The Company has taken proactive steps to ensure the safety of its employees and customers as well as to preserve the Company’s financial flexibility. Immediate action was taken by the Company to minimize the spread of COVID-19 in its workplace and monitor the development of and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact it may have on the business. We have been following the guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control to protect employees and prevent the spread at our plant locations. The actions implemented include: telework, alternate schedules, pre-shift temperature screenings, masks, social distancing, and enhanced cleaning protocols. The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Company continues to evolve and the full magnitude the pandemic will have on the Company's financial condition, liquidity and future results is uncertain. Also uncertain is the timing, duration, shape and magnitude of recovery.

The resurgence of COVID-19 cases, and the continuation of restrictions, disruptions to travel, and businesses worldwide, may reduce customer demand and/or impair our ability to meet customer demands for products. Reduced demand for products or impaired ability to meet customer demand (including as a result of disruptions at our facilities, in the transportation of products, and/or in the operations of our vendors) could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial performance. There continues to be significant uncertainty regarding the duration of the pandemic as well as the timing and scope of recovery in the commercial aerospace industry, with a return to pre-COVID-19 levels of activity not expected in commercial aerospace industry for several years. The Company expects to continue to assess the potential implications of these conditions on its operations and take actions to preserve liquidity, including certain cost reduction measures taken subsequent to the end of fiscal year 2020, including a furlough of employees at one of its locations, starting in late November 2020 and continuing through the balance of the calendar year, in response to market conditions and its impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on customers’ ordering schedules.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The U.S. dollar is the functional currency for all the Company’s U.S. operations and its non-operating subsidiaries. For these operations, all gains and losses from completed currency transactions are included in income. The functional currency for the Company's other non-U.S. subsidiaries is the Euro. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange at the end of the period, and revenues and expenses are translated using average rates of exchange. Foreign currency translation adjustments are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity.

Receivables are presented net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $249 and $592 at September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Accounts receivable outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. The Company writes off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible. During fiscal 2020 and 2019, $263 and $33, respectively, of accounts receivable were written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. Bad debt expense totaled $80 and $39 in fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2019, respectively.

Most of the Company’s receivables represent trade receivables due from manufacturers of turbine engines and aircraft components as well as turbine engine overhaul companies located throughout the world, including a significant concentration of U.S. based companies. In fiscal 2020, 47% of the Company’s consolidated net sales were from three of its largest customers; and 49% of the Company's consolidated net sales were from the four largest customers and their direct subcontractors, which individually accounted for 16%, 13%, 10% and 10%, of consolidated net sales, respectively. In fiscal 2019, 44% of the Company’s consolidated net sales were from three of its largest customers; and 50% of the Company's consolidated net sales were from four of the largest customers and their direct subcontractors which individually accounted for 14%, 13%, 12% and 11%, of consolidated net sales, respectively. Other than what has been disclosed, no other single customer or group represented greater than 10% of total net sales in fiscal 2020 and 2019.

At September 30, 2020, two of the Company’s largest customers had outstanding net accounts receivable which individually accounted for 30% of the total net accounts receivable; and three of the largest customers and their direct subcontractors had outstanding net accounts receivable which accounted for 13%, 13%, and 12% of total net accounts receivable, respectively. At September 30, 2019, two of the Company’s largest customers had outstanding net accounts receivable which individually accounted for 10% of total net accounts receivable; and three of the largest customers and their direct subcontractors had outstanding net accounts receivable which accounted for 15%, 14%, and 12% of total net accounts receivable, respectively. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial conditions. The Company believes its allowance for doubtful accounts is sufficient based on the credit exposures outstanding at September 30, 2020.

For a portion of the Company's inventory, cost is determined using the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method. For approximately 47% and 27% of the Company’s inventories at September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, the LIFO method is used to value the Company’s inventories. The first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method is used to value the remainder of the Company’s inventories, which are stated at the lower cost or net realizable value.

The Company maintains allowances for obsolete and excess inventory. The Company evaluates its allowances for obsolete and excess inventory each quarter and requires at a minimum that reserves be established based on an analysis of the age of the inventory. In addition, if the Company identifies specific obsolescence, other than that identified by the aging criteria, an additional reserve will be recognized. Specific obsolescence and excess reserve requirements may arise due to technological or market changes or based on cancellation of an order. The Company’s reserves for obsolete and excess inventory were $3,676 and $3,335 at September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is generally computed using the straight-line method. Depreciation is provided in amounts sufficient to amortize the cost of the assets over their estimated useful lives. Depreciation provisions are based on estimated useful lives: (i) buildings, including building improvements - 5 to 40 years; (ii) machinery and equipment, including office and computer equipment - 3 to 20 years; (iii) software - 3 to 7 years (included in machinery and equipment); and (iv) leasehold improvements - remaining life or length of the lease, whichever is less (included in buildings).

The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets ("asset groups"), including property, plant and equipment, when events and circumstances indicate a triggering event has occurred. This review is performed using estimates of future undiscounted cash flows, which include proceeds from disposal of assets. Under the Accounting Standard Codification ("ASC") 360 ("Topic 360"), if the carrying value of a long-lived asset is greater than the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, then the long-lived asset is considered impaired and an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the long-lived asset exceeds its fair value.

The Company continuously monitors triggers to determine if further testing is necessary. In fiscal 2020, the Company evaluated triggers for asset impairment three times. During two of the three assessments, it was determined that there were no triggering events requiring further review of its assets groups. The fourth quarter assessment resulted in further evaluation. Certain qualitative factors, such as the reduction on future forecasted sales due to the reduction of committed orders by certain customers triggered a recoverability test on its Orange, California ("Orange") location. The result of management's analysis on the asset group's recoverability at year-end indicated that the long-lived assets, right-of-use assets and definite lived intangible assets were recoverable and did not require further review for impairment.

The Company experienced three triggering events in fiscal 2019 requiring the review of two asset groups to determine if the carrying value of each asset group is recoverable. Certain qualitative factors were triggered at its Orange location. See Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies, of the consolidated financial statements, for further discussion on the evaluation of its long-lived assets as it relates to the Orange asset group. The Maniago, Italy ("Maniago") location triggered certain qualitative factors, which led to an assessment of its long-lived assets as of May 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively, due to the continued challenges on operating income trends for the respective asset group. The results of management's analysis on the asset group's recoverability at interim and at year-end, respectively, indicated that the long-lived assets and definite lived intangible assets were recoverable and did not require further review for impairment.

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets of an acquired business. Goodwill is subject to impairment testing if triggered in the interim, and if not, on an annual basis. The Company has selected July 31 as the annual impairment testing date. With the adoption of Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") 2017-04, Step 2 has been eliminated from the goodwill impairment test. The first step of the goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit (as defined) with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired. However, if the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, the Company should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. See Note 3, Goodwill and Intangibles, of the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the July 31, 2020 and 2019 annual impairment test results and its interim goodwill test performed as of May 31, 2019 for one of its reporting units.

Intangible assets consist of identifiable intangibles acquired or recognized in the accounting for the acquisition of a business and include such items as a trade name, a non-compete agreement, below market lease, customer relationships and order backlog. Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives ranging from one year to ten years. Identifiable intangible assets assessment for impairment is evaluated when events and circumstances warrant such a review, as noted within Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Asset Impairment, of the consolidated financial statements.

The Company’s net income and loss per basic share has been computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. Net income in the current period, per diluted share reflects the effect of the Company's outstanding restricted shares and performance shares under the treasury method. In the prior period, due to the net loss for each reporting period, zero restricted shares are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive. The dilutive effect is as follows:


	September 30,
	2020		2019


Net income (loss)	$	9,191	$	(7,506)

Weighted-average common shares outstanding (basic)	5,661		5,566
Effect of dilutive securities:

Restricted shares	120		—
Performance shares	10		—
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (diluted)	5,791		5,566


Net income (loss) per share – basic:	$	1.62	$	(1.35)



Net income (loss) per share – diluted:	$	1.59	$	(1.35)



Anti-dilutive weighted-average common shares excluded from calculation of diluted earnings per share	207		196

The Company recognizes revenue using the five-step revenue recognition model in which it depicts the transfer of goods to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which a company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The revenue standard also requires disclosure sufficient to enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from the cost to obtain or fulfill a contract.

Contract assets on the consolidated balance sheets are recognized when a good is transferred to the customer and the Company does not have the contractual right to bill for the related performance obligations. In these instances, revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer and the right to payment is not solely subject to the passage of time. Amounts do not exceed their net realizable value. Contract liabilities relate to payments received in advance of the satisfaction of performance under the contract. Payment from customers are received based on the terms established in the contract with the customer.

The Company has implemented ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)" and ASU 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements," (collectively with ASU 2016-02, "Topic 842"), which was adopted on October 1, 2019 using the cumulative-effect adjustment transition method. Significant changes to the Company's accounting policies as a result of adopting Topic 842 are referenced in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Impact of Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and in Note 10, Leases.

The Company adopted Topic 842 as of October 1, 2019, using the cumulative effective method. Under the transition method selected by the Company, leases that are not short-term in nature existing at, or entered on October 1, 2019 were required to be recognized and measured. Prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reflected with the Company's historical accounting. The adoption of Topic 842 resulted in the Company recording right-of-use ("ROU") assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $18,059 to the consolidated balance sheet as of October 1, 2019, with no related impact on the Company's consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) or consolidated statement of cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" and subsequent updates. ASU 2016-13 changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The new guidance will replace the current incurred loss approach with an expected loss model. The new expected credit loss impairment model will apply to most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables, loans, held-to-maturity debt instruments, net investments in leases, loan commitments and standby letters of credit. Upon initial recognition of the exposure, the expected credit loss model requires entities to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures). The estimate of expected credit losses should consider historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments. Financial instruments with similar risk characteristics should be grouped together when estimating expected credit losses. ASU 2016-13 does not prescribe a specific method to make the estimate, so its application will require significant judgment. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public companies in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. However, in November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, "Financial Instruments - Credit Loss (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842)," which defers the effective date for public filers that are considered smaller reporting companies ("SRC"), as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Because SIFCO is considered a SRC, the Company does not need to implement until October 1, 2023. The Company will continue to evaluate the effect of adopting ASU 2016-13 will have on the Company's results within the consolidated statements of operations and financial condition.

In December 2019, ASU 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes" was issued to (i) reduce the complexity of the standard by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and (ii) improve consistency and simplify other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This ASU is effective beginning October 1, 2021. The Company continues to evaluate the effect adopting this ASU will have on the Company's results within the consolidated statements of operations and financial condition.


	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Retirement Plan Liability Adjustment		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss




Balance at September 30, 2018	$	(4,955)	$	(3,674)	$	(8,629)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications	(712)		(4,643)		(5,355)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		675		675
Net current-period other comprehensive loss	(712)		(3,968)		(4,680)

Balance at September 30, 2019	(5,667)		(7,642)		(13,309)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	410		(1,560)		(1,150)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		991		991
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	410		(569)		(159)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(5,257)	$	(8,211)	$	(13,468)


	Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
Details about accumulated other comprehensive loss components	2020		2019		Affected line item in the Consolidated Statement of Operations

Amortization of Retirement plan liability:
Prior service costs	$	—	$	—	(1)
Net actuarial gain (loss)	(808)		(4,214)		(1)
Settlements/curtailments	239		246		(1)
	(569)		(3,968)		Total before taxes
	—		—		Income tax expense
	$	(569)	$	(3,968)	Net of taxes

The Company provides deferred income taxes for the temporary difference between the financial reporting basis and tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Such taxes are measured using the enacted tax rates that are assumed to be in effect when the differences reverse. Deductible temporary differences result principally from recording certain expenses in the financial statements in excess of amounts currently deductible for tax purposes. Taxable temporary differences result principally from tax depreciation in excess of book depreciation.

The Company evaluates for uncertain tax positions taken at each balance sheet date. The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest cumulative benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax

The Company maintains a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets when management believes it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset may not be realized. Changes in valuation allowances are recorded in the period of change. In determining whether a valuation allowance is warranted, the Company evaluates factors such as prior earnings history, expected future earnings, carry-back and carry-forward periods and tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of the realization of a deferred tax asset.

The Tax Cut and Jobs Act (the "Act") includes provisions for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) wherein minimum taxes are imposed on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on the tangible assets of foreign corporations. This income will effectively be taxed at a 10.5% tax rate. GILTI was effective for the Company starting in fiscal 2019. The Company has elected to account for GILTI as a component of tax expense in the period in which the Company is subject to the rules.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company utilizes certain assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and/or the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. Based on the examination of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, the Company is required to provide the following information according to the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The book value of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their fair values because of their short maturities. The carrying value of debt is considered to approximate the fair value based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities. Fair value measurements of non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities are primarily used in goodwill, other intangible assets and long-lived assets impairment analysis, the valuation of acquired intangibles and in the valuation of assets held for sale. Goodwill and intangible assets are valued using Level 3 inputs.

Share-based compensation is measured at the grant date, based on the calculated fair value of the award and the probability of meeting its performance condition, and is recognized as expense when it is probable that the performance conditions will be met over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period). Share-based expense includes expense related to restricted shares and performance shares issued under the Company's 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan ("2007 Plan") and the Company's 2007 Plan Long-Term Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated as of November 16, 2016) (as further amended, the "2016 Plan"). The Company recognizes share-based expense within selling, general, and administrative expense.