9.Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings consisting of intellectual property, employment, consumer, commercial and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with ASC 450, “Contingencies” the Company makes accruals and or disclosures, with respect to these matters, where appropriate.

Ameranth, Inc. vs Papa John’s International, Inc. In August 2011, Ameranth, Inc. (“Ameranth”) filed various patent infringement actions against a number of defendants, including the Company, in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (the “California Court”), which were consolidated by the California Court in October 2012 (the “Consolidated Case”). The Consolidated Case was stayed until January 2018 when Ameranth decided to proceed on only one patent, after the Company received a favorable decision by the Patent and Trademark Office on certain other patents. A Markman hearing was held in December 2017, which did not dispose of Ameranth’s claims, and the California Court set a jury trial date of for the claims against the Company. However, on September 25, 2018, the California Court granted the defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment and found that the Ameranth patent at issue was invalid. As a result, the California Court vacated all pending trial dates. However, Ameranth has subsequently filed an appeal. The Company believes this case lacks merit and that it has strong defenses to all of the infringement claims. The Company intends to defend the suit vigorously. However, the Company is unable to predict the likelihood of success of Ameranth’s appeal. The Company has not recorded a liability related to this lawsuit as of September 30, 2018, as it does not believe a loss is probable or reasonably estimable.

Durling et al v. Papa John’s International, Inc., is a conditionally certified collective action filed in May 2016 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (“the New York Court”), alleging that corporate restaurant delivery drivers were not properly reimbursed for vehicle mileage and expenses in accordance with the Fair Labor Standards Act ("FLSA"). In July 2018, the New York Court granted a motion to certify a conditional corporate collective class and the opt-in notice process has begun. The Company continues to deny any liability or wrongdoing in this matter and intends to vigorously defend this action. The Company has not recorded any liability related to this lawsuit as of September 30, 2018 as it does not believe a loss is probable or reasonably estimable.

Other Matters

We have experienced negative publicity and consumer sentiment as a result of statements and actions by the Company’s founder and former spokesperson John H. Schnatter in July 2018, which have materially and negatively impacted our sales. Mr. Schnatter resigned as Chairman of the Board on July 11, 2018 and a Special Committee of the Board of Directors consisting of all of the independent directors (the “Special Committee”) was formed on July 15, 2018 to evaluate and take action with respect to all of the Company’s relationships and arrangements with Mr. Schnatter. Following its formation, the Special Committee terminated Mr. Schnatter’s Founder Agreement, which defined his role in the Company, among other things, as advertising and brand spokesperson for the Company. The Special Committee is also, among other things, overseeing the previously announced external audit and investigation of all the Company’s existing processes, policies and systems related to diversity and inclusion, supplier and vendor engagement and Papa John’s culture. On July 17, 2018, the Company announced that the Special Committee appointed Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP to oversee the cultural audit and investigation. This audit and investigation is ongoing. In addition, on July 27, 2018, the Company announced that the Board’s Lead Independent Director, Olivia F. Kirtley, had been unanimously appointed by the Board of Directors to serve as Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors.

In the third quarter of 2018, the Company incurred significant costs (defined as “Special charges”) of approximately $24.8 million before tax as a result of the above-mentioned recent events. The costs for the third quarter include franchise royalty reductions of approximately $9.9 million for all North America franchisees and reimaging costs at nearly all domestic restaurants and replacement or write off of certain branded assets totaling $3.6 million. These costs also include legal and professional fees, which amounted to $11.3 million, for various related matters as well as legal and advisory costs related to the previously announced external culture audit and other activities currently overseen by the Special Committee. The franchise royalty reductions reduce the amount of North America franchise royalties and fees revenues within our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. All other costs associated with these events are included in General and administrative expenses within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company could continue to experience a decline in sales resulting from the aforementioned negative consumer sentiment. The Company also expects to continue to incur significant Special charges, including certain committed franchisee support, for the remainder of 2018, which could continue into 2019 as a result of the recent events. These include the following:

financial assistance to domestic franchisees, such as short-term royalty reductions,

contributions to the national marketing fund in the fourth quarter to increase marketing and promotional activities,

costs associated with the continuation of the third-party audit of the culture at the Company commissioned by the Special Committee as well as costs associated with implementing new policies and procedures to address any findings of the audit, and

additional legal and advisory costs, including costs associated with the implementation of plans and activities of the Special Committee.

On July 26, 2018, John H. Schnatter filed a complaint in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware seeking to inspect certain books and records of the Company. While the Company believes that the request for inspection is not for a proper purpose under Delaware law and includes certain categories of documents relating to the Special Committee to which Mr. Schnatter is not entitled, the Company will comply with any decision of the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware.

On August 30, 2018, Mr. Schnatter filed a lawsuit in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware against the Company, its chief executive officer, and the members of the Special Committee, claiming breaches of fiduciary duty. On September 21, 2018, Mr. Schnatter amended his complaint to drop the chief executive officer as a defendant. Mr. Schnatter seeks a number of injunctions forbidding the Special Committee from taking various actions and seeks to invalidate the Company’s stockholder rights plan.

On August 30, 2018, a class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court, Southern District of New York, on behalf of a class of investors who purchased or acquired stock in Papa John's through a period up to and including July 19, 2018. The complaint alleges violations of Sections l0(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company believes that it has valid and meritorious defenses to these suits and intends to vigorously defend against them. The Company has not recorded any liability related to these lawsuits as of September 30, 2018 as it does not believe a loss is probable or estimable.