UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-K

☑ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 1-12936

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	36-3228472
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2701 Spruce Street, Quincy, IL 62301

(Address of principal executive offices)

(217) 228-6011

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.0001 par value	TWI	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:   None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes ☐  No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ☑  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company”, and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☑
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes ☐  No ☑

The aggregate market value of the shares of common stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2020, was approximately $89 million based upon the last reported sale price of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2020.

Indicate the number of shares of Titan International, Inc. outstanding: 61,460,936 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value, as of February 26, 2021.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of stockholders, to be held on June 10, 2021, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Index to Annual Report on Form 10-K

Part I.		Page
Item 1.	Business	4
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	11
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	17
Item 2.	Properties	17
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	17
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	17
Part II.
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	18
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	30
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	30
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	30
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	30
Item 9B.	Other Information	31
Part III.
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	32
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	32
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	32
Item 13.	Certain Relationships, Related Transactions, and Director Independence	32
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	32
Part IV.
Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	33
	Exhibit Index	33
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	35
	Signatures	35

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements, which are covered by the "Safe Harbor for Forward-Looking Statements" provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. The Company tried to identify forward-looking statements in this report by using words such as “anticipates,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” and “believes,” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would,” “may,” and “could.” These forward-looking statements include, among other items, statements relating to the following:

•the Company's financial performance;

•anticipated trends in the Company’s business;

•expectations with respect to the end-user markets into which the Company sells its products (including agricultural equipment, earthmoving/construction equipment, and consumer products);

•future expenditures for capital projects;

•the Company’s ability to continue to control costs and maintain quality;

•the Company's ability to meet conditions of loan agreements;

•the Company’s business strategies, including its intention to introduce new products;

•expectations concerning the performance and success of the Company’s existing and new products; and

•the Company’s intention to consider and pursue acquisition and divestiture opportunities.

Readers of this Form 10-K should understand that these forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current expectations and assumptions about future events and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict, including those in Part 1, Item 1A of this report, “Risk Factors,” certain of which are beyond the Company’s control.

Actual results could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including:

•the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations and financial performance;

•the effect of a recession on the Company and its customers and suppliers;

•changes in the Company’s end-user markets into which the Company sells its products as a result of domestic and world economic or regulatory influences or otherwise;

•changes in the marketplace, including new products and pricing changes by the Company’s competitors;

•ability to maintain satisfactory labor relations;

•unfavorable outcomes of legal proceedings;

•the Company's ability to comply with current or future regulations applicable to the Company's business and the industry in which it competes or any actions taken or orders issued by regulatory authorities;

•availability and price of raw materials;

•levels of operating efficiencies;

•the effects of the Company's indebtedness and its compliance with the terms thereof;

•changes in the interest rate environment and their effects on the Company's outstanding indebtedness;

•unfavorable product liability and warranty claims;

•actions of domestic and foreign governments, including the imposition of additional tariffs;

•geopolitical and economic uncertainties relating to the countries in which the Company operates or does business;

•risks associated with acquisitions, including difficulty in integrating operations and personnel, disruption of ongoing business, and increased expenses;

•results of investments;

•the effects of potential processes to explore various strategic transactions, including potential dispositions;

•fluctuations in currency translations;

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•climate change and related laws and regulations;

•risks associated with environmental laws and regulations;

•risks relating to our manufacturing facilities, including that any of our material facilities may become inoperable; and

•risks related to financial reporting, internal controls, tax accounting, and information systems.

Any changes in such factors could lead to significantly different results.  Any assumptions that are inaccurate or do not prove to be correct could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to achieve the results as indicated in forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.  In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking information and assumptions contained in this document will in fact transpire. The reader should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements included in this report or that may be made elsewhere from time to time by the Company, or on its behalf. All forward-looking statements attributable to Titan are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.

PART I

ITEM 1 – BUSINESS

OVERVIEW

Titan International, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (Titan or the Company), is a global wheel, tire, and undercarriage industrial manufacturer and supplier that services customers across the globe.  Titan traces its roots to the Electric Wheel Company in Quincy, Illinois, which was founded in 1890.  Titan was originally incorporated in 1983 and has increased its global footprint and enhanced product offerings through major acquisitions which include the following:

•2005 - The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company’s North American farm tire assets

•2006 - Off-the-road (OTR) tire assets of Continental Tire North America

•2011 - The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company's Latin American farm tire business

•2012 - 56% controlling interest in Planet Corporation Group, now known as Titan Australia

•2013/2014 - A noncontrolling interest in Voltyre-Prom, a leading producer of agricultural and industrial tires, which owns and operates an over two million square foot manufacturing facility located in Volgograd Russia; and

•2018 - The remaining 44% interest in Titan Australia

•2019 - An additional 21.4% interest in Voltyre-Prom (from 42.9% to 64.3%) resulting in controlling interest

As a leading manufacturer in the off-highway industry, Titan produces a broad range of products to meet the specifications of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and aftermarket customers in the agricultural, earthmoving/construction, and consumer markets.  Titan manufactures and sells certain tires under the Goodyear Farm Tire and Titan Tire brands and has complete research and development facilities to validate wheel and rim designs.

BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Titan designs and manufactures products for OEMs and aftermarket customers in the agricultural, earthmoving/construction, and consumer markets. For additional information concerning the revenues, expenses, income from operations, and assets attributable to each of the segments in which the Company operates, see Note 29 to the Company's consolidated financial statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this annual report.

AGRICULTURAL SEGMENT

Titan’s agricultural rims, wheels, tires, and undercarriage systems and components are manufactured for use on various agricultural equipment, including tractors, combines, skidders, plows, planters, and irrigation equipment, and are sold directly to OEMs and to the aftermarket through independent distributors, equipment dealers, and Titan’s distribution centers.  The wheels and rims range in diameter from nine inches to 54 inches, with the 54-inch diameter being the largest agricultural wheel manufactured in North America.  Basic configurations are combined with distinct variations (such as different centers and a wide range of material thickness) allowing the Company to offer a broad line of products to meet customer specifications. Titan’s agricultural tires range from approximately one foot to approximately seven feet in outside diameter and from five inches to 55 inches in width.  The Company offers the added value of delivering a complete wheel and tire assembly to OEM and aftermarket customers.

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EARTHMOVING/CONSTRUCTION SEGMENT

The Company manufactures rims, wheels, tires, and undercarriage systems and components for various types of OTR earthmoving, mining, military, construction, and forestry equipment, including skid steers, aerial lifts, cranes, graders and levelers, scrapers, self-propelled shovel loaders, articulated dump trucks, load transporters, haul trucks, backhoe loaders, crawler tractors, lattice cranes, shovels, and hydraulic excavators.  The Company provides OEM and aftermarket customers with a broad range of earthmoving/construction wheels ranging in diameter from 15 to 63 inches and in weight from 125 pounds to 7,000 pounds.  The 63-inch diameter wheel is the largest manufactured in North America for the earthmoving/construction market. Titan’s earthmoving/construction tires range from approximately three feet to approximately 13 feet in outside diameter and in weight from 50 pounds to 12,500 pounds.  The Company also offers the added value of wheel and tire assembly for certain applications in the earthmoving/construction segment.

CONSUMER SEGMENT

Titan manufactures bias truck tires in Latin America and light truck tires in Russia.  Titan also offers select products for ATVs, turf, and golf cart applications. This segment also includes sales that do not readily fall into the Company's other segments.

COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS

Titan’s strong market position in the off-highway wheel, tire, and undercarriage market and its long-term core customer relationships contribute to the Company’s competitive strengths.  Titan's production of both wheels and tires enables the Company to provide a one-stop solution for its customers' wheel and tire assembly needs. These strengths, along with Titan’s dedication to the off-highway equipment market, continue to drive the Company forward.

•Strong Market Position

As a result of Titan’s offering of a broad range of specialized wheels, tires, assemblies, and undercarriage systems and components, Titan is a leader in the global off-highway market.  Through an extensive dealer network and sales force, the Company is able to reach an increasing number of aftermarket and OEM customers which build Titan’s image and brand recognition.  The Company’s production of the Goodyear Farm Tire brand in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa contributes to overall visibility and customer confidence. Years of product design and engineering experience have enabled Titan to improve existing products and develop new ones, such as Low Sidewall (LSW®), which have been well received in the marketplace.  Titan believes it has benefited from significant barriers to entry, such as the substantial investment necessary to replicate the Company’s manufacturing equipment and numerous tools, dies and molds, many of which are used in custom processes.

•Wheel and Tire Manufacturing Capabilities

The Company’s position as a manufacturer of both wheels and tires allows Titan to mount and deliver one of the largest selections of off-highway assemblies in North America. Both standard and LSW assemblies are delivered as a single, complete unit based on each customer’s specific requirements. Titan offers this value-added service for wheel and tire assemblies for the agricultural, earthmoving/construction, and consumer segments.  

•Long-Term Core Customer Relationships

The Company’s top customers, including global leaders in agricultural and construction equipment manufacturing, have been purchasing products from Titan or its predecessors for numerous years.  Customers including AGCO Corporation, Caterpillar Inc., CNH Global N.V., Deere & Company, Hitachi, Ltd., Kubota Corporation, Liebherr, and Volvo have helped sustain Titan’s market leading position in wheel, tire, assembly, and undercarriage products.

BUSINESS STRATEGY

We are the worldwide leader in manufacturing and distribution of wheels, tires, assemblies and undercarriage products and to serve our customers' needs through product innovation and quality service in the Company's key markets: agriculture, earthmoving/construction, and consumer. Other strategic considerations include:

•Tire Technology

The Company has developed an LSW tire technology, featuring a larger rim diameter and a smaller sidewall than standard tires. With LSW tire technology, which has been widely adopted within the automotive industry, users experience reduced power hop, road lope, soil compaction, and fuel consumption as well as improved safety and performance. Both power hop and road lope can disturb ride quality and impede equipment performance. The benefits correspond to Titan’s markets through superior comfort, ride and fuel economy. Titan continues to enhance the LSW technology and expand its LSW product and other tire offerings in both the agricultural and construction segments.

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•Increase Aftermarket Tire Business

The Company has concentrated on increasing Titan's presence in the tire aftermarket, which historically has been somewhat less cyclical than the OEM market. The aftermarket also offers the potential for higher profit margins and is a larger market. Titan’s strategy to enhance the Company's aftermarket platform focuses on improving the customer experience and product positioning in key sales markets. To support this strategy, the Company has a dedicated salesforce for the tire aftermarket.

•Improve Operating Efficiencies

The Company regularly works to improve the operating efficiency of assets and manufacturing facilities. Titan integrates each facility’s strengths through, among other things, transfer of equipment and business to the facilities that are best equipped to handle the work, which enables Titan to increase utilization and spread operating costs over a greater volume of products. Titan continues to implement a comprehensive program to refurbish, modernize, and enhance the technology of its manufacturing equipment. Titan has also made investments to streamline processes, increase productivity, and lower costs in the selling, general and administrative areas.

•Enhance Design Capabilities and New Product Development

Equipment manufacturers constantly face changing industry dynamics. Titan directs its business and marketing strategy to understand and address the needs of customers and demonstrate the advantages of products. In particular, the Company often collaborates with customers in the design of new and enhanced products and recommends modified products to customers based on the Company's own market information. These value-added services enhance Titan’s relationships with customers. The Company tests new designs and technologies and develops manufacturing methods to improve product quality, performance, and cost.

•Reduction of Non-Core Assets and Other Strategic Considerations

The Company has reduced non-core assets and continues to explore ways to improve underperforming assets in an effort to improve cash flow and working capital and reduce debt. During 2020, the Company sold non-core assets with total cash proceeds of approximately $55 million resulting in cash improvement and company-wide debt reduction.

The Company’s expertise in the manufacture of off-highway wheels, tires, and undercarriage systems and components has permitted it to take advantage of opportunities to acquire businesses that complement this product line. In the future, Titan may consider strategic partnerships, joint ventures or make additional strategic acquisitions of businesses that have an off-highway focus. The Company continually explores worldwide opportunities to expand its manufacturing and distribution capabilities in order to serve new and existing geographies.

HUMAN CAPITAL

The Company’s key human capital management objectives are to attract, retain and develop talent to deliver on the Company’s strategy. To support these objectives, the Company’s human resources programs are designed to: keep people safe and healthy; develop talent to prepare them for critical roles and leadership positions; and facilitate internal talent mobility.

The Company focuses on the following in managing its human capital:

Health and safety: We have a safety program that focuses on implementing management systems, policies and training programs and performing assessments evaluate whether workers are trained properly and help prevent injuries and incidents. Our employees are empowered with stop-work authority which enables them to immediately stop any unsafe or potentially hazardous working condition or behavior they may observe. We utilize a mixture of indicators to assess the safety performance of our operations, including total recordable injury rate, preventable motor vehicle incidents per million miles, corrective actions and near miss frequency. We also recognize outstanding safety behaviors through our annual awards program. Importantly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, our continuing focus on health and safety enabled us to preserve business continuity without sacrificing our commitment to keeping our colleagues safe.

Compensation programs and employee benefits: Our compensation and benefits programs provide a package designed to attract, retain and motivate employees. In addition to competitive base salaries, the Company provides a variety of short-term, long-term and commission-based incentive compensation programs to reward performance relative to key financial, human capital and customer experience metrics. We offer comprehensive benefit options including retirement savings plans, medical insurance, prescription drug benefits, dental insurance, vision insurance, accident and critical illness insurance, life and disability insurance, health savings accounts, flexible spending accounts, legal insurance, auto/home insurance and identity theft insurance. Additionally, we have conducted three company-wide stock grant programs for employees with the most recent grant program took place in 2020.

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Employee experience and retention: To evaluate the success of our employee experience and retention efforts, we monitor a number of employee measures, such as employee retention, internal promotions and referrals. We host town hall meetings that are designed to provide an open and frequent line of communication for all employees and to engage with our full team.

Training and development: The Company is committed to the continued development of its people. We also offer various training and development programs, including an undergraduate tuition assistance program. Our employee evaluation process encourages performance and development check-ins throughout the year to provide for development across the Company.

 COMPETITION

The Company competes with several domestic and international companies, some of which are larger and have greater financial and marketing resources than Titan.  The Company believes it is a primary source of steel wheels and rims to the majority of its North American customers.  Major competitors in the off-highway wheel market include GKN Wheels, Ltd., Trelleborg Group, and Topy Industries, Ltd.  Significant competitors in the off-highway tire market include Alliance Tire Company Ltd., Balkrishna Industries Limited (BKT), Bridgestone/Firestone, Michelin, Mitas a.s., and Pirelli. Significant competitors in the undercarriage market include Berco and Caterpillar.

The Company competes on the basis of price, quality, sales support, customer service, design capability, and delivery time.  The Company's position of manufacturing both the wheel and the tire allows Titan to provide innovative assembly solutions for our customers, creating a competitive advantage in the marketplace. The Company’s ability to compete with international competitors may be adversely affected by various factors, including currency fluctuations and tariffs imposed by domestic and foreign governments.  Titan owns the molds and dies used to produce its wheels and tires. However, certain of the Company’s OEM customers could elect to manufacture their own products to meet their requirements or to otherwise compete with the Company.  The Company may be adversely affected by increased competition in the markets in which it operates, or competitors developing products that are more effective, less expensive, or otherwise rendering certain of Titan’s products less competitive.  From time to time, certain of the Company’s competitors have reduced their prices in particular product categories, which has prompted Titan to reduce prices as well.  There can be no assurance that competitors of the Company will not further reduce prices in the future or that any such reductions would not have a material adverse effect on the Company.

OPERATIONS

Titan’s operations include manufacturing wheels, manufacturing tires, combining these wheels and tires into assemblies, and manufacturing undercarriage systems and components for use in the agricultural, earthmoving/construction, and consumer markets.  These operations entail many manufacturing processes in order to complete the finished products.

•Wheel Manufacturing Process

Most agricultural wheels are produced using a rim and a center disc. A rim is produced by first cutting large steel sheets to required width and length specifications. These steel sections are rolled and welded to form a circular rim, which is flared and formed in the rollform operation. The majority of discs are manufactured using presses that both blank and form the center to specifications in multiple stage operations. The Company e-coats wheels using a multi-step process prior to the final paint top coating.

Large earthmoving/construction steel wheels are manufactured from hot and cold-rolled steel sections. Hot-rolled sections are generally used to increase cross section thickness in high stress areas of large diameter wheels. A special cold forming process for certain wheels is used to increase cross section thickness while reducing the number of wheel components. Rims are built from a series of hoops that are welded together to form a rim base. The complete rim base is made from either three or five separate parts that lock together after the rubber tire has been fitted to the wheel, the parts have been fully assembled, and the assembly inflated.

For most wheels in our consumer segment, the Company manufactures rims and center discs from rolled and flat steel. Rims are rolled and welded, and discs are stamped and formed from the sheets. The manufacturing process then entails welding the rims to the centers and painting the assembled product.

•Tire Manufacturing Process

The first stage in tire production is the mixing of rubber, carbon black, and chemicals to form various rubber compounds. These rubber compounds are then extruded and processed with textile or steel materials to make specific components. These components – beads (wire bundles that anchor the tire with the wheel), plies (layers of fabric that give the tire strength), belts (fabric or steel fabric wrapped under the tread in some tires), tread, and sidewall – are then assembled into an uncured tire carcass. The uncured carcass is placed into a press that molds and vulcanizes the carcass under set time, temperature, and pressure into a finished tire.

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•Wheel and Tire Assemblies

The Company’s position as a manufacturer of both wheels and tires allows Titan to mount and deliver one of the largest selections of off-highway assemblies in North America. Titan offers this value-added service of one-stop solution for wheel and tire assemblies for the agricultural, earthmoving/construction, and consumer segments. Both standard and LSW assemblies are delivered as a single, complete unit based on each customer’s specific requirements.

•Undercarriage Manufacturing Process

The undercarriage components (track groups, track and carrier rollers, idler assemblies, and sprockets) are all manufactured from steel and produced according to ITM specifications or if requested alternatively according to customer specification.

All tractor type track groups (up to 250 ton class) produced by the Company are built from five major parts: shoes, right and left hand links, pins, bushings and bolts and nuts. Shoes are manufactured from different shapes of hot rolled profiles (depending on application), sheared to length, and then heat treated for high wear bending and breaking resistance. Alternatively shoes are obtained from heat treated steel cast in the Company foundry. Right and left hand links are die forged, trimmed, mass heat treated, machined, and finally induction hardened on rail surface for optimal wear and fatigue resistance. Pins are made from round bars that are cut, machined, heat treated, and surface finished. Bushings are generally cold extruded, machined, mass heat treated, and finally carburized or induction hardened or through hardened for wear resistance and optimal toughness. All monobloc type track groups (250ton class up) are high alloyed heavy castings, heat treated, induction hardened and machined to purpose in the Company foundry.

The lifetime lubricated and maintenance-free track and carrier rollers are assembled with three major components: single or double flange roller shells (typically hot forged in halves, deep hardened, friction or arc welded, and finish machined with metallurgical characteristics depending upon size and application), shafts (generally cut from bars or forged, mass heat treated, rough machined, induction hardened, and ground) and casted brackets to fit the rollers onto the machine.

The idler assemblies are also lifetime lubricated, for virtually no maintenance. They are offered with cast (single web or hollow design) or fabricated shells, depending on size and application, and feature induction-hardened tread surfaces for optimal wear resistance.

The sprockets, designed to transfer the machine driving loads from the final drive to the track, are produced cast or forged in several geometric options, depending upon size and application. They are also heat treated for wear resistance and cracking resistance.

The undercarriage systems, custom designed and produced by the Company, consist of a structured steel fabricated frame, all the undercarriage components mentioned above (track groups, track and carrier rollers, idler assemblies, and sprockets) and a final drive. They are completely assembled in house, for consistent quality.

•Quality Control

The Company is ISO certified at all four main domestic manufacturing facilities located in Bryan, Ohio; Des Moines, Iowa; Freeport, Illinois; and Quincy, Illinois, as well as the majority of the foreign manufacturing facilities.  The ISO series is a set of related and internationally recognized standards of management and quality assurance.  The standards specify guidelines for establishing, documenting, and maintaining a system to ensure quality.  The ISO certifications are a testament to Titan’s dedication to providing quality products for its customers.

•International Operations

The Company operates manufacturing facilities in Latin America, Europe and Russia. The Latin American, European and Russian operations accounted for 17%, 21%, and 6% of the Company's net sales, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 18%, 22% and 6% of net sales, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2019.

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RAW MATERIALS

Steel, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, carbon black, bead wire, and fabric are the primary raw materials used by the Company.  To help ensure a consistent steel supply, Titan purchases raw steel from various steel mills and maintains relationships with steel processors for steel preparation.  The Company is not dependent on any single producer for its steel supply; however, some components do have limited suppliers.  Rubber and other raw materials for tire manufacture represent some of the Company’s largest commodity expenses.  Titan has developed a procurement strategy and practice designed to mitigate price risk and lower cost. Titan buys rubber in markets where there are usually several sources of supply.  In addition to the development of key domestic suppliers, the Company’s strategic procurement plan includes international steel and rubber suppliers to assure competitive price and quality in the global marketplace.  As is customary in the industry, the Company does not have long-term contracts for the purchase of steel or rubber and, therefore, purchases are subject to price fluctuations.

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND ENGINEERING

The Company’s research, development, and engineering staff tests original designs and technologies and develops new manufacturing methods to improve product performance.  Titan’s engineering and manufacturing resources are focused on designing quality products that address the needs of our customers and end-users across the markets that Titan serves.  Titan’s team of experienced engineers continuously work on new and improved engineered solutions that evolve with today’s applications for the off-highway wheel, tire, and assembly markets. Titan's advantage as both a wheel and tire manufacturer allows the Company to design, test, and bring to market innovative solutions to meet the specific needs of its customers. For example, Titan has developed the LSW technology, featuring a larger rim diameter and a smaller sidewall than standard tires, which helps reduce power hop, road lope, soil compaction, and provides improved safety and performance. Research and development (R&D) expenses are expensed as incurred.  R&D costs were $9.0 million, $9.9 million, and $11.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

CUSTOMERS

Titan’s 10 largest customers accounted for 35% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2020, and 38% for the year ended December 31, 2019.  Net sales to Deere & Company in Titan's agricultural, earthmoving/construction, and consumer segments combined represented 11% of the Company's consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020. No other customer accounted for 10% or more of Titan's net sales in 2020.  Management believes the Company is not dependent on any single customer; however, certain products are dependent on a few customers.  While the loss of any substantial customer could impact Titan’s business, the Company believes that its diverse product mix and customer base should minimize a longer-term impact caused by any such loss.

ORDER BACKLOG

The Company's backlog of orders is not considered material to, or a significant factor in, evaluating and understanding any of the Company's business segments or Titan's businesses considered as a whole.

MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION

The Company employs an internal sales force and utilizes several manufacturing representative firms for sales in North America, Europe, Latin America, the CIS region, and other worldwide locations.  Sales representatives are primarily organized within geographic regions.

Titan distributes wheels, tires, assemblies, and undercarriage systems directly to OEMs. The distribution of aftermarket tires occurs primarily through a network of independent and OEM-affiliated dealers.

SEASONALITY

Agricultural equipment sales are seasonal by nature.  Farmers generally order equipment to be delivered before the growing season.  Shipments to OEMs in the agricultural industry in the U.S. and Europe usually peak during the Company’s first and second quarters for the spring planting period, while shipments in Latin America usually peak during the Company's second and third quarters for the fall planting period.  Earthmoving/construction and consumer segments have historically experienced higher demand in the first and second quarters.  These segments are affected by mining, building, economic conditions and various global commodity prices.

EMPLOYEES

At December 31, 2020, the Company employed approximately 6,800 people worldwide, including approximately 4,500 located outside the United States.

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At December 31, 2020, the employees at each of the Company's Bryan, Ohio; Freeport, Illinois; and Des Moines, Iowa facilities, which collectively account for approximately 45% of the Company’s U.S. employees, were covered by collective bargaining agreements which are scheduled to expire in November 2021.

Outside the United States, the Company enters into employment agreements in those countries in which such relationships are mandatory or customary. The provisions of these agreements generally correspond in each case with the required or customary terms in the subject jurisdiction.

PATENTS, TRADEMARKS, AND ROYALTIES

The Company owns various patents and trademarks and continues to apply for patent protection for new products.  Due to the difficult nature of predicting the interpretation of patent laws, the Company cannot anticipate or predict any material adverse effect on its operations, cash flows, or financial condition to the extent the Company is unable to protect its patents or should the Company be found to be infringing others' patents.

The Company has trademark license agreements with The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company to manufacture and sell certain farm tires under the Goodyear name. These agreements cover sales in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Russia, and other Commonwealth of Independent States countries. Each of these agreements is scheduled to expire in 2025. The Company also has a trademark license agreement with Goodyear to manufacture and sell certain non-farm tire products in Latin America under the Goodyear name.

ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS

The Company's policy is to conduct its global operations in accordance with all applicable laws, regulations and other requirements. In the ordinary course of business, similar to other industrial manufacturing companies, Titan is subject to extensive and evolving federal, state, local, and international environmental laws and regulations. From time to time, the Company has, and may in the future, incurred costs and additional charges associated with environmental compliance and cleanup projects, including remediation activities. As appropriate, the Company makes provisions for the estimated financial impact of potential environmental cleanup activities.  The Company’s policy is to accrue environmental cleanup-related costs of a non-capital nature when those costs are believed to be probable and can be reasonably estimated.  Expenditures that extend the life of the related property, or mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination, are capitalized. The Company does not currently anticipate any material capital expenditures for environmental control facilities.  The quantification of environmental exposures requires an assessment of many factors, including changing laws and regulations, advances in environmental technologies, the quality of information available related to specific sites, the assessment stage of the site investigation, preliminary findings, and the length of time involved in remediation or settlement.  Due to the difficult nature of predicting future environmental costs, the Company may not be able to anticipate or predict with certainty the potential material adverse effect on its operations, cash flows, or financial condition as a result of efforts to comply with, or any future liability under, environmental laws, regulations or other requirements.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

The Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports are made available, without charge, through the Company’s website located at www.titan-intl.com under "Investor Relations" as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).  You can also obtain copies of these materials by accessing the SEC’s website at www.SEC.gov.  The following documents are also posted on the Company’s website:

•Corporate Governance Policy

•Code of Business Conduct

•Audit Committee Charter

•Compensation Committee Charter

•Nominating Committee Charter

•Corporate Governance Committee Charter

Printed copies of these documents are available, without charge, by writing to:  Titan International, Inc.,

c/o Corporate Secretary, 2701 Spruce Street, Quincy, IL 62301.

The information on, or that may be accessed through, the aforementioned websites is not incorporated into this filing and should not be considered a part of this filing.

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ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS

The Company is subject to various risks and uncertainties that it believes are significant to our business. These risks relate to or arise out of the nature of the Company's business and overall business, economic, financial, legal, and other factors or conditions that may affect the Company. In addition to risks discussed elsewhere in this report, the following are factors that could, individually or in the aggregate, materially adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations and cause the Company's actual results to differ from past results and/or those anticipated, estimated or projected. In addition, other risks not presently known to the Company or that the Company currently believes to be immaterial may also adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations, perhaps materially. It is impossible to predict or identify all such risks and uncertainties and, as a result, you should not consider the following factors to be a complete discussion of all risks or uncertainties that may impact the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

Supplier and Raw Material Price Exposure

•The Company is exposed to price fluctuations of key commodities.

The Company uses various raw materials, most significantly steel, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, carbon black, bead wire, and fabric in manufacturing its products across all of its market segments. The Company does not generally enter into long-term commodity contracts and does not use derivative commodity instruments to hedge exposures to commodity market price fluctuations.  Therefore, the Company is exposed to price fluctuations of key commodities.   In addition, our business is susceptible to increases in other costs such as energy and natural gas prices to run our operating facilities as a result of factors beyond our control, including unfavorable weather conditions. Although the Company attempts to pass on certain material price and other cost increases to its customers, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to do so in the future.  Any increase in the price of steel and rubber that is not passed on to customers could result in declining margins and have a material adverse effect on Titan’s financial condition and results of operations.

•Demand for global logistical services, including container shortages, can negatively impact the cost of delivery to the end customer and unexpected delays in meeting delivery requirements to the end customer.

The Company uses various logistical providers and transportation methods including containers to transport its products to the end customers. The overall demand for containers depends largely on the rate of world trade and economic growth. During the first quarter of 2021, the global economy has experienced a surge in demand worldwide for logistical services which has resulted in a global shortage of shipping containers, congested seaports and capacity constraints on vessels, among other challenges. The Company is exposed to significant price fluctuations on global shipping costs as well as uncertainty in terms of shipping delays as a result of the container demand and shortages. While the Company does attempt to pass on certain shipping and delivery related charges to its customer, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to do so into the future which could result in declining margins and have a material adverse effect on Titan's financial condition and results of operations.

•The Company relies on a limited number of suppliers.

The Company currently relies on a limited number of suppliers for certain key commodities, which consist primarily of steel and rubber, in the manufacturing of Titan products.  If the Company’s suppliers are unable to provide raw materials to Titan in a timely manner, or are unable to meet our quality, quantity or cost requirements, the Company may not in all cases be able to promptly obtain substitute sources. Any extended delay in receiving critical materials could impair Titan’s ability to deliver products to its customers. The loss of key suppliers, the inability to establish relationships with replacement suppliers, or the inability of Titan's suppliers to meet price, quality, quantity, and delivery requirements could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations.

•The Company has international operations and purchases raw material from foreign suppliers

The Company had total aggregate net sales outside the United States of approximately $675.9 million, $776.1 million, and $890.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Net sales outside the United States have become a significant proportion of total net sales, accounting for 54% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2020, and 54% and 56% for each of the years ended December 31, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Net sales from these international operations are expected to continue to represent a similar portion of total net sales for the foreseeable future.

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International Operations and Sales – International operations and sales are subject to a number of risks and restrictions, that are not generally applicable to Titan’s North American operations including, but not limited to, risks with respect to currency exchange rates, economic and political destabilization, other disruption of foreign markets, restrictive actions by foreign governments (such as restrictions on transfer of funds, export duties, and quotas and foreign customs) and local epidemics or pandemics such as the new coronavirus that originated in China.  Other risks include changes in foreign laws regarding trade and investment; difficulties in establishing and maintaining relationships with respect to product distribution and support; nationalization; reforms of United States laws and policies affecting trade, restrictions on foreign investment, and restrictions on loans to foreign entities; and changes in foreign tax and other laws.  There may also be restrictions on the Company's ability to repatriate earnings and investments from international operations. There can be no assurance that one or a combination of these factors will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to increase or maintain its international sales and results of operations.

Foreign Suppliers – The Company purchases raw materials from foreign suppliers.  The production costs, profit margins, and competitive position of the Company are affected by the strength of the currencies in countries where Titan purchases goods, relative to the strength of the currencies in countries where the products are sold.  The Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and financial position may be affected by fluctuations in foreign currencies.

Industry and Customer Base

•The Company operates in cyclical industries and is subject to changes in the economy.

The Company's sales are substantially dependent on three major industries: agricultural equipment, earthmoving/construction equipment, and consumer products.  The business activity levels in these industries are subject to specific industry and general economic cycles.  Any downturn in these industries or the general economy could drive decreases in demand for Titan’s products and have a material adverse effect on Titan’s business.

The agricultural equipment industry is affected by crop prices, farm income and farmland values, weather, export markets, and government policies. The earthmoving/construction industry is affected by the levels of government and private construction spending and replacement demand. The mining industry, which is within the earthmoving/construction industry, is affected by raw material commodity prices. The consumer products industry is affected by consumer disposable income, weather, competitive pricing, energy prices, and consumer attitudes. In addition, the performance of these industries is sensitive to interest rate and foreign exchange rate changes and varies with the overall level of economic activity. The cyclical and volatile nature of the industries on which our sales are substantially dependent results in significant fluctuations in profits and cash flow from period to period and over the business cycle.

•The Company’s revenues are seasonal in nature due to Titan’s dependence on seasonal industries.

The agricultural, earthmoving/construction, and consumer markets are seasonal, with typically lower sales during the second half of the year. This seasonality in demand has resulted in fluctuations in the Company’s revenues and operating results between the first half and the second half of the year.  Because much of Titan’s overhead expenses are fixed, seasonal trends can cause volatility in profit margins and Titan's financial condition, especially during slower periods. 

•The Company’s customer base is relatively concentrated.

The Company’s ten largest customers, which are primarily original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), accounted for 35% of Titan’s net sales for 2020. Net sales to Deere & Company represented 11% of total 2020 sales. No other customer accounted for 10% or more of Titan's net sales in 2020. Titan’s business could be adversely affected if one of its larger customers reduces, or otherwise eliminates in full, its purchases from Titan due to work stoppages or slow-downs, financial difficulties, as a result of termination provisions, competitive pricing, or other reasons.  There is also continuing pressure from OEMs to reduce costs, including the cost of products and services purchased from outside suppliers such as Titan, and in that regard OEMs may develop in-house tire and wheel capabilities.  There can be no assurance that Titan will be able to maintain its long-term relationships with its major customers which could have an adverse effect on the Company's results of operations.

•The Company faces substantial competition from domestic and international companies.

The Company competes with several domestic and international competitors, some of which are larger and have greater financial and marketing resources than Titan.  Titan competes on the basis of price, quality, sales support, customer service, design capability, and delivery time.  The Company’s ability to compete with international competitors may be adversely affected various factors including, currency fluctuations and tariffs imposed by domestic and foreign governments.  In addition, certain OEM customers could elect to manufacture certain products to meet

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their own requirements or to otherwise compete with Titan. The success of the Company's business depends in large part on its ability to provide comprehensive wheel and tire assemblies to its customers. The development or enhancement by Titan's competitors of similar capabilities could adversely affect its business.

There can be no assurance that Titan’s businesses will not be adversely affected by increased competition in the Company’s markets, or that competitors will not develop products that are more effective or less expensive than Titan products or which could render certain products less competitive.  From time to time certain competitors have reduced prices in particular product categories, which has caused Titan to reduce prices. There can be no assurance that in the future Titan’s competitors will not further reduce prices or that any such reductions would not have a material adverse effect on Titan’s business.

•The Company could be negatively impacted if Titan fails to maintain satisfactory labor relations.

Titan is party to collective bargaining agreements covering a portion of the Company's workforce. If Titan is unable to maintain satisfactory labor relations with its employees covered by collective bargaining agreements, these employees could engage in strikes, or the Company may otherwise experience work slowdowns or be subject to other labor actions. Any such actions, and any other labor disputes with the Company’s employees domestically or internationally, could materially disrupt its operations. Future collective bargaining agreements may impose significant additional costs on Titan, which could adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations.

Liquidity

•The Company’s revolving credit facility and other debt obligations contain covenants that could limit the Company's financial and operational flexibility.

The Company’s revolving credit facility, the indenture relating to the Company’s 6.50% senior secured notes due 2023 and other debt obligations contain covenants and restrictions that may impact the Company’s business. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources - Debt Restrictions” below for a further discussion of these covenants and restrictions. A breach of one or more of the covenants could result in adverse consequences that could negatively impact the Company's business, results of operations and financial condition. These consequences could limit Titan’s ability to respond to market conditions, to provide for unanticipated capital investments, to raise additional debt or equity capital, to pay dividends, or to take advantage of business opportunities, including future acquisitions.  Titan’s ability to comply with the covenants may be affected by events beyond its control, including prevailing economic, financial, and industry conditions.

International

•The Company may be affected by unfair trade.

Titan faces intense competition from producers both in the United States and around the world, some of which may engage in unfair trade practices.  For example, in early January 2016, Titan, along with the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Worker International Union, AFL-CIO, CLC of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, filed petitions with the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) and the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) alleging that imported off-the-road tires from India and Sri Lanka and wheel and tire assemblies from China were being dumped and/or subsidized and were a cause of material injury to the domestic industry. Unfair trade may have a material adverse effect on Titan's business.

•The Company may be adversely affected by changes in government regulations and policies.

Domestic and foreign political developments and government regulations and policies directly affect the agricultural, earthmoving/construction, and consumer products industries in the United States and abroad. Regulations and policies in the agricultural industry such as those concerning greenhouse gas emissions in the United States and ongoing U.S. budget issues could negatively impact the Company's business. The earthmoving/construction industry is affected by changes in construction activity, housing starts, and other regulations related to the mining and the construction of roads, bridges, and infrastructure. The modification or adoption of existing laws, regulations, or policies could have an adverse effect on any one or more of these industries and, therefore, on Titan’s business.

Additionally, the United Kingdom (UK) officially withdrew from the EU (Brexit) on December 31, 2020. There is uncertainty as to the scope, nature and terms of the relationship between the UK and the EU after the Brexit Transition Period. This uncertainty could adversely impact customer or investor confidence, result in additional market volatility, legal uncertainty and divergent national laws and regulations.

Legal and Compliance

•Unfavorable outcomes of legal proceedings could adversely affect Titan's results of operations.

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The Company is a party to routine legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business.  Due to the difficult nature of predicting unresolved and future legal claims, the Company cannot anticipate or predict any material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows as a result of efforts to comply with, or its liabilities pertaining to, legal judgments. Any adverse outcome in any litigation involving Titan or any of its subsidiaries could negatively affect the Company's business, reputation, and financial condition.

•The Company is subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations.

The Company has international operations and must comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). These anti-bribery laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments or providing anything of value for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The FCPA prohibits these payments regardless of local customs and practices. Safeguards that Titan may implement to discourage these practices could prove to be ineffective, and violations of these laws may result in criminal or civil sanctions or other liabilities or proceedings against Titan and could adversely affect the Company's business and reputation.

•The Company may be subject to product liability and warranty claims.

The Company warrants its products to be free of certain defects and, accordingly, may be subject, in the ordinary course of business, to product liability or product warranty claims.  Losses may result or be alleged to result from defects in Titan products, which could subject the Company to claims for damages, including consequential damages.  There can be no assurance that the Company's insurance coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that adequate insurance will be available on terms acceptable to the Company. Any claims relating to defective products that result in liability exceeding Titan’s insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on Titan's financial condition and results of operations. Further, claims of defects could result in negative publicity against Titan, which could adversely affect the Company’s business and reputation.

•The Company is subject to risks associated with climate change regulations.

Governmental regulatory bodies in the United States and other countries have adopted, or are contemplating introducing regulatory changes in response to the potential impacts of climate change.  Laws and regulations regarding climate change and energy usage may impact the Company directly through higher costs for energy and raw materials.  The Company’s customers may also be affected by climate change regulations that may impact future purchases of the Company's products.  Physical climate change may potentially have a large impact on the Company’s two largest industry segments, agriculture and earthmoving/construction.  The potential impacts of climate change and climate change regulations are highly uncertain at this time, and the Company cannot anticipate or predict any material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows as a result of climate change and climate change regulations.

•The Company is subject to risks associated with environmental laws and regulations.

The Company’s operations are subject to federal, state, local, and foreign laws and regulations governing, among other things, emissions to air, discharge to waters, and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of waste and other materials.  The Company’s operations entail risks in these areas, and there can be no assurance that Titan will not incur material costs or liabilities, including in connection with complying with the laws and regulations and any required remediation.  In addition, potentially significant expenditures could be required in order to comply with evolving environmental and health and safety laws, regulations, or requirements that may be adopted or imposed in the future. Titan’s customers may also be affected by environmental laws and regulations that may impact future purchases of the Company's products. 

•The Company is subject to corporate governance requirements, and costs related to compliance with, or failure to comply with, existing and future requirements could adversely affect Titan’s business.

The Company is subject to corporate governance requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). These laws, rules, and regulations continue to evolve and may become increasingly restrictive in the future. Failure to comply with these laws, rules, and regulations may have a material adverse effect on Titan’s reputation, financial condition, and the value of the Company’s securities.

•The Company is subject to risks associated with maintaining adequate disclosure controls and internal controls over financial reporting.

Failure to maintain adequate financial and management processes and controls could affect the accuracy and timing of the Company's financial reporting. Testing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and disclosures involves significant costs and could divert management's attention from other matters that are important to

14

Titan's business. If the Company does not maintain adequate financial and management personnel, processes, and controls, it may not be able to accurately report its financial performance on a timely basis, the Company may be otherwise unable to comply with the periodic reporting requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the listing of the Company’s common stock on the NYSE could be suspended or terminated, each of which could have a material adverse effect on the confidence in the Company's financial reporting, its credibility in the marketplace, and the trading price of Titan's common stock.

Information Technology and Data Protection

•The Company may be adversely affected by a disruption in, or failure of, information technology systems.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company relies upon information technology systems, some of which are managed by third parties, to process, transmit, and store electronic information. Technology systems are used in a variety of business processes and activities, including purchasing, manufacturing, distribution, invoicing, and financial reporting. The Company utilizes security measures and business continuity plans to prevent, detect, and remediate damage from computer viruses, natural disasters, unauthorized access (whether through cybersecurity attacks or otherwise), utility failures, and other similar disruptions. Despite Titan's security measures and safeguards, a security breach or information technology system interruption or failure may disrupt and affect the Company's business, resulting in customer dissatisfaction, potential legal claims and adversely affect Titan’s results of operations and financial conditions. There can be no assurance that any such security measures or plans will be sufficient to mitigate all potential risks to Titan's systems, networks, and information. Further a significant theft, loss, or fraudulent use of customer or employee information could adversely impact the Company's reputation and could result in unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information, significant costs, fines, and litigation, including with respect to enhanced cybersecurity protection and remediation costs. The Company is currently undergoing upgrades and improvements to its core enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems which are ‘cloud based’. Despite adequate security measures, these systems are vulnerable to disruption of service and security breaches as mentioned above. Further, investment in the ‘cloud based’ systems may have an adverse impact on short-term results of operations and financial condition.

•The Company is subject to governmental laws, regulations and other legal obligations related to privacy and data protection.

The legislative and regulatory framework for privacy and data protection issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Titan collects personally identifiable information (PII) and other data as integral parts of its business processes and activities. This data is subject to a variety of U.S. and international laws and regulations, including oversight by various regulatory or other governmental bodies. Many foreign countries and governmental bodies, including the European Union, Canada, and other relevant jurisdictions where we conduct business, have laws and regulations concerning the collection and use of PII and other data obtained from their residents or by businesses operating within their jurisdiction that are more restrictive than those in the U.S. Additionally, in 2016, the European Union adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that imposes more stringent data protection requirements and provides for greater penalties for noncompliance. Any inability, or perceived inability, to adequately address privacy and data protection concerns, even if unfounded, or comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies, industry standards, contractual obligations, or other legal obligations could result in additional cost and liability to the Company or Company officials, damage our reputation, inhibit sales, and otherwise adversely affect our business.

General

•The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted, and will likely continue to adversely affect, the Company's business, operating results and financial condition.

COVID-19 has spread to the majority of the countries in which we operate. This has significantly impacted our workforce and our operations, including as a result of government mandates in certain countries to work from home to minimize the spread of the virus. The Company’s operations were significantly curtailed in March 2020 and the second quarter of 2020 and may continue to be curtailed until the widespread outbreak is contained. COVID-19 has had a significant impact on our ability to conduct business and has affected the Company's operational and financial performance. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience unpredictable disruption in the demand for our products in our end-markets.

If the pandemic continues and conditions worsen, we may experience additional adverse impacts on our operational and commercial activities, costs, customer orders, and collections of accounts receivable, which may be material, and the extent and nature of these adverse impacts on our future operational and commercial activities, costs, customer orders and our collections remains uncertain even if conditions begin to improve. Furthermore, the pandemic has

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impacted and may further impact the broader economies of affected countries, including negatively impacting economic growth, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. Due to the continued uncertainty of the pandemic and the range of governmental and community reactions thereto, there is uncertainty around its duration, ultimate impact and the timing of recovery. Therefore, the pandemic could lead to an extended disruption of economic activity and could materially impact our business, our consolidated results of operations, financial position, cash flows and/or market capitalization, and result in asset impairment charges, including long-lived assets.

•The Company is subject to foreign currency translation risk.

The Company operates in many worldwide locations and transacts business in many foreign currencies. Titan's financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars with financial statements of international subsidiaries being initially recorded in foreign currencies and translated into U.S. dollars. Large fluctuations in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other global currencies may have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, and liquidity.  

•The Company may incur additional tax expense or tax exposure.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions, and has domestic and international tax liabilities which are dependent upon the distribution of income among these different jurisdictions. Titan's income tax provision and cash tax liability in the future could be adversely affected by numerous factors, including income before taxes being lower than anticipated in countries with lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated in countries with higher statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and changes in tax laws and regulations. 

•The Company is subject to risks related to uncertainties in global and regional economic conditions.

Our results of operations are materially affected by economic conditions globally, regionally and in the particular industries we serve. The demand for our products tends to be cyclical and can be significantly reduced in periods of economic weakness characterized by lower levels of government and business investment, lower levels of business confidence, lower corporate earnings, high real interest rates, lower credit activity or tighter credit conditions, higher unemployment and lower consumer spending. Economic conditions vary across regions and countries, and demand for our products generally increases in those regions and countries experiencing economic growth and investment. Slower economic growth or a change in the global mix of regions and countries experiencing economic growth and investment could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

•The Company is not insured against all potential losses and could be harmed by natural disasters, catastrophes, or sabotage.

The Company's business activities involve substantial investments in manufacturing facilities and products are produced at a limited number of locations. These facilities could be materially damaged, including as a result of natural disasters, such as fires, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes, or by sabotage. The Company could incur uninsured losses and liabilities arising from such events, as well as damage to its reputation, and/or suffer material losses in operational capacity and efficiency, which could have a material adverse impact on Titan's business, financial condition, and results of operations.

•Acquisitions/divestitures may require significant resources and/or result in significant losses, costs, or liabilities.

Any future acquisitions or divestitures will depend on the Company’s ability to identify suitable opportunities, to negotiate acceptable terms, and to finance acquisitions. Titan will also face competition for suitable acquisition candidates, which may increase costs. In addition, acquisitions and divestitures require significant managerial attention, which may be diverted from current operations. Furthermore, acquisitions and divestitures of businesses or facilities entail a number of additional risks and challenges including: integrating acquisitions with existing operations; and separating operations in connection with dispositions; applying internal controls and processes throughout the acquired business; potential disruption of the Company's ongoing business; inability to maintain key customer, supplier, and employee relationships; potential that transactions do not produce satisfactory returns on a timely basis or at all; and exposure to unanticipated liabilities.

International acquisitions or divestitures may be more complex and time consuming. Also, international acquisitions and divestitures may include a number of additional risks, including the integration of acquisitions or separation of divestitures in compliance with foreign laws and regulations and business and accounting systems.

Subject to the terms of its existing indebtedness, the Company may finance future acquisitions with cash from operations, additional indebtedness, and/or by issuing additional equity securities.  These commitments may impair the operation of Titan’s businesses.  In addition, the Company could face financial risks associated with incurring

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additional indebtedness, such as reducing liquidity and access to financing markets and increasing the amount of cash flow required to service such indebtedness.

ITEM 1B – UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2 – PROPERTIES

The Company’s properties with total square footage above one million, all of which are owned by the Company,

are detailed by the location, size, and focus of each facility as provided in the table below (amounts in thousands):

	Approximate square footage
Location	Owned	Use	Segment
Volzhsky, Russia	2,153	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Union City, Tennessee	2,149	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Des Moines, Iowa	1,930	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Sao Paulo, Brazil	1,282	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Quincy, Illinois	1,205	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Freeport, Illinois	1,202	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments

The Company’s total properties by continent are detailed by the location, size, and focus as provided in the table below (amounts in thousands):

	Approximate square footage
Location	Owned	Leased	Use	Segment
North America	7,552	657	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Europe	3,967	19	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
South America	2,929	118	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Australia		1,351	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Asia	646	281	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments

The Company considers each of its facilities to be in good condition and adequate for present use.  Management believes that the Company has sufficient capacity to meet current market demand with the active facilities.   

ITEM 3 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is subject, from time to time, to certain legal proceedings and claims arising out of the normal course of its business, which cover a wide range of matters, including environmental issues, product liability, contracts, and labor and employment matters. See Note 25 to the Company's consolidated financial statements in Part IV, Item 15 of this Form 10-K for further discussion.

ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

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PART II

ITEM 5 – MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol TWI.  As of February 26, 2021, there were approximately 350 holders of record of Titan common stock.  

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON GRAPH

The performance graph below compares cumulative total return on the Company’s common stock over the past five years against the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poor’s 600 Agricultural & Farm Machinery Index, and against the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index.  The graph depicts the value on December 31, 2020, of a $100 investment made on December 31, 2015, in Company common stock and each of the other two indices, with all dividends reinvested.  The stock price performance reflected below is based on historical results and is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

The performance graph is not deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) or otherwise subject to the liabilities under that Section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Titan under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act.

	Fiscal Year Ended December 31,
	2015		2016		2017		2018		2019		2020
Titan International, Inc.	$	100.00	$	286.78	$	331.80	$	120.96	$	94.93	$	131.67
S&P 500 Index	100.00		109.54		130.81		122.65		158.07		182.59
S&P 600 Agricultural & Farm Machinery Index	100.00		135.36		133.79		126.88		101.89		136.46

ITEM 7 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (MD&A) is designed to provide a reader of the financial statements included in this annual report with a narrative from the perspective of the management of Titan International, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, Titan, or the Company) on Titan’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and other factors which may affect the Company’s future results. You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." The following discussion includes forward-looking statements about our business, financial condition,

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and results of operations, including discussions about management’s expectations for our business. These statements represent projections, beliefs, and expectations based on current circumstances and conditions and in light of recent events and trends, and you should not construe these statements either as assurances of performance or as promises of a given course of action. Instead, various known and unknown factors are likely to cause our actual performance and management’s actions to vary, and the results of these variances may be both material and adverse. See “Forward-Looking Statements” and "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in Part 1 of this Form 10-K.

COVID-19 Pandemic

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus ("COVID-19") was reported in Wuhan, China. During March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. The emergence of COVID-19 and its global spread presents significant risks to the Company, some of which the Company is unable to fully evaluate or even foresee. The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the Company’s financial results and business operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 and economic and health conditions in the United States and across most of the globe have continued to change since then. In some of the countries where the Company has operations and where COVID-19 has been widespread (such as the Company’s European and Latin America locations), the Company’s operations were significantly curtailed during March through May 2020. The Company’s operations resumed with additional sanitary and other protective health measures, which increased operating costs throughout the year. We expect these additional measures to continue into the foreseeable future and we seek to ensure the safety and welfare of Titan’s employees. The Company's operations did not return to historical levels until later in the second half of 2020.

Due to the above circumstances and as described generally in this Form 10-K, the Company’s results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in the future. Management cannot predict the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic conditions generally, on the Company’s customers and, ultimately, on the Company. The nature, extent and duration of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company are highly uncertain and will depend on future developments, and such effects could exist for an extended period of time even after the pandemic might end.

BUSINESS

For a description of the Company’s business and segments see Part 1, Item 1 of this Form 10-K.

MARKET CONDITIONS AND OUTLOOK

AGRICULTURAL MARKET OUTLOOK

Agriculture-related commodity prices began to improve in 2020, particularly during the fourth quarter. Market conditions across the globe are expected to improve in 2021. Improved farmer income, an aging large equipment fleet and lower equipment inventory levels are all factors which are anticipated to support improved demand for our products. Many of our customers are forecasting growth, providing further optimism of sustained stability in the market. North America and Latin America are currently expected to experience the largest growth in 2021. Many more variables, including weather, volatility in the price of commodities, grain prices, export markets, foreign currency exchange rates, government policies, subsidies, and the demand for used equipment can greatly affect the Company's performance in the agricultural market in a given period.

EARTHMOVING/CONSTRUCTION MARKET OUTLOOK

The earthmoving/construction market experienced declines in 2020 due in large part to global economic uncertainty and the impacts of COVID-19. The construction market is primarily driven by GDP by country and the need for infrastructure developments. Demand for larger construction equipment used for highways and infrastructure began to tighten in 2019 and continued throughout 2020. Mining industry equipment demand also began to soften within certain regions in the second half of 2019 and continued throughout 2020. The market outlook for 2021 is expected to improve modestly over 2020 sales volumes achieved, but remains relatively uncertain and will depend on the pace of improvement to global economic conditions including the return to normalized supply and demand levels in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mining is primarily driven by both the demand for and pricing of commodities. Demand for Titan's products in the mining industry is expected to improve modestly compared to 2020 for the full year, as customers have been cautious in spending on capital and replacement parts due to the COVID-19 pandemic and concerns regarding near-term global economic stability. The earthmoving/construction segment is affected by many variables, including commodity prices, road construction, infrastructure, government appropriations, housing starts, and other macroeconomic drivers, in addition to the impact of COVID-19.

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CONSUMER MARKET OUTLOOK

The consumer market consists of several distinct product lines within different regions. These products include light truck tires, turf equipment, specialty products, and train brakes. Overall, the Company expects the markets to stabilize through 2021 due to pent up demand from historically lower sales volume achieved during 2020. The consumer segment is affected by many variables including consumer spending, interest rates, government policies, and other macroeconomic drivers.

SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth the Company’s statement of operations expressed as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated.  This table and subsequent discussions should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual report.

	As a Percentage of Net Sales Year ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Net sales	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of sales	89.7		91.1
Asset impairment	1.2		—
Gross profit	9.1		8.9
Selling, general and administrative expenses	10.4		9.5
Research and development	0.7		0.7
Royalty expense	0.8		0.7
(Loss) income from operations	(2.8)		(2.0)
Interest expense	(2.4)		(2.2)
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	(0.9)		0.3
Other income	1.5		0.6
(Loss) income before income taxes	(4.6)		(3.3)
Income tax provision	0.6		0.2
Net (loss) income	(5.2)	%	(3.5)	%
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(0.4)		(0.2)
Net (loss) income attributable to Titan	(4.8)	%	(3.3)	%

In addition, the following table sets forth components of the Company’s net sales classified by segment:

(amounts in thousands)	2020		2019		2018
Agricultural	$	634,652	$	652,558	$	694,268
Earthmoving/construction	510,150		648,753		741,733
Consumer	114,511		147,355		166,407
Total	$	1,259,313	$	1,448,666	$	1,602,408

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FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020, COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Highlights for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to 2019 (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019		% Increase (Decrease)
Net sales	$	1,259,313	$	1,448,666	(13.1)	%
Cost of sales	1,130,194		1,319,662		(14.4)	%
Asset impairment	14,800		—		n/a
Gross profit	114,319		129,004		(11.4)	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	130,942		137,697		(4.9)	%
Research and development expenses	9,013		9,859		(8.6)	%
Royalty expense	9,715		9,880		(1.7)	%
(Loss) income from operations	$	(35,351)	$	(28,432)	(24.3)	%

Net Sales

Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $1.26 billion, compared to $1.45 billion for the year ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of 13.1%, driven by sales decreases in all segments. This decrease reflects the challenges in the earthmoving/construction market as a result of a slowdown of the global construction market, particularly in Europe. Approximately $57 million in reduced sales, compared to the same period of 2019, was attributable to disrupted markets in Europe, Latin America and Asia resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily in the second and third quarters of 2020. Overall, net sales volume was down 8.1% and unfavorable currency translation further decreased net sales by 5.0%.

Cost of Sales, Asset Impairment and Gross Profit

Cost of sales was $1.13 billion for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $1.32 billion for 2019. Gross profit for 2020 was $114.3 million, or 9.1% of net sales, compared to $129.0 million, or 8.9% of net sales, for 2019. The decrease in gross profit was driven by lower sales volume and an approximately $15 million unfavorable gross profit impact from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gross profit was negatively impacted by an asset impairment charge of $13.8 million related to certain machinery and equipment located at Titan Tire Reclamation Corporation (TTRC) in Canada as a result of market declines, which indicated the remaining book value of the equipment was more than the fair market value. In addition, there were restructuring charges recorded during 2020 totaling $1.7 million relating to a plant closure in the United States, along with redundancy payments as part of a program to reduce production costs in Italy. Excluding the impact of the impairment and restructuring charges, the gross profit margin improved from 2019, based on several factors, most notably lower raw material costs from tailwinds in the commodity markets throughout the year, primarily caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, management had a strong focus on reducing variable overhead costs in production facilities to combat the effects of lower sales volume.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020, were $130.9 million, or 10.4% of net sales, down 4.9%, compared to $137.7 million, or 9.5% of net sales, for 2019.  The decrease in SG&A was primarily due to lower professional fees related to investments in information technology related to ongoing stabilization of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) software implementation within North America during 2019, lower payroll, marketing and travel related expenses resulting from company-wide initiatives to lower costs, as well as, $2.7 million in costs related to the Company's proposed ITM undercarriage public listing in 2019. These reductions were partially offset by a $5.0 million contingent legal accrual related to the settlement of the Dico case and an impairment charge of $6.0 million related to certain customer relationships in Australia as a result of attrition of several customers since the business was initially acquired in 2012.

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Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (R&D) expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020, were $9.0 million, or 0.7% of net sales, compared to $9.9 million, or 0.7% of net sales, for 2019. R&D spending reflects initiatives to improve product designs and an ongoing focus on quality. The decrease in R&D expenses was primarily attributable to lower payroll related costs and other professional fees, as a result of management initiatives to decrease costs to manage through the downturn in sales and the COVID-19 pandemic, while maintaining a balance to continue to drive product innovation.

Royalty Expense

The Company has trademark license agreements with The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company to manufacture and sell certain farm tires under the Goodyear name. These agreements cover sales in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Russia, and other Commonwealth of Independent States countries. Each of these agreements is scheduled to expire in 2025. Royalty expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $9.7 million compared to $9.9 million for 2019.

Loss from Operations

Loss from operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $35.4 million, or 2.8% of net sales, compared to loss of $28.4 million, or 2.0% of net sales, for 2019.  This increase in the loss from operations was primarily driven by lower net sales and the net result of the items previously discussed, but most notably the asset impairment charges totaling $20.8 million and the restructuring charges of $1.7 million recorded in 2020. The asset impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2020 are comprised of the following: $13.8 million is related to certain machinery and equipment located at TTRC as a result of market declines, $6.0 million is related to certain customer relationships in Australia as a result of attrition of several customers since the business was initially acquired, and $1.0 million is related to inventory impairment as part of the closure of the Saltville, Virginia wheel operations.

OTHER PROFIT/LOSS ITEMS

Interest Expense

Interest expense for 2020 and 2019 was $30.6 million and $32.0 million, respectively. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to reduction in borrowings under Titan's revolving credit facility and lower interest rates on borrowings.

Foreign Exchange (Loss) Gain

Foreign currency loss was $11.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to a gain of $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Foreign currency exchange gain or loss is the result of the significant movements in foreign currency exchange rates in many of the geographies in which we conduct business and translation of intercompany loans at certain foreign subsidiaries, which are denominated in local currencies rather than the reporting currency, which is the United States dollar. Since such loans are expected to be settled at some point in the future, these loans are adjusted each reporting period to reflect the current exchange rates. A portion of the foreign currency loss in 2020 was due to closeout of loans as part of an ongoing initiative to rationalize Titan's legal entity structure and ongoing management of the intercompany capital structure.

Other Income

Other income was $18.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to other income of $8.4 million for 2019, an increase of $9.3 million. The increase in other income was primarily attributable to the proceeds of $8.6 million related to a property insurance settlement at TTRC, a $4.9 million gain on the sale of our Brownsville, Texas facility, offset by a $0.7 million loss on the sale of shares of our investment in Wheels India Limited during 2020. A $4.7 million gain was realized on the sale of shares of our investment in Wheels India Limited in September 2019.

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Provision for Income Taxes

The Company recorded tax expense for income taxes of $6.9 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company's effective tax rate was (11.9)% in 2020 and (7.2)% in 2019.

The Company’s 2020 and 2019 income tax expense and rates differed from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to pre-tax income primarily as a result of U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions that incurred a full valuation allowance on deferred tax assets created by current year projected losses and a reduction of the liability for unrecognized tax positions. In addition, there were non-deductible royalty expenses and statutorily required income adjustments made in certain foreign jurisdictions that negatively impacted the tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Net Loss

Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2020, was $65.1 million, compared to net loss of $51.5 million for 2019. Basic loss per share was $0.99 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $0.84 for 2019. Diluted loss per share was $(0.99) for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $0.84 for 2019. The Company's lower net income and earnings per share were due to the items previously discussed.

SEGMENT INFORMATION

Segment Summary (Amounts in thousands)

2020	Agricultural		Earthmoving/ Construction		Consumer		Corporate/ Unallocated  Expenses		Consolidated  Totals
Net sales	$	634,652	$	510,150	$	114,511	$	—	$	1,259,313
Gross profit	65,408		37,885		11,026		—		114,319
(Loss) income from operations	9,838		(21,620)		1,085		(24,654)		(35,351)
2019
Net sales	$	652,558	$	648,753	$	147,355	$	—	$	1,448,666
Gross profit	55,971		57,678		15,355		—		129,004
Income (loss) from operations	10,991		(1,892)		1,849		(39,380)		(28,432)

Agricultural Segment Results

Agricultural segment results were as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)	2020		2019		% Increase / (Decrease)
Net sales	$	634,652	$	652,558	(2.7)	%
Gross profit	65,408		55,971		16.9	%
Income from operations	9,838		10,991		(10.5)	%

Net sales in the agricultural market were $634.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $652.6 million for 2019, a decrease of 2.7%. Overall, unfavorable foreign currency translation of 6.8% and unfavorable price/mix of 0.8% contributed to the decrease in net sales which was partially offset by a volume increase of 4.8% experienced by the majority of our geographic locations except for our North America wheel operations and our undercarriage business in Europe. Lower sales volumes for these businesses were primarily caused by challenging market conditions and economic softness due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gross profit in the agricultural market was $65.4 million, or 10.3% of net sales, for 2020, compared to $56.0 million, or 8.6% of net sales, for 2019.   The increase in gross profit and margin was driven by favorable global raw material prices and operational improvements and efficiencies experienced during 2020. Particularly, North American wheel improved operations and experienced efficient supply chains during 2020 compared to elevated steel inventories and related costs in the second and third quarters of 2019. Income from operations in the agricultural market was $9.8 million for the year 2020, compared to $11.0 million for 2019.  

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Earthmoving/Construction Segment Results

Earthmoving/construction segment results were as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)	2020		2019		% Decrease
Net sales	$	510,150	$	648,753	(21.4)	%
Gross profit	37,885		57,678		(34.3)	%
Loss from operations	(21,620)		(1,892)		1,043	%

The Company's earthmoving/construction market net sales were $510.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $648.8 million for 2019, a decrease of 21.4%. The decrease in earthmoving/construction net sales was driven by decreased volume of 19.4% and unfavorable foreign currency translation of 2.3% of net sales. Price/mix was flat year over year. The direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic accounted for approximately $53 million of the sales decrease due to plant shutdowns and market disruptions in Europe and Asia, primarily in the first half of 2020. Lower sales volume was experienced in all geographies and also a result of tightening within the construction market which was most impactful in our undercarriage business.

Gross profit in the earthmoving/construction market was $37.9 million, or 7.4% of net sales, for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $57.7 million, or 8.9% of net sales, for the year ended December 31, 2019. During 2020, there were impairment charges of $13.8 million related to certain machinery and equipment located at TTRC in Canada, as a result of market declines, which indicated the remaining book value of the equipment is more than the fair market value. In addition, an impairment charge of $6.0 million related to certain customer relationships in Australia as a result of attrition of several customers since the business was initially acquired. The Company's earthmoving/construction market loss from operations was $21.6 million for the year 2020, compared to loss from operations of $1.9 million for 2019. The decrease in both gross profit and income from operations in 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, was primarily due to the impairment charges, coupled with lower sales volume due to tightening within the construction market particularly in our undercarriage business and as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Consumer Segment Results

Consumer segment results were as follows:

(Amounts in thousands)	2020		2019		% Decrease
Net sales	$	114,511	$	147,355	(22.3)	%
Gross profit	11,026		15,355		(28.2)	%
Income from operations	1,085		1,849		(41.3)	%

Consumer market net sales were $114.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $147.4 million for 2019, a decrease of 22.3%.  The decrease in consumer net sales was primarily due to unfavorable sales volumes of 15.5% and unfavorable foreign currency translation, primarily in Latin America, which negatively impacted net sales by 8.9%. This was partially offset by favorable price/mix of 2.1%. During a significant portion of 2020, sales in Latin America’s light utility truck tire sector were negatively impacted by dislocation in the market from effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gross profit from the consumer market was $11.0 million for 2020, or 9.6% of net sales, compared to $15.4 million, or 10.4% of net sales, for 2019, which was primarily caused by certain production inefficiencies from lower sales volume. Consumer segment income from operations was $1.1 million for 2020, compared to $1.8 million for 2019.

Corporate & Unallocated Expenses

Income from operations on a segment basis does not include corporate expenses of approximately $24.7 million and $39.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Unallocated expenses are primarily comprised of corporate selling, general and administrative expenses. The decrease year-over-year was due to the continued refinement of the allocation process, which enabled the Company to identify previously unallocated expenses that belonged within other segments along with management actions to reduce SG&A costs at the corporate level.

FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019, COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018

The comparison of the 2019 results to 2018 has been omitted from this Form 10-K and can be found in the Company's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on March 4, 2020.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash Flows

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $117.4 million of cash, an increase of $50.6 million from December 31, 2019, due to the following items:

Operating Cash Flows

Summary of cash flows from operating activities:

(Amounts in thousands)	Year ended December 31,
	2020		2019		Change
Net loss	$	(65,077)	$	(51,519)	$	(13,558)
Depreciation and amortization	54,655		54,376		279
Asset impairment	20,823		—		20,823
Loss (gain) on sale of Wheels India Limited shares	(4,152)		(4,695)		543
Gain on property insurance settlement	(8,657)		—		(8,657)
Accounts receivable	(15,236)		56,832		(72,068)
Inventories	37,747		63,654		(25,907)
Prepaid and other current assets	2,312		1,912		400
Accounts payable	11,942		(53,183)		65,125
Other current liabilities	24,025		(10,155)		34,180
Other liabilities	(13,226)		(5,438)		(7,788)
Other operating activities	12,073		(6,342)		18,415
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	57,229	$	45,442	$	11,787

For the year ended December 31, 2020, operating activities provided cash of $57.2 million, driven by decreases in inventories of $37.7 million and increases in accounts payable and other current liabilities of $11.9 million and $24.0 million partially offset by increases in accounts receivable $15.2 million. Included in net loss of $65.1 million were non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization of $54.7 million and asset impairments of $20.8 million primarily related to TTRC property, plant and equipment and the customer relationships intangible asset in Australia.

Cash provided by operating activities increased by $11.8 million when comparing 2020 to 2019. This increase was due to the overall improvement of working capital as a result of company-wide initiatives surrounding inventory management partially offset by the impact of lower sales in 2020, which resulted in a decrease of $13.6 million in net income.

Summary of the components of cash conversion cycle:

	December 31,	December 31,
	2020	2019
Days sales outstanding	54	56
Days inventory outstanding	99	111
Days payable outstanding	(56)	(53)
Cash conversion cycle	97	114

Cash conversion cycle decreased by 17 days during 2020 from 2019 due to strategic improvement in inventory management including more accurate demand forecasting and strategic sourcing of raw materials. Further, the decrease is also due to continued focus on customer cash collections and favorable management of accounts payable and supplier payment terms.

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Investing Cash Flows

Summary of cash flows from investing activities:

(Amounts in thousands)	Year ended December 31,
	2020		2019		Change
Capital expenditures	$	(21,680)	$	(36,414)	$	14,734
Sale of Wheels India Limited shares	32,852		19,021		13,831
Payments related to redeemable noncontrolling interest	—		(71,722)		71,722
Other investing activities	22,049		(3,476)		25,525
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities	$	33,221	$	(92,591)	$	125,812

Net cash provided by investing activities was $33.2 million in 2020, compared to cash used of $92.6 million in 2019. Other investing activities during 2020 includes $32.9 million from the sale of shares of our investment in Wheels India Limited, $8.6 million from the proceeds of a property insurance settlement and $11.4 million from the sale of our Brownsville, Texas facility. In September 2019, the Company sold shares of its investment in Wheels India Limited for $19.0 million.

The Company invested a total of $21.7 million in capital expenditures in 2020, compared to $36.4 million in 2019. Capital expenditures represent various equipment purchases and improvements to enhance production capabilities of Titan’s existing business and maintain existing equipment. The overall capital outlay for 2020 was suppressed as a direct response to cash preservation activities as a result of COVID-19 impacts on the business. During 2019, the Company made payments of $71.7 million in satisfaction of obligations relating to the settlement put option under the Shareholders' Agreement. Refer to Note 13 for additional information.

Financing Cash Flows

Summary of cash flows from financing activities:

(Amounts in thousands)	Year ended December 31,
	2020		2019		Change
Proceeds from borrowings	$	91,639	$	134,227	$	(42,588)
Payment on debt	(126,393)		(100,901)		(25,492)
Dividends paid	(603)		(1,204)		601
Other financing activities	(3,208)		—		—
Cash (used for) provided by financing activities	$	(38,565)	$	32,122	$	(67,479)

Net cash used for financing activities was $38.6 million in 2020 due to proceeds from borrowings of $91.6 million partially offset by debt payments of $126.4 million. The Company continued to focus on reduction of its overall debt levels during 2020 resulting in an overall decrease in the borrowings on the revolving credit facility from $36 million as of December 31, 2019 to no borrowings as of December 31, 2020.

Debt Restrictions

The Company’s revolving credit facility (credit facility) and indenture relating to the 6.50% senior secured notes due 2023 contain various restrictions which include:

•When remaining availability under the credit facility is less than 10% of the total commitment under the credit facility ($12.5 million as of December 31, 2020), the Company is required to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.0 to 1.0 (calculated quarterly on a trailing four quarter basis);

•Limits on dividends and repurchases of the Company’s stock;

•Restrictions on the ability of the Company to make additional borrowings, or to consolidate, merge, or otherwise fundamentally change the ownership of the Company;

•Limitations on investments, dispositions of assets, and guarantees of indebtedness; and

•Other customary affirmative and negative covenants.

These restrictions could limit the Company’s ability to respond to market conditions, provide for unanticipated capital investments, raise additional debt or equity capital, pay dividends, or take advantage of business opportunities, including future acquisitions.

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LIQUIDITY OUTLOOK

At December 31, 2020, the Company had $117.4 million of cash and cash equivalents. At December 31, 2020, under the Company's $125 million credit facility, there were no outstanding borrowings, $19.7 million in outstanding letters of credit, and the amount available totaled $50.9 million. Titan’s availability under this domestic facility may be less than $125 million as a result of any outstanding letters of credit and eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances at certain of its domestic subsidiaries. The cash and cash equivalents balance of $117.4 million includes $100.4 million held in foreign countries.

Capital expenditures for 2021 are forecasted to be approximately $35 million to $40 million. These capital expenditures are anticipated to be used primarily to enhance the Company’s existing facilities and manufacturing capabilities and drive productivity gains.

Cash payments for interest are currently forecasted to be approximately $30 million in 2021, based on the Company's year-end 2020 debt balances and debt maturities. The forecasted interest payments are comprised primarily of the semi-annual interest payments totaling approximately $26 million (paid in May and November) for the 6.50% senior secured notes.

Subject to the terms of the agreements governing Titan's outstanding indebtedness, the Company may finance future acquisitions or joint ventures with cash on hand, cash from operations, additional indebtedness, issuing additional equity securities, and divestitures.

Cash and cash equivalents, totaling $117.4 million at December 31, 2020, along with anticipated internal cash flows from operations, and utilization of remaining available credit facilities, are expected to provide sufficient liquidity for working capital needs, debt maturities and capital expenditures. Potential divestitures and unencumbered assets are also a means to provide for future liquidity needs. Titan has taken actions to obtain additional financial flexibility and credit capabilities from our banking partners and other sources throughout our global operations during 2020, to gain flexibility as the markets recover in the future. We are managing the business cycle and disruption due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, we do not anticipate that this impact will cause the Company to violate any financial covenants with respect to its debt agreements. In addition, as a result of the measures undertaken by management, the Company does not anticipate any significant liquidity constraints during the foreseeable future.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

The Company’s contractual obligations at December 31, 2020, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

	Payments due by period
Contractual Obligations	Total		Less than  1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
6.50% senior secured notes due 2023	$	400,000	$	—	$	400,000	$	—	$	—
Other debt	67,827		31,119		22,635		8,971		5,102
Interest expense (a)	80,290		28,083		51,445		596		166
Operating and finance leases	31,396		10,292		13,709		4,170		3,225
Purchase obligations	16,982		13,504		2,384		1,094		—
Settlement of legal matter	12,021		9,327		2,694		—		—
Other long-term liabilities (b)	25,196		3,209		16,120		5,867		—
Total	$	633,712	$	95,534	$	508,987	$	20,698	$	8,493

(a)Interest expense is estimated based on the Company’s year-end 2020 debt balances, maturities, and interest rates.  The estimates assume the credit facility borrowings are paid off during 2021.  The Company’s actual debt balances and interest rates may fluctuate in the future; therefore, actual interest payments may vary from those payments detailed in the above table.

(b)Other long-term liabilities represent the Company’s estimated funding requirements for defined benefit pension plans. The Company’s liability for pensions is based on a number of assumptions, including discount rates, rates of return on investments, mortality rates, and other factors.  Certain of these assumptions are determined with the assistance of outside actuaries.  Assumptions are based on past experience and anticipated future trends and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties and may lead to significantly different pension liability funding requirements.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

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As of December 31, 2020, the Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements (as defined in Item 303(a)(4) of Regulation S-K).

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in compliance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the application of technical accounting rules and guidance, as well as the use of estimates.  The Company’s application of such rules and guidance involves assumptions that require difficult subjective judgments regarding many factors, which, in and of themselves, could materially impact the financial statements and disclosures.  A future change in the estimates, assumptions, or judgments applied in determining the following matters, among others, could have a material impact on future financial statements and disclosures.

Asset and Business Acquisitions

The allocation of purchase price for asset and business acquisitions requires management estimates and judgment as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired assets and business and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable intangible assets in determining the estimated fair value for purchase price allocations. If the actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used in determining the purchase price allocations, impairment losses could occur. To aid in establishing the value of any intangible assets at the time of acquisition, the Company typically engages a professional appraisal firm.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is estimated based on current selling prices. Inventory costs are calculated using the first in, first out (FIFO) method or average cost method. Estimated provisions are established for slow-moving and obsolete inventory.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the respective tax basis of assets and liabilities.   Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates that are expected to apply in the years the temporary differences are expected to be settled or realized. A valuation allowance is recorded for the portion of the deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Management’s judgment is required to determine the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and valuation allowances against deferred tax assets.

Retirement Benefit Obligations

Pension benefit obligations are based on various assumptions used by third-party actuaries in calculating these amounts.  These assumptions include discount rates, expected return on plan assets, mortality rates, and other factors.  Revisions in assumptions and actual results that differ from the assumptions affect future expenses, cash funding requirements, and obligations.  The Company has three frozen defined benefit pension plans in the United States and pension plans in several foreign countries.  For more information concerning these obligations, see Note 23 for additional information.

The effect of hypothetical changes to selected assumptions on the Company’s frozen pension benefit obligations would be as follows (amounts in thousands):

		December 31, 2020		2021
Assumptions	Percentage Change	Increase (Decrease) PBO (a)	Increase (Decrease) Equity	Increase (Decrease) Expense
Pension
Discount rate	+/-5	$(5,318)/$5,829	$5,318/$5,829	$(243)/$229
Expected return on assets	+/-5			$(422)/$422

(a)Projected benefit obligation (PBO) for pension plans.

Product Warranties

The Company provides limited warranties on workmanship on its products in all market segments. The majority of the Company's products are subject to a limited warranty that ranges between less than one year and ten years, with certain product warranties being prorated after the first year. Actual warranty experience may differ from historical experience. The Company calculates an estimated warranty liability based on past warranty experience and the sales of products subject to that experience. The Company records warranty expense based on warranty payments made and changes to the estimated warranty liability. The Company's warranty liability was $15.0 million at December 31, 2020, and $14.3 million at December 31, 2019. The Company recorded warranty expense of $6.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, and $5.0 million for the year ended

28

December 31, 2019. The Company's estimated warranty liability and expense increased primarily as the result of higher net sales of product with historical warranty experience.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews fixed assets to assess recoverability from future operations whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable. Factors that could result in an impairment review include, but are not limited to, a current period cash flow loss combined with a history of cash flow losses, current cash flows that may be insufficient to recover the investment in the property over the remaining useful life, or a projection that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset, significant changes in the manner of use of the assets, or significant changes in business strategies. Impairment losses are recognized in operating results when expected undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset. Impairment losses are measured as the excess of the carrying value of the asset over the discounted expected future cash flows or the estimated fair value of the asset.

MARKET RISK

Foreign Currency Risk

The Company is exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations in certain countries in which it operates. The exposure to foreign currency movements is limited in many countries because the operating revenues and expenses of the Company's various subsidiaries and business units are substantially in the local currency of the country in which they operate. To the extent that borrowings, sales, purchases, revenues, expenses or other transactions are not in the local currency of the subsidiary, the Company is exposed to currency risk and may enter into foreign exchange derivative contracts to mitigate the currency risk. The Company is exposed to fluctuations in the Australian dollar, Brazilian real, British pound, euro, Russian ruble and other global currencies.   The Company’s net investment in foreign entities translated into U.S. dollars was $283.0 million at December 31, 2020, and $287.0 million at December 31, 2019.  The hypothetical potential loss in value of the Company’s net investment in foreign entities resulting from a 10% adverse change in foreign currency exchange rates at December 31, 2020, would have been approximately $28.3 million.

29

Commodity Price Risk

The Company does not generally enter into long-term commodity pricing contracts and does not use derivative commodity instruments to hedge its exposures to commodity market price fluctuations.  Therefore, the Company is exposed to price fluctuations of its key commodities, which consist primarily of steel, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and carbon black. The Company attempts to pass on certain material price increases and decreases to its customers, depending on market conditions.

Interest Rate Risk

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its variable debt. The Company has a $125 million credit facility that has a variable interest rate.  As of December 31, 2020, the amount available under the credit facility was $50.9 million. If the credit facility were fully drawn to available funds, a change in the interest rate of 100 basis points, or 1%, would have changed the Company’s interest expense by approximately $0.5 million.  At December 31, 2020, there were no borrowings under the credit facility.

ITEM 7A – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Reference is made to Part II, Item 7 of this report.

ITEM 8 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Reference is made to Part IV, Item 15 of this report, “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.”

ITEM 9– CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Titan management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2020. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2020, Titan's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by Titan in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported accurately and within the time frames specified in the SEC's rules and forms and accumulated and communicated to Titan management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in Titan's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Titan management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies, procedures, and activities that:

•pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company;

•provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and

•provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

30

Titan management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the "Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013)." Based on this assessment, management concluded that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020.

The effectiveness of Titan's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, has been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report within this Form 10-K.

Inherent Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

Because of its inherent limitations, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements or fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Due to the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.

These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur due to simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

ITEM 9B – OTHER INFORMATION

On February 25, 2021, the Company amended and extended the Credit and Security Agreement, dated as of February 17, 2017, as amended, with agent BMO Harris Bank N.A. and the other financial institutions party thereto with respect to its $125 million revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). The amended Credit Facility was extended for one year with the new maturity occurring on February 16, 2023. The amount available to be borrowed under the amended Credit Facility was reduced to $100 million at the Company’s request to better align with the current borrowing base consisting of eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances at certain of its domestic subsidiaries. The amended Credit Facility can be expanded by up to $50 million at the Company’s option. The amended Credit and Security Agreement otherwise has terms substantially similar to those contained in the agreement prior to the amendment.

31

PART III

ITEM 10 – DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Directors

Information required by this item regarding the Company’s directors is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s 2021 Proxy Statement under the captions “Proposal #1 - Election of Directors,” “Committees of the Board of Directors; Meetings” and “Corporate Governance.”

Executive Officers

The names, ages, and positions of all executive officers of the Company are listed below, followed by a brief account of their business experience during the past five years.  Officers are normally appointed annually by the Board of Directors at a meeting immediately following the Annual Meeting of Stockholders.  There is no arrangement or understanding between any officer and any other person pursuant to which an officer was selected.

Paul G. Reitz, 48, joined the Company in July 2010 as Chief Financial Officer.  Mr. Reitz was appointed President in February 2014. In December 2016, Mr. Reitz was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer.

David A. Martin, 53, joined the Company in June 2018 as Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining Titan, Mr. Martin served from 1993 to 2018 in various roles at Aegion Corporation, a global technology/service provider maintaining, protecting and strengthening infrastructure, primarily pipelines, that is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Mr. Martin’s roles included Chief Financial Officer from 2007 to November 2017.

Michael G. Troyanovich, 63, joined the Company in August 2011 as Assistant General Counsel. Mr. Troyanovich was appointed Secretary in December 2012, and General Counsel in June 2013.

Business Conduct Policy

The Company adopted a business conduct policy, which is applicable to directors, officers and employees.  The Company has also adopted corporate governance guidelines.  The business conduct policy and corporate governance guidelines are available under the investor information category of the Company’s website, www.titan-intl.com.  The Company intends to satisfy disclosure requirements regarding amendments to or waivers from its business conduct policy by posting such information on its website.  Printed copies of the business conduct policy and corporate governance guidelines are available, without charge, by writing to:  Titan International, Inc., c/o Corporate Secretary, 2701 Spruce Street, Quincy, IL 62301.

ITEM 11 – EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information required by this item regarding executive compensation is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s 2021 Proxy Statement under the caption “Compensation of Executive Officers.”

ITEM 12– SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Information required by this item regarding security ownership is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s 2021 Proxy Statement under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.”

ITEM 13 – CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information required by this item regarding relationships and related party transactions is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s 2021 Proxy Statement under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” and “Corporate Governance” and also appears in Note 28 of the Company’s Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 14 – PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Information required by this item regarding audit fees and services is incorporated by reference herein to the Company’s 2021 Proxy Statement under the caption “Audit and Other Fees.”

32

PART IV

ITEM 15 – EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)  1.	Financial Statements
	Management’s Responsibility for Financial Statements	F- 1
	Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F- 2
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018	F- 4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018	F- 5
	Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019	F- 6
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020	F- 7
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018	F- 8
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F- 9
2.	Financial Statement Schedule
	Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	S- 1
3.	Exhibits

The accompanying Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.

33

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Exhibit Index

Annual Report on Form 10-K

Exhibit No.	DESCRIPTION
3.1 (a)	Titan International, Inc. Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
3.2 (a)	Bylaws of the Company
4.1*	Description of Securities of the Registrant
4.2 (b)	Indenture, dated as of November 20, 2017, among Titan, the Guarantors named therein, the Trustee and the Collateral Trustee
4.3 (b)	Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of November 20, 2017, among, Titan, the Guarantors named therein, and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, as representative of the initial purchasers of the Senior Secured Notes due 2023
10.1 (c)	2005 Equity Incentive Plan as Amended
10.2 (d)	Paul G. Reitz Employment Agreement
10.3 (e)	Paul G. Reitz Employment Agreement Amendment
10.4 (f)	Michael G. Troyanovich Employment Agreement
10.5 (g)	David A. Martin Employment Agreement
10.6 (h)	Trademark License Agreement with The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company **
10.7 (i)	Agreement, dated as of February 26, 2016, by and among the Company and MHR Institutional Partners III LP, MHR Capital Partners Master Account LP, MHR Capital Partners (100) LP, MHR Institutional Advisors III LLC, MHR Advisors LLC, MHRC LLC, MHR Fund Management LLC, MHR Holdings LLC and Mark H. Rachesky
10.8 (j)	Audit Committee Observer Agreement, dated as of September 29, 2016
10.9 (k)	Credit and Security Agreement with agent BMO Harris Bank N. A., dated as of February 17, 2017
10.10 (l)	Shareholders' Agreement, dated July 9, 2013, between Titan International, Inc., Titan Luxembourg S.A.R.L., OEP 11 Cooperatief U.A., Rubber Cooperatief U.A., and Titan Tire Russia B.V.
10.11 (m)	Transaction Agreement among Titan Luxembourg S.A.R.L., Titan International, Inc., and Rubber Coöperatief U.A.
10.12 (n)	Amendment, dated as of February 25, 2019, to the February 26, 2016, Agreement by and among the Company and MHR Institutional Partners III LP, MHR Capital Partners Master Account LP, MHR Capital Partners (100) LP, MHR Institutional Advisors III LLC, MHR Advisors LLC, MHRC LLC, MHR Fund Management LLC, MHR Holdings LLC and Mark H. Rachesky
10.13 (o)	Second Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement with agent BMO Harris Bank N. A. dated as of May 17, 2019
10.14 (p)	Sale Purchase Agreement among OEP Tire Russia L.P., Titan Luxembourg S.A.R.L., OEP II Partners, Co-Invest, L.P. and One Equity Partners V, L.P., dated July 30, 2019
10.15 (q)	Third Amendment to Credit and Security Agreement with agent BMO Harris Bank N. A. dated as of February 25, 2021
21*	Subsidiaries of the Registrant
22*	List of Subsidiary Guarantors
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32*	Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith

** Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to certain portions of this exhibit.  Omitted portions have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

34

(a)Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit contained in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 29, 2015 (No. 1-12936).

(b)Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit contained in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 20, 2017 (No. 1-12936).

(c)Incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on March 28, 2011.

(d)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2015 (No. 1-12936).

(e)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.3 contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 9, 2016 (No. 1-12936).

(f)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.3 contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 23, 2015 (No. 1-12936).

(g)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10 contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 15, 2018 (No. 1-12936).

(h)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 contained in the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016 (No. 1-12936).

(i)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10 contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 29, 2016 (No. 1-12936).

(j)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10 contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 3, 2016 (No. 1-12936).

(k)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10 contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 23, 2017 (No. 1-12936).

(l)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10 contained in the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018 (No. 1-12936).

(m)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10 contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 11, 2019 (No 1-12936).

(n)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10 contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 25, 2019 (No 1-12936).

(o)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10 contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 21, 2019 (No 1-12936).

(p)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10 contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019 (No 1-12936).

(q)Incorporated by reference to exhibit 10 contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 26, 2021 (No 1-12936).

ITEM 16 – FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

35

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Registrant)

Date:	March 3, 2021	By:	/s/  PAUL G. REITZ
			Paul G. Reitz
			President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on March 3, 2021.

Signatures	Capacity
/s/  PAUL G. REITZ	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Paul G. Reitz	(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/  DAVID A. MARTIN	SVP and Chief Financial Officer
David A. Martin	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/  MAURICE M. TAYLOR JR.	Chairman
Maurice M. Taylor Jr.
/s/  RICHARD M. CASHIN JR.	Director
Richard M. Cashin Jr.
/s/  GARY L. COWGER	Director
Gary L. Cowger
/s/ MAX A. GUINN	Director
Max A. Guinn
/s/  DR. MARK RACHESKY	Director
Dr. Mark Rachesky
/s/  ANTHONY L. SOAVE	Director
Anthony L. Soave

36

Management’s Responsibility for Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K.  Management believes that the consolidated financial statements fairly reflect the Company’s financial transactions and the financial statements reasonably present the Company’s financial position and results of operations in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The Board of Directors of the Company has an Audit Committee comprised entirely of outside directors who are independent of management.  The Committee meets periodically with management, the internal auditors, and the independent registered public accounting firm to review accounting control, auditing, and financial reporting matters.  The Audit Committee is responsible for the appointment of the independent registered public accounting firm and approval of their fees.

The independent registered public accounting firm audits the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2020 have been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included herein.

F- 1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Shareholders

Titan International, Inc.

Opinion on the financial statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Titan International, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and financial statement schedule (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated March 3, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical audit matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

/s/ Grant Thornton LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.

Chicago, Illinois

March 3, 2021

F- 2

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and Shareholders

Titan International, Inc.

Opinion on internal control over financial reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Titan International, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, and our report dated March 3, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Grant Thornton LLP

Chicago, Illinois

March 3, 2021

F- 3

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(All amounts in thousands, except per share data)

	Year ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
Net sales	$	1,259,313	$	1,448,666	$	1,602,408
Cost of sales	1,130,194		1,319,662		1,404,142
Asset impairment	14,800		—		—
Gross profit	114,319		129,004		198,266
Selling, general and administrative expenses	130,942		137,697		134,789
Research and development expenses	9,013		9,859		11,146
Royalty expense	9,715		9,880		10,087
(Loss) income from operations	(35,351)		(28,432)		42,244
Interest expense	(30,554)		(32,004)		(28,349)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain	(11,025)		3,999		(11,179)
Other income	18,799		8,393		17,091
(Loss) income before income taxes	(58,131)		(48,044)		19,807
Provision for income taxes	6,946		3,475		6,762
Net (loss) income	(65,077)		(51,519)		13,045
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(4,689)		(3,094)		(3,042)
Net (loss) income attributable to Titan	(60,388)		(48,425)		16,087
Redemption value adjustment	—		(1,928)		(12,207)
Net (loss) income applicable to common shareholders	$	(60,388)	$	(50,353)	$	3,880
(Loss) Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	(.99)	$	(.84)	$	.06
Diluted	$	(.99)	$	(.84)	$	.06
Average common shares and equivalents outstanding:
Basic	60,818		60,100		59,820
Diluted	60,818		60,100		59,909
Dividends declared per common share:	$	.01	$	.02	$	.02

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 4

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(All amounts in thousands)

	Year ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018
Net (loss) income	$	(65,077)	$	(51,519)	$	13,045
Derivative loss	(413)		—		—
Currency translation adjustment	(4,140)		(8,949)		(41,966)
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax of $43, $133, and $(104), respectively	3,454		6,566		(3,650)
Comprehensive loss	(66,176)		(53,902)		(32,571)
Net comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable and noncontrolling interests	(7,185)		(1,533)		(6,488)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Titan	$	(58,991)	$	(52,369)	$	(26,083)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 5

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(All amounts in thousands, except share data)

	December 31,
	2020		2019
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	117,431	$	66,799
Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $3,782 and $3,714, respectively)	193,014		185,238
Inventories	293,679		333,356
Assets held for sale	—		7,203
Prepaid and other current assets	54,475		58,869
Total current assets	658,599		651,465
Property, plant and equipment, net	319,854		367,595
Operating lease assets	24,356		23,914
Deferred income taxes	2,591		2,331
Other long-term assets	26,484		69,002
Total assets	$	1,031,884	$	1,114,307
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Short-term debt	$	31,119	$	61,253
Accounts payable	167,210		158,647
Other current liabilities	131,382		107,253
Total current liabilities	329,711		327,153
Long-term debt	433,584		438,469
Deferred income taxes	3,895		6,672
Other long-term liabilities	63,429		78,025
Total liabilities	830,619		850,319
Commitments and contingencies: Notes 10, 25, 26 and 27
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	25,000		25,000
Equity
Titan stockholders' equity
Common stock ($0.0001 par, 120,000,000 shares authorized, 61,466,593 issued at December 2020 and 60,710,983 at December 2019)	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	532,742		532,070
Retained deficit	(135,025)		(74,334)
Treasury stock (at cost, 89,612 shares at December 2020 and 427,771 shares at December 2019)	(1,199)		(4,234)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(217,254)		(218,651)
Total Titan stockholders’ equity	179,264		234,851
Noncontrolling interests	(2,999)		4,137
Total equity	176,265		238,988
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,031,884	$	1,114,307

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 6

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(All amounts in thousands, except share data)

	Number of common shares	Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings (deficit)		Treasury stock		Stock reserved for deferred compensation		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total Titan Equity		Non-controlling interest		Total Equity
Balance January 1, 2018	59,800,559	$	—	$	531,708	$	(44,022)	$	(8,606)	$	(1,075)	$	(157,076)	$	320,929	$	(10,845)	$	310,084
Net income (loss) *						16,087								16,087		(1,951)		14,136
CTA, net of tax *												(38,520)		(38,520)		1,050		(37,470)
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax												(3,650)		(3,650)				(3,650)
Dividends declared						(1,201)								(1,201)				(1,201)
Accounting Standards Adoption						88								88		35		123
Acquisition of additional interest				(1,032)								(4,325)		(5,357)		5,208		(149)
Redemption value adjustment				(12,207)										(12,207)				(12,207)
Stock-based compensation	61,897			844				286						1,130				1,130
VIE Consolidation and distributions														—		(2,448)		(2,448)
Deferred compensation transactions				113						1,075				1,188				1,188
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan	54,517			72				489						561				561
Balance December 31, 2018	59,916,973	—		519,498		(29,048)		(7,831)		—		(203,571)		279,048		(8,951)		270,097
Net loss *						(48,425)								(48,425)		(2,275)		(50,700)
CTA, net of tax *												(10,510)		(10,510)		878		(9,632)
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax												6,566		6,566				6,566
Dividends declared						(1,207)								(1,207)				(1,207)
Accounting standards adoption						4,346						(4,933)		(587)				(587)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest activity				9,437										9,437		15,445		24,882
Acquisition of additional interest				6,203								(6,203)		—				—
Redemption value adjustment				(1,928)										(1,928)				(1,928)
Stock-based compensation	100,118			213				1,168						1,381				1,381
VIE consolidation and distributions														—		(2,968)		(2,968)
Record initial NCI														—		2,008		2,008
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan	266,121			(1,353)				2,429						1,076				1,076
Balance December 31, 2019	60,283,212	—		532,070		(74,334)		(4,234)		—		(218,651)		234,851		4,137		238,988
Net loss *						(60,388)								(60,388)		(4,689)		(65,077)
CTA, net of tax *												(1,644)		(1,644)		(2,496)		(4,140)
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax												3,454		3,454				3,454
Derivative loss												(413)		(413)				(413)
Dividends declared						(303)								(303)				(303)
Stock-based compensation	440,558			1,562				900						2,462				2,462
VIE deconsolidation and distributions														—		(559)		(559)
Noncontrolling interest contributions														—		608		608
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan	653,211			(890)				2,135						1,245				1,245
Balance December 31, 2020	61,376,981	$	—	$	532,742	$	(135,025)	$	(1,199)	$	—	$	(217,254)	$	179,264	$	(2,999)	$	176,265

* Net income (loss) excludes income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest of $(1,091), $(819), and $0 for 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. CTA excludes $(4,496), $683 and $0 for 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 7

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(All amounts in thousands)

	Year ended December 31,
Cash flows from operating activities:	2020		2019		2018
Net (loss) income	$	(65,077)	$	(51,519)	$	13,045
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	54,655		54,376		57,618
Asset impairment	20,823		—		—
Deferred income tax provision	(3,007)		(2,300)		(2,291)
Gain on building and investment sale	(4,152)		(4,695)		—
Gain on property insurance settlement	(8,657)		—		—
Stock-based compensation	2,462		1,381		1,130
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan	1,245		1,076		561
Foreign currency translation loss (gain)	12,444		(4,657)		3,149
(Increase) decrease in assets:
Accounts receivable	(15,236)		56,832		(36,092)
Inventories	37,747		63,654		(77,919)
Prepaid and other current assets	2,312		1,912		(5,377)
Other long-term assets	(1,071)		(1,842)		(13,054)
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
Accounts payable	11,942		(53,183)		29,364
Other current liabilities	24,025		(10,155)		(2,866)
Other liabilities	(13,226)		(5,438)		(3,444)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	57,229		45,442		(36,176)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(21,680)		(36,414)		(39,000)
Sale of Wheels India Limited shares	32,852		19,021		—
Proceeds from property insurance settlement	8,657		—		—
Payments related to redeemable noncontrolling interest	—		(71,722)		—
Other	13,392		(3,476)		2,069
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	33,221		(92,591)		(36,931)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings	91,639		134,227		57,294
Payment on debt	(126,393)		(100,901)		(38,557)
Dividends paid	(603)		(1,204)		(1,201)
Other financing activities	(3,208)		—		—
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities	(38,565)		32,122		17,536
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(1,253)		141		(6,314)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	50,632		(14,886)		(61,885)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	66,799		81,685		143,570
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	$	117,431	$	66,799	$	81,685
Supplemental information:
Interest paid	$	29,233	$	32,498	$	30,800
Income taxes paid, net of refunds received	$	12,355	$	10,416	$	12,435
Non-cash information:
Deferred compensation obligation paid through the transfer of trust assets	$	—	$	—	$	14,268

 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 8

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Business

Titan International, Inc. and its subsidiaries (Titan or the Company) are leading manufacturers of wheels, tires, and undercarriage systems and components for off-highway vehicles used in the agricultural, earthmoving/construction, and consumer segments.  Titan manufactures both wheels and tires for the majority of these market applications, allowing the Company to provide the value-added service of delivering complete wheel and tire assemblies.  The Company offers a broad range of products that are manufactured to meet the specifications of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and/or the requirements of aftermarket customers.

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all majority-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities in which Titan is the primary beneficiary. Investments in companies in which Titan does not own a majority interest, but which Titan has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in other companies are carried at cost. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the Company in 2020. Titan's workforce and operations were curtailed during March through May 2020 in some of the countries where the Company has operations and where COVID-19 has been widespread (such as the Company’s European and Latin America locations). The Company’s operations resumed and improved over the course of the year, while additional sanitary and other protective health measures increased operating costs. The Company's operations will continue to be impacted, depending on the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, the length of time it takes for more normal economic and operating conditions to resume, additional governmental actions that may be taken and/or extensions of time for restrictions that have been imposed to date and numerous other uncertainties.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers short-term debt securities with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The cash in the Company's U.S. banks is not fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company had $100.4 million and $60.6 million of cash in foreign bank accounts at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company's cash in its foreign bank accounts is not fully insured.

Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts

The Company carries its accounts receivable at their face amounts less an allowance for doubtful accounts. An allowance for uncollectible receivables is recorded based upon known bad debt risks and past loss history. Actual collection experience may differ from the current estimate of net receivables.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company’s inventories are valued under the first in, first out (FIFO) method or average cost method. Net realizable value is estimated based on current selling prices. Estimated provisions are established for slow-moving and obsolete inventory.

Fixed assets

Property, plant, and equipment have been recorded at cost.  Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives of the related assets:

	Years
Building and improvements	25 - 40
Machinery and equipment	7 - 20
Tools, dies, and molds	2 - 9

Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.  When property, plant, and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are eliminated, and any gain or loss on disposition is included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

F- 9

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Interest is capitalized on fixed asset projects which are constructed over a period of time.  The amount of interest capitalized is determined by applying a weighted average interest rate to the average amount of accumulated expenditures for the asset during the period.  The interest rate used is based on the rates applicable to borrowings outstanding during the period. No interest was capitalized in 2020, 2019 or 2018.

Fair value of financial instruments

The Company records all financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable, and notes payable at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short term or stated rates.  Investments in marketable equity securities are recorded at fair value.  The 6.50% senior secured notes due 2023, issued on November 20, 2017 (senior secured notes) were carried at cost of $396.9 million at December 31, 2020. The fair value of the senior secured notes due 2023 at December 31, 2020, as obtained through an independent pricing source, was approximately $370.5 million.

Investments

The Company sold its remaining equity method investment in Wheels India Limited (Wheels India) during 2020 resulting in net proceeds of $32.9 million and net loss of $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. This equity method investment was included in other long-term assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company assesses the carrying value of its equity method investments whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable. Investment write-downs, if necessary, are recognized in operating results when expected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset. These write-downs, if any, are measured as the excess of the carrying value of the asset over the discounted expected future cash flows or the estimated fair value of the asset.

The Company uses the cost method to account for investments in entities that are not consolidated or accounted for under the equity method. Under the cost method, investments are reported at cost in other long-term assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair values of cost method investments are not estimated if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair values of the investments.

Foreign currency translation

The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated to United States currency.  Assets and liabilities are translated to United States dollars at period-end exchange rates.  Income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the period.  Translation adjustments are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in stockholders’ equity.  Gains and losses that result from foreign currency transactions are included in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenue recognition

The Company records sales revenue when products are shipped to customers and when our performance obligations with our customer are satisfied.  Our obligations under the contracts are satisfied when we transfer control of our products to our customer which is generally upon shipment. Provisions are established for sales returns and uncollectible accounts based on historical experience.  Should trends change, adjustments would be necessary to the estimated provisions.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales is comprised primarily of direct materials and supplies consumed in the manufacturing of the Company’s products, as well as manufacturing labor, depreciation expense, and overhead expense necessary to acquire and convert the purchased materials and supplies into a finished product.  Cost of sales also includes all purchasing, receiving, inspection, internal transfers, and related distribution costs.

Selling, general, and administrative expense

Selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expense is comprised primarily of sales commissions, marketing expense, selling, and administrative wages, information system costs, legal fees, bank charges, professional fees, depreciation and amortization expense on non-manufacturing assets, and other administrative items.

Research and development expense

Research and development (R&D) expenses are expensed as incurred.  R&D costs were $9.0 million, $9.9 million, and $11.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

F- 10

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Advertising

Advertising expenses are included in SG&A expense and are expensed as incurred.  Advertising costs were approximately $2.3 million, $3.7 million and $3.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Warranty costs

The Company provides limited warranties on workmanship on its products in all market segments.  The provision for estimated warranty costs is made in the period when such costs become probable and is based on past warranty experience.  See Note 9 for additional information.

Income taxes

Deferred income tax provisions are determined using the liability method to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities. This method is based upon differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the respective tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that are expected to apply in the years the temporary differences are expected to be settled or realized.  Valuation allowances are recorded where it is considered more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities.

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing consolidated net earnings applicable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing adjusted consolidated net earnings applicable to common shareholders by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and the weighted average number of potential common shares outstanding. Potential common shares consist of outstanding options under the Company’s stock compensation plans.

Environmental liabilities

Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate.  Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and that do not contribute to current or future revenue are expensed. Liabilities are recorded when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable and can be reasonably estimated.

Stock-based compensation

The Company has one stock-based compensation plan, which is described in Note 24.  Compensation expense for stock-based compensation is recognized over the requisite service period at the estimated fair value of the award at the grant date.  The Company granted 80,000 stock options in 2018. The Company did not grant stock options in 2020 and 2019. The Company granted 1,026,946, 355,201 and 376,500 restricted stock awards in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Use of estimates

The policies utilized by the Company in the preparation of the financial statements conform to United States generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP or GAAP) and require management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual amounts could differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial statements to conform to classifications used in the current year. These reclassifications had no impact on net loss, shareholders’ equity or cash flows as previously reported.

Adoption of new accounting standards

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments", which amends the current accounting guidance and requires the measurement of all expected losses based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. For trade receivables, loans, and other financial instruments, we are required to use a forward-looking expected loss model that reflects losses that are probable rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses. The standard became effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. In addition, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, which provides clarity on certain aspects of the amendments in ASU 2016-13. The Company adopted this guidance prospectively on January 1, 2020 and it did not have a material effect on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

F- 11

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, "Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement." The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2020 and it did not have a material effect on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, "Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans." The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. We adopted this ASU on December 31, 2020 and it did not have a material effect on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 23 for the adopted disclosure requirements as prescribed under ASU No. 2018-14.

In March 2020, the SEC issued a final rule that amends the disclosure requirements related to certain registered securities under SEC Regulation S-X Rule 3-10 with respect to the disclosure requirements related to issuers and guarantors of guaranteed debt securities. The final rule allows registrants to provide alternative financial disclosures in either the registrant’s MD&A or financial statements, rather than the previous requirement under Rule 3-10, which required condensed consolidating financial information within the financial statements. It also simplifies the requirements in Rule 3-10 that currently must be met for a parent company to qualify for exceptions allowing it to provide alternative disclosures rather than full audited financial statements. The final rule also reduces the periods for which summarized financial information is required to be presented to the most recent (1) annual period and (2) year-to-date interim period. The final rule applies to annual reports on Form 10-K for fiscal years ending after January 4, 2021 and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for quarterly periods ending after January 4, 2021 and registrants may voluntarily comply with the final rule before the effective date. The Company adopted the disclosure requirements as of December 31, 2020 and it did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Accounting standards issued but not yet adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, as part of its simplification initiative to reduce the cost and complexity in accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period, and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. ASU 2019-12 also amends other aspects of the guidance to help simplify and promote consistent application of GAAP. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. We do not believe this will have a material impact on our financial statements.

2. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable at December 31, 2020 and 2019, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019
Accounts receivable	$	196,796	$	188,952
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(3,782)		(3,714)
Accounts receivable, net	$	193,014	$	185,238

Accounts receivable are reduced by an estimated allowance for doubtful accounts which is based on known risks and historical losses.

F- 12

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. INVENTORIES

Inventories at December 31, 2020 and 2019, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019
Raw material	$	78,733	$	83,569
Work-in-process	36,485		48,369
Finished goods	178,461		201,418
	$	293,679	$	333,356

4. PREPAID AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid and other current assets at December 31, 2020 and 2019, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019
Factory supplies	$	24,006	$	27,742
Value added tax	9,579		11,755
Prepaid expense	11,930		10,357
Contract receivable	528		2,753
Prepaid insurance	1,411		1,843
Deposits	651		578
Prepaid taxes	2,403		1,951
Duty receivable	1,545		1,545
Other	2,422		342
	$	54,475	$	58,869

5. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant, and equipment at December 31, 2020 and 2019, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019
Land and improvements	$	43,943	$	44,386
Buildings and improvements	245,619		249,168
Machinery and equipment	583,847		605,205
Tools, dies, and molds	111,189		113,603
Construction-in-process	11,282		16,237
	995,880		1,028,599
Less accumulated depreciation	(676,026)		(661,004)
	$	319,854	$	367,595

Depreciation, including depreciation on capital leases, related to property, plant, and equipment for the years 2020, 2019 and 2018 totaled $51.3 million, $50.9 million, and $53.9 million, respectively.

The Company recorded a $13.8 million asset impairment charge during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to certain machinery and equipment located at Titan Tire Reclamation Corporation (TTRC) in Canada as a result of market declines, which indicated the remaining book value of the equipment is more than the fair market value.

During 2020, the Company took steps towards the finalization of the closure of its wheel operations in Saltville, Virginia, with plans for completion by the first half of 2021. As a part of this process, the Company expects to incur disposal costs related to the closure but an estimated amount or range of amounts has not yet been determined. There are approximately $0.5 million of net property, plant and equipment at this location.

F- 13

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company sold its Brownsville, Texas facility in November 2020 resulting in sales proceeds of $11.4 million and a gain on sale of $4.9 million. The sales proceeds are included in other line item within the investing activities section of the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The Company reclassified the building and related assets of its Brownsville, Texas facility totaling $7.2 million to Assets held for sale on its Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 as the facility was held for sale as of September 30, 2020.

6. OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS

Other long-term assets at December 31, 2020 and 2019, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019
Prepaid software	$	10,792	$	10,809
Other equity investments	5,601		4,973
Amortizable intangibles	1,975		9,766
Manufacturing spares	1,964		2,456
Deferred financing costs	141		264
Investment in Wheels India Limited	—		33,982
Notes receivable	—		2,000
Other	6,011		4,752
	$	26,484	$	69,002

7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The components of intangible assets for each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, were as follows (amounts in thousands):

	Weighted- Average Useful Lives (in Years)	2020		2019
Amortizable intangible assets:
Customer relationships	0	$	—	$	12,629
Patents, trademarks, and other	10.43	10,181		11,598
Total at cost		10,181		24,227
Less accumulated amortization		(8,206)		(14,461)
		$	1,975	$	9,766

During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $6.0 million related to the customer relationships intangible asset in Australia as a result of attrition of several customers since the business was initially acquired in 2012.

Amortization related to intangible assets for the years 2020, 2019, and 2018 totaled $2.3 million, $2.2 million, and $2.3 million, respectively.

F- 14

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The estimated aggregate amortization expense at December 31, 2020, for each of the years (or other periods) set forth below was as follows (amounts in thousands):

2021	$	472
2022	144
2023	144
2024	139
2025	123
Thereafter	953
	$	1,975

8. OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Other current liabilities at December 31, 2020 and 2019, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019
Wages and benefits	$	34,654	$	24,979
Warranty	15,040		14,334
Insurance	11,964		12,358
Accrued other taxes	10,071		4,912
Incentive compensation	9,449		6,878
Settlement of legal matter (see footnote 25)	9,327		—
Operating lease liability	7,533		6,729
Customer rebates	6,299		5,812
Foreign government grant (1)	4,799		1,217
Accrued interest	2,338		2,374
Customer deposits	1,945		6,396
Other	17,963		21,264
	$	131,382	$	107,253

(1) The amount relates foreign government grant programs related to certain capital development projects in Italy and Spain. The grants were recorded as deferred income which will be amortized over the life of the capital development projects.

9. WARRANTY

Changes in the warranty liability for the periods set forth below consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019
Warranty liability, January 1	$	14,334	$	16,328
Provision for warranty liabilities	6,853		4,965
Warranty payments made	(6,147)		(6,959)
Warranty liability, December 31	$	15,040	$	14,334

The Company provides limited warranties on workmanship on its products in all market segments.  The majority of the Company’s products are subject to a limited warranty that ranges between less than one year and ten years, with certain product warranties being prorated after the first year.  The Company calculates a provision for warranty expense based on past warranty experience.  Warranty accruals are included as a component of other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

F- 15

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

10. REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY AND LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt consisted of the following as of the dates set forth below (amounts in thousands):

	December 31, 2020
	Principal Balance		Unamortized Debt Issuance		Net Carrying Amount
6.50% senior secured notes due 2023	$	400,000	$	(3,124)	$	396,876
Titan Europe credit facilities	49,583		—		49,583
Other debt	18,244		—		18,244
Total debt	467,827		(3,124)		464,703
Less amounts due within one year	31,119		—		31,119
Total long-term debt	$	436,708	$	(3,124)	$	433,584

	December 31, 2019
	Principal Balance		Unamortized Debt Issuance		Net Carrying Amount
6.50% senior secured notes due 2023	$	400,000	$	(4,040)	$	395,960
Titan Europe credit facilities	43,591		—		43,591
Revolving credit facility	36,000		—		36,000
Other debt	24,171		—		24,171
Total debt	503,762		(4,040)		499,722
Less amounts due within one year	61,253		—		61,253
Total long-term debt	$	442,509	$	(4,040)	$	438,469

The weighted-average interest rates on total short-term borrowings, excluding current maturities of long-term debt, at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, were approximately 6.5% for both periods.

Aggregate maturities of long-term debt at December 31, 2020, for each of the years (or other periods) set forth below were as follows (amounts in thousands):

2021	$	31,119
2022	12,378
2023	410,257
2024	6,287
2025	2,684
Thereafter	5,102
	$	467,827

6.50% senior secured notes due 2023

The Company’s 6.50% senior secured notes (senior secured notes due 2023) were issued on November 20, 2017, and are due November 2023. Including the impact of debt issuance costs, these notes had an effective yield of 6.79% at issuance. These notes are secured by the land and buildings of the following subsidiaries of the Company:  Titan Tire Corporation, Titan Tire Corporation of Bryan, Titan Tire Corporation of Freeport, and Titan Wheel Corporation of Illinois.

Titan Europe credit facilities

The Titan Europe credit facilities included borrowings from various institutions totaling $49.6 million in aggregate principal amount at December 31, 2020. Maturity dates on this debt range from less than one year to five years. The Titan Europe facilities are primarily secured by the assets of Titan's subsidiaries in Italy, Spain, Germany, and Brazil.

F- 16

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Revolving credit facility

The Company has a $125 million revolving credit facility (credit facility) with agent BMO Harris Bank N.A. and other financial institutions party thereto. The credit facility is collateralized by accounts receivable and inventory of certain of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and is scheduled to mature in February 2022. See Note 32 for additional information related to the amendment to this credit facility. From time to time Titan's availability under this credit facility may be less than $125 million as a result of outstanding letters of credit and eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances at certain of its domestic subsidiaries. At December 31, 2020, there were no borrowings under the credit facility, an $19.7 million letter of credit and the amount available under the facility totaled $50.9 million based on eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances.

Other Debt

The Company has working capital loans at Titan Pneus do Brasil Ltda and Voltyre-Prom at various interest rates, which totaled $11.8 million and $5.3 million at December 31, 2020, respectively. Maturity dates on this debt range from less than one year to two years.

11. OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

Other long-term liabilities at December 31, 2020 and 2019, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019
Accrued pension liabilities	$	24,326	$	31,080
Operating lease liability	17,137		17,360
Foreign government grant (1)	10,279		8,227
Contingencies	2,694		6,500
Income tax liabilities	804		4,503
Other	8,189		10,355
	$	63,429	$	78,025

 (1) The amount relates foreign government grant programs related to certain capital development projects in Italy and Spain. The grants were recorded as deferred income which will be amortized over the life of the capital development projects.

12. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company uses financial derivatives to mitigate its exposure to volatility in foreign currency exchange rates. These derivative financial instruments are recognized at fair value.

For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded derivative loss of $0.4 million related to certain derivative contracts entered into during the year. The Company has designated these financial instruments as hedging instruments. Any gain or loss on the re-measurement of the fair value is included within the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recorded currency exchange gain of $0.9 million related to these derivatives. The Company has not designated these financial instruments as hedging instruments. Any gain or loss on the re-measurement of the fair value is recorded as an offset to currency exchange gain/loss.

13. REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST

The Company, in partnership with One Equity Partners (OEP) and the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), owned all of the equity interests in Voltyre-Prom, a leading producer of agricultural and industrial tires in Volgograd, Russia. The Company is party to a shareholders' agreement with OEP and RDIF (Shareholders' Agreement) which was entered into in connection with the acquisition of Voltyre-Prom. The agreement contains a settlement put option which was exercisable during a six-month period beginning July 9, 2018. The settlement put option required Titan to purchase the equity interests from OEP and RDIF in Voltyre-Prom with cash or Titan common stock, at a value set by the agreement. The value set by the agreement was the greater of: the aggregate of the investment of the selling party and an amount representing an internal rate of return of 8%, or the last twelve months of EBITDA multiplied by 5.5 less net debt times the selling party's ownership percentage.

F- 17

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On November 14, 2018, the Company received notification of exercise of the put option from RDIF. On February 11, 2019, the Company entered into a definitive agreement (the "Agreement") with an affiliate of RDIF relating to the put option that was exercised by RDIF. The transactions contemplated by the Agreement closed on February 22, 2019. Under the terms of the Agreement, in full satisfaction of the settlement put option that was exercised by RDIF, Titan paid to RDIF $25 million in cash at the closing of the transaction, and agreed, subject to the completion of regulatory approval, to issue to RDIF in a private placement 4,032,259 restricted shares of Titan common stock. Due to pending regulatory approval, the issuance of the restricted shares of Titan common stock pursuant to the Agreement was not completed as of December 31, 2019. Immediately following the closing, RDIF continued to own the same interest in Voltyre-Prom, subject to the terms of the Agreement and the Shareholders’ Agreement. Titan has retained the right to buy back the Titan shares from RDIF for $25 million until February 12, 2022, the three-year anniversary of the signing of the Agreement, and, if the stock buyback is consummated within the first year of the closing under the Agreement at the time of such buyback, RDIF would be required to convey to Titan, based on current ownership, a 10.71% interest in Voltyre-Prom, resulting in RDIF reducing its interest in Voltyre-Prom from 35.7% to 25%.

On January 8, 2019, the Company received notification of exercise of the put option from OEP. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company made a payment to OEP in the amount of $16.0 million representing the majority of the interest on the amount due to OEP with respect to the put option. On July 30, 2019, Titan Luxembourg S.à r.l. (the “Titan Purchaser”), a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a sale purchase agreement (the “OEP Agreement”) with subsidiaries of OEP, relating to the settlement put option under the Shareholders’ Agreement that was exercised by OEP. Pursuant to the terms of the OEP Agreement, on July 31, 2019, the Titan Purchaser paid to OEP $30.7 million in cash, which, together with the Titan Purchaser’s prior payment to OEP of $16.0 million during the second quarter of 2019, were made in full satisfaction of the settlement put option exercised by OEP under the Shareholders’ Agreement. Immediately following the closing, OEP ceased to have any ownership interests in, and the Titan Purchaser and RDIF owned 64.3% and 35.7%, respectively, of, Voltyre-Prom.

The following is a reconciliation of redeemable noncontrolling interest as of December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Balance at January 1, 2019	$	119,813
Reclassification as a result of Agreement regarding put option	(49,883)
Payment of redeemable noncontrolling interest	(46,722)
Loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	(819)
Currency translation	683
Redemption value adjustment	1,928
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	25,000

As of December 31, 2020, the value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest held by RDIF remained at $25 million, the value of the shares of restricted stock to be issued pursuant to the terms of the Agreement.

This obligation represents the value of the restricted shares of Titan common stock due to RDIF on December 31, 2020, and is presented in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in redeemable noncontrolling interest, which is treated as mezzanine equity.

F- 18

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

14. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

Accumulated other comprehensive loss consisted of the following at the dates set forth below (amounts in thousands):

	Currency Translation Adjustments		Loss on Derivatives		Unrecognized Losses and Prior Service Cost		Total
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	(175,794)	$	—	$	(27,777)	$	(203,571)
Currency translation adjustments	(10,510)				—		(10,510)
Defined benefit pension plan entries:
Amortization of unrecognized losses and prior service cost, net of tax of $133	—				6,566		6,566
Reclassification as result of ownership change	(6,203)				—		(6,203)
Reclassification from AOCI to retained earnings - adoption of ASU 2018-02	—				(4,933)		(4,933)
Balance at December 31, 2019	(192,507)		—		(26,144)		(218,651)
Currency translation adjustments	(1,644)				—		(1,644)
Defined benefit pension plan entries:
Amortization of unrecognized losses and prior service cost, net of tax of $43	—				3,454		3,454
Derivative loss	—		(413)		—		(413)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	(194,151)	$	(413)	$	(22,690)	$	(217,254)

15. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The Company did not repurchase any shares of Titan common stock in 2020, 2019, or 2018.  The Company records treasury stock using the cost method. On June 11, 2020, the Board of Directors unanimously approved the suspension of the Company’s quarterly common stock dividend until further notice. Titan paid aggregate cash dividends of $.005 per share of common stock for the first quarter of 2020 and then the Company's quarterly stock dividend was suspended for the remainder of 2020. Titan paid $.02 per share in 2019 and 2018.  Dividends declared totaled $0.3 million for 2020 and $1.2 million for 2019 and 2018.

16. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The Company holds a variable interest in two joint ventures for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Both of the joint ventures operate distribution facilities that primarily distribute mining products. Titan is the 50% owner of one of these distribution facilities, which is located in Canada, and the 40% owner of the other such facility, which is located in Australia. The Company’s variable interests in these two joint ventures relate to sales of Titan product to these entities, consigned inventory, and working capital loans. Titan also is party to a joint venture that is the consortium that owns Voltyre-Prom, of which Titan originally was a 43% owner. On July 31, 2019, Titan purchased additional shares resulting in Titan having a 64.3% ownership in the consortium and the joint venture became a majority owned entity and is no longer a variable interest entity. See Note 13 for additional information.

The Company also held a variable interest in two other entities for which Titan was the primary beneficiary. Each of these entities provided specific manufacturing related services at the Company's Tennessee facility. Titan's variable interest in these entities relates to financial support to the entities through providing many of the assets used by these entities in their business. The Company owns no equity in these entities. In March 2020, the Company delivered a notice of termination of the supply agreement with these entities and the Company no longer holds a variable interest in them.

As the primary beneficiary of these variable interest entities (VIEs), the VIEs’ assets, liabilities, and results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of, and for the year ended, December 31, 2020. The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in “Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and “Noncontrolling interests” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

F- 19

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of the VIEs’ assets and liabilities included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,431	$	2,190
Inventory	971		1,070
Other current assets	2,156		1,027
Property, plant, and equipment, net	1,253		1,327
Other noncurrent assets	—		—
Total assets	$	5,811	$	5,614
Current liabilities	557		1,110
Noncurrent liabilities	1,899		579
Total liabilities	$	2,456	$	1,689

All assets in the above table can only be used to settle obligations of the consolidated VIE to which the respective assets relate. Liabilities are non-recourse obligations. Amounts presented in the table above are adjusted for intercompany eliminations.

The Company holds a variable interest in certain VIEs which are not consolidated because Titan is not the primary beneficiary. The Company's involvement with these entities is in the form of direct equity interests and prepayments and purchases of materials. The maximum exposure to loss represents the loss of assets recognized by Titan relating to non-consolidated entities and amounts due to the non-consolidated assets. The assets and liabilities recognized in Titan's Consolidated Balance Sheets related to Titan's interest in these non-consolidated VIEs and the Company's maximum exposure to loss relating to non-consolidated VIEs were as follows at December 31, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019
Investments	$	5,623	$	4,973
Other current assets	—		—
Total VIE assets	5,623		4,973
Accounts payable	3,377		2,006
Maximum exposure to loss	$	9,000	$	6,979

F- 20

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

17. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

ASC 820 Fair Value Measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers are defined as:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

Fair value, nonrecurring, Level 2 and 3 measurements from impairments consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):

	Fair Value
	Level 2		Level 3		Impairment Charges
	December 31, 2020				2020
Property, plant and equipment	$	1,874	$	—	$	13,793
Customer relationship	—		—		6,023
Total	$	1,874	$	—	$	19,816
Inventory impairment (1)					1,007
Total					$	20,823

(1) As part of the closure of the Saltville, Virginia wheel operations, the Company recorded an inventory impairment charge of $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

The fair value measurements and impairment charges shown above for property, plant and equipment pertain to certain machinery and equipment located at Titan Tire Reclamation Corporation (TTRC) in Canada as a result of market declines. See Note 19 for additional information for the impairment of the property, plant and equipment for TTRC and impairment of the customer relationships intangible asset.

F- 21

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

18. ASSET IMPAIRMENT

On September 21, 2017, a fire occurred at a facility of Titan Tire Reclamation Corporation (TTRC), a subsidiary of the Company, located in Fort McMurray, AB.  The TTRC facility contains six thermal vacuum recovery (TVR) units, which are large, contained capsules used to recycle large mining tires.  The fire started within one of the TVR units and was contained to a building housing three of the TVR units. As a result of the damage caused by the fire, Titan recorded an asset impairment of $9.9 million. Titan carries both casualty and property insurance for its facilities and equipment, as well as business interruption insurance. The asset impairment amount was partially offset by an initial insurance advance received in the amount of $1.6 million. The Company received additional insurance proceeds during 2020 totaling $8.6 million which is recorded in other income line item within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 21 for further detail.

The Company recorded a $13.8 million asset impairment charge during the year ended December 31, 2020 related to certain machinery and equipment located at TTRC as a result of market declines, which indicated the remaining book value of the equipment is more than the fair market value. The TTRC asset impairment charge is recorded in cost of sales line item in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $6.0 million related to the customer relationships intangible asset in Australia as a result of attrition of several customers since the business was initially acquired in 2012. This impairment charge is recorded in the selling, general and administrative expenses line item in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

19. RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

As part of the North American and Corporate Restructuring plan, which was approved in the second quarter of 2020, certain positions have been eliminated to continue ongoing operational improvement initiatives designed to prioritize resource allocation, reduce costs and drive profitability for the Company on a global basis.

The Company incurred $1.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2020, respectively, for severance costs related to the rationalization of certain Corporate and European positions. The Company paid the severance amounts during the third and fourth quarters of 2020. The severance costs are primarily recorded in cost of sales line item in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

As part of the closure of the Saltville, Virginia wheel operations, the Company recorded an inventory impairment charge of $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company expects the closure of Saltville, Virginia wheel operations to be completed by the first half of 2021. The inventory impairment charge is included in cost of sales in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

20. ROYALTY EXPENSE

The Company has trademark license agreements with The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company to manufacture and sell certain farm tires under the Goodyear name.  These agreements cover sales in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Russia, and other Commonwealth of Independent States countries. Each of these agreements is scheduled to expire in 2025. Royalty expenses recorded for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, were $9.7 million, $9.9 million, and $10.1 million, respectively.

F- 22

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

21. OTHER INCOME

Other income consisted of the following for the years set forth below (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019		2018
Gain on property insurance settlement (1)	$	8,600	$	—	$	—
Gain on sale of Brownsville, Texas facility	4,855		—		—
Building rental income	2,336		1,697		1,804
Equity investment income	720		2,394		3,993
Gain on sale of assets	440		871		428
Investment gain related to investments for deferred compensation	—		—		687
(Loss) gain on sale of Wheels India Limited shares	(703)		4,695		—
Other (expense) income	2,551		(1,264)		10,179
	$	18,799	$	8,393	$	17,091

(1) The gain on property insurance settlement relates to the receipt of insurance proceeds for the year ended December 31, 2020 for a 2017 fire that occurred at a facility of TTRC, a subsidiary of the Company, located in Fort McMurray in Alberta, Canada.

22. INCOME TAXES

(Loss) income before income taxes, consisted of the following for the years set forth below (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019		2018
Domestic	$	(36,761)	$	(52,234)	$	(298)
Foreign	(21,370)		4,190		20,105
	$	(58,131)	$	(48,044)	$	19,807

The income tax provision was as follows for the years set forth below (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019		2018
Current
Federal	$	(4,050)	$	(4,599)	$	(2,379)
State	326		622		(65)
Foreign	13,677		9,752		11,497
	9,953		5,775		9,053
Deferred
Federal	—		—		—
State	—		—		—
Foreign	(3,007)		(2,300)		(2,291)
	(3,007)		(2,300)		(2,291)
Income tax provision	$	6,946	$	3,475	$	6,762

F- 23

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The income tax provision differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to pre-tax (loss) income as a result of the following:

	2020		2019		2018
Statutory U.S. federal tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
Unrecognized tax positions	5.9		6.1		(12.4)
Impact of foreign income	(8.2)		(2.2)		(8.8)
Valuation allowance	(38.4)		(29.0)		(0.2)
State taxes, net	(0.7)		(0.9)		0.3
Nondeductible royalty	(1.2)		(1.5)		3.8
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act	—		—		26.6
Sale of investment	8.7		—		—
Other, net	1.0		(0.7)		3.8
Effective tax rate	(11.9)	%	(7.2)	%	34.1	%

The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2020, was (11.9)% compared to (7.2)% for the year ended December 31, 2019. For 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded a pre-tax loss and had a negative effective tax rate which represents tax expense in the consolidated financial statements.

In jurisdictions where the Company operates its businesses, management analyzes the ability to utilize its deferred tax assets arising from losses in its cyclical business.  The Company continues to record a valuation allowance in several jurisdictions, including the U.S., various U.S. states, Italy, Australia, and Luxembourg as these amounts remain more likely than not that the deferred tax assets would not be utilized. The Company recorded a valuation allowance of $22.3 million and $13.9 million on the net deferred tax asset in 2020 and 2019, respectively.  This amount is primarily related to net operating losses generated from operations in these certain countries.

The Company is involved in various tax matters, for some of which the outcome is uncertain. The Company believes that it has adequate tax reserves to address open tax matters acknowledging that the outcome and timing of these events are uncertain.

F- 24

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.  Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2020 and 2019, were as follows (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	151,597	$	129,599
Pension	3,904		5,026
Inventory	6,758		6,673
Warranty	5,648		4,004
Employee benefits and related costs	9,819		8,255
Prepaid royalties	3,755		4,092
Interest limitation	16,067		11,067
Lease liability	7,734		7,164
Other	19,633		17,847
Deferred tax assets	224,915		193,727
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets	(15,603)		(21,846)
Intangible assets	(1,012)		(3,136)
Lease assets	(7,759)		(7,047)
Other	(2,669)		(1,359)
Deferred tax liabilities	(27,043)		(33,388)
Subtotal	197,872		160,339
Valuation allowance	(199,176)		(164,680)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(1,304)	$	(4,341)

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, certain tax loss carryforwards of $151.6 million and $129.6 million were available with $3.3 million expiring between 2020 and 2025 and $148.3 million expiring after 2025. At December 31, 2020, a valuation allowance of $199.2 million has been established. The net change in the valuation allowance was $34.5 million and $13.1 million for 2020 and 2019, respectively. The majority of the valuation allowance is related to deferred tax assets in the U.S., Italy, Australia, and Luxembourg.

The Company has $193.2 million of Federal net operating loss carryforward, a portion of which expires starting in 2034. Additionally, the Company has $299.1 million of state net operating losses and $378.1 million of foreign loss carryforwards.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act included a number of changes in existing tax law impacting businesses, including a one-time deemed repatriation of cumulative undistributed foreign earnings and a permanent reduction in the U.S. federal statutory rate from 35% to 21%, effective on January 1, 2018. Under U.S. GAAP, changes in tax rates and tax law are accounted for in the period of enactment and deferred tax assets and liabilities are re-measured at the enacted tax rate. The re-measured U.S. net deferred asset was fully offset by a change in the valuation allowance.  The Company’s net cumulative undistributed foreign earnings were a cumulative loss and therefore no additional income tax expense related to the one-time deemed repatriation toll charge was recorded in 2017.

As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the Company can repatriate future foreign earnings back to the U.S. when needed with minimal additional taxes other than state income and foreign withholding tax.  The Company has not changed its indefinite reinvestment assertion in light of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and has not accrued any potential incremental taxes which could be incurred if any foreign earnings are repatriated. The Company has not calculated the potential foreign withholding taxes as the Company does not expect to repatriate those earnings.

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government passed the CARES Act (the "CARES Act"), which provides tax relief to assist

companies dealing with the effects of COVID-19. The Company does not expect the impact of the CARES Act to be material to

the Company’s financial position or results of operations, except for the deferral of Social Security payroll taxes, which will

F- 25

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

benefit the Company's operating cash flows through the end of calendar year 2020.

On December 27, 2020 the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 (“the Appropriations Act”) was signed into law. The Appropriations Act, among other things includes provisions related to the deductibility of PPP expenses paid with PPP loan proceeds, payroll tax credits, modifications to the meals and entertainment deduction, increased limitations on charitable deductions for corporate taxpayers, and enhancements of expiring tax “extender” provisions. The Company has completed its assessment of the impact of the legislation, and there is no significant impact to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S., Federal and State, and various foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s major locations are in the U.S., Italy, Australia, Russia, and Brazil. Open tax years for the U.S. are from 2017-2020, for Italy open tax years are from 2015-2020, and for Russia open tax years are from 2017-2020. Australia has open tax years from 2016-2020 and Brazil has open tax years from 2014-2020.

The Company has applied the provisions of ASC 740, “Income Taxes” related to unrecognized tax benefits. At December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, the unrecognized tax benefits were $0.8 million, $4.5 million, and $8.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, $0.8 million of unrecognized tax benefits would have affected income tax expense if the tax benefits were recognized. The majority of the accrual in unrecognized tax benefits relates to potential state tax exposures. Although management cannot predict with any degree of certainty the timing of ultimate resolution of matters under review by various taxing jurisdictions, it is possible that the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits balance will decrease by approximately $0.6 million within the next twelve months.

A reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31 were as follows (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019		2018
Balance at January 1	$	4,097	$	7,406	$	9,365
Increases to tax positions taken during the current year	—		—		19
Increases to tax positions taken during the prior years	13		973		—
Decreases to tax positions taken during prior years	—		(350)		(1,336)
Decreases due to lapse of statutes of limitations	(3,099)		(3,429)		(637)
Settlements	—		(506)		—
Foreign exchange	1		3		(5)
Balance at December 31	$	1,012	$	4,097	$	7,406

The Company accrues interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The amount of interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits recorded in income tax expense was $(1.1) million, $(1.0) million, and $(0.5) million at December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. The reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits above does not include accrued interest and penalties of $0.3 million, $1.4 million, and $2.4 million, at December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

23. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Pension plans

The Company has three frozen defined benefit pension plans covering certain employees or former employees of three U.S. subsidiaries. The Company also has pension plans covering certain employees of several foreign subsidiaries. The Company’s policy is to fund pension costs as required by law, which is consistent with the funding requirements of federal laws and regulations. Certain foreign subsidiaries maintain unfunded pension plans consistent with local practices and requirements.

The Company’s recorded liability for pensions is based on a number of assumptions, including discount rates, rates of return on investments, mortality rates, and other factors.  Certain of these assumptions are determined by the Company with the assistance of outside actuaries.  Assumptions are based on past experience and anticipated future trends.  These assumptions are reviewed on a regular basis and revised when appropriate. In 2020, the Company changed the assumptions related to the mortality projection scale to better reflect anticipated plan experience and adjusted the discount rate to reflect market conditions as of the measurement date.

F- 26

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table provides the change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets, funded status, and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet of the defined benefit pension plans as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Change in benefit obligation:	2020		2019
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	113,559	$	108,513
Plan amendments	—		(1,087)
Service cost	801		765
Interest cost	3,496		4,385
Actuarial assumption changes	5,589		—
Actuarial loss	1,237		9,114
Benefits paid	(8,634)		(8,516)
Foreign currency translation	(1,108)		385
Benefit obligation at end of year	$	114,940	$	113,559
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	81,375	$	72,496
Actual return on plan assets	12,749		15,446
Employer contributions	3,433		1,943
Benefits paid	(7,740)		(8,516)
Foreign currency translation	(73)		6
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$	89,744	$	81,375
Unfunded status at end of year	$	(25,196)	$	(32,184)
Amounts recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Noncurrent assets	$	1,740	$	1,016
Current liabilities	(1,529)		(2,120)
Noncurrent liabilities	(25,407)		(31,080)
Net amount recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	(25,196)	$	(32,184)

The change in the benefit obligation was mainly driven by the benefits paid from the plans and negative impact of foreign currency translation due to unfavorable exchange rates offset by actuarial losses and interest costs positively impacting the benefit obligation. The change in the benefit obligation was favorably impacted by the actuarial assumption changes primarily related to discount rate and mortality projection scale table to better reflect the market conditions and anticipated plan experience.

The pension benefit obligation included $96.8 million of pension benefit obligation for the three frozen plans in the U.S. and $18.1 million of pension benefit obligation for plans at foreign subsidiaries. The fair value of plan assets included $88.4 million of plan assets for the three frozen plans in the U.S. and $1.3 million of plan assets for foreign plans.

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss:
	2020		2019
Unrecognized prior service cost	$	779	$	1,087
Unrecognized net loss	(33,877)		(38,183)
Deferred tax effect of unrecognized items	11,181		10,952
Net amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(21,917)	$	(26,144)

The weighted-average assumptions used in the actuarial computation that derived the benefit obligations at December 31 were as follows:	2020		2019
Discount rate	2.5	%	3.2	%
Expected long-term return on plan assets	7.0	%	6.9	%

F- 27

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table provides the components of net periodic pension cost for the plans, settlement cost, and the assumptions used in the measurement of the Company’s benefit obligation for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (amounts in thousands):

Components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)
Net periodic benefit cost:	2020		2019		2018
Service cost	$	801	$	765	$	626
Interest cost	3,496		4,385		4,330
Assumed return on assets	(5,463)		(4,737)		(5,959)
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost	(69)		49		137
Amortization of net unrecognized loss	2,840		3,238		2,784
Net periodic pension cost	$	1,605	$	3,700	$	1,918

Service cost is recorded as cost of sales in the Consolidated Statement of Operations while all other components are recorded in other income.

The weighted-average assumptions used in the actuarial computation that derived net periodic pension cost for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 were as follows:

	2020		2019		2018
Discount rate	3.6	%	5.0	%	5.3	%
Expected long-term return on plan assets	6.9	%	6.9	%	7.4	%

The allocation of the fair value of plan assets was as follows:

	Percentage of Plan Assets at December 31,				Target Allocation
Asset Category	2020		2019		2020
U.S. equities (a)	61	%	62	%	40% - 80%
Fixed income	20	%	22	%	20% - 50%
Cash and cash equivalents	10	%	7	%	0% - 20%
International equities (a)	7	%	7	%	0% - 16%
REITs	2	%	2	%
	100	%	100	%

(a)Total equities may not exceed 80% of total plan assets.

The majority of the Company's foreign plans do not have plan assets. The foreign plans which have plan assets holds these plan assets in an insurance or money market fund.

F- 28

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The fair value of the plan assets by asset categories consisted of the following as of the dates set forth below (amounts in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2020
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market funds	$	8,916	$	8,916	$	—	$	—
Common stock	35,951		35,951		—		—
Bonds and securities	3,638		3,638		—		—
Mutual and insurance funds	41,239		40,410		829		—
Totals	$	89,744	$	88,915	$	829	$	—
Assets measured at net asset value (a)	—
	$	89,744

	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2019
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market funds	$	5,453	$	5,453	$	—	$	—
Common stock	33,675		33,675		—		—
Bonds and securities	4,592		4,592		—		—
Mutual and insurance funds	37,655		36,656		999		—
Totals	$	81,375	$	80,376	$	999	$	—
Assets measured at net asset value (a)	—
	$	81,375

(a)Assets measured at net asset value consist of common / collective trusts.

The Company invests in a diversified portfolio consisting of an array of asset classes in an attempt to maximize returns while minimizing risk.  These asset classes include U.S. equities, fixed income, cash and cash equivalents, international equities and REITs.  The investment objectives are to provide for the growth and preservation of plan assets on a long-term basis through investments in: investment grade securities that provide investment returns that meet or exceed the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and investment grade fixed income securities that provide investment returns that meet or exceed the Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index.  The U.S. equities asset category included the Company’s common stock in the amount of $0.8 million (approximately one of total plan assets) at December 31, 2020, and $0.6 million (approximately one of total plan assets) at December 31, 2019.

The fair value of money market funds, stock, bonds, U.S. government securities and mutual funds is determined based on valuation for identical instruments in active markets.

The long-term rate of return for plan assets is determined using a weighted-average of long-term historical approximate returns on cash and cash equivalents, fixed income securities, and equity securities considering the anticipated investment allocation within the plans.  The expected return on plan assets is anticipated to be 7.0% over the long-term.  This rate assumes long-term historical returns of approximately 8.5% for equities and approximately 4.0% for fixed income securities using the plans’ target allocation percentages.  Professional investment firms, none of which are Titan employees, manage the plan assets.

Although the 2021 minimum pension funding calculations are not finalized, the Company estimates those funding requirements will be approximately $3.2 million.

F- 29

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Projected benefit payments from the plans as of December 31, 2020, are estimated as follows (amounts in thousands):

2021	$	9,180
2022	8,088
2023	8,032
2024	7,889
2025	7,669
2026-2030	35,111

401(k)/Defined contribution plans

The Company sponsors two 401(k) retirement savings plans in the U.S. and a number of defined contribution plans at foreign subsidiaries.  One U.S. plan is for the benefit of substantially all employees who are not covered by a collective bargaining arrangement.  Titan provides a 50% matching contribution in the form of the Company’s common stock on the first 6% of the employee’s contribution in this plan.  The Company issued 653,211 shares, 266,121 shares and 54,517 shares of treasury stock in connection with this 401(k) plan during 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.  Expenses to the Company related to this common stock matching contribution were $1.2 million, $1.2 million, and $0.6 million for 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. The other U.S. 401(k) plan is for employees covered by collective bargaining agreements and does not include a Company matching contribution. Expenses related to foreign defined contribution plans were $3.7 million, $3.9 million, and $4.1 million for 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

24. STOCK COMPENSATION

The Company recorded stock compensation of $2.5 million, $1.5 million, and $1.1 million in 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.  Options to the Board of Directors vest immediately. All options outstanding at December 31, 2020 are scheduled to expire 10 years from the grant date. The restricted stock awards vest over a period of three years.

2005 Equity Incentive Plan

The Company adopted the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan to provide stock compensation as a means of attracting and retaining qualified independent directors and employees for the Company.  A total of 0.5 million shares are available for future issuance under the equity incentive plan at December 31, 2020.  The exercise price of stock options may not be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant.  The vesting and term of each option is set by the Board of Directors.  The Company granted no stock options under this plan in 2020, and 2019, and 80,000 stock options under this plan in 2018. The Company granted 1,026,946 restricted stock awards under this plan in 2020, 355,201 restricted stock awards under this plan in 2019 and 376,500 restricted stock awards under this plan in 2018.

Stock Options

The following is a summary of activity in stock options during the year ended December 31, 2020:

	Shares Subject to Option	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2019	861,738	$	16.79
Granted	—	—
Exercised	—	—
Forfeited/Expired	(201,038)	16.21
Outstanding, December 31, 2020	660,700	16.97		3.55	$	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2020	660,700	16.97		3.55	$	—

F- 30

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Additional Stock Option Information (all amounts in thousands, except for per share data):

	2020		2019		2018
Weighted-average fair value per share of stock options granted	$	—	$	—	$	5.85
Grant date fair value of stock options vested	—		—		468

No options were exercised in 2020, 2019 and 2018.  The Company currently uses treasury shares to satisfy any stock option exercises.  At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had 0.1 million and 0.4 million shares of treasury stock, respectively.

Valuation Assumptions

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of its stock options.  The determination of the fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant using option pricing models is affected by the Company’s stock price, as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables.  These variables include the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the expected term of the awards, actual and projected stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rates, and expected dividends.  The expected term of options represents the period of time over which options are expected to be outstanding and is estimated based on historical experience.  Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock calculated over the expected term of the option.  The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the date of grant.

Weighted average assumptions used for stock options issued in 2020, 2019, and 2018:

	2020		2019		2018
Expected life (in years)	0		0		6.0
Expected volatility	—	%	—	%	50.7	%
Expected dividends	—	%	—	%	0.2	%
Risk-free interest rate	—	%	—	%	2.88	%

Restricted Stock

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2019	585,071	$	5.52
Granted	1,026,946	1.80
Vested	(457,640)	4.54
Forfeited/Expired	(10,000)	9.16
Unvested at December 31, 2020	1,144,377	2.54

Pre-tax unrecognized compensation expense for unvested restricted stock was $1.7 million at December 31, 2020, and will be recognized as an expense over a weighted-average period of 1.2 years.

The fair value of restricted stock vested, based on the stock's fair value on the vesting date, was $1.3 million, $0.6 million, and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

F- 31

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

25. LITIGATION

The Company is a party to routine legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business. Due to the difficult nature of predicting unresolved and future legal claims, the Company cannot anticipate or predict the material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows as a result of efforts to comply with, or liabilities pertaining to, legal judgments.

At December 31, 2020, two of Titan’s subsidiaries were involved in litigation concerning environmental laws and regulations.

In June 2015, Titan Tire Corporation (Titan Tire) and Dico, Inc. (Dico) appealed an order from the U.S. District Court for the South District of Iowa granting the federal government’s motion for summary judgment that found Dico liable for violating the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrative Order and awarded response costs, civil penalties, and punitive damages.

In December 2015, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit reversed the District Court’s summary judgment order with respect to “arranger” liability for Titan Tire and Dico under CERCLA and the imposition of punitive damages against Dico for violating the EPA Administrative Order, but affirmed the summary judgment order imposing civil penalties in the amount of $1.62 million against Dico for violating the EPA Administrative Order. The case was remanded to the District Court for a new trial on the remaining issues.

The trial occurred in April 2017. On September 5, 2017, the District Court issued an order: (a) concluding Titan Tire and Dico arranged for the disposal of a hazardous substance in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 9607(a); (b) holding Titan Tire and Dico jointly and severally liable for $5.45 million in response costs previously incurred and reported by the United States relating to the alleged violation, including enforcement costs and attorney’s fees; and (c) awarding a declaratory judgment holding Titan Tire and Dico jointly and severally liable for all additional response costs previously incurred but not yet reported or to be incurred in the future, including enforcement costs and attorney’s fees. The District Court also held Dico liable for $5.45 million in punitive damages under 42 U.S.C. § 9607(c)(3) for violating a unilateral administrative order. The punitive damages award does not apply to Titan Tire. The Company accrued a contingent liability of $6.5 million, representing $5.45 million in costs incurred by the United States and $1.05 million of additional response costs, for this order in the quarter ended September 30, 2017.

Titan Tire and Dico appealed the case to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. On April 11, 2019, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed the District Court’s September 5, 2017, order. Thereafter, Dico and Titan Tire filed a petition for rehearing with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, which was denied in August 2019. As a result of the current judgment in favor of the United States, and pursuant to Iowa Code § 624.23, a judgment lien exists over Titan Tire’s real property in the State of Iowa. Titan Tire maintains a supersedeas bond in the amount of $6 million relating to the judgment.

During the third quarter of 2020, the Company accrued an incremental contingent legal accrual of $5.0 million related to the anticipated settlement of the Dico case. As of December 31, 2020, the $11.5 million contingent liability remained outstanding.

Following settlement negotiations with the U.S. federal government and the City of Des Moines, an agreement was reached in September 2020 which has been reduced to a Consent Decree that was executed by all parties on February 1, 2021. The Consent Decree prescribes total cash payments by Titan Tire to the federal government in the amount of $11.5 million, with $9.0 million due and payable within 30 days of the settlement becoming final, $1.5 million (plus interest at a rate of 2.22% per annum) due and payable within one year of the settlement becoming final and $1.0 million (plus interest at a rate of 2.22% per annum) due and payable within two years of the settlement becoming final. The Company made the payment to the federal government of $9.2 million including accrued interest on February 25, 2021 and is accrued within the other current liabilities line item within the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020. The remaining amounts due are accrued within the other long-term liabilities line item within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

F- 32

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

26. LEASES

The Company leases certain buildings and equipment under both operating and finance leases.  Certain lease agreements provide for renewal options, fair value purchase options, and payment of property taxes, maintenance, and insurance by the Company. Under ASC 842, the Company made an accounting policy election, by class of underlying asset, not to separate non-lease components such as those previously stated from lease components and instead will treat the lease agreement as a single lease component for all asset classes. Operating right-of-use (ROU) assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent Titan's obligations to make lease payments arising from the lease. The majority of Titan's leases are operating leases. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of Titan's leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company used its incremental borrowing rate (6.79%), based on the information available at the lease commencement date, in determining the present value of lease payments. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Amortization expense associated with finance leases is included in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses, and interest expense associated with finance leases is included in interest expense in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Short-term operating leases, which have an initial term of twelve months or less, are not recorded on the balance sheet.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (amounts in thousands):

	Balance Sheet Classification	2020
Operating lease ROU assets	Operating lease assets	$	24,356
Operating lease current liabilities	Other current liabilities	$	7,533
Operating lease long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities	17,137
Total operating lease liabilities		$	24,670
Finance lease, gross	Property, plant & equipment, net	$	6,785
Finance lease accumulated depreciation	Property, plant & equipment, net	(3,279)
Finance lease, net		$	3,506
Finance lease current liabilities	Other current liabilities	$	608
Finance lease long-term liabilities	Other long-term liabilities	2,072
Total finance lease liabilities		$	2,680

At December 31, 2020, maturity of lease liabilities were as follows (amounts in thousands):

	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2021	$	9,241	$	1,051
2022	7,174		1,000
2023	4,796		739
2024	2,494		307
2025	1,266		103
Thereafter	3,186		39
Total future minimum lease payments	$	28,157	$	3,239
Less imputed interest	3,487		559
	$	24,670	$	2,680
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	4.22		3.36

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for year ended December 31, 2020 were as follows: operating cash flows from operating leases were $8.7 million and operating cash flows from finance leases were $0.3 million.

F- 33

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

27. PURCHASE OBLIGATIONS

At December 31, 2020, the Company's expected cash outflow resulting from non-cancellable purchase obligations are summarized by year in the table below (amounts in thousands):

2021	$	13,504
2022	2,384
2023	661
2024	433
Total non-cancellable purchase obligations	$	16,982

28. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company sells products and pays commissions to companies controlled by persons related to the Chairman of the Company, Mr. Maurice Taylor.  The related party is Mr. Fred Taylor, who is Mr. Maurice Taylor’s brother.  The companies which Mr. Fred Taylor is associated with that do business with Titan include the following:  Blacksmith OTR, LLC; F.B.T. Enterprises; Green Carbon, Inc; Silverstone, Inc.; and OTR Wheel Engineering, Inc.  During 2020, 2019, and 2018, sales of Titan product to these companies were approximately $0.7 million, $1.1 million, and $1.2 million, respectively.  Titan had trade receivables due from these companies of approximately $0.0 million and $0.1 million at December 31, 2020, and 2019.  On other sales referred to Titan from these manufacturing representative companies, commissions were approximately $1.3 million, $1.5 million, and $1.7 million during 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Titan had purchases from these companies of approximately$0.0 million, $0.0 million, and $0.4 million during 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

In July 2013, the Company entered into a Shareholders’ Agreement with OEP and RDIF to acquire Voltyre-Prom. Mr. Richard M. Cashin Jr., a director of the Company, is the President of OEP, which owned 21.4% of the joint venture at June 30, 2019.  The Shareholders’ Agreement contained a settlement put option which potentially required the Company to purchase equity interests in the joint venture from OEP and RDIF at a value set by the agreement. On January 8, 2019, the Company received notification of exercise of the put option from OEP. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company made a payment to OEP in the amount of $16 million representing the majority of the interest on the amount due to OEP. On July 30, 2019, the Titan Purchaser entered into the OEP Agreement with subsidiaries of OEP, relating to the settlement put option under the Shareholders’ Agreement that was exercised by OEP. Pursuant to the terms of the OEP Agreement, on July 31, 2019, the Titan Purchaser paid to OEP $30.7 million in cash, which, together with the Titan Purchaser’s prior payment to OEP of $16 million during the second quarter of 2019, were made in full satisfaction of the settlement put option exercised by OEP under the Shareholders’ Agreement. Immediately following the closing, OEP ceased to have any ownership interests in, and the Titan Purchaser and RDIF owned 64.3% and 35.7%, respectively, of, Voltyre-Prom. See Note 13 for additional information.

In July of 2018, a deferred compensation obligation with the Chairman of the Company, Mr. Maurice Taylor, was paid through the transfer of $14.3 million of assets held in a trust.

29. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

The Company has aggregated its operating units into reportable segments based on its three customer markets: agricultural, earthmoving/construction, and consumer.  These segments are based on the information used by the chief executive officer to make certain operating decisions, allocate portions of capital expenditures and assess segment performance.  The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies.”  Segment external revenues, expenses, and income from operations are determined on the basis of the results of operations of operating units of manufacturing facilities.  Segment assets are generally determined on the basis of the tangible assets located at such operating units’ manufacturing facilities and the intangible assets associated with the acquisitions of such operating units.  However, certain operating units’ goodwill and property, plant, and equipment balances are carried at the corporate level.

Titan is organized primarily on the basis of products being included in three marketing segments, with each reportable segment including wheels, tires, wheel/tire assemblies, and undercarriage systems and components.

F- 34

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The table below presents information about certain operating results of segments as reviewed by the chief operating decision maker of the Company as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019		2018
Revenues from external customers
Agricultural	$	634,652	$	652,558	$	694,268
Earthmoving/construction	510,150		648,753		741,733
Consumer	114,511		147,355		166,407
	$	1,259,313	$	1,448,666	$	1,602,408
Gross profit
Agricultural	$	65,408	$	55,971	$	94,217
Earthmoving/construction	37,885		57,678		80,056
Consumer	11,026		15,355		23,993
	$	114,319	$	129,004	$	198,266
Income (loss) from operations
Agricultural	$	9,838	$	10,991	$	62,065
Earthmoving/construction	(21,620)		(1,892)		31,141
Consumer	1,085		1,849		11,994
Corporate & Unallocated	(24,654)		(39,380)		(62,956)
Income (loss) from operations	(35,351)		(28,432)		42,244
Interest expense	(30,554)		(33,137)		(30,456)
Foreign exchange gain (loss)	(11,025)		3,999		(11,179)
Other income, net	18,799		9,526		19,198
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(58,131)	$	(48,044)	$	19,807
Capital expenditures
Agricultural	$	10,869	$	16,500	$	15,770
Earthmoving/construction	8,859		16,229		19,889
Consumer	1,952		3,685		3,334
Corporate & Unallocated	—		—		7
	$	21,680	$	36,414	$	39,000
Depreciation & amortization
Agricultural	$	26,534	$	23,478	$	26,299
Earthmoving/construction	21,328		23,235		23,823
Consumer	4,785		5,277		5,129
Corporate & Unallocated	2,008		2,386		2,367
	$	54,655	$	54,376	$	57,618
Total assets
Agricultural	$	444,843	$	423,955	$	464,828
Earthmoving/construction	478,264		496,988		543,927
Consumer	86,752		123,320		129,994
Corporate & Unallocated (a)	22,025		70,044		112,507
	$	1,031,884	$	1,114,307	$	1,251,256

(a)  Unallocated assets included cash of approximately $13 million, $9 million, and $32 million at year-end 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively.

F- 35

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The table below presents information by geographic area.  Revenues from external customers were determined based on the location of the selling subsidiary.  Geographic information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 was as follows (amounts in thousands):

	2020		2019		2018
Net Sales
United States	$	583,400	$	672,556	$	711,887
Europe / CIS	343,452		400,059		469,322
Latin America	218,258		254,375		271,374
Other international	114,203		121,676		149,825
	$	1,259,313	$	1,448,666	$	1,602,408
Long-Lived Assets
United States	$	103,748	$	121,022	$	137,410
Europe / CIS	163,265		162,817		165,827
Latin America	38,531		50,358		52,393
Other international	14,310		33,398		29,242
	$	319,854	$	367,595	$	384,872

30. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings per share for 2020, 2019, and 2018 were as follows (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

	2020		2019		2018
Net (loss) income attributable to Titan	$	(60,388)	$	(48,425)	$	16,087
Redemption value adjustment	—		(1,928)		(12,207)
Net (loss) income applicable to common shareholders	$	(60,388)	$	(50,353)	$	3,880
Determination of Shares:
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic)	60,818		60,100		59,820
Effect of stock options/trusts	—		—		89
Weighted average shares outstanding (diluted)	60,818		60,100		59,909
Earnings per share:
Basic and Diluted	$	(0.99)	$	(0.84)	$	0.06

The effect of stock options/trusts has been excluded for 2020 and 2019, as the effect would have been antidilutive. The weighted average share amount excluded for stock options/trusts was 0.4 million shares and 0.0 million shares for 2020 and 2019, respectively.

31. SUBSIDIARY GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The Company's 6.50% senior secured notes due 2023 are guaranteed by the following 100% owned subsidiaries of the Company: Titan Tire Corporation, Titan Tire Corporation of Bryan, Titan Tire Corporation of Freeport, and Titan Wheel Corporation of Illinois. The note guarantees are full and unconditional, joint and several obligations of the guarantors. The guarantees of the guarantor subsidiaries are subject to release in limited circumstances only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions. The following condensed consolidating financial statements are presented using the equity method of accounting. Certain sales & marketing expenses recorded by non-guarantor subsidiaries have not been allocated to the guarantor subsidiaries.

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TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Statements of Operations Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Net sales	$	—	$	526,499	$	1,261,019	$	(528,205)	$	1,259,313
Cost of sales	821		474,191		1,183,387		(528,205)		1,130,194
Asset impairment	1,007		—		13,793		—		14,800
Gross (loss) profit	(1,828)		52,308		63,839		—		114,319
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	24,291		10,682		95,969		—		130,942
Research and development expenses	859		2,885		5,269		—		9,013
Royalty expense	2,844		3,473		3,398		—		9,715
(Loss) income from operations	(29,822)		35,268		(40,797)		—		(35,351)
Interest expense	(28,144)		(12)		(2,398)		—		(30,554)
Intercompany interest income (expense)	2,071		2,225		(4,296)		—		—
Foreign exchange loss	—		(905)		(10,120)		—		(11,025)
Other income (expense)	865		(248)		18,182		—		18,799
(Loss) income before income taxes	(55,030)		36,328		(39,429)		—		(58,131)
(Benefit) provision for income taxes	(3,509)		334		10,121		—		6,946
Equity in (loss) earnings of subsidiaries	(13,556)		—		18,097		(4,541)		—
Net (loss) income	(65,077)		35,994		(31,453)		(4,541)		(65,077)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		—		(4,689)		—		(4,689)
Net (loss) income attributable to Titan	$	(65,077)	$	35,994	$	(26,764)	$	(4,541)	$	(60,388)

(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Net (loss) income	$	(65,077)	$	35,994	$	(31,453)	$	(4,541)	$	(65,077)
Derivative loss	(413)		—		(413)		413		(413)
Currency translation adjustment, net	(4,140)		—		(4,140)		4,140		(4,140)
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax	3,454		2,668		786		(3,454)		3,454
Comprehensive (loss) income	(66,176)		38,662		(35,220)		(3,442)		(66,176)
Net comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		—		(7,185)		—		(7,185)
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Titan	$	(66,176)	$	38,662	$	(28,035)	$	(3,442)	$	(58,991)

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TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Balance Sheets December 31, 2020
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Consolidated
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	10,998	$	4	$	106,429	$	—	$	117,431
Accounts receivable	—		1		193,013		—		193,014
Inventories	—		31,927		261,752		—		293,679
Prepaid and other current assets	3,955		16,842		33,678		—		54,475
Total current assets	14,953		48,774		594,872		—		658,599
Property, plant, and equipment, net	2,117		83,321		234,416		—		319,854
Investment in subsidiaries	610,405		—		71,326		(681,731)		—
Other long-term assets	1,865		5,503		46,063		—		53,431
Total assets	$	629,340	$	137,598	$	946,677	$	(681,731)	$	1,031,884
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Short-term debt	$	—	$	—	$	31,119	$	—	$	31,119
Accounts payable	3,409		19,584		144,217		—		167,210
Other current liabilities	21,158		23,091		87,133		—		131,382
Total current liabilities	24,567		42,675		262,469		—		329,711
Long-term debt	396,876		—		36,708		—		433,584
Other long-term liabilities	791		14,359		52,174		—		67,324
Intercompany accounts	(13,127)		(447,970)		461,097		—		—
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	—		—		25,000		—		25,000
Titan stockholders' equity	220,233		528,534		112,228		(681,731)		179,264
Noncontrolling interests	—		—		(2,999)		—		(2,999)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	629,340	$	137,598	$	946,677	$	(681,731)	$	1,031,884

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TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Statements of Cash Flows Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Consolidated
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	46,306	$	5,866	$	5,057	$	57,229
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(183)		(6,050)		(15,447)		(21,680)
Sale of Wheels India shares	—		—		32,852		32,852
Insurance proceeds	—		—		8,657		8,657
Other, net	283		—		13,109		13,392
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	100		(6,050)		39,171		33,221
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings	32,264		300		59,075		91,639
Payment on debt	(67,348)		(98)		(58,947)		(126,393)
Dividends paid	(603)		—		—		(603)
Other financing activities	(2,564)		(18)		(626)		(3,208)
Net cash (used for) provided by financing activities	(38,251)		184		(498)		(38,565)
Effect of exchange rate change on cash	—		—		(1,253)		(1,253)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	8,155		—		42,477		50,632
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	2,843		4		63,952		66,799
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	10,998	$	4	$	106,429	$	117,431

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TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

32. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On February 25, 2021, the Company amended and extended the credit and security agreement with respect to the $125 million revolving credit facility (credit facility) with agent BMO Harris Bank N.A. and other financial institutions party thereto. The amended credit facility was extended for one year with the new maturity occurring on February 16, 2023. The amount available to be borrowed under the amended credit facility was reduced to $100 million at the Company’s request to better align with the current borrowing base consisting of eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances at certain of its domestic subsidiaries. The amended credit facility can be expanded through an accordion provision within the agreement by up to $50 million. The amended agreement otherwise has terms substantially similar to those contained in the agreement prior to the amendment.

The Company made the payment to the federal government of $9.2 million including accrued interest on February 25, 2021 for the agreement reached on the Dico case. See Note 25 for additional information.

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing of this Form 10-K and determined that there have been no additional subsequent events that have occurred that would require adjustments to our disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

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TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

(Amounts in thousands)

Description	Balance at beginning of year		Additions to costs and expenses		Deductions		Balance at end of year
Year ended December 31, 2020
Reserve deducted in the balance sheet from the assets to which it applies
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	3,714	$	815	$	(747)	$	3,782
Year ended December 31, 2019
Reserve deducted in the balance sheet from the assets to which it applies
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	3,404	$	821	$	(511)	$	3,714
Year ended December 31, 2018
Reserve deducted in the balance sheet from the assets to which it applies
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	2,974	$	541	$	(111)	$	3,404

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