The Company has significant leases that include most domestic Company-owned restaurant and commissary locations. Other domestic leases include tractor and trailer leases used by our distribution subsidiary as well as commissary equipment. Additionally, the Company leases a significant number of restaurants within the United Kingdom; these restaurants are then subleased to the franchisees. The Company’s leases have terms as follows:

All leases entered into prior to the adoption of ASC 842 were classified as operating leases. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company entered into new domestic tractor and trailer leases. These leases are classified as finance leases and are included in the Finance lease right-of-use assets, net, Current finance lease liabilities, and Long-term finance lease liabilities captions on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception and recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less but greater than one month are not recorded on the balance sheet for select asset classes. The lease liability is measured at the present value of future lease payments as of the lease commencement date, or the opening balance sheet date for leases existing at adoption of Topic 842. The right-of-use asset recognized is based on the lease liability adjusted for prepaid and deferred rent and unamortized lease incentives. An operating lease right-of-use asset is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is recognized as a single lease cost against the operating lease liability. A finance lease right-of-use asset is amortized on a straight-line basis, with interest costs reported separately, over the lesser of the useful life of the leased asset or lease term.

Certain leases provide that the lease payments may be increased annually based on the fixed rate terms or adjustable terms such as the Consumer Price Index. Future base rent escalations that are not contractually quantifiable as of the lease commencement date are not included in our lease liability.

The following schedule details the total right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 29, 2019 and the date of adoption on December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease expense is comprised of operating and finance lease costs, short-term lease costs, and variable lease costs, which are primarily comprised of common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and insurance for the Company’s real estate leases. Lease costs also include variable rent, which is primarily related to the Company’s supply chain tractor and trailer leases that are based on a rate per mile. Lease expense for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 29, 2019 are as follows:

Future minimum lease payments and sublease income under contractually-obligated leases as of September 29, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

(1)	Operating lease liabilities of $2.4 million are separately reported in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets under the caption “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities”.

Future minimum lease payments and sublease income under contractually-obligated leases as of December 30, 2018 were as follows (in thousands):


Fiscal Year	Operating Lease Costs		Expected Sublease Income
2019	$	40,834	$	8,079
2020		36,631		8,061
2021		31,159		7,818
2022		25,188		7,462
2023		18,694		7,182
Thereafter		57,304		42,518
Total future minimum lease payments	$	209,810	$	81,120

Lessor Operating Leases

We sublease certain retail space to our franchisees in the United Kingdom which are primarily operating leases. At September 29, 2019, we leased and subleased approximately 370 Papa John’s restaurants to franchisees in the United Kingdom. The initial lease terms on the franchised sites in the United Kingdom are generally 15 years. The Company has the option to negotiate an extension toward the end of the lease term at the landlord’s discretion. Rental income, primarily derived from properties leased and subleased to franchisees in the United Kingdom, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective operating lease terms, in accordance with Topic 842, similar to previous guidance.

Lease Guarantees

As a result of assigning our interest in obligations under property leases as a condition of the refranchising of certain restaurants, we are contingently liable for payment of approximately 103 domestic leases. These leases have varying terms, the latest of which expires in 2033. As of September 29, 2019, the estimated maximum amount of undiscounted payments the Company could be required to make in the event of nonpayment by the primary lessees was $14.8 million. This contingent liability is not included in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet or future minimum lease obligation. The fair value of the guarantee is not material.

There were no leases recorded between related parties.

Supplemental Cash Flow & Other Information

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the periods reported is as follows:


		Nine Months Ended
(in thousands, except for weighted-average amounts)		September 29, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	108
Financing cash flows from finance leases		371
Operating cash flows from operating leases		30,342
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities		10,203
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities		13,335
Cash received from sublease income		7,196

Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years):
Finance leases		5.03
Operating leases		6.98
Weighted-average discount rate:
Finance leases		6.40%
Operating leases		6.93%