sufficiently to allow reimbursement without causing the funds expense ratio to exceed its expense limitation. Through May 6, 2013, the fund incurred organization expenses in the approximate amount of $4,141 which the manager has paid on the funds behalf in accordance with the expense limitation. Also, through May 6, 2013, initial registration fees in the amount of $112,811 were prepaid by the manager on behalf of the fund and will be repaid upon commencement of operations.
Pursuant to various service agreements, Price Associates and its wholly owned subsidiaries will provide shareholder servicing and administrative, transfer and dividend disbursing, accounting, and certain other services to the fund.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
T. Rowe Price Global Allocation Fund, Inc.:
In our opinion, the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities and the related statement of operations present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the T. Rowe Price Global Allocation Fund, Inc. (the Fund) at May 6, 2013, and the results of its operations for the period then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Funds management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Baltimore, Maryland
May 14, 2013
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PART II TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Investment Objectives and Policies | |
Risk Factors | |
Portfolio Securities | |
Derivatives | |
Portfolio Management Practices | |
Investment Restrictions | |
Custodian | |
Code of Ethics | |
Disclosure of Fund Portfolio | |
Information | |
Pricing of Securities | |
Net Asset Value Per Share |
Page
Dividends and Distributions | |
In-Kind Redemptions and Purchases | |
Tax Status | |
Capital Stock | |
Organization of the Funds | |
Proxy Voting Process and Policies | |
Federal Registration of Shares | |
Legal Counsel | |
Ratings of Commercial Paper | |
Ratings of Corporate Debt Securities | |
Ratings of Municipal Notes and | |
Variable Rate Securities |
Part II of this SAI describes risks, policies, and practices that apply to the funds in the T. Rowe Price family of funds.
The following information supplements the discussion of the funds investment objectives and policies discussed in the funds prospectuses. You should refer to each funds prospectus to determine the types of securities in which the fund invests. You will then be able to review additional information set forth herein on those types of securities and their risks.
Shareholder approval is required to substantively change fund objectives. Unless otherwise specified, the investment programs and restrictions of the funds are not fundamental policies. The funds operating policies are subject to change by the funds Boards without shareholder approval. The funds fundamental policies may not be changed without the approval of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of the funds or, if it is less, 67% of the shares represented at a meeting of shareholders at which the holders of more than 50% of the shares are represented.
You may also refer to the sections entitled Portfolio Securities and Portfolio Management Practices for discussions of the risks associated with the investments and practices described therein as they apply to the funds.
Risk Factors of Investing in Foreign Securities
General
Foreign securities include both U.S. dollar-denominated and non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers. Foreign securities include securities issued by companies that are organized under the laws of
190
countries other than the U.S. as well as securities that are issued or guaranteed by foreign governments or by foreign supranational entities. They also include securities issued by companies whose principal trading market is in a country other than the U.S. and companies that derive a significant portion of their revenue or profits from foreign businesses, investments or sales, or that have a majority of their assets outside the United States. Foreign securities may be traded on foreign securities exchanges or in the foreign OTC markets. Foreign securities markets generally are not as developed or efficient as those in the United States.
Investing in foreign securities, as well as instruments that provide investment exposure to foreign securities and markets, involves risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. dollar-denominated securities of domestic issuers. Certain of these risks are inherent in any mutual fund investing in foreign securities while others relate more to the countries and regions in which the funds may invest. Many of the risks are more pronounced for investments in emerging market countries, such as Russia and many of the countries of Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. There are no universally accepted criteria used to determine which countries are considered developed markets and which are considered emerging markets. However, the funds rely on the classification made for a particular country by an unaffiliated, third-party data provider.
· Political, Social, and Economic Risks Foreign investments involve risks unique to the local political, economic, tax, and regulatory structures in place, as well as the potential for social instability, military unrest, or diplomatic developments that could prove adverse to the interests of U.S. investors. The economies of many of the countries in which the funds may invest are not as developed as the U.S. and individual foreign economies can differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position. In addition, war and terrorism have affected many countries, especially those in Africa and the Middle East. Many countries throughout the world are dependent on a healthy U.S. economy and are adversely affected when the U.S. economy weakens or its markets decline. For example, in 2007 and 2008, the meltdown in the U.S. subprime mortgage market quickly spread throughout global credit markets, triggering a liquidity crisis that affected debt and equity markets around the world.
Governments in certain foreign countries continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could have a significant effect on market prices of securities and payment of dividends. The economies of many foreign countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly affected by protective trade barriers and economic conditions of their trading partners. The enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such countries.
· Currency Risks Investments in foreign securities will normally be denominated in foreign currencies. Accordingly, a change in the value of any such currency against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar value of the funds holdings denominated in that currency. Generally, when a given currency appreciates against the U.S. dollar (e.g., because the U.S. dollar weakens or the particular foreign currency strengthens), the value of the funds securities denominated in that currency will rise. When a given currency depreciates against the U.S. dollar (e.g., because the U.S. dollar strengthens or the particular foreign currency weakens), the value of the funds securities denominated in that currency will decline. The value of fund assets may also be affected by losses and other expenses incurred in converting between various currencies in order to purchase and sell foreign securities, and by currency restrictions, exchange control regulations, and currency devaluations. In addition, a change in the value of a foreign currency against the U.S. dollar could result in a change in the amount of income available for distribution. If a portion of a funds investment income may be received in foreign currencies, the fund will be required to compute its income in U.S. dollars for distribution to shareholders, and therefore the fund will absorb the cost of currency fluctuations.
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· Investment and Repatriation Restrictions Foreign investment in the securities markets of certain foreign countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions limit and, at times, preclude investment in such countries and increase the cost and expenses of the funds. Investments by foreign investors are subject to a variety of restrictions in many emerging market countries. These restrictions may take the form of prior governmental approval, limits on the amount or type of securities held by foreigners, and limits on the types of companies in which foreigners may invest. Additional or different restrictions may be imposed at any time by these or other countries in which the funds invest. In addition, the repatriation of both investment income and capital from several foreign countries is restricted and controlled under certain regulations, including in some cases the need for certain government consents.
· Market and Trading Characteristics Foreign securities markets are generally not as developed or efficient as, and more volatile than, those in the United States. While growing in volume, they usually have substantially less volume than U.S. markets and the funds foreign portfolio securities may be less liquid, more difficult to value, and subject to more rapid and erratic price movements than securities of comparable U.S. companies. Foreign securities may trade at price/earnings multiples higher than comparable U.S. securities and such levels may not be sustainable. Commissions on foreign securities trades are generally higher than commissions on U.S. exchanges, and while there are an increasing number of overseas securities markets that have adopted a system of negotiated rates, a number are still subject to an established schedule of minimum commission rates. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the United States.
Moreover, overall settlement practices for transactions in foreign markets may differ from those in U.S. markets. Such differences include delays beyond periods customary in the U.S. and practices, such as delivery of securities prior to receipt of payment, which increase the likelihood of a failed settlement. Failed settlements can result in losses to the funds. In certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct transactions. Delays in clearance and settlement could result in temporary periods when assets of the funds are uninvested and no return is earned. The inability of a fund to make intended security purchases due to clearance and settlement problems could cause the fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. The inability of a fund to sell portfolio securities due to clearance and settlement problems could result either in losses to the fund due to subsequent declines in the value of the portfolio security or, if the fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, liability to the purchaser. Military unrest, war, terrorism, and other factors could result in securities markets closing unexpectedly for an extended period, during which a fund would lose the ability to either purchase or sell securities traded in that market. Finally, certain foreign markets are open for trading on days when the funds do not calculate their net asset value. Therefore, the values of a funds holdings in those markets may be affected on days when shareholders have no access to the fund.
· Depositary Receipts It is expected that most foreign securities will be purchased in OTC markets or on securities exchanges located in the countries in which the issuers of the various securities are located, provided that is the best available market. However, the funds may also purchase depositary receipts, such as American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), and European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), which are certificates evidencing ownership of underlying foreign securities, as alternatives to directly purchasing the foreign securities in their local markets and currencies. An advantage of ADRs, GDRs, and EDRs is that investors do not have to buy shares through the issuing companys home exchange, which may be difficult or expensive. ADRs, GDRs, and EDRs are subject to many of the same risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities.
Generally, ADRs are denominated in U.S. dollars and are designed for use in the U.S. securities markets. The depositaries that issue ADRs are usually U.S. financial institutions, such as a bank or trust company, but the underlying securities are issued by a foreign issuer.
GDRs may be issued in U.S. dollars or other currencies and are generally designed for use in securities markets outside the United States. GDRs represent shares of foreign securities that can be traded on the exchanges of the depositarys country. The issuing depositary, which may be a foreign or a U.S. entity, converts dividends and the share price into the shareholders home currency. EDRs are generally issued by a European bank and traded on local exchanges.
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For purposes of a funds investment policies, investments in depositary receipts are deemed to be investments in the underlying securities. For example, an ADR representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock.
· Participation Notes The funds may gain exposure to securities in certain foreign markets through investments in participation notes (P-notes). For instance, a fund may purchase P-notes while it is awaiting approval from a foreign exchange to trade securities directly in that market as well as to invest in foreign markets that restrict foreign investors, such as the funds, from investing directly in individual securities traded on that exchange. P-notes are generally issued by banks or broker-dealers and are designed to offer a return linked to a particular underlying equity security. An investment in a P-note involves additional risks beyond the risks normally associated with a direct investment in the underlying security and the P-notes performance may differ from the underlying securitys performance. While the holder of a P-note is entitled to receive from the broker-dealer or bank any dividends paid by the underlying security, the holder is not entitled to the same rights (e.g., voting rights) as an owner of the underlying stock. P-notes are considered general unsecured contractual obligations of the banks or broker-dealers that issue them as the counterparty. As such, the funds must rely on the creditworthiness of the counterparty for its investment returns on the P-notes and would have no rights against the issuer of the underlying security. There is also no assurance that there will be a secondary trading market for a P-note or that the trading price of a P-note will equal the value of the underlying security. Additionally, issuers of P-notes and the calculation agent may have broad authority to control the foreign exchange rates related to the P-notes and discretion to adjust the P-notes terms in response to certain events.
· Investment Funds The funds may invest in investment funds which have been authorized by the governments of certain countries specifically to permit foreign investment in securities of companies listed and traded on the stock exchanges in these respective countries. Investment in these funds is subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act. If a fund invests in such investment funds, shareholders will bear not only their proportionate share of the expenses of the fund (including operating expenses and the fees of the investment manager), but also will indirectly bear similar expenses of the underlying investment funds. In addition, the securities of these investment funds may trade at a premium over their net asset value.
· Financial Information and Governance There is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies when compared to the reports and ratings that are published about companies in the United States. Many foreign companies are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices, and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies, and there may be less stringent investor protection and disclosure standards. It also is often more difficult to keep currently informed of corporate actions, which can adversely affect the prices of portfolio securities.
· Taxes The dividends and interest payable on certain of the funds foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the funds shareholders. In addition, some governments may impose a tax on purchases by foreign investors of certain securities that trade in their country.
· Higher Costs Investors should understand that the expense ratios of funds investing primarily in foreign securities can be expected to be higher than funds that invest mainly in domestic securities. Reasons include the higher costs of maintaining custody of foreign securities, higher advisory fee rates paid by funds to investment advisers for researching and selecting foreign securities, and brokerage commission rates and trading costs that tend to be more expensive in foreign markets than in the United States.
· Other Risks With respect to certain foreign countries, especially emerging markets, there is the possibility of adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets of the funds, or diplomatic developments which could affect investments by U.S. persons in those countries. Further, the funds may find it difficult or be unable to enforce ownership rights, pursue legal remedies, or obtain judgments in foreign courts. Evidence of securities ownership may be uncertain in many foreign countries. In many of these countries, the most notable of which is Russia, the ultimate evidence of securities ownership is the share register held by the issuing company or its registrar. While some companies may issue share certificates or provide extracts of the companys share
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register, these are not negotiable instruments and are not effective evidence of securities ownership. In an ownership dispute, the companys share register is controlling.
· Europe
Europe includes both developed and emerging markets. Europes economies are diverse, its governments are decentralized, and its cultures vary widely. Unemployment in Europe has historically been higher than in the U.S. and public deficits have been an ongoing concern in many European countries.
Fiscal Constraints Most developed countries in western Europe are members of the European Union (EU), and many are also members of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). European countries can be significantly affected by the tight fiscal and monetary controls that the EMU imposes on its members and with which candidates for EMU membership are required to comply. Member countries are required to maintain tight controls over inflation, public debt, and budget deficits, and these requirements can severely limit EMU member countries ability to implement monetary policy to address local or regional economic conditions. The private and public sectors debt problems of a single EU country can pose economic risks to the EU as a whole.
Eurozone Debt Crisis While certain EU countries continue to use their own currency, there is a collective group of EU countries, known as the Eurozone, that use the euro as their currency. Although the Eurozone has adopted a common currency and central bank, there is no fiscal union and therefore money does not automatically flow from countries with surpluses to those with fiscal deficits. Several Eurozone countries are facing serious deficits and budget issues, some of which may have negative long-term effects for the economies of not just Eurozone countries but all of Europe. These rising government debt levels have increased market volatility and the probability of a recession, led to emergency financing for certain countries, and increased speculation that additional EU countries will require bailouts. These events have also cast doubts over the ability of Eurozone policymakers to agree on solutions to the debt crisis and further stressed the European banking system as lending continues to tighten. Ongoing stress in the banking system and rising deficits could lead to downgrades of European sovereign debt, which would have a negative effect on banks and companies doing business in Europe. As a result of the Eurozone debt crisis, there is continued concern over national-level support for the euro, which could lead to the implementation of currency controls, certain countries leaving the EU, or potentially a breakup of the Eurozone and dissolution of the euro. A breakup of the Eurozone, particularly a disorderly breakup, would pose special challenges for the financial markets and could lead to exchange controls and/or market closures. In the event of a Eurozone default or breakup, some of the most significant challenges faced by the funds with euro-denominated holdings and derivatives involving the euro would include diminished market liquidity, operational issues relating to the settlement of trades, difficulty in establishing the fair values of holdings, and the redenomination of holdings into other currencies.
· Emerging Europe, Middle East, and Africa
The economies of the countries of emerging Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, sometimes referred to as EMEA, are all considered emerging market economies, and they tend to be highly reliant on the exportation of commodities.
Political and Military Instability Many formerly communist, eastern European countries have experienced significant political and economic reform in recent years, and the eastward expansion of the EU could help to further anchor this reform process. However, the democratization process is still relatively new in a number of the smaller states and political turmoil and popular uprisings remain threats. Russia has made advances in establishing a new political outlook and a market economy, but political risk remains high and steps that Russia may take to assert its geopolitical influence may increase the tensions in the region and affect economic growth. Many Middle Eastern economies have little or no democratic tradition and are led by family structures. Opposition parties are often banned, leading to dissidence and militancy. Despite a growing trend toward a democratic process, many African nations have a history of dictatorship, military intervention, and corruption. War, terrorism, and military takeovers could result in a securities market unexpectedly closing for an extended period, which would restrict a fund from selling its securities that are traded in that market. In all parts of EMEA, such developments, if they were to recur, could reverse favorable trends toward economic and
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market reform, privatization, and removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruptions in securities markets.
Foreign Currency Certain countries in the region may have managed currencies which are pegged to the U.S. dollar or the euro, rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to sudden and large adjustments in the currency, which may, in turn, have a disruptive and negative effect on investors. There is no significant foreign exchange market for certain currencies, and it would, as a result, be difficult for the funds to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to protect the value of the funds interests in securities denominated in such currencies.
Energy/Resources Russia, the Middle East, and many African nations are highly reliant on income from oil sales. Oil prices can have a major impact on these economies. Other commodities such as base and precious metals are also important to these economies. As global supply and demand for commodities fluctuates, the EMEA economies can be significantly impacted by the prices of such commodities.
Custody and Settlement Because of the underdeveloped state of Russias financial and legal systems, the settlement, clearing, and registration of securities transactions are subject to heightened risks. Equity securities in Russia are issued only in book entry form, and ownership records are maintained in a decentralized fashion by registrars who are under contract with the issuers. Although a funds Russian sub-custodian maintains copies of the registrars records on its premises, such records may not be legally sufficient to establish ownership of securities. The registrars are not necessarily subject to effective state supervision nor are they licensed with any governmental entity. Although a fund investing in Russian securities seeks to ensure through its custodian that its interest continues to be appropriately recorded, it is possible that a fraudulent act may deprive the fund of its ownership rights or improperly dilute its interest. In addition, it is possible that a registrar could be suspended or its license revoked, which would impact a funds holdings at that registrar until the suspension is lifted or the companies records are transferred to an alternative registrar. Finally, although applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for losses resulting from their errors, it may be difficult for a fund to enforce any rights it may have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the event of loss of share registration.
· Latin America
The majority of Latin American countries have been characterized at various times by high interest rates and unemployment rates, inflation, an over-reliance on commodity trades, and government intervention.
Inflation Most Latin American countries have experienced, at one time or another, severe and persistent levels of inflation, including, in some cases, hyperinflation. This has, in turn, led to high interest rates, extreme measures by governments to keep inflation in check, and a generally debilitating effect on economic growth. Although inflation in many countries has lessened, there is no guarantee it will remain at lower levels.
Political Instability and Government Control Certain Latin American countries have been marred by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such developments, if they were to recur, could reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and removal of trade barriers, and result in significant disruption in securities markets. Many Latin American governments have exercised significant influence over their countrys economies, which can have significant effects on companies doing business in Latin America and the securities they issue. These governments have often changed monetary, taxation, credit, tariff, and other policies to alter the direction of their economies. Actions to control inflation have involved the setting of wage and price controls, blocking access to bank accounts, imposing exchange controls, and limiting imports. Investments in Brazilian securities may be subject to certain restrictions on foreign investment. Brazilian law provides that whenever a serious imbalance in Brazils balance of payments exists or is anticipated, the Brazilian government may impose temporary restrictions on the remittance to foreign investors, such as the funds, of proceeds from the sale of Brazilian securities.
Foreign Currency Certain Latin American countries may experience sudden and large adjustments in their currency which, in turn, can have a disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors. Certain Latin American countries may impose restrictions on the free conversion of their currency into other currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant foreign exchange market for many Latin American currencies and it would,
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as a result, be difficult for the funds to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to protect the value of the funds interests in securities denominated in such currencies.
Sovereign Debt A number of Latin American countries have been among the largest debtors of emerging market countries. There have been moratoria on, and reschedulings of, repayment with respect to these debts. Such events can restrict the flexibility of these debtor nations in the international markets and result in the imposition of onerous conditions on their economies.
Foreign Trade Because commodities, such as agricultural products, minerals, oil, and metals, represent a significant percentage of exports of many Latin American countries, the economies of those countries are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in commodity prices, currencies and global demand for commodities.
· Japan
A strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and emphasis on education helped Japan advance with extraordinary speed from the 1960s through the 1980s to become one of the largest economic powers along with the U.S. and the EU. However, growth slowed markedly in the 1990s and Japans economy fell into a long recession. After a few years of mild recovery in the mid-2000s, the Japanese economy fell into another recession in part due to the recent global economic crisis. This economic recession was likely compounded by an unstable financial sector, low domestic consumption, and certain corporate structural weaknesses, which remain some of the major issues facing the Japanese economy.
Banking System A pressing need to sustain Japans economic recovery and improve its economic growth is the task of overhauling the nations financial institutions. Banks, in particular, may have to reform themselves to become more competitive. While successful financial sector reform would contribute to Japans economic recovery at home and would benefit other economies in Asia, internal conflict over the proper way to reform the banking system continues to exist.
Natural Disasters Japan has experienced natural disasters, such as earthquakes and tidal waves, of varying degrees of severity. The risks of such phenomena, and the resulting damage, continue to exist and could have a severe and negative impact on a funds holdings in Japanese securities. Japan also has one of the worlds highest population densities. A significant percentage of the total population of Japan is concentrated in the metropolitan areas of Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya. Therefore, a natural disaster centered in or very near to one of these cities could have a particularly devastating effect on Japans financial markets. Japans recovery from the recession has been affected by economic distress resulting from the earthquake and resulting tsunami that struck northeastern Japan in March 2011 causing major damage along the coast, including damage to nuclear power plants in the region. Since the earthquake, Japans financial markets have fluctuated dramatically.
Energy Importation Japan has historically depended on oil for most of its energy requirements. Almost all of its oil is imported, the majority from the Middle East. In the past, oil prices have had a major impact on the domestic economy, but more recently Japan has worked to reduce its dependence on oil by encouraging energy conservation and use of alternative fuels. In addition, a restructuring of industry, with emphasis shifting from basic industries to processing and assembly type industries, has contributed to the reduction of oil consumption. However, there is no guarantee that this favorable trend will continue.
Foreign Trade Overseas trade is important to Japans economy and Japans economic growth is significantly driven by its exports. Japan has few natural resources and must export to pay for its imports of these basic requirements. A significant portion of Japans trade is conducted with emerging market countries, almost all of which are located in East and Southeast Asia, and it can be affected by conditions in these other countries and currency fluctuations. Because of the concentration of Japanese exports in highly visible products such as automobiles and technology, and the large trade surpluses ensuing therefrom, Japan has had difficult relations with its trading partners, particularly the United States. Japans aging and shrinking population increases the cost of the countrys pension and public welfare system and lowers domestic demand, making Japan even more dependent on exports to sustain its economy. It is possible that trade sanctions or other protectionist measures could impact Japan adversely in both the short term and long term.
· Asia (excluding Japan)
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Asia includes countries in all stages of economic development, some of which have been characterized at times by over-extension of credit, currency fluctuations, devaluations, and restrictions, unstable employment rates, over-reliance on exports, and less efficient markets. Currency fluctuations or devaluations in any one country can have a significant effect on the entire region. Furthermore, increased political and social unrest in some Asian countries could cause further economic and market uncertainty in the entire region.
Political and Social Instability The political history of some Asian countries has been characterized by political uncertainty, intervention by the military in civilian and economic spheres, and political corruption. Such developments, if they continue to occur, could reverse favorable trends toward market and economic reform, privatization, and removal of trade barriers, and could result in significant disruption to securities markets. For example, there is a demilitarized border and hostile relations between North and South Korea, and the Taiwanese economy has been affected by security threats from China. China remains a totalitarian country with continuing risk of nationalization, expropriation, or confiscation of property and its legal system is still developing, making it more difficult to obtain or enforce judgments. At times, religious, cultural and military disputes within and outside India have caused volatility in the Indian securities markets and such disputes could adversely affect the value and liquidity of a funds investments in Indian securities in the future.
Foreign Currency Certain Asian countries may have managed currencies which are maintained at artificial levels to the U.S. dollar rather than at levels determined by the market. This type of system can lead to sudden and large adjustments in the currency which, in turn, can have a disruptive and negative effect on foreign investors. Certain Asian countries also may restrict the free conversion of their currency into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. There is no significant foreign exchange market for certain currencies, and it would, as a result, be difficult for the funds to engage in foreign currency transactions designed to protect the value of the funds interests in securities denominated in such currencies.
Interrelated Economies and International Trade A number of Asian companies are highly dependent on foreign loans for their operation, some of which may impose strict repayment term schedules and require significant economic and financial restructuring. The economies of many countries in the region are heavily dependent on international trade and are accordingly affected by protective trade barriers and the economic conditions of their trading partners. China has had an increasingly significant and positive impact on the global economy, but its continued success depends on its ability to retain the legal and financial policies that have fostered economic freedom and market expansion. The Hong Kong, Taiwanese, and Chinese economies can be dependent on the economies of other countries and can be significantly affected by currency fluctuations and increasing competition from Asias other low-cost emerging economies. These China region economies can also be significantly affected by general social, economic, and political conditions in China and other countries. The willingness and ability of the Chinese government to support the Hong Kong and Chinese economies and markets is uncertain. China has yet to develop comprehensive securities, corporate, or commercial laws, and its market is relatively new and undeveloped. Also, foreign investments may be restricted. Changes in government policy could significantly affect the local markets.
China A-Shares The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) has the authority to grant qualified foreign institutional investor (QFII) licenses, which allow foreign investments in A-shares on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges and certain other securities historically not eligible for investment by non-Chinese investors. Each QFII is authorized to invest in China A-shares only up to a specified quota established by the Chinese State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE). T. Rowe Price has received a QFII license permitting it to invest a portion of the assets of the Emerging Markets Stock, Institutional Emerging Markets Equity, International Discovery, and New Asia Funds in local Chinese securities. Although the laws of China permit the use of nominee accounts for clients of investment managers who are QFIIs, the Chinese regulators require the securities trading and settlement accounts to be maintained in the name of the QFII. Chinese regulators have been made aware that T. Rowe Price is acting as investment manager only and that any assets invested in A-shares belong to the funds. The funds custodian bank will maintain a specific sub-account for the A-share investments in the name of each fund. However, there is a risk that creditors of T. Rowe Price may assert that T. Rowe Price, and not the individual fund, is the legal owner of the securities and other assets in the accounts. If a court upholds such an assertion, creditors of T. Rowe Price could seek payment from the funds A-share investments.
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Additional risks include a potential lack of liquidity, greater price volatility, and restrictions on the repatriation of invested capital. Because of low trading volume and various restrictions on the free flow of capital into the A-share market, the A-share market could be less liquid and trading prices of A-shares could be more volatile than other local securities markets. In addition, net realized profits on fund investments in A-shares may only be repatriated under certain conditions and upon the approval of SAFE.
Risk Factors of Investing in Taxable Debt Obligations
General
Yields on short-, intermediate-, and long-term securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money, bond, and foreign exchange markets; the size of a particular offering; the maturity of the obligation; and the rating of the issue. Debt securities with longer maturities tend to carry higher yields and are generally subject to greater capital appreciation and depreciation than obligations with shorter maturities and lower yields. The market prices of debt securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of portfolio investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value of portfolio investments. The ability of funds investing in debt securities to achieve their investment objectives is also dependent on the continuing ability of the issuers of the debt securities in which the funds invest to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due.
After purchase by the funds, a debt security may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum required for purchase by the funds. Neither event will require a sale of such security by the funds. However, such events will be considered in determining whether the funds should continue to hold the security. To the extent that the ratings given by Moodys, S&P, or others may change as a result of changes in such organizations or their rating systems, the funds will attempt to use comparable ratings as standards for investments in accordance with the investment policies contained in the prospectus. The ratings of Moodys, S&P, and others represent their opinions as to the quality of securities that they undertake to rate. Ratings are not absolute standards of quality. When purchasing unrated securities, T. Rowe Price, under the supervision of the funds Boards, determines whether the unrated security is of a quality comparable to that which the funds are allowed to purchase.
Full Faith and Credit Securities
Securities backed by the full faith and credit of the United States (for example, GNMA and U.S. Treasury securities) are generally considered to be among the most, if not the most, creditworthy investments available. While the U.S. government has honored its credit obligations continuously for the last 200 years, political events have, at times, called into question whether the United States would default on its obligations. Such an event would be unprecedented and there is no way to predict its results on the securities markets or the funds. However, it is very likely that default by the United States would result in losses to the funds.
Mortgage Securities
Mortgage-backed securities, including Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae or GNMA) securities differ from conventional bonds in that principal is paid back over the life of the security rather than at maturity. As a result, the holder of a mortgage-backed security (i.e., a fund) receives monthly scheduled payments of principal and interest, and may receive unscheduled principal payments representing prepayments on the underlying mortgages. Therefore, GNMA securities may not be an effective means of locking in long-term interest rates due to the need for the funds to reinvest scheduled and unscheduled principal payments. The incidence of unscheduled principal prepayments is also likely to increase in mortgage pools owned by the funds when prevailing mortgage loan rates fall below the mortgage rates of the securities underlying the individual pool. The effect of such prepayments in a falling rate environment is to (1) cause the funds to reinvest principal payments at the then lower prevailing interest rate, and (2) reduce the potential for capital appreciation beyond the face amount of the security and adversely affect the return to the funds. Conversely, in a rising interest rate environment such prepayments can be reinvested at higher prevailing interest rates which will reduce the potential effect of capital depreciation to which bonds are subject when interest rates rise. When interest rates rise and prepayments decline, GNMA securities become subject to
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extension risk or the risk that the price of the securities will fluctuate more. In addition, prepayments of mortgage securities purchased at a premium (or discount) will cause such securities to be paid off at par, resulting in a loss (gain) to the funds. T. Rowe Price will actively manage the funds portfolios in an attempt to reduce the risk associated with investment in mortgage-backed securities.
The market value of adjustable rate mortgage securities (ARMs), like other U.S. government securities, will generally vary inversely with changes in market interest rates, declining when interest rates rise and rising when interest rates decline. Because of their periodic adjustment feature, ARMs should be more sensitive to short-term interest rates than long-term rates. They should also display less volatility than long-term mortgage-backed securities. Thus, while having less risk of a decline during periods of rapidly rising rates, ARMs may also have less potential for capital appreciation than other investments of comparable maturities. Interest rate caps on mortgages underlying ARMs may prevent income on the ARMs from increasing to prevailing interest rate levels and cause the securities to decline in value. In addition, to the extent ARMs are purchased at a premium, mortgage foreclosures and unscheduled principal prepayments may result in some loss of the holders principal investment to the extent of the premium paid. On the other hand, if ARMs are purchased at a discount, both a scheduled payment of principal and an unscheduled prepayment of principal will increase current and total returns and will accelerate the recognition of income that, when distributed to shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income.
High-Yield Securities
Special Risks of Investing in Junk Bonds The following special considerations are additional risk factors of funds investing in lower-rated securities.
· Lower-Rated Debt Securities An economic downturn or increase in interest rates is likely to have a greater negative effect on this market, the value of lower-rated debt securities in the funds portfolios, the funds net asset value and the ability of the bonds issuers to repay principal and interest, meet projected business goals, and obtain additional financing than on higher-rated securities. These circumstances also may result in a higher incidence of defaults than with respect to higher-rated securities. Investment in funds which invest in lower-rated debt securities is more risky than investment in shares of funds which invest only in higher-rated debt securities.
· Sensitivity to Interest Rate and Economic Changes Prices of lower-rated debt securities may be more sensitive to adverse economic changes or corporate developments than higher-rated investments. Debt securities with longer maturities, which may have higher yields, may increase or decrease in value more than debt securities with shorter maturities. Market prices of lower-rated debt securities structured as zero-coupon or pay-in-kind securities are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes and may be more volatile than securities which pay interest periodically and in cash. Where it deems it appropriate and in the best interests of fund shareholders, the funds may incur additional expenses to seek recovery on a debt security on which the issuer has defaulted and to pursue litigation to protect the interests of security holders of its portfolio companies.
· Liquidity and Valuation Because the market for lower-rated securities may be thinner and less active than for higher-rated securities, there may be market price volatility for these securities and limited liquidity in the resale market. Nonrated securities are usually not as attractive to as many buyers as rated securities are, a factor which may make nonrated securities less marketable. These factors may have the effect of limiting the availability of the securities for purchase by the funds and may also limit the ability of the funds to sell such securities at their fair value either to meet redemption requests or in response to changes in the economy or the financial markets.
Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of lower-rated debt securities, especially in a thinly traded market. To the extent the funds own or may acquire illiquid or restricted lower-rated securities, these securities may involve special registration responsibilities, liabilities, costs, and liquidity and valuation difficulties. Changes in values of debt securities which the funds own will affect its net asset value per share. If market quotations are not readily available for the funds lower-rated or nonrated securities, these securities will be valued by a method that the funds Boards believe accurately reflects fair value. Judgment plays a greater role in valuing lower-rated debt
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securities than with respect to securities for which more external sources of quotations and last sale information are available.
· Taxation Special tax considerations are associated with investing in lower-rated debt securities structured as zero-coupon or pay-in-kind securities. The funds accrue income on these securities prior to the receipt of cash payments. The funds must distribute substantially all of its income to its shareholders to qualify for pass-through treatment under the tax laws and may, therefore, have to dispose of portfolio securities to satisfy distribution requirements.
Risk Factors of Investing in Municipal Securities
General
Yields on municipal securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money market and the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligations, and the rating of the issue. Municipal securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and are generally subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and depreciation than obligations with shorter maturities and lower yields. The market prices of municipal securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of portfolio investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value of portfolio investments. The ability of all the funds to achieve their investment objectives is also dependent on the continuing ability of the issuers of municipal securities in which the funds invest to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due. The ratings of Moodys, S&P, and Fitch IBCA, Inc. (Fitch) represent their opinions as to the quality of municipal securities which they undertake to rate. Ratings are not absolute standards of quality; consequently, municipal securities with the same maturity, coupon, and rating may have different yields. There are variations in municipal securities, both within a particular classification and between classifications, depending on numerous factors. In 2010, Moodys and Fitch recalibrated their ratings of municipal securities so they could use a single ratings scale for both municipal and corporate debt securities. This resulted in upgrades to ratings of certain municipal issuers based on the change in methodology and not on improvements in credit quality. It should also be pointed out that, unlike other types of investments, offerings of municipal securities have traditionally not been subject to regulation by, or registration with, the SEC, although there have been proposals which would provide for regulation in the future.
The federal bankruptcy statutes relating to the debts of political subdivisions and authorities of states of the United States provide that, in certain circumstances, such subdivisions or authorities may be authorized to initiate bankruptcy proceedings without prior notice to or consent of creditors, which proceedings could result in material and adverse changes in the rights of holders of their obligations.
Proposals have been introduced in Congress to restrict or eliminate the federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal securities, and similar proposals may be introduced in the future. Proposed Flat Tax and Value Added Tax proposals would also have the effect of eliminating the tax preference for municipal securities. Some of the past proposals would have applied to interest on municipal securities issued before the date of enactment, which would have adversely affected their value to a material degree. If such a proposal were enacted, the availability of municipal securities for investment by the funds and the value of a funds portfolio would be affected and, in such an event, the funds would reevaluate their investment objectives and policies. Also, recent changes to tax laws broadly lowering tax rates, including lower tax rates on dividends and capital gains, could have a negative impact on the desirability of owning municipal securities.
Although the banks and securities dealers with which the funds will transact business will be banks and securities dealers that T. Rowe Price believes to be financially sound, there can be no assurance that they will be able to honor their obligations to the funds with respect to such transactions.
Municipal Bond Insurance The funds may purchase insured bonds from time to time. Municipal bond insurance provides an unconditional and irrevocable guarantee that the insured bonds principal and interest will be paid when due. Insurance does not guarantee the price of the bond. The guarantee is purchased from a private, nongovernmental insurance company.
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There are two types of insured securities that may be purchased by the funds: bonds carrying either (1) new issue insurance; or (2) secondary insurance. New issue insurance is purchased by the issuer of a bond in an effort to improve the bonds credit rating. By meeting the insurers standards and paying an insurance premium based on the bonds principal value, the issuer may be able to obtain a higher credit rating for the bond. The credit rating assigned to an insured municipal bond will usually reflect the financial strength of the issuer or insurer, whichever is higher. Once purchased, municipal bond insurance cannot be canceled, and the protection it affords continues as long as the bonds are outstanding and the insurer remains solvent.
The funds may also purchase bonds that carry secondary insurance purchased by an investor after a bonds original issuance. Such policies insure a security for the remainder of its term. Generally, the funds expect that portfolio bonds carrying secondary insurance will have been insured by a prior investor. However, the funds may, on occasion, purchase secondary insurance on their own behalf.
Each of the municipal bond insurance companies has established reserves to cover estimated losses. Both the method of establishing these reserves and the amount of the reserves vary from company to company. The risk that a municipal bond insurance company may experience a claim extends over the life of each insured bond. Municipal bond insurance companies are obligated to pay a bonds interest and principal when due if the issuing entity defaults on the insured bond. Defaults on insured municipal bonds have been fairly low to date, but certain of these insurers ratings have been downgraded and they are no longer insuring newly issued bonds. It is possible that there could be additional insurer downgrades and that default rates on insured bonds could increase substantially, which could further deplete an insurers loss reserves and adversely affect the ability of a municipal bond insurer to pay claims to holders of insured bonds, such as the funds. The inability of an insurer to pay a particular claim, or a downgrade of the insurers rating, could adversely affect the values of all the bonds it insures despite the quality of the underlying issuer. The number of municipal bond insurers is relatively small and, therefore, a significant amount of a municipal bond funds assets may be insured by a single issuer.
High-Yield Securities Lower-quality bonds, commonly referred to as junk bonds, are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Because investment in low- and lower-medium-quality bonds involves greater investment risk, to the extent the funds invest in such bonds, achievement of their investment objectives will be more dependent on T. Rowe Prices credit analysis than would be the case if the funds were investing in higher-quality bonds. High-yield bonds may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic conditions than investment-grade bonds. A projection of an economic downturn or higher interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in high-yield bond prices because the advent of such events could lessen the ability of highly leveraged issuers to make principal and interest payments on their debt securities. In addition, the secondary trading market for high-yield bonds may be less liquid than the market for higher-grade bonds, which can adversely affect the ability of the funds to dispose of their portfolio securities. Bonds for which there is only a thin market can be more difficult to value because objective pricing data may be less available and judgment would therefore play a greater role in the valuation process.
Risk Factors of Investing in Taxable and Tax-Free Money Market Funds
The T. Rowe Price money market funds will limit their purchases of portfolio instruments to those U.S. dollar-denominated securities which the funds Boards determine present minimal credit risk and which are eligible securities as defined in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. Eligible securities are generally securities which have been rated (or whose issuer has been rated or whose issuer has comparable securities rated) in one of the two highest short-term rating categories (which may include sub-categories) by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) or, in the case of any instrument that is not so rated, is of comparable high quality as determined by T. Rowe Price pursuant to written guidelines established under the supervision of the funds Boards. In addition, the funds may treat certain variable and floating rate instruments with demand features as short-term securities pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act.
There can be no assurance that the funds will achieve their investment objectives or be able to maintain their net asset values per share at $1.00. The price of the funds is not guaranteed or insured by the U.S. government and their yields are not fixed. While the funds invest in high-grade money market instruments, investment in
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the funds is not without risk even if all portfolio instruments are paid in full at maturity. An increase in interest rates could reduce the value of the funds portfolio investments, and a decline in interest rates could increase the value. In addition, the SEC has proposed amendments to money market fund rules which, if adopted, could impact money market fund pricing and/or operations.
State Tax-Free Funds
The following information about the state tax-free funds is updated in June of each year. More current information is available in shareholder reports for these funds.
California Tax-Free Bond and California Tax-Free Money Funds
Risk Factors Associated with a California Portfolio
The funds concentration in the debt obligations of a single state carries a higher risk than a portfolio that is more geographically diversified.
Types of Municipal Debt The funds invest in municipal bonds and other municipal debt instruments issued by the state of California and its various political subdivisions and agencies. The issuers of these debt obligations include the state of California and its agencies and authorities, counties and municipalities and their agencies and authorities, various California public institutions of higher education, and certain California not-for-profit organizations (e.g., hospitals, private colleges, and nursing homes). The credit quality and risks of these investments will vary according to each securitys structure and underlying economics.
Debt is issued for a wide variety of public purposes, including transportation, housing, education, electric power, and healthcare. The state of California, and its local governments, agencies and authorities, issue two basic types of debt: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. General obligation bonds are backed by the unlimited taxing power of the issuer. However, bonds issued by certain counties, municipalities, and agencies of the state and local government are not backed by the full faith and credit of the state. Revenue bonds are typically secured by specific pledged fees or charges for a related project, such as fees generated from the use of facilities or enterprises financed by the bonds. As part of its cash management program, the state regularly issues short-term notes to meet its disbursement requirements in advance of the receipt of revenues. Included within the revenue bond sector are tax-exempt lease obligations that are subject to annual appropriations of a governmental body, usually with no implied tax or specific revenue pledge. Local governments also raise capital through the use of Mello-Roos, 1915 Act Bonds, and Tax Increment Bonds, all of which are generally riskier than general obligation debt as they often rely on tax revenues to be generated by future development for their support.
The funds may also invest in private activity bond issues for corporate and nonprofit borrowers. Sold through various governmental conduits, these issues are backed solely by the revenues pledged by the respective borrowing corporations. No governmental support is provided or implied.
Political and Legislative Conditions Certain provisions of the California state constitution and state statutes limit the taxing and spending authority of California governmental entities, thus affecting their ability to meet debt service obligations. For example, the constitution limits ad valorem taxes on real property to 1% of full cash value and restricts the ability of taxing entities to increase real property taxes. It also prohibits the state from spending revenues beyond its annually adjusted appropriations limit. Yet another provision further restricts the ability of local governments to levy and collect existing and future taxes, assessments, and fees. In addition to limiting the financial flexibility of local governments in the state, the provision also increases the possibility of voter-determined tax rollbacks and repeals.
One effect of the tax and spending limitations in California has been a broad scale shift by local governments away from general obligation debt requiring voter approval and pledging of future tax revenues toward lease revenue financing that is subject to abatement and does not require voter approval. Lease-backed debt is generally viewed as a less secure form of borrowing and therefore entails greater credit risk.
Future initiatives, if proposed and adopted, or future court decisions could create renewed pressure on California governments and their ability to raise revenues. Although Orange County notably filed for
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protection under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in 1994, overall the state and its underlying governments have displayed flexibility in overcoming the negative effects of past initiatives.
Economic and Financial Conditions To a large degree, the credit risk of the portfolios is dependent upon the financial strength of the state of California, its localities and agencies. Financial strength is, in turn, influenced by changing economic conditions which affect the level of taxes collected and revenues earned. While Californias economy has been diverse and resilient, and is typically the largest among the 50 states, the state of California is also normally among the most highly indebted states in the nation. The state has historically experienced more extreme swings in employment levels and property values relative to the rest of the country. In addition, California is more prone to earthquakes and other natural disasters, which can result in sudden economic downturns and the unexpected inability of issuers to meet their obligations, as well as a long-lasting negative impact on the overall California municipal securities market. More detailed information regarding economic conditions and the financial strength of California is available in the funds annual and semi-annual shareholder reports.
Sectors Investment concentration in a particular sector can present unique risks. For example, a significant portion of the funds assets may be invested in issues related to health care providers. The hospital industry has been under significant pressure to reduce expenses and shorten length of hospital stays, a phenomenon that has negatively affected the financial health of some hospitals. All hospitals are dependent on third-party reimbursement mechanisms that are typically complex, subject to numerous conditions, and uncertain as to how long they will continue.
The funds may from time to time invest in electric revenue issues. The financial performance of these utilities was impacted by the industrys moves toward deregulation and increased competition. Californias original electric utility restructuring plan proved to be flawed as it placed over-reliance on the spot market for power purchases during a period of substantial supply and demand imbalance. Now that deregulation has been suspended, municipal utilities face a more traditional set of challenges. In particular, some electric revenue issuers have exposure to or participate in nuclear power plants, which could affect the issuers financial performance. Other risks include unexpected outages, plant shutdowns, and more stringent environmental regulations.
Georgia Tax-Free Bond Fund
Risk Factors Associated with a Georgia Portfolio
The funds concentration in the debt obligations of a single state carries a higher risk than a portfolio that is more geographically diversified.
Types of Municipal Debt The fund invests in municipal bonds and other municipal debt instruments issued by the state of Georgia and its various political subdivisions and agencies. The issuers of these debt obligations include the state of Georgia and its agencies and authorities, counties and municipalities and their agencies and authorities, various Georgia public institutions of higher education, and certain Georgia not-for-profit organizations (e.g., hospitals, private colleges, and nursing homes). The credit quality and risks of these investments will vary according to each securitys structure and underlying economics.
The state of Georgia, and its local governments, agencies and authorities, issue two basic types of debt: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. General obligation bonds are backed by the unlimited taxing power of the issuer. However, bonds issued by certain counties, municipalities, and agencies of the state and local government are not backed by the full faith and credit of the state and may or may not be subject to annual appropriations from the states general fund. Revenue bonds are typically secured by specific pledged fees or charges for a related project, such as fees generated from the use of facilities or enterprises financed by the bonds. Included within the revenue bond sector are tax-exempt lease obligations that are subject to annual appropriations of a governmental body, usually with no implied tax or specific revenue pledge.
The Georgia Constitution imposes certain debt limits and controls. The states general obligation debt service cannot exceed 10% of total revenue receipts less refunds of the state treasury and state-issued general obligation bonds have a 25-year maturity limit. The state also established debt affordability limits which
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provide that outstanding debt will not exceed 2.7% of personal income or that maximum annual debt service will not exceed 5% of the prior years revenues.
The fund may also invest in private activity bond issues for corporate and nonprofit borrowers. Sold through various governmental conduits, these issues are backed solely by the revenues pledged by the respective borrowing corporations. No governmental support is provided or implied.
Economic and Financial Conditions To a large degree, the credit risk of the portfolio is dependent upon the financial strength of the state of Georgia, its localities and agencies. Financial strength is, in turn, influenced by changing economic conditions which affect the level of taxes collected and revenues earned. While local governments in Georgia are primarily reliant on independent revenue sources, such as property taxes, they are not immune to budget shortfalls caused by cutbacks in state aid. More detailed information regarding economic conditions and the financial strength of Georgia is available in the funds annual and semi-annual shareholder reports.
Sectors Investment concentration in a particular sector can present unique risks. For example, a significant portion of the funds assets may be invested in issues related to health care providers. The hospital industry has been under significant pressure to reduce expenses and shorten length of hospital stays, a phenomenon that has negatively affected the financial health of some hospitals. All hospitals are dependent on third-party reimbursement mechanisms that are typically complex, subject to numerous conditions, and uncertain as to how long they will continue.
The fund may from time to time invest in electric revenue issues that have exposure to or participate in nuclear power plants, which could affect the issuers financial performance. Such risks include delay in construction and operation due to increased regulation, unexpected outages or plant shutdowns, increased Nuclear Regulatory Commission surveillance, or inadequate rate relief. In addition, the financial performance of electric utilities may be impacted by increased competition and deregulation of the industry.
The fund may invest in issues related to life care, which includes nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and continuing care retirement communities. These bonds are typically issued with longer-term maturities, although they are usually callable by the issuer on prescribed dates before maturity. Many life care municipal bonds are considered below investment-grade or are not rated by a credit rating agency. Reasons for the higher credit risk include uncertainty over future regulations and Medicaid funding, increased competition, and a lack of affordability.
Maryland Short-Term Tax-Free Bond, Maryland Tax-Free Bond, and Maryland Tax-Free Money Funds
Risk Factors Associated with a Maryland Portfolio
The funds concentration in the debt obligations of a single state carries a higher risk than a portfolio that is more geographically diversified.
Types of Municipal Debt The funds invest in municipal bonds and other municipal debt instruments issued by the state of Maryland and its various political subdivisions and agencies. The issuers of these debt obligations include the state of Maryland and its agencies and authorities, counties and municipalities and their agencies and authorities, various Maryland public institutions of higher education, and certain Maryland not-for-profit organizations (e.g., hospitals, private colleges, and nursing homes). The credit quality and risks of these investments will vary according to each securitys structure and underlying economics.
The state of Maryland, and its local governments, agencies and authorities, issue two basic types of debt: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. General obligation bonds are backed by the unlimited taxing power of the issuer. However, many counties, municipalities, and agencies of the state and local government are authorized to borrow money under laws expressly providing that the loan obligations are not debts or pledges of the full faith and credit of the state. The state constitution imposes a 15-year maturity limit on state-issued general obligation bonds. Revenue bonds are typically secured by specific pledged fees or charges for a related project, such as fees generated from the use of facilities or enterprises financed by the bonds. Included within the revenue bond sector are tax-exempt lease obligations that are subject to annual appropriations of a governmental body, usually with no implied tax or specific revenue pledge.
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The fund may also purchase municipal bonds and other municipal debt instruments that are issued by the District of Columbia, or one of its agencies or authorities, but provide for dual income tax exemption in the District of Columbia and Maryland. Such investments are normally revenue bonds that derive their revenues from projects or facilities with economic and geographic ties to both the District of Columbia and Maryland.
The funds may also invest in private activity bond issues for corporate and nonprofit borrowers. Sold through various governmental conduits, these issues are backed solely by the revenues pledged by the respective borrowing corporations. No governmental support is provided or implied.
Economic and Financial Conditions To a large degree, the credit risk of the portfolios is dependent upon the financial strength of the state of Maryland, its localities and agencies. Financial strength is, in turn, influenced by changing economic conditions which affect the level of taxes collected and revenues earned. More detailed information regarding economic conditions and the financial strength of Maryland is available in the funds annual and semi-annual shareholder reports.
Sectors Investment concentration in a particular sector can present unique risks. For example, a significant portion of the funds assets may be invested in issues related to health care providers. The hospital industry has been under significant pressure to reduce expenses and shorten length of hospital stays, a phenomenon that has negatively affected the financial health of some hospitals. All hospitals are dependent on third-party reimbursement mechanisms that are typically complex, subject to numerous conditions, and of uncertain duration.
The funds may from time to time invest in electric revenue issues that have exposure to or participate in nuclear power plants, which could affect the issuers financial performance. Such risks include delay in construction and operation due to increased regulation, unexpected outages or plant shutdowns, increased Nuclear Regulatory Commission surveillance, or inadequate rate relief. In addition, the financial performance of electric utilities may be impacted by increased competition and deregulation of the industry.
The funds may invest in issues related to life care, which includes nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and continuing care retirement communities. These bonds are typically issued with longer-term maturities, although they are usually callable by the issuer on prescribed dates before maturity. Many life care municipal bonds are considered below investment-grade or are not rated by a credit rating agency. Reasons for the higher credit risk include uncertainty over future regulations and Medicaid funding, increased competition, and a lack of affordability.
New Jersey Tax-Free Bond Fund
Risk Factors Associated with a New Jersey Portfolio
The funds concentration in the debt obligations of a single state carries a higher risk than a portfolio that is more geographically diversified.
Types of Municipal Debt The fund invests in municipal bonds and other municipal debt instruments issued by the state of New Jersey and its various political subdivisions and agencies. The issuers of these debt obligations include the state of New Jersey and its agencies and authorities, counties and municipalities and their agencies and authorities, various New Jersey public institutions of higher education, and certain New Jersey not-for-profit organizations (e.g., hospitals, private colleges, and nursing homes). The credit quality and risks of these investments will vary according to each securitys structure and underlying economics.
The state of New Jersey, and its local governments, agencies and authorities, issue two basic types of debt: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. General obligation bonds are backed by the unlimited taxing power of the issuer. However, many counties, municipalities, and agencies of the state and local government are authorized to borrow money under laws expressly providing that the loan obligations are not debts or pledges of the full faith and credit of the state. Revenue bonds are typically secured by specific pledged fees or charges for a related project, such as fees generated from the use of facilities or enterprises financed by the bonds. Included within the revenue bond sector are tax-exempt lease obligations that are subject to annual appropriations of a governmental body, usually with no implied tax or specific revenue pledge.
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The majority of the states debt is appropriation-backed. This means that the debt service payments on these obligations must be funded annually by the state legislature, but the legislature has no legal obligation to continue to make such appropriations.
The fund may also invest in private activity bond issues for corporate and nonprofit borrowers. These issues are sold through various governmental conduits, such as the New Jersey Economic Development Authority and various local issuers, and are backed solely by the revenues pledged by the respective borrowing corporations. No governmental support is provided or implied. In the past, a number of New Jersey Economic Development Authority issues have defaulted as a result of borrower financial difficulties.
Economic and Financial Conditions To a large degree, the credit risk of the portfolio is dependent upon the financial strength of the state of New Jersey, its localities and agencies. Financial strength is, in turn, influenced by changing economic conditions which affect the level of taxes collected and revenues earned. The state of New Jersey is typically among the most highly indebted states in the nation. More detailed information regarding economic conditions and the financial strength of New Jersey is available in the funds annual and semi-annual shareholder reports.
Sectors Investment concentration in a particular sector can present unique risks. For example, a significant portion of the funds assets may be invested in issues related to health care providers. The hospital industry has been under significant pressure to reduce expenses and shorten length of hospital stays, a phenomenon that has negatively affected the financial health of some hospitals. All hospitals are dependent on third-party reimbursement mechanisms that are typically complex, subject to numerous conditions, and uncertain as to how long they will continue.
The fund may from time to time invest in electric revenue issues that have exposure to or participate in nuclear power plants, which could affect the issuers financial performance. Such risks include delay in construction and operation due to increased regulation, unexpected outages or plant shutdowns, increased Nuclear Regulatory Commission surveillance, or inadequate rate relief. In addition, the financial performance of electric utilities may be impacted by increased competition and deregulation of the industry.
The fund may invest in issues related to life care, which includes nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and continuing care retirement communities. These bonds are typically issued with longer-term maturities, although they are usually callable by the issuer on prescribed dates before maturity. Many life care municipal bonds are considered below investment-grade or are not rated by a credit rating agency. Reasons for the higher credit risk include uncertainty over future regulations and Medicaid funding, increased competition, and a lack of consumer affordability.
New York Tax-Free Bond and New York Tax-Free Money Funds
Risk Factors Associated with a New York Portfolio
The funds concentration in the debt obligations of a single state carries a higher risk than a portfolio that is more geographically diversified.
Types of Municipal Debt The funds invest in municipal bonds and other municipal debt instruments issued by the state of New York and its various political subdivisions and agencies. The issuers of these debt obligations include: the state of New York, New York City, and their agencies and authorities; counties, other municipalities, and their agencies and authorities; various New York public institutions of higher education; and certain New York not-for-profit organizations (e.g., hospitals, private colleges, and nursing homes). The credit quality and risks of these investments will vary according to each securitys structure and underlying economics.
The state of New York, and its local governments, agencies and authorities, issue two basic types of debt: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. General obligation bonds are backed by the unlimited taxing power of the issuer. However, bonds issued by certain counties, municipalities, and agencies of the state and local government are not backed by the full faith and credit of the state of New York or New York City. Revenue bonds are typically secured by specific pledged fees or charges for a related project, such as fees generated from the use of facilities or enterprises financed by the bonds. Included within the revenue bond
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sector are tax-exempt lease obligations that are subject to annual appropriations of a governmental body, usually with no implied tax or specific revenue pledge.
The majority of the states debt is appropriation-backed. This means that the debt service payments on these obligations must be funded annually by the state legislature, but the legislature has no legal obligation to continue to make such appropriations.
The funds may also invest in private activity bond issues for corporate and nonprofit borrowers. Sold through various governmental conduits, these issues are backed solely by the revenues pledged by the respective borrowing corporations. No governmental support is provided or implied.
Economic and Financial Conditions To a large degree, the credit risk of the portfolios is dependent upon the financial strength of the state of New York, its localities and agencies. Financial strength is, in turn, influenced by changing economic conditions which affect the level of taxes collected and revenues earned. The state of New York is typically among the most highly indebted states in the nation and New York City is typically one of the most indebted U.S. cities. More detailed information regarding economic conditions and the financial strength of New York is available in the funds annual and semi-annual shareholder reports.
Sectors Investment concentration in a particular sector can present unique risks. For example, a significant portion of the funds assets may be invested in issues related to health care providers. The hospital industry has been under significant pressure to reduce expenses and shorten length of hospital stays, a phenomenon that has negatively affected the financial health of some hospitals. All hospitals are dependent on third-party reimbursement mechanisms that are typically complex, subject to numerous conditions, and uncertain as to how long they will continue.
The funds may from time to time invest in electric revenue issues that have exposure to or participate in nuclear power plants, which could affect the issuers financial performance. Such risks include delay in construction and operation due to increased regulation, unexpected outages or plant shutdowns, increased Nuclear Regulatory Commission surveillance, or inadequate rate relief. In addition, the financial performance of electric utilities may be impacted by increased competition and deregulation of the industry.
The funds may invest in issues related to life care, which includes nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and continuing care retirement communities. These bonds are typically issued with longer-term maturities, although they are usually callable by the issuer on prescribed dates before maturity. Many life care municipal bonds are considered below investment-grade or are not rated by a credit rating agency. Reasons for the higher credit risk include uncertainty over future regulations and Medicaid funding, increased competition, and a lack of consumer affordability.
Virginia Tax-Free Bond Fund
Risk Factors Associated with a Virginia Portfolio
The funds concentration in the debt obligations of a single state carries a higher risk than a portfolio that is more geographically diversified.
Types of Municipal Debt The fund invests in municipal bonds and other municipal debt instruments issued by the commonwealth of Virginia and its various political subdivisions and agencies. The issuers of these debt obligations include the commonwealth of Virginia and its agencies and authorities, counties and municipalities and their agencies and authorities, various Virginia public institutions of higher education, and certain Virginia not-for-profit organizations (e.g., hospitals, private colleges, and nursing homes). The credit quality and risks of these investments will vary according to each securitys structure and underlying economics.
Debt is issued for a wide variety of public purposes, including transportation, housing, education, healthcare, and industrial development. The commonwealth of Virginia, and its local governments, agencies and authorities, issue two basic types of debt: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. General obligation bonds are backed by the unlimited taxing power of the issuer. Under Virginia law, general obligation debt is limited to 1.15 times the average of the preceding three years income tax and sales and use collections. However, bonds issued by many counties, municipalities, and agencies of the commonwealth and local
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government are not backed by the full faith and credit of the commonwealth but instead are subject to annual appropriations from the commonwealths general fund. Revenue bonds are typically secured by specific pledged fees or charges for a related project, such as fees generated from the use of facilities or enterprises financed by the bonds. Included within the revenue bond sector are tax-exempt lease obligations that are subject to annual appropriations of a governmental body, usually with no implied tax or specific revenue pledge.
The fund may also purchase municipal bonds and other municipal debt instruments that are issued by the District of Columbia, or one of its agencies or authorities, but provide for dual income tax exemption in the District of Columbia and Virginia. Such investments are normally revenue bonds that derive their revenues from projects or facilities with economic and geographic ties to both the District of Columbia and Virginia.
The fund may also invest in private activity bond issues for corporate and nonprofit borrowers. Sold through various governmental conduits, these issues are backed solely by the revenues pledged by the respective borrowing corporations. No governmental support is provided or implied.
Economic and Financial Conditions To a large degree, the credit risk of the portfolio is dependent upon the financial strength of the commonwealth of Virginia, its localities and agencies. Financial strength is, in turn, influenced by changing economic conditions which affect the level of taxes collected and revenues earned. While local governments in Virginia are primarily reliant on independent revenue sources, such as property taxes, they are not immune to budget shortfalls caused by cutbacks in state aid. More detailed information regarding economic conditions and the financial strength of Virginia is available in the funds annual and semi-annual shareholder reports.
Sectors Investment concentration in a particular sector can present unique risks. For example, a significant portion of the funds assets may be invested in issues related to health care providers. The hospital industry has been under significant pressure to reduce expenses and shorten length of hospital stays, a phenomenon that has negatively affected the financial health of some hospitals. All hospitals are dependent on third-party reimbursement mechanisms that are typically complex, subject to numerous conditions, and uncertain as to how long they will continue.
The fund may from time to time invest in electric revenue issues that have exposure to or participate in nuclear power plants, which could affect the issuers financial performance. Such risks include delay in construction and operation due to increased regulation, unexpected outages or plant shutdowns, increased Nuclear Regulatory Commission surveillance, or inadequate rate relief. In addition, the financial performance of electric utilities may be impacted by increased competition and deregulation of the industry.
The fund may invest in issues related to life care, which includes nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and continuing care retirement communities. These bonds are typically issued with longer-term maturities, although they are usually callable by the issuer on prescribed dates before maturity. Many life care municipal bonds are considered below investment-grade or are not rated by a credit rating agency. Reasons for the higher credit risk include uncertainty over future regulations and Medicaid funding, increased competition, and a lack of affordability.
All State Tax-Free Funds
Puerto Rico From time to time, the funds may invest in obligations of the commonwealth of Puerto Rico and its public corporations, the interest of which may be exempt from U.S. federal, state, and local income taxes. As of May 1, 2013, the general obligation debt of Puerto Rico was rated Baa3 by Moodys, BBB- by S&P, and BBB- by Fitch. All three rating agencies have assigned a negative outlook. The credit ratings and negative outlook reflect, in part, their concerns regarding a weak economy, structural budget imbalances, underfunded pensions, and a rising debt burden.
Debt As of March 31, 2012, the outstanding debt of Puerto Rico totaled $68 billion. This includes bonds supported by the commonwealths general obligation pledge, appropriations or guarantee; public corporations such as highways, water and sewer, and electric power, and municipalities.
Guaranteed direct obligations of the commonwealth supported by a general obligation pledge are subject to limitations imposed by the commonwealths constitution. Debts of its municipalities are typically supported
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by property taxes and municipal license taxes, with support from the commonwealth, if necessary. Debts of its public corporations are generally supported by the entitys revenues or by the commonwealths appropriations or taxes.
Though different measures suggest Puerto Ricos debt burden is high relative to a U.S. state, the commonwealth issues or supports bonds on behalf of municipalities and other governmental units. In many cases, this type of debt would be issued by local government or public agencies which are independent entities in the U.S. One measure to monitor the commonwealth debt levels is by comparing the rate of growth of its debt to the rate of growth of its gross national product (GNP). For the five-year period ended in June 2011, total public sector debt increased by 38%, whereas nominal-GNP for the same five-year period increased by 8%.
Economy Puerto Ricos economy is closely linked to the United States. Like the United States, the commonwealth experienced an economic recession. Government officials estimate that the economy (as measured by real GNP) contracted 3.8% in 2009, 3.4% in 2010 and 1.5% in 2011, but likely stabilized somewhat during 2012 due to U.S. and local stimulus plans. The forecast for growth is lower than that of the United States.
Manufacturing, especially pharmaceuticals, is very important to the local economy. Manufacturing accounted for approximately 49% of GDP in 2011, and 10% of non-farm payroll employment. Services are another component of the local economy, and represented 41% of GDP and 59% of employment. Tourism is an important sub-sector of services, and an important driver of Puerto Ricos economy. While the number of tourists increased 4.1% between 2007 and 2011, visitors expenditures increased a higher 7.8% over this period.
For many years, U.S. companies operating in Puerto Rico were eligible to receive special tax treatment. Since 1976, Section 936 of the U.S. tax code entitled certain corporations to credit income derived from business activities in the commonwealth against their United States corporate income tax and spurred significant expansion in capital intensive manufacturing, particularly large pharmaceutical firms. The tax benefits, however, were eliminated beginning with the 2006 tax year. While the ultimate impact of the phase outs is being evaluated, indications are that major pharmaceutical, instrument, and electronic manufacturing firms have not exited the market, but employment in this sector is trending downward as some individual plants have closed while others have become more automated.
Financial Puerto Ricos general fund revenues, on a budgetary basis, were $8.0 billion in fiscal year 2011 (yielding a deficit of $1.1 billion) and fiscal year 2012 (unaudited) looks to have been very similar. The prior governor and his administration implemented various fiscal measures, including borrowings, stimulus plans, expense re-structuring, payroll cuts, and tax reform in an effort to reduce the budget gap. A balanced budget was originally projected for fiscal year 2013 but preliminary indications are that a deficit of up to $1.9 billion will occur. A new governor for the commonwealth was elected in November 2012; he is working on reforms and strategies to manage through the fiscal year 2013 budget gap as well as a likely budget gap in fiscal year 2014.
Types of Securities
Set forth below is additional information about certain of the investments described in the funds prospectuses.
Equity Securities
Common and preferred stocks both represent an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Common stock typically entitles the owner to vote on the election of directors and other important matters while preferred
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stock does not ordinarily carry voting rights. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of secured and unsecured creditors and owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred stock, and the owners of preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who own common stock.
Although owners of common stock are typically entitled to receive any dividends on such stock, owners of common stock participate in company profits on a pro-rata basis. Profits may be paid out in dividends or reinvested in the company to help it grow. Because increases and decreases in earnings are usually reflected in a companys stock price, common stocks generally have the greatest appreciation and depreciation potential of all corporate securities.
Preferred stock, unlike common stock, often has a stated dividend rate payable from the corporations earnings. Preferred stock dividends may be cumulative or non-cumulative, participating or non-participating, or adjustable rate. Cumulative dividend provisions require all or a portion of prior unpaid dividends to be paid before dividends can be paid to the issuers common stock, while a passed dividend on non-cumulative preferred stock is generally gone forever. Participating preferred stock may be entitled to a dividend exceeding the declared dividend in certain cases, while non-participating preferred stock is limited to the stipulated dividend. Adjustable rate preferred stock pays a dividend that is adjustable, usually quarterly, based on changes in certain interest rates. Convertible preferred stock is exchangeable for a specified number of common stock shares and is typically more volatile than non-convertible preferred stock, which tends to behave more like a bond.
The funds may make equity investments in companies through initial public offerings and by entering into privately negotiated transactions involving equity securities that are not yet publicly traded on a stock exchange. Stocks may also be purchased on a when-issued basis, which is used to refer to a security that has not yet been issued but that will be issued in the future. The term may be used for new stocks and stocks that have split but have not yet started trading.
Debt Securities
· U.S. Government Obligations Bills, notes, bonds, and other debt securities issued by the U.S. Treasury and backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. These are direct obligations of the U.S. government and differ mainly in the length of their maturities. U.S. Treasury Obligations may also include, among other things, the separately traded principal and interest components of securities guaranteed or issued by the U.S. Treasury if such components are traded independently under the Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities program (STRIPS), as well as Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS) whose principal value is periodically adjusted according to the rate of inflation.
· U.S. Government Agency Securities Issued or guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises and federal agencies. These include securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae or FNMA), GNMA, Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Land Banks, Farmers Home Administration, Banks for Cooperatives, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, Federal Financing Bank, Farm Credit Banks, the Small Business Association, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Some of these securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; the remainder are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality, which may or may not include the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. These may also include securities issued by eligible private institutions that are guaranteed by certain U.S. government agencies under authorized programs.
· Bank Obligations Certificates of deposit, bankers acceptances, and other short-term debt obligations. Certificates of deposit are short-term obligations of commercial banks. A bankers acceptance is a time draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with international commercial transactions. Certificates of deposit may have fixed or variable rates. The funds may invest in U.S. banks, foreign branches of U.S. banks, U.S. branches of foreign banks, and foreign branches of foreign banks.
· Savings and Loan Obligations Negotiable certificates of deposit and other short-term debt obligations of savings and loan associations.
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· Supranational Agencies Securities of certain supranational entities, such as the International Development Bank.
· Corporate Debt Securities Outstanding corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures). Corporate notes may have fixed, variable, or floating rates.
· Short-Term Corporate Debt Securities Outstanding nonconvertible corporate debt securities (e.g., bonds and debentures) which have one year or less remaining to maturity. Corporate notes may have fixed, variable, or floating rates.
· Commercial Paper and Commercial Notes Short-term promissory notes issued by corporations primarily to finance short-term credit needs. Certain notes may have floating or variable rates and may contain options, exercisable by either the buyer or the seller, that extend or shorten the maturity of the note.
· Foreign Government Securities Issued or guaranteed by a foreign government, province, instrumentality, political subdivision, or similar unit thereof.
· Funding Agreements Obligations of indebtedness negotiated privately between the funds and an insurance company. Often such instruments will have maturities with unconditional put features, exercisable by the funds, requiring return of principal within one year or less.
There are, of course, other types of securities that are or may become available that are similar to the foregoing, and the funds may invest in these securities.
Mortgage-Related Securities
· Mortgage-Backed Securities Mortgage-backed securities are securities representing an interest in a pool of mortgages. The mortgages may be of a variety of types, including adjustable rate, conventional 30-year and 15-year fixed rate, and graduated payment mortgages. Principal and interest payments made on the mortgages in the underlying mortgage pool are passed through to the funds. This is in contrast to traditional bonds where principal is normally paid back at maturity in a lump sum. Unscheduled prepayments of principal shorten the securities weighted average life and may lower their total return. (When a mortgage in the underlying mortgage pool is prepaid, an unscheduled principal prepayment is passed through to the funds. This principal is returned to the funds at par. As a result, if a mortgage security were trading at a premium, its total return would be lowered by prepayments, and if a mortgage security were trading at a discount, its total return would be increased by prepayments.) The value of these securities also may change because of changes in the markets perception of the creditworthiness of the federal agency that issued them or a downturn in housing prices. In addition, the mortgage securities market in general may be adversely affected by changes in governmental regulation or tax policies.
· U.S. Government Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities These are obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, such as GNMA, FNMA, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac or FHLMC), and the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac or FAMC). FNMA, FHLMC, and FAMC obligations are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government as GNMA certificates are, but they are supported by the instrumentalitys right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. On September 7, 2008, FNMA and FHLMC were placed under conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, an independent federal agency. U.S. Government Agency Mortgage-Backed Certificates provide for the pass-through to investors of their pro-rata share of monthly payments (including any prepayments) made by the individual borrowers on the pooled mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the guarantor of such securities and the servicer of the underlying mortgage loans. Each of GNMA, FNMA, FHLMC, and FAMC guarantees timely distributions of interest to certificate holders. GNMA and FNMA guarantee timely distributions of scheduled principal. FHLMC has in the past guaranteed only the ultimate collection of principal of the underlying mortgage loan; however, FHLMC now issues mortgage-backed securities (FHLMC Gold PCS) which also guarantee timely payment of monthly principal reductions.
· GNMA Certificates GNMA is a wholly owned corporate instrumentality of the United States within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The National Housing Act of 1934, as amended (the
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Housing Act), authorizes GNMA to guarantee the timely payment of the principal of and interest on certificates that are based on and backed by a pool of mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration under the Housing Act, or Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 (FHA Loans), or guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs under the Servicemens Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended (VA Loans), or by pools of other eligible mortgage loans. The Housing Act provides that the full faith and credit of the U.S. government is pledged to the payment of all amounts that may be required to be paid under any guaranty. In order to meet its obligations under such guaranty, GNMA is authorized to borrow from the U.S. Treasury with no limitations as to amount.
· FNMA Certificates FNMA is a federally chartered and privately owned corporation organized and existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act of 1938. FNMA Certificates represent a pro-rata interest in a group of mortgage loans purchased by FNMA. FNMA guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest on the securities it issues. The obligations of FNMA are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
· FHLMC Certificates FHLMC is a corporate instrumentality of the United States created pursuant to the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970, as amended (FHLMC Act). FHLMC Certificates represent a pro-rata interest in a group of mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. FHLMC guarantees timely payment of interest and principal on certain securities it issues and timely payment of interest and eventual payment of principal on other securities it issues. The obligations of FHLMC are obligations solely of FHLMC and are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
· FAMC Certificates FAMC is a federally chartered instrumentality of the United States established by Title VIII of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended (Charter Act). FAMC was chartered primarily to attract new capital for financing of agricultural real estate by making a secondary market in certain qualified agricultural real estate loans. FAMC provides guarantees of timely payment of principal and interest on securities representing interests in, or obligations backed by, pools of mortgages secured by first liens on agricultural real estate. Similar to FNMA and FHLMC, FAMC Certificates are not supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government; rather, FAMC may borrow from the U.S. Treasury to meet its guaranty obligations.
As discussed above, prepayments on the underlying mortgages and their effect upon the rate of return of a mortgage-backed security is the principal investment risk for a purchaser of such securities, like the funds. Over time, any pool of mortgages will experience prepayments due to a variety of factors, including (1) sales of the underlying homes (including foreclosures), (2) refinancings of the underlying mortgages, and (3) increased amortization by the mortgagee. These factors, in turn, depend upon general economic factors, such as level of interest rates and economic growth. Thus, investors normally expect prepayment rates to increase during periods of strong economic growth or declining interest rates, and to decrease in recessions and rising interest rate environments. Accordingly, the life of the mortgage-backed security is likely to be substantially shorter than the stated maturity of the mortgages in the underlying pool. Because of such variation in prepayment rates, it is not possible to predict the life of a particular mortgage-backed security, but FHA statistics indicate that 25- to 30-year single family dwelling mortgages have an average life of approximately 12 years. The majority of GNMA Certificates are backed by mortgages of this type, and, accordingly, the generally accepted practice treats GNMA Certificates as 30-year securities which prepay in full in the 12th year. FNMA and FHLMC Certificates may have differing prepayment characteristics.
Fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities bear a stated coupon rate which represents the effective mortgage rate at the time of issuance, less certain fees to GNMA, FNMA, and FHLMC for providing the guarantee, and the issuer for assembling the pool and for passing through monthly payments of interest and principal.
Payments to holders of mortgage-backed securities consist of the monthly distributions of interest and principal less the applicable fees. The actual yield to be earned by a holder of mortgage-backed securities is calculated by dividing interest payments by the purchase price paid for the mortgage-backed securities (which may be at a premium or a discount from the face value of the certificate).
Monthly distributions of interest, as contrasted to semiannual distributions which are common for other fixed interest investments, have the effect of compounding and thereby raising the effective annual yield earned on mortgage-backed securities. Because of the variation in the life of the pools of mortgages which back various
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mortgage-backed securities, and because it is impossible to anticipate the rate of interest at which future principal payments may be reinvested, the actual yield earned from a portfolio of mortgage-backed securities will differ significantly from the yield estimated by using an assumption of a certain life for each mortgage-backed security included in such a portfolio as described above.
· Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (CMBS) These are securities created from a pool of commercial mortgage loans, such as loans for hotels, restaurants, shopping centers, office buildings, and apartment buildings. Interest and principal payments from the underlying loans are passed through to the funds according to a schedule of payments. CMBS are structured similarly to mortgage-backed securities in that both are backed by mortgage payments. However, CMBS involve loans related to commercial property, whereas mortgage-backed securities are based on loans relating to residential property. Because commercial mortgages tend to be structured with prepayment penalties, CMBS generally carry less prepayment risk than loans backed by residential mortgages. Credit quality depends primarily on the quality of the loans themselves and on the structure of the particular deal. However, the value of these securities may change because of actual or perceived changes in the creditworthiness of the individual borrowers, their tenants, and servicing agents, or due to deterioration in the general state of commercial real estate or overall economic conditions.
· Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs) CMOs are bonds that are collateralized by whole loan mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities. The bonds issued in a CMO deal are divided into groups, and each group of bonds is referred to as a tranche. Under the traditional CMO structure, the cash flows generated by the mortgages or mortgage pass-through securities in the collateral pool are used to first pay interest and then pay principal to the CMO bondholders. The bonds issued under such a CMO structure are retired sequentially as opposed to the pro-rata return of principal found in traditional pass-through obligations. Subject to the various provisions of individual CMO issues, the cash flow generated by the underlying collateral (to the extent it exceeds the amount required to pay the stated interest) is used to retire the bonds. Under the CMO structure, the repayment of principal among the different tranches is prioritized in accordance with the terms of the particular CMO issuance. The fastest-pay tranche of bonds, as specified in the prospectus for the issuance, would initially receive all principal payments. When that tranche of bonds is retired, the next tranche, or tranches, in the sequence, as specified in the prospectus, receive all of the principal payments until they are retired. The sequential retirement of bond groups continues until the last tranche, or group of bonds, is retired. Accordingly, the CMO structure allows the issuer to use cash flows of long maturity, monthly pay collateral to formulate securities with short, intermediate, and long final maturities and expected average lives.
In recent years, new types of CMO tranches have evolved. These include floating-rate CMOs, planned amortization classes, accrual bonds, and CMO residuals. These newer structures affect the amount and timing of principal and interest received by each tranche from the underlying collateral. Under certain of these new structures, given classes of CMOs have priority over others with respect to the receipt of prepayments on the mortgages. Therefore, depending on the type of CMOs in which the funds invest, the investment may be subject to a greater or lesser risk of prepayment than other types of mortgage-related securities.
The primary risk of any mortgage security is the uncertainty of the timing of cash flows. For CMOs, the primary risk results from the rate of prepayments on the underlying mortgages serving as collateral and from the structure of the deal (priority of the individual tranches). An increase or decrease in prepayment rates (resulting from a decrease or increase in mortgage interest rates) will affect the yield, average life, and price of CMOs. The prices of certain CMOs, depending on their structure and the rate of prepayments, can be volatile. Some CMOs may also not be as liquid as other securities.
· U.S. Government Agency Multi-Class Pass-Through Securities Unlike CMOs, U.S. Government Agency Multi-Class Pass-Through Securities, which include FNMA Guaranteed Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit Pass-Through Certificates and FHLMC Multi-Class Mortgage Participation Certificates, are ownership interests in a pool of mortgage assets. Unless the context indicates otherwise, all references herein to CMOs include multi-class pass-through securities.
· Multi-Class Residential Mortgage Securities Such securities represent interests in pools of mortgage loans to residential home buyers made by commercial banks, savings and loan associations, or other financial institutions. Unlike GNMA, FNMA, and FHLMC securities, the payment of principal and interest on Multi-
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Class Residential Mortgage Securities is not guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies. Accordingly, yields on Multi-Class Residential Mortgage Securities have been historically higher than the yields on U.S. government mortgage securities. However, the risk of loss due to default on such instruments is higher since they are not guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies. Additionally, pools of such securities may be divided into senior or subordinated segments. Although subordinated mortgage securities may have a higher yield than senior mortgage securities, the risk of loss of principal is greater because losses on the underlying mortgage loans must be borne by persons holding subordinated securities before those holding senior mortgage securities.
· Privately Issued Mortgage-Backed Certificates These are pass-through certificates issued by nongovernmental issuers. Pools of conventional residential or commercial mortgage loans created by such issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government guarantees of payment. Timely payment of interest and principal of these pools is, however, generally supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool, and hazard insurance. The insurance and guarantees are issued by government entities, private insurance, or the mortgage poolers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the funds quality standards. The funds may buy mortgage-related securities without insurance or guarantees if through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the poolers, the investment manager determines that the securities meet the funds quality standards.
· Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities These instruments represent interests in a pool of mortgages, the cash flow of which has been separated into its interest and principal components. Interest only securities (IOs) receive the interest portion of the cash flow while principal only securities (POs) receive the principal portion. IOs and POs are usually structured as tranches of a CMO. Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities may be issued by U.S. government agencies or by private issuers similar to those described above with respect to CMOs and privately issued mortgage-backed certificates. As interest rates rise and fall, the value of IOs tends to move in the same direction as interest rates. The value of the PO, as with other mortgage-backed securities described herein, and other debt instruments, will tend to move in the opposite direction compared to interest rates. Under the Code, POs may generate taxable income from the current accrual of original issue discount, without a corresponding distribution of cash to the funds.
The cash flows and yields on IO and PO classes are extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets. In the case of IOs, prepayments affect the amount of cash flows provided to the investor. In contrast, prepayments on the mortgage pool affect the timing of cash flows received by investors in POs. For example, a rapid or slow rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the prices of IOs or POs, respectively. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, investors may fail to fully recoup their initial investment in an IO class of a stripped mortgage-backed security, even if the IO class is rated AAA or Aaa or is derived from a full faith and credit obligation. Conversely, if the underlying mortgage assets experience slower than anticipated prepayments of principal, the price on a PO class will be affected more severely than would be the case with a traditional mortgage-backed security.
The determination of whether a particular IO or PO is liquid is made on a case by case basis under guidelines and standards established by the funds Boards. The funds Boards have delegated to T. Rowe Price the authority to determine the liquidity of these instruments based on a number of factors such as: the type of issuer; type of collateral, including age and prepayment characteristics; rate of interest on coupon relative to current market rates and the effect of the rate on the potential for prepayments; complexity of the issues structure, including the number of tranches; and size of the issue and the number of dealers who make a market in the IO or PO.
· Adjustable Rate Mortgage Securities (ARMs) ARMs, like fixed-rate mortgages, have a specified maturity date, and the principal amount of the mortgage is repaid over the life of the mortgage. Unlike fixed-rate mortgages, the interest rate on ARMs is adjusted at regular intervals based on a specified, published interest rate index such as a Treasury rate index. The new rate is determined by adding a specific interest amount, the margin, to the interest rate of the index. Investment in ARMs allows the funds to participate in changing
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interest rate levels through regular adjustments in the coupons of the underlying mortgages, resulting in more variable current income and lower price volatility than longer-term fixed-rate mortgage securities. ARMs are a less effective means of locking in long-term rates than fixed-rate mortgages since the income from adjustable rate mortgages will increase during periods of rising interest rates and decline during periods of falling rates.
· Other Mortgage-Related Securities Governmental, government-related, or private entities may create mortgage loan pools offering pass-through investments in addition to those described above. The mortgages underlying these securities may be alternative mortgage instruments, that is, mortgage instruments whose principal or interest payments may vary or whose terms to maturity may differ from customary long-term fixed-rate mortgages. As new types of mortgage-related securities are developed and offered to investors, the investment manager will, consistent with the funds objectives, policies, and quality standards, consider making investments in such new types of securities.
Asset-Backed Securities
Background The asset-backed securities (ABS) market has been one of the fastest growing sectors of the U.S. fixed-income market since its inception in late 1985. Although initial ABS transactions were backed by auto loans and credit card receivables, todays market has evolved to include a variety of asset types including home equity loans, student loans, equipment leases, stranded utility costs, and collateralized bond/loan obligations. For investors, securitization typically provides an opportunity to invest in high-quality securities with higher credit ratings and less downgrade/event risk than corporate bonds. Unlike mortgages, prepayments on ABS collateral are less sensitive to changes in interest rates. They can also be structured into classes that meet the markets demand for various maturities and credit quality.
Structure Asset-backed securities are bonds that represent an ownership interest in a pool of receivables sold by originators into a special purpose vehicle (SPV). The collateral types can vary, so long as they are secured by homogeneous assets with relatively predictable cash flows. Assets that are transferred through a sale to a SPV are legally separated from those of the seller/servicer, which insulates investors from bankruptcy or other event risk associated with the seller/servicer of those assets. Most senior tranches of ABS are structured to a triple-A rated level through credit enhancement; however, ABS credit ratings range from AAA to non-investment-grade. Many ABS transactions are structured to include payout events/performance triggers which provide added protection against deteriorating credit quality.
ABS structures are generally categorized by two distinct types of collateral. Amortizing assets (such as home equity loans, auto loans, and equipment leases) typically pass through principal and interest payments directly to investors, while revolving assets (such as credit card receivables, home equity lines of credit, and dealer floor-plan loans) typically reinvest principal and interest payments in new collateral for a specified period of time. The majority of amortizing transactions are structured as straight sequential-pay transactions. In these structures, all principal amortization and prepayments are directed to the shortest maturity class until it is retired, then to the next shortest class and so on. The majority of revolving assets are structured as bullets, whereby investors receive periodic interest payments and only one final payment of principal at maturity.
Underlying Assets The asset-backed securities that may be purchased include securities backed by pools of mortgage-related receivables known as home equity loans, or of consumer receivables such as automobile loans or credit card loans. Other types of ABS may also be purchased. The credit quality of most asset-backed securities depends primarily on the credit quality of the assets underlying such securities, how well the entity issuing the securities is insulated from the credit risk of the originator or any other affiliated entities, and the amount and quality of any credit support provided to the securities. The rate of principal payment on asset-backed securities generally depends on the rate of principal payments received on the underlying assets, which in turn may be affected by a variety of economic and other factors. As a result, the yield and return on any asset-backed security is difficult to predict with precision and actual return or yield to maturity may be more or less than the anticipated return or yield to maturity.
Methods of Allocating Cash Flows While some asset-backed securities are issued with only one class of security, many asset-backed securities are issued in more than one class, each with different payment terms. Multiple class asset-backed securities are issued for two main reasons. First, multiple classes may be used as a
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method of providing credit support. This is accomplished typically through creation of one or more classes whose right to payments on the asset-backed security is made subordinate to the right to such payments of the remaining class or classes. Second, multiple classes may permit the issuance of securities with payment terms, interest rates, or other characteristics differing both from those of each other and from those of the underlying assets. Asset-backed securities in which the payment streams on the underlying assets are allocated in a manner different than those described above may be issued in the future. The funds may invest in such asset-backed securities if the investment is otherwise consistent with the funds investment objectives, policies, and restrictions.
Types of Credit Support Asset-backed securities are typically backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a diversified pool of numerous obligors. To lessen the effect of failures by obligors on the ability of underlying assets to make payments, such securities may contain elements of credit support. Such credit support falls into two classes: liquidity protection and protection against ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that scheduled payments on the underlying pool are made in a timely fashion. Protection against ultimate default ensures ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. Such protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies, or letters of credit obtained from third parties, external credit enhancement, through various means of structuring the transaction, internal credit enhancement, or through a combination of such approaches. Examples of asset-backed securities with credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include:
· Excess Spread Typically, the first layer of protection against losses, equal to the cash flow from the underlying receivables remaining after deducting the sum of the investor coupon, servicing fees, and losses.
· Subordination Interest and principal that would have otherwise been distributed to a subordinate class is used to support the more senior classes. This feature is intended to enhance the likelihood that the holder of the senior class certificate will receive regular payments of interest and principal. Subordinate classes have a greater risk of loss than senior classes.
· Reserve Funds Cash that is deposited and/or captured in a designated account that may be used to cover any shortfalls in principal, interest, or servicing fees.
· Overcollateralization A form of credit enhancement whereby the principal amount of collateral used to secure a given transaction exceeds the principal of the securities issued. Overcollateralization can be created at the time of issuance or may build over time.
· Surety Bonds Typically consist of third-party guarantees to irrevocably and unconditionally make timely payments of interest and ultimate repayment of principal in the event there are insufficient cash flows from the underlying collateral.
The degree of credit support provided on each issue is based generally on historical information respecting the level of credit risk associated with such payments. Depending upon the type of assets securitized, historical information on credit risk and prepayment rates may be limited or even unavailable. Delinquency or loss in excess of that anticipated could adversely affect the return on an investment in an asset-backed security. There is no guarantee that the amount of any type of credit enhancement available will be sufficient to protect against future losses on the underlying collateral.
Some of the specific types of ABS that the funds may invest in include the following:
· Home Equity Loans These ABS typically are backed by pools of mortgage loans made to subprime borrowers or borrowers with blemished credit histories. The underwriting standards for these loans are more flexible than the standards generally used by banks for borrowers with non-blemished credit histories with regard to the borrowers credit standing and repayment ability. Borrowers who qualify generally have impaired credit histories, which may include a record of major derogatory credit items such as outstanding judgments or prior bankruptcies. In addition, they may not have the documentation required to qualify for a standard mortgage loan.
As a result, the mortgage loans in the mortgage pool are likely to experience rates of delinquency, foreclosure, and bankruptcy that are higher, and that may be substantially higher, than those experienced by mortgage
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loans underwritten in a more traditional manner. Furthermore, changes in the values of the mortgaged properties, as well as changes in interest rates, may have a greater effect on the delinquency, foreclosure, bankruptcy, and loss experience of the mortgage loans in the mortgage pool than on mortgage loans originated in a more traditional manner.
With respect to first lien mortgage loans, the underwriting standards do not prohibit a mortgagor from obtaining, at the time of origination of the originators first lien mortgage loan, additional financing which is subordinate to that first lien mortgage loan, which subordinate financing would reduce the equity the mortgagor would otherwise appear to have in the related mortgaged property as indicated in the loan-to-value ratio.
Risk regarding mortgage rates
The pass-through rates on the adjustable-rate certificates may adjust monthly and are generally based on one-month LIBOR. The mortgage rates on the mortgage loans are either fixed or adjusted semiannually based on six-month LIBOR, which is referred to as a mortgage index. Because the mortgage index may respond to various economic and market factors different than those affecting one-month LIBOR, there is not necessarily a correlation in the movement between the interest rates on those mortgage loans and the pass-through rates of the adjustable rate certificates. As a result, the interest payable on the related interest-bearing certificates may be reduced because of the imposition of a pass-through rate cap called the net rate cap.
Yield and reinvestment could be adversely affected by unpredictability of prepayments
No one can accurately predict the level of prepayments that an asset-backed mortgage pool may experience. Factors which influence prepayment behavior include general economic conditions, the level of prevailing interest rates, the availability of alternative financing, the applicability of prepayment charges, and homeowner mobility. Reinvestment risk results from a faster or slower rate of principal payments than expected. A rising interest rate environment and the resulting slowing of prepayments could result in greater volatility of these securities. A falling interest rate environment and the resulting increase in prepayments could require reinvestment in lower yielding securities.
Credit Card-Backed Securities These ABS are backed by revolving pools of credit card receivables. Due to the revolving nature of these assets, the credit quality could change over time. Unlike most other asset-backed securities, credit card receivables are unsecured obligations of the cardholder and payments by cardholders are the primary source of payment on these securities. The revolving nature of these card accounts generally provides for monthly payments to the trust. In order to issue securities with longer dated maturities, most Credit Card-Backed Securities are issued with an initial revolving period during which collections are reinvested in new receivables. The revolving period may be shortened upon the occurrence of specified events which may signal a potential deterioration in the quality of the assets backing the security.
Automobile Loans These ABS are backed by receivables from motor vehicle installment sales contracts or installment loans secured by motor vehicles. These securities are primarily discrete pools of assets which pay down over the life of the ABS. The securities are not obligations of the seller of the vehicle, or servicer of the loans. The primary source of funds for payments on the securities comes from payment on the underlying trust receivables as well as from credit support.
Inflation-Linked Securities
Inflation-linked securities are income-generating instruments whose interest and principal payments are adjusted for inflationa sustained increase in prices that erodes the purchasing power of money. TIPS, or Treasury inflation-protected securities, are inflation-linked securities issued by the U.S. government. Inflation-linked bonds are also issued by corporations, U.S. government agencies, states, and foreign countries. The inflation adjustment, which is typically applied monthly to the principal of the bond, follows a designated inflation index, such as the consumer price index (CPI). A fixed coupon rate is applied to the inflation-adjusted principal so that as inflation rises, both the principal value and the interest payments increase. This can provide investors with a hedge against inflation, as it helps preserve the purchasing power of your investment. Because of this inflation-adjustment feature, inflation-protected bonds typically have lower yields
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than conventional fixed-rate bonds. Municipal inflation bonds generally have a fixed principal amount and the inflation component is reflected in the nominal coupon.
Inflation-protected bonds normally will decline in price when real interest rates rise. (A real interest rate is calculated by subtracting the inflation rate from a nominal interest rate. For example, if a 10-year Treasury note is yielding 5% and the rate of inflation is 2%, the real interest rate is 3%.) If inflation is negative, the principal and income of an inflation-protected bond will decline and could result in losses for the fund.
Inflation adjustments or TIPS that exceed deflation adjustments for the year will be distributed by a fund as a short-term capital gain, resulting in ordinary income to shareholders. Net deflation adjustments for a year could result in all or a portion of dividends paid earlier in the year by a fund being treated as a return of capital.
Collateralized Bond or Loan Obligations
Collateralized Bond Obligations (CBOs) are bonds collateralized by corporate bonds, mortgages, or asset-backed securities and Collateralized Loan Obligations (CLOs) are bonds collateralized by bank loans. CBOs and CLOs are structured into tranches, and payments are allocated such that each tranche has a predictable cash flow stream and average life. CBOs are fairly recent entrants to the fixed-income market. Most CBOs issued to date have been collateralized by high-yield bonds or loans, with heavy credit enhancement.
Loan Participations and Assignments
Loan participations and assignments (collectively, participations) will typically be participating interests in loans made by a syndicate of banks, represented by an agent bank which has negotiated and structured the loan, to corporate borrowers to finance internal growth, mergers, acquisitions, stock repurchases, leveraged buyouts, and other corporate activities. Such loans may also have been made to governmental borrowers, especially governments of developing countries which is referred to as Loans to Developing Countries debt (LDC debt). LDC debt will involve the risk that the governmental entity responsible for the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to do so when due. The loans underlying such participations may be secured or unsecured, and the funds may invest in loans collateralized by mortgages on real property or which have no collateral. The loan participations themselves may extend for the entire term of the loan or may extend only for short strips that correspond to a quarterly or monthly floating-rate interest period on the underlying loan. Thus, a term or revolving credit that extends for several years may be subdivided into shorter periods.
The loan participations in which the funds will invest will also vary in legal structure. Occasionally, lenders assign to another institution both the lenders rights and obligations under a credit agreement. Since this type of assignment relieves the original lender of its obligations, it is called a novation. More typically, a lender assigns only its right to receive payments of principal and interest under a promissory note, credit agreement, or similar document. A true assignment shifts to the assignee the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the underlying borrower. Alternatively, a lender may assign only part of its rights to receive payments pursuant to the underlying instrument or loan agreement. Such partial assignments, which are more accurately characterized as participating interests, do not shift the debtor-creditor relationship to the assignee, who must rely on the original lending institution to collect sums due and to otherwise enforce its rights against the agent bank which administers the loan or against the underlying borrower.
The determination of whether particular loan participations are liquid is made on a case by case basis under guidelines and standards established by the funds Boards. The funds Boards have delegated to T. Rowe Price the authority to determine the liquidity of these investments based on a number of factors. These factors may include: the frequency of trades and quotes for the loan; number of dealers willing to purchase or sell and number of other potential purchasers; nature of the trading market, such as the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and mechanics of the transfer; spreads between the bid and ask prices; and other factors relevant to loan participations taking into consideration their unique and longer settlement requirements.
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If the funds purchase a participation interest in another lenders loan, as opposed to acquiring a loan directly from a lender or through an agent or as an assignment from another lender, the funds will treat both the corporate borrower and the bank selling the participation interest as an issuer for purposes of its fundamental investment restriction on diversification.
Various service fees received by the funds from loan participations may be treated as non-interest income depending on the nature of the fee (commitment, takedown, commission, service, or loan origination). To the extent the service fees are not interest income, they will not qualify as income under Section 851(b) of the Code. Thus the sum of such fees plus any other nonqualifying income earned by the funds cannot exceed 10% of total income.
Zero-Coupon and Pay-in-Kind Bonds
A zero-coupon security has no cash coupon payments. Instead, the issuer sells the security at a substantial discount from its maturity value. The interest received by the investor from holding this security to maturity is the difference between the maturity value and the purchase price. The advantage to the investor is that reinvestment risk of the income received during the life of the bond is eliminated. However, zero-coupon bonds, like other bonds, retain interest rate and credit risk and usually display more price volatility than those securities that pay a cash coupon.
Pay-in-Kind (PIK) Instruments are securities that pay interest in either cash or additional securities, at the issuers option, for a specified period. PIKs, like zero-coupon bonds, are designed to give an issuer flexibility in managing cash flow. PIK bonds can be either senior or subordinated debt and trade flat (i.e., without accrued interest). The price of PIK bonds is expected to reflect the market value of the underlying debt plus an amount representing accrued interest since the last payment. PIKs are usually less volatile than zero-coupon bonds, but more volatile than cash pay securities.
For federal income tax purposes, these types of bonds will require the recognition of gross income each year even though no cash may be paid to the funds until the maturity or call date of the bond. The funds will nonetheless be required to distribute substantially all of this gross income each year to comply with the Code, and such distributions could reduce the amount of cash available for investment by the funds.
Trade Claims
Trade claims are non-securitized rights of payment arising from obligations other than borrowed funds. Trade claims typically arise when, in the ordinary course of business, vendors and suppliers extend credit to a company by offering payment terms. Generally, when a company files for bankruptcy protection, payments on these trade claims cease and the claims are subject to compromise along with the other debts of the company. Trade claims typically are bought and sold at a discount reflecting the degree of uncertainty with respect to the timing and extent of recovery. In addition to the risks otherwise associated with low-quality obligations, trade claims have other risks, including the possibility that the amount of the claim may be disputed by the obligor.
Many vendors are either unwilling or lack the resources to hold their claim through the extended bankruptcy process with an uncertain outcome and timing. Some vendors are also aggressive in establishing reserves against these receivables, so that the sale of the claim at a discount may not result in the recognition of a loss.
Trade claims can represent an attractive investment opportunity because these claims typically are priced at a discount to comparable public securities. This discount is a reflection of a less liquid market, a smaller universe of potential buyers, and the risks peculiar to trade claim investing. It is not unusual for trade claims to be priced at a discount to public securities that have an equal or lower priority claim.
As noted above, investing in trade claims does carry some unique risks which include:
· Establishing the Amount of the Claim Frequently, the suppliers estimate of its receivable will differ from the customers estimate of its payable. Resolution of these differences can result in a reduction in the amount of the claim. This risk can be reduced by only purchasing scheduled claims (claims already listed as liabilities by the debtor) and seeking representations from the seller.
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· Defenses to Claims The debtor has a variety of defenses that can be asserted under the bankruptcy code against any claim. Trade claims are subject to these defenses, the most common of which for trade claims relates to preference payments. (Preference payments are all payments made by the debtor during the 90 days prior to the filing. These payments are presumed to have benefited the receiving creditor at the expense of the other creditors. The receiving creditor may be required to return the payment unless it can show the payments were received in the ordinary course of business.) While none of these defenses can result in any additional liability of the purchaser of the trade claim, they can reduce or wipe out the entire purchased claim. This risk can be reduced by seeking representations and indemnification from the seller.
· Documentation/Indemnification Each trade claim purchased requires documentation that must be negotiated between the buyer and seller. This documentation is extremely important since it can protect the purchaser from losses such as those described above. Legal expenses in negotiating a purchase agreement can be fairly high. Additionally, it is important to note that the value of an indemnification depends on the sellers credit.
· Volatile Pricing Due to Illiquid Market There are only a handful of brokers for trade claims and the quoted price of these claims can be volatile. Generally, it is expected that trade claims would be considered illiquid investments.
· No Current Yield/Ultimate Recovery Trade claims are almost never entitled to earn interest. As a result, the return on such an investment is very sensitive to the length of the bankruptcy, which is uncertain. Although not unique to trade claims, it is worth noting that the ultimate recovery on the claim is uncertain and there is no way to calculate a conventional yield to maturity on this investment. Additionally, the exit for this investment is a plan of reorganization which may include the distribution of new securities. These securities may be as illiquid as the original trade claim investment.
· Tax Issue Although the issue is not free from doubt, it is likely that trade claims would be treated as non-securities investments. As a result, any gains would be considered nonqualifying under the Code. The funds may have up to 10% of their gross income (including capital gains) derived from nonqualifying sources.
Municipal Securities
Subject to the investment objectives and programs described in the prospectus and the additional investment restrictions described in this SAI, the funds portfolios may consist of any combination of the various types of municipal securities described below or other types of municipal securities that may be developed. The amount of the funds assets invested in any particular type of municipal security can be expected to vary.
The term municipal securities means obligations issued by or on behalf of states, territories, and possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia and their political subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities, as well as certain other persons and entities, the interest from which is generally exempt from federal income tax. In determining the tax-exempt status of a municipal security, the funds rely on the opinion of the issuers bond counsel at the time of the issuance of the security. However, it is possible this opinion could be overturned, and, as a result, the interest received by the funds from a municipal security assumed to be tax-exempt might not be exempt from federal income tax.
Municipal securities are normally classified by maturity as notes, bonds, or adjustable rate securities. Municipal securities include the following:
Municipal notes generally are used to provide short-term operating or capital needs and generally have maturities of one year or less.
· Tax Anticipation Notes Tax anticipation notes are issued to finance working capital needs of municipalities. Generally, they are issued in anticipation of various seasonal tax revenue, such as income, property, use, and business taxes, and are payable from these specific future taxes.
· Revenue Anticipation Notes Revenue anticipation notes are issued in expectation of receipt of revenues, such as sales taxes, toll revenues, or water and sewer charges, that are used to pay off the notes.
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· Bond Anticipation Notes Bond anticipation notes are issued to provide interim financing until long-term financing can be arranged. In most cases, the long-term bonds then provide the money for the repayment of the notes.
· Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper Tax-exempt commercial paper is a short-term obligation with a stated maturity of 270 days or less. It is issued by state and local governments or their agencies to finance seasonal working capital needs or as short-term financing in anticipation of longer-term financing.
Municipal bonds, which meet longer-term capital needs and generally have maturities of more than one year when issued, have two principal classifications: general obligation bonds and revenue bonds. Additional categories of potential purchases include municipal lease obligations, prerefunded/escrowed to maturity bonds, private activity bonds, industrial development bonds, and participation interests.
· General Obligation Bonds Issuers of general obligation bonds include states, counties, cities, towns, and special districts. The proceeds of these obligations are used to fund a wide range of public projects, including construction or improvement of schools, public buildings, highways and roads, and general projects not supported by user fees or specifically identified revenues. The basic security behind general obligation bonds is the issuers pledge of its full faith and credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. The taxes that can be levied for the payment of debt service may be limited or unlimited as to the rate or amount of special assessments. In many cases voter approval is required before an issuer may sell this type of bond.
· Revenue Bonds The principal security for a revenue bond is generally the net revenues derived from a particular facility or enterprise or, in some cases, the proceeds of a special charge or other pledged revenue source. Revenue bonds are issued to finance a wide variety of capital projects including: electric, gas, water, and sewer systems; highways, bridges, and tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and universities; and hospitals. Revenue bonds are sometimes used to finance various privately operated facilities provided they meet certain tests established for tax-exempt status.
Although the principal security behind these bonds may vary, many provide additional security in the form of a mortgage or debt service reserve fund. Some authorities provide further security in the form of the states ability (without obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt service reserve fund. Revenue bonds usually do not require prior voter approval before they may be issued.
· Municipal Lease Obligations Municipal borrowers may also finance capital improvements or purchases with tax-exempt leases. The security for a lease is generally the borrowers pledge to make annual appropriations for lease payments. The lease payment is treated as an operating expense subject to appropriation risk and not a full faith and credit obligation of the issuer. Lease revenue bonds and other municipal lease obligations are generally considered less secure than a general obligation or revenue bond and often do not include a debt service reserve fund. To the extent the funds Boards determine such securities are illiquid, they will be subject to the funds limit on illiquid securities. There have also been certain legal challenges to the use of lease revenue bonds in various states.
The liquidity of such securities will be determined based on a variety of factors which may include, among others: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the obligation; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (3) the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market in the security; (4) the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer; and (5) the rating assigned to the obligation by an established rating agency or T. Rowe Price.
· Prerefunded/Escrowed to Maturity Bonds Certain municipal bonds have been refunded with a later bond issue from the same issuer. The proceeds from the later issue are used to defease the original issue. In many cases the original issue cannot be redeemed or repaid until the first call date or original maturity date. In these cases, the refunding bond proceeds typically are used to buy U.S. Treasury securities that are held in an escrow account until the original call date or maturity date. The original bonds then become prerefunded or escrowed to maturity and are considered high-quality investments. While still tax-exempt, the security is the proceeds of the escrow account. To the extent permitted by the SEC and the Internal Revenue Service, a funds investment in such securities refunded with U.S. Treasury securities will, for purposes of diversification rules applicable to the funds, be considered an investment in U.S. Treasury securities.
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· Private Activity Bonds Under current tax law, all municipal debt is divided broadly into two groups: governmental purpose bonds and private activity bonds. Governmental purpose bonds are issued to finance traditional public purpose projects such as public buildings and roads. Private activity bonds may be issued by a state or local government or public authority but principally benefit private users and are considered taxable unless a specific exemption is provided.
The tax code currently provides exemptions for certain private activity bonds such as not-for-profit hospital bonds, small-issue industrial development revenue bonds, and mortgage subsidy bonds, which may still be issued as tax-exempt bonds. Interest on tax exempt private activity bonds has generally been subject to alternative minimum tax (AMT). However, interest on all private activity bonds issued in 2009 or 2010 will be exempt from AMT. In addition, interest on private activity bonds that were issued after 2003, and refunded during 2009 or 2010, will be exempt from AMT.
· Industrial Development Bonds Industrial development bonds are considered municipal bonds if the interest paid is exempt from federal income tax. They are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to raise money to finance various privately operated facilities for business and manufacturing, housing, sports, and pollution control. These bonds are also used to finance public facilities such as airports, mass transit systems, ports, and parking. The payment of the principal and interest on such bonds is dependent solely on the ability of the facilitys user to meet its financial obligations and the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for such payment.
· Build America Bonds The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 created Build America Bonds, which allowed state and local governments to issue taxable bonds to finance any capital expenditures for which they otherwise could issue tax-exempt governmental bonds. State and local governments received a federal subsidy payment for a portion of their borrowing costs on these bonds equal to 35% of the total coupon interest paid to investors. The municipality could elect to either take the federal subsidy or it can pass a 35% tax credit along to bondholders. Investments in these bonds will result in taxable interest income and the funds may elect to pass through to shareholders any corresponding tax credits. The tax credits can generally be used to offset federal income taxes and the alternative minimum tax, but those tax credits are generally not refundable.
· Participation Interests The funds may purchase from third parties participation interests in all or part of specific holdings of municipal securities. The purchase may take different forms: in the case of short-term securities, the participation may be backed by a liquidity facility that allows the interest to be sold back to the third party (such as a trust, broker, or bank) for a predetermined price of par at stated intervals. The seller may receive a fee from the funds in connection with the arrangement.
In the case of longer-term bonds, the funds may purchase interests in a pool of municipal bonds or a single municipal bond or lease without the right to sell the interest back to the third party.
The funds will not purchase participation interests unless a satisfactory opinion of counsel or ruling of the Internal Revenue Service has been issued that the interest earned from the municipal securities on which the funds hold participation interests is exempt from federal income tax to the funds. However, there is no guarantee the IRS would treat such interest income as tax-exempt.
When-Issued Securities
New issues of municipal securities are often offered on a when-issued basis; that is, delivery and payment for the securities normally takes place 15 to 45 days or more after the date of the commitment to purchase. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be received on the securities are each fixed at the time the buyer enters into the commitment. The funds will only make a commitment to purchase such securities with the intention of actually acquiring the securities. However, the funds may sell these securities before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy. The funds will maintain cash, high-grade marketable debt securities, or other suitable cover with its custodian bank equal in value to commitments for when-issued securities. Such securities either will mature or, if necessary, be sold on or before the settlement date. Securities purchased on a when-issued basis and the securities held in the funds portfolios are subject to changes in market value based upon the public perception of the creditworthiness of
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the issuer and changes in the level of interest rates (which will generally result in similar changes in value, i.e., both experiencing appreciation when interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise). Therefore, to the extent the funds remain fully invested or almost fully invested at the same time that they have purchased securities on a when-issued basis, there will be greater fluctuations in their net asset value than if they solely set aside cash to pay for when-issued securities. In the case of the money funds, this could increase the possibility that the market value of the funds assets could vary from $1.00 per share. In addition, there will be a greater potential for the realization of capital gains, which are not exempt from federal income tax. When the time comes to pay for when-issued securities, the funds will meet their obligations from then-available cash flow, sale of securities, or, although it would not normally expect to do so, from sale of the when-issued securities themselves (which may have a value greater or less than the payment obligation). The policies described in this paragraph are not fundamental and may be changed by the funds upon notice to shareholders.
Forwards
In some cases, the funds may purchase bonds on a when-issued basis with longer-than-standard settlement dates, in some cases exceeding one to two years. In such cases, the funds must execute a receipt evidencing the obligation to purchase the bond on the specified issue date, and must segregate cash internally to meet that forward commitment. Municipal forwards typically carry a substantial yield premium to compensate the buyer for the risks associated with a long when-issued period, including: shifts in market interest rates that could materially impact the principal value of the bond, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer, loss of alternative investment options during the when-issued period, changes in tax law or issuer actions that would affect the exempt interest status of the bonds and prevent delivery, failure of the issuer to complete various steps required to issue the bonds, and limited liquidity for the buyer to sell the escrow receipts during the when-issued period.
Residual Interest Bonds
Residual interest bonds are a type of high-risk derivative. The funds may purchase municipal bond issues that are structured as two-part, residual interest bond and variable rate security offerings. The issuer is obligated only to pay a fixed amount of tax-free income that is to be divided among the holders of the two securities. The interest rate for the holders of the short-term, variable rate securities will typically be determined by an index or auction process held approximately every seven to 35 days while the long-term bondholders will receive all interest paid by the issuer minus the amount given to the variable rate security holders and a nominal auction fee. Therefore, the coupon of the residual interest bonds, and thus the income received, will move inversely with respect to short-term, 7- to 35-day tax-exempt interest rates. There is no assurance that the auction will be successful and that the variable rate security will provide short-term liquidity. The issuer is not obligated to provide such liquidity. In general, these securities offer a significant yield advantage over standard municipal securities, due to the uncertainty of the shape of the yield curve (i.e., short-term versus long-term rates) and consequent income flows, but tend to be more volatile than other municipal securities of similar maturity and credit quality.
Unlike many adjustable rate securities, residual interest bonds are not necessarily expected to trade at par and in fact present significant market risks. In certain market environments, residual interest bonds may carry substantial premiums, trade at deep discounts, or have limited liquidity. Residual interest bonds entail varying degrees of leverage, which could result in greater volatility and losses greater than investing directly in the underlying municipal bond.
The funds may invest in other types of derivative instruments as they become available.
For the purpose of the funds investment restrictions, the identification of the issuer of municipal securities which are not general obligation bonds is made by T. Rowe Price, on the basis of the characteristics of the obligation as described above, the most significant of which is the source of funds for the payment of principal and interest on such securities.
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There are, of course, other types of securities that are or may become available that are similar to the foregoing, and the funds may invest in these securities.
Adjustable Rate Securities
Generally, the maturity of a security is deemed to be the period remaining until the date (noted on the face of the instrument) on which the principal amount must be paid or, in the case of an instrument called for redemption, the date on which the redemption payment must be made. However, certain securities may be issued with demand features or adjustable interest rates that are reset periodically by predetermined formulas or indexes in order to minimize movements in the principal value of the investment in accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. Such securities may have long-term maturities, but may be treated as a short-term investment under certain conditions. Generally, as interest rates decrease or increase, the potential for capital appreciation or depreciation on these securities is less than for fixed rate obligations. These securities may take a variety of forms, including variable rate, floating rate, and put option securities.
Variable Rate Securities Variable rate instruments are those whose terms provide for the adjustment of their interest rates on set dates and which, upon such adjustment, can reasonably be expected to have a market value that approximates its par value. A variable rate instrument, the principal amount of which is scheduled to be paid in 397 days or less, is deemed to have a maturity equal to the period remaining until the next readjustment of the interest rate. A variable rate instrument which is subject to a demand feature entitles the purchaser to receive the principal amount of the underlying security or securities, either (i) upon notice of no more than 30 days or (ii) at specified intervals not exceeding 397 days and upon no more than 30 days notice, is deemed to have a maturity equal to the longer of the period remaining until the next readjustment of the interest rate or the period remaining until the principal amount can be recovered through demand.
Forward Commitment Contracts
The price of such securities, which may be expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment to purchase is made, but delivery and payment take place at a later date. Normally, the settlement date occurs within 90 days of the purchase for when-issueds, but may be substantially longer for forwards. During the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the funds to the issuer and no interest accrues to the funds. The purchase of these securities will result in a loss if their values decline prior to the settlement date. This could occur, for example, if interest rates increase prior to settlement. The longer the period between purchase and settlement, the greater the risks. At the time the funds make the commitment to purchase these securities, it will record the transaction and reflect the value of the security in determining its net asset value. The funds will cover these securities by maintaining cash, liquid, high-grade debt securities, or other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC with its custodian bank equal in value to its commitments for the securities during the time between the purchase and the settlement. Therefore, the longer this period, the longer the period during which alternative investment options are not available to the funds (to the extent of the securities used for cover). Such securities either will mature or, if necessary, be sold on or before the settlement date.
To the extent the funds remain fully or almost fully invested (in securities with a remaining maturity of more than one year) at the same time they purchase these securities, there will be greater fluctuations in the funds net asset value than if the funds did not purchase them.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
Investments in REITs may experience many of the same risks involved with investing in real estate directly. These risks include: declines in real estate values, risks related to local or general economic conditions, particularly lack of demand, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, heavy cash flow dependency, possible lack of availability of mortgage funds, obsolescence, losses due to natural disasters, condemnation of properties, regulatory limitations on rents and fluctuations in rental income, variations in market rental rates, and possible environmental liabilities. REITs may own real estate properties (Equity REITs) and be subject to these risks directly, or may make or purchase mortgages (Mortgage REITs) and be subject to these risks indirectly
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through underlying construction, development, and long-term mortgage loans that may default or have payment problems.
Equity REITs can be affected by rising interest rates that may cause investors to demand a high annual yield from future distributions which, in turn, could decrease the market prices for the REITs. In addition, rising interest rates also increase the costs of obtaining financing for real estate projects. Since many real estate projects are dependent upon receiving financing, this could cause the value of the Equity REITs in which the funds invest to decline.
Mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that the mortgagors elect to prepay during periods of declining interest rates, which may diminish the yield on such REITs. In addition, borrowers may not be able to repay mortgages when due, which could have a negative effect on the funds.
Some REITs have relatively small market capitalizations which could increase their volatility. REITs tend to be dependent upon specialized management skills and have limited diversification so they are subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of properties. In addition, when the funds invest in REITs, a shareholder will bear his proportionate share of fund expenses and indirectly bear similar expenses of the REITs. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to shareholders. Certain REITS may be able to pay up to 90% of their dividends in the form of stock instead of cash. Even if a fund receives all or part of a REIT distribution in stock, the fund will still be deemed to have received 100% of the distribution in cash and the entire distribution will be part of the funds taxable income. In addition, both Equity and Mortgage REITs are subject to the risks of failing to qualify for tax-free status of income under the Code or failing to maintain their exemptions from the 1940 Act.
Illiquid or Restricted Securities
Some fund holdings may be considered illiquid because they are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale or because they cannot be sold in the ordinary course of business at approximately the price at which the fund values them. The determination of whether a holding is considered liquid or illiquid involves a variety of factors. Certain restricted securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or in a public offering with respect to which a registration statement is in effect under the 1933 Act. Where registration is required, the fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses, and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision to sell and the time the fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the fund might obtain a less favorable price than that which prevailed when it decided to sell. Restricted securities will be priced at fair value as determined in accordance with procedures prescribed by the funds Boards. If, through the appreciation of illiquid securities or the depreciation of liquid securities, the funds should be in a position where more than the allowable amount of its net assets is invested in illiquid assets, including restricted securities, the funds will take appropriate steps to protect liquidity.
Notwithstanding the above, the funds may purchase securities which, while privately placed, are eligible for purchase and sale under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. This rule permits certain qualified institutional buyers, such as the funds, to trade in privately placed securities even though such securities are not registered under the 1933 Act. The liquidity of these securities is monitored based on a variety of factors.
All Funds (other than the Money Funds)
Investments in Other Investment Companies
Unaffiliated Investment Companies The funds may invest in other investment companies that are not sponsored by T. Rowe Price, which include open-end funds, closed-end funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), unit investment trusts, and other investment companies that have elected to be treated as business development companies under the 1940 Act.
The funds may purchase shares of another investment company to temporarily gain exposure to a portion of the market while awaiting purchase of securities or as an efficient means of gaining exposure to a particular asset class. The funds might also purchase shares of another investment company to gain exposure to the
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securities in the investment companys portfolio at times when the fund may not be able to buy those securities directly. Any investment in another investment company would be consistent with a funds objective and investment program.
Investing in another investment company involves risks similar to those of investing directly in the investment companys portfolio securities, including the risk that the values of the portfolio securities may fluctuate due to changes in the financial condition of the securities issuers and other market factors. An investment company may not achieve its investment objective or execute its investment strategy effectively, which may adversely affect the funds performance. In addition, because closed-end funds trade on a stock exchange or in the OTC market and ETFs trade on a securities exchange, their shares may trade at a substantial premium or discount to the actual net asset value of its portfolio securities and their potential lack of liquidity could result in greater volatility.
If a fund invests in a non-T. Rowe Price investment company, the fund must pay its proportionate share of that investment companys fees and expenses, which are in addition to the management fee and other operational expenses incurred by the fund. The expenses associated with certain investment companies, such as business development companies, may be significant. The fund could also incur a sales charge or redemption fee in connection with purchasing or redeeming an investment company security.
A Price Funds investments in non-T. Rowe Price registered investment companies are subject to the limits that apply to such investments under the 1940 Act unless the fund invests in reliance on exemptive relief which permits it to exceed the 1940 Act limits. The 1940 Act generally provides that a fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities of other investment companies. In addition, a fund may not own more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of any investment company and not more than 5% of the funds total assets may be in invested in a particular investment company.
Affiliated Investment Companies The funds may also invest in certain other T. Rowe Price mutual funds as a means of gaining efficient and cost-effective exposure to specific asset classes, provided the investment is consistent with an investing funds investment program and policies. Such an investment could allow the fund to obtain the benefits of a more diversified portfolio than might otherwise be available through direct investments in the asset class, and will subject the fund to the risks associated with the particular asset class. Examples of asset classes in which other T. Rowe Price mutual funds invest include high yield bonds, floating rate loans, international bonds, emerging market bonds, and emerging market stocks. To ensure that the fund does not incur duplicate management fees as a result of its investment in another T. Rowe Price fund, the management fee paid by the fund will be reduced in an amount sufficient to offset the fees paid by the underlying fund related to the investment.
Hedge Funds Investments in unregistered hedge funds may be used to gain exposure to certain asset classes. Hedge funds are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds and other registered investment companies and an investing fund may not be able to rely on the protections under the 1940 Act that are available to investors in registered investment companies.
There are often advance notice requirements and withdrawal windows which limit investors ability to readily redeem shares of a hedge fund. If a hedge fund were to engage in activity deemed inappropriate by a fund or pursue a different strategy than the fund was led to believe, the fund may not be able to withdraw its investment in a hedge fund promptly after a decision has been made to do so, causing the fund to incur a significant loss and adversely affect its total return.
Hedge funds are not required to provide periodic pricing or valuation information to investors, and often engage in leveraging, short-selling, commodities investing and other speculative investment practices that are not fully disclosed and may increase the risk of investment loss. Their underlying holdings and investment strategies are not as transparent to investors or typically as diversified as those of traditional mutual funds, therefore an investing fund is unable to look through to the hedge funds underlying investments in determining compliance with its own investment restrictions. As a result, a fund relies primarily on the limited pricing and valuation information provided by the hedge fund managers in order to value its hedge fund investments. The funds attempt, to the extent they are able to do so, to review the valuation methodology utilized by a hedge fund to gauge whether its principles of fair value are consistent with those used by the
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funds for valuing their own investments. A fund will seek as much information as possible from the hedge fund in order to value its investment and determine the fair value of its interest in the hedge fund based on all relevant circumstances, which may include the most recent value reported by the hedge fund, as well as any other relevant information available at the time the fund values its assets.
For the various reasons cited above, investments in a hedge fund are considered illiquid by an investing fund. Valuations of illiquid securities involve various judgments and consideration of factors that may be subjective, and there is a risk that inaccurate valuations of hedge fund positions could adversely affect the stated value of the fund. Fund investors should be aware that situations involving uncertainties as to the valuation of portfolio positions could have an adverse effect on the funds net assets, which, in turn, would affect amounts paid on redemptions of fund shares if the judgments made regarding appropriate valuations should be proven incorrect. If the net asset value of a fund is not accurate, purchasing or redeeming shareholders may pay or receive too little or too much for their shares and the interests of remaining shareholders may become overvalued or diluted.
Money Funds
Determination of Maturity of Money Market Securities
The funds may only purchase securities which at the time of investment have remaining maturities of 397 calendar days or less, or adjustable rate government securities that may have maturities longer than 397 days but have interest rate resets within 397 days. The other funds may also purchase money market securities. In determining the maturity of money market securities, funds will follow the provisions of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act.
First Tier Money Market Securities Defined
At least 97% of the funds total assets will be maintained in first tier money market securities. First tier money market securities are those which are described as First Tier Securities under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act. These include any security with a remaining maturity of 397 days or less, and adjustable rate government securities with longer maturities but interest rate resets within 397 days, that are rated (or that has been issued by an issuer that is rated with respect to a class of short-term debt obligations, or any security within that class that is comparable in priority and security with the security) by any two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (or if only one NRSRO has issued a rating, that NRSRO) in the highest rating category for short-term debt obligations (within which there may be sub-categories). First Tier Securities also include unrated securities comparable in quality to rated securities, as determined by T. Rowe Price pursuant to written guidelines established in accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act under the supervision of the funds Boards.
The funds may use derivatives whose characteristics are consistent with the funds investment program.
A derivative is a financial instrument that has a value based on or derived from the value of other assets, reference rates, or indexes. Derivatives generally take the form of contracts under which the parties agree to payments between them based upon the performance of a wide variety of underlying references, such as stocks, bonds, commodities, interest rates, currency exchange rates, and various domestic and foreign indexes. The main types of derivatives are futures, options, forward contracts, swaps, and hybrid instruments.
Like most other fund investments, derivatives are subject to the risk that the market value of the underlying asset will change in a way detrimental to the funds interest. However, the risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and potentially much greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the instruments on which the derivatives are based. Because some derivatives involve leverage, returns can be magnified, either positively or negatively, and adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset,
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reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself.
Some derivatives are traded on exchanges, while other derivatives are privately negotiated and entered into in the OTC market. Exchange-traded derivatives are traded via specialized derivatives exchanges or other securities exchanges. The exchange acts as an intermediary to the transactions and the terms for each type of contract are generally standardized. OTC derivatives are traded between two parties directly without going through a regulated exchange. The terms of the contract are subject to negotiation by the parties to the contract.
OTC derivatives are subject to counterparty risk, whereas the exposure to default for exchange-traded derivatives is assumed by the exchanges clearinghouse. Counterparty risk is the risk that a party to an OTC derivatives contract may fail to perform on its obligations. A loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty, or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or comply with the terms of the contract. In the event of insolvency of the counterparty, the funds may be unable to liquidate a derivatives position. Because the purchase and sale of an OTC derivative does not have the guarantee of a central clearing organization, the creditworthiness of the counterparty is an additional risk factor that the funds need to consider and monitor.
Futures Contracts
Futures contracts are a type of potentially high-risk derivative.
Transactions in Futures
The funds may enter into futures contracts including stock index, interest rate, and currency futures (futures or futures contracts).
Interest rate or currency futures contracts may be used as a hedge against changes in prevailing levels of interest rates or currency exchange rates in order to establish more definitely the effective return on securities or currencies held or intended to be acquired by the funds. Interest rate or currency futures can be sold as an offset against the effect of expected increases in interest rates or currency exchange rates and purchased as an offset against the effect of expected declines in interest rates or currency exchange rates.
Futures can also be used as an efficient means of regulating the funds exposure to the market.
Index Funds may only enter into futures contracts that are appropriate for their investment programs to provide an efficient means of maintaining liquidity while being invested in the market, to facilitate trading, or to reduce transaction costs. Otherwise, the nature of such futures and the regulatory limitations and risks to which they are subject are the same as those described below.
Stock index futures contracts may be used to provide a hedge for a portion of the funds portfolios, as a cash management tool, or as an efficient way to implement either an increase or decrease in portfolio market exposure in response to changing market conditions. The funds may purchase or sell futures contracts with respect to any stock index. Nevertheless, to hedge the funds portfolios successfully, the funds must sell futures contracts with respect to indices or subindices whose movements will have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of the funds portfolio securities.
The funds will enter into futures contracts that are traded on national (or foreign) futures exchanges and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying financial instrument. A public market exists in futures contracts covering various taxable fixed-income securities as well as municipal bonds. Futures exchanges and trading in the United States are regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Although techniques other than the sale and purchase of futures contracts could be used for the above-referenced purposes, futures contracts offer an effective and relatively low cost means of implementing the funds objectives in these areas.
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Limitations on Futures
If the funds purchase or sell futures contracts or related options which do not qualify as bona fide hedging under applicable CFTC rules, the aggregate initial margin deposits and premium required to establish those positions cannot exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the funds after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such contracts they have entered into, provided, however, that in the case of an option that is in-the-money at the time of purchase, the in-the-money amount may be excluded in calculating the 5% limitation. For purposes of this policy, options on futures contracts and foreign currency options traded on a commodities exchange will be considered related options. This policy may be modified by the Boards without a shareholder vote and does not limit the percentage of the funds assets at risk to 5%.
In instances involving the purchase of futures contracts or the writing of call or put options thereon by the funds, an amount of cash, liquid assets, or other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC, equal to the market value of the futures contracts and options thereon (less any related margin deposits), will be identified by the funds to cover the position, or alternative cover (such as owning an offsetting position) will be employed. Assets used as cover or held in an identified account cannot be sold while the position in the corresponding option or future is open, unless they are replaced with similar assets. As a result, the commitment of a large portion of the funds assets to cover or identified accounts could impede portfolio management or the funds ability to meet redemption requests or other current obligations.
If the CFTC or other regulatory authorities adopt different (including less stringent) or additional restrictions, the funds would comply with such new restrictions.
For funds that utilize commodity interests, a notice has been filed on behalf of the funds with the National Futures Association claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term commodity pool operator (CPO) under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, pursuant to CFTC Rule 4.5. Accordingly, the Price Funds investment manager has not been subject to registration or regulation as a CPO.
However, the CFTC has adopted recent amendments to its rules that would limit the ability of a mutual fund to use commodities, futures, swaps and certain other derivatives if its investment adviser does not register with the CFTC as a CPO with respect to the fund. It is expected that all of the Price Funds will normally execute their investment programs within the limits and exemptions prescribed by the CFTCs rules. As a result, T. Rowe Price does not intend to register with the CFTC as a CPO on behalf of any of the Price Funds. In the event one of the Price Funds engages in transactions that necessitate future registration with the CFTC, T. Rowe Price will register as a CPO and comply with applicable regulations with respect to that fund. Compliance with these additional regulatory requirements could increase the funds expenses.
Trading in Futures Contracts
A futures contract provides for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific financial instrument (e.g., units of a stock index) for a specified price, date, time, and place designated at the time the contract is made. Brokerage fees are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained. Entering into a contract to buy is commonly referred to as buying or purchasing a contract or holding a long position. Entering into a contract to sell is commonly referred to as selling a contract or holding a short position.
Unlike when the funds purchase or sell a security, no price would be paid or received by the funds upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Upon entering into a futures contract, and to maintain the funds open positions in futures contracts, the funds would be required to deposit in a segregated account with the clearing broker for the futures contract an amount of cash or liquid assets known as initial margin. The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract. Futures contracts are customarily purchased and sold on margins that may range upward from less than 5% of the value of the contract being traded.
Financial futures are valued daily at closing settlement prices. If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the clearing
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broker will require a payment by the funds (variation margin) to restore the margin account to the amount of the initial margin.
Subsequent payments (mark-to-market payments) to and from the futures clearing broker are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying assets fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable. If the value of the open futures position increases in the case of a sale or decreases in the case of a purchase, the funds will pay the amount of the daily change in value to the clearing broker. However, if the value of the open futures position decreases in the case of a sale or increases in the case of a purchase, the clearing broker will pay the amount of the daily change in value to the funds.
Although certain futures contracts, by their terms, require actual future delivery of and payment for the underlying instruments, in practice, most futures contracts are usually closed out before the delivery date. Closing out an open futures contract purchase or sale is effected by entering into an offsetting futures contract sale or purchase, respectively, for the same aggregate amount of the identical securities and the same delivery date. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, the funds realize a gain; if it is more, the funds realize a loss. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, the funds realize a gain; if it is less, the funds realize a loss. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. There can be no assurance, however, that the funds will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the funds are not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the funds will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract.
As an example of an offsetting transaction in which the underlying instrument is not delivered, the contractual obligations arising from the sale of one contract of September Treasury bills on an exchange may be fulfilled at any time before delivery of the contract is required (i.e., on a specified date in September, the delivery month) by the purchase of one contract of September Treasury bills on the same exchange. In such instance, the difference between the price at which the futures contract was sold and the price paid for the offsetting purchase, after allowance for transaction costs, represents the profit or loss to the funds.
Settlement of a stock index futures contract may or may not be in the underlying security. If not in the underlying security, then settlement will be made in cash, equivalent over time to the difference between the contract price and the actual price of the underlying asset (as adjusted by a multiplier) at the time the stock index futures contract expires.
For example, the S&P 500 Stock Index is made up of 500 selected common stocks, most of which are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The S&P 500 Index assigns relative weightings to the common stocks included in the index, and the index fluctuates with changes in the market values of those common stocks. In the case of futures contracts on the S&P 500 Index, the contracts are to buy or sell 250 units. Thus, if the value of the S&P 500 Index were $150, one contract would be worth $37,500 (250 units x $150). The stock index futures contract specifies that no delivery of the actual stocks making up the index will take place. Instead, settlement in cash occurs. Over the life of the contract, the gain or loss realized by the funds will equal the difference between the purchase (or sale) price of the contract and the price at which the contract is terminated. For example, if the funds enter into a futures contract to buy 250 units of the S&P 500 Index at a specified future date at a contract price of $150 and the S&P 500 Index is at $154 on that future date, the funds will gain $1,000 (250 units x gain of $4). If the funds enter into a futures contract to sell 250 units of the stock index at a specified future date at a contract price of $150 and the S&P 500 Index is at $152 on that future date, the funds will lose $500 (250 units x loss of $2).
It is possible that hedging activities of funds investing in municipal securities will occur through the use of U.S. Treasury bond futures.
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All funds (other than the Money Funds)
Special Risks of Transactions in Futures Contracts
· Volatility and Leverage The prices of futures contracts are volatile and are influenced, among other things, by actual and anticipated changes in the market and interest rates, which in turn are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and national and international political and economic events.
Most U.S. futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous days settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of futures contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
Margin deposits required on futures trading are low. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss, as well as gain, to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit, if the contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract.
· Fellow Customer Risk The funds are subject to fellow-customer risk, which is the risk that one or more customers of a futures commission merchant will default on their obligations and that the resulting losses will be so great that the futures commission merchant will default on its obligations and that margin posted by one customer will be used to cover a loss caused by a different customer.
There are rules that generally prohibit the use of one customers funds to meet the obligations of another customer, and that limit the ability to use customer margin posted by non-defaulting customers to satisfy losses caused by defaulting customers, by requiring the futures commission merchant to use its own funds to meet a defaulting customers obligations. While a customers loss would likely need to be substantial before other customers would be exposed to fellow customer risk, these rules nevertheless permit the commingling of margin and do not limit the mutualization of customer losses from investment losses, custodial failures, or fraud or other causes. If the loss is so great that, notwithstanding the application of the futures commission merchants own funds, there is a shortfall in the amount of customer funds required to be held in segregation, the futures commission merchant could default and be placed into bankruptcy. In these circumstances, the Bankruptcy Code provides that non-defaulting customers will share pro-rata in any shortfall. A shortfall in customer segregated funds may also make the transfer of the accounts of non-defaulting customers to another futures commission merchant more difficult.
· Liquidity The funds may elect to close some or all of their futures positions at any time prior to their expiration. The funds would do so to reduce exposure represented by long futures positions or short futures positions. The funds may close their position by taking opposite positions, which would operate to terminate the funds position in the futures contracts. Final determinations of mark-to-market payments would then be made, additional cash would be required to be paid by or released to the funds, and the funds would realize a loss or a gain.
Futures contracts may be closed out only on the exchange or board of trade where the contracts were initially traded. Although the funds intend to purchase or sell futures contracts only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active market, there is no assurance that a liquid market on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any particular contract at any particular time. In such event, it might not be possible to close a futures contract, and in the event of adverse price movements, the funds would continue to be required to make daily mark-to-market and variation margin payments. However, in the event futures
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contracts have been used to hedge the underlying instruments, the funds would continue to hold the underlying instruments subject to the hedge until the futures contracts could be terminated. In such circumstances, an increase in the price of underlying instruments, if any, might partially or completely offset losses on the futures contract. However, as described next, there is no guarantee that the price of the underlying instruments will, in fact, correlate with the price movements in the futures contract and thus provide an offset to losses on a futures contract.
· Hedging Risk A decision whether, when, and how to hedge involves skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of unexpected market or economic events. There are several risks in connection with the use by the funds of futures contracts as a hedging device. One risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the futures contracts and movements in the prices of the underlying instruments which are the subject of the hedge. T. Rowe Price will, however, attempt to reduce this risk by entering into futures contracts whose movements, in its judgment, will have a significant correlation with movements in the prices of the funds underlying instruments sought to be hedged.
Successful use of futures contracts by the funds for hedging purposes is also subject to T. Rowe Prices ability to correctly predict movements in the direction of the market. It is possible that, when the funds have sold futures to hedge their portfolios against a decline in the market, the index, indices, or instruments underlying futures might advance, and the value of the underlying instruments held in the funds portfolios might decline. If this were to occur, the funds would lose money on the futures and also would experience a decline in value in their underlying instruments. However, while this might occur to a certain degree, T. Rowe Price believes that over time the value of the funds portfolios will tend to move in the same direction as the market indices used to hedge the portfolio. It is also possible that, if the funds were to hedge against the possibility of a decline in the market (adversely affecting the underlying instruments held in their portfolios) and prices instead increased, the funds would lose part or all of the benefit of increased value of those underlying instruments that it had hedged because it would have offsetting losses in their futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the funds have insufficient cash, it might have to sell underlying instruments to meet daily mark-to-market and variation margin requirements. Such sales of underlying instruments might be, but would not necessarily be, at increased prices (which would reflect the rising market). The funds might have to sell underlying instruments at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so.
In addition to the possibility that there might be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between price movements in the futures contracts and the portion of the portfolio being hedged, the price movements of futures contracts might not correlate perfectly with price movements in the underlying instruments due to certain market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors might close futures contracts through offsetting transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the underlying instruments and futures markets. Second, the margin requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities markets and, as a result, the futures market might attract more speculators than the securities markets. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market might also cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortion in the futures market and also because of imperfect correlation between price movements in the underlying instruments and movements in the prices of futures contracts, even a correct forecast of general market trends by T. Rowe Price might not result in a successful hedging transaction over a very short time period.
Options on Futures Contracts
Options (another type of potentially high-risk derivative) on futures are similar to options on underlying instruments, except that options on futures give the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put), rather than to purchase or sell the futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by the delivery of the accumulated balance in the writers futures margin account, which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures
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contract, at exercise, exceeds (in the case of a call) or is less than (in the case of a put) the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. Purchasers of options who fail to exercise their options prior to the exercise date suffer a loss of the premium paid. Options on futures contracts are valued daily at the last sale price on its primary exchange at the time at which the net asset value per share of the funds are computed (close of the NYSE, normally at 4 p.m. ET), or, in the absence of such sale, the mean of closing bid and ask prices.
Writing a put option on a futures contract serves as a partial hedge against an increase in the value of securities the funds intend to acquire. If the futures price at expiration of the option is above the exercise price, the funds will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any increase that may have occurred in the price of the debt securities the funds intend to acquire. If the futures price when the option is exercised is below the exercise price, however, the funds will incur a loss, which may be wholly or partially offset by the decrease in the price of the securities the funds intend to acquire.
Funds investing in municipal securities may trade in municipal bond index option futures or similar options on futures developed in the future. In addition, the funds may trade in options on futures contracts on U.S. government securities and any U.S. government securities futures index contract which might be developed.
From time to time, a single order to purchase or sell futures contracts (or options thereon) may be made on behalf of a fund and other T. Rowe Price funds. Such aggregated orders would be allocated among the fund and the other T. Rowe Price funds in a fair and nondiscriminatory manner.
Call and put options may be purchased or written on financial indices as an alternative to options on futures.
Special Risks of Transactions in Options on Futures Contracts
The risks described under Special Risks of Transactions in Futures Contracts are substantially the same as the risks of using options on futures. If the funds were to write an option on a futures contract, it would be required to deposit initial margin and maintain mark-to-market payments in the same manner as a regular futures contract. In addition, where the funds seek to close out an option position by writing or buying an offsetting option covering the same index, underlying instrument, or contract and having the same exercise price and expiration date, their ability to establish and close out positions on such options will be subject to the maintenance of a liquid secondary market. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (1) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (2) restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (3) trading halts, suspensions, or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options, or underlying instruments; (4) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (5) the facilities of an exchange or a clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (6) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in the class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options on the exchange that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms. There is no assurance that higher-than-anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not, at times, render certain of the facilities of any of the clearing corporations inadequate, and thereby result in the institution by an exchange of special procedures, which may interfere with the timely execution of customers orders.
In the event no such market exists for a particular contract in which the funds maintain a position, in the case of a written option, the funds would have to wait to sell the underlying securities or futures positions until the option expires or is exercised. The funds would be required to maintain margin deposits on payments until the contract is closed. Options on futures are treated for accounting purposes in the same way as the analogous option on securities are treated.
In addition, the correlation between movements in the price of options on futures contracts and movements in the price of the securities hedged can only be approximate. This risk is significantly increased when an option on a U.S. government securities future or an option on some type of index future is used as a proxy for hedging a portfolio consisting of other types of securities. Another risk is that if the movements in the price of options on futures contracts and the value of the call increase by more than the increase in the value of the
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securities held as cover, the funds may realize a loss on the call, which is not completely offset by the appreciation in the price of the securities held as cover and the premium received for writing the call.
The successful use of options on futures contracts requires special expertise and techniques different from those involved in portfolio securities transactions. A decision whether, when, and how to hedge involves skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of unexpected market behavior or interest rate trends. During periods when municipal securities market prices are appreciating, the funds may experience poorer overall performance than if it had not entered into any options on futures contracts.
General Considerations Transactions by the funds in options on futures will be subject to limitations established by each of the exchanges, boards of trade, or other trading facilities governing the maximum number of options in each class which may be written or purchased by a single investor or group of investors acting in concert, regardless of whether the options are written on the same or different exchanges, boards of trade, or other trading facilities or are held or written in one or more accounts or through one or more brokers. Thus, the number of contracts which the funds may write or purchase may be affected by contracts written or purchased by other investment advisory clients of T. Rowe Price. An exchange, boards of trade, or other trading facility may order the liquidations of positions found to be in excess of these limits, and it may impose certain other sanctions.
Additional Futures and Options Contracts
Although the funds have no current intention of engaging in futures or options transactions other than those described above, it reserves the right to do so. Such futures and options trading might involve risks which differ from those involved in the futures and options described above.
Foreign Futures and Options
Participation in foreign futures and foreign options transactions involves the execution and clearing of trades on, or subject to the rules of, a foreign board of trade. Neither the National Futures Association nor any domestic exchange regulates activities of any foreign boards of trade, including the execution, delivery, and clearing of transactions, or has the power to compel enforcement of the rules of a foreign board of trade or any applicable foreign law. This is true even if the exchange is formally linked to a domestic market so that a position taken on the market may be liquidated by a transaction on another market. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary depending on the foreign country in which the foreign futures or foreign options transaction occurs. For these reasons, when the funds trade foreign futures or foreign options contracts, it may not be afforded certain of the protective measures provided by the Commodity Exchange Act, the CFTCs regulations, and the rules of the National Futures Association and any domestic exchange, including the right to use reparations proceedings before the CFTC and arbitration proceedings provided by the National Futures Association or any domestic futures exchange. In particular, proceeds derived from foreign futures or foreign options transactions may not be provided the same protections as proceeds derived from transactions on U.S. futures exchanges. In addition, the price of any foreign futures or foreign options contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss thereon may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate between the time the funds orders are placed and the time they are liquidated, offset, or exercised.
U.S. Treasury Intermediate and U.S. Treasury Long-Term Funds
Limitations on Futures and Options
The funds will not purchase a futures contract or option thereon if, with respect to positions in futures or options on futures which do not represent bona fide hedging, the aggregate initial margin and premiums on such positions would exceed 5% of the funds net asset value. In addition, neither of the funds will enter into a futures transaction if it would be obligated to purchase or deliver amounts that would exceed 15% of the funds total assets.
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The funds will not write a covered call or put option if, as a result, the aggregate market value of all portfolio securities covering call options or subject to delivery under put options exceeds 15% of the market value of the funds total assets.
The funds have no current intention of investing in options on individual securities. However, they reserve the right to do so in the future and could be subject to the following limitations: the funds may invest up to 15% of total assets in premiums on put options and 15% of total assets in premiums on call options. The total market value of the funds obligations under futures contracts and premiums on purchased options will not exceed 15% of each funds total assets.
All Funds
Foreign Currency Transactions
A forward foreign currency exchange contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are principally traded in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large, commercial banks) and their customers. A forward contract generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades. The funds may enter into forward contracts for a variety of purposes in connection with the management of the foreign securities portion of their portfolios. The funds use of such contracts would include, but not be limited to, the following:
First, when the funds enter into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency, they may desire to lock in the U.S. dollar price of the security. By entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale, for a fixed amount of dollars, of the amount of foreign currency involved in the underlying security transactions, the funds will be able to protect themselves against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the subject foreign currency during the period between the date the security is purchased or sold and the date on which payment is made or received.
Second, when T. Rowe Price believes that one currency may experience a substantial movement against another currency, including the U.S. dollar, it may enter into a forward contract to sell or buy the amount of the former foreign currency, approximating the value of some or all of the funds portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. Alternatively, where appropriate, the funds may hedge all or part of their foreign currency exposure through the use of a basket of currencies or a proxy currency where such currency or currencies act as an effective proxy for other currencies. In such a case, the funds may enter into a forward contract where the amount of the foreign currency to be sold exceeds the value of the securities denominated in such currency. The use of this basket hedging technique may be more efficient and economical than entering into separate forward contracts for each currency held in the funds. The precise matching of the forward contract amounts and the value of the securities involved will not generally be possible since the future value of such securities in foreign currencies will change as a consequence of market movements in the value of those securities between the date the forward contract is entered into and the date it matures. The projection of short-term currency market movement is extremely difficult, and the successful execution of a short-term hedging strategy is highly uncertain. Under normal circumstances, consideration of the prospect for relative currency values will be incorporated into the longer-term investment decisions made with regard to overall diversification strategies. However, T. Rowe Price believes that it is important to have the flexibility to enter into such forward contracts when it determines that the best interests of the funds will be served.
Third, the funds may use forward contracts when the funds wish to hedge out of the dollar into a foreign currency in order to create a synthetic bond or money market instrumentthe security would be issued in U.S. dollars but the dollar component would be transformed into a foreign currency through a forward contract.
At the maturity of a forward contract, the funds may sell the portfolio security and make delivery of the foreign currency, or they may retain the security and either extend the maturity of the forward contract (by rolling that contract forward) or may initiate a new forward contract.
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If the funds retain the portfolio security and engage in an offsetting transaction, the funds will incur a gain or a loss (as described below) to the extent that there has been movement in forward contract prices. If the funds engage in an offsetting transaction, they may subsequently enter into a new forward contract to sell the foreign currency. Should forward prices decline during the period between the funds entering into a forward contract for the sale of a foreign currency and the date they enter into an offsetting contract for the purchase of the foreign currency, the funds will realize a gain to the extent the price of the currency they have agreed to sell exceeds the price of the currency they have agreed to purchase. Should forward prices increase, the funds will suffer a loss to the extent the price of the currency they have agreed to purchase exceeds the price of the currency they have agreed to sell. A fund may net any offsetting positions when calculating its aggregate market exposure to a particular currency and in managing the portfolio within its limit on the use of foreign currency instruments. This may occur, for instance, where a fund has entered into two forward foreign currency exchange contracts with concurrent settlement dates, and one provides for delivery of currency A and receipt of currency B and the other contract provides for delivery of currency B and receipt of currency A.
The funds may also engage in non-deliverable forward transactions to manage currency risk as well as to gain exposure to a currency, whether or not the fund owns securities denominated in that currency. A non-deliverable forward is a transaction that represents an agreement between a fund and a counterparty to buy or sell a specified amount of a particular currency at an agreed upon foreign exchange rate on a future date. Unlike other currency transactions, there is no physical delivery of the currency on the settlement of a non-deliverable forward transaction. Rather, the fund and the counterparty agree to net the settlement by making a payment in U.S. dollars or another fully convertible currency that represents any difference between the foreign exchange rate agreed upon at the inception of the non-deliverable forward agreement and the actual exchange rate on the agreed upon future date. When currency exchange rates do not move as anticipated, a fund could sustain losses on the non-deliverable forward transaction. This risk is heightened when the transactions involve currencies of emerging market countries.
The funds may enter into forward contracts for any purpose consistent with the funds investment objectives and programs. However, the funds will not enter into a forward contract, or maintain exposure to any such contract(s), if the amount of foreign currency required to be delivered thereunder would exceed the funds holdings of liquid, high-grade debt securities, currency available for cover of the forward contract(s), or other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC. In determining the amount to be delivered under a contract, the funds may net offsetting positions.
If the value of the assets being used as cover declines or the amount of the funds commitment increases because of changes in currency rates, the fund may need to provide additional cash or securities to satisfy its commitment under the forward agreement. The fund is also subject to the risk that it may be delayed or prevented from obtaining payments owed to it under the forward transaction as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to comply with the terms of the contract. There is no assurance that a fund would succeed in pursuing any contractual remedies available under the agreement.
Although most currency derivatives will generally be considered liquid investments, the funds may consider derivatives that involve particular currencies to be illiquid. The funds dealing in forward foreign currency exchange contracts will generally be limited to the transactions described above. However, the funds reserve the right to enter into forward foreign currency contracts for different purposes and under different circumstances. Of course, the funds are not required to enter into forward contracts with regard to their foreign currency-denominated securities and will not do so unless deemed appropriate by T. Rowe Price. It also should be realized that this method of hedging against a decline in the value of a currency does not eliminate fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities. It simply establishes a rate of exchange at a future date. Additionally, although such contracts tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, at the same time, they tend to limit any potential gain which might result from an increase in the value of that currency.
Although the funds value their assets daily in terms of U.S. dollars, they do not intend to convert their holdings of foreign currencies into U.S. dollars on a daily basis. They will do so from time to time, and there are costs associated with currency conversion. Although foreign exchange dealers do not charge a fee for
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conversion, they do realize a profit based on the difference between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies. Thus, a dealer may offer to sell a foreign currency to the funds at one rate, while offering a lesser rate of exchange should the funds desire to resell that currency to the dealer.
Federal Tax Treatment of Options, Futures Contracts, and Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts
The funds may enter into certain options, futures, forward foreign exchange contracts, and swaps, including options and futures on currencies. Entering into such transactions can affect the timing and character of the income and gains realized by the funds and the timing and character of fund distributions.
Such contracts, if they qualify as Section 1256 contracts, will be considered to have been closed at the end of the funds taxable years and any gains or losses will be recognized for tax purposes at that time. Such gains or losses (as well as gains or losses from the normal closing or settlement of such transactions) will be characterized as 60% long-term capital gain (taxable at a maximum rate of 15%) or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss regardless of the holding period of the instrument (ordinary income or loss for foreign exchange contracts). The funds will be required to distribute net gains on such transactions to shareholders even though it may not have closed the transaction and received cash to pay such distributions. As a result of recent legislation, swaps are generally excluded from the definition of a Section 1256 contract.
Certain options, futures, forward foreign exchange contracts, and swaps, which offset another security in the fund, including options, futures, and forward exchange contracts on currencies, which offset a foreign dollar-denominated bond or currency position, may be considered straddles for tax purposes. Generally, a loss on any position in a straddle will be subject to deferral to the extent of any unrealized gain in an offsetting position. For securities that were held for one year or less at inception of the straddle, the holding period may be deemed not to begin until the straddle is terminated. If securities comprising a straddle have been held for more than one year at inception of the straddle, losses on offsetting positions may be treated as entirely long-term capital losses even if the offsetting positions have been held for less than one year. However, a fund may choose to comply with certain identification requirements for offsetting positions that are components of a straddle. Losses with respect to identified positions are not deferred, rather the basis of the identified position that offset the loss position is increased.
In order for the funds to continue to qualify for federal income tax treatment as regulated investment companies, at least 90% of their gross income for a taxable year must be derived from qualifying income, e.g., generally dividends, interest, income derived from loans of securities, and gains from the sale of securities or currencies. Tax regulations could be issued limiting the extent to which the net gain realized from options, futures, or forward foreign exchange contracts on currencies is qualifying income for purposes of the 90% requirement.
Entering into certain options, futures, forward foreign exchange contracts, or swaps may result in a constructive sale of offsetting stocks or debt securities of the funds. In such case the funds will be required to realize gain, but not loss, on the deemed sale of such positions as if the position were sold on that date.
For certain options, futures, forward foreign exchange contracts, or swaps, the IRS has not issued comprehensive rules relating to the timing and character of income and gains realized on such contracts. It is possible that new tax legislations and new IRS regulations could result in changes to the amounts recorded by the funds, potentially resulting in tax consequences to the funds.
Options
Options are a type of potentially high-risk derivative.
Writing Call Options
The funds may write (sell) American or European style covered call options and purchase options to close out options previously written. In writing covered call options, the funds expect to generate additional premium income, which should serve to enhance the funds total return and reduce the effect of any price decline of the security, index, or currency involved in the option. Call options will generally be written on
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securities, indexes, or currencies which, in T. Rowe Prices opinion, are not expected to have any major price increases or moves in the near future but which, over the long term, are deemed to be attractive investments for the funds.
A call option gives the holder (buyer) the right to purchase, and the writer (seller) has the obligation to sell, a security or currency at a specified price (the exercise price) at expiration of the option (European style) or at any time until a certain date (the expiration date) (American style). Index options are option contracts in which the underlying value is based on the level of a particular securities index. So long as the obligation of the writer of a call option continues, he may be assigned an exercise notice by the broker-dealer through whom such option was sold, requiring him to deliver the underlying security or currency against payment of the exercise price. This obligation terminates upon the expiration of the call option or such earlier time at which the writer effects a closing purchase transaction by repurchasing an option identical to that previously sold. To secure his obligation to deliver the underlying security or currency in the case of a call option, a writer is required to deposit in escrow the underlying security or currency or other assets in accordance with the rules of a clearing corporation.
The funds generally will write only covered call options. This means that the funds will either own the security or currency subject to the option or an option to purchase the same underlying security or currency having an exercise price equal to or less than the exercise price of the covered option. From time to time, the funds will write a call option that is not covered as indicated above (for example, an option on an index) but where the funds will establish and maintain, with its custodian for the term of the option, an account consisting of cash, U.S. government securities, other liquid high-grade debt obligations, or other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC, having a value equal to the fluctuating market value of the optioned securities or currencies or index level. While such an option would be covered with sufficient collateral to satisfy SEC prohibitions on issuing senior securities, this type of strategy would expose the funds to the risks of writing uncovered options, which could result in unlimited losses if a fund writes an uncovered call option.
Portfolio securities or currencies on which call options may be written will be purchased solely on the basis of investment considerations consistent with the funds investment objectives. The writing of covered call options is a conservative investment technique believed to involve relatively little risk (in contrast to the writing of naked or uncovered options, which the funds generally will not do) but capable of enhancing the funds total return. When writing a covered call option, the funds, in return for the premium, give up the opportunity for profit from a price increase in the underlying security or currency above the exercise price, but conversely retain the risk of loss should the price of the security or currency decline. Unlike one that owns securities or currencies not subject to an option, the funds have no control over when they may be required to sell the underlying securities or currencies, since they may be assigned an exercise notice at any time prior to the expiration of its obligation as a writer. If a call option the funds have written expires, the funds will realize a gain in the amount of the premium; however, such gain may be offset by a decline in the market value of the underlying security or currency during the option period. If the call option is exercised, the funds will realize a gain or loss from the sale of the underlying security or currency. The funds do not consider a security or currency covered by a call to be pledged as that term is used in the funds policy, which limits the pledging or mortgaging of assets. If the fund writes an uncovered option on a security as described above, it will bear the risk of having to purchase the security subject to the option at a price higher than the exercise price of the option. As the price of a security could appreciate substantially, the funds loss could be significant.
The premium received is the market value of an option. The premium the funds will receive from writing a call option will reflect, among other things, the current market price of the underlying security or currency, the relationship of the exercise price to such market price, the historical price volatility of the underlying security or currency, and the length of the option period. Once the decision to write a call option has been made, T. Rowe Price, in determining whether a particular call option should be written on a particular security or currency, will consider the reasonableness of the anticipated premium and the likelihood that a liquid secondary market will exist for those options. The premium received by the funds for writing covered call options will be recorded as a liability of the funds. This liability will be adjusted daily to the options current market value, which will be the latest sale price on its primary exchange at the time at which the net asset values per share of the funds are computed (close of the NYSE, normally 4 p.m. ET) or, in the absence of such sale, the mean of closing bid and ask prices. The option will be terminated upon expiration of the option, the
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purchase of an identical option in a closing transaction, or delivery of the underlying security or currency upon the exercise of the option.
As the seller of an index call option, the fund receives a premium from the purchaser. The purchaser of an index call option has the right to any appreciation in the value of the index over a fixed price (the exercise price) by the expiration date of the option. If the purchaser does not exercise the option, the fund retains the premium. If the purchaser exercises the option, the fund pays the purchaser the difference between the value of the index and the exercise price of the option. The premium, the exercise price, and the value of the index determine the gain or loss realized by the fund as the seller of the index call option. The fund can also repurchase the call option prior to the expiration date, thereby ending its obligation. In this case, the difference between the cost of repurchasing the option and the premium received will determine the gain or loss realized by the fund.
Closing transactions will be effected in order to realize a profit on an outstanding call option, to prevent an underlying security or currency from being called, or to permit the sale of the underlying security or currency. Furthermore, effecting a closing transaction will permit the funds to write another call option on the underlying security or currency with either a different exercise price or expiration date or both. If the funds desire to sell a particular security or currency from their portfolios on which they have written a call option, or purchased a put option, they will seek to effect a closing transaction prior to, or concurrently with, the sale of the security or currency. There is, of course, no assurance that the funds will be able to effect such closing transactions at favorable prices. If the funds cannot enter into such a transaction, they may be required to hold a security or currency that they might otherwise have sold. When the funds write a covered call option, they run the risk of not being able to participate in the appreciation of the underlying securities or currencies above the exercise price, as well as the risk of being required to hold on to securities or currencies that are depreciating in value. This could result in higher transaction costs. The funds will pay transaction costs in connection with the writing of options to close out previously written options. Such transaction costs are normally higher than those applicable to purchases and sales of portfolio securities.
Call options written by the funds will normally have expiration dates of less than nine months from the date written. The exercise price of the options may be below, equal to, or above the current market values of the underlying securities or currencies at the time the options are written. From time to time, the funds may purchase an underlying security or currency for delivery in accordance with an exercise notice of a call option assigned to it, rather than delivering such security or currency from their portfolios. In such cases, additional costs may be incurred.
The funds will realize a profit or loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the transaction is less or more than the premium received from the writing of the option. Because increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying security or currency, any loss resulting from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part by appreciation of the underlying security or currency owned by the funds.
The funds will not write a covered call option if, as a result, the aggregate market value of all portfolio securities or currencies covering written call or put options exceeds 25% of the market value of the funds total assets. In calculating the 25% limit, the funds will offset the value of securities underlying purchased calls and puts on identical securities or currencies with identical maturity dates.
Writing Put Options
The funds may write American or European style covered put options and purchase options to close out options previously written by the funds. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and the writer (seller) has the obligation to buy, the underlying security, currency, or index option at the exercise price during the option period (American style) or at the expiration of the option (European style). So long as the obligation of the writer continues, he may be assigned an exercise notice by the broker-dealer through whom such option was sold, requiring him to make payment to the exercise price against delivery of the underlying security or currency. The operation of put options in other respects, including their related risks and rewards, is substantially identical to that of call options.
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If the funds write put options, they will do so only on a covered basis. This means that the funds would maintain, in a segregated account, cash, U.S. government securities, other liquid high-grade debt obligations, or other suitable cover as determined by the SEC, in an amount not less than the exercise price. Alternatively, the funds will own an option to sell the underlying security or currency subject to the option having an exercise price equal to or greater than the exercise price of the covered option at all times while the put option is outstanding. (The rules of a clearing corporation currently require that such assets be deposited in escrow to secure payment of the exercise price.)
The funds would generally write covered put options in circumstances where T. Rowe Price wishes to purchase the underlying security or currency for the funds portfolios at a price lower than the current market price of the security or currency. In such event the funds would write a put option at an exercise price which, reduced by the premium received on the option, reflects the lower price it is willing to pay. Since the funds would also receive interest on debt securities or currencies maintained to cover the exercise price of the option, this technique could be used to enhance current return during periods of market uncertainty. The risk in such a transaction would be that the market price of the underlying security or currency would decline below the exercise price, less the premiums received. Such a decline could be substantial and result in a significant loss to the funds. In addition, the funds, because they do not own the specific securities or currencies which they may be required to purchase in exercise of the put, cannot benefit from appreciation, if any, with respect to such specific securities or currencies.
The funds will not write a covered put option if, as a result, the aggregate market value of all portfolio securities or currencies covering put or call options exceeds 25% of the market value of the funds total assets. In calculating the 25% limit, the funds will offset the value of securities underlying purchased puts and calls on identical securities or currencies with identical maturity dates.
The premium received by the funds for writing covered put options will be recorded as a liability of the funds. This liability will be adjusted daily to the options current market value, which will be the latest sale price on its primary exchange at the time at which the net asset value per share of the funds is computed (close of the NYSE, normally 4 p.m. ET), or, in the absence of such sale, the mean of the closing bid and ask prices.
Purchasing Put Options
The funds may purchase American or European style put options. As the holder of a put option, the funds have the right to sell the underlying security or currency at the exercise price at any time during the option period (American style) or at the expiration of the option (European style). The funds may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to such options, exercise them, or permit them to expire. The funds may purchase put options for defensive purposes in order to protect against an anticipated decline in the value of their securities or currencies.
The funds may purchase a put option on an underlying security or currency (a protective put) owned by the funds as a defensive technique in order to protect against an anticipated decline in the value of the security or currency. Such hedge protection is provided only during the life of the put option when the funds, as holder of the put option, are able to sell the underlying security or currency at the put exercise price regardless of any decline in the underlying securitys market price or currencys exchange value. For example, a put option may be purchased in order to protect unrealized appreciation of a security or currency where T. Rowe Price deems it desirable to continue to hold the security or currency because of tax considerations. The premium paid for the put option and any transaction costs would reduce any capital gain otherwise available for distribution when the security or currency is eventually sold.
The funds may also purchase put options at a time when they do not own the underlying security or currency. By purchasing put options on a security or currency they do not own, the funds seek to benefit from a decline in the market price of the underlying security or currency. If the put option is not sold when it has remaining value and if the market price of the underlying security or currency remains equal to or greater than the exercise price during the life of the put option, the funds will lose their entire investment in the put option. In order for the purchase of a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security or currency
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must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs, unless the put option is sold in a closing sale transaction.
The funds will not commit more than 5% of total assets to premiums when purchasing put options. The premium paid by the funds when purchasing a put option will be recorded as an asset of the funds in the portfolio of investments. This asset will be adjusted daily to the options current market value, which will be the latest sale price on its primary exchange at the time at which the net asset values per share of the funds are computed (close of the NYSE, normally 4 p.m. ET) or, in the absence of such sale, the mean of closing bid and ask prices. This asset will be terminated upon expiration of the option, the selling (writing) of an identical option in a closing transaction, or the delivery of the underlying security or currency upon the exercise of the option.
Purchasing Call Options
The funds may purchase American or European style call options. As the holder of a call option, the funds have the right to purchase the underlying security or currency at the exercise price at any time during the option period (American style) or at the expiration of the option (European style). The funds may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to such options, exercise them, or permit them to expire. The funds may purchase call options for the purpose of increasing their current return or avoiding tax consequences which could reduce their current return. The funds may also purchase call options in order to acquire the underlying securities or currencies. Examples of such uses of call options are provided next.
Call options may be purchased by the funds for the purpose of acquiring the underlying securities or currencies for their portfolios. Utilized in this fashion, the purchase of call options enables the funds to acquire the securities or currencies at the exercise price of the call option plus the premium paid. At times the net cost of acquiring securities or currencies in this manner may be less than the cost of acquiring the securities or currencies directly. This technique may also be useful to the funds in purchasing a large block of securities or currencies that would be more difficult to acquire by direct market purchases. So long as the funds hold such a call option, rather than the underlying security or currency itself, the funds are partially protected from any unexpected decline in the market price of the underlying security or currency and in such event could allow the call option to expire, incurring a loss only to the extent of the premium paid for the option.
The funds may also purchase call options on underlying securities or currencies they own in order to protect unrealized gains on call options previously written by them. A call option would be purchased for this purpose where tax considerations make it inadvisable to realize such gains through a closing purchase transaction. Call options may also be purchased at times to avoid realizing losses.
The funds will not commit more than 5% of total assets to premiums when purchasing call and put options. The premium paid by the funds when purchasing a call option will be recorded as an asset of the funds in the portfolio of investments. This asset will be adjusted daily to the options current market value, which will be the latest sale price on its primary exchange at the time at which the net asset values per share of the funds are computed (close of the NYSE, normally 4 p.m. ET), or, in the absence of such sale, the mean of closing bid and ask prices.
Dealer (Over-the-Counter) Options
The funds may engage in transactions involving dealer options. Certain risks, including credit risk and counterparty risk, are specific to dealer options. While the funds would look to a clearing corporation to exercise exchange-traded options, if the funds were to purchase a dealer option, they would rely primarily on the dealer from whom they purchased the option to perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so could result in the loss of the premium paid by the funds as well as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market, while dealer options are less liquid or could have no liquidity. Consequently, the funds will generally be able to realize the value of a dealer option they have purchased only by exercising it or reselling it to the dealer who issued it. Under certain conditions,
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the funds may also be able to resell or assign a purchased dealer option to another dealer on substantially the same terms. Similarly, when the funds write a dealer option, unless they can assign the option to another dealer, they generally will be able to close out the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer to which the funds originally wrote the option. While the funds will seek to enter into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and are expected to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the funds, there can be no assurance that the dealers will consent to the closing transaction nor is it assured that the funds will realize a favorable price. Until the funds, as a covered dealer call option writer, are able to effect a closing purchase transaction, they will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) or currencies used as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of the counter-party, the funds may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect to options written by the funds, the inability to enter into a closing transaction may result in material losses to the funds.
The funds may consider OTC options to be liquid holdings; however, any OTC options that cannot be unwound, reassigned, or sold are generally considered to be illiquid. The funds may treat the cover used for written OTC options as liquid if the dealer agrees that the funds may repurchase the OTC option they have written for a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the OTC option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum repurchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
In addition, for certain types of OTC options that have substantially similar terms to exchange-traded options, the funds may treat such options, and the underlying cover used for written options, as liquid based on factors such as: (1) the frequency and availability of dealer quotes and the comparability to prices available on an options exchange; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or accept assignments of such OTC options; and (3) the nature of the OTC options, their settlement terms and their termination provisions (i.e., the time needed to close out or terminate an OTC position, method of soliciting offers, and mechanics of transfer).
Warrants
Warrants can be highly volatile and have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of the corporation issuing them. Warrants basically are options to purchase securities at a specific price valid for a specific period of time. They do not represent ownership of the securities, but only the right to buy them. Warrants differ from call options in that warrants are issued by the issuer of the security which may be purchased on their exercise, whereas call options may be written or issued by anyone. The prices of warrants do not necessarily move parallel to the prices of the underlying securities.
There are, of course, other types of securities that are or may become available that are similar to the foregoing, and the funds may invest in these securities.
Hybrid Instruments
A hybrid instrument is a debt security, preferred stock, depository share, trust certificate, certificate of deposit, or other evidence of indebtedness on which a portion of or all interest payments, and/or the principal or stated amount payable at maturity, redemption, or retirement is determined by reference to prices, changes in prices, or differences between prices of securities, currencies, intangibles, goods, articles, or commodities (collectively, underlying assets) or by another objective index, economic factor, or other measure, such as interest rates, currency exchange rates, commodity indices, and securities indices (collectively, benchmarks). Thus, hybrid instruments may take a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, debt instruments with interest or principal payments or redemption terms determined by reference to the value of a currency or commodity or securities index at a future point in time, preferred stock with dividend rates determined by reference to the value of a currency, or convertible securities with the conversion terms related to a particular commodity.
Hybrid instruments can be an efficient means of creating exposure to a particular market, or segment of a market, with the objective of enhancing total return. For example, the funds may wish to take advantage of expected declines in interest rates in several European countries, but avoid the transaction costs associated with buying and currency-hedging the foreign bond positions. One solution would be to purchase a U.S.
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dollar-denominated hybrid instrument whose redemption price is linked to the average three-year interest rate in a designated group of countries. The redemption price formula would provide for payoffs of greater than par if the average interest rate was lower than a specified level, and payoffs of less than par if rates were above the specified level. Furthermore, the funds could limit the downside risk of the security by establishing a minimum redemption price so that the principal paid at maturity could not be below a predetermined minimum level if interest rates were to rise significantly. The purpose of this arrangement, known as a structured security with an embedded put option, would be to give the funds the desired European bond exposure while avoiding currency risk, limiting downside market risk, and lowering transaction costs. Of course, there is no guarantee that the strategy will be successful, and the funds could lose money if, for example, interest rates do not move as anticipated or credit problems develop with the issuer of the hybrid instruments.
The risks of investing in hybrid instruments reflect a combination of the risks of investing in securities, options, futures, and currencies. Thus, an investment in a hybrid instrument may entail significant risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional debt instrument that has a fixed principal amount, is denominated in U.S. dollars, or bears interest either at a fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to a common, nationally published benchmark. The risks of a particular hybrid instrument will, of course, depend upon the terms of the instrument, but may include, without limitation, the possibility of significant changes in the benchmarks or the prices of underlying assets to which the instrument is linked. Such risks generally depend upon factors which are unrelated to the operations or credit quality of the issuer of the hybrid instrument and which may not be readily foreseen by the purchaser, such as economic and political events, the supply of and demand for the underlying assets, and interest rate movements. In recent years, various benchmarks and prices for underlying assets have been highly volatile, and such volatility may be expected in the future. Reference is also made to the discussion of futures, options, and forward contracts herein for a discussion of the risks associated with such investments.
Hybrid instruments are potentially more volatile and can carry greater market risks than traditional debt instruments. Depending on the structure of the particular hybrid instrument, changes in a benchmark may be magnified by the terms of the hybrid instrument and have an even more dramatic and substantial effect upon the value of the hybrid instrument. Also, the prices of the hybrid instrument and the benchmark or underlying asset may not move in the same direction or at the same time.
Hybrid instruments may bear interest or pay preferred dividends at below market (or even relatively nominal) rates. Alternatively, hybrid instruments may bear interest at above market rates but bear an increased risk of principal loss (or gain). The latter scenario may result if leverage is used to structure the hybrid instrument. Leverage risk occurs when the hybrid instrument is structured so that a given change in a benchmark or underlying asset is multiplied to produce a greater value change in the hybrid instrument, thereby magnifying the risk of loss as well as the potential for gain.
Hybrid instruments may also carry liquidity risk since the instruments are often customized to meet the portfolio needs of a particular investor, and therefore, the number of investors that are willing and able to buy such instruments in the secondary market may be smaller than that for more traditional debt securities. In addition, because the purchase and sale of hybrid instruments could take place in an OTC market without the guarantee of a central clearing organization or in a transaction between the fund and the issuer of the hybrid instrument, the creditworthiness of the counterparty or issuer of the hybrid instrument would be an additional risk factor which the funds would have to consider and monitor. Hybrid instruments also may not be subject to regulation by the CFTC, which generally regulates the trading of commodity futures by U.S. persons, the SEC, which regulates the offer and sale of securities by and to U.S. persons, or any other governmental regulatory authority.
Swap Agreements
A number of the funds may enter into interest rate, index, total return, credit, and, to the extent they may invest in foreign currency-denominated securities, currency rate swap agreements. The funds may also enter into options on swap agreements (swaptions) on the types of swaps listed above as well as swap forwards.
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Swap agreements are typically two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for a specified period of time. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular predetermined investment, index, or currency. The gross returns to be exchanged or swapped between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a notional amount, i.e., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate, in a particular foreign currency, or in a basket of securities representing a particular index. A swaption is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation) to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel, or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement at some designated future time on specified terms. The funds may write (sell) and purchase put and call swaptions. A swap forward is an agreement to enter into a swap agreement at some point in the future, usually in 3 to 6 months.
One example of the use of swaps by the funds is to manage the interest rate sensitivity of the funds. The funds might receive or pay a fixed-rate interest rate of a particular maturity and pay or receive a floating rate in order to increase or decrease the duration of the funds. Or, the funds may buy or sell swaptions to effect the same result. The funds may also replicate a security by selling it, placing the proceeds in cash deposits, and receiving a fixed rate in the swap market.
Another example is the use of credit default swaps to buy or sell credit protection. A credit default swap is a contract that enables an investor to buy or sell protection against a predetermined issuer credit event. The seller of a credit default swap may enhance income by guaranteeing the creditworthiness of the debt issuer and the buyer is provided with protection against credit risks of the issuer. Market supply and demand factors may cause distortions between the cash securities market and the default swap market.
Most swap agreements entered into by the funds would calculate the obligations of the parties to the agreement on a net basis. Consequently, the funds current obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the agreement (the net amount). The funds current obligations under a net swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the funds) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by assets determined to be liquid by T. Rowe Price.
The use of swap agreements by the funds entails certain risks. Interest rate and currency swaps could result in losses if interest rate or currency changes are not correctly anticipated by the funds. Total return swaps could result in losses if the reference index, security, or investments do not perform as anticipated by the funds. Credit default swaps could result in losses if the funds do not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the company on which the credit default swap is based.
The funds will generally incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swaption than when it purchases a swaption. When the funds purchase a swaption it risks losing only the amount of the premium they have paid should they decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when the funds write a swaption they will become obligated, upon exercise of the option, according to the terms of the underlying agreement.
Because swaps are two-party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, the funds bear the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The funds will enter into swap agreements only with counterparties that meet certain standards of creditworthiness. The swaps market is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the funds ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
There are other types of securities that are or may become available that are similar to the foregoing, and the funds may invest in these securities.
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Lending of Portfolio Securities
Securities loans may be made by the funds to broker-dealers, institutional investors, or other persons pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans be continuously secured by collateral at least equal at all times to the value of the securities lent, marked to market on a daily basis. The collateral received will consist of cash, U.S. government securities, letters of credit, or such other collateral as may be permitted under the funds investment program. The collateral, in turn, is invested in short-term securities, including shares of a T. Rowe Price internal money fund or short-term bond fund. While the securities are being lent, the funds making the loan will continue to receive the equivalent of the interest or dividends paid by the issuer on the securities, as well as a portion of the interest on the investment of the collateral. Normally, the funds employ an agent to implement their securities lending program and the agent receives a fee from the funds for its services. The funds have a right to call each loan and obtain the securities within such period of time that coincides with the normal settlement period for purchases and sales of such securities in the respective markets. The funds will not have the right to vote on securities while they are being lent, but they may call a loan in anticipation of any important vote, when practical. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of secured credit, consist of a possible default by the borrower, delay in receiving additional collateral or in the recovery of the securities, or possible loss of rights in the collateral, should the borrower fail financially. Loans will be made only if, in the judgment of T. Rowe Price, the consideration to be earned from such loans would justify the risk. Additionally, the funds bear the risk that the reinvestment of collateral will result in a principal loss. Finally, there is also the risk that the price of the securities will increase while they are on loan and the collateral will not adequately cover their value.
Borrowing and Lending
The Price Funds are parties to an interfund lending exemptive order received from the SEC on December 8, 1998, amended on November 23, 1999, that permits them to borrow money from and/or lend money to other funds in the T. Rowe Price complex. All loans are set at an interest rate between the rates charged on overnight repurchase agreements and short-term bank loans. All loans are subject to numerous conditions designed to ensure fair and equitable treatment of all participating funds. The program is subject to the oversight and periodic review of the Boards of the Price Funds.
In addition, the Floating Rate Fund, Floating Rate Multi-Sector Account Portfolio, Global Allocation Fund, and Institutional Floating Rate Fund have entered into a committed line of credit facility provided by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., pursuant to which the funds may borrow up to $200 million in order to provide them with temporary liquidity on a first-come, first-served basis. Interest is charged to the borrowing fund at a rate equal to 1.25% plus the greater of (a) the Federal Funds rate or (b) the one-month LIBOR. A commitment fee, equal to 0.10% per year of the average daily undrawn commitment, is allocated to the participating funds based on each funds relative net assets. Loans are generally unsecured; however, the fund must collateralize any borrowings under the facility on an equivalent basis if it has other collateralized borrowings.
Repurchase Agreements
The funds may enter into a repurchase agreement through which an investor (such as the funds) purchases securities (known as the underlying security) from well-established securities dealers or banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Any such dealer or bank will be on T. Rowe Prices approved list. At that time, the bank or securities dealer agrees to repurchase the underlying security at the same price, plus specified interest. Repurchase agreements are generally for a short period of time, often less than a week. Repurchase agreements that do not provide for payment within seven days will be treated as illiquid securities. The funds will enter into repurchase agreements only where (1) the underlying securities are of the type (excluding maturity limitations) which the funds investment guidelines would allow them to purchase directly, (2) the market value of the underlying security, including interest accrued, will be at all times equal to or exceed the value of the repurchase agreement, and (3) payment for the underlying security is made only
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upon physical delivery or evidence of book-entry transfer to the account of the custodian or a bank acting as agent. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, the funds could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying security and losses, including: (a) possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period while the funds seek to enforce their rights thereto; (b) possible subnormal levels of income and lack of access to income during this period; and (c) expenses of enforcing their rights.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Although the funds have no current intention of engaging in reverse repurchase agreements, they reserve the right to do so. Reverse repurchase agreements are ordinary repurchase agreements in which a fund is the seller of, rather than the investor in, securities and agrees to repurchase them at an agreed upon time and price. Use of a reverse repurchase agreement may be preferable to a regular sale and later repurchase of the securities because it avoids certain market risks and transaction costs. A reverse repurchase agreement may be viewed as a type of borrowing by the funds, subject to Investment Restriction (1). (See Investment Restrictions.)
Cash Reserves
The funds may invest their cash reserves primarily in one or more money market funds or short-term bond funds established for the exclusive use of the T. Rowe Price family of mutual funds and other clients of T. Rowe Price. Currently, two such money market funds are in operation and used for cash reserves management: the TRP Government Reserve Investment Fund and TRP Reserve Investment Fund. In addition, two such short-term bond funds may be used for cash reserves management: the T. Rowe Price Short-Term Government Reserve Fund and T. Rowe Price Short-Term Reserve Fund. Each of the four funds is a series of the T. Rowe Price Reserve Investment Funds, Inc. These funds were created and operate under an exemptive order issued by the SEC. Additional money market funds or short-term bonds may be created in the future.
TRP Government Reserve Investment Fund and TRP Reserve Investment Fund comply with the requirements of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act governing money market funds. T. Rowe Price Short-Term Government Reserve Fund and T. Rowe Price Short-Term Reserve Fund generally comply with the risk-limiting conditions of Rule 2a-7, although they are not regulated under Rule 2a-7 and do not use amortized cost in an effort to maintain a stable $1.00 share price. TRP Government Reserve Investment Fund and T. Rowe Price Short-Term Government Reserve Fund invest primarily in a portfolio of U.S. government-backed securities, primarily U.S. Treasury securities and repurchase agreements thereon.
The TRP Reserve Funds provide an efficient means of managing the cash reserves of the T. Rowe Price funds. While none of the TRP Reserve Funds pays an advisory fee to T. Rowe Price, each will incur other expenses. However, the TRP Reserve Funds are expected by T. Rowe Price to operate at very low expense ratios. The Price Funds will only invest in the TRP Reserve Funds to the extent consistent with their investment objectives and programs.
None of the funds is insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency. Although the TRP Government Reserve Investment Fund and TRP Reserve Investment Fund seek to maintain a stable net asset value of $1.00 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in them.
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Floating Rate, High Yield, Institutional Floating Rate, and Institutional High Yield Funds
Short Sales
The funds may make short sales for hedging purposes to protect them against companies whose credit is deteriorating. Short sales are transactions in which the funds sell a security they do not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security. The funds short sales would be limited to situations where the funds own a debt security of a company and would sell short the common or preferred stock or another debt security at a different level of the capital structure of the same company. No securities will be sold short if, after the effect is given to any such short sale, the total market value of all securities sold short would exceed 2% of the value of the funds net assets.
To complete a short-sale transaction, the funds must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The funds then are obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the fund. Until the security is replaced, the funds are required to pay to the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the funds also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out.
Until the funds replace a borrowed security in connection with a short sale, the funds will: (a) maintain daily a segregated account, containing cash, U.S. government securities, or other suitable cover as permitted by the SEC, at such a level that (i) the amount deposited in the account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current value of the security sold short and (ii) the amount deposited in the segregated account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will not be less than the market value of the security at the time it was sold short; or (b) otherwise cover its short position.
The funds will incur a loss as a result of the short sale if the price of the security sold short increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the funds replace the borrowed security. The funds will realize a gain if the security sold short declines in price between those dates. This result is the opposite of what one would expect from a cash purchase of a long position in a security. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends, or interest the funds may be required to pay in connection with a short sale. Any gain or loss on the security sold short would be separate from a gain or loss on the funds security being hedged by the short sale.
The Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 requires a mutual fund to recognize gain upon entering into a constructive sale of stock, a partnership interest, or certain debt positions occurring after June 8, 1997. A constructive sale is deemed to occur if the funds enter into a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract, or a futures or forward contract which is substantially identical to the appreciated position. Some of the transactions in which the funds are permitted to invest may cause certain appreciated positions in securities held by the funds to qualify as a constructive sale, in which case it would be treated as sold and the resulting gain subjected to tax or, in the case of a mutual fund, distributed to shareholders. If this were to occur, a fund would be required to distribute such gains even though it would receive no cash until the later sale of the security. Such distributions could reduce the amount of cash available for investment by the funds. Because these rules do not apply to straight debt transactions, it is not anticipated that they will have a significant impact on the funds; however, the effect cannot be determined until the issuance of clarifying regulations.
Fundamental policies may not be changed without the approval of the lesser of (1) 67% of the funds shares present at a meeting of shareholders if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares are present in person or by proxy or (2) more than 50% of the funds outstanding shares. Other restrictions in the form of operating policies are subject to change by the funds Boards without shareholder approval. Any investment
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restriction which involves a maximum percentage of securities or assets shall not be considered to be violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition of securities or assets of, or borrowings by, the funds. With the exception of the diversification test required by the Code, calculation of the funds total assets for compliance with any of the following fundamental or operating policies or any other investment restrictions set forth in the funds prospectuses or SAI will not include collateral held in connection with securities lending activities. For purposes of the tax diversification test, calculation of the funds total assets will include investments made with cash received by the funds as collateral for securities loaned. The diversification test required by the Code is set forth in the prospectuses of the funds referred to by name in restrictions (8) and (9) below.
Fundamental Policies
As a matter of fundamental policy, the funds may not:
(1) (a)