20-F 1 madeco.htm Madeco 2006 Annual Report on Form 20-F

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

 

[ ] REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

[x] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006

[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 1-11870

MADECO S.A.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

MADECO INC.

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Republic of Chile

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Ureta Cox 930, Santiago, Chile

(Address of principal executive offices)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act:

Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
American Depositary Shares representing Common Stock New York Stock Exchange
Common Stock, without par value New York Stock Exchange*

___________

* Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares which are evidenced by American Depositary Receipts.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

Not applicable

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

Not applicable

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

Common Stock, without par value………………………………. 5,541,192,887

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes [ ] No [x]

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes [ ] No [x]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes [x] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer [ ] Accelerated Filer [x] Non accelerated filer [ ]

Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17 [ ] Item 18 [x]

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes [ ] No [x]


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION                                                                                                                                                                                

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS                                                                                                                                                                               

REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION                                                                                                                                                                                       

PART I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

ITEM 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers                                                                                                                                              

ITEM 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable                                                                                                                                                                     

ITEM 3. Key Information                                                                                                                                                                                                        

ITEM 4. Information on the Company                                                                                                                                                                                    

ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects                                                                                                                                                         

ITEM 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees                                                                                                                                                       

ITEM 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions                                                                                                                                               

ITEM 8. Financial Information                                                                                                                                                                                              

ITEM 9. The Offer and Listing                                                                                                                                                                                             

ITEM 10. Additional Information                                                                                                                                                                                         

ITEM 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk                                                                                                                                 

ITEM 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities                                                                                                                                          

PART II

ITEM 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies                                                                                                                                                

ITEM 14. Material Modifications of the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds                                                                                                     

ITEM 15. Controls and Procedures                                                                                                                                                                                    

ITEM 16.                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

PART III

ITEM 17. Financial Statements                                                                                                                                                                                          

ITEM 18. Financial Statements                                                                                                                                                                                          

ITEM 19. Exhibits                                                                                                                                                                                                             



PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION

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Madeco S.A. is a sociedad anónima abierta (open stock corporation) organized under the laws of the Republic of Chile (“Chile”). In this Annual Report on Form 20-F (the “Annual Report”), unless otherwise specified, all references to “Madeco” or the “Company” are to Madeco S.A. together with its consolidated subsidiaries and references to “Madeco Chile” include only Madeco S.A. The fiscal year for the Company ends on December 31 of each year. Madeco prepares its financial statements in Chilean pesos (Ch$) and in conformity with Chilean generally accepted accounting principles, or “Chilean GAAP”. Chilean GAAP as applied to Madeco differs in certain important respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). See Note 32 to Madeco’s audited consolidated financial statements (together with the notes thereto, the “Consolidated Financial Statements”) for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 (with the exception of the Balance Sheet, which is included only as of December 31, 2005 and 2006), contained elsewhere in this Annual Report, for a description of the principal differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to the Company and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income or loss and total shareholders’ equity for the periods and as of the dates therein indicated. Unless otherwise specified, financial data for all periods included in the Consolidated Financial Statements and elsewhere throughout this Annual Report have been restated in constant Chilean pesos as of December 31, 2006 (which is further explained in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). For clarity of presentation, certain amounts represented in U.S. dollars and Chilean pesos, as well as percentages, have been rounded. As a result, certain totals may not directly reflect the sum of their components.

Madeco’s operations are organized into four business units: Wire & Cable, Brass Mills, Flexible Packaging and Aluminum Profiles. The following table sets forth the divisions within each business unit as well as the countries where Madeco maintains operations for each respective business:

 

Business Unit Divisions Countries of Operations
Wire & Cable Metallic Cable
Copper Rod
Optical Fiber (3)
Chile, Brazil, Peru, Argentina(1) and Colombia(2) Chile and Peru
Argentina
Brass Mills Pipes, Bars and Sheets (“PBS”) Coins and Sheets Chile and Argentina (1)
Chile
Flexible Packaging N/A Chile, Argentina and Peru(2)
Aluminum Profiles N/A Chile

(1) Certain facilities in the Wire & Cable business unit located in Argentina have been, on a non-continuous basis, partially reopened and the Brass Mills business unit facilities located in Argentina are operating at limited capacity. See “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company — History”.
(2) See “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company — Recent Developments”.
(3) See “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company — History”.

 

To facilitate an understanding of the Company’s activities and performance, information for a business unit may be presented by division. In each division, exports are defined as sales to customers in countries where the Company does not maintain operations for the corresponding business.

The Company uses the metric system of weights and measures in calculating its operating and financial data. A conversion table of the most common metric units used by the Company and their U.S. equivalent units is set forth below:
 

1 kilometer = 0.6214 miles 1 mile = 1.6093 kilometers
1 meter = 3.2808 feet 1 foot = 0.3048 meters
1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds 1 pound = 0.4536 kilograms
1 ton = 2,204.6 pounds  

 

This Annual Report contains various estimates by the Company of industry size, market share data and related sales volume information. These estimates are based principally on the Company’s analysis of available information, which includes: (i) the Company’s internal production and sales data; (ii) import and export reports made available by customs authorities; (iii) copper sales reports from Corporación Chilena del Cobre (the Chilean Copper Corporation, or “Cochilco”); (iv) import and export reports from central banks of the countries where the Company has operations; (v) production reports from the Company’s suppliers of copper rods; (vi) sales information filed publicly by some of the Company’s competitors; and (vii) information informally obtained from market participants and the Company’s suppliers. No third parties or other independent companies have provided estimates or confirmed the Company’s market share calculations and estimates. Sources that use methodologies, which are not identical to the Company’s, may produce different results.



                                                                    FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

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This Annual Report includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). These statements relate to analyses and other information, which are based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable. The statements also relate to the Company’s future prospects, development and business strategies.

These forward-looking statements are identified by the use of terms and phrases such as “anticipates”, “believes”, “could”, “designed to”, “estimates”, “expects”, “goal”, “intends”, “may”, “plans”, “predicts”, “projects”, “should”, “thinks”, “will” and similar terms and phrases. Actual results could differ materially from those expected by the Company, depending on the outcome of certain factors, including, without limitation:

Estimates Relating to the Company’s Capital Expenditures Plan. The Company reviews its capital investment program periodically and changes to the program are made as it believes is appropriate. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company will fully implement its capital expenditures plan and the actual amount of future capital expenditures will depend on a variety of factors. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Capital Expenditures” for a discussion of the Company’s expected future capital expenditures;

“Cost-plus” Pricing Policy. Although the Company intends to continue its cost-plus pricing policy, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to increase its selling prices in response to increases in the cost of raw materials in the future. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors”, “Item 4. Information on the Company — Raw Materials” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Fluctuations in LME Metal Prices and Exchange Rates between Currencies” for a discussion of the effects of fluctuations in the price of raw materials;

Competition. Although the Company believes it will continue to compete effectively in its markets and industries, no assurance can be given in this regard. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors” and “Item 4. Information on the Company — Business Overview” for a discussion of factors that could affect the Company’s ability to compete;

Dividends. The Company’s current dividend policy is subject to various factors, including those described under “Item 8. Financial Information — Dividend Policy” and “Item 4. Information of the Company – History and Developments of the Company — Recents Developments”;

Economic Developments in Argentina and other Latin America Countries. The economic deterioration in Argentina, which occurred in prior years, had materially adversely affected the Company. Adverse changes in any of the Latin American economies where the Company operates with respect to economic growth, currency devaluation, rates of inflation and other factors could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations. See “Item 3. Key Information — Selected Financial Data — Risk Factors” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Economic Overview”;

Political Developments in Latin America. Adverse changes in the political situations in countries where the Company operates, including, without limitation, political instability and reversal of market-oriented reforms or the failure of such reforms to achieve their goals, could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors”;

Developments in Domestic and International Markets. Adverse changes in the international markets for the Company’s products, including domestic markets where the Company maintain operations as well as other Latin American countries, Asia, the United States or Europe could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors”; and

Additional Factors. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors”, for a discussion of some of the additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected by the Company.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to release publicly the result of any revisions to these forward-looking statements which may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof, including, without limitation, changes in the Company’s business strategy or planned capital expenditures, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.



REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION

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Written requests for copies of this Annual Report should be directed to Madeco S.A., Ureta Cox 930, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile, Attention: Investor Relations. Facsimile requests may be directed to (56-2) 520-1545. Telephone requests may be directed to (56-2) 520-1380. E-mail requests may be directed to ir@madeco.cl. Additional information about the Company and its products can be found at www.madeco.cl. The contents of this website are not incorporated into this Annual Report.



 

PART I

 

ITEM 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

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Not applicable



ITEM 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

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Not applicable


ITEM 3. Key Information

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Selected Financial Data

The following table presents selected consolidated financial information for the Company as of the dates and for each of the periods indicated. This information should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company included elsewhere herein. The Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with Chilean GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provides a description of the principal differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to the Company and includes a reconciliation of net income or loss for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 and shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2005 and 2006 to U.S. GAAP.

For clarity of presentation, certain amounts represented in U.S. dollars and Chilean pesos, as well as percentages, have been rounded. As a result, certain totals may not directly reflect the sum of their components.

Financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 is presented below in constant pesos as of December 31, 2006.
 

  Year ended December 31,
  2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
  (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2006)
Income Statement Data (Chilean GAAP)          
Net sales 280,572 257,677 342,750 373,163 559,141
Operating income 4,383 8,085 26,630 28,425 51,766
Non-operating income 2,489 2,040 2,556 3,478 2,410
Non-operating expense (45,330) (27,862) (17,418) (14,597) (15,983)
Price-level restatement and currency translation (9,242) 1,886 (265) (2,810) (1,272)
Income tax 1,535 (1,727) (1,631) (1,498) (5,205)
Net income (loss) (43,973) (18,143) 9,004 12,267 30,204
           
  Year ended December 31,
  2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
  (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2006) (1)
Income Statement Data (U.S. GAAP)          
Net sales 276,258 253,325 338,767 372,920 559,141
Operating income (loss) (26,011) (3,897) 22,497 26,943 49,606
Non-operating income and expenses (18,052) (16,280) (10,074) (11,221) (10,044)
Income taxes 2,867 (638) (2,447) (839) (4,618)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations (48,086) (21,438) 9,655 14,367 34,041
Net income (loss) from discontinuing operations 297 121 478 (1) -
Net income (loss) (47,789) (21,316) 10,133 14,366 34,041
           
Per share (Chilean GAAP)          
Number of shares as of December 31 (in thousands) 405,511 4,120,088 4,441,193 5,348,390 5,541,193
Number of shares, weighted average (in thousands) 390,614 2,857,098 4,221,196 4,537,185 5,471,995
Net income (loss) per share (108.4) (4.4) 2.0 2.3 5.5
Net income (loss) per share, weighted average (112.6) (6.4) 2.1 2.7 5.5
Dividend per share in Ch$ (2) - - - - -
Dividend per ADS in US$ (2) - - - - -
           
Per share (U.S. GAAP)          
Earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations (US GAAP) (123.10) (7.50) 2.29 3.17 6.22
Earnings per share from discontinued operations (US GAAP) 0.76 0.04 0.11 - -
Earnings (loss) per share (US GAAP) (117.8) (5.2) 2.3 2.7 6.1
Earnings (loss) per share (US GAAP), weighted average (122.3) (7.5) 2.4 3.2 6.2
           
           
Balance Sheet Data (Chilean GAAP)          
Current assets 132,244 157,323 159,994 162,260 232,284
Fixed assets 220,305 176,464 158,946 147,906 147,948
Total assets 413,992 383,455 362,715 351,569 416,782
Current liabilities 196,446 85,131 67,288 70,951 80,243
Long-term liabilities 94,256 127,554 116,831 60,504 73,515
Total liabilities 290,702 212,685 184,119 131,455 153,759
Interest bearing debt 245,168 174,870 141,481 87,771 103,695
Minority interest 14,654 10,776 10,929 10,421 11,468
Total Shareholders’ equity 108,636 159,994 167,668 209,693 251,555
           
Balance Sheet Data (U.S. GAAP)          
Current assets 119,771 150,318 155,341 159,361 228,378
Property, plant and equipment, net 210,014 167,094 151,457 139,722 141,328
Other long-term assets 70,707 50,628 43,881 42,880 43,843
Total assets 400,492 368,040 350,679 341,963 413,549
Current liabilities 114,664 80,823 67,131 70,793 79,623
Long-term liabiliies 177,515 134,598 120,810 64,398 80,426
Total liabilities 292,179 215,421 187,941 135,191 160,049
Interest-bearing debt 245,168 174,870 141,481 87,771 103,695
Minority interest 14,654 10,777 10,509 10,065 11,163
Total Shareholders’ equity 93,660 141,841 152,230 196,707 242,337

(1) Except for per share data, which is presented in constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2006.
(2) The Company has not distributed dividends since May 10, 1999. Until May 2003, 1 ADS was equivalent to 10 ordinary shares. On May 12, 2003, this ratio was changed to 1 ADS = 100 shares, as described in "Item 9. The Offer and Listing — Offer and Listing Details".


Exchange Rate Information

Exchange Rates

Prior to 1989, Chilean law permitted the purchase and sale of foreign currency only in those cases explicitly authorized by the Central Bank of Chile (“the Central Bank”). The Central Bank Act, which was enacted in 1989, liberalized the rules that govern the ability to buy and sell foreign currency. The Central Bank Act now empowers the Central Bank to determine that certain purchases and sales of foreign currency specified by law must be carried out in the Formal Exchange Market. The Formal Exchange Market is formed by banks and other entities so authorized by the Central Bank. All payments and distributions with respect to Company’s American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) referred to in this Annual Report must be transacted in the Formal Exchange Market.

For purposes of the operation of the Formal Exchange Market, the Central Bank sets a reference exchange rate (dólar acuerdo) (the “Reference Exchange Rate”). The Reference Exchange Rate is reset monthly by the Central Bank, taking internal and external inflation into account, and is adjusted daily to reflect variations in parities between the Chilean peso and each of the U.S. dollar, the Japanese yen and the Euro. In the past, authorized transactions by banks were generally conducted within a certain band above or below the Reference Exchange Rate. In January 1992, the Central Bank reduced the Reference Exchange Rate by 5% and widened the band for transactions in the Formal Exchange Market from 5% to 10%. In November 1994, the Central Bank reduced the Reference Exchange Rate by approximately 10%. In November 1995, the Central Bank reduced the Reference Exchange Rate by approximately 2%. In January 1997, the Central Bank widened the band for transactions in the Formal Exchange Market to 12.5%. On June 25, 1998, the Central Bank reduced the band for transactions in the Formal Exchange Market to 2% above and 3.5% below the Reference Exchange Rate. At that time, the Central Bank also announced the elimination of a fixed 2% (peso re-valuing) factor which had previously been taken into account in the annual resetting of the Reference Exchange Rate. In September 1998, the Central Bank began a gradual widening of the exchange rate band from 3.5% to 5% above and below the Reference Exchange Rate. In December 1998, the Central Bank set the exchange band at 8% above and below the Reference Exchange Rate and provided for the gradual widening of the limits of the band at a daily rate of 0.01375%. In order to keep fluctuations in the average exchange rate within certain limits, the Central Bank intervened by buying or selling foreign currency on the Formal Exchange Market. In September 1999, the Central Bank decided to suspend its formal commitment to intervene in the exchange market to maintain the limits of the band, and decided to intervene in the market only under extraordinary circumstances and with advance notification. The Central Bank also committed itself to providing periodic information about the levels of its international reserves.

The Reference Exchange Rate was maintained as a medium-term reference for the market and to be used in contracts entered into using such rate. The Observed Exchange Rate is the average exchange rate at which commercial banks conduct authorized transactions on a given date in Chile, as determined by the Central Bank. The Central Bank generally carries out its transactions at the spot market rate. Before the suspension of the band, however, when commercial banks sought to buy U.S. dollars from the Central Bank, or sought to sell U.S. dollars to the Central Bank, the Central Bank made such sales up to 2% over the Reference Exchange Rate and carried out such purchases at 3.5% under the Reference Exchange Rate. Authorized transactions by banks are generally conducted at the spot market rate. Historically, such rate fluctuated within the band set by the Central Bank with respect to the Reference Exchange Rate. No assurances can be given that the Central Bank will not establish band limits again.

Purchases and sales of foreign currency effected outside the Formal Exchange Market are carried out in the Mercado Cambiario Informal (the “Informal Exchange Market”). The Informal Exchange Market reflects the supply and demand for foreign currency. There are no limits imposed on the extent to which the rate of exchange in the Informal Exchange Market can fluctuate above or below the Observed Exchange Rate. On June 6, 2007, the average exchange rate in the Informal Exchange Market was Ch$527.25 per U.S. dollar and the U.S. dollar Observed Exchange Rate was Ch$526.55 per U.S. dollar.

The following table sets forth the low, high, average and period-end Observed Exchange Rates for U.S. dollars for each of the indicated periods starting in 2002 as reported by the Central Bank the following day. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos.

 

Daily Observed Exchange Rate (Ch$ per US$)
Period Low (1) High (1) Average (2) Period - end(1)
2002 641.75 756.56 688.94 718.61
2003 593.10 758.21 691.40 593.80
2004 557.40 649.45 609.53 557.40
2005 509.70 592.75 559.77 512.50
2006 511.44 549.63 530.28 532.39
December 2006 524.78 534.43 527.58 532.39
January 2007 534.42 545.18 540.51 544.49
February 2007 535.29 548.67 542.27 540.07
March 2007 535.36 541.95 538.49 539.21
April 2007 525.96 539.69 532.30 525.96
May 2007 517.64 527.52 522.02 525.10
June 2007 (through June 6) 524.30 526.55 525.33 526.55

_____________________

Source: Central Bank of Chile
(1) Rates shown are the low, high and period-end observed exchange rates, on a day-by-day basis, for each period.
(2) The average of monthly average rates during the period reported.

 

Madeco’s international activities include operations in Argentina, Brazil, Peru and recently in Colombia, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company — Recent Developments”. Beginning in the 1990’s, both Argentina and Brazil maintained fixed exchange rates. However, in 2002 and 1999, respectively, the Argentine and Brazilian central banks allowed their respective currencies to float freely against the U.S. dollar. In Peru, there have not been restrictions on companies’ ability to convert Peruvian currency into U.S. dollars, nor any associated fixed exchange rates since the 1990s. There can be no assurance that the countries where the Company has operations or interests will maintain their current currency exchange policies.

References to “R$”, “AR$” and “S$”, are to Brazilian reales, Argentine pesos and Peruvian soles, respectively. While results of the Company’s foreign operations are converted to Chilean pesos on a periodic (daily, weekly or monthly) basis, low, high, average and year-end Brazilian real, Argentine peso and Peruvian sol exchange rates for 2006 have been included below for reference:
 

  Brazilian Real Argentine Pesos Peruvian Sol
  In Ch$ In US$ In Ch$ In US$ In Ch$ In US$
Low (1) 249.08 0.4854 169.34 0.3300 166.52 0.3215
High (1) 224.76 0.4219 172.65 0.3215 152.36 0.2899
Average (2) 243.95 0.4608 172.55 0.3257 162.05 0.3058
Year-End(1) 249.01 0.4673 173.45 0.3257 166.22 0.3215

_____________________

Source: Central Banks of Chile, Brazil, Argentina and Peru.
(1) Rates shown are the low, high and year-end exchange rates for each period, based on all of the daily rates within the specified period.
(2) The average annual exchange rate is based on the monthly average rates as calculated by the Central Bank of Chile.


 

Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable


Reason for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable


Risk Factors

The Company is subject to various changing competitive, economic, political, social and other risks and conditions, some of which are described below:

Certain Considerations Relating to Chile. The Company is engaged in its four businesses in Chile: Wire & Cable, Brass Mills, Flexible Packaging and Aluminum Profiles. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company had Ch$76,155 million, or 51.5% of its property, plant and equipment in Chile, and derived 46.9% of its revenues, from its Chilean operations. Consequently, the Company’s results of operations and financial condition are largely dependent on the overall level of economic activity in Chile. According to the Central Bank of Chile’s 2007 statistics, the Chilean economy has had GDP growth rates of 2.2%, 4.0%, 6.0%, 5.7% and 4.0% for the years 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. There can be no assurance regarding future rates of growth relating to the Chilean economy. Some of the factors that would be likely to have an adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations include future downturns in the Chilean economy, a return to the high inflation experienced by Chile in the 1970s and a devaluation of the Chilean peso relative to the U.S. dollar.

Effects of Argentine Gas Supply Restrictions and Price Increases on Chilean Operations. Chile is dependent on foreign supply of energy sources such as oil, natural gas and fuel derivatives. Since 2003, the Argentine government has restricted gas exports to Chile due to supply problems in Argentina. This has affected the supply of energy to the Chilean industries. The reduction in gas supply may affect the Company’s operations. While the Company has access to alternative energy sources, such as liquid gas or diesel oil, which reduce the impact of the restrictions imposed on the Company, the cost of such sources has been higher than natural gas and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to increase its selling prices in response to this potential cost increase. In addition, there can be no assurance that gas prices will not continue to rise. Therefore, any additional cost increase from the use of gas and alternative energy sources could have an adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

Developments in the Region May Affect the Company. Although the Company’s principal businesses are in Chile, Madeco also maintains substantial assets and derives significant revenues from its operations in Brazil, Argentina and Peru. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company had Ch$36,773 million, or, 24.9% of its property, plant and equipment in Brazil, and derived 25.0% of its revenues, from its Brazilian operations. In the case of Argentina, the Company had Ch$23,688 million, or 16.0% of its property, plant and equipment in Argentina, and derived 7.0% of its revenues from its Argentine operations. In the case of Peru, the Company had Ch$11,333 million, or 7.7% of its property, plant and equipment in Peru, and derived 21.1% of its revenues from its Peruvian operations.

In recent years, Argentina suffered an economic recession which culminated in a political and economic crisis with significant currency devaluation in early 2002. The Argentine economy has since stabilized as a result of measures adopted by the Argentine government, including restrictions on bank deposits and withdrawals, exchange controls, suspension of payments of external debt and the abrogation of Argentine peso convertibility. The economic recession and crises materially affected Madeco, requiring the Company to close the majority of its operations in Argentina. In 2003, economic activity recovered across all sectors of the Argentine economy, and as a result, Madeco reopened certain of its operations at limited capacity. In 2005 and 2006, the Argentine economy grew by 9.2% and 8.5%, respectively. Although Argentina’s economy has improved, the country’s economic environment and political stability remain fragile.

Although consumption and investment in Brazil remained low in 2003, in 2004, the Brazilian economy grew by 5.7%. In 2005, the Brazilian economy grew by 2.9% and in 2006, the Brazilian economy grew by 3.7%, according to information released in 2007 by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estadística (the Brazilian Institut of Geography and Statistics, or “IBGE”). This growth was due in large part, to increase of exports, favorable external economic scenario and strong domestic demand stimulated by the strengthening of the Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar. There can be no assurance that economic growth in Brazil will continue in the future.

The Peruvian economy continues to develop at a steady pace. Economic growth is likely to continue, as the country profits from increased demand for commodities in the wake of a stronger global economy. In 2005 and 2006, the Peruvian economy grew by 6.4% and 8.0%, respectively, as a result of strong domestic demand which outpaced GDP growth. Nonetheless, Peru remains a politically unstable country. This instability could have a material adverse effect on the Peruvian economy.

The economies to which Madeco exports the products it manufactures are also affected by social and political changes. There can be no assurance that political changes or political instability in the countries in which the Company operates or to which it exports its products will not materially adversely affect the Company in the future. Moreover, there can be no assurance that the economic system in Chile and the free trade agreements, which are expected to allow the Company to export its products more readily, will be maintained in the future.

Developments in Emerging Markets May Affect the Market Value of Chilean Securities. The market value of securities of Chilean companies is, to varying degrees, affected by economic and market conditions in other emerging market countries. Although economic conditions in such countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Chile, investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse effect on the market value of securities of Chilean issuers. For example, in the second half of 1998 and early 1999, prices of Chilean securities were materially adversely affected by the economic crises in Russia and Brazil. Although the performance of the Chilean securities market has improved since 2003, there can be no assurance that the Chilean stock market will continue to grow or even sustain its gains and that the market value of the Company’s securities would not be adversely affected by events elsewhere, especially in emerging market countries.

Opportunities to Secure Financing Necessary to Operate the Company’s Businesses May Be Limited. In the future, the Company may need to raise funds for various purposes. Madeco was notified on July 1, 2002 that the Comisión Clasificadora de Riesgo (the “Risk Classification Commission”), which regulates the investment activities of pension funds in Chile, had ruled that as a result of the downgrading of the credit ratings of the Company’s securities and the deterioration of Madeco’s financial situation, Chilean pension funds were further limited in the amount of debt securities or common shares of Madeco that they could hold. Although the rating agencies have since upgraded the Company’s rating and Chilean pension funds are no longer limited in the amount of debt securities or common shares of Madeco that they can hold, there can be no assurance that the Company will not be downgraded, and the holding of Madeco’s securities by Chilean pension funds limited, in the future. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Changes in the Company’s Risk Classification”. Given that Chilean pension funds together constitute the most significant investor group in Chilean securities, any action taken by the Risk Classification Commission has in the past affected and could in the future affect the price and liquidity of Madeco's common shares and bonds. There can be no assurance that capital will be available in the future as needed on reasonable terms in Chile or otherwise. An inability to obtain capital could constrain the Company’s ability to refinance debt, expand sales, improve productivity or take advantage of business opportunities and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

The Company is Controlled by One Majority Shareholder, whose Interests May Differ from Minority Shareholders. As of March 31, 2007, the Quiñenco Group owned 46.2% of the Company’s shares. Accordingly, the Quiñenco Group has the power to control the election of the majority of members of the Company’s Board of Directors and its interests may differ from the interests of other holders of the Company’s shares. The Quiñenco Group has a significant influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to the shareholders for approval (and according to Rule 18.046 Ley de Sociedades Anónimas, Chilean Corporations Law), including mergers, consolidations, the sale of substantial Madeco's assets and going-private transactions, and also the power to prevent or cause a change in control.

The Company is Susceptible to Interest Rate Risk. Part of Madeco’s bank financial obligations has floating interest rates based on LIBOR or TAB (the Chilean Inter-bank rate). A substantial increase in interest rates would materially adversely affect Madeco’s financial position. There can be no assurance that such a rate increase will not occur.

The Price of Madeco’s ADSs and Any Dividends Will Be Affected by Fluctuations in Exchange Conditions. The Company’s ADSs trade in U.S. dollars. Fluctuations in the exchange rate between certain Latin American currencies and the U.S. dollar are likely to affect the market price of the ADSs. For example, since Madeco’s financial statements are reported in Chilean pesos and any dividend paid will be denominated in Chilean pesos, a decline in the value of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar would reduce the Company’s earnings as reported in U.S. dollars and would reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of any dividend.

A devaluation of the Brazilian, Argentine, Peruvian or Colombian currency versus the U.S. dollar would also reduce the Company’s earnings in Chilean pesos and therefore the earnings reported in U.S. dollars. For example, given the relative importance of Brazilian operations to the Company’s consolidated results, a devaluation in Brazil’s currency could have a materially adverse impact on the Company’s earnings.

For a further discussion regarding the Company’s currency exchange rate risk, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk — Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk”.

Holders of ADSs May be Subject to Certain Risks. Due to the fact that holders of ADSs do not hold their shares directly, they are subject to the following additional risks:

In the event of a dividend or other distribution, if exchange rates fluctuate during any period of time when the ADS depositary cannot convert a foreign currency into dollars, the ADS holders may lose some or all of the value of the distribution. There can be no assurance that the ADS depositary will be able to convert any currency at a specific exchange rate or sell any property, rights, shares or other securities at a specific price, or that any of such transactions can be completed within a specific period of time.

In order to vote at shareholders’ meetings, ADS holders not registered on the books of the ADS depositary are required to transfer their ADSs for a certain number of days before a shareholders’ meeting into a blocked account established for that purpose by the ADS depositary. Any ADS transferred to this blocked account will not be available for transfer during that time. ADS holders who are registered on the books of the ADS depositary must give instructions to the ADS depositary not to transfer their ADSs during this period before the shareholders’ meeting. ADS holders must therefore receive voting materials from the ADS depositary sufficiently in advance in order to make these transfers or give these instructions. There can be no guarantee that ADS holders will receive voting materials in time to instruct the ADS depositary how to vote. It is possible that ADS holders, or persons who hold their ADSs through brokers, dealers or other third parties, will not have the opportunity to exercise a right to vote at all. Additionally, ADS holders may not receive copies of all reports from Madeco or the ADS depositary. Holders may have to go to the ADS depositary’s offices to inspect any reports issued.

In the event the Company fails to meet any of the continued listing requirements of the New York Stock Exchange, or “NYSE”, the Company’s ADSs may become subject to delisting at the option of NYSE. In 2002, the Company was not in compliance with NYSE’s minimum security price and minimum market capitalization continued listing requirements. On June 21, 2003, the Company regained compliance with both the minimum security price and the minimum market capitalization requirements. The Company has maintained its compliance status during 2006 and for the first quarter of 2007. There can be no assurance that the Company will not fail to meet the NYSE continued listing requirements in the future. See “Item 9. The Offer and Listing — Offer and Listing Details”.

Copper Supply and Price Levels. Copper is the primary raw material used by the Company, and the Company’s results of operations are heavily dependent on its ability to buy an adequate supply of copper. Prices for copper are affected by numerous factors outside the Company’s control and have historically fluctuated greatly.

The Corporación Chilena del Cobre (Chilean Copper Corporation, “Cochilco”), a governmental entity, guarantees and regulates the supply of copper to all domestic copper manufacturers in Chile according to the Ley de Reserva del Cobre, or the Copper Reserve Law. On an annual basis, all Chilean copper purchasers must inform Cochilco of their estimated copper requirements for the upcoming year. Cochilco assigns the domestic copper demand to the various mining companies and establishes conditions for the sale of copper including price levels, which reflect London Metal Exchange (“LME”) prices adjusted for reduced transportation and related insurance costs. Cochilco establishes the terms of the annual copper supply contracts between the copper producers and manufacturers such as the Company. Under this current system, copper purchases are made on a monthly basis, and payments are required prior to delivery. Over the past 10 years, the Company has not experienced any difficulty in obtaining adequate supplies of copper at satisfactory prices under these arrangements. There can be no assurances, however, that the Company will continue to be able to obtain its required copper at satisfactory prices, if at all.

In Peru, the Company obtains the majority of its copper needs from local mining companies. The copper obtained is used by Cobrecón S.A., a related company which produces copper rod for the Company’s requirements in Peru.

In Brazil, the Company purchases its copper rod requirements from its Chilean related copper rod production companies and from an unrelated third party, Caraiba Metais do Brasil. There can be no assurance that all the copper rod requirements in Brazil will be fulfilled at satisfactory prices, since a portion of the Company’s requirements is obtained from a third party and the rest is obtained from Chilean operations under the regulations of the Copper Reserve Law.

Copper Reserve Law. In 2006, the Chilean Congress set aside a long-standing initiative started in 1996 to abolish the Copper Reserve Law. Currently, there are no initiatives to change the existing law.

Fluctuations in London Metal Exchange Prices of Copper and Aluminum. Historically, international prices of both copper and aluminum have fluctuated greatly. The Company’s price policy is to sell its copper and aluminum products based on the quantity of metal contained in each of them, and the metal is valued at the London Metals Exchange, or “LME”, prices. The Company generally has been able to increase its selling prices in response to increases in costs of copper and/or aluminum. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be able to recover increases in the cost of copper and/or aluminum in the future.

There is also risk exposure associated with the copper and aluminum inventories kept by the Company exclusively for the fabrication of its products. Sharp drops in prices for these raw materials can cause the Company significant losses in its financial statements due to lower inventory value.

Company earnings can also be negatively affected by reductions in prices for copper and aluminum due to the difficulty in passing on the higher purchase prices of current metal inventories to the customer. In addition, there could be a decline in demand as customers wait for lower prices before issuing their purchase orders. The historical prices of these metals have experienced wide fluctuations, which are influenced by a great number of factors beyond the Company’s control.

Dependence on Several Raw Material Suppliers. The Company is dependent on a limited number of suppliers for the procurement of copper and aluminum. The Company believes that its contracts and other agreements with third-party suppliers contain standard and customary terms and conditions. During the past ten years, the Company has experienced no substantial difficulties in obtaining adequate supplies of necessary raw materials at satisfactory prices, since these raw materials are commodities that can be acquired from various multinational suppliers. If the Company experiences difficulties in obtaining raw materials from suppliers in the future it would adversely affect the Company’s ability to operate its business.

Demand for Copper Pipes has Persistently Decreased. In spite of the strong demand for copper pipes prior to the year 2000, plastics pipes have increasingly become competitive substitutes for copper pipes due to the increasing price of copper. As the market share for plastics pipes has increased, the sales volume of the Brass Mills business unit has decreased, see “Item 4. Information on the Company — Business Overview — Brass Mills — Brass Mills - Summary of Sales”. The Company believes that this product substitution effect will not decline.

Concentration of Customer Base. Over the past decade, there has been consolidation within the various industries to which the Company sells its products. As a result, the Company’s larger customers are now both fewer in number and more powerful in their ability to demand favorable sales conditions from Madeco such as prices and payment terms. This development could potentially put downward pressure on the Company’s selling prices and margins. See “Item 4. Information on the Company — Business Overview”.

Demand for Telecommunications Cable has Significantly Decreased and is not Expected to Recover to Previous Levels. Despite significant demand in 2000 and 2001 by the telecommunications, or “telecom”, industry for both copper and fiber optic cable, demand for these products which are manufactured by the Company have since significantly diminished. For a further discussion of this decrease in demand, see “Item 4. Information on the Company — Business Overview — Wire & Cable —Wire & Cable - Summary of Sales.” The Company does not expect the demand for these products by the telecom industry to recover in the foreseeable future and there can be no assurance that the demand for these products will increase to previous levels or at all.

Operations are Subject to Environmental Laws and Regulations. Madeco’s operations are subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates, such as regulations regarding the release of copper, aluminum or plastics dust into the air. Stricter laws and regulations, or stricter interpretations of existing laws or regulations, may impose new restrictions on the Company or result in the need for additional investments in pollution control equipment, either of which could result in a material adverse effect on Madeco’s profitability.

Material Weakness Disclosure Related to Internal Control. In connection with the assessment of the internal control over financial reporting, as further described in “Item 15. Controls and Procedures”, the Company’s management determined that as of December 31, 2006, its disclosure controls and procedures were not entirely effective because of certain material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting. Effective internal and disclosure controls are necessary to produce accurate, reliable financial reports and to prevent fraud. If the Company’s management is unsuccessful in remediating the material weaknesses, or if it discovers other deficiencies, the Company’s ability to report accurately and in a timely manner its financial condition and results of operations in the future may be adversely affected, which may cause investors to lose confidence in the Company’s financial reporting and may negatively affect the price of the Company’s American depository shares and common stock.




ITEM 4. Information on the Company

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History and Development of the Company

General

Madeco S.A. (formerly known as “Manufacturas de Cobre S.A., Madeco”), was incorporated in the Republic of Chile in 1944 as a sociedad anónima abierta, or open stock corporation, and operates under the laws of Chile. The Company also has operations in Argentina, Brazil, Peru and recently in Colombia.

The Company’s head office and principal business address is located at Ureta Cox 930, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile. The telephone number at the Company’s head office is (56-2) 520-1000, and the facsimile number is (56-2) 520-1545. Its authorized representative in the United States is CT Corporation System, located at 111 Eighth Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10011, U.S.A. CT Corporation’s phone number is (1-212) 894-8500.

Madeco’s operations are organized into four principal operating segments or business units based on production processes. The Company’s current business units are:

  • Wire & Cable;

  • Brass Mills;

  • Flexible Packaging; and

  • Aluminum Profiles.

Madeco’s principal products include:

  • in the Wire & Cable business: optical fiber telecommunication cables, building wire, copper and aluminum power cables (thermo-plastic, thermo-stable and bare wire), magnetic wires, mining cables, copper rods and copper telecom cables;

  • in the Brass Mills business: pipes, sheets, coils, busbars, bars and coin blanks made from copper, aluminum and related alloys;

  • in the Flexible Packaging business: rotogravure and flexo laminated flexible packaging (plastics, foil, paper); and

  • in the Aluminum Profiles business: extruded profiles used mainly in residential and non- residential construction (windows and patio doors, curtain walls) and diverse industrial applications.

In 2006, the Company’s consolidated net revenues amounted to Ch$559,141 million, of which 64.4% was derived from Madeco’s Wire & Cable unit, 21.4% from the Brass Mills unit, 8.3% from the Flexible Packaging unit and 6.0% from the Aluminum Profiles unit.


History

Madeco S.A. was incorporated as an open stock corporation in Chile in 1944 and has expanded over the years into Brazil, Peru, Argentina and recently into Colombia. Today, the Company is a leading Latin American manufacturer of finished and semi-finished non-ferrous products based on copper, aluminum and related alloys as well as a manufacturer of flexible packaging products for use in the mass consumer market for food, snacks and cosmetics products.

In 1944, Madeco was founded by Mademsa to manufacture copper and copper-alloy based products. The original principal shareholders were the Simonetti brothers and Corporación de Fomento de la Produccion (Corfo). In 1954, the Company initiated fabrication of aluminum based products (profiles, sheets and foil).

The company Alusa S.A. was created in 1961 in conjunction with the Zecchetto and Arduini families to manufacture flexible packaging for use in the mass consumer market for food, snacks and cosmetics products.

During the period of political turmoil (1971-1973), Madeco was forcibly nationalized and remained under government control during the administration of President Salvador Allende Gossens.

In 1975, operating control of the Company was returned to the Board of Directors during the military government presided by General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte.

In 1980, through Quiñenco S.A., the Luksic Group (one of the largest diversified companies engaged in the industrial and service sectors in multiple countries within Latin America) made a substantial investment in the Company. In 1983, the Luksic Group acquired a majority share and control of the Company.

In 1987, Colada Continua Chilena S.A. was created in Chile in order to ensure the opportune production and delivery of its principal raw material, copper rod.

In 1988, the Company acquired Armat S.A., a Chilean manufacturer of coin blanks and minted coins made of copper and copper - based alloys.

In 1990, Madeco commenced its wire & cable operations in Argentina, through the acquisition of Indelqui S.A. (a producer of telecom and energy cables).

In 1991, the Company acquired Indalum S.A., a Chilean aluminum profiles manufacturer. In conjunction with this acquisition, Ingewall S.A., was created that same year to participate in the curtain wall fabrication and installation business.

In 1993, Madeco made a capital increase whereby 57,750,000 shares were placed on the Santiago Stock Exchange and on the NYSE in the form of ADRs, raising approximately Ch$35,538 million (historic value) or US$83 million. In addition, the Company acquired Triple - C (a cable producer) in Peru and continued its expansion in Argentina through the acquisition of a power cable plant in Llavallol. The Company also expanded its flexible packaging business into Argentina with the construction of a plant in San Luis (Aluflex S.A.).

In 1994, Madeco acquired the Argentine company Decker S.A., a copper and brass pipes and sheets manufacturer. In Peru, the Company's subsidiary (Triple -C) merged with another large Peruvian cable manufacturer (Indeco S.A.); the new combined operation kept the name Indeco S.A.

In 1996, the Company acquired, through its subsidiary Alusa, a 25% and 25.6% share in two flexible packaging firms in Peru, Peruplast and Tech Pak, respectively.

In 1997, Madeco acquired a 67% share of Ficap S.A., then the second largest cable company in Brazil. In July, the Company made a second international capital increase on the Santiago Stock Exchange and in the form of ADRs on the NYSE; a total of 33,167,661 shares were subscribed and paid, raising approximately Ch$33,168 million (historic value) or approximately US$76 million.

In 1998, the Company acquired the remaining 33% of Ficap S.A.. In Argentina, the Company merged its two operating subsidiaries; the new entity, Decker-Indelqui S.A., incorporated both Cable and Brass Mills operations.

In 1999, the Company and Corning International Corporation (“Corning”) created Ficap Optel, a joint venture in which the Company initially had a 75% interest and Corning the remaining 25%. This joint venture was established to produce, sell and distribute optical fiber cables.

In 2000, Madeco successfully raised US$75 million in a local bond issuance. During April of that same year, the Company raised Ch$6,485 million (historic value), or approximately US$13 million, on the Chilean stock market through the issuance of 15,082,339 unsubscribed shares from a previous 1997 capital increase.

In 2001, the Company modified its Ficap Optel Joint Venture Agreement with Corning. Corning increased its interest in Ficap Optel from 25% to 50% by acquiring a 25% interest from the Company. As part of the new Joint Venture arrangement, Ficap Optel changed its name to Optel S.A. and purchased 99.9% of Corning Argentina S.A.

On December 31, 2001, as a result of the economic crisis in Argentina, Madeco decided to temporarily suspend production for the Wire & Cable and Brass Mills operations of its Argentine subsidiary Decker-Indelqui.

In October 2002, a new team led by Mr. Tiberio Dall'Olio took over the management of the Company. The new administration has extensive experience in the cable manufacturing industry, with a collective average of 30 years experience.

In March 2003, Madeco completed its debt restructuring process, which involved:

  • a capital increase of approximately Ch$95,114 million (historic value) including a Ch$3,717 million (historic value) bond equitization, equivalent to approximately US$181 million, through an offering of 3,714,577,380 shares;
  • the payment of 30% of the Company’s outstanding bank debt equal to US$38.3 million (historic value) and an additional payment of 10.3% of the outstanding debt equal to US$9.9 million (historic value); and
  • a seven year extension on the remaining bank debt equivalent to US$74.2 million (historic value) with a three year grace period.
During the third quarter of 2003, the Company publicly offered on the Chilean Stock Exchange a portion of the unsubscribed shares of the April 2003 capitalization process, of which 1,421,603,602 shares, equivalent to approximately Ch$40,083 million (historic value, approximately US$76.3 million) were sold.

In September 2003, as a result of increased demand in Argentina for the Company’s products, Madeco reopened its Decker-Indelqui’s copper pipes plant (Barracas) with a limited production capacity. In November 2003, the Company reopened, also at limited capacity, its brass mills foundry plant (Llavallol) in Argentina.

During the second half of 2003, the Joint Venture Agreement between Madeco and Corning was lawfully terminated in connection with the arbitration process requested by Madeco in 2002, after it refused a request by Corning for liquidation of the Joint Venture Agreement, was resolved to favor of Corning. As a result of the termination of the Joint Venture Agreement, i) the Company lost certain rights regarding the appointment of Optel’s management and ii) the Company is required to initiate the liquidation of Optel at Corning’s demand. See - “Item 4. Information on the Company – Business Overview – Wire & Cable – Optical Fiber Cable”.

In May 2004, the C Series Bonds were paid (UF1.4 million) and in December the A Series Bonds were paid in advance (UF1.9 million), financed mainly by the proceeds of the issuance of the D Series Bonds (UF1.8 million). A capital increase of US$16.1 million (historic vaue) was completed by placing 321 million shares in the Chilean Stock Market.

In 2004, in Brazil the production capacity of magnetic cables was increased by 20% and the introduction of an Enterprise Resources Planning software (ERP), called SAP, was initiated. In November 2004, Madeco reopened partially and, on a non-continuous basis, its wire & cable plants (Llavallol and Quilmes) located in Argentina.

In March 2005, Madeco bought Corning’s 50% share in Optel Ltda., bringing its ownership interest in the Company to 100%. In June, operation of an “up-cast” type continuous casting process was initiated at its facility in Lo Espejo to increase copper rod production. In July, Ficap began operating on the SAP system. In September, Madeco prepaid all the Credit Rescheduling Agreements subscribed by the Company with its creditor banks on December 18, 2002. In November, the Company launched a successful capital increase, raising aproximately US$84 millon, which was used to pay debt. In addition, in the same month, the Argentine subsidiary Decker-Indelqui won public bids to supply over US$15 million of aluminum transmission cables.

During 2006, SAP implementation began in Indeco and Madeco Chile, which was already in use in Brazil, for improving the control and management of the Madeco companies. Furthermore, SAP is being deployed throughout the Company with the aim of achieving high standards of corporate governance and fulfilling international requirements (Sarbanes Oxley and IFRS). In addition, during 2006, Performance by Skills was introduced in Madeco Chile in order to retain and develop the talent of its employees.

On May 5, 2006, 192,802,758 shares equivalent to 100 percent of the remaining shares issued and registered on October 17, 2005, were placed on the Santiago Stock Exchange. The stock was auctioned at the price of Ch$48.5 per share, and the total proceeds amounted to Ch$9,463 million (approximately US$18 million).

In June 2006, the Company refinanced a total of US$50 million of its financial debt by means of a 5-year club deal loan. Approximately US$12 million of this financing was used to repay debt to Quiñenco, another US$13 million to repay a short-term bridge loan that Banco BBVA granted pending proceeds from the capital increase, and the remaining balance of US$25 million was used for financing working capital.

There has been no public takeover offer by third parties in respect of the Company’s shares or by the Company in respect of other companies’ shares during the last and current financial year.


Recent Developments

Cedsa S.A. (“Cedsa”) is a manufacturing company that owns a cable factory in the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia. This cable factory had as of February 2007 a production capacity of approximately 200 tons per month of copper cables and approximately 60 tons per month of aluminum cables. As a result, Cedsa supplies 8% of the Colombian copper and aluminum cable market. On February 12, 2007, Madeco acquired 80% of the share capital of Cedsa for US$3.7 million, in order to expand its presence in South America.

In addition to this acquisition, Cedsa’s shareholders agreed to a capital increase of US$6 million, to be subscribed to and paid proportionally to their respective shares in two steps in March and September 2007. With this settlement, the Company expects to increase Cedsa’s production capacity by 600 tons of copper cables and 150 tons of aluminum cables in order to take advantage of recent growth opportunities presented by the expansion of the Colombian economy. The estimated start and completion dates of the capacity increase project are August 2007 and December 2008, respectively.

On March 1, 2007, Alusa S.A. (“Alusa”) acquired 10,984,402 shares of Peruplast (“Peruplast”) and 12,228,371 shares of Tech-Pak S.A. (“Tech-Pak”) of whose shares it already held 25.0% and 25.6%, respectively. The agreed price for Peruplast and Tech-Pak was US$3.19 million and US$5.29 million, respectively, which was paid in cash. As a result of these acquisitions, Alusa became a 39.5% shareholder of Peruplast and a 50% shareholder of Tech-Pak.

Concurrently, Nexus Group, a Peruvian investor, signed individual sales contracts, whereby it would acquire the requisite number of shares of Peruplast and Tech Pak necessary to hold interests in each of these companies which is equal to those held by Alusa. On the date that the payments were made and the shares were transferred, Alusa and Nexus Group entered into a shareholders agreement which designated the management of both of the acquired companies.

Thereafter, both Alusa and Nexus Group received a commitment from Shintec S.A. to sell its entire interest in Peruplast, which would be purchased in equal proportions by Alusa and Nexus Group. At that time, Alusa will become a 50% shareholder of Peruplast.

At the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting on April 24, 2007, the Board of Directors informed shareholders that a change in the dividend policy, reducing the dividend rate from 50% to 30% of net income, had been approved by the Board on March 28, 2007.

In addition, the Board called an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, to decide whether to absorb the accumulated losses through a reduction of the share capital. This proposal was accepted and approved at the Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 24, 2007.

On May 23, 2007, Ingewall Uruguay S.A., which had terminated its operations in 2002, was sold. In addition, on May 30, 2007, Distribuidora Boliviana Indalum S.A., which had terminated its operations in 2004, was sold. Both companies operated under the Aluminum Profile’s business unit and its transactions did not have any material effect in the Company’s financial statements.

On June 26, 2007, Mr. Alessandro Bizarri Carvallo resigned from the Board of Directors and from the Company’s Directors’ Committee. The Board of Directors accepted Mr. Alessandro Bizarri Carvallo’s resignation and designated Mr. Francisco Pérez Mackenna to replace him until the next Shareholder Meeting. Pursuant to comply with the Chilean Corporation’s Law, due to Mr. Alessandro Bizarri Carvallo’s resignation and replacement, a whole new Board of Directors must be elected at the next Shareholder Meeting. Due to the events indicated above and in consideration of the provisions of the Chilean Corporation’s Law, the Board of Directors elected the following Directors to the Company’s Directors’ Committee: Felipe Joannon Vergara, Francisco Pérez Mackenna and Eugenio Valck Varas.

Capital Expenditures and Divestitures

In recent years, capital expenditures have been primarily used to replace equipment, to expand Madeco’s production capacity and to eliminate bottlenecks in the production process. The Company’s capital expenditures for 2004, 2005 and 2006 totaled approximately Ch$31,759 million. In 2006 investments reached Ch$14,334 million. Madeco’s investment policy is focused on the acquisition of assets necessary for the Company to sustain its businesses and operations in the long term and to improve its operational efficiencies. Further information related to capital expenditure plans see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Capital Expenditures”.
 

Wire & Cable Unit. In 2006, capital expenditures amounted to Ch$4,295 million, which was equivalent to 57.7% of the unit’s depreciation. Of this amount, approximately 61%, 23% and 15% was invested in Ficap, Indeco and Madeco, repectively. In Brazil, the Company’s investments included the acquisition of wire-related machinery and equipment to increase production. In Peru, resources were mainly allocated towards improvements in drawing and cabling machines. In Chile, investments primarily included the acquisition of a wire drawing machine. In Argentina, capital expenditures were not material.

In 2005, capital expenditures amounted to Ch$2,566 million, equivalent to 42.5% of the unit’s depreciation. In Brazil, investments included the acquisition of wire-related machinery and equipment, and information technology improvements, including the implementation of Enterprise Resources Planning software (ERP), SAP. In Peru, the Company invested in machinery to increase production. In Chile, investments primarily included the acquisition of a continuous copper casting line for the Lo Espejo facility, and machinery to increase production. In Argentina, capital expenditures were not material.

In 2004, capital expenditures amounted to Ch$1,618 million, which was equivalent to 27.7% of the unit’s depreciation. In Brazil, investments included acquisitions of wire-related machinery and equipment, and information technology improvements, including the implementation of Enterprise Resources Planning software, SAP. In Peru, the Company invested in the acquisition of machinery to increase production capacity and in Information Technology improvements.

 

Brass Mills Unit. In 2006, capital expenditures amounted to Ch$515 million, which was equivalent to 21.7% of the unit’s depreciation. The unit’s significant investment was the acquisition of a new copper tube washing machine for the Chilean facility. In Argentina, capital expenditures were not material.

In 2005, capital expenditures amounted to Ch$828 million, which was equivalent to 32.4% of the unit’s depreciation. Most of the unit’s investments were related to the acquisition of a new copper tube washing machine in Chile. In Argentina, capital expenditures were not material.

In 2004, capital expenditures amounted to Ch$451 million, equivalent to 17.2% of the unit’s depreciation. Most of the unit’s investments were related to the acquisition of a new power generator in Chile. In Argentina capital expenditures were not material.

 

Flexible Packaging Unit. In 2006, capital expenditures amounted to Ch$6,611 million, which was equivalent to 262.4% of the unit’s depreciation. The unit’s investments were allocated to the Chilean subsidiary mainly for the purchase of a nearby property and a rotogravure printing machine. In Argentina, funds were used towards the purchase of an extruding machine and other related printing process machinery.

In 2005, capital expenditures amounted to Ch$5,392 million, which was equivalent to 237.9% of the unit’s depreciation. Investments were primarily related to the acquisition of machinery and equipment for the production facilities in Chile and Argentina, including two extruding machines, a cutter machine, a cylinder engraving machine and some cylinders.

In 2004, capital expenditures amounted to Ch$4,136 million, which was equivalent to 184.5% of the unit’s depreciation. Investments were primarily related to the acquisition of machinery and equipment for the production facility in Chile, including an extruding machine, a laminating machine, and a sealing machine.

 

Aluminum Profiles Unit. In 2006, capital expenditures amounted to Ch$2,913 million, which was equivalent to 274.7% of the unit’s depreciation. Most of the unit’s investments were related to the new PVC profiles extruding facilities. These expenditures were made in order to diversify the unit’s product base. Other investments were related to the expansion of manufacturing capacity.

In 2005, capital expenditures amounted to Ch$1,830 million, equivalent to 187.6% of the units depreciation. Investments were made to improve the manufacturing process and capacity.

In 2004, capital expenditures amounted to Ch$603 million, which was equivalent to 86.6% of the units depreciation. Investments were made to improve the manufacturing process and acquire machinery used in the profiles unit, such as a color transformer.


Business Overview

Strategy

On July 26, 2002, the Company’s Board of Directors designated a new senior management team, which assumed its responsibilities on October 1, 2002. This team implemented an operational restructuring of the Company to optimize its resources and production abilities. A Strategic Operational Business Plan for period 2003-2005 (“Business Plan”) was created to make improvements in the marketing, production and administrative areas of the Company, with special emphasis on the Wire & Cable business unit and its largest operation, Ficap S.A. in Brazil.

After successfully implementing the 2003 - 2005 Business Plan, in late 2005, Madeco used it as a basis to define the 2006 - 2008 Business Plan. This new Business Plan was developed in order to focus efforts to grow, increase profitability, consolidate its current position and to develop the skills of its employees. The main objectives of the new Business Plan are the following:

  • consolidate the activities of the Wire and Cable unit;

  • diversify and search for growth and profit opportunities for the Brass Mills unit;

  • make the Flexible Packaging unit profitable;

  • maintain leadership in the Aluminum Profiles unit;

  • achieve operational excellence by searching for process homologation options and best practices in the different business units;

  • implement a strategic management policy in human resources; and

  • consolidate the Company’s financial position.

Progress is being made in meeting the objetives of the 2006-2008 strategic plan, such as consolidation of the performance of the Wire and Cables and Flexible Packaging units and maintenance of the Aluminum Profiles unit’s market leadership position. In addition, the Company’s financial position has improved and it is reducing its leverage. Furthermore, the Company has begun to implement SAP throughout the Company to achieve higher standards of corporate governance and management control. Finally, the Company is deploying Skills Management to standardize processes and best practices, thus encouraging the development of the Madeco group employees.


Wire & Cable

Since Madeco’s incorporation in 1944, its principal business has been the production, sale and distribution of wire and cable products. The Company’s Wire & Cable business unit is composed of two divisions: metallic cable, which includes copper rod, and optical fiber cable.

The following table includes the names of the Company’s subsidiaries dedicated to the production, sale and distribution of metallic as well as fiber optic wire and cable products:

 

Entity Name Division Country
 Madeco Chile  Metallic Cable Chile
 Ficap S.A.  Metallic Cable Brazil
 Indeco S.A.  Metallic Cable Peru
 Cedsa S.A. (1)  Metallic Cable Colombia
 Decker-Indelqui S.A.  Metallic Cable Argentina
 Optel Argentina S.A.  Optical Fiber Argentina

(1) See “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company — Recent Developments”.

 

At year-end 2001, as a consequence of Argentina’s tumultuous economic environment and political instability, the Company suspended its Argentine Wire & Cable production operations. Decker-Indelqui (its Llavallol and Quilmes plants) maintained a minimal staff in Argentina, primarily to sell products imported from Madeco’s Brazilian facilities and to ensure the security and maintenance of its production facilities. In November 2004, Madeco reopened partially and, on a non-continuous basis, its wire & cable plants (Llavallol and Quilmes) located in Argentina. In November 2005, Decker-Indelqui won public bids to supply over US$15 million of aluminum transmission cables, allowing the Company to increase its capacity utilization in Argentina.

As part of the new acquisitions made by the Company in February 2007, the Company purchased 80% of the total shares of Cedsa S.A., a Colombian company which owns a facility in the Colombian city of Bucaramanga and is the third largest manufacturer of copper and aluminum cables in the Colombian market, for US$3.7 million. This acquisition was made in order to expand the presence of the Company in the region. The Colombian plant had, as of Febreuary 2007, a monthly production capacity of approximately 200 and 60 tons of copper and aluminum cables, respectively. Concurrently, Cedsa’s shareholders agreed to a capital increase of US$6 million payable in March and September 2007.

Although copper price increases have stimulated the substitution of Aluminum cables, the Company’s capability to produce both copper and aluminum cables has been a strong selling point. Production costs related to the manufacture of aluminum cables are higher than the costs to produce an equal weight of copper cables because, as a result of the lower specific weight of aluminum as compared to copper, a higher volume of aluminum is required to produce aluminum cables than the volume of copper that is required to produce an equal weight of copper cables.

 

Wire & Cable - Summary of Sales

The Wire & Cable unit is Madeco’s largest business unit, with revenues representing 64.4% of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the year 2006. The following tables show Madeco’s annual revenues and sales volume generated by the Wire & Cable business unit for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Wire & Cable Unit - Revenues (in Ch$ million)
Year Metallic Cable Division Revenues (1) Optical Fiber Cable Division Revenues Total Revenues % Consolidated Revenues
2004 175,874 0 175,874 51.3%
2005 214,752 1,764 216,516 58.0%
2006 358,799 1,427 360,226 64.4%

 

Wire & Cable Unit - Sales Volumes (2)
Year Metallic Cable Division (in tons) Optical Fiber Cable Division (in kms (3)) Total Volume
(in tons)
% Consolidated Volume
2004 62,866 0 62,866 51.0%
2005 68,712 82,216 70,581 56.3%
2006 79,368 60,672 80,747 59.1%

(1) Revenues of the Metallic Cable division include copper rod sales. They also include copper sulfate sales from Indeco.
(2) Sales volumes of Optical Fiber in 2005 differs from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2005 as a result of a change in the Company’s methodology.
(3) Total sales volume presented in tons include the optical fiber conversion rate of 1 ton = 44 kms. The Company did not consolidate with Optel during 2004. See “Item 4. Information on the Company – Business Overview – Wire & Cable - Optical Fiber”.

 

The Company’s Wire & Cable business unit generated revenues of Ch$360,226 million for the year 2006, an increase of 66.4% compared to the previous year (Ch$216,516 million). Sales volume of metallic cables increased by 15.5%, most notable being the increases in sales of wire rod of 57.5% and aluminum cables particularly in Argentina of 126.0% and in Brazil of 46.1%. On the other hand, sales volume of copper cables fell by 22.7% in Chile and by 7.5% in Peru. In spite of this sales decrease, the Company experienced general growth in its cable products in those countries where the Company operates due to improved economic conditions, which stimulated private sector investment of the Company’s Wire & Cable products.

Madeco sells its wire and cable products mainly in domestic markets. Export sales for the Wire & Cable unit represented 16.8% of the unit’s revenues for the year 2006 (76.5% of which represented copper rod). The following tables show Madeco’s annual revenues and sales volumes generated by the Wire & Cable business unit (sales volume are separated by division) by destination for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:

 

Wire & Cable Unit – Revenues by Destination (in Ch$ million)
Year Chile Brazil Peru Argentina (1) Exports (2) Wire & Cable Unit
2004 33,025 82,096 31,155 4,915 24,683 175,874
2005 39,557 96,656 41,721 6,863 31,719 216,516
2006 44,062 179,671 62,368 13,569 60,556 360,226

 

Wire & Cable Unit – Sales Volumes of Metallic Cable by Destination (in tons)
Year Chile Brazil Peru Argentina Exports (2) Metallic Cable Division
2004 8,993 31,394 8,663 2,011 11,805 62,866
2005 10,718 31,032 11,574 2,256 13,132 68,712
2006 8,105 41,092 11,211 3,945 15,015 79,368

 

Wire & Cable Unit – Sales Volumes of Optical Fiber Cable by Destination (in kms) (2) (3)
Year Argentina Exports Optical Fiber Division
2004 0 0 0
2005 72,700 9,516 82,216
2006 43,521 17,151 60,672

(1) In 2004 ,2005 and 2006, the Company’s revenues in Argentina are the result of the marketing and selling of both imported products from Ficap S.A. and manufactured products from Decker-Indelqui.
(2) Madeco did not consolidate with Optel during 2004. See “Item 4. Information on the Company – Business Overview – Wire & Cable - Optical Fiber”.
(3) This table differs from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2004 and 2005 as a result of a change in the Company’s methodology.

 

The following table shows the Company’s total revenues generated by the Wire & Cable unit for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006, broken down by the subsidiary generating the revenues:
 

Wire & Cable Unit – Revenues (in Ch$ million)
Year Madeco Chile (metallic cable) Ficap
(metallic cable)
Indeco
(metallic cable)
Decker-Indelqui (metallic cable) (1) Optel (2)
(optical fiber)
Inter-company
 
Wire & Cable Unit
2004 63,419 81,392 56,871 4,950 0 (30,758) 175,874
2005 79,193 92,142 64,664 5,878 1,764 (27,125) 216,516
2006 131,778 142,445 119,069 13,441 1,427 (47,934) 360,226

(1) In 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company’s revenues in Argentina are the result of the marketing and selling of both imported products from Ficap S.A. and manufactured products from Decker-Indelqui.
(2) Madeco did not consolidate with Optel during 2004. See “Item 4. Information on the Company – Business Overview – Wire & Cable - Optical Fiber”.

 

The following discussion of the Company’s Wire & Cable business unit (production, raw materials, sales and distribution, market demand and industry size estimates, and market share and description of competition) have each been separated into two sections, metallic wire and cable and optical fiber cable.

 

Cable - Production

The Company has a total of seven facilities for the production of metallic wire and cable products. In Chile, the Company maintains one cable production facility located in the district of Santiago. The Company has two modern facilities operating in Brazil, located in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. In Argentina, production facilities are located in Quilmes and Llavallol, both on the outskirts of Buenos Aires. The Company’s Peruvian production facility is located in Lima and the Colombian facility, which was acquired in early 2007, is located in the city of Bucaramanga.

Since 2003, the Company has ceased producing magnetic cables in Chile and has commenced the production of flexible cables and anti-theft cables. Madeco’s wire and cable products are sold primarily in domestic markets.

The following table includes information regarding each wire and cable production facility: plant location, principal products manufactured and International Standard Organization, or “ISO”, certification:
 

Country Location Principal Products ISO Certification (1)
Chile San Miguel, Santiago Cu: all wire and cable products 9001: 1998, 2004
Brazil Rio de Janeiro Cu and Al:thermo-plastic, thermo-stable, bare wire cable; Cu: telecom 9001: 2003, 2006
  Sao Paulo Cu and Al: thermo-plastic, thermo-stable, building wire; Cu: magnetic 9001: 2003, 2006
Argentina Quilmes, BA Cu and Al: bare wire, thermo-plastic, thermo-stable; Cu: telecom 9001: 2004
  Llavallol, BA Cu and Al: bare wire 9001: 2004
  Ciudad de BA, BA Optical fiber cables 14,000
Colombia Bucaramanga (2) Cu and Al: all wire and cable products 9001: 2005
Peru Lima Cu and Al: all wire and cable products 9001: 1998, 2005

(1) In cases where two dates are included, the first date indicates the original certification and the second date indicates the most recent certification.
(2) Facility acquired in February 2007.

 

The Company has created joint ventures in both Chile and Peru with other wire and cable manufacturers to produce 8.0 mm copper rod, one of the principal raw materials used in the production of copper wire and cable products, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – Business Overview – Wire & Cable – Raw Materials”.

The Company manufactures bare wire as well as wires and cables sheathed with insulating materials such as plastic or rubber. Production of copper and aluminum wire and/or cable products begins with 8.0 mm copper and 9.5 mm aluminum rods, respectively. The rod is drawn to the diameter necessary to meet the properties and flexibility of the corresponding finished products. Madeco produces many different types of wires and cables, and each product can be classified based on certain characteristics: number and style of strands: wire (singular strand) or cable (multiple, joined or bundled strands); and type of insulation: bare, thermo-plastic insulated, thermo-stable insulated or magnetic. In addition, cables have different types of international classification standards: ASTM, IEC, ICEA, VDE and other standards.

The Company’s metallic wire and cable products include both standard products as well as customized special order products that satisfy the energy, mining, construction and telecom sectors’ requirements, as well as the durable goods manufacturers’ requirements. While standardized or on-the-shelf products are manufactured according to the highest international standards, customized wire and cable products are made to satisfy customer specifications.

The three principal types of copper telecom cables produced by the Company are high capacity multi-pair transmission cable, distribution cable and internal cable. Classification of the cables is based on their transmission capacity (i.e., the quantity of channels that can be carried simultaneously). The largest telecom cables are the high capacity multi-pair transmission cables (up to 2,400 pairs); these cables are insulated with polyethylene and used as underground trunk lines between major switching facilities. These trunk lines are being replaced over time by optical fiber cables, which carry high amounts of data with superior transmission performance. Distribution cables are polyethylene insulated telecom cables including between 10 and 400 pairs. They are used to interconnect trunk lines to individual homes and buildings. Internal cables (less than 25 pairs) are insulated with polyvinyl chloride (“PVC”) and used to link individual buildings to their respective external connection points which are located in close vicinity (“drop lines”). Internal cables are also used within commercial and residential buildings.

The following diagram depicts the production process for copper telecom cables:

Copper rod - > drawing - > drawing and insulating - > pairing - > cabling - > coating

Madeco produces all types of power transmission and distribution cables, including bare, rubber insulated or plastic insulated cables. Bare copper and aluminum cables are mainly used for high voltage transmission (69 kilovolts (“kV”) or more) and are usually installed outside urban areas. Copper or aluminum insulated cables, both with rubber and plastic, are most often used for electricity distribution within an urban area; rubber and plastic insulated cables are used for low and medium voltage distribution (0.3 kV 69 kV). In all three cases high voltage, medium voltage and low voltage the diameter of the cable is a function of the current which is to be transmitted.

Mining cables are copper cables insulated with rubber, a thermally stable material. These cables are usually low and medium voltage transmission cables (between 1 kV and 15 kV) and are used for heavy machinery like bulldozers, drilling machines, and mechanical excavators and loaders.

The Company produces two basic types of wires and cables for the manufacturers of durable goods and other industrial companies: plastic insulated wires and cables and magnetic wires. Plastic insulated wires and cables are copper conductors insulated with plastic materials such as polyethylene, PVC or polyester. These products are sold primarily to manufacturers of home appliances and to industrial companies for their internal energy distribution. All plastic insulated wires and cables are used for low voltage applications. Magnetic wires, which are made of drawn enameled copper wire, are sold to manufacturers of motors and generators, and are used for ignition or electronic coil applications and refrigeration units. The Company also produces round, square or rectangular magnetic wires insulated with cotton and/or paper, used by manufacturers of transformers.

The following diagram depicts the production process for bare, thermo-plastic and/or thermo-stable cables used in the mining, energy and industrial sectors:

Copper rod - > drawing - > cabling - > insulating - > protective sheathing - > cabling - > coating - > cutting

The following diagram depicts the production process for magnetic wires:

Copper rod - > drawing - > enameling - > cutting - > packing

The construction industry uses building wire, which is PVC insulated copper wire produced in a wide range of sizes (from 1.5 mm2 to 25 mm2). Building wire is used for multiple applications of internal low voltage distribution within a construction project, including electromotive applications and transmission of power and lighting, and is appropriate for both wet and dry applications. This kind of wire is most commonly sold to distributors and retailers.

The following diagram depicts the production process for building wire:

Copper rod - > drawing - > cabling - > insulating and/or coating - > cutting - > packing

The Company also produces optical fiber telecom cables. Optical fiber is produced from compact glass (silicon) filaments (0.125 mm diameter), which are purchased in sealed reels to protect them from external contamination. The filaments are insulated with polyethylene through an extrusion process and are then bundled in groups of twelve. The individual twelve-filament groupings can then be further bundled, creating thick optical fiber cables with a maximum of 144 filaments. The bundle is finally protected by polyethylene and/or metal insulation. Optical fiber cables are used mainly for trunk lines for both local and long distance telecom services.

The following diagram depicts the production process for optical fiber telecom cables.

Optical Fiber - > Insulating (Extrusion process) - > Bundling - > Insulation

 

Cables - Raw Materials

The principal raw materials used in the production of wires and cables are copper and aluminum as conductive materials and plastic and rubber for insulation. Historically, prices of copper, aluminum and metals in general have fluctuated greatly. The Company attempts to modify the selling prices of its products to respond to these fluctuations. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Fluctuations in LME Metal Prices and Exchange Rates between Currencies”.

Copper is the principal raw material used by the Company in the production of wire and cable products, representing approximately 84.0% of the total raw material costs for the Company’s Wire & Cable unit in 2006. The Company’s Brazilian unit purchases the majority of its copper from a domestic supplier, Caraiba Metais S.A., and the remainder from Madeco Chile. In 2006, copper purchases from Caraiba Metais S.A. and Madeco Chile represented approximately 60% and 40%, respectively, of total copper purchases. Combined, Xstrata Tintaya S.A., Southern Peru Copper Corporation and Sociedad Minera Cerro Verde S.A. are three large Peruvian mining companies, which together supply almost 100% of the Peruvian operation’s total copper requirements.

In Peru, Cobrecón S.A., an affiliate company, is the main supplier of copper rod. The Company, the Peruvian cable manufacturer, Conductores Eléctricos Peruanos (“Ceper”), and the Colombian cable manufacturer, Cables de Energía y Telecomunicaciones S.A. (“Centelsa”), each own a 33% equity participation in Cobrecón. In Chile, the Company owns a 41% share of Colada Continua S.A., which supplies copper rod to Madeco Chile. While in the past the Brazilian unit purchased the bulk of its copper rod directly from a domestic supplier, the Company has increased the supply of copper rod to Brazil from the Chilean copper rod production entity. The Company’s stake in these copper rod suppliers is an advantage which guarantees that the Company will have the raw material, it requires for wire and cable production.

In Chile, the government entity Corporación Chilena del Cobre (the Chilean Copper Corporation, or “Cochilco”) guarantees and regulates the supply of copper to all domestic manufacturers according to the Copper Reserve Law. On an annual basis, all Chilean copper customers must inform Cochilco of their estimated copper requirements for the upcoming year. Cochilco assigns the domestic copper demand to the various mining companies and establishes conditions for the sale of copper including price levels, which reflect London Metal Exchange, or “LME”, prices adjusted for a premium, less non-incurred expenses (freight and taxes) and related insurance costs. Copper purchases are made on a monthly basis, with copper prices determined by utilizing an average market price and payments are made prior to delivery. Cochilco establishes copper supply contracts and decides which terms are subject to annual renewal. Whether or not a Chilean copper customer was able to obtain its estimated annual copper requirements will be taken into consideration by Cochilco when renewing contracts. Chile is the only country in which the Company operates where copper purchases are organized and controlled by a government entity; such an arrangement does not exist in Peru, Brazil, Argentina or Colombia.

In Argentina copper rod is supplied by Madeco’s subsidiaries and related companies.

Aluminum, another principal raw material of the Company, is currently purchased separately by the respective operations in each country. In Peru and Argentina, the Company purchases its aluminum rod supplies from ALUAR (Argentina). In addition, in Peru, the Company also purchases its aluminum rod supplies from Siderúrgica del Norte (Colombia). In Brazil, the Company purchases aluminum rod supplies from Companhia Brasileira de Aluminio.

In October 2003, the Company signed an agreement for the supply of PVC for Chilean and Peruvian operations with Petroquímica Colombiana S.A.. The contract provides greater flexibility to the Company. In Brazil, the Company mainly purchases its PVC requirements on a monthly basis from two different suppliers, Karina Ind. Com. Plásticos and Dacarto Benvic S/A. In Brazil, there are no signed contracts with suppliers.

During 2006, Madeco signed a supply agreement with Borealis Compounds LLC USA (“Borealis”) for the supply of polyethylene for its operations in Chile, Brazil, Peru and Argentina. This supply agreement started in January 2006 and ended on December 31, 2006. In 2007, the Company agreed to purchase its polyethylene needs from Borealis and Dow Chemicals. The Company signed an agreement with Borealis that will last until the end of 2007, and an agreement with Dow Chemicals that will last until the end of 2009.

The Company has a choice of suppliers for other plastic and rubber materials and believes it is currently not dependent on any one supplier. In order to obtain more favorable price and payment terms for other insulation materials, the Company is evaluating the possibility of region-wide supply agreements for various types of raw materials.

The main raw material used in the production of optical fiber cable is optical fiber. Other raw materials used include thermoplastic materials, silicone filling compound, non-metallic strength elements between steel tapes or wires (in case of armored cables) and polyethylene as an outer jacket. The Company purchases its optical fiber supplies from Corning Fiber (USA) and Optomagic (Korea).

Madeco believes that its contracts and other agreements with third-party suppliers for the supply of raw materials for wire and cable products contain standard and customary terms and conditions. During the past ten years, the Company has not experienced any substantial difficulties in obtaining adequate supplies of necessary raw materials at satisfactory prices, nor does it expect to do so in the future.

 

Cables — The Company’s Sales and Distribution

The Company maintains direct relationships with each of its major customers and devotes substantial efforts toward developing strong, long-term relationships. In order to best serve the specific needs of the Company’s client groups, each sales representative is assigned to clients on an exclusive basis and clients are grouped based on industry and/or geographic region. Customer groupings include: distributors, durable goods manufacturers, mining, telecom and energy (utilities and industries) companies.

The Company’s Chilean sales force shares its sales staff with Madeco Chile’s Brass Mills unit. This combined sales force includes a Sales & Marketing manager, three supervisors, 12 sales representatives (two of them located in the southern region and one located in the northern region of the country to attend the mining industry), six sales assistants, one project engineer and one person in charge of marketing.

In Brazil, the Company has a total of 53 employees dedicated to sales, marketing and customer service; these individuals are geographically located across nine branch offices in the country's primary cities (Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Americana, Belo Horizonte, Curitiba, Brasilia, Recife, Porto Alegre and Salvador). The Brazilian sales efforts are divided into four sectors: the first sector includes power utilities, naval industries, transportation, etc.; the second sector includes cable distributors and durable goods manufacturers; the third sector includes telecom operators; and the forth sector includes OEM enameled wire consumers. These sectors serve the Company’s customer groupings through all of the Company’s nine branch offices. In addition to its proprietary sales force, Madeco retains sales representatives (who are not Company employees) on a contract basis, to serve those regions that are located far from the branch offices. Over the last couple of years Madeco has reduced the number of its sales representatives in Brazil as part of its Business Plan.

The Company’s sales force in Peru has 17 sales representatives and 10 sales assistants. Additionally, the Company maintains four proprietary retail outlets, located in the cities of Lima and Arequipa. Sales made through the retail stores represented approximately 5% of the total revenues generated in Peru.

The Company’s sales force in Argentina includes a Sales & Marketing manager, five sales representatives and two sales assistants. The sales force is located in Buenos Aires.

The Company’s wire and cable client base includes approximately 229 customers in Chile, 1,851 in Brazil, 1,615 in Peru, 352 in Argentina and 69 in its export markets (all countries other than Chile, Brazil, Peru or Argentina). The Company’s largest customer for the year 2006 was a Brazilian manufacturer and sales to this customer accounted for 6.0% of the Wire & Cable unit’s total revenues.

Given the unique tendencies that occur in each of the four countries in terms of demand levels among the various client sectors served by the Company’s wire and cable sales, information regarding sales by sector has been included on a country-by-country basis. The following charts show the Company’s sales breakdown by client grouping for each country for wire and cable products during the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:

 

The Company’s Chilean Customer Groupings
  % 2004 Revenues % 2005 Revenues % 2006 Revenues
Distributors 16% 13% 15%
Durable goods manufacturers 50% 53% 57%
Mining 11% 8% 8%
Energy 14% 16% 13%
Telecom 8% 5% 2%
Others 1% 5% 5%

 

The Company’s Brazilian Customer Groupings
  % 2004 Revenues % 2005 Revenues % 2006 Revenues
Distributors 24% 23% 24%
Telecom companies 5% 5% 6%
Energy 13% 19% 19%
Durable goods manufacturers 40% 44% 35%
Exports and others 18% 9% 15%

 

The Company’s Peruvian Customer Groupings
  % 2004 Revenues % 2005 Revenues % 2006 Revenues
Distributors 21% 23% 22%
Mining 4% 5% 5%
Energy 9% 14% 7%
Telecom 10% 11% 9%
Durable goods manufacturers 6% 5% 5%
Retail 5% 6% 5%
Exports and others 45% 36% 47%

 

The Company’s Argentine Customer Groupings
  % 2004 Revenues % 2005 Revenues % 2006 Revenues
Distributors 50% 48% 27%
Durable goods manufacturers 9% 6% 9%
Energy 36% 40% 52%
Telecom 0% 0% 0%
Exports and others 5% 6% 12%

 

While a small portion of the customers make cash payments for their purchase orders, the majority of sales were made with credit. The average payment period for the Company’s Wire & Cable business unit amounted to 56 days in 2006 versus 61 days in 2005.

Delivery or shipping of standard products that are in stock is made within a 48-hour period. In the case of customized products, the production time ranges between 30 and 90 days, depending upon the complexity of the cable being produced and the plant workload.

When products are completed and available for delivery, the Company either hires third-party transportation companies to deliver the finished goods to a customer’s plant or warehouse, or the customer picks up the products at the Company’s plant. The mode of transportation for exported products depends on the destination country; while ground transportation is used within the Southern Cone countries, sea transportation is used for exports to all other countries.


Cable - Market Demand and Industry Size Estimates

The principal users of the Company’s wire and cable products are the energy, mining, construction and telecom sectors as well as durable goods manufacturers. Additionally, some products are sold to the general public through retail operations.

The Company’s management believes that demand in the energy sector is typically dependent on new infrastructure projects, the energy regulation system and any energy deficits or surpluses that promote interconnection systems between countries or regions. In the mining sector, the Company’s management believes that the market prices of metals are a major determinant for new investment projects. While demand from durable goods manufacturers seems to depend primarily on gross domestic product, or “GDP” growth, demand from the construction sector appears to depend on GDP growth as well as interest rate and unemployment levels. The Company’s management believes that investments within the telecom sector are largely dependent on GDP growth. However, investment activity by telecom companies also depends on price regulations in each country and special situations such as privatization, among other factors. The Company’s management believes that demand within the telecom industry is affected by, among other things, a lack of investment in telecom cable networks and significant changes as copper telecom cables are being substituted with optical fiber cables and wireless technologies. In 2006, telecom cables and optical fiber represented 6.6% of the business unit’s revenues.

There are no formal third-party estimates on industry size for any of the countries in which the Company has wire and cable operations. The Company bases its estimates on published information from its competitors, import and export reports, the Company’s proprietary production and sales data, Chilean copper sales reports from Cochilco and production reports from the Company’s Chilean and Peruvian wire rod manufacturers. See “Presentation of Information”.

Given the unique evolution of the wire and cable industry within each individual country, discussion regarding the industry growth/shrinkage over the 2004-2006 period is included separately for each country. The following chart summarizes management’s estimates for the wire and cable industries (excluding copper wire rod) for the region in which the Company participates for the years 2004 through 2006:
 

Industry Size (in metallic tons(1))
Year Chile Brazil Peru Argentina Total Region
2004 25,801 192,000 13,386 37,409 268,596
2005 28,100 211,200 16,200 40,100 295,600
2006 26,500 213,400 17,275 45,500 302,675

(1) Measurement estimates for industry size only include metal (copper and/or aluminum); excludes insulation materials.

 

Chilean Wire & Cable Market. The following chart shows the Company’s estimates for the Chilean wire and cable industry (excluding copper wire rod) as well as the country’s GDP growth rates for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Year Industry Size
(in metallic tons(1))
GDP Rate (2)
2004 25,801 5.7%
2005 28,100 6.0%
2006 26,500 4.0%

(1) Measurement estimates for industry size include only metal (copper and/or aluminum), excluding insulation materials.
(2) The GDP rates for Chile presented above differs from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year 2004 and 2005 as a result of a change in the Chilean Central Bank’s calculation methodology in 2007.

 

In 2005, the electrical conductor market amounted to 28,100 tons (not including copper rod), which represents an increase of 9.0% with respect to 2004, due to a rise in one-time projects such as Proyecto Itata, Celulosa Arauco and CMPC (Compañía Manufacturera de Papeles y Cartones).

In 2006, the Chilean wire and cables market decreased to approximately 26,500 tons, due to the absence of both "mega projects" and new substantial private investment in the energy industry. In addition, during the last decade, the Company has also witnesed a considerable reduction in telephone cable consumption.

Brazilian Wire & Cable Market. The following chart shows the Company’s estimates for the Brazilian wire and cable industry (excluding copper wire rod) as well as the country’s GDP growth rates for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Year Industry Size
(in metallic tons(1))
GDP Rate (2)
2004 192,000 5.7%
2005 211,200 2.9%
2006 213,400 3.7%

(1) Measurement estimates for industry size include only metal (copper and/or aluminum), excluding insulation materials.
(2) The 2006 GDP rate for Brazil presented above differs from that presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year 2004 and 2005 as a result of a change in the calculation methodology by the Brazilian IGBE.

 

In 2005, the Brazilian GDP grew 2.9%, while the wire and cable market increased by 10.0% due to public and private investment in 2005 not present in previous years.

In 2006, the Brazilian GDP grew 3.7%, while the wire and cable market only increased by 1.9%. The smaller growth in the wire and cable market is primarily due to the slower overall growth of the Brazilian economy in 2005.

 

Peruvian Wire & Cable Market. The following chart shows the Company’s estimates for the Peruvian wire and cable industry (excluding copper wire rods) as well as the country’s GDP growth rates for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Year Industry Size
(in metallic tons(1))
GDP Rate
2004 13,386 5.2%
2005 16,200 6.4%
2006 17,275 8.0%

(1) Measurement estimates for industry size include only metal (copper and/or aluminum), excluding insulation materials.


In 2005, the size of the Peruvian wire and cable market increased by 21.0% compared to the prior year due to the rapid growth of the Peruvian economy. Also, there was important demand for thermo-plastic and thermo-stable cables from the energy sector.

In 2006, the size of the industry increased by 6.6%, less than the GDP growth of 8.0% due to the postponement of large infrastructure projects. Furthermore, Ceper reentered into the wire and cable market.

 

Argentine Wire & Cable Market. The following chart shows the Company’s breakdown for the Argentine wire and cable industry (excluding copper wire rods) as well as the country’s GDP growth rates for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Year Industry Size
(in metallic tons(1))
GDP Rate
2004 37,409 9.0%
2005 40,100 9.2%
2006 45,500 8.5%

(1) Measurement estimates for industry size include only metal (copper and/or aluminum), excluding insulation materials.

 

In 2005, the Argentine cable industry increased 7.2% compared with the previous year due to investment growth and growth in the construction and industrial sectors.

In 2006, the Argentine cable industry increased 13.5% compared with the previous year due to growth in the industrial sector, higher investments in the energy and construction sectors and investment by the government to revert energy deficits.

 

Wire & Cable - Market Share and Description of Competition

The Company strives to be a preferred supplier of wire and cable products in all the markets in which it participates based on its product portfolio as well as its high quality standards both in terms of products and customer service. The Company is implementing measures to strengthen its alliances with its key customer groups and to be the most reliable and competitive supplier for the distributors of its products. Madeco’s principal competitive advantages currently include the high quality of its products, competitive prices, a large commercial network, a diverse product portfolio and a recognized brand name.

There are no formal third-party estimates on market share and the Company bases its estimates on published information from its competitors, import and export reports, the Company’s own production and sales data, production reports from the Company’s wire rod manufacturing entities in Chile and Peru and reports from Cochilco. See “Presentation of Information”. Given the fact that the Company competes against different competitors in each of the four countries in which it has operations, market share and information regarding competitors has been separated by country.

Market Share and Competitors in the Chilean Cable Market. The following table sets forth the Company’s estimate of market share statistics for the Chilean copper wire and cable industry for the past three years:
 

  2004 2005 2006
The Company 37% 38% 30%
Cocesa 27% 26% 28%
Covisa 16% 17% 17%
Other Domestic 8% 7% 5%
Imports into Chile 12% 12% 20%

The Company’s market share calculation methodology includes products sold in Chile and sales from marketing and selling of imported products (mainly magnetic wire). Such imported products are not reflected in the Chilean sales volume because the Company’s definition of sales volume excludes sales from marketing and selling of imported products.


Madeco currently has two principal Chilean competitors in the wire and cable industry. Cocesa, which is owned by the international cable manufacturer Phelps Dodge Corporation (“PD”), has been in business since 1950. This competitor produces many of the same wire and cable products as those manufactured by the Company, except for magnetic wires and telecom cables, which are imported from other of Phelps Dodge’s facilities. Cocesa maintains its production facilities and headquarters in Santiago, and has a branch office in Antofagasta.

The Company’s other principal competitor is Covisa, a company that has been in business for 20 years and is owned by local investors. Covisa produces a variety of wires and cables, but does not manufacture magnetic wires and telecom cables. The headquarters and production facility are located in the city of Viña del Mar, and branch offices are located in Santiago and Concepcion. International wire and cable producers such as Prysmian (Brazil, ex Pirelli Group), Grupo Condumex S.A. de C.V. (“Condumex”, of Mexico), Conductores Monterrey S.A. de C.V. (Mexico) and Top Cable Sociedad Anonima (Spain) have been exporting products to Chile since 1997 and compete in the bidding processes in the Chilean mining, energy and telecom sectors.

In 2005, the Company’s market share increased by 1 percentage point, due to a rise in one-time projects such as Celulosa Arauco and CMPC (thermo stable cables) and contracts with Telefónica (telecom cables).

In 2006, the Company decreased its participation to 30% due to the termination of a purchase agreement with CTC (Compañía Telefónica de Chile or Chilean Telephone Company) for the sale of telecom cables and with CAM (Compañía Americana de Multiservicios or Multiservices American Company) which previously imported energy cables.

Market Share and Competition in the Brazilian Cable Market. The following table sets forth the Company’s estimate of market share statistics for the Brazilian wire and cable industry for the past three years:
 

  2004 2005 2006
The Company 16% 15% 15%
Phelps Dodge 11% 10% 12%
Pirelli 18% - -
Prysmian (ex-Pirelli) (1) - 10% 10%
Invex (ex-Pirelli) (1) - 9% 10%
Other Domestic 54% 55% 51%
Imports into Brazil 1% 1% 2%

(1) Pirelli sold its worldwide cable business unit in mid-2005. As a result of this transaction, in Brazil, Pirelli was divided in two companies: Prysmian and Invex.

 

Phelps Dodge, a subsidiary of Phelps Dodge Corporation, has its Brazilian headquarters and a production facility located in Sao Paulo and has been in operation since 1965, (formerly as Alcoa). PD produces bare aluminum wire and cable, building wire and copper and aluminum thermo-plastic and thermo-stable cables.

Pirelli sold its worldwide cable business unit in mid-2005, which was bought by a fund of Goldman Sachs. As a result, Pirelli Brazil was separated in two companies: Invex (the magnetic wire production facilities) and Prysmian (the energy and telecom wire production facilities). The Company believes that PD is one of the leading producers in Brazil of aluminum wire and cable products. Furukawa (Japan) sold its aluminum facilities to Nexans, and only competes in the telecom industry. Other competitors include the multinational Nexans (French), General Cables (USA) and Sao Marco (Mexico). In addition, CBA-Companhia Brasileira de Aluminio S.A. and Wirex are local producers.

In the latter part of 2002 and during the course of 2003, the Company focused its efforts on the development of specialty cables, and obtained internationally recognized certification for the technical characteristics of these cables.

In 2004, local Brazilian wire and cable manufacturers produced an estimated 190,080 tons of wire and cable products for sale in Brazil. Imported products amounted to 1,920 tons, or approximately 1% of the industry.

During 2005 the Company focused on improving profitability and therefore concentrated on product lines with better margins. As a result, the Company decreased its market share in product lines such as building wire.

In 2006, the Company evaluated the possibility of exploiting the European market during 2007. However, because of the difficulties involved in competing in the European market, due mainly to certain logistical and exchange rate disadvantages, efforts to penetrate this market were abandoned in 2006. In addition, the Company continued to focus on value added segments such as utilities and industrial cables.

Market Share and Competition in the Peruvian Cable Market. The following table sets forth the Company’s estimate of market share statistics for the Peruvian copper wire and cable industry for the past three years:
 

  2004 2005 2006
The Company 65% 71% 64%
Celsa 9% 11% 11%
Ceper 7% 0% 6%
Other Domestic 7% 6% 7%
Imports into Peru 12% 12% 12%

 

The Company estimates that it is the market leader in most of the product segments within the Peruvian cable industry: bare copper wire, copper and aluminum thermo-plastic and thermo-stable cables, building wire, magnetic wire and copper telecom cables. The Company’s principal Peruvian competitor is Conductores Electricos Peruanos (“Ceper”), founded in 1968; this company filed for bankruptcy at the end of 2001 and closed-down its facilities in 2004 due to financial difficulties. In November 2005, Ceper came back to the market and competed with the Company in almost every product line, except for smelted wire, but Ceper’s relative significance had decreased compared to that which it had experienced in the previous decade. However, in 2006, Ceper’s presence in the market negatively affected the Company’s market share in Peru. Conductores Electricos Lima (“Celsa”) produces building wire, copper thermo-plastic cables, copper thermo-stable cables and aluminum thermo-stable cables.

In 2004, the Company increased its market participation by one percentage point compared to the previous year, selling a total of 8,663 tons. This increase was accomplished despite strong competitive pressures from foreign competitors and Ceper’s withdrawal from the market during the last quarter of 2004 due to financial difficulties.

In 2005, the Company increased its market participation by 6 percentage points compared to the previous year, selling a total of 11,574 tons. In November 2005, Ceper came back to market with a low production level.

In 2006, the Company’s market share decreased by 7% due to competition from Ceper and the increase in low cost products from China and non-certified products and imitations. The Company’s sales volume was 11,211 tons.

Market Share and Competition in the Argentine Cable Market. The following table sets forth the Company’s estimate of market share statistics for the Argentine copper wire and cable industry for the past three years:
 

  2004 2005 2006
Prysmian Argentina 26% 24% 32%
Imsa 19% 20% 21%
Cimet 12% 12% 10%
The Company 5% 6% 9%
Other Domestic 35% 35% 21%
Imports into Argentina 3% 3% 8%

 

The Company currently has three principal Argentine competitors in the wire and cable industry. Prysmian, ex Pirelli Cables S.A.I.C. is the industry leader, with offices and production facilities in Buenos Aires. The Company believes Madeco is the leading supplier in Argentina of bare wire/cable, copper thermo-plastic and thermo-stable cables and building wire. Industria Metalúrgica Sudamericana S.A. (“Imsa”) is a local company which produces building wire and energy cable, and is the only manufacturer of magnetic wire in Argentina. Imsa’s offices and production facilities are located in Buenos Aires. Cimet S.A. is another local competitor and was originally a Phelps Dodge subsidiary which was subsequently acquired by Siemens and then by the Rasmuss Group of Chile. Cimet’s operations are located in Buenos Aires, producing a full range of copper and aluminum wire and cable products. The Company estimates that Cimet is the country’s leading supplier of copper telecom cables.

In 2005, the Company’s market share increased by 1 percentage point. The Quilmes facility started production of medium-voltage power cables. In addition, the Company consolidated its position within the aluminum wire market.

In 2006, the market share of the Company increased by 3%. This variation is mainly explained by the growth of the Company's market share in the energy sector, which increased sales volume in aluminium wire, medium-voltage power cables and underground copper cables.

 

Optical Fiber Cable

Madeco has participated in the optical fiber industry since 1997 with the acquisition of the Brazilian cable operation Ficap S.A. In June 1999 the Company created a joint venture, Ficap Optel Ltda., between its subsidiary Ficap and Corning. Ficap Optel Ltda. used to produce, sell and distribute optical fiber telecom cables. In April 2001, Corning increased its interest in Ficap Optel from 25% to 50% by acquiring a 25% interest from the Company such that both parties owned an equal 50% participation in the joint venture. As part of the joint venture agreement, Ficap Optel changed its name to Optel and acquired 99.9% of Optel Argentina S.A. (previously Corning Cable Systems Argentina S.A.), thereby expanding its optical fiber business into Argentina.

On June 27, 2002, Corning notified Madeco of its desire to liquidate the joint venture. The Company refused to liquidate the joint venture and requested an arbitration. On November 9, 2003, the arbitration suit was resolved against Madeco and the Joint Venture Agreement was declared lawfully terminated. As a result of the termination of the Joint Venture Agreement among others, i) the Company lost certain rights regarding the appointment of Optel’s management (consequently, the subsidiary was not consolidated into the December 31, 2003 financial statements) and ii) the Company was required to initiate the liquidation of Optel at Corning’s demand.

Until 2002, the Company produced optical fiber telecom cables, for which it had 2 production plants, one located in Brazil and the other in Argentina, with a combined installed capacity of 1,400,000 km. Due to the economic crisis in Brazil and Argentina, demand for Optel’s products, especially from the telecommunication industry, was negatively affected. As a result, during 2003 and 2004 Optel’s plants operated at reduced levels. The Company’s optical fiber cable subsidiary in Brazil sold telecom cables in stock but did not produce telecom cables. In Argentina, Madeco’s optical cable subsidiary Optel Argentina S.A. continued its operations, serving the local market and some neighboring countries.

On March 31, 2005, the Company and Corning reached an agreement whereby Corning sold its 50% interest in Optel Ltda. to the Company for the nominal amount of R$1. In accordance with the purchase agreement, Corning has executed a binding 2-year non-competition agreement not to compete in the markets where Optel currently operates. In addition, on March 31, 2005, the Company reached an agreement with two of Optel’s principal creditors to forgive US$5.3 million of US$7.3 million of indebtedness, and the difference was paid to the creditors. With the consummation of this transaction, the Company expects to recover a relevant position in the optical fiber industry, especially in those areas of South America where the Company has an industrial and commercial presence, however this division does not represent a significant share of the Company’s revenues. During 2006, the Optical Fiber division sold approximately 43,500 kilometers of optical fiber cable in Argentina, and more than 17,150 kilometers in the export markets.

In 2006, Decker-Indelqui's management assumed control of the administration and sales department of Optel in order to increase productivity and to develop a new business strategy, which is expected to increase sales during 2007.

 


Brass Mills

Since Madeco’s incorporation in 1944, the Company has been manufacturing pipe, bar and sheet products in Chile; the Company initiated the fabrication of aluminum based products (profiles, sheets and foil) in 1954.

In 1988, the Company acquired Armat, the sole private coin blanks producer in Chile dedicated to the production of coin blanks and minted coins made of copper and copper-based alloys for central banks. Madeco sends its coins to the Chilean Mint for minting and then exports the coins to the various central banks around the world.

The Argentine company, Decker S.A.I.C.A.F. e I. (“Decker”) was originally a Brass Mills operation founded in 1900 by Mr. Guillermo Decker. The Company acquired Decker in 1994. Decker-Indelqui S.A. was created in 1998 as a result of the merger of the Company’s two subsidiaries in Argentina; the merged entity is currently owned 99.86% by the Company and participates in both the Wire & Cable and Brass Mills businesses.

The following table includes the names of the Company’s subsidiaries dedicated to the production, sales and distribution of Brass Mills products:
 

Country Entity Name Division
Chile Madeco Chile
Armat S.A.
PBS(1)
Coins and sheets
Argentina Decker-Indelqui S.A. PBS(1)

(1) PBS = Pipes, Bars and Sheets

 

At the end of 2002, the Company merged Armat’s and its administrative tasks to minimize costs and improve efficiency. As a result, since 2003, Armat’s administrative activities such as finance, accounting, human resources, information systems, and supply are conducted from the Company’s head office in Santiago.

In the second half of 2003, as a result of the gradual recovery in the Argentine market, the Company decided to reopen its copper tubes and foundry operations at a limited capacity, and additionally decided to boost its sales and marketing department, for which the Company maintains 10 employees focused on the sale of local production to over 500 active clients including imports from Madeco Chile.

In October 2005, a complete restructuring of the production process at the Madeco Chile brass mills plant was implemented to reduce production costs. Low volume and labor-intensive products were discontinued. This restructuring effort yielded appreciably better results during 2006. The Company achieved a reduction in unit production costs of approximately 11%. Also, the Company now concentrates its production on standard products and/or orders of a minimum size.

The following table shows the Company’s annual net sales generated by the Brass Mills business unit for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Brass Mills Unit – Revenues (in Ch$ million)
Year PBS- Revenues Coins- Revenues Total Revenues % Consolidated Revenues
2004 80,873 8,005 88,878 25.9%
2005 75,155 6,431 81,586 21.9%
2006 109,636 9,744 119,380 21.4%

 

Brass Mills Unit – Sales Volumes (in tons)
Year PBS- Sales Volumes Coins- Sales Volumes Total Sales Volumes % Consolidated Volume(1)
2004 30,871 2,448 33,319 27.0%
2005 27,947 1,566 29,513 23.5%
2006 26,400 1,611 28,011 20.5%

(1) The percentages of consolidated volumes for 2005 differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2005 as a result of a change in the Company’s methodology.

 

The Brass Mills unit is Madeco’s second largest business segment in terms of revenues, representing 21.4% of consolidated revenues in 2006, however substitution due to increasing copper prices has negatively affected its performance, see “Item 3. Key Information – Risk Factors”. Of the four businesses, the Company’s Brass Mills unit is the most internationally diverse, with customers in over 20 countries. Export sales in 2006 amounted to approximately 63.5% of total revenues and 66.4% of total sales volume for the Company’s Brass Mills unit.

The following table shows the Company’s total revenues generated by the Brass Mills unit for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006, broken down by the subsidiary generating the sale:
 

Brass Mills Unit – Revenues (in Ch$ million)
Year Madeco Chile Decker-Indelqui Armat Inter-company Brass Mills Unit
2004 83,751 6,974 8,927 (10,774) 88,878
2005 78,805 7,348 7,014 (11,581) 81,586
2006 109,534 9,852 11,749 (11,755) 119,380

 

Brass Mills - Production

The Company’s pipe, bar and sheet, or “PBS”, operation in Chile has two production facilities located in the southern part of Santiago, a smelting furnace and a manufacturing plant for pipes, bars and sheets. Moreover, the Company has its coin blank manufacturing plant in Quilpue, approximately 120 kilometers from Santiago. The Company’s Argentine Brass Mills facilities are located near Buenos Aires, in Llavallol and Barracas. The following table includes information regarding each Brass Mills production facility:

 

Country Location Principal Products ISO Certification (1)
Chile San Miguel, Santiago Pipes and Bars 9001: 1998, 2004
  San Bernardo, Santiago Smelting Furnace, Sheets 9001: 1998, 2004
  Quilpue, Valparaiso Coin Blanks and Sheets 9001: 1997, 2006
Argentina Llavallol, Buenos Aires Sheets and Foundry 9001: 2004
  Barracas, Buenos Aires Pipes 9001: 2004

(1) In cases where two dates are included, the first date indicates the original certification and the second date indicates the most recent certification.

 

The Company’s Brass Mills operation produces pipe, bar and sheet products in a variety of copper, aluminum and brass alloys. Copper and brass pipes are used principally by the construction industry and its other bar and sheet products are used as raw material in the fabrication of electrical components, mechanical units and hardware fixtures. The Company also produces coin blanks and minted coins, made principally from copper-based alloys.

Production of pipes and/or sheet products begins by melting in a furnace the proper combination of metals and elements to obtain the desired alloy. The Company has two different types of foundry processes: electric and natural gas. The electric foundry is used to melt virgin raw material and to produce special alloys such as brass. The natural gas furnace, which can also operate with alternative energy sources such as diesel fuel or liquid gas, enables the Company to melt secondhand metals mixed with virgin metals and produce alloys which meet standard international requirements. The smelted material is then cast in vertical semi-continuous machines that produce different shapes depending on the final product; for example, cylinders are produced for pipes and rectangular bars are created for sheets, bars and busbars.

Copper and brass pipes are used primarily for heating and drinking water systems in the residential construction industry, the industrial sector, and the commercial construction industry. Copper pipes are also used for air conditioning, heating and refrigeration units, in the fabrication of various automobile parts and by other durable goods manufacturers. The Company’s pipe products range in diameter from 3/8 to 5 inches; pipes over 1 inch in diameter are produced in strips measuring up to 6 meters in length while pipes under 1 inch in diameter can be produced in strip or rolled form.


The following diagram depicts the production process for pipe products:

Billets

Metals - > smelting - > hot piercing - > drawing - > cutting - > annealing - > packing

Copper sheets are used mainly for roofing in the construction sector and for thermal isolation purposes (e.g., car radiators). Copper and brass sheets serve as raw material for decorative items such as picture frames and doors. Madeco also manufactures aluminum sheets, which are mainly used for packaging products for the mass consumer market as well as ducts. The vast array of products differs in terms of thickness, width and metal temper, depending on the application for which the final product will be used.

The following diagram depicts the production process for sheets:

Cakes

Metals - > Smelting - > hot rolling - > surface milling - > cold rolling - > annealing - > cutting - > packing

Copper busbars are principally used as heavy bars for control panels and serve as electrical conductors for low voltage and high amperage energy transmission. In general, the bar height is a function of the amperage; the greater amount of amperage to be transmitted, the greater the height. The Company produces bars up to eight inches in height. Brass bars are manufactured with a special leaded brass, which is a free cutting alloy necessary for the fabrication of bolts, nut or valves.

The following diagram depicts the production process for busbars and brass bars:

Billets

Metals - > Smelting - > extruding - > drawing - > cutting - > packing

Recently launched products in the PBS division include copper water outlets, new copper roofing designs, plastic covered copper pipes for the energy sector and silver-plated busbars for the mining industry.

Coin blanks and minted coins can be made from more than 30 different alloys. The main types of coin blanks and minted coins are copper-based (Nordic Gold, brass, nickel silver, copper-nickel or copper-aluminum–nickel), steel-based (electroplated, cladding and stainless steel), bimetallic (different alloys for the outer and inner ring) and commemorative (gold or silver). Madeco’s production specializes in four copper-based alloys: Nordic Gold (copper, aluminum, zinc and tin), brass (copper and zinc), nickel silver (copper, nickel and zinc) and bronze coins (copper plus nickel or copper, aluminum and nickel). The exact alloy mix in each case is determined by customer specifications.

The following diagram depicts the production process for coins:

Electric melting furnace - > horizontal continuous casting - > cold rolling - > annealing - > cold rolling - > blank cutting - > rimming - > annealing - > polishing - > sorting - > inspecting - > packing

In the case of minted coins, the central bank of each country provides the dies to produce the samples or ARMAT develops them with the cooperation of the Chilean Mint. Once approved, the minted coins are delivered under special security procedures to the vaults of the central bank, where they are carefully reviewed. Once the contract is completed, the dies are returned or destroyed and a certificate is emitted by the Chilean Mint certifying the amount of the coined currencies.

 

Brass Mills - Raw Materials

The primary raw materials used in the production of brass mills products are copper, aluminum, zinc, nickel and tin. Historically, prices of copper, aluminum and other metals in general, have fluctuated greatly. The Company attempts to modify the selling prices of its products to respond to these fluctuations. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Fluctuations in LME Metal Prices and Exchange Rates between Currencies”.

The Company purchases its copper supplies for its Brass Mills operations mainly from two large Chilean mining companies, Codelco and Enami, and two international mining companies, Escondida and Soc. Contractual El Abra. During 2006, the Company obtained most of its Brass Mills’ aluminum requirements from Aluminios Argentinos S.A.I.C. (“Aluar”, of Argentina) while in 2007, its aluminum supply come from both Aluar and Alcasa S.A. The Company’s zinc requirements are purchased mainly from Doe Run (Peruvian supplier). Nickel is purchased mainly from Inco Limited (Canada) and Companhia Niquel Tocantins S.A. (Brazil), and tin is purchased mainly from Minsur S.A. (Peru).

Madeco believes that its contracts and other agreements with third-party suppliers for the supply of raw materials for its brass mills products contain standard and customary terms and conditions. During the past ten years, the Company has not experienced any substantial difficulties in obtaining adequate supplies of necessary raw materials at satisfactory prices nor does it expect to do so in the future, see “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors”.

While the pipes, bars and sheets, or “PBS”, division and the coin division together constitute the Company’s Brass Mills business unit, the following discussions below have been separated into two sub-sections, PBS and Coins.

 

PBS – Sales by Destination

Madeco sells a large portion of its Brass Mills products in Chile and Argentina, where the Company has its production installations. Additionally, the Company exports pipes, bars and sheets to multiple countries, including the United States, as well as countries in Latin America, Europe and Asia. Export sales of the PBS division consist of all sales to customers in any country other than Chile or Argentina and represented 62.7% of the total division’s revenues for the year 2006. The following table shows Madeco’s annual net sales generated by the PBS division by destination for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

PBS Division – Revenues by Destination (in Ch$ million)
Year Chile Argentina Exports (1) PBS Division
2004 32,127 6,272 42,474 80,873
2005 27,560 7,007 40,588 75,155
2006 30,723 10,140 68,773 109,636

 

PBS Division – Sales Volumes by Destination (in tons)
Year Chile Argentina Exports (1) PBS Division
2004 9,622 2,631 18,618 30,871
2005 9,177 2,726 16,044 27,947
2006 6,937 2,432 17,031 26,400

(1) Exports of the PBS division consist of all sales to customers in any country other than Chile or Argentina.

 

In 2006, PBS division revenues increased by Ch$34,481 million or 45.9% compared to the previous year. This increase was due to higher average prices, in spite of a reduction of 5.5% in sales volume due to the negative effects of product substitution. Revenues in Chile and Argentina increased compared to the previous year by 11.5% and 44.7%, respectively. Exports also increased in 2006 by 69.4% as compared to 2005.

 

PBS – The Company’s Sales and Distribution

The Company attempts to maintain close relationships with each of its major customers and devotes substantial efforts toward developing strong long-term relationships. In order to best serve the specific needs of Madeco’s client groups, each sales representative is assigned to clients on an exclusive basis and clients are grouped together based on industry and/or geographic region.

The Company’s Chilean sales force shares its sales staff with Madeco Chile’s Wire & Cable unit. This combined sales force includes a Sales & Marketing manager, three supervisors, 12 sales representatives (two of them located in the southern region and one located in the northern region of the country to serve the mining industry), six sales assistants, one project engineer and one person in charge of marketing. Customer groupings in the Chilean market include: retail companies, electronic and electric appliance manufacturers, aluminum foil and sheet buyers, durable goods manufacturers and mining. The Company also utilizes the Chilean wire and cable commercial network to market and sell its Brass Mills products to other customer segments.

In Argentina, the Company has a total of 13 employees dedicated to sales and customer service. There is a head of sales and 10 salesmen, 8 of whom are located in Buenos Aires, one in Cordoba and the other in Rosario.

The Company’s PBS operations have 151 clients in Chile, 560 Argentine customers and 93 customers in its export markets. In 2006, the largest customer was a PBS product distributor in Chile, and sales to this customer accounted for 11.3% of the Company’s total revenues generated from the sale of pipes, bars and sheets.

Given the unique tendencies that occur in each of the markets served by the Company’s Brass Mills business unit, information regarding sales by sector has been included on a country-by-country basis. The following charts show the Company’s sales breakdown by client grouping for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

The Company’s Chilean Customer Groupings
  % 2004 Revenues % 2005 Revenues % 2006 Revenues
Retail and Distributors 68% 64% 65%
Durable good manufacturers 12% 17% 18%
Mining 8% 7% 7%
Electric appliance manufacturers 4% 5% 3%
Aluminum 2% 3% 3%
Others 6% 4% 4%

   

The Company’s Argentine Customer Groupings
  % 2004 Revenues % 2005 Revenues % 2006 Revenues
Retail and Distributors 48% 50% 48%
Construction 17% 17% 18%
Durable good manufacturers 23% 24% 22%
Others 12% 9% 12

 

Delivery or shipping of standard products that are in stock is made within a 48-hour period. In the case of customized products, the production time ranges between 30 and 90 days, depending upon the complexity of the item being produced and the plant workload. The Company implemented an automated production programming system (Scheduler) in its Chilean operation in order to improve production flow and consequently shorten the time period between the ordering and delivery of customized products. When products are completed and available for delivery, the Company either hires third-party transportation companies to deliver the finished goods to a customer’s plant or warehouse, or the customer picks up the products at the Company’s plant. The mode of transportation for exported products depends on the destination country: while ground transportation is used within the Southern Cone countries, sea transportation is used for exports to all other countries.

 

PBS – Market Demand and Industry Size Estimates

The principal users of the Company’s pipe, bar and sheet products are the mining, energy, and construction sectors, as well as durable goods manufacturers. The Company’s management believes that overall demand for its Brass Mills products is largely dependent on GDP growth. Investments within the mining and energy sectors are also largely dependent on new infrastructure projects. Investment activity and/or demand for the Company’s products from the construction sector, durable goods manufacturers and retail operations depend largely on the country’s GDP growth. While demand from durable goods manufacturers seems to depend primarily on GDP growth, demand from the construction sector appears to depend both on GDP growth as well as interest rates and unemployment levels. However, the negative effects of product substitution are eroding the performance of this business, see “Item 3. Key Information – Risk Factors”.

There are no formal third-party estimates on industry size for any of the countries in which Madeco has Brass Mills operations and the Company bases its estimates on published information from its competitors, import and export reports and the Company’s proprietary production and sales data. See “Presentation of Information”.

Given the unique evolution of the brass mills industry within each individual country or segment, discussions regarding the industry growth/shrinkage over the 2004-2006 period are included separately for Chile and Argentina.

Chilean PBS Market. The following chart shows the Company’s estimates for the Chilean pipe, bar and sheet industry as well as the country’s annual GDP growth rate for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Year Industry Size
 (in tons)
GDP Rate (1)
2004 17,407 5.7%
2005 15,900 6.0%
2006 12,905 4.0%

(1) The annual GDP rates for Chile presented above differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2004 and 2005 as a result of a change in Chilean Central Bank’s calculation formula and methodology.

 

The Company estimates that the industry size for copper and brass products for 2006 decreased 18.8% compared with the previous year due mainly to higher copper prices and the effects of increased substitution.

 

Argentine PBS Market. The following chart shows the Company’s estimates of the Argentine pipe, bar and sheet industry as well as the country’s GDP growth rates for the years 2004 to 2006:
 

Year Industry Size
(in tons)
GDP Rate
2004 17,773 9.0%
2005 23,300 9.2%
2006 21,700 8.5%

 

In recent years, competition from the Argentine PVC pipes sector has been increasing. While copper pipes are used for both water and sewage systems in commercial buildings and high-income private housing, PVC pipes dominate the medium and lower-income housing construction segments. Although copper pipes outperform PVC pipes in terms of mechanic resistance and durability, PVC pipes are popular due to their lower prices.

In 2005, the industry size increased by 31.1% compared with the previous year mainly due to the recovery of the brass bars market, and to a lesser extent, the growth of construction and industry and the corresponding increase in the sale of copper strips and pipes.

In 2006, industry size decreased by 6.9%, compared with the previous year, explained by the unit’s product substitution due to higher copper prices.

Due to the expected growth in demand for ethanol, the Company is currently exploring the possibility of selling pipes used in sugar mills to produce ethanol in Brasil, Colombia and Central America.

 

PBS – Market Share Estimates and Description of Competition

The Company strives to be a preferred supplier domestically and globally, meeting international quality standards and delivering excellent customer service. Madeco’s principal competitive advantages currently include the high quality of its products, competitive prices, a large commercial network, a diverse product portfolio and a recognized brand name.

There are no formal third-party estimates on market share and the Company bases its estimates on published information from its competitors, import and export reports and the Company’s own production and sales data. See “Presentation of Information”. Given the fact that the Company competes against different competitors in both of the countries in which it has operations, market share and information regarding competitors has been separated by country.

Market Share and Competition in the Chilean PBS Market. The following table sets forth the Company’s estimate of market share statistics for the Chilean pipe, bar and sheet industry for the past three years:
 

  2004 (1) 2005 (1) 2006
The Company 55% 58% 54%
Cembrass 26% 26% 26%
Tecob 0% 3% 4%
Conmetal 9% 9% 10%
Offermanns 2% 2% 0%
Other Domestic 0% 0% 0%
Imports into Chile 8% 4% 6%

(1) The Market Share statistics presented in this table differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2004 and 2005 as a result of a change in the Company’s estimation methodology.

 

The Company is the largest local producer of pipes, bars and sheets in Chile, with an estimated market share of 54% for the year 2006. The Company believes that it is the leading producer in Chile for copper pipes, bars and sheets.

The Company’s primary competitor in the copper pipe segment is Themco-Conformadores de Metales S.A. (“Conmetal”). Conmetal manufactures rigid copper pipes and small copper bars and was founded in 1995 by Themco, a large plastic pipe and fitting conglomerate. In order to increase its production capacity, Conmetal inaugurated a new plant facility in 2004. The Company estimates that the leader in the brass bars segment is Cembrass S.A. (“Cembrass”). Cembrass is a subsidiary of CEM (one of Chile’s manufacturers of residential water heaters). Smaller competitors are Electro Copper Ltda. and Aceros y Metales S.A.

In 2005, the Company’s competitor, Tecob, re-entered the market. By October, a complete restructuring of the production process at the Company was implemented to improve efficiency and reduce production costs. As a result, low volume and labor-intensive products were discontinued.

In 2006, due to a constant increase in the price of copper and product substitution by plastic pipes (mainly due to these higher prices), sales volumes decreased by 5.5%, however, this effect was offset by higher product prices.

Market Share and Competition in the Argentine PBS Market. The following table sets forth the Company’s estimate for market share statistics of pipe, bar and sheet products for the past three years:
 

  2004 2005 2006
Pajarbol-Cembrass 15% 21% 23%
Sotyl 13% 13% 14%
The Company 14% 12% 11%
Vaspia 7% 7% 7%
Quimetal 7% 7% 6%
Other Domestic 33% 27% 25%
Imports into Argentina 11% 13% 15%

 

The Company’s principal competitor in Argentina is Pajarbol S.A.; this company was founded in 1957 and is the largest producer of high quality brass bars in Argentina. Sotyl S.A. was founded in 1973 and principally produces brass sheets. Vaspia S.A.I.C. was founded in 1960 and is a producer of brass bars, profiles, valves and hardware fixtures. Industrias Quimetal S.A.I.C. was founded over 30 years ago and has a modern plant specializing in copper pipe production for refrigeration and heating units.

In 2004, the Company increased its market share by one percentage point, mostly due to an increase in demand from the industrial sector. Pipes used in water related activities continue to be challenged by the presence of alternative products, such as plastic or PVC. Sales volume in the sheet sector decreased due to competitive pressures from local producers and high supplier turnover rates. The Company grew in terms of tons sold from 2,266 in 2003 to 2,520 in 2004, of which imports represented 382 tons, or a 31% increase compared to the previous year.

In 2005, the Company’s market share decreased by two percentage points. That was a consequence of the growth of the brass bar market, a segment of the market in which the Company does not actively participate.

In 2006, the Company’s market share decreased by one percentage point primarily as a result of a reduced volume in the copper and brass sheets markets where the Company lost relevant share. However, this negative effect was offset in part through the consolidation by the Company of its leadership position in the manufacturing and sales of pipes.

 

Coins – Sales by Destination

Madeco sells the bulk of its coin products to countries outside Chile; export sales represented 71.7% of the total coin revenues for the year 2006. The following table shows Madeco’s annual net sales by destination for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Coins Division – Revenues by Destination (in Ch$ million)
Year Chile Exports (1) Coins Division
2004 771 7,234 8,005
2005 1,052 5,379 6,431
2006 2,756 6,988 9,744

 

Coins Division – Sales Volumes by Destination (in tons)
Year Chile Exports (1) Coins Division
2004 97 2,351 2,448
2005 9 1,557 1,566
2006 39 1,572 1,611

(1) Exports for the Coins division consist of all sales to customers in any country other than Chile.

 

In 2006, the Company’s coins and coin blanks revenues increased 51.5% compared with 2005, mainly due to an important supply contract bid won with the Chilean Mint.


Coins – The Company’s Sales and Distribution

Manufacturing of coin blanks starts only when customers settle the orders and sign a formal contract. The sales department is run by a Sales & Marketing Manager who participates in bid processes, opening new potential markets and maintaining good relationships between the Company and its customers. The Company also hires agents in many countries to act as representatives according to local legal requirements.

The Company’s sales process begins with a bidding process, which can be either public or private, depending on the country. In the case of a public bid, any coin manufacturer has the right to make a sales quote. In contrast, manufacturers must be invited to participate in a private bid. In the case of bids made to Europe, Central and South America, the price determined by the Company usually has two components: a fixed price for the conversion of metal to coin blanks and a variable price for the metal used, based on prices quoted on the LME.

The Company’s largest clients are central banks and coin mints. This business is dependent upon the replenishment of coin supplies by the respective country’s central bank and/or mints, making for purchase patterns that are infrequent in nature but high in terms of sales volume. The Company’s key customers in 2006 were Casa de Moneda de Chile (Chilean Mint) with 31% of total coin sales; Central Bank of Costa Rica with 25% of total coin sales and S.E. Casa de Moneda Argentina (Argentinean Mint) with 19% of total coin sales.



 

Flexible Packaging

In 1961, Alusa S.A. was founded jointly by the Company and the Zecchetto and Arduini families with the objective of producing, selling and distributing flexible packaging products printed by rotogravure method. Also, this company sold foil wrapping attending industrial clients in the mass consumer market. In order to strengthen its strategic position within the two segments in which it then participated, Alusa separated its flexible packaging operations from its complementary business, the fabrication of aluminum foil and plastic wrap (both mass consumer products for home and commercial use) in 1994. In the same year, Alusa acquired Vigaflex (renamed as Alupack), a local company engaged in the flexographic packaging market.

The Company began the international expansion of its flexible packaging business in 1993 with the creation of Aluflex and the greenfield construction of a plant in San Luis, Argentina. The objective of the new operation was to supply the large mass consumer product companies in Argentina, as well as access the immense Brazilian potential market. In addition, the plant’s location is optimal to serve as a secondary production source to fulfill peaks in Chilean demand and vice versa.

Alufoil was established in 1995 as a subsidiary of Alusa to provide mass consumer products such as aluminum foil, trash bags and plastic wrap and industrial products such as ice cream cone wrapping, aluminum taps and other products. In November 2004, Alusa sold some of Alufoil’s assets (trademark, machinery and some current assets) related to mass consumer products to Cambiaso Hermanos S.A. for Ch$1,385 million (historic value). Remaining industrial business lines were absorbed by Alusa.

In 1996, Alusa S.A. entered into the Peruvian packaging market by acquiring a 25.0% and 25.6% interest in Peruplast S.A. and Tech Pak S.A., repectively. Both companies are leaders in the flexible packaging Peruvian market.

During 2006, several structural changes were implemented in this business unit. To consolidate the development of the Argentinean subsidiary, Aluflex, a new CEO was hired and two sub-divisions were created. In addition, a new Sales & Marketing Manager and a Technical and Development Manager were hired by Alusa, as well as three new sub-divisions were added (Plant, Exports and Operations).

On March 1, 2007, Alusa increased its stake in Peruplast from 25.0% to 39.5% by acquiring an additional 10,984,402 shares for US$3.19 million. On the same date, it increased its interest in Tech Pak from 25.0% to 50.0% by acquiring an additional 12,228,371 shares for US$5.29 million.

Concurrently, Nexus Group, a Peruvian investor, signed individual sales contracts, whereby it will acquire the requisite number of shares of Peruplast and Tech Pak necessary to hold interests in each of these companies equal to those held by Alusa. On the date that the payments were made and the shares were transferred, Alusa and Nexus Group entered into a shareholders agreement to designate the management of both of the acquired companies whereby Alusa chose the new CEO and Nexus Group the new CFO.

Alusa and Nexus Group plan to further increase their holdings in Peruplast by purchasing the remaining 21.0% from Shintec S.A. Following the purchase, Alusa and Nexus Group will each own a 50.0% interest in Peruplast. Thereafter, the Company plans to merge Peruplast and Tech Pak.

The following table includes the names of the Company’s subsidiaries dedicated to the production, sales and distribution of flexible packaging products:
 

Country Entity Name
Chile Alusa S.A.
Argentina Aluflex S.A.
Peru Tech Pak S.A.
Peru Peruplast S.A.

 

Flexible Packaging - Summary of Sales

The following table presents the Company’s annual net sales generated by the Flexible Packaging business unit for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Flexible Packaging Unit
Year Revenues
(in Ch$ million)
% Consolidated Revenues Sales Volume
(in tons)
% Consolidated Volume (1)
2004 47,723 13.9% 16,361 13.3%
2005 45,086 12.1% 14,527 11.6%
2006 46,198 8.3% 15,649 11.5%

(1) The percentages of consolidated volumes for 2005 differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2005 as a result of a change in the Company’s methodology.

 

In 2006, revenues increased by 2.5% from Ch$45,086 million to Ch$46,198 million. The increase in revenues was attributable to higher revenues corresponding to the Argentine operations of Aluflex, which rose by 22.1% as a consequence of a change in the sales strategy, which favored higher value-added products. The increase in revenues was partially offset by lower sales associated with Alusa’s Chilean operations, which declined by 5.3% due to lower average sales prices as a result of a lower exchange rate, partially offset by an increase in sales volume.

The consolidated sales volume of the Flexible Packaging unit amounted to 15,649 tons in 2006, a 7.7% increase compared to the 14,527 tons sold the previous year. The companies compounding this business unit of this business unit increased their sales volumes by 3.0% and 8.1% (Chile and Argentina), respectively.

The Company mainly sells its flexible packaging products in the same markets where it maintains its operations. Additionally, Madeco exports flexible packaging products to various countries, both within Latin America and abroad; export sales represented 16.7% of the total unit’s revenues for the year 2006.

The following tables present the Company’s annual net sales generated by the Flexible Packaging business unit by destination for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:

 

Flexible Packaging Unit - Revenues by Destination (in Ch$ million)
Year Chile Argentina Exports (1) Flexible Packaging Unit
2004 30,449 10,593 6,681 47,723
2005 28,281 10,459 6,346 45,086
2006 27,013 11,485 7,700 46,198

 

Flexible Packaging Unit – Sales Volumes by Destination (in tons)
Year Chile Argentina Exports (1) Flexible Packaging Unit
2004 10,171 3,867 2,323 16,361
2005 8,581 3,828 2,118 14,527
2006 8,838 4,137 2,674 15,649

(1) Exports of the Flexible Packaging unit consist of all sales to customers in any country other than Chile or Argentina.


The following table presents the Company’s Flexible Packaging business unit total revenues for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006, broken down by the subsidiary that generated the sale:

Flexible Packaging Unit – Revenues by Subsidiary (in Ch$ million)
Year Alusa (1) Aluflex Inter-company Flexible Packaging Unit
2004 35,320 12,403 0 47,723
2005 32,222 12,865 (1) 45,086
2006 30,514 15,703 (19) 46,198

(1) Alusa sold certain of Alufoil’s assets, including the trademark related to its mass consumer products, to Cambiaso Hermanos S.A. in November 2004.


Flexible Packaging - Production

The Company has a total of four modern facilities for the production of flexible packaging products. The Chilean and the Argentine subsidiaries each have a production plant and the subsidiary located in Peru has two facilities. The following table presents information regarding each flexible packaging production facility including plant location, principal products manufactured and ISO or AIB certification:
 

Country (1) Location Principal Products ISO or AIB Certification (2)
Chile Quilicura, Santiago Flexographic, Rotogravure 9001: 1997, 2006
Argentina San Luis Flexographic, Rotogravure 9001: 1998, 2004
Peru Lima Flexographic, Rotogravure AIB International Certificate.
Peru Lima Flexographic, Rotogravure AIB International Certificate.

(1) As of March 2007, the Company consolidated the Peruvian facilities in its financial statements.
(2) In cases where two dates are included, the first date indicates the original certification and the second date indicates the most recent certification.

 

Flexible packaging products include candy wrappers, bags for cookies, snack foods, fresh and frozen products, diapers and personal hygiene products, envelopes for powdered soups and juices, flexible bags for ketchup and mayonnaise and for cleaning products such as laundry detergents, labels for beverage bottles, peel-off lids and labels for yogurt containers and wrappers for ice cream products. All of the Company’s products are manufactured in accordance with international requirements and customized to meet individual customer specifications.

Production of flexible packaging products begins in pre-press. The principal pre-press process involves the digital design for packaging graphics, including color separation, text and layout. There are two forms of printing: rotogravure and flexographic. The rotogravure printing process involves diamond-etching a cylinder for each product’s color layer. It is appropriate for high-volume orders. Flexographic printing process requires a polymer plate (one for each color) with the design to be printed, that is added over a metallic cylinder. The flexographic method is better suited for lower price packaging due to the method’s lower costs and inferior printing quality.

Traditionally, machinery and equipment requirements for rotogravure printing have been greater than for flexographic printing, and as a result, flexographic printing has been more commonly used. While the flexographic printing quality has traditionally been inferior to the rotogravure method in terms of printing clarity and quality, these differences have been diminishing over time as the quality and equipment investments in the flexographic printing method have increased.

Production of flexible packaging products continues by combining the different layers of material(s) required for each particular packaging order; the combination of materials depends on the product’s requirements, such as impermeability, desired shelf life and cost considerations. Flexible packaging products are made from any combination of the following: plastics (such as polypropylene, polyethylene and/or polyester), aluminum foil, paper, wax and adhesives. The most common packaging types are single-layer and multi-layer, coextruded barrier films, doy pack containers and metallized films. Many of the packaging component materials are purchased in film rolls. Due to the high volume of polyethylene used in flexible packaging, this raw material is purchased in pellet form (resin) and extruded at the Company’s facilities into rolls of the appropriate diameter, thickness, width and color for each particular order.

After the printing process, additional laminates and any other necessary layers are attached using adhesives between layers. Finally, the rolls are cut, folded (if necessary) and packaged. The following diagram depicts the flexible packaging production process:

Graphic designing - > extrusion of polyethylene - > printing - > laminating & layering (as required) - > cutting (as required) - > folding (as required) - > packing

 

Flexible Packaging - Raw Materials

The principal raw materials used in the production of flexible packaging are plastics (i.e.: polypropylene, polyethylene, resin and polyester), paper, aluminum foil, ink, adhesives and solvents.

The principal polypropylene film suppliers for Alusa in Argentina and Chile are Sigdopack S.A., Polo/Quimatic S.A. and Vitopel S.A. The main polyethylene resin suppliers in 2006 were Dow Chemical Company subsidiaries, PBB Polisur S.A (Argentina), Petroquímica Dow S.A., and Dow Química Chilena, S.A. These three subsidiaries provided approximately 24% of the raw materials used by the Company in 2006. However, the Company can access other sources when price and delivery terms are more favorable.

The Company obtains most of its aluminum film requirements from Aluar (Argentina) and Hydro Aluminum Deutschland GMBH (Germany). However, the Company can access other sources when price and delivery terms are more favorable

Paper is purchased from suppliers in Chile, Brazil, Italy and Sweden. The Company purchases its various adhesives from Henkel Chile S.A. and Rhom & Hass Chile Ltda. Dye is purchased from Sun Chemical Ink S.A. and Flint Ink.

Although the existence and competitiveness of diverse suppliers both within the region and internationally provide the Company with multiple alternatives in terms of attractive prices and payment terms, the increase in demand for raw material products on a global level during last time has caused a sharp increase in raw material prices. In any case, Madeco believes that all contracts or other agreements between it and third-party suppliers with respect to the supply of raw materials for flexible packaging contain standard and customary terms and conditions. The Company does not believe that it is dependent on any one supplier for a significant portion of its important raw materials for its Flexible Packaging production. During the past ten years, the Company has not experienced any material difficulties in obtaining adequate supplies of necessary raw materials at satisfactory market prices nor does it expect to do so in the future.

 

Flexible Packaging - The Company’s Sales and Distribution

In both Chile and Argentina, Madeco dedicates substantial effort toward developing strong long-term relationships with each of its major customers. The Company recognizes the importance of packaging to the customer, both in terms of cost and as an important marketing tool. Moreover, strong client relationships foster the potential to jointly develop new packaging ideas.

In Chile, Alusa’s sales force includes one Sales & Marketing manager, one sub-manager of exports, one administrative employee and eight salesmen. Among the salesmen mentioned, seven are responsible for local customers and one for exported products. Alusa also has a Customer Service Department composed of six customer service representatives.

In Argentina, the sales department includes one Sales & Marketing manager, three sales executives, each responsible for a portfolio of customers, and three sales assistants.

Additionally, in each country the Company has a team of technical advisors specialized in flexible packaging structures, which works closely with the Company's main customers in the development of new products, innovation of existing products and customization of requirements to match machine’s specifications of every client.

The Company has a representative office in Brazil, and agents in Mexico, Bolivia, Central America and the United States.

The Company’s Flexible Packaging unit has approximately 100 active customers in Chile, which include multinational companies, such as Nestlé, Unilever and Procter & Gamble, and local regional companies, such as Córpora and Carozzi. The Company also has approximately 30 clients in Argentina. The Company’s largest customers in 2006 are in the food and hygiene industries. The Company’s largest customer accounted for 11.4% of the units’ total consolidated revenues in 2006. Given the unique tendencies that occur in Chile and Argentina in terms of demand levels among the various client sectors served by the Company’s Flexible Packaging business unit, information regarding sales by sector has been included on a country-by-country basis.

The following table presents Madeco’s sales breakdown by client grouping for each country for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

The Company’s Chilean Customer Groupings % 2004
Revenues
% 2005
Revenues
% 2006
Revenues
Concentrated & dehydrated products 21% 23% 28%
Ketchup & tomato sauces 11% 12% 13%
Mayonnaise & mustard 2% 2% 1%
Condiments 4% 4% 4%
Biscuits, candies & snacks 24% 22% 16%
Dairy products 13% 12% 11%
Petfood 2% 4% 4%
Cleaning & Personal Care 13% 13% 13%
Others 10% 8% 10%

 

The Company’s Argentine Customer Groupings(1) % 2004
Revenues
% 2005
Revenues
% 2006
Revenues
Concentrated & dehydrated products 4% 5% 5%
Ketchup & tomato sauces 2% 4% 9%
Mayonnaise & mustard 30% 30% 39%
Condiments 0% 0% 0%
Biscuits, candies & snacks 20% 15% 11%
Dairy products 0% 0% 0%
Petfood 30% 32% 25%
Cleaning & Personal Care 11% 10% 10%
Others 3% 4% 1%

(1) The Argentine Customer Groupings presented above differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2004 and 2005, as a result of a change in the Company’s methodology.


In general, all of the Company’s Flexible Packaging unit’s customers can buy on credit. While a very small portion of the customers make cash payments for their purchase orders, the majority of sales (over 99% in 2006) were made under credit conditions.

Within the Flexible Packaging unit, the average payment period remained stable at approximately 82 days in 2006 (74 days in 2005). Uncollectible accounts as a percentage of total unit revenues amounted to 0.34% for the year 2005 and 0.42% for the year 2006.

Delivery time of packaging products which require new graphics can be up to 30 days; for those products with repeat graphics, delivery time is approximately 20 days. Subsequent to production completion, the Company hires third-party distribution companies to deliver finished goods to the customer’s plant or warehouse. The mode of transportation for exported products depends on the destination country, but the most prevalent mode of transportation is by ocean freight.

 

Flexible Packaging - Market Demand and Industry Size Estimates

The principal clients of the Company’s flexible packaging products are multinational and domestic mass consumer product companies within the food, snacks and personal care segments.

In Chile, the demand for flexible packaging products is similar to the moderate growth of the local economy. Therefore, the Company believes that in order to increase sales volumes at a higher rate than that of the local economy, it would need to explore opportunities in entering new markets, especially those in foreign markets, the national market for seafood packaging (principally salmon products) and with multinational clients.

Over the last few years, the Company has observed several factors within the industry such as: increasing industry concentration, product biddings between few manufacturers and concentrated demand as a result of mergers and acquisitions of companies of mass consumer products. In spite of these adverse conditions, the Company believes that this industry will display favorable opportunities because of a growing trend among multinational companies to work with fewer suppliers.

There are no formal third-party estimates on industry sales volume, and the Company bases its estimates on published information from its competitors, supermarket sales estimates, import reports of raw materials and the Company’s own sales data. See “Presentation of Information”.

Given the unique evolution of the flexible packaging industry within each country, information regarding the industry’s evolution over the 2004-2006 period is included separately for Chile and Argentina.

Chilean Flexible Packaging Market. The following chart summarizes management’s estimates for the Chilean flexible packaging industry and the supermarket sales index for the years 2004 through 2006:
 

Year Industry Size (1)
(in tons)
2004 29,797
2005 30,000
2006 31,200

(1) The industry sizes for Chile presented above differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2004. That report does not include the aluminum foil and plastic wrap market because the Company exited that market in November 2004 when it sold certain of Alufoil’s assets.

 

From 2004 to 2006, the size of Chilean flexible packaging industry increased due to the industry’s ability to provide the global market with high quality and innovative products, despite the decreasing client base that has plagued the industry, which is due, in large part, to mergers and acquisitions within the mass consumer market. Although demand has been effectively concentrated in the hands of a few key players, the Chilean industry has, in many cases, been able to maintain its market share or, in some cases, even increase it.

Argentine Flexible Packaging Market. The following chart summarizes management’s estimates for the Argentine flexible packaging industry for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Year Industry Size (1)
(in tons)
2004 85,500
2005 88,212
2006 97,033

(1) The industry sizes for Argentina presented above differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2004 and 2005 due to updated figures.

 

The Argentine economy grew 9.0% during 2004. This growth was accompanied by an increase in consumer spending and a stable exchange rate. These favorable economic conditions stimulated the sales activity in all sectors of the economy.

The Argentine economy grew 9.2% during 2005. This growth was accompanied by an increase in consumer spending and a stable exchange rate.

During 2006, the Argentine economy grew by 8.5 %. This growth was attributable to a continuous increase in exports of 15.4% in 2006 compared to 2005.

In addition, during 2006, the growth of the Argentine economy was complemented by an increase in internal consumption. The Company believes that an expanding economy and increasing internal consumption imply that the Argentine flexible packaging market will present interesting growth opportunities in the short term.


Flexible Packaging - Market Share and Description of Competition

Madeco’s primary competitive advantages are its market leadership and a recognized brand name. Moreover, given that the Company has four large flexible packaging plants, one in Chile, one in Argentina, and two in Peru, Madeco is considered to be one of the few companies capable of producing consolidated regional packaging requirements for large manufacturers.

Despite the existence of two distinct printing methods, the Company estimates market share based on the combined volume of both printing methods since the majority of packaging alternatives can be combined with either printing technique. There are no formal third-party estimates on market share and the Company bases its estimates on published information from its larger competitors, supermarket sales estimates, import reports of raw materials and the Company’s own sales data, see “Presentation of Information”.

Market Share and Competitors in the Chilean Flexible Packaging Market. The following table sets forth the Company’s market share estimate of the two most relevant participants in the flexible packaging market in Chile during the past three years:
 

  2004 2005 2006
Edelpa 31% 35% 31%
The Company(1) 28% 28% 29%
Others 41% 37% 40%

(1) The Company’s market shares presented above differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2004. That report does not consider the aluminum foil and plastic wrap market because the Company exited that market in November 2004 when it sold certain of Alufoil’s assets.

 

There is one other significant participant in the flexible packaging market with rotogravure printing capabilities: the Chilean company Envases del Pacífico S.A. (“Edelpa”). Edelpa has two manufacturing facilities, one in Santiago and another in Viña del Mar.

The main companies within the Multilayer Flexible Packaging industry are Edelpa and Alusa, which in conjunction concentrate approximately 60% of total sales of the industry segment. Edelpa uses rotogravure and flexographic techniques. This company has experienced growth during the past several years mainly due to acquisitions (Italprint in 1997, Prepac in 2000 and Alvher in 2003). Other important companies within this industry segment are: BO Packaging (previously Carter-Holt Packaging), HyC and Envases Flexibles. BO Packaging uses the rotogravure technique and therefore competes with Alusa and Edelpa. The other two companies use the flexographic technique.

Since 2004, the industry experienced a shift from companies that utilize flexographic techniques to those that produce laminated products and maintain superior production technology. Additionally, the larger companies have been expanding towards foreign markets. On an international level, particularly in Mexico, there are many Latin American multinational competitors introducing products into the market.

Over the past few years there has been increasing concentration within the industry. Demand has become concentrated as a consequence of mergers and acquisitions of companies of mass consumer products. There is a growing trend among multinational companies to work with fewer suppliers.

Market Share and Competitors in the Argentine Flexible Packaging Market. The following table sets forth the Company’s estimate of the market share in the Argentine flexible packaging industry for the past three years:
 

  2004 2005 2006
Converflex 15% 16% 16%
Celomat 11% 10% 10%
The Company(1) 5% 5% 6%
Others 66% 67% 68%

(1) The Company’s market shares presented above differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2004 and 2005, due to updated figures.

 

The flexible packaging industry in Argentina shows high levels of fragmentation. The five main companies have 39% of the market share. The low concentration level of the industry and the successful implementation of Aluflex’s growth strategy have allowed the Company to position itself as one of the four main competitors within the Argentine industry with a market share of 6.0%.

In 2006, the Company’s main competitors, Converflex (a subsidiary of Arcor) and Celomat, maintained their market shares at 16% and 10%, respectively, compared to the prior year. The smaller competitors, such as Alvher and Bolsaflex, decreased their market shares by six percentage points between 2005 and 2006.

The main competitors of Aluflex, other than Converflex, are Alvher (a subsidiary of Edelpa), Celomat (Fleximat), Zaniello and Bolsapel. These companies concentrate their sales among multinational clients in high value added segments. These companies are also certified by ISO-9001. The remaining market share is distributed among more than 90 companies.



Aluminum Profiles

Industrias de Aluminio S.A. (“Indalum”) was founded in 1954. Madeco began producing aluminum profiles in 1954 and in 1991, acquired 99.2% stake in Indalum. Today, the Company is the only aluminum profiles manufacturer in Chile. The aluminum profiles manufactured by the Company are used as window and door frames in residential construction. They are also used in curtain walls and industrial applications in durable goods such as refrigerators and ovens. The Company is vertically integrated and owns the largest aluminum profiles distributor, Alumco S.A.

The Company owns a subsidiary in Bolivia, Distribuidora Boliviana Indalum S.A. which operated as an aluminum profiles distributor until June 2004, when operations ended. Distribuidora Boliviana Indalum S.A. has sold nearly all of its assets and Indalum is exporting directly from Chile to its Bolivian customers.

The Company commenced its curtain wall installation business in 1991. This business entailed the engineering, fabrication and installation of curtain walls in non residential construction. During 2002, Madeco made a strategic decision to concentrate solely on the production of aluminum profiles and to exit the curtain wall business. The Company sold its curtain wall operating assets in Chile, valued at approximately US$1.2 million (historic value), which primarily included product inventories, receivables, machinery and equipment, plus the Ingewall brand. This sale also included the transfer of accounts payable, and other liabilities. The net transaction price amounted to approximately US$0.6 million. During the first quarter of 2003, the Company also sold its Argentine subsidiary, Ingewall Argentina S.A.

In 2006, the Board made a strategic decision aimed at expanding the Company’s product portfolio to incorporate a new subsidiary dedicated to the manufacture and commercialization of PVC door and window systems.

The following table includes the names of the Company’s subsidiaries engaged in the Aluminum Profiles businesses:

 

Country Entity Name Division
Chile Indalum S.A.
Alumco S.A.
Aluminum Profiles - production
Aluminum Profiles - distribution

 

The following table shows the Company’s annual net sales generated by the Aluminum unit for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Aluminum Profiles Unit
Year Revenues
(in Ch$ million)
% Consolidated Revenues Total Volume
(in tons)
% Consolidated Volume
2004 30,275 8.8% 10,653 8.6%
2005 29,975 8.0% 10,819 8.6%
2006 33,337 6.0% 12,262 9.0%

(1) The percentages of consolidated volumes for 2005 differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2005 as a result of a change in the Company’s methodology.

 

In 2005, the unit’s sales volume increase of 1.6% as compared to 2004, was due to a lower sales volume increase for the industry overall of 3.2% which was not compensated by the lower prices, thus producing a decrease in revenues as compared to 2004.

In 2006, revenues increased 11.2% compared to the previous year due to the positive effect of the volume increase in spite of the higher penetration of imported products.

The following tables present the Company’s annual net sales generated by the Aluminum Profiles business unit by destination for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Aluminum Unit - Revenues by Destination (in Ch$ million)
Year Chile Exports (1) Aluminum Unit
2004 28,403 1,872 30,275
2005 28,332 1,643 29,975
2006 32,411 926 33,337

 

Aluminum Unit - Sales Volume by Destination (in tons)
Year Chile Exports (1) Aluminum Unit
2004 10,653 0 10,653
2005 10,345 474 10,819
2006 11,778 484 12,262

(1) Exports for the Aluminum Unit consist of all sales to customers in any country other than Chile.

 

The following table shows the Company’s total revenues generated by the Aluminum unit for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006, broken down by business division:
 

Year Indalum Aluminum Unit
2004 30,275 30,275
2005 29,975 29,975
2006 33,337 33,337

(1) The table presented above differs from those presented in the previous Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F due to Ingewall subsidiary was omitted (subsidiary sold in 2002).

 

Aluminum - Production

Indalum owns a modern aluminum profile extrusion plant located in San Bernardo, in the outskirts of Santiago. Indalum is technologically up to date both in terms of the manufacturing processes and product and system designs. In 1998, the Company was certified under ISO 9002 and re-certified under ISO 9001-2000 in 2004.

Production of aluminum profiles begins with aluminum billets. The billets are heated and then extruded. The extrusion process entails using high pressure to force the heated billet through a steel die in order to form elongated profiles, in either standard or customized shapes. After extrusion, the profiles are cut according to specifications and anodized, painted or left untreated.

Mill finished profiles are most commonly used by durable goods manufacturers. The following diagram depicts the production process for these profiles:

Billet

preheating - > extruding - > cutting - > packing

Anodized profiles are used in the construction sector. Anodization is a chemical treatment and electrochemical coloration process which protects aluminum against corrosion. The following diagram depicts the production process for anodized profiles:

Billet

preheating - > extruding - > cutting - > polishing - > anodizing - > stabilizing - > packing

Painted profiles are also used in the construction sector. Painted profiles are offered in a wide variety of colors but are limited in their application to those uses where there is less exposure to corrosion. The following diagram depicts the production process for painted profiles:

Billet

preheating - > extruding - > cutting - > removing grease and chroming - > painting - > heating - > packing

 

Aluminum - Raw Materials

Aluminum is the principal raw material used in the production of aluminum profiles and represents more than 75% of the total production profile cost. The Company obtains most of its aluminum requirements from Aluar, located in Argentina, and STC Intermesa Trading Co., located in Brazil.

Other raw materials used for aluminum profiles production include paint and chemical products. For the procurement of anodization chemical products, the Company establishes annual purchase agreements with four main suppliers, Brenntang Chile Comercial e Industrial, Chemal Katschmareck - GMBH (Germany), Química del Sur y Cía. Ltda. (Chile) and Goldschmidt Química de Mexico (Mexico).

The Company believes that all contracts and other agreements between the Company and third-party suppliers with respect to the supply of raw materials for its profiles business contain standard, customary terms and conditions. During the past ten years, the Company has not experienced any substantial difficulties in obtaining adequate supplies of necessary raw materials at satisfactory prices nor does it expect to do so in the future.

 

Aluminum Profiles – Summary of Sales

The following table shows the Company’s annual net sales from its Aluminum Profiles business unit for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

Year Aluminum Profiles Revenues (in Ch$ million) Aluminum Profiles Sales Volumes (in tons)
2004 (1) 30,275 10,653
2005 29,975 10,819
2006 33,337 12,262

(1) The Company’s aluminum profiles subsidiary in Bolivia, Distribuidora Boliviana Indalum S.A., ended its sales operations in June 2004. Consequently, since that date the aluminum profiles Bolivian market was directly serviced from the Chilean Madeco’s subsidiary, Indalum S.A.

 

In 2005, the Company’s revenues decreased 1.0% compared to the previous year, even though sales volume increased by 1.6%. This is attributable to a lower sales volume increase for the industry overall of 3.2% and the effect of imported products from China.

In 2006, the Company’s net sales increased 11.2% compared to the previous year. This increase was due to a 13.3% increase in sales volume, supported by an overall industry increase of 19.5%, and higher average aluminum prices.

 

Aluminum Profiles – Marketing, Sales and Distribution

The Company devotes substantial efforts toward developing strong long-term relationships with each of its major customers. Madeco has approximately 50 active aluminum profile customers, twelve of which are its national distributors. Eight of these national distributors, sell the Company’s aluminum profiles only. One sales supervisor manages the selling activity and maintains positive relations with the Company’s distributors. In addition, the Company has a sales representative responsible for selling durable good manufacturers as well as to large end-user clients engaged in the curtain wall business and in window and patio door fabrication

The Company’s largest distributor is its subsidiary Alumco. Alumco has eight sales representatives servicing approximately 1,500 active clients. The other major distributors are Distribuidora Arquetipo Ltda. The Company also sells profiles to 10 large accounts which participate in the curtain wall industry as well as in window and patio door production.

The following chart shows the Company’s sales breakdown by channel for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

The Company’s Sales Channels % 2004 Revenues % 2005 Revenues % 2006 Revenues
Retail 19% 21% 24%
Independent distributors 54% 45% 45%
Construction companies and durable goods manufacturers 24% 31% 28%
Distribution offices in Bolivia (1) 2% 0% 0%
Exports and others 1% 3% 3%

(1) The Company’s aluminum profiles subsidiary in Bolivia, Distribuidora Boliviana Indalum S.A., terminated its sales operations in June 2004. Consequently, since that date the aluminum profiles Bolivian market has been directly serviced from the Madeco’s Chilean subsidiary, Indalum S.A.

 

Selling efforts are primarily focused on the Chilean market. Sales in the Bolivian market represent a small percentage of the Company’s aluminum profiles sales.

The Company sells its aluminum profiles in either cash or deferred payment. Cash payments have a price discount. Payment terms offered by the Company range between 60 to 90 days; the exact period depends on each client, and is related to its financial standing and credit history. The average payment period decreased from 51 days in 2005 to 47 days in 2006 (these figures do not include non-operating activity nor related party receivables). The Company’s uncollectible accounts as a percentage of net sales increased from 2.1% in 2005 to 2.3% in 2006.

At the end of 1998, the Brazilian aluminum profiles manufacturer Alcoa installed a distribution office in Chile. Subsequent to its arrival, the Company lost a few distributors and a significant portion of its market share. At the beginning of 2000, the Company designed a commercial strategy with the purpose of recapturing its previous market share; instead of offering only aluminum profiles, door and window systems were introduced as part of the Company's products. Also, the quality of the extrusion process and the installation of products was improved. Related to the commercial strategy mentioned above, a new marketing and sales concept was created in 2001 “Indalum Building Systems” (IBS). The primary objective of IBS involves strengthening relationships with each of the Company’s key customer groups – real estate developers, architects, construction companies, producers, distributors and durable goods manufacturers – by providing adequate product solutions and optimal service quality.

During 2003, the Company launched the Superba System and the Xelentia System. The strategy behind the introduction of these two systems was product differentiation through market segmentation (based on the client’s market segmentation); each system provides a superior product to each segment. The Xelentia System is focused on the medium and lower-medium income segment -primarily subsidized governmental housing-, while the Superba System is focused on the higher segment -value residential housing-. The packaging of both systems includes not only an excellent quality-to-price relation product, but also includes its installation.

During 2004, commercial activities continued to focus on improvements in these two systems. A total of 20 and 100 installers were certified by the Superba System and Xelentia System, respectively. Although the Company does not provide installation guarantees to its clients, it does supervise indoor fabrication and on site installation of its certified installers and provides free technical assistance to all clients. The Company continued to focus on the IBS concept in 2004, achieving major improvements in service and technical assistance to clients.

In 2005, the Company continued with the marketing strategy described above, giving special attention to its branded systems with the purpose of increasing substitution of non branded systems. In this respect, the Company implemented a strategic plan with architects and real estate developers, with the purpose of increasing requirements of branded systems in new construction projects.

During 2006, the Company maintained its business strategy, emphasizing product diversification to meet market needs, as well as face competition. The Superba Legno brand was introduced and the Xelentia system was complemented by the Plexa system, an economical solution for the medium to low income segments. By the end of the year, a new system had been developed, which was especially designed to compete in the low income segment of the market. The Company believes that during 2007 there will be an opportunity to sell more window and door systems, which will demand continued care to all of the linksin of the supply chain that are related to residential and non-residential construction.

 

Aluminum Profiles – Market Demand and Industry Size Estimates

The main consumer of the Company’s aluminum profile products is the construction sector (residential and non residential). The level of construction activity in the Chilean market depends directly on GDP growth as well as interest rates and unemployment levels. Given that the installation of window and door frames occurs toward the end of the construction process, there is a six to ten month lag period between an increase in construction activity and an increase in aluminum profile demand.

There are no formal third-party research estimates on industry sales volume, and the Company bases its estimates on import and export reports and the Company’s own sales data, see “Presentation of Information”. The following chart shows the Company’s estimates for the Chilean aluminum profiles market industry and statistics for construction starts for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006:

 

Year Industry Size
(in tons)
Construction Starts Index
(Dec 1996 = 100)
2004 14,441 92.5
2005(1) 14,900 105.7
2006 17,800 114.0

(1) The Construction Starts Index of 2005 presented in this table differs from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2005 as a result of updated figures made by the “Camara Chilena de la Construcción” (Chilean Chamber of Construction).

 

The sales volumes of the Company are closely related to the economy as a whole, as well as growth in the residential sector. In 2006, GDP in Chile expanded 4.0% while the overall construction sector (including infrastructure) expanded 5.5%. The residential sector expanded 4.6% while the non-residential sector expanded 1.8%.


Aluminum Profiles – Market Share and Description of Competition

Being the only local producer of aluminum profiles in Chile enables the Company to supply profile products more efficiently than its foreign competitors. The Company has been able to consolidate its relationship with distributors by using a stock consignment system. In addition, the Company’s IBS commercial concept previously outlined, continues to offer superior service and technical assistance to clients.

There are no formal third-party research estimates on market share, and the Company bases its estimates on import and export reports and the Company’s own sales data, see “Presentation of Information”. The following table shows the Company’s estimate for market share of aluminum profiles products for the past three years:
 

  2004 2005 2006
The Company 72% 69% 67%
Alcoa 17% 16% 13%
Other Imports 12% 15% 20%

(1) The table presented above differs from those presented in the previous Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F due to a change in the classification of the Company’s competitors (excluding those competitors who do not participate directly in the same products as the Company and including imported Chinese products).


From 1998 until 2004, the Company’s principal competitor was the Brazilian aluminum profiles manufacturer, Alcoa. Although the Company lost some distributors and market share in 1999 due to Alcoa’s aggressiveness, the Company successfully recovered most of its distributors and market share, through the implementation of a consistent commercial strategy from 2001 to 2005. During 2006, the main competitors have been Chinese importers. This competition has impacted the Company’s market share between 2004 to 2006 by reducing its share by 5 percentage points. During 2006, Chinese imports also impacted Alcoa’s share, reducing it by 3 percentage points.

 

Government Regulations

The Company is subject to the full range of government regulations and supervision generally applicable to companies engaged in business in Chile, including labor laws, social security laws, public health laws, consumer protection laws, environmental laws, securities laws and anti-trust laws. These include regulations to ensure sanitary and safe conditions in manufacturing plants.

There are currently no legal or administrative proceedings pending against the Company with respect to any regulatory matter, and the Company believes that it is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable statutory and administrative regulations with respect to its business.


Organizational Structure

The following diagram shows Madeco’s shareholders as well as its principal subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006:
 

ADRs (5.7%) Quiñenco (1) (46.2%) AFP (17.8%) Others (30.3%)


 
Wire & Cable BrassMills Flexible Packaging Aluminum Profiles
Madeco Chile (100.00%) Alusa (75.96%) Indalum (99.16%)
Decker-Indelqui (99.86%) Aluflex (75.96%)  
Ficap (100.00%) Armat (100.00%)    
Indeco (93.97%)      
Optel (100.00%)      

(1) The controlling shareholder of Madeco S.A. is the open stock corporation Quiñenco S.A..See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions - Major Shareholders”


Madeco’s majority shareholder is Quiñenco S.A., which, through its direct and indirect interests in the Company, beneficially owns an aggregate of 46.15% of the outstanding shares (2,557,255,382 shares) of common stock as of December 31, 2006.

Quiñenco S.A. is a Chilean holding company engaged in multiple businesses in Chile, Brazil, Argentina and Peru. Through its operating subsidiaries, Quiñenco is currently involved in the following industries: manufacturing, financial services, telecom and food and beverages.

The following table lists all of the Company’s subsidiaries and affiliates as of December 31, 2006:
 

Business Unit Name Country of residence Proportion of ownership interest Proportion of voting power held
Wire & Cable Soinmad S.A. Chile 99.99% 99.99%
Wire & Cable Cotelsa S.A. Chile 99.99% 99.99%
Wire & Cable Colada Continua Chilena S.A. Chile 41.00% 41.00%
Wire & Cable Ficap S.A. Brazil 100.00% 100.00%
Wire & Cable Optel Ltda.(1) Brazil 100.00% 100.00%
Wire & Cable Madeco Brasil Ltda. Brazil 100.00% 100.00%
Wire & Cable Indeco S.A. Peru 93.97% 100.00%
Wire & Cable Cobrecon S.A. Peru 31.32% 33.33%
Wire & Cable Metalurgica e Industrial S.A. Argentina 100.00% 100.00%
Wire & Cable Metacab S.A. Argentina 99.86% 99.86%
Wire & Cable H.B. San Luis S.A. Argentina 99.86% 99.86%
Wire & Cable Comercial Madeco S.A. Argentina 100.00% 100.00%
Wire & Cable Optel Argentina S.A. Argentina 99.99% 99.99%
Wire & Cable Madeco Overseas S.A. Cayman Islands 100.00% 100.00%
Wire & Cable Metal Overseas S.A. Cayman Islands 100.00% 100.00%
Wire & Cable Madeco S.A. Agencia Islas Caiman Cayman Islands 100.00% 100.00%
Brass Mills Armat S.A. Chile 100.00% 100.00%
Wire & Cable / Brass Mills Decker Indelqui S.A. Argentina 99.86% 99.86%
Flexible Packaging Alusa S.A. Chile 75.96% 75.96%
Flexible Packaging Alufoil S.A.(2) Chile 75.96% 75.96%
Flexible Packaging Inversiones Alusa S.A. Chile 75.96% 75.96%
Flexible Packaging Peru Plast S.A.(5) Peru 18.99% 18.99%
Flexible Packaging Tech Pak S.A. (5) Peru 19.45% 19.45%
Flexible Packaging Aluflex S.A. Argentina 75.34% 75.34%
Flexible Packaging Alusa Overseas Cayman Islands 75.96% 75.96%
Aluminum Profiles Indalum S.A. Chile 99.16% 99.16%
Aluminum Profiles Alumco S.A. Chile 99.16% 99.16%
Aluminum Profiles Inversiones Alumco S.A. Chile 99.16% 99.16%
Aluminum Profiles Ingewall S.A. (3) Chile 99.16% 99.16%
Aluminum Profiles Ingewall Uruguay S.A. (3) Uruguay 99.16% 99.16%
Aluminum Profiles Distribuidora Boliviana Indalum S.A. (4) Bolivia 93.43% 93.43%

(1) On March 31, 2005, the Company purchased Corning’s 50% interest in Optel Ltda.
(2) Alusa sold certain of Alufoil’s assets, including the trademark, related to its mass consumer products to Cambiaso Hermanos S.A. in November 2004.
(3) At the beginning of the year 2002, as a consequence of the strategic decision to focus solely on the fabrication of aluminum profiles, the Company exited the curtain wall business segment. Ingewall Uruguay S.A. was sold on May 23, 2007.
(4) Distribuidora Boliviana Indalum S.A. terminated its sales operations in June 2004 and was sold on May 30, 2007. Consequently, the Bolivian aluminum profiles market is directly serviced by Madeco’s Chilean subsidiary, Indalum S.A.
(5) In March 2007, the ownership interests of Madeco in Peruplast and Tech Pak increased to 39.50% and 50.00%, respectively.


Property, Plant and Equipment

The map of South America below depicts the Company's plant by location and type of product manufactured:




The following chart depicts the location of each of the Company’s production facilities within each business unit:

 

Country Metallic Cables Optical Fiber Cables Brass Mills Flexible Packaging Aluminum
Chile X --- X X X
Argentina X X X X ---
Brazil X --- --- --- ---
Peru X --- --- X ---
Colombia(1) X --- --- --- ---

(1) The Company aqcuired the Colombian wire and cable manufacturer, Cedsa S.A., in February 2007.


The Company’s headquarters are located in Santiago, Chile at Ureta Cox 930. The corporate office building contains approximately 3,524 square meters of office space. The Company, as of June 2007, owns plants warehouses and office space in Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Peru and recently in Colombia, occupying approximately 389,399 square meters. Total production capacity for its Wire & Cable division, Optical Fiber division, Brass Mills unit, Flexible Packaging unit and Aluminum Profiles unit, including the production capacity of idle plants, amounts to 113,760 tons (excluding copper sulfates’ capacity), 400,000 km, 161,820 tons (including foundries’ capacity), 20,160 tons and 16,550 tons, respectively.

The following table sets forth information concerning the production facilities of the Company as of December 31, 2006. All listed facilities are either owned or leased and operated by the Company:
 

Production Facility Principal Use/Products Size of Building (M2) Installed Production Capacity (tons/year) 2006 Average Capacity Utilization (1)
Wire & Cable        
San Miguel, Santiago, Chile Copper cable 27,650 14,640 51%
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Copper cable 58,000 17,400 52%
Sao Paulo, Brazil Copper cable 26,500 34,200 68%
Lima, Peru Copper / aluminum cable 49,150 16,800 74%
Lima, Peru Copper sulfates 770 1,832 42%
Llavallol, B.A., Argentina (3) Copper / aluminum cable 18,162 2,400 78%
Quilmes, B.A., Argentina (3) Copper / aluminum cable 39,850 4,800 62%
Lo Espejo, Santiago, Chile Copper rod 1,050 12,000 19%
Sao Paulo, Brazil Aluminium Rod 1,800 11,520 60%
Buenos Aires, Argentina (km.) (2) (4) Optical fiber cable 4,400 400,000 15%
         
Brass Mills        
San Miguel, Santiago, Chile Pipes, bars and sheets 32,400 36,900 66%
Lo Espejo, Santiago, Chile Foundry 20,450 78,900 51%
Quilpue, Valparaiso, Chile Coin blanks and sheets 12,100 8,400 36%
Llavallol, B.A., Argentina (3) Copper sheets 30,112 10,120 0%
Llavallol, B.A., Argentina (3) Foundry 1,775 22,000 6%
Barracas, B.A., Argentina(3) Copper pipes 15,800 5,500 28%
         
Flexible Packaging        
Santiago, Chile Flexible packaging 19,430 13,200 81%
San Luis, Argentina Flexible packaging 8,700 6,960 86%
         
Aluminum Profiles        
Santiago, Chile Aluminum profiles 21,300 16,550 75%

 

(1) Average Capacity Utilization represents total production output as a percentage of installed annual production capacity.
(2) On March 31, 2005, the Company acquired all the rights to Optel Ltda. For additional information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company – History”
(3) Since November 2004, the Company has been partially operating, on a non-continuous basis, the Llavallol and Quilmes wire & cable facilities.
(4) The total production and utilization capacity of optical fiber cable (per kilometer) differs from final cable sold (per kilometer), because each cable sold is composed of multiple optical fibers (each fiber is used as a parameter in production and installed capacity in Madeco´s optical fiber facility).

 

The Company’s operations are subject to both national and local regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The fundamental environmental law in Chile is the Health Code, which establishes minimum health standards and provides for regulation of air and water quality and sanitary landfills.

Since 1982, the Ministerio de Salud ("Chilean Health Ministry") and the Ministerio Secretaria General de la Presidencia ("Ministry of the General Secretary of the Presidency of Chile") have issued several regulations applicable to the control of pollution in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which provide that, in cases of emergency due to high levels of air pollution, the Secretaria Regional Ministerial de Salud ("Regional Health Ministry") has the authority to order the temporary reduction of the activities of companies in the region that produce particles and gas emissions. According to Decree No.16 (issued in 1998), which establishes a contamination prevention and atmospheric decontamination plan for the Santiago metropolitan region, in emergency situations, the Regional Health Ministry can order the reduction or even the suspension of activities of those companies classified as producing the highest level of particles and gas emissions. Since Decree No. 16 was issued, emissions from Madeco's principal plants have remained below those levels that require the Regional Health Ministry to suspend production activity. Consequently, since Decree No. 16 was issued, Madeco has not been required to reduce or halt its normal production activity.

The regulation of matters relating to the protection of the environment is not as well developed in Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Colombia, as in the United States and certain other countries. Accordingly, the Company anticipates that additional laws and regulations will be enacted over time with respect to environmental matters. While the Company believes that it will continue to be in compliance with all applicable environmental regulations of which it is now aware, there can be no assurance that future legislative or regulatory developments will not impose restrictions on the Company that would be material or that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.

Until the acquisition of Cedsa and its capital increase (see “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company — Recent Developments”), and the Company’s investment to produce PVC profiles (see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Capital Expenditures”) the Company had no material plans to expand the capacity of its plants.




ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

Go to Table of Contents

Introduction

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto included in “Item 18. Financial Statements”. For clarity of presentation, certain amounts presented in U.S. dollars and Chilean pesos, as well as percentages, have been rounded. As a result, certain totals may not directly reflect the sum of their components.

As discussed below, the Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with Chilean GAAP, which differs in certain important respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provides a description of the principal differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP as they relate to the Company’s results, and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of shareholders’ equity and net income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006. In accordance with Chilean GAAP, financial data included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements have been restated in constant Chilean pesos as of December 31, 2006. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company’s principal operating segment and its largest business unit is its Wire & Cable business, with production facilities in Chile, Brazil, Peru, Argentina and recently in Colombia, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company — Recent Developments”. Madeco is a leading Latin American manufacturer of wire and cable products, designed to meet client needs in the energy, mining, construction, telecom and industrial sectors. The Company’s second operating segment is its Brass Mills unit, which manufactures pipes, bars and sheets from copper, brass, aluminum and related alloys. Additionally, the Brass Mills unit manufactures coin blanks and minted coins from alloys comprising copper, nickel, aluminum and zinc. While the Company’s Brass Mills facilities are located in Chile and Argentina, a significant portion of the Brass Mills unit’s revenues are generated from export sales. The Company’s third operating segment, Flexible Packaging, manufactures printed flexible packaging for use in the packaging of mass consumer products. The Company has flexible packaging facilities in Chile, Argentina and Peru, see “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company — Recent Developments”. Finally, the Company is a leading Chilean manufacturer of aluminum profiles used in residential, non residential construction and in the fabrication of industrial durable goods. See “Item 4. Information on the Company — Business Overview”.

The Company’s lines of business and results of operations are, to a large extent, dependent on the overall level of economic activity and growth in Chile, Brazil, Peru and Argentina. The Company depends specifically on sectors which buy products from its Wire & Cable, Brass Mills, Flexible Packaging and Aluminum Profiles businesses, as well as on levels of economic activity in the Company’s principal export markets.

Economic Overview

Economic and market conditions in other emerging market countries, especially those in Latin America, influence companies with significant operations in Chile and the other countries where the Company has facilities.


Chile:
The Chilean economy grew by 4.0% in 2006, falling short of projections made earlier in the year by both the Central Bank and a consensus of private analysts. Domestic demand decelerated gradually during 2006, given the present stage of the cycle and the large stock accumulation of previous years, especially capital. Higher prices of copper and other exports resulted in a fiscal account surplus equivalent to 7.9% of GDP. The government of Chile continues to pay down its foreign debt, with public debt amounting to only 3.9% of GDP at the end of 2006. Inflation fell from over 4.0% at the beginning of the year to 2.6% by year end. In 2007, economic growth is expected to increase to about 5.5% based partly on higher expected fiscal spending, which is already beginning to materialize. The responsible, forward-looking management of fiscal policy has prevented large swings in the real exchange rate and has contributed to keeping nominal and real rates low.

 

Brazil: The Brazilian economy grew by 3.7% in 2006, which was more than the 2.9% registered in 2005. The increase in GDP growth was led by solid growth in personal consumption expenditures and in business investment spending. Domestic demand responded to a series of interest rate cuts dating back to September 2005. Brazil also continues to benefit from solid global economic growth, which continues to stimulate demand for Brazil’s exports of agricultural and industrial commodities. However, a steady appreciation of the Brazilian real has taken a toll on exports of consumer goods such as shoes, textiles and automobiles. Current account surpluses were maintained for the third consecutive year, while public debt was stable at 45% of GDP. In December 2006, the balance of payments current accounts posted a surplus of US$388 million. The cumulative current account for the year 2006 was a positive balance of US$13.5 billion (1.41% of GDP), compared to US$14 billion (1.76% of GDP) in 2005. In 2007, GDP growth is expected to be 3.6%, pushed by a robust expansion of domestic absorption as a result of expansive budgets in private industrial and infrastructure investment, such as sugar mills, oil plants, pulp mills, steel plants, housing and mining as well as in public investment of harbors, highways, railroads, airports and energy supply and generation.

 

Peru: The Peruvian economy grew 8.0%, which is better than the 6.4% experienced in 2005. Domestic demand was the main driver of the vigorous economy growing above the GDP. On the supply side, a temporary reduction in the mining output was compensated by gains in other sectors like agriculture and construction. High export prices and prudent macroeconomic management of the economy allowed Peru to maintain a stable fiscal situation and solid external accounts. Despite growing pressure from strong domestic demand, inflation remained very low due to a stronger currency and falling prices for food and housing. Expectations in 2007 are for GDP to increase to approximately 6.6%, based on planned large investments in mining, energy, housing and infraestructure.


Argentina:
In 2006, the Argentine economy grew by 8.5% experiencing robust growth for the fourth consecutive year and surpassing the level of activity reached in 1998 prior to the recession. The main drivers of this growth were a very competitive exchange rate, a strong fiscal stance, a favorable competitive environment and a positive industrial expansion. GDP growth for 2007 is estimated at 7.5%, lower when compared to 2006, which is mostly due to a likelihood of energy shortages that could limit economic activity. The lack of large scale projects in the energy sector combined with limited price adjustments for residential consumers since 2002, has eroded most of its excess supply of electricity. However, it is expected that the Argentine government will try to sustain the buoyant pace of activity as the run-up begins to the next general election in October 2007.


While cyclical downturns in the Chilean or regional economy have an adverse effect on the Company’s business and results of operations, reduced domestic and regional sales can be partially offset by increases in exports outside the region, particularly with respect to the Company’s brass mills products, which meet international standard specifications and can be produced and sold competitively in international markets. There can be no assurance, however, that profits on any export sales would fully offset lost profits resulting from reductions in domestic or regional sales. Export sales for each business unit consist of all sales made to customers in countries other than those countries where the Company maintains operations for that respective business unit. In 2006, 25.9% of the Company’s consolidated net sales was attributable to exports.


Fluctuations in LME Metal Prices and Exchange Rates between Currencies

The Company’s revenues fluctuate as a result of the appreciation or depreciation of the Chilean peso versus the U.S. dollar since substantially all of the Company’s sales—whether for local or export markets—are linked to the London Metal Exchange (LME) price of copper, which is denominated in U.S. dollars and has historically fluctuated widely. In addition, the Company’s export sales are generally invoiced in U.S. dollars. In order to reduce the effects of fluctuations in the price of copper and aluminum on its results of operations, the Company’s pricing policy is to sell its copper and aluminum products based on the quantity of metal contained in the product valued at the prices of the London Metal Exchange with a cost-plus. Generally, the Company has been able to increase its selling prices in response to increases in costs of copper and/or aluminum. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will be able to recover increases in the cost of copper and/or aluminum in the future. Fluctuations in the market price of aluminum are of greater importance to the Company due to the recent higher aluminum sales volume.

To hedge part of its risk of exposure to copper price fluctuations, in 2006, the Company entered into derivatives contracts of this underlying asset, see “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk — Commodity Price Risk”.


The Company’s Summary of Operations

The following table provides certain information relating to the Company’s results of operations in millions of Chilean pesos and as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated:

 

Year ended December 31,
(in Ch$ million of Dec. 2006, except percentages)
  2004     2005     2006  
Net Sales 342,750 100.0%   373,163 100.0%   559,141 100.0%
Cost of Goods Sold (292,598) -85.4%   (320,132) -85.8%   (478,969) -85.7%
Gross Income 50,152 14.6%   53,031 14.2%   80,172 14.3%
SG&A Expenses (23,522) -6.9%   (24,606) -6.6%   (28,406) -5.1%
Operating Income 26,630 7.8%   28,425 7.6%   51,766 9.3%
Non-Operating Income 2,557 0.7%   3,478 0.9%   2,410 0.4%
Non-Operating Expenses (17,418) -5.1%   (14,597) -3.9%   (15,983) -3.1%
Price-Level Restatement (1) (265) -0.1%   (2,810) -0.8%   (1,272) -0.2%
Net Non-Operating Results (15,127) -4.4%   (13,929) -3.7%   (14,846) -2.7%
Income Taxes (1,632) -0.5%   (1,498) -0.4%   (5,205) -0.9%
Minority Interest (868) -0.3%   (752) -0.2%   (1,538) -0.3%
Amortization of Negative Goodwill - 0.0%   19 0.0%   26 0.0%
Net Income 9,004 2.6%   12,267 3.3%   30,204 5.4%

(1) Includes the effect of foreign exchange differences gains (losses).

 

The following tables set forth, for each of the periods indicated, the sales volumes, net sales and operating income of each of the Company’s business units, as well as the percentage of the Company’s total consolidated sales volume, revenues and operating income, respectively:

 

Sales Volumes
(in tons, except percentages)
  2004     2005(2)     2006  
Wire & Cable(1) 62,866 51.0%   70,581 56.3%   80,747 59.1%
Brass Mills 33,319 27.0%   29,513 23.5%   28,011 20.5%
Flexible Packaging 16,361 13.3%   14,527 11.6%   15,649 11.5%
Aluminum Profiles 10,653 8.6%   10,819 8.6%   12,262 9.0%
Total 123,199 100.0%   125,440 100.0%   136,669 100.0%

(1) Total sales volumes presented in tons include the conversion of optical fiber sales volumes using the conversion rate of 1 ton = 44 kms. As a consequence of the termination of the Joint Venture Agreement, Optel Ltda. did not consolidate with Madeco during 2004, being treated instead as an affiliate.
(2) The sales volume in Wire & Cable for 2005 differs from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2005 as a result of a change in the Company’s methodology.

 

Year ended December 31,
(in Ch$ million as of Dec. 2006, except percentages)
  2004     2005     2006  
Net Sales                
Wire & Cable 175,874 51.3%   216,516 58.0%   360,226 64.4%
Brass Mills 88,878 25.9%   81,586 21.9%   119,383 21.4%
Flexible Packaging 47,723 13.9%   45,086 12.1%   46,198 8.3%
Aluminum Profiles 30,275 8.8%   29,975 8.0%   33,337 6.0%
Total 342,750 100.0%   373,162 100.0%   559,141 100.0%
                 
Operating Income (Loss)                
Wire & Cable 11,102 41.7%   19,797 69.6%   34,302 66.3%
Brass Mills 8,628 32.4%   2,067 7.3%   9,793 18.9%
Flexible Packaging 3,371 12.7%   3,498 12.3%   4,799 9.3%
Aluminum Profiles 3,529 13.2%   3,063 10.8%   2,872 5.5%
Total 26,630 100.0%   28,425 100.0%   51,766 100.0%


 

2006 versus 2005

Consolidated financial results as of December 31, 2006, are positive due to revenue growth of 49.8% compared to the previous year. The increase in sales reflects higher average selling prices as well as a change in product mix, which resulted in a substantial revenue increase in the Wire & Cable Business Unit, especially in Peru, Brazil and Argentina, partially offset by a reduction in sales of the Brass Mills unit.

Consolidated sales volume reached 135,290 tons (not including optical fiber volumes), up 9.5% when compared to 2005. This is mainly due to growth of 15.5% (10,656 tons) in the sales volume of cables, 7.7% in flexible packaging and 13.3% in aluminum profiles, partially offset by a decrease of 5.1% in sales volume in the Brass Mills unit.

Gross margin grew to Ch$80,172 million in 2006, an increase of 51.2% compared to the previous year (Ch$53,031 million), as a result of the higher sales level, partially offset by an increase of 49.6% in the cost of goods sold. The increase in cost of goods sold was mainly due to price increases in raw materials such as copper, aluminum and plastics. The average copper price on the LME (London Metal Exchange) increased 82.7%, from US$3,684/ton in 2005 to US$6,731/ton in 2006, while aluminum increased 35.4%. Consequently, the cost of raw materials rose by Ch$152,028 million. Additionally, production costs increased Ch$6,809 million, due to higher production levels and energy expenses.

By the end of 2006, the Company’s operating income had increased by 82.1% to Ch$51,766 million, as a result of higher average prices and sales volumes and in spite of raw material increases, demonstrating the company’s ability to pass cost increases onto clients. The increase in operating income is explained by a higher gross margin of Ch$27,142 million, partially offset by a rise in selling, general and administrative expenses of 15.4%, as a result of expenses associated with higher sales, implementation of the Sarbanes Oxley Act and the ERP SAP software installation.

The sharp rise in copper prices during April and May 2006 (of US$3,000 per ton on average) generated non-recurring income estimated at Ch$6,500 million in the first half of the year due to the method of accounting for copper, which utilizes the average weighted price in calculating the cost of sales for each month. In the third quarter of 2006, the LME price stabilized and there was no significant difference between that and the weighted average accounting price. However, this situation was reverted in November, and has been reflected in additional costs of Ch$3,122 million in order to balance, at year-end, the value of copper inventories at the average LME price for December 2006.


Analysis of Operating Segment Performance: 2006 versus 2005

The Company’s operating results for each business unit are described in further detail below:


Wire & Cable

 

Year 2006 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Brazil Peru Argentina Optical Fiber Inter-company Wire & Cable Unit
Revenues 131,778 142,445 119,069 13,441 1,427 (47,934) 360,226
COGS (119,744) (119,864) (103,883) (11,206) (1,531) 47,142 (309,086)
Gross Income 12,034 22,581 15,186 2,235 (104) (792) 51,140
Gross Margin 9.1% 15.9% 12.8% 16.6% -7.3% 1.7% 14.2%
SG&A (2,175) (9,556) (2,796) (636) (328) (1,344) (16,835)
Operating Income 9,859 13,025 12,390 1,599 (432) (2,136) 34,305
Operating Margin 7.5% 9.1% 10.4% 11.9% -30.3% 4.5% 9.5%

 

Year 2005 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Brazil Peru Argentina Optical Fiber Inter-company Wire & Cable Unit
Revenues 79,468 92,142 64,664 5,878 1,764 (27,400) 216,516
COGS (72,898) (76,435) (55,067) (5,124) (1,516) 27,859 (183,181)
Gross Income 6,570 15,707 9,597 754 248 459 33,335
Gross Margin 8.3% 17.0% 14.8% 12.8% 14.1% -1.7% 15.4%
SG&A (1,853) (7,588) (2,315) (429) (200) (1,152) (13,537)
Operating Income 4,717 8,119 7,282 325 48 (693) 19,798
Operating Margin 5.9% 8.8% 11.3% 5.5% 2.7% 2.5% 9.1%

 

2006 versus 2005 % change
  Chile Brazil Peru Argentina Wire & Cable Unit
Revenues 65.8% 54.6% 84.1% 128.7% 66.4%
COGS 64.3% 56.8% 88.6% 118.7% 68.7%
Gross Income 83.2% 43.8% 58.2% 196.4% 53.4%
SG&A 17.4% 25.9% 20.8% 48.3% 24.4%
Operating Income 109.0% 60.4% 70.1% 392.0% 73.3%

 

In 2006, revenues reached Ch$360,226 million, up 66.4% compared to Ch$216,516 million in 2005, as a result of copper price increases and higher sales volume. Sales volume of metallic wire and cables grew 15.5%, led by Argentina, which was up 78.1%, and to a lesser extent by Peru and Brazil with increases of 33.3% and 9.7%, respectively. In terms of sales mix to third parties, copper rod rose by 57.5% and aluminum cables increased in Argentina and Brazil by 126.0% and 46.1%, respectively. These increases were partially offset by a decline in the sales volume of copper cables in Chile and Peru, which fell by 22.7% and 7.5%, respectively.

Cost of goods sold rose 68.7% to Ch$309,086 million in 2006, compared to Ch$183,181 million in 2005. This increase reflects growth of 15.5% in volume sold and increased raw material costs of copper and aluminum on the LME.

Gross income rose 53.4% compared to 2005, from Ch$33,335 million in 2005 to Ch$51,140 million in 2006. However, as a percentage of sales, the gross margin decreased from 15.4% in 2005 to 14.2% in 2006, mainly due to the higher price of raw materials.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 24.4% to Ch$16,835 million from Ch$13,537 million in 2005, due to increased marketing and sales expenses, costs related to the ERP SAP software implementation and increased costs associated with the implementation of the Sarbanes Oxley Act. As a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses fell to 4.7%, compared to 6.3% in 2005.

Operating income increased by 73.3% in 2006 from Ch$19,798 million to Ch$34,305 million.


Brass Mills
 

Year 2006 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Argentina Coins Inter-company Brass Mills Unit
Revenues 109,534 9,852 11,749 (11,755) 119,380
COGS (98,961) (8,207) (8,978) 11,735 (104,411)
Gross Income 10,573 1,645 2,771 (20) 14,969
Gross Margin 9.7% 16.7% 23.6% 0.2% 12.5%
SG&A (3,492) (737) (546) (404) (5,179)
Operating Income 7,081 908 2,225 (424) 9,790
Operating Margin 6.5% 9.2% 18.9% 3.6% 8.2%

 

Year 2005 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Argentina Coins Inter-company Brass Mills Unit
Revenues 78,805 7,348 7,014 (11,581) 81,586
COGS (73,848) (6,318) (6,405) 11,763 (74,808)
Gross Income 4,957 1,030 609 182 6,778
Gross Margin 6.3% 14.0% 8.7% -1.6% 8.3%
SG&A (3,248) (669) (419) (376) (4,712)
Operating Income 1,709 361 190 (194) 2,066
Operating Margin 2.2% 4.9% 2.7% 1.7% 2.5%

 

2006 versus 2005 % change
  Chile Argentina Coins Brass Mills Unit
Revenues 39.0% 34.1% 67.5% 46.3%
COGS 34.0% 29.9% 40.2% 39.6%
Gross Income 113.3% 59.7% 355.0% 120.8%
SG&A 7.5% 10.2% 30.3% 9.9%
Operating Income 314.3% 151.5% 1071.1% 373.9%

 

In 2006, revenues increased by 46.3% to Ch$119,380 million compared to Ch$81,586 million in 2005. The increase was mainly due to higher copper prices partially offset by the unit’s lower sales volume as a result of strong substitution.

Cost of goods sold rose 39.6% due to higher raw material costs, especially copper, in spite of decreased sales volumes. As a percentage of revenues, costs of goods sold decreased to 87.5%, compared to 91.7% in 2005 as result of efficiencies generated by the restructuring of operations in Chile during the fourth quarter of 2005.

The gross margin increased to 12.5% of sales in 2006 from 8.3% in 2005, due to the effect of the weighted average cost of copper used and to operational efficiencies. Furthermore, in Argentina sales were focused on special pipes used in refrigeration and heat exchange in sugar mill plants.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 9.9% to Ch$5,179 million in 2006 from Ch$4,712 million in 2005 and, as a percentage of sales, fell to 4.3% in 2006 from 5.8% in 2005.

Operating income increased 373.9% or Ch$7,724 million in 2006 compared to the previous year. Similarly, the operating margin rose in 2006 to 8.2% compared to 2.5% in the previous year.

 

Flexible Packaging
 

Year 2006 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Argentina Inter-company Flexible Packaging Unit
Revenues 30,514 15,703 (19) 46,198
COGS (24,818) (13,684) 18 (38,484)
Gross Income 5,696 2,019 (1) 7,714
Gross Margin 18.7% 12.9% 0.0% 16.7%
SG&A (1,990) (706) (219) (2,915)
Operating Income 3,706 1,313 (220) 4,799
Operating Margin 12.1% 8.4% 0.0% 10.4%

 

Year 2005 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Argentina Inter-company Flexible Packaging Unit
Revenues 32,222 12,865 (1) 45,086
COGS (27,460) (11,082) 0 (38,542)
Gross Income 4,762 1,783 (1) 6,544
Gross Margin 14.8% 13.9% 0.0% 14.5%
SG&A (2,029) (816) (202) (3,047)
Operating Income 2,733 967 (203) 3,497
Operating Margin 8.5% 7.5% 0.0% 7.8%

 

2006 versus 2005 % change
  Chile Argentina Flexible Packaging Unit
Revenues -5.3% 22.1% 2.5%
COGS -9.6% 23.5% -0.2%
Gross Income 19.6% 13.2% 17.9%
SG&A -1.9% -13.5% -4.3%
Operating Income 35.6% 35.8% 37.2%

 

Revenues increased 2.5% to Ch$46.198 million in 2006 from Ch$45.086 million in 2005. Operations in Chile experienced an increase in sales volume of 2.6%, while the Argentine operations saw an increase of 18.1%. Total sales volume was up 7.7% in 2006. The unit price (per ton) dropped as a result of the heavier products sold.

Cost of goods sold declined by 0.2% to Ch$38,484 million in 2006 from Ch$38,542 million in 2005. In the Chilean operations, cost decreased from Ch$27,460 million to Ch$24,818 million because of improvements in purchasing and supply chain management. In contrast, the Argentine operations experienced an increase in cost of goods sold from Ch$11,082 million in 2005 to Ch$13,684 million in 2006 due to higher sales volume.

The gross margin increased to 16.7% in 2006 from 14.5% in 2005 due to the streamlining of certain production processes.

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by 4.3% to Ch$2,915 million in 2006 from Ch$3,047 million in 2005, reflecting the efforts made in the second half of 2005 to streamline the business unit’s operations in a quest for greater efficiency.

Operating income increased Ch$1,302 million, or 37.2% in 2006 compared to the previous year, mainly due to the aforementioned increase in gross income and a lower level of selling, general and administrative expenses.

 

Aluminum Profiles
 

Year 2006 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Aluminum Profiles Unit
Revenues 33,337 33,337
COGS (26,988) (26,988)
Gross Income 6,349 6,349
Gross Margin 19.0% 19.0%
SG&A (3,477) (3,477)
Operating Income 2,872 2,872
Operating Margin 8.6% 8.6%

 

Year 2005 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Aluminum Profiles Unit
Revenues 29,975 29,975
COGS (23,601) (23,601)
Gross Income 6,374 6,374
Gross Margin 21.3% 21.3%
SG&A (3,310) (3,310)
Operating Income 3,064 3,064
Operating Margin 10.2% 10.2%

 

2006 versus 2005 % change
  Aluminum Profiles Aluminum Profiles Unit
Revenues 11.2% 11.2%
COGS 14.4% 14.4%
Gross Income -0.4% -0.4%
SG&A 5.0% 5.0%
Operating Income -6.3% -6.3%

 

 

In 2006, revenues rose by 11.2% to Ch$33,337 million from Ch$29,975 million in 2005. This increase was due to a 13.3% higher sales volume, partially offset by lower average prices as a result of stiffer competition from low-priced products imported from China.

Cost of goods sold rose 14.4% to Ch$26,988 million in 2006 from Ch$23,601 million in 2005, due to growth in sales volume and an increase in the average price of raw materials, especially aluminum LME price which rose by 35.4%.

The gross margin as a percentage of sales fell to 19.0% in 2006 from 21.3% in 2005.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 5.0% to Ch$3,477 million in 2006 from Ch$3,310 million in 2005, due to higher sales and marketing expenses and an increase in costs of external services. However, as a percentage of sales, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 10.4% in 2006 from 11.0% in 2005, attributable to higher cost of aluminum in 2006.

The Company’s operating income from aluminum profiles decreased in 2006 by Ch$192 million, or 6.3%, and the operating margin decreased to 8.6% from 10.2% in the previous year.

 

The Company’s Non-Operating Results

Non-operating expenses increased by Ch$917 million to a loss of Ch$14,846 million in 2006 compared to a loss of Ch$13,928 million in 2005. For further details regarding the Company’s non-operating results, see Note 23 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

  • Non-Operating Income: The Company’s non-operating income decreased by Ch$1,068 million to Ch$2,410 million in 2006 from Ch$3,478 million in 2005. The decrease in non-operating income is mostly due to the consolidation of Madeco’s fiber optic subsidiary, Optel, in 2005 which produced reversals of provisions. The unfavorable arbitration decision in 2003, in which Madeco lost control of its interest in Optel in a lawsuit against Dow Corning International, was resolved in Madeco’s favor in March 2005. See “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company – History”. This decreased income was compensated in part by increased financial income of Ch$783 million and higher net income from the related companies totalling Ch$401 million.
     
  • Non-Operating Expenses: The Company’s non-operating expenses in 2006 increased by Ch$1,386 million compared to the previous year due to an increase in financial expenses and other non-operating expenses. Financial expenses increased by Ch$1,854 million in 2006. This increase reflects greater borrowings made by Madeco’s group of companies to finance their growing working capital needs which resulted from higher prices for raw materials and increased sales volumes.
     
  • Price-Level Restatement: Price level restatement, which is made up of inflationary adjustments and foreign exchange differences, decreased by Ch$1,538 million in 2006 compared to the previous year. The price level restatement balance in 2006 reflected a net loss position of Ch$1,272 million compared to a net loss position of Ch$2,810 million in 2005. The improvement in results was due to a lower inflation rate and better results from foreign exchange differences as a consequence of a revaluation of the Brazilian real and Peruvian sol.
     
  • Income Taxes: The Company reported an increase in income tax expense of 247.5% in 2006 compared to the previous year, as a result of a higher level of income before taxes. Income taxes in 2006 and 2005 amounted to Ch$5,205 million and Ch$1,498 million, respectively.
     
  • Minority Interest: Minority interest reflects the portion of profit or loss of the shares held by minority shareholders in the Alusa, Indeco and Indalum subsidiaries. Minority shareholder interest in 2006 was Ch$1,538 million, up 104.5% compared to Ch$752 million in the previous year. This was due to the higher net income generated by Madeco’s subsidiaries, Alusa and Indeco.


2005 versus 2004

Consolidated financial results as of December 31, 2005 are positive, with revenue growth of 8.9% compared to the previous year. This increase reflects the higher price of raw materials as well as a change in product mix, with a substantial revenue increase in the Wire & Cable Business Unit, especially in Chile, Peru and Brazil, partially offset by a reduction in sales volumes and profitability in the Brass Mills unit.

Consolidated sales volume increased to 125,440 tons, up 1.8% compared to 2004. This is due mainly to a 12.3% growth (7,715 tons) in cable sales volume (including the conversion of optical fiber sales volume) , and due to a decrease of 11.4% (3,806 tons) in the Brass Mills unit. Sales volume of flexible packaging fell 11.2% (1,834 tons), which was due to the sale of the Alufoil subsidiary in late 2004. Aluminum profiles sales increased by 1.6% (166 tons).

Gross margin grew to Ch$53,031 million in 2005, up 5.7% compared to the previous year (Ch$50,152 million), arising from an 8.9% increase in net sales and growth of 9.4% in cost of goods sold. The growth in cost of goods sold was due mainly to price increases in raw materials such as copper, aluminum and plastic materials. The average copper price on the London Metal Exchange increased 45.5%, from US$2,566/ton to US$3,684/ton, while aluminum increased 15.9%. Consequently, cost of goods sold grew due to an increase in total direct costs, which were up 17.3%, which was partially offset by a reduction in production costs of 11.8%. The consolidated operating margin in 2005 was down 0.4 percentage points to 14.2% compared to 14.6% the prior year.

The Company’s operating income increased 6.7% in spite of sustained increases in the cost of raw materials such as copper, aluminum, plastics and resins, which were partially offset by selling price increases. In addition, the Company has continued its policy of reducing selling, general and administrative expenses, which increased by 4.6% compared to 2004 due to costs associated with implementing the ERP SAP software in the Brazilian subsidiary, among other projects.

 

Analysis of Operating Segment Performance 2005 versus 2004

The Company’s operating results for each business unit are described in further detail below:


Wire & Cable
 

Year 2005 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Brazil Peru Argentina Optical Fiber Inter-company Wire & Cable Unit
Revenues 79,468 92,142 64,664 5,878 1,764 (27,400) 216,516
COGS (72,898) (76,435) (55,067) (5,124) (1,516) 27,859 (183,181)
Gross Income 6,570 15,707 9,597 754 248 459 33,335
Gross Margin 8.3% 17.0% 14.8% 12.8% 14.1% -1.7% 15.4%
SG&A (1,853) (7,588) (2,315) (429) (200) (1,152) (13,537)
Operating Income 4,717 8,119 7,282 325 48 (693) 19,798
Operating Margin 5.9% 8.8% 11.3% 5.5% 2.7% 2.5% 9.1%

 

Year 2004 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Brazil Peru Argentina Optical Fiber Inter-company Wire & Cable Unit
Revenues 63,419 81,392 56,871 4,950 - (30,758) 175,874
COGS (57,063) (71,487) (49,572) (4,443) - 30,155 (152,410)
Gross Income 6,356 9,905 7,299 507 - (603) 23,464
Gross Margin 10.0% 12.2% 12.8% 10.2% - 2.0% 13.3%
SG&A (2,061) (6,324) (2,278) (342) - (1,357) (12,362)
Operating Income 4,295 3,581 5,021 165 - (1,960) 11,102
Operating Margin 6.8% 4.4% 8.8% 3.3% - 6.4% 6.3%

 

2005 versus 2004 % change
  Chile Brazil Peru Argentina Wire & Cable Unit
Revenues 25.3% 13.2% 13.7% 18.7% 23.1%
COGS 27.7% 6.9% 11.1% 15.3% 20.2%
Gross Income 3.4% 58.6% 31.5% 48.9% 42.1%
SG&A -10.2% 20.0% 1.7% 25.4% 9.5%
Operating Income 9.9% 126.7% 45.0% 98.2% 78.3%

 

Revenues through December 2005 were Ch$216,516 million, up 23.1% compared to Ch$175,874 million in 2004. Sales Volume grew 12.6%, led by Peru, up 31.4%, and to a lesser extent by Argentina and Chile with gains of 12.4% and 9.0% respectively. The Brazilian subsidiary experienced a decrease in sales volume of 2.4% due to a change in product mix, with aluminum cable increasing by 2,308 tons compared to 2004. Because aluminum is lighter than copper, if we consider aluminum sales in terms of equivalent copper material, there was an increase of 14.3% in sales volume.

Cost of goods sold rose 20.2% to Ch$183,181 million in 2005 compared to Ch$152,410 million in 2004. This increase reflects the 12.6% growth in volume sold and a 45.5% rise in the dollar price of copper.

The gross margin rose to 15.4% of sales from 13.3% in 2004, due mainly to the operations in Brazil, which had an increase of Ch$5,802 million, or 4.8 percentage points.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 9.5% to Ch$13,537 million from Ch$12,362 million in 2004 because of increased marketing and operating expenses and due to the cost of implementing the ERP SAP software in the Brazilian subsidiary. However, as a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses fell to 6.3% compared to 7.0% in 2004.

Operating income increased in 2005 by Ch$8,696 million from an operating income of Ch$11,102 million in 2004 to an operating income of Ch$19,798 million in 2005.


Brass Mills
 

Year 2005 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Argentina Coins Inter-company Brass Mills Unit
Revenues 78,805 7,348 7,014 (11,581) 81,586
COGS (73,848) (6,318) (6,405) 11,763 (74,808)
Gross Income 4,957 1,030 609 182 6,778
Gross Margin 6.3% 14.0% 8.7% -1.6% 8.3%
SG&A (3,248) (669) (419) (376) (4,712)
Operating Income 1,709 361 190 (194) 2,066
Operating Margin 2.2% 4.9% 2.7% 1.7% 2.5%

 

Year 2004 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Argentina Coins Inter-company Brass Mills Unit
Revenues 83,751 6,974 8,927 (10,774) 88,878
COGS (72,240) (5,962) (8,679) 10,525 (76,356)
Gross Income 11,511 1,012 248 (249) 12,522
Gross Margin 13.7% 14.5% 2.8% 2.3% 14.1%
SG&A (2,280) (583) (627) (405) (3,895)
Operating Income 9,231 429 (379) (654) 8,627
Operating Margin 11.0% 6.2% -4.2% 6.1% 9.7%

 

2005 versus 2004 % change
  Chile Argentina Coins Brass Mills Unit
Revenues -5.9% 5.4% -21.4% -8.2%
COGS 2.2% 6.0% -26.2% -2.0%
Gross Income -56.9% 1.7% 146.0% -45.9%
SG&A 42.5% 14.8% -33.2% 21.0%
Operating Income -81.5% -16.0% - -76.1%

 

Revenues through December 2005 were down 8.2% to Ch$81,586 million compared to Ch$88,878 million in 2004. This was due mainly to lower sales volume in Madeco’s operations in Chile and to lower exports from Chile, which together fell 12.7%. Sales volume to third parties in Argentina were up 3.5%.

Cost of goods sold fell 2.0% because of the decline in sales volume. As a percentage of sales, costs rose to 91.7% compared to 85.9% in 2004, due to higher copper prices and lower margins in the domestic market.

The gross margin fell to 8.3% of sales from 14.1%, due to increased competition in Chile from local suppliers, imports, and substitute products. Export margins also fell compared to 2004 due to the depreciation of the dollar.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased 21.0% to Ch$4,712 million from Ch$3,895 million, and as a percentage of sales, rose to 5.8% in 2005 from 4.4% in 2004.

Operating income fell 76.1% or Ch$6,561 million in 2005 compared to the previous year. Similarly, operating margin fell in 2005 to 2.5% compared to 9.7% in the previous year.


Flexible Packaging
 

Year 2005 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Argentina Inter-company Flexible Packaging Unit
Revenues 32,222 12,865 (1) 45,086
COGS (27,460) (11,082) 0 (38,542)
Gross Income 4,762 1,783 (1) 6,544
Gross Margin 14.8% 13.9% 0.0% 14.5%
SG&A (2,029) (816) (202) (3,047)
Operating Income 2,733 967 (203) 3,497
Operating Margin 8.5% 7.5% 0.0% 7.8%

 

Year 2004 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Argentina Inter-company Flexible Packaging Unit
Revenues 35,320 12,403 0 47,723
COGS (29,963) (10,697) 0 (40,660)
Gross Income 5,357 1,706 0 7,063
Gross Margin 15.2% 13.8% 0.0% 14.8%
SG&A (2,533) (713) (446) (3,692)
Operating Income 2,824 993 (446) 3,371
Operating Margin 8.0% 8.0% 0.0% 7.1%

 

2005 versus 2004 % change
  Chile Argentina Flexible Packaging Unit
Revenues -8.8% 3.7% -5.5%
COGS -8.4% 3.6% -5.2%
Gross Income -11.1% 4.5% -7.3%
SG&A -19.9% 14.4% -17.5%
Operating Income -3.2% -2.6% 3.7%

 

Revenues fell 5.5% to Ch$45.086 million from Ch$47.723 million. Operations in Chile experienced a reduction in sales volume of 17.7%, while Argentine operations saw an increase of 5.7%. Total sales volume was down 11.2%. The reduction in sales volume was due mainly to the absence of Alufoil, the Chilean subsidiary of Alusa, which ceased operations in late 2004, and to a lesser extent, to the fact that Alusa carried out a reorganization of its client portfolio, as well as the greater tendency in the market to use lighter packaging materials. The reduction in sales volume was offset in part by higher average prices due to increases in raw material costs, and a readjustment in the client portfolio.

Cost of goods sold fell 5.2% to Ch$38,542 million from Ch$40,660 million. This change reflects an increase in the price of raw materials and the growth in sales volume in each country. Cost of goods sold in Chile was down 8.4%, but rose 3.6% in Argentina. As a percentage of sales, costs rose to 85.5% from 85.2%.

The gross margin fell to 14.5% from 14.8%.

Selling, general and administrative expenses fell 17.5% to Ch$3,047 million from Ch$3,692 million, reflecting the discontinuation of Alufoil operations (flexible packaging for household use) in late 2004, and the efforts made in the second half of 2005 to reorganize the business unit’s operations and make them more efficient.

The Company’s Flexible Packaging operating income increased Ch$126 million, or 3.7%, in 2005 compared to the previous year.

 

Aluminum Profiles
 

Year 2005 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Aluminum Profiles Unit
Revenues 29,975 29,975
COGS (23,601) (23,601)
Gross Income 6,374 6,374
Gross Margin 21.3% 21.3%
SG&A (3,310) (3,310)
Operating Income 3,064 3,064
Operating Margin 10.2% 10.2%

 

Year 2004 (in Ch$ million, except percentages)
  Chile Aluminum Profiles Unit
Revenues 30,275 30,275
COGS (23,174) (23,174)
Gross Income 7,101 7,101
Gross Margin 23.5% 23.5%
SG&A (3,573) (3,573)
Operating Income 3,526 3,528
Operating Margin 11.7% 11.7%

 

2005 versus 2004 % change
  Aluminum Profiles Aluminum Profiles Unit
Revenues -1.0% -1.0%
COGS 1.8% 1.8%
Gross Income -10.2% -10.2%
SG&A -7.4% -7.4%
Operating Income -13.2% -13.2%

 

 

Revenues in 2005 fell 1.0% to Ch$29,975 from Ch$30,275 in 2004. This reduction was due to lower sales prices caused by the stiffer competition in 2005 compared to the previous year. Sales volume increased 1.6%.

Cost of goods sold rose 1.8% to Ch$23,601 million from Ch$23,174 million, due to growth in sales volume and an increase in the average price for raw materials, with the dollar price for aluminum rising 15.9%.

The gross margin as a percentage of sales fell to 21.3% from 23.5%.

Selling, general and administrative expenses fell 7.4% to Ch$3,310 million from Ch$3,573 million, and as a percentage of sales, to 11.0% in 2005 from 11.8% in 2004. This reduction was due primarily to the discontinuation of operations of Bolivian distributor Indalum S.A., which was partially offset by increased expenses for externally contracted services and maintenance.

The Company’s aluminum profiles operating income decreased in 2005 by Ch$466 million, or 13.2%, while operating margins also decreased to 10.2% from 11.7% in the previous year.

 

The Company’s Non-Operating Results 2005 versus 2004

Non-operating loss was reduced by Ch$1,199 million to a loss of Ch$13,928 million in 2005, a reduction of 7.9% compared to the loss of Ch$15,127 million in 2004. For further detail regarding the Company’s non-operating results, see Note 23 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

  • Non-Operating Income: The Company’s non-operating income increased by Ch$922 million, to Ch$3,478 million in 2005 from Ch$2,556 million in 2004. The increase in non-operating income is mostly due to the consolidation of Madeco’s fiber optic subsidiary, Optel. The unfavorable arbitration decision in 2003, in which Madeco lost control of its interest in Optel in a lawsuit against Dow Corning International, was resolved in Madeco’s favor in March 2005. See “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company – History”. In addition, idle assets, such as land and others were sold.
     
  • Non-Operating Expenses: The Company’s non-operating expenses in 2005 decreased by Ch$2,821 million compared to the previous year due to a reduction in financial expenses and other non-operating expenses. Financial expenses decreased by Ch$2,081 million. This was a result of reduction in debt, a lower average interest rate achieved through the issuance of series ‘D’ bonds in December 2004, the effect of exchange rate differences on dollar indexed debt, the prepayment of the syndicated loan of December 2002 using funds from the loan obtained on September 5, 2005, and the partial debt prepayment, of more than Ch$44,941 million, using funds raised in the successful capital increase executed in late November 2005.
     
  • Price-Level Restatement: Price level restatement, which is made up of inflationary adjustments and currency fluctuations decreased by Ch$2,545 million in 2005 compared to the previous year. The price level restatement balance in 2005 reflected a net loss position of Ch$2,810 million compared to the net loss position of Ch$265 million in 2004. This was due to an increase in negative price level restatement of Ch$1,338 million, and an increase in expenses related to exchange rate differences, net of hedge costs, of Ch$1,207 million. Losses due to exchange rate differences through December 2005 were, among other things, caused by the devaluation of the Brazilian real in December 2005 and the dollar debt of the Ficap subsidiary in that country.
     
  • Income Taxes: The Company had an income tax expense reduction of 8.2% in 2005 compared to the previous year. Income tax in 2005 and 2004 amounted to Ch$1,498 million and Ch$1,631 million, respectively.
     
  • Minority Interest: Minority interest in the Company reflects the portion of profit or loss that corresponds to the shares held by minority shareholders in the Alusa, Indeco and Indalum subsidiaries. Minority shareholder interest in 2005 was Ch$752 million, down 13.4% compared to Ch$868 million the previous year. This was due to the lower net income of the Alusa subsidiary, and because of the smaller percentage held by minority shareholders in Indeco of 6.0% in 2005 compared to 7.0% in 2004.



Impact of Inflation and Price Level Restatement

In general, inflation has the adverse effect of diminishing the purchasing power of a company’s monetary assets that are not price-level indexed, and has the positive effect of reducing the real value of a company’s monetary liabilities that are not price-level indexed. In addition, to the extent that increases in a company’s costs of production are not passed on to the consumer in the form of higher prices for a company’s goods, inflation will adversely affect the Company’s earnings.

As explained in Note 2 b) to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company is required to restate non-monetary assets, non-monetary liabilities, shareholders’ equity, and income and expense accounts to reflect the effect of variations in the purchasing power of the Chilean peso, thus reflecting by an indirect method the gain or loss resulting from holding or owning monetary assets and liabilities. For all the above figures, the restatement is based on the variation of the official Indice de Precio al Consumidor (the Chilean Consumer Price Index, or “IPC”) published by the Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas (National Institute of Statistics, or “INE”) (with the exception of inventories which are reflected at the lower of restated cost or net realizable value) and assets and liabilities in foreign currency which are adjusted based on period-end exchange rates.

Chilean companies sometimes finance current assets and fixed assets with short-term and long-term liabilities in foreign currency. Given that assets are generally restated using the IPC and liabilities in foreign currencies are restated to period-end exchange rates, the price-level restatement line in the income statement is affected by the relationship between local inflation and the U.S. dollar exchange rate to the Chilean peso.

As a result of Chile’s past inflation, the financial markets have developed a system of borrowing and lending in UFs. Most long-term assets and liabilities in pesos are indexed in UFs, and the adjustment to the closing value is reflected in the price-level adjustment account.

Price-level restatement losses also result from holding monetary assets in excess of monetary liabilities during inflationary periods, or from holding foreign exchange-denominated liabilities in excess of foreign exchange-denominated assets during periods of devaluation of the Chilean peso versus the U.S. dollar.

There is no assurance that high rates of inflation in the future will not have an adverse effect on the Company’s business or results of operations.

Madeco’s foreign currency exchange exposure arises from maintaining foreign investments in Brazilian reales, Argentine pesos, Peruvian soles and U.S. dollars. For further explanation, see Note 2 c) to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.


Working Capital in Foreign Currencies

The Company’s operating results and investments outside Chile are exposed to fluctuations of foreign currency exchange rates in part as a result of carrying working capital in local currencies. According to Chilean GAAP, the Company’s financial statements are expressed in Chilean pesos as a result of the consolidation of financial statements of Chilean subsidiaries expressed in Chilean pesos and the translation of the foreign subsidiaries’ financial statements expressed in the respective local currencies, restated in U.S. dollars following Chilean GAAP and converted to Chilean pesos using year-end exchange rates.

The following table presents the working capital position in local currencies as of December 31, 2006 of the Company’s consolidated foreign subsidiaries. All amounts are expressed in millions of Chilean pesos.

 

  U.S. Dollar R$ AR$ S$ Euro Japanese Yen Other currencies Total
Current Assets 52,247 55,937 15,998 15,408 1,165 0 58 140,813
Current Liabilities (34,273) (15,889) (5,685) (4,202) (181) (345) (646) (61,221)
Working Capital in Local Currencies 17,974 40,048 10,313 11,206 984 (345) (588) 79,592

 

The above table only includes the current assets and current liabilities in foreign currencies held by the Company as of December 31, 2006, and does not represent the Company’s total foreign currency exchange risk exposure. For additional discussion, see “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors” and “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk — Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk”.


Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company prepares its consolidated financial statements in conformity with Chilean GAAP and the guidelines issued by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance. The notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contain a summary of the accounting policies that are significant to the Company, as well as a description of the significant differences between these policies and U.S. GAAP. The notes include additional disclosures required under U.S. GAAP, reconciliation between shareholders’ equity and net income to the corresponding amounts that would be reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP and a discussion of recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Both Chilean and U.S. GAAP require management to make certain estimates and assumptions, as some of the amounts reported in the financial statements are related to matters that are inherently uncertain. The Company believes that the following discussion describes those areas that require the most judgment or involve a higher degree of complexity in the application of the accounting policies that currently affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The most critical judgments that have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements include: estimates with respect to the extent to which allowances are required for doubtful accounts receivable and inventory obsolescence, estimates involved in impairment testing for property, plant and equipment and goodwill, estimates used in the valuation of derivatives and the determination as to whether valuation allowances are required against deferred income tax balances.

Allowance for doubtful accounts

Accounts receivables are shown net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Allowances are recorded at the end of each period for those balances considered to be of doubtful recovery based on an analysis of aging of balances and the evaluation of customers’ financial standing.

The Company believes that this accounting estimate is critical because estimates of future recoverability of accounts receivables may prove to be inaccurate, in which case the Company may have understated or overstated the allowance required for doubtful accounts receivables. Therefore, although the Company periodically reviews the aging of accounts receivables and evaluates customers’ financial standing, any significant unanticipated change in the recoverability of accounts receivable could have a significant impact on the Company’s reported operating results.

During the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company’s net charges to income for establishment (release) of allowances amount to ThCh$(706,078), ThCh$144,550 and ThCh$338,013, respectively.

Allowance for inventory obsolescence

Inventories of finished products, work in progress and by-products are valued at production cost including direct and indirect manufacturing costs plus price-level restatement. Inventories of goods for resale, raw materials, other materials and materials in transit are valued at price-level restated cost. The Company regularly reviews inventory quantities on hand and records an allowance for obsolescence based upon inventory turnover, aging, specific physical conditions by type of inventory considering current expectations of future product demands and production requirements. To the extent necessary, the Company establishes provisions for obsolescence based on a comparison of the carrying value and the net realizable value of finished goods and work-in-progress, using expected selling prices, evidenced by sales subsequent to the balance sheet date, customer contracts and estimations of the cost to complete or dispose of the respective inventory.

The Company believes that this accounting estimate is critical because estimates of future product demand may prove to be inaccurate, in which case the Company may have understated or overstated the provision required for excess and obsolete inventory. Therefore, although the Company periodically reviews the accuracy of its forecasts of future product demands, any significant unanticipated change in demands or technical developments could have a significant impact on the realizable value of its inventory and reported operating results.

During the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company was able to sell certain products that were previously subject to the obsolescence provision, due to an increase in demand of certain products of the wire and cable segment, which resulted in lower cost of sales in the amount of ThCh$1,251,107, ThCh$260,657 and ThCh$599,530, respectively. Inventory values do not exceed their estimated net realizable value.

Property, Plant and Equipment

The Company estimates the useful lives of property, plant and equipment in order to determine the amount of depreciation expense to be recorded during any reporting period. The estimated useful lives are based on the historical experience with similar assets taking into account anticipated technological or other changes. If technological changes are expected to occur more rapidly or in a different way than previously anticipated, the useful lives assigned to these assets may need to be reduced, resulting in the recognition of increased depreciation and amortization expense in future periods.

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets (other than intangibles and deferred tax assets) in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 33 “Accounting treatment of Property, Plant and Equipment”, issued by the Chilean Association of Accountants, and SFAS No. 144 "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets". Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The rules require recognition of impairment of long-lived assets in the event that the net book value of such assets exceeds the future undiscounted net cash flows attributable to such assets. Impairment, if any, is recognized in the respective period to the extent the carrying amount of an asset exceeds the fair value of such asset. The Company believes that the accounting estimate related to asset impairment is critical because it requires management to make assumptions about future sales and cost of sales over the estimated useful life of its property, plant and equipment, and to estimate net realizable values of inactive assets classified in other assets.

While the carrying values of property, plant and equipment may differ under Chilean GAAP and US GAAP, the impairment testing methodology is similar. During the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company recorded charges for impairment related to its property, plant and equipment, including those assets which are temporarily inactive and underutilized production facilities, amounting to ThCh$898,946, ThCh$493,459 and ThCh$1,226,297, respectively. During 2005, the Company recorded a gain for the reversal of impairment related to its investment in Optel Ltda. of ThCh$519,976, this gain was eliminated under US GAAP. There were no reversals of impairments recorded during 2004 and 2006.

Investments

The Company evaluates also the recoverability of its equity method investments based on Technical Bulletin No. 72 “Business combinations: permanent investments and consolidation of financial statements” and APB 18 “The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock”. The investments are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The rules require recognition of impairment generally in absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or inability of the investee to sustain an earnings capacity which would justify the carrying amount of the investment. The Company believes that the accounting estimate related to impairment of investments is critical because it requires management to make assumptions about future profitability of the investments.

During 2005 the Company recorded under Chilean GAAP a gain for the reversal of impairment related to its investment in Optel Ltda. of ThCh$ 519,976 that was recognized in 2003. Since under US GAAP reversal of impairment losses are not allowed, this gain was eliminated under US GAAP. There were no impairments or reversals of impairments recorded during 2004 and 2006.

Goodwill

The Company has significant intangible assets related to goodwill. Under Chilean GAAP, goodwill is depreciated on a straight line basis over its useful life and should be reviewed for impairment when events or circumstances, such as recurring losses indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying amount of the asset. Under US GAAP, Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 142, goodwill is not amortized however, it must be allocated to reporting units and tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or circumstances, such as adverse changes in the business environment, indicate that there may be justification for conducting an interim test. Impairment testing is performed at the reporting-unit level (which is generally one level below the four major business segments of Madeco). The first part of the test is a comparison, at the reporting unit level, of the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, then the second part of the test is required to measure the amount of potential goodwill impairment. The implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill is calculated and compared to the carrying amount of goodwill recorded in the Company’s financial records. If the carrying value of reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, then the Company would recognize an impairment loss in the amount of the difference, which would be recorded as a charge against net income. For further detail of the differences in goodwill between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP see Note 32 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The fair values of the reporting units are determined using discounted cash flow models based on each reporting unit’s internal forecasts.

The impairment analysis requires management to make subjective judgments concerning estimates of how the assets will perform in the future using a discounted cash flow analysis. Additionally, estimated cash flows may extend beyond five years and, by their nature, are difficult to determine. Events and factors that may significantly affect the estimates include, among others, competitive forces, customer behavior and attrition, changes in revenue growth trends, cost structures and technology and changes in interest rates and specific industry or market sector conditions.

Deferred Income Tax Valuation Allowance

The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that it believes is more likely than not to be realized. The valuation of the deferred tax asset is dependent on, amongst other things, the ability of the Company to generate a sufficient level of future taxable income.

The Company believes that the accounting estimate related to valuation allowances against deferred tax assets is critical because the analysis requires management to make subjective judgments concerning estimates and timing of future taxable income, considering both positive and negative evidence including historical results of operations, losses realized in recent periods, and the implementation of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The Company has reviewed and will continue to review its assumptions and tax planning strategies and, if the amount of the estimated realizable net deferred tax asset is less than the amount currently on the balance sheet, the Company would reduce its deferred tax asset, recognizing a non-cash charge against reported earnings. For additional information about deferred tax and the differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP see Note 32 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Derivative Instruments

The Company uses derivatives in the normal course of business to manage its exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities. By policy, the Company does not enter into such contracts for trading purposes or for the purpose of speculation. The Company accounts for derivatives on the consolidated financial statements at fair value in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 57 “Accounting for Derivatives” of the Chilean Association of Accountants and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended and interpreted, incorporating FASB Statements No. 137, 138 and 149". Fair values are based on quoted market prices or, if not available, on internally developed pricing models provided by independently obtained market information. However, market information is often limited or in some instances not available. In such circumstances management applies its professional judgment. Notwithstanding the level of subjectivity inherent in determining fair value, the Company believes its estimates of fair value are adequate. The use of different models or assumptions could lead to changes in the Company’s reported results.

The Company maintains forward foreign exchange contracts and foreign exchange swap contracts to cover the risks of fluctuation in exchange rates between the Chilean peso, US dollar and Brazilian real and changes in the interest rates. The Company enters into forward foreign exchange contracts to mitigate the risk that cash flows will be adversely affected by changes in exchange rates resulting from the collection of receivables from international customers and the purchase of supplies and raw materials. The Company also utilizes interest rate swap agreements to manage interest rate risk on its floating rate debt portfolio. These derivative instruments are recorded at fair value as of the balance sheet date in Other assets or Other liabilities. Changes in the fair values of such instruments are recorded in income. For further details see Note 27 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In addition, the Company held 3,500 tons of Copper hedged by Swaps and Asian Options with a positive effect of Ch$1,040 million as of December 2006 in statements of income. Further details see Note 27 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Net Realizable Values of Inventories

As of December 2006, before the decrease of the market Copper price (LME), the Company registered its inventories at net realizable values whereby a charge of Ch$4,185 million was included in the net income of 2006. Part of this amount (Ch$3,122 million) was charged to operating income and the remainder (Ch$1,063 million corresponding to the hedged inventories) was charged to non-operating income.

U.S. GAAP Reconciliation

The Company prepares its audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with Chilean GAAP, which differs in certain significant respects from U.S. GAAP. See Note 32 to the audited consolidated financial statements for a description of the material differences between Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to us and our consolidated subsidiaries, reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and Shareholders’ equity and a discussion of new accounting rules under U.S. GAAP. The following table sets forth net income and Shareholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 under Chilean GAAP and U.S. GAAP:

 

  Year Ended December 31,
  2004 2005 2006
  (in millions of constant Ch$ as of December 31, 2006)
Net income (Chilean GAAP) 9,004 12,267 30,204
Net income (U.S. GAAP) 10,133 14,366 34,041
Shareholders’ equity (Chilean GAAP) 167,668 209,693 251,555
Shareholders’ equity (U.S. GAAP) 152,230 196,707 242,337

Significant differences exist between net income and Shareholders’ equity under Chilean GAAP and under U.S. GAAP as presented in Note 32 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

The higher net income under U.S. GAAP, is a result of reversals in goodwill, reversals in impairment of property, plant and equipmentwhich generate a lower depreciation under U.S. GAAP – deferred income taxes and reversals of depreciation in increased value from technical revaluation of property, plant and equipment.

Simultaneously, the lower Shareholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP is due to reversals in technical revaluations of property, plant and equipment, deferred income taxes, acquisition of Optel Brazil, reversals of goodwill amortization – balanced by the goodwill impairment in Ficap Brazil – and finally staff severance indemnities.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company generally finances its activities with funds generated by its operations, short-term financing and, from time to time, long-term bond issuances and bank loans. On December 31, 2006, the Company’s total financial indebtedness was Ch$128,368 million (US$241.1 million). With respect to the Company’s financial bank and public debt, its total short-term financial indebtedness (including the short-term portion of long-term obligations) was Ch$36,757 million (US$69.0 million), and its long-term financial indebtedness was Ch$61,697 million (US$115.9 million). With respect to the Company’s other financial indebtedness, its short-term liabilities were Ch$24,673 million (US$46.3 million) and its long-term liabilities were Ch$5,241 million (US$9.8 million). Management believes that its current level of working capital is sufficient for its requirements, assuming an average copper price similar to the one witnessed in the first six months of 2007.

Short Term Financing

On December 31, 2006, the Company’s short-term bank debt (excluding the short-term portion of its long-term bank obligations) was Ch$15,491 million (equivalent to US$29.1 million).

On June 5, 2006, Madeco signed a US$50 million 5-year club deal. Approximately US$12 million of the proceeds were used to repay debts held with Quiñenco. Another US$13 million was used to repay a bridge loan that BBVA had granted to the Company pending the capital increase. The remaining US$25 million was used for working capital. As of December 31, 2006, the first installment of the 5-year club deal loan (US$4 million) and an additional US$8 million corresponding to two installments had been prepaid.

As of March 31, 2007, the Company’s total short-term bank debt (excluding the short-term portion of its long-term bank obligations) was Ch$18,880 million (equivalent to US$35.0 million at the Ch$539.2 to US$1.00 at the Observed Exchange Rate on March 31, 2007). This amount includes various short-term obligations with more than 20 banks, 10 of which are in Chile and the rest in other countries, primarily Latin America. In addition, as of this date bank obligations include a bank loan to Alusa of US$8.5 million related to the purchase of an additional interest in Peruplast and Tech Pak. On March 31, 2007, four installments totaling US$16 million, corresponding to 100% of the short term component of the club deal, were prepaid.

The Company’s total remaining short-term loans are not committed to credit lines and do not require the Company to comply with financial covenants. The Company generally uses these loans for the financing of trade transactions, working capital and other general corporate purposes. The Company experiences no seasonality of borrowing requirements.

Bonds

On December 15, 2004, the Company prepaid its Series A bonds primarily with the proceeds obtained from the issuance of its 7 year Series D bonds in December 2004, and the remaining balance from cash. The prepayment amounted to UF1.97 million, equivalent to Ch$34,634 million (historic value) or US$62.1 million, of which UF 1.9 million corresponded to a capital payment and UF0.07 million corresponded to an interest payment. The Series D bond issuance amounted to UF1.8 million.

The Series D bonds, which amounted to Ch$31,260 million, were issued in the Chilean market, for a term of seven years and at 5% interest rate over the UF.

The total amount of Series D bonds outstanding on December 31, 2006, was Ch$24,763 million (equivalent to US$46.5 million at the Ch$532.4 to US$1.00 Observed Exchange Rate for December 31, 2006).

The total amount of bonds outstanding on March 31, 2007, was Ch$25,118 million (equivalent to US$46.6 million).

Medium-Term and Long-Term Bank Loans

The Company’s consolidated medium-term and long-term bank debt (including the short-term portion of these loans) outstanding as of December 31, 2006, was approximately Ch$57,712 million (equivalent to US$108.4 million at the Ch$532.4 to US$1.00 Observed Exchange Rate for December 31, 2006).

The Company’s medium-term and long-term bank debt (including the short-term portion of these loans) outstanding as of March 31, 2007 was approximately Ch$52,677 million (equivalent to US$97.6 million at the Ch$539.2 to US$1.00 Observed Exchange Rate for March 31, 2007).

As of December 31, 2005, the Company’s subsidiary Alusa had a 5 year syndicated loan agreement with Banco de Chile and Banco del Estado for a total amount of UF300,000 (equivalent to US$10.5 million at the Ch$512.5 to US$1.00 Observed Exchange Rate for December 31, 2005), with semi-annual payments. The principal covenants include a maximum leverage ratio of 0.75 times equity and a minimum equity of UF1,765,000 (equivalent to US$61.9 million at the Ch$512.5 to US$1.00 Observed Exchange Rate for December 31, 2005). As of December 31, 2005, the Company was in compliance with all of these covenants. On April 31, 2005, the Company’s subsidiary, Alusa S.A., obtained a loan from Banco Security of UF163,000 (equivalent to US$5.7 million at the Ch$512.5 to US$1.00 Observed Exchange Rate for December 31, 2005). The initial terms of the loan were an annual interest rate of TAB for a 180 day period (interest at which banks lend to each other) plus 0.8% and a total payment period of 5 years (due in 2010). The main covenant agreed upon was that Madeco must own over 50.1% of the common stock shares with voting power. In May 2006, Alusa renegotiated a leaseback of UF306,983 reducing the interest rate from a 6.53% variable rate to a 4.80% fixed rate and the term from 15 years to 10 years.

For additional discussion regarding the covenants corresponding to the Company’s various credit facilities, see Note 22 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Apart from those restrictions set forth in Note 22 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements, there are no material restrictions, either legal or economic, that would limit Company’s ability to collect funds from their subsidiaries.

The Company’s Compliance with Financial Covenants

During 2006 and the first quarter 2007, the Company was in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants required by banks and bondholders.

Changes in the Company’s Risk Classification

Rating agencies evaluate Madeco’s common shares and its debt. From 2003 to 2006, Fitch Chile Clasificadora de Riesgo Ltda. (“Fitch Chile”) and Feller Rate Clasificadora de Riesgo Limitada (“Feller”) have published ratings related to the financial standing of certain of Madeco’s debt instruments and shares. These two rating agencies are registered with the Superintendency of Securities and Insurance (the Chilean regulatory authority).

In September 2004, Feller classified the Company’s debt as BBB- and its shares as First Class Level 4. In June 2005, Fitch Chile classified the Company’s debt as BBB- and its shares as First Class Level 3. In March 2006 and in March 2007, these agencies classified the Company’s debt as BBB+ and its shares as First Class Level 3.

Financial Instruments Used for Hedging Purposes

For information on the Company’s use of financial instruments for hedging purposes, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Derivatives”, and Note 27 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

The following table summarizes the Company’s financial obligations, their expected maturities as of December 31, 2006, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on the Company’s liquidity and cash flow in the periods indicated:
 

Contractual Obligations Due by Period (in Ch$ million)
Contractual Obligations Total < 1 year 1-3 years 3-5 years > 5 years
Short-Term and Long-Term Debt 125,510 63,019 38,805 23,686 -
Capital Lease Obligations 6,036 818 1,263 1,090 2,865
Operating Leases 655 364 161 97 33
Other Long-Term Obligations 306 - 306 - -
Service Contracts 8,184 3,554 2,523 1,629 478
Scheduled interest payment obligations (1) 12,576 6,630 5,003 943 -
Severance Indemnities 4,148 880 1,598 107 1,563
Total Contractual Obligations 157,415 75,265 49,659 27,552 4,939

(1) Scheduled interest payment obligations related to long-term obligations were calculated using stated coupon rates for fixed debt and interest rates applicable on December 31, 2006, for variable rate debt.

As of December 31, 2006, the Company had standby Commercial Commitments and Guarantees amounting to Ch$9,056 million with a number of lending institutions (for further detail see Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements). Of these contingent commitments, guarantees of Ch$ 7,576 are scheduled to be released within the upcoming 12 month period.

Liquidity

As of March 31, 2007, the Company had Ch$21,024 million in cash and cash equivalents. The Company’s total short-term indebtedness with banks and financial institutions amounted to Ch$18,880 million. This was composed of Ch$15,053 million of the current portion of long-term bank debt, Ch$4,852 million of the current portion of long-term bond debt, Ch$1,843 million in other loans, Ch$36,996 million in various accounts and notes payable and Ch$409 million in payables to related parties. Long-term indebtedness (excluding the current portion thereof) included Ch$37,625 million of long-term obligations with banks, Ch$20,266 million of long-term bond obligations and Ch$6,596 million of long-term accounts and notes payable.

As of December 31, 2006, the Company had Ch$17,545 million in cash and cash equivalents. The Company’s total short-term indebtedness with banks and financial institutions amounted to Ch$15,491 million, composed of Ch$16,241 million of the current portion of long-term bank debt, Ch$4,537 million of the current portion of long-term bond debt, Ch$488 million in other loans, Ch$24,226 million in various accounts and notes payable and Ch$447 million in payables to related parties. Long-term indebtedness (excluding the current portion thereof) included Ch$41,471 million of long-term obligations with banks, Ch$20,226 million of long-term bond obligations, Ch$5,241 million of long-term accounts and notes payable.

As of December 31, 2005, the Company had Ch$7,955 million in cash and cash equivalents. The Company’s total short-term indebtedness with banks and financial institutions amounted to Ch$24,942 million, composed of Ch$2,567 million of the current portion of long-term bank debt, Ch$4,343 million of the current portion of long-term bond debt, Ch$418 million in other loans, Ch$18,408 million in various accounts and notes payable and Ch$8,619 million in payables to related parties. Long-term indebtedness (excluding the current portion thereof) included Ch$25,135 million of long-term obligations with banks, $24,717 million of long-term bond obligations, Ch$5,649 million of long-term accounts and notes payable.

Cash Flow

As of December 31, 2006, the Company had cash and cash equivalents totaling Ch$17,545 million versus Ch$7,955 million as of December 31, 2005, and Ch$13,615 million as of December 31, 2004. As of March 31, 2007, the Company had cash and cash equivalents totaling Ch$21,024 million.

The Company’s cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements of Cash Flows, are summarized in the following table:
 

Cash Flow(1) 2004 2005 2006
Cash provided by (used in):      
Operating activities 5,025 10,595 5,913
Financing activities (23,896) (4,163) 14,447
Investing activities 25,929 (11,784) (10,429)
Effect of inflation on cash 679 (309) (341)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 7,737 (5,660) 9,591
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year 5,878 13,615 7,955
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 13,615 7,955 17,545

(1) Amounts are stated in million of constant Chilean pesos as of December 31, 2006.


The Company’s principal capital requirements are to finance working capital of its normal operations, as well as capital expenditures to modernize and increase the efficiency of its machines. Madeco expects that it will have sufficient resources from operations to fund Madeco’s currently anticipated capital expenditures and working capital needs. The amount of resources obtained from operations may be affected, however, by a variety of factors. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors”.

Cash flow from operating activities in 2006 decreased Ch$4,682 million compared to 2005 as a result of higher needs for working capital produced by the sharp increase in copper prices.

In 2006, cash flow related to financial activities increased by Ch$18,610 million compared to 2005, primarily attributable to proceeds from the Company’s capital increase of Ch$9,463 million in October 2005, and US$50 million proceeds of a 5-year club deal on June 5, 2006. In addition, Indeco borrowed US$13 million in August 2006 from Banco del Crédito del Perú at a variable interest rate of Libor + 2.15%. Furthermore, Alusa and Ficap obtained net bank loans of Ch$2,642 million and Ch$3,849 million, respectively.

Cash flow used in investment activities in 2006, was mainly for the acquisition of property, plant and equipment totaling Ch$14,334 million, offset in part by sales of property, plant and equipment of Ch$2,482 million. In 2005, the cash flow used in investment activities was related to the purchase of fixed assets in the amount of Ch$10,616 million and other expenditures of Ch$2,673 million.

The positive cash flow provided by investment activities in 2004 was related to the liquidation of short-term financial instruments, specifically repurchase agreements bought with funds raised in the capital increase carried out in 2003. Part of this cash flow went to pay the ‘C’ series bond at the end of the first half of 2004, which was reflected in the negative cash flow from financial activities.

The following table summarises the Company’s assets as well as the scheduled maturities of the Company’s debt as of December 31, 2006:

  As of December 31, 2006 (in Ch$ million)
  Expected Maturity Date
  2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 & beyond TOTAL FAIR VALUE
ASSETS                
Fixed Rate                
Time Deposits (BRL) 262 - - - - - 262 262
Average Interest Rate (%) 13.31% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 13.31% 13.31%
Marketable securities (Non-Indexed Ch$) 306 - - - - - 306 306
Average Interest Rate (%) 5.28% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 5.28% 5.28%
Other assets (US$) 5,810 - - - - - 5,810 5,810
Average Interest Rate (%) 5.35% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 5.35% 5.35%
Other assets (Non-Indexed Ch$) 6,434 - - - - - 6,434 6,434
Average Interest Rate (%) 6.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.02% 6.02%
                 
DEBT                
Fixed Rate                
Bank Debt (SOL) 2,127 - - - - - 2,127 2,127
WAIR (%)(1) 5.27% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 5.27% 5.27%
Bank Debt (Non-Indexed Ch$) 1,177 - - - - - 1,177 1,177
WAIR (%) 6.11% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.11% 6.11%
Bank Debt (ARS) 1 - - - - - 1 1
WAIR (%) 8.80% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.80% 8.80%
Bank Debt (EUR) 50 - - - - - 50 50
WAIR (%) 6.45% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.45% 6.45%
Bank Debt (JPY) 501 - - - - - 501 501
WAIR (%) 2.52% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.52% 2.52%
Bank Debt (US$) - 1,205 - - - - 1,205 1,205
WAIR (%)(1) 0.00% 2.10% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.10% 2.10%
Bank Debt (BRL) - - - - 191 - 191 191
WAIR (%) (1) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 11.50% 0.00% 11.50% 11.50%
Bonds (UF) 4,537 4,693 4,927 5,174 5,432 - 24,763 25,256
WAIR (%) 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 0.00% 5.00% 4.20%
Bank Debt (UF) 487 - - - - - 487 487
WAIR (%) 4.80% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.80% 4.80%
Bank Debt (US$) 2 - - - - - 2 2
WAIR (%) 8.14% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.14% 8.14%
Dividends payable (SOL) 83 - - - - - 83 83
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Accounts payable (Non-Indexed Ch$) 5,109 - - - - - 5,109 5,109
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Accounts payable (UF) 32 - - - - - 32 32
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Accounts payable (US$) 10,465 - - - - - 10,465 10,465
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Accounts payable (EUR) 132 - - - - - 132 132
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Accounts payable (ARS) 1,163 - - - - - 1,163 1,163
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Accounts payable (BRL) 4,622 - - - - - 4,622 4,622
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Accounts payable (SOL) 229 - - - - - 229 229
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Accounts payable (JPY) 345 - - - - - 345 345
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Accounts payable (other currencies) 145 - - - - - 145 145
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Notes payables (US$) 1,013 - - - - - 1,013 1,013
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Notes payables (ARS) 260 - - - - - 260 260
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Sundry Creditors (UF) 5 484 507 532 558 2,865 4,950 4,950
WAIR (%) 0.00% 4.80% 4.80% 4.80% 4.80% 4.80% 4.80% 4.80%
Sundry Creditors (Non-Indexed Ch$) 141 - - - - - 141 141
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Sundry Creditors (US$) 526 268 29 - - - 822 822
WAIR (%) 4.98% 7.44% 7.44% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 5.87% 5.87%
Sundry Creditors (ARS) 1 - - - - - 1 1
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Sundry Creditors (BRL) 37 - - - - - 37 37
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Due to related companies (Non-Indexed Ch$) 391 - - - - - 391 391
WAIR (%) 8.85% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 8.85% 8.85%
Due to related companies (US$) 55 - - - - - 55 55
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Provisions and Withholdings (UF) 107 42 30 27 27 551 784 784
WAIR (%) 0.00% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00% 7.00% 6.04% 6.04%
Provisions and Withholdings (Non-Indexed Ch$) 3,952 142 30 27 27 1,012 5,190 5,190
WAIR (%) 0.00% 2.28% 2.28% 7.00% 7.00% 3.46% 0.82% 0.82%
Provisions and Withholdings (US$) 144 - - - - - 144 144
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Provisions and Withholdings (ARS) 1,041 1,264 - - - - 2,305 2,305
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Provisions and Withholdings (BRL) 2,811 2,324 - - - - 5,135 5,135
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Provisions and Withholdings (SOL) 1,608 - - - - - 1,608 1,608
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Unearned income (Non-Indexed Ch$) 1 - - - - - 1 1
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Unearned income (BRL) 3,516 - - - - - 3,516 3,516
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Unearned income (ARS) 3,219 - - - - - 3,219 3,219
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Unearned income (SOL) 154 - - - - - 154 154
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Unearned income (US$) 959 - - - - - 959 959
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Deferred Taxes (ARS) - 52 - - - - 52 52
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Deferred Taxes (SOL) - 438 - - - - 438 438
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other liabilities (ARS) - 306 - - - - 306 306
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other liabilities (Non-Indexed Ch$) 5 - - - - - 5 5
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other liabilities (US$) 1,147 120 - - - - 1,267 1,267
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Other liabilities (BRL) 66 160 - - - - 225 225
WAIR (%) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
                 
Variable Rate                
Bank Debt (UF) 3,079 3,661 2,860 3,073 95 - 12,768 12,778
Interest Rate Based on Tab Tab Tab Tab Tab Tab Tab  
WAIR (%) 5.65% 5.77% 6.44% 6.44% 4.63% 0.00% 6.04% 6.03%
Bank Debt (US$) 19,961 6,829 6,096 6,096 3,625 - 42,607 42,557
Interest Rate Based on Libor Libor Libor Libor Libor Libor Libor  
WAIR (%) 5.62% 5.97% 6.48% 6.48% 6.65% 0.00% 6.01% 6.16%
Bank Debt (BRL) 4,837 7,740 - - - - 12,576 12,576
Interest Rate Based on CDI CDI         CDI  
WAIR (%) 16.21% 14.15% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 14.86% 14.86%

(1) WAIR = Weighted Average Interest Rate


Capital Expenditures

The investment and financing policy for the current year was presented during the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting that was held on April 25, 2007. This policy requires that the Company’s investment levels shall be at the levels necessary to sustain its businesses and operations.

The Company’s capital expenditure plans amount to Ch$22,627 million for the period 2007 to 2009, and are broken down as follows:

  Amounts in Ch$ million
Business Unit 2006 2007-2009 Total
Wire & Cable 4,295 22,627 26,922
Brass Mills 515 1,581 2,096
Flexible Packaging 6,611 11,829 18,440
Aluminum Profiles 2,913 3,945 6,858
Total 14,334 39,982 54,316

Wire & Cable Unit. The Company’s expected investments for the Wire & Cable business unit of Ch$22,627 million over the next three years, include the ERP implementation of SAP in Peru, Chile, Argentina and Colombia, and the acquisition of machinery and equipment in Brazil, Peru and Chile. Furthermore, this investment plan includes the acquisition of an 80% share of Cedsa (Colombia) totaling US$3.7 million and a capital increase in this new subsidiary of approximately US$4.8 million (see “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company – Recent Development”).

Brass Mills Unit. The Company’s investment plans for the Brass Mills unit amount to Ch$1,581 million, which include machinery and overhaul of equipment primarily for its plant facility in Chile.

Flexible Packaging Unit. Planned capital expenditures for the Company’s Flexible Packaging unit total Ch$11,829 million and include machinery and equipment in Chile, Argentina and Peru. Moreover, this plan includes an increase in the share ownership of Peruplast and Tech Pak in Peru of approximately US$10 million.

Aluminum Profiles Unit. Planned capital expenditures for the Aluminum unit amount to Ch$3,945 million, which include a new plant to produce PVC profiles.

The Company modifies its capital investment program on an ongoing basis due to changes in market conditions for the Company’s products, changes in general economic conditions in Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Colombia or elsewhere, changes in the prices of raw materials, interest rate changes, inflation and foreign exchange rate changes, competitive conditions and other factors. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company will make any of the above-mentioned expenditures, and the actual amount of such future capital expenditures could be significantly more or less than planned.

If necessary, Madeco intends to provide or actively participate in obtaining financing (whether equity, debt or a combination thereof) to support the planned future capital expenditures and expansion of its principal businesses. The amounts and terms of any such debt or equity financing for Madeco will depend, among other things, on the terms and conditions of financing available to its businesses from third parties and international capital markets, as well as Madeco’s ability to substantially and timely complete its refinancing plan.


Research and Development, Patents and Licenses

The Company’s research and development efforts do not involve material expenditures as the Company relies primarily on technology and equipment purchased or licensed from foreign companies.


Trends

The 2003 - 2005 Business Plan developed in late 2002 was successfully completed last year. It focused on: 1) increasing sales, 2) improving production efficiency at plants, 3) reducing selling and administrative expenses, and 4) increasing the profitability of Company’s assets. As a result of this Business Plan, in 2004 the Company was able to reverse the losses of the previous five years, and increase profit by 34% in 2005.

In late 2005, Madeco did an evaluation of the 2003 - 2005 Business Plan, which it used as a basis for defining the 2006 - 2008 Business Plan to efficiently align efforts to make the Company grow profitably. The main objectives of the new Business Plan follow: 1) to consolidate the activities of the Wire and Cable unit, 2) to diversify and search for growth and profit opportunities for the Brass Mills unit, 3) to make the Flexible Packaging unit profitable, 4) to maintain leadership in the Aluminum Profiles unit, 5) to achieve operational excellence by searching for homologous process options and best practices in the different business units, 6) to implement a strategic management policy in human resources, 7) to consolidate the Company’s financial position.

Progress is being made on the strategic plan for 2006-2008 including consolidation of the performance of the Wire and Cable and Flexible Packaging units and maintenance of the market leadership of the Aluminum Profiles unit. Simultaneously, the Company’s financial position has improved and the Company has begun to roll out SAP in order to implement best practices throughout the Company. In addition, the Company started to deploy the Skills Management program in order to improve strategic management in the human resources area.

Development of the Business Plan is expected to continue to have a positive impact on profitability at the operating level. Notwithstanding the successful implementation of the Business Plan, the Company is facing a permanent increase in the cost of its main raw material, copper. Even though the Company has been able to transfer this cost increase to its customers, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to pass along increases in the cost of copper and/or aluminum to its customers in the future. Furthermore, as long as copper prices keep increasing, the Company will have to continue meeting greater working capital requirements.

In spite of the strong demand for copper pipes prior the year 2000, plastic pipes have increasingly become competitive substitutes for copper pipes due to the increasing price of copper. As the market share for plastic pipes has increased, the sales volume of the Brass Mills business unit has decreased. The Company believes that this product substitution effect will not decline.

Macroeconomic conditions in the main markets where the Company operates continue to be a key driver for results.  For additional discussion see Item 3. “Key Information – Risk Factors.”

Wire & Cable

In Chile, the Company expects that growth in the wire and cables industry will be driven by increasing demand from the construction industry as well as the energy distribution sector. The target is to continue its leadership in cables for power transmission lines, lines for energy distribution and telecom lines. In Brazil, the challenge is to continue to invest in the Company in order to support market growth, particularly in aluminum cables used for energy transmission lines and energy distribution lines. In Peru, the Company expects to maintain its leadership position and take the necessary steps to meet the requirements of the mining, energy, telecom, and construction industries. In Argentina, the Company expects to increase its production due to consolidation of demand. Growth is expected in sales of aluminum cables used for energy transmission lines and energy distribution lines. In Colombia, the Company plans to increase the production capacity of Cedsa by introducing more value-added products in order to take advantage of existing opportunities afforded by the recent expansion of the Colombian economy.

Brass Mills

In Chile, though the Company expects that growth in GDP will support demand, high copper prices and competition from local producers and imports will likely continue affecting its sales. The Company expects to focus its marketing efforts on the penetration of new foreign markets, particularly in the industrial pipes sector and thus mitigate its dependence on the construction industry. In Argentina, the Company expects to continue with its current level of production for the local market, developing markets such for refrigeration tubes, industrial water pipes and tubes used in heat exchangers. Furthermore, due to the estimated growth in demand for ethanol, the Company is exploring the possibility of entering the market for pipes used in sugar mills to produce ethanol in Brasil.

Flexible Packaging

In the Chilean flexible packaging segment, management will continue focusing the Company’s growth efforts on cross-selling to large customers, increasing its presence in the Chilean seafood industry and export market, and emphasising value-added products. To support this goal, the Company has made relevant investments in Chile to increase capacity. In Argentina, the Company has focused on restructuring its product portfolio to include more value–added products and to carry out an investment plan which will upgrade capacity and technological capabilities. During 2006, the Company’s customers in the Argentine market have exerted pressure to fix prices; therefore, the Company will continue to focus its growth efforts on export markets, particularly in those markets where the Company has some competitive advantages, such as Brazil. In March 2007, Alusa increased its participation in Peruplast and Tech Pak and implemented a new strategy focused on more value-added products in order to increase the return on its assets. Additionally, Peruplast and Tech Pak will focus on creating new synergies between the Alusa Group companies.

Aluminum Profiles

Even though the construction sector experienced important growth during 2006, foreign competition, particularly from China at low costs, and substantive increases in aluminum prices, have placed increased pressure on margins. During 2007, the Company expects moderate growth in residential construction, with a scenario similar to that of 2006 in terms of competition and margins. During the third quarter of 2007, the Company, through a new subsidiary, will begin manufacturing and selling its own PVC window and door profiles and systems. Synergy between both business units is expected to strengthen the Company’s current competitive position.


Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2006.




ITEM 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees

Go to Table of Contents

Directors

During the Company’s Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 26, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors was elected for a period of 3 years.

The following table sets out the current membership of the Board of Directors and each member’s position on the Board, year of birth, year of initial election to the Board, and other directorships:
 

Board Member Position Born First Elected Other Directorships
Guillermo Luksic Craig (1) (4) Chairman 1956 1984 Chairman, Quiñenco S.A.
Chairman, Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A.
Chairman, Ficap S.A. (Brasil)
Chairman, Inversiones y Rentas S.A.
Chairman, Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A.
Chairman, Compañía Cervecerías Unidas Argentina S.A.
Chairman, Compañía Telefónica del Sur S.A.
Chairman, Compañía de Teléfonos de Coyhaique S.A.
Chairman, LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A.
Chairman, Viña San Pedro S.A.
Director, Compañía Pisquera de Chile S.A.
Director, Viña Dassault - San Pedro S.A. (Viña Altair S.A.)
Director, Banco de Chile
Director, SM Chile S.A.
Director, Industria Nacional de Alimentos S.A.
Director, Antofagasta plc
Jean-Paul Luksic Fontbona (1) (4) Vice-Chairman 1964 1985 Chairman, Compañía Minera El Tesoro S.A.
Chairman, Minera Los Pelambres Ltda.
Chairman, Minera Michilla S.A.
Chairman, Antofagasta Minerals S.A.
Chairman, Antofagasta Plc.
Chairman, Antofagasta Railway Company Plc.
Director, Quiñenco S.A.
Andronico Luksic Craig (1) Director 1954 1980 Vice-Chairman, Quiñenco S.A.
Vice-Chairman, Banco de Chile
Director, Compañia Cervecerias Unidas S.A.
Director, Industria Nacional de Alimentos S.A.
Director, Sociedad de Fomento Fabril (SOFOFA)
Director, Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago
Hernán Büchi Buc Director 1949 1994 Chairman, Industria Nacional de Alimentos S.A.
Director, Quiñenco S.A.
Director, Soquimich S.A.
Director, Falabella S.A.
Director, Pilmaiquén S.A.
Director, Banco de Chile
Alessandro Bizzarri Carvallo (2) Director 1961 2000 Director, Empresa El Peñón S.A.
Director, Inversiones y Bosques S.A.
Director, Inversiones Consolidadas S.A.
Director, Inversiones Salta S.A.
Director, Inversiones Metan S.A.
Eugenio Valck Varas (2) (3) Director 1949 2001 CEO, Brainbest S.A.
Director, Cintac S.A.
Felipe Joannon Vergara (2) (4) Director 1959 2001 Chairman, Viña Tabalí S.A.
Director, Viña San Pedro S.A.
Director, Alusa S.A.
Director, Habitaria S.A.
Director, LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A.
Director, Inversiones Río Azul S.A.
Director, Inversiones LQ SM S.A.
Director, Hoteles Carrera S.A.

Director, Telefónica del Sur S.A.

Director, Calaf S.A.

Director, Tech Pak S.A.

Director, Peruplast S.A.
Oscar Ruiz-Tagle Humeres (4) (5) Honorary Chairman 1920 1970 Chairman, Alusa S.A.

(1) Guillermo Luksic Craig, Andronico Luksic Craig and Jean-Paul Luksic Fontbona are brothers.
(2) The Company’s Directors’ Committee includes Alessandro Bizzarri Carvallo, Felipe Joannon Vergara and Eugenio Valck Varas.
(3) Mr. Eugenio Valck Varas was elected as a new Director at the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 24, 2001 and reelected in April 2005. Mr. Valck is independent from the controlling shareholder. Mr. Valck composes the Audit Comittee.
(4) Mr. Oscar Ruiz-Tagle Humeres resigned on July 24, 2001 and on that same day was nominated as an Honorary Chairman of the Board. Mr. Guillermo Luksic Craig was nominated as the new Chairman of the Board; in his replacement as Vice-Chairman, Mr. Jean Paul Luksic Fontbona was elected. In addition, Mr. Felipe Joannon Vergara was elected as a new Director. The entire Board of Directors was reelected at the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held in April 2005, for a three-year period pursuant to the Company’s bylaws.
(5) Mr. Oscar Ruiz-Tagle Humeres was part of the Board of Directors of Alusa until April 24, 2006.


On June 26, 2007, Mr. Alessandro Bizarri Carvallo resigned from the Board of Directors and from the Company’s Directors’ Committee. The Board of Directors accepted Mr. Alessandro Bizarri Carvallo’s resignation and designated Mr. Francisco Pérez Mackenna to replace him until the next Shareholder Meeting. As a consequence of Mr. Alessandro Bizarri Carvallo’s resignation and replacement, a whole new Board of Directors must be elected at the next Shareholder Meeting. Due to the events indicated above and in consideration of the provisions of the Chilean Corporation’s Law, the Board of Directors elected the following Directors to compose the Company’s Directors’ Committee: Felipe Joannon Vergara, Francisco Pérez Mackenna and Eugenio Valck Varas.
 

Senior Management

On October 2002, the Board of Directors designated as Madeco’s new Chief Executive Officer Mr. Tiberio Dall’Olio, an executive who has multiple years of experience in the cable manufacturing industry. Mr. Julio Cordoba was named Madeco Chile’s Director of Operations.

The following table sets out the current executive officers of the Company and each officer’s position, the month and year from which each officer has held the position and the month and year in which each officer joined the Company:
 

Executive Officers Position Position Held Since Joined Madeco
Tiberio Dall’Olio (1) Chief Executive Officer Oct. 2002 Oct. 2002
Cristian Montes Chief Financial Officer April 2006 April 2006
Enrique Sotomayor (2) Legal Counsel and Secretary of the Board (2) Sep. 1974 Sep. 1974
Julio Cordoba(3) Director of Operations Oct. 2002 Oct. 2002
Jorge Tagle Business Unit Manager: Flexible Packaging July 2005 Oct. 2002
Mario Puentes Business Unit Manager: Aluminum Profiles Oct. 1999 Oct. 1999
Agilio Leao de Macedo Filho Chief Executive Officer Ficap July 2004 July 2004
Juan Enrique Rivera Chief Executive Officer Indeco Jan. 1996 June 1995
Sady Herrera Chief Executive Officer Decker-Indelqui May 2002 July 2000

(1) Mr. Dall’Olio’s contract with Madeco expires on December 31, 2007.
(2) Enrique Sotomayor was named Secretary of the Board in November 1986.
(3) Mr. Cordoba’s contract with Madeco expires on September 30, 2007.

 

 

Tiberio Dall’Olio (born 1937). Mr. Tiberio Dall’Olio has been the Company’s Chief Executive Officer since October 2002. Previously he was the CEO of the Company between 1980-86. His additional work experience includes: Teleco Cables Italy (1991-2000), CCU (1986-90), Ceat General Cable (1968-1973), Ceat Italy Cables (1962-68) and Olivetti (1960-62). Mr. Dall’Olio received his law degree at the Padua University (Italy).

Cristian Montes (born 1965). Mr. Cristian Montes has served as Chief Financial Officer of Madeco S.A. since April 2006. Prior to his current position, he was Chief Executive Officer at Construmart S.A. for six years. He also was Chief Financial Officer and Sales & Marketing Manager of Ceramicas Cordillera S.A. (part of the Pizarreño Group of companies). He received a degree in Business Administration from the Universidad Católica de Chile.

Enrique Sotomayor (born 1945). Mr. Enrique Sotomayor has served as legal counsel and secretary of the Board of Directors since 1986. Prior to joining Madeco, he practiced law at: Leonidas Montes Asociados (1967-69); Singer Sewing Machine Corp. (1970-73); and A.A.P. Ahorromet (1973-74). He received his law degree at the Universidad de Chile.

Julio Cordoba (born 1947). Mr. Cordoba joined the Company in October 2002 and was appointed as Director of Operations in Chile. His previous work experience includes: Plásticos Ecológicos Ltda. (1999-2001), Aceros del Pacífico S.A. (1998), Lloreda Productores de Acero S.A. (1997), Cables de Energía y Telecomunicaciones S.A. (1992-96), Ceat General de Colombia S.A. (1984-92), Madeco S.A. (1980-83), Ceat General de Colombia S.A. (1974-79), Industrias Metálicas de Palmira S.A. (1971-73).

Jorge Tagle (born 1969). Mr. Jorge Tagle joined the Company in October 2002 and was appointed as Business Unit Manager of the Flexible Packaging in July 2005. His previous work experience includes: Madeco’s Chief Financial Officer (2002-2005), Quiñenco S.A. (1999-2002), Corpgroup (1998-1999), Citicorp (1994-1996) and Soquimich (1993-1994). He received his degree in Civil Industrial Engineering from the Universidad Católica de Chile and his MBA from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.

Mario Puentes (born 1948). Mr. Mario Puentes joined the Company in October 1999 as the Business Unit Manager for the Aluminum Profiles unit. His previous work experience includes: Compañía de Acero del Pacífico (1971-1975); Oficina Consultora RFA Ingenieros Ltda. (1975-1977); Forestal S.A. (1977-1979); Watt’s Alimentos S.A. (1979-1981); Compañía Cervecerías Unidas S.A. (1981-1987); Citibank N.A. (1987-1989); and Vidrios Lirquén S.A. (1990-1995). Immediately prior to joining the Company, Mr. Puentes worked for 4 years as an independent consultant (1995-1999) in various industries. He received his degree in Civil Industrial Engineering from the Universidad de Chile and his Masters of Science from the University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom.

Agilio Macedo (born 1947). Mr. Agilio Macedo joined the Company in July 2004 as the Chief Executive Officer of Ficap S. A., the Company’s wholly owned Brazilian affiliate. His previous work experience includes: Master Mind Consultoria Ltda. (2002-2004); Aracruz Celulose S. A. (1995-2002); Courtaulds International Ltda. (1991-1995); Associados em Finanças e Investimentos Ltda.(1987-1991); Cia Fiat Lux (1983-1986); Xerox do Brasil S. A. (1976-1983) and Cummins Engine Co. (1974-1976). He received his degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Paraná and Masters in Business Administration from the Stanford University Business School.

Juan Enrique Rivera (born 1942). Mr. Juan Enrique Rivera joined the Company in 1995 and was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Indeco S.A. in January 1996. His previous work experience includes: Decker-Indelqui (1995), Phelps Dodge Cable Operation in Chile - Cocesa (1979-1995), Industrias Electrónicas del Perú S.A. (1973-1979), Mellafe y Salas S.A. - Planta Arica (1968-1973). He received his degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Chile.

Sady Herrera (born 1957). Mr. Sady Herrera joined the Company in July 2000 and was appointed Deker-Indelqui’s Chief Executive Officer in May 2002. His previous work experience includes: Coresa Argentina S.A. (1998-2000), Empresas Torre S.A.(1986-1997), Armada de Chile (1979-1985). He received his degree in Naval Engineering from the Academia Politécnica Naval de Viña del Mar and his post-graduate degree in Economics and Administration from the Universidad Católica de Chile.


Compensation

For the year ending December 31, 2006, the total compensation paid by the Company to all directors was Ch$86 million and to all executive officers, Ch$3,887 million. The Company does not disclose to its shareholders, or otherwise make public, information regarding the compensation of its individual executive officers. The Company does not maintain any pension plans or retirement programs for its directors or executive officers.

On October 27, 2004, Madeco's Board of Directors approved the renewal of the employment agreements of the Company's Chief Executive Officer, Tiberio Dall'Olio, and the Director of Operations of Madeco Chile, Julio Cordoba, for an additional two-year period. The two executives, originally hired for a two-year period in October 2002, were given renewed contracts that expire on September 30, 2007. The contract of Tiberio Dall’Olio was renewed in September 2006, and will expire on December 31, 2007.

These executives were granted new stock options on May 20, 2005 to subscribe for shares of Madeco pursuant to the compensation plans established in the Special Shareholders Meeting held on November 14, 2002 and approved by the Board on January 25, 2005. The subscription price for these new shares was Ch$60 per share, as determined in the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting on December 22, 2004.

The Board of Directors agreed to offer subscription options at Ch$60 per share to the executives as follows: i) Chief Executive Officer, Tiberio Dall’Olio, 100,000,000 shares, with the provision that the option be exercised between September 30 and November 30, 2006; ii) Director of Operations in Chile, Julio Córdoba, 20,000,000 shares, with the provision that the option be exercised between September 30 and November 30, 2006; iii) Corporate Director of Operations, Giampiero Genesini, 10,000,000 shares, with the provision that the option be exercised between September 30 and November 30, 2005.

On August 31, 2005, the contracts on stock options signed on May 20, 2005 were declared null and void by mutual accord between Madeco S.A. and the above mentioned executives.

At its meeting on November 29, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors agreed to set a new strike price for the stock options included in the compensation plan mentioned above at Ch$48.52 per share in order to equal this price to the issue price of the shares destined to be subscribed by the shareholders and corresponding to the same capital increase, agreed to in the Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of September 2, 2005. In the same Board of Directors meeting, a new compensation plan was devised for the placement of the remaining shares destined for this purpose.

In its meeting on May 30, 2006, the Board granted new stock options at Ch$48.52 per share to Mr. Tiberio Dall’Olio, for 100,000,000 shares and to Mr. Julio Cordoba, for 20,000,000 shares. Both options can be exercised between October 1 and November 12 of 2007. The contracts for these stock options were signed on July 14, 2006, between these executives and the Company.

There is an annual performance-based bonus program for executive officers.

Each year, the Board of Directors submits a proposal regarding compensation of its members to the shareholders, who approve the Board’s proposal at the annual ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting. The following table sets forth the total compensation paid by the Company and its subsidiaries to each Company’s director of the Board for services rendered in 2006 in thousands of Chilean pesos:
 

Director 2006
Guillermo Luksic Craig (1) 1,414
Andronico Luksic Craig (1) 408
Jean-Paul Luksic Fontbona (1) 1,413
Hernan Büchi Buc 2,022
Alessandro Bizzarri Carvallo 6,263
Felipe Joannon Vergara 9,387
Eugenio Valck Varas 6,263
Oscar Ruiz-Tagle Humeres (2) 58,488
Total 85,658

  1. Guillermo Luksic Craig, Andronico Luksic Craig and Jean Paul Luksic Fontbona are brothers.
  2. Mr. Oscar Ruiz-Tagle Humeres resigned on July 24, 2001 and on that same day was nominated as an Honorary Chairman of the Board.

 

Board Practices

Directors’ Service Contracts

The current term of office for each director expires in 2008. There are no service contracts among any of the directors and Madeco S.A. providing for benefits upon termination of employment.

Directors’ Committee

According to Chilean Corporations Law, the Boards of Directors of corporations whose market capitalization reaches or exceeds UF1.5 million (as of May 31, 2007, approximately US$52.9 million) shall designate a Directors’ Committee (the “Directors’ Committee”). If the market capitalization falls below this threshold, there is no obligation to designate a Directors’ Committee. However, corporations which do not reach the threshold may voluntarily assume Directors’ Committee obligations, in which case they shall strictly follow the provisions of the Law.

However, the Directors’ Committee, as defined and mandated under the Chilean Corporations Act, does not satisfy the Directors’ Committee requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and certain additional requirements under NYSE Rule 303A, with which the Company was required to comply since July 31, 2005.

The Directors’ Committee shall have the following powers and duties:

  1. to examine the independent accountants’ reports, the balance sheets, and other financial statements submitted by the corporation’s managers or liquidators to the shareholders, and issue an opinion about them prior to their submission for shareholder approval;
  2. to propose to the Board of Directors, the independent accountants and the risk rating agencies, which the Board must then propose to the shareholders. If the Board disagree with the Directors’ Committee’s proposal, the Board shall be entitled to make its own proposal, submitting both proposals to the shareholders for their consideration;
  3. to examine the documentation concerning (i) contracts or agreements in which directors have an interest and (ii) transactions between related or affiliated companies, and to produce a written report on such documentation. A copy of the report shall be delivered to the Chairman of the Board, who shall read it at the Board meeting in which the relevant transaction is presented for approval or rejection;
  4. to examine the managers’ and chief executives’ remuneration policies and compensation plans; and
  5. all other matters contemplated in the Company’s bylaws or entrusted to the Directors’ Committee by a Shareholders’ Meeting or the Board of Directors.
For purposes of the related party transactions mentioned above, the following entities and/or persons are considered by the Securities Market Law and the Chilean Corporations Law to be related to a company:

  1. any entities within the financial conglomerate to which the company belongs;
  2. corporate entities that have, with respect to the company, the character of parent company, affiliated company, subsidiary or related company. Parent companies are those that control directly or indirectly more than 50% of the subsidiary’s voting stock (or participations, in the case of business organizations other than stock companies), or that may otherwise elect or appoint, or cause the election or appointment, of the majority of the directors or officers. Limited partnerships (sociedades en comandita) may likewise be affiliates of a corporation, whenever the latter has the power to direct or guide the administration of the general partner (gestor) thereof. Related companies are those that, without actually controlling the affiliate, own directly or indirectly 10% or more of the affiliate’s voting stock (or participations, in the case of business organizations other than stock companies), or that may otherwise elect or appoint, or cause the election or appointment of at least one board member or manager;
  3. persons who are directors, managers, administrators or liquidators of the company, and their spouses or their close relatives (i.e., parents, father/mother in law, sisters, brothers, sisters/brothers in law); and
  4. any person who, whether acting alone or in agreement with others, may appoint at least one member of the management of the Company or controls 10% or more of the capital of the Company.
In addition, the Chilean Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros (Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, or “SVS”) may create a presumption that any individual or corporate entity is related with a company if, because of relationships of equity, administration, kinship, responsibility or subordination, the person:

  1. whether acting alone or in agreement with others, has sufficient voting power to influence the company’s management;
  2. creates conflicts of interest in doing business with the company;
  3. in the case of a corporate entity, is influenced in its management by the company; or
  4. holds an employment or position which affords the person access to non-public information about the company and its business, which renders the person capable of influencing the value of the company’s securities.
However, a person shall not be considered to be related to a company by the mere fact of owning up to 5% of the company, or if the person is only an employee of the company without managerial responsibilities.

The Directors’ Committee’s discussions, agreements, and organization are regulated, in every applicable matter, by the Chilean Corporations Law provisions relating to Board of Directors’ meetings. The Directors’ Committee shall inform the Board of Directors about the manner in which it will request information and about its resolutions.

In addition to the general liabilities imputable to any director, the directors that compose the Directors’ Committee shall, in the exercise of their duties, be jointly and severally liable for any damage caused to the corporation or the shareholders.

The Directors’ Committee shall be composed of three members, the majority of which shall be independent. Independent directors are those that would have been elected even if the votes cast in the director’s favor by the controlling shareholder and its related persons had not been counted. However, a majority of directors related to the controlling shareholder is permissible if there is an insufficient number of independent directors. Should there be more than three directors entitled to participate in the Directors’ Committee, the Board of Directors shall elect the members of the Directors’ Committee by unanimous vote. Should the Board fail to reach an agreement, the matter shall be decided by drawing. The Company’s Directors’ Committee was composed, until June 26, 2007, of Mr. Felipe Joannon, Alessandro Bizzarri and Eugenio Valck. Mr. Felipe Joannon and Mr. Alessandro Bizzarri were appointed by the controlling shareholder while Mr. Eugenio Valck is an independent director. On June 26, 2007, the Board of Directors accepted the resignation of Mr. Alessandro Bizzarri and designated Mr. Francisco Pérez Mackenna to replace him. The Board of Directors elected the following Directors to the Company’s Directors’ Committee: Felipe Joannon Vergara, Francisco Pérez Mackenna and Eugenio Valck Varas.

The members of the Director’s Committee shall be remunerated. The amount of such remuneration shall be established annually by the shareholders, taking into consideration the duties that the Director’s Committee members shall perform. The remuneration of the members of the Company’s Director’s Committee is UF15 (as of May 31, 2007, approximately US$529) per Director’s Committee meeting.

The shareholders shall determine the budget of the Directors’ Committee and those of its advisors, and the Director’s Committee shall be allowed to request the recruitment of professionals to fulfill its duties, within the limits imposed by the budget. The activities of the Directors’ Committee and its expenses, including its advisors’, shall be included in the annual report and conveyed to the shareholders. The budget of the Company’s Directors’ Committee and its advisors is UF2,000 per year (as of May 31, 2007, approximately US$70,517).

Audit Committee

Pursuant to NYSE Rule 303A.06, in 2005, Madeco designated an audit committee that satisfies the requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and the additional requirements under NYSE Rule 303A. The Audit Committee is currently composed by Mr. Eugenio Valck.

General summary of significant differences with regard to corporate governance standards

The following paragraphs provide a brief, general summary of significant differences between corporate governance practices followed by Madeco pursuant to its home-country rules and those applicable to U.S. domestic issuers under New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) listing standards.

Composition of the Board of Directors; independence. The NYSE listing standards provide that listed companies must have a majority of independent directors and that certain board committees must consist solely of independent directors. Under NYSE rule 303A.02, a director qualifies as independent only if the board affirmatively determines that such director has no material relationship with the company, either directly or indirectly. In addition, the NYSE listing standards enumerate a number of relationships that preclude independence.

Under Chilean law there is no legal obligation to have independent directors. However, Chilean law establishes a number of principles of general applicability designed to avoid conflicts of interests and to establish standards for related party transactions. Specifically, directors elected by a group or class of shareholders have the same duties to the company and to the other shareholders as the rest of the directors, and thus may not fail to perform such duties under the pretense of defending the interests of the shareholder who elected them. Furthermore, all transactions with the company in which a director has an interest, either personally (which includes the director’s spouse and certain relatives) or as a representative of a third party, require prior approval by the board of directors and must be entered into on market terms and conditions. Furthermore, such transactions must be reviewed by the Directors’ Committee (as defined below) and disclosed at the next meeting of shareholders. Pursuant to NYSE rule 303A.00, Madeco may follow Chilean practices and is not required to have a majority of independent directors. The directors of a company are jointly and severally liable for any damages they cause to the company and its shareholders.

Committees. The NYSE listing standards require that listed companies have a Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee, a Compensation Committee and an Audit Committee. Each of these committees must consist solely of independent directors and must have a written charter that addresses certain matters specified by the listing standards.

Under Chilean law, the only board committee that is required is the Directors’ Committee, composed of three members, such a committee having a direct responsibility to (a) review the company’s financial statements and the independent auditors’ report and issue an opinion on such financial statements and report prior to their submission for shareholders’ approval, (b) make recommendations to the Board of Directors with respect to the appointment of independent auditors and risk rating agencies, (c) review transactions in which directors have an interest and transactions between affiliated companies, and issue a report on such transactions, (d) review the Chief Executive Officer’s (“CEO”) and principal executive officers compensation policies and plans and (e) perform other duties as defined by the company’s charter, by the general shareholders’ meeting or by the board. Of the three members of the Committee, two have to be independent from the controlling shareholder. A director who is a member of the Directors’ Committee is “independent” if, subtracting the votes of the controlling shareholder and its affiliates from the total number of votes given in favor of such director, he or she would have been nevertheless elected. Directors elected with the votes of the controlling shareholder and its affiliates may constitute the majority of the Directors’ Committee if there are not enough independent directors on the board. The members of the Committee are jointly and severally liable for any damages they cause to the company and its shareholders.

Shareholder approval of equity-compensation plans. Under NYSE listing standards, shareholders must be given the opportunity to vote on all equity-compensation plans and material revisions thereof, with limited exemptions. An “equity-compensation plan” is a plan or other arrangement that provides for the delivery of equity securities of the listed company to any employee, director or other service provider as compensation for services.

Under Chilean law, if previously approved by shareholders at an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting, up to ten percent of a capital increase in a publicly traded company may be set aside to fund equity-compensation plans for the company’s employees and/or for the employees of the company’s subsidiaries. Pursuant to NYSE rule 303A.00, as a foreign issuer, Madeco may follow Chilean practices and is not required to comply with the NYSE listing standards with respect to shareholder approval of equity-compensation plans.

Corporate Governance Guidelines. The NYSE listing standards provide that listed companies must adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines with regard to (a) director qualifications standards; (b) director responsibilities; (c) director access to management and independent advisors; (d) director compensation; (e) director orientation and continuing education; (f) management succession; and (g) annual performance evaluation of the board.

Chilean law does not require that such corporate governance guidelines be adopted. Director responsibilities and access to management and independent advisors are directly provided for by applicable law. Director compensation is approved by the annual meeting of shareholders pursuant to applicable law. As a foreign issuer, Madeco may follow Chilean practices and is not required to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. The NYSE listing standards require that listed companies adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers.

Madeco has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies generally to all of its executive officers and employees. A copy of the code of ethics is filed as an exhibit to this annual report.

Executive Sessions. To empower non-management directors to serve as a more effective check on management, NYSE listing standards provide that non-management directors of each company must meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without management.

Under Chilean law, the office of director is not legally compatible with that of a company officer in publicly traded companies. The board of directors exercises its functions as a collective body and may partially delegate its powers to executive officers, attorneys, a director or a board commission of the company, and for specific purposes to other persons. As a foreign issuer, Madeco may follow Chilean practices and is not required to comply with the NYSE listing standard for executive sessions.

Certification Requirements. Under the NYSE listing standards, Section 303A.12(a) requires that each listed company CEO must certify to the NYSE each year that he or she is not aware of any violation by the company of NYSE corporate governance listing standards. Section 303A.12(b) requires that each listed company CEO must promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any executive officer of the listed company becomes aware of any material non-compliance with any applicable provisions of Section 303A. Section 303 A.12 (c) requires that each listed company must submit an executed written affirmation regarding certain board and committee practices annually and each time a change occurs to the board or certain of its committees.

As a foreign private issuer, Madeco is required to comply with Section 303A.12(b) and (c), but is not required to comply with the certifications requirements set forth in Section 303A.12(a).


Employees

The following table breaks down the Company’s total number of employees by country as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 as well as of March 31, 2007:
 

Total Number of Employees  (1)
Country Dec 31, 2004 Dec 31, 2005 Dec 31, 2006 March 31, 2007
Chile 1,659 1,634 1,555 1,513
Brazil 589 618 731 755
Peru (2) 245 308 390 1,066
Argentina 283 298 315 408
Colombia (3) - - - 150
Bolivia (4) 1 0 0 0
Total 2,777 2,858 2,991 3,892

(1) The Table includes Optel´s workforce in Madeco´s consolidation, 9 employees as of December 31, 2004, 5 employees as of December 31, 2005, 18 employees as of December 31, 2006, and 20 employees as of March 31, 2007.
(2) Since March 31, 2007, Alusa’s Peruvian subsidiaries, Peruplast S.A. and Tech Pak S.A., consolidated their accounting records with those of the Company.
(3) Since March 31, 2007, Madeco’s Colombian subsidiary, CEDSA S.A., has consolidated its accounting records with those of Madeco.
(4) The Company’s aluminum profiles subsidiary in Bolivia, Distribuidora Boliviana Indalum S.A., ended its sales operations in June 2004. Consequently, since that date the aluminum profiles Bolivian market was directly serviced from the Chilean Madeco’s subsidiary, Indalum S.A.


As of December 31, 2006, a total of 1,215 employees, or 40.6% of the Company’s total workforce, were represented by 17 labor unions, which represent their members in collective bargaining negotiations with the Company. Additionally, the Company had a total of 248 temporary employees who were hired for specific time periods to satisfy short-term needs. Management’s relationship with the labor unions representing the employees is generally good.

During the 1999 - 2003 period, the Company implemented a series of restructuring measures in response to the continued unfavorable economic conditions within the region. As a consequence of Argentina’s deep economic recession, in December 2001, the Company closed the production operations of its Argentine subsidiary Decker-Indelqui. Since December 31, 2004, the Wire & Cable business unit located in Argentina has been, on a non-continuous basis, partially reopened. The Brass Mills business unit facilities also located in Argentina have been operating at limited capacity since 2003.

The Company does not maintain any pension fund or retirement program for its employees and has no liability for the performance of governmental pension plans or any governmental pension payments to employees.

The following tables and discussion provide further information regarding the Company’s total human resources by business unit as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, as well as of March 31, 2007:
 

  Executives Professionals Employees Total
         
December 31, 2004(2)        
Wire & Cable and Brass Mills (1) 34 414 1,469 1,917
Flexible Packaging 8 153 417 578
Aluminum Profiles 7 76 199 282
Madeco Consolidated 49 643 2,085 2,777
         
December 31, 2005        
Wire & Cable and Brass Mills 35 475 1,512 2,022
Flexible Packaging 7 147 400 554
Aluminum Profiles 7 84 191 282
Madeco Consolidated 49 706 2,103 2,858
         
December 31, 2006        
Wire & Cable and Brass Mills 36 511 1,563 2,110
Flexible Packaging 5 158 438 601
Aluminum Profiles 7 89 184 280
Madeco Consolidated 48 758 2,185 2,991
         
March 31, 2007 (3)        
Wire & Cable and Brass Mills 46 519 1,681 2,246
Flexible Packaging 24 406 937 1,367
Aluminum Profiles 7 88 184 279
Madeco Consolidated 77 1,013 2,802 3,892

(1) Figures for Wire & Cable and Brass Mills employees presented above differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2004. Considering that the Company consolidated with Optel in 2005, figures for prior years include employees of Optel for comparative purposes.
(2) Prior to 2004, the Company presented all workers (except for Executives) as either employees or professionals based on their functional role and duties within the Company. During 2004, the Company changed its classification of its workers and only presents those workers with either a university or technical degree as “Professionals”. All other employees were classified as “Employees”.
(3) Figures for the Wire & Cable and Flexible Packaging business units include employees from the Colombian facility, which was acquired in February 2007, and from the Peruvian subsidiaries which started consolidating in March 2007.

 

Wire & Cable and Brass Mills. The following table sets forth the Company’s human resources as of December 31, 2006 for the Wire & Cable and Brass Mills business units. The employees are broken down by employee category and country:
 

Wire & Cable and Brass Mills Units: Employees as of December 31, 2006
  Executives Professionals Employees Total
Chile 16 144 703 863
Brazil 13 85 633 731
Peru 4 244 67 315
Argentina 3 38 160 201
Total 36 511 1,563 2,110

 

In Chile as of December 2006, the Company had 863 permanent employees and 20 temporary employees. A total of 624 employees were represented by 3 labor unions and one non-unionized labor union (506 and 255 employees, respectively). On December 16, 2004, Madeco Chile reached an agreement with Unions Nº1 and Nº2 prior to the expiration of the collective bargaining agreement. The Company also reached an agreement with Union Nº3 and the non-unionized workers. Consequently, the Company and the Unions signed new contracts with a three year term, expiring on January 1, 2008. The last work stoppage in Madeco-Chile was in February 1993 and lasted 10 days. At Armat, new collective bargaining agreements were signed with Unions Nº1 and Nº2, which involved 42 and 26 workers respectively with a 2 year term. Armat’s last work stoppage was in 1991 and lasted 12 days. By the end of 2006, Cotelsa signed a collective bargaining agreement with its two labor unions which represented 101 employees.

In October 2005 and January 2007, the Company reduced its workforce by 120 and 54 employees, respectively, in the Brass Mills business unit’s facilities located in Chile.

In Brazil as of December 2006, the Company had 731 permanent employees and 25 temporary employees. A total of 279 employees were represented by 2 labor unions, Metalurgicos do Rio de Janeiro and Metalurgicos de Campinas. Collective bargaining in Brazil is done on a statewide basis rather than on an industry-wide basis or on a company-by-company basis. Each year, the unions negotiate with their respective municipal governments to reach an agreement. The Company’s last work stoppage in Brazil was in October 1997, lasting four days and involving 54 employees; currently, the Company considers its relations with all its employees to be good.

In Peru as of December 2006, the Company had 315 permanent employees and 68 temporary employees, none of which were members of labor unions, in 2006. The Company has experienced no strikes in Peru since 1993.

In Argentina as of December 2006, the Company had 201 permanent employees and 4 temporary employees. A total of 91 employees were represented by 3 labor unions. Although, there have been several work stoppages in Argentina since the Company’s acquisition of Indelqui in 1990 these were due to strikes called by nation wide labor federations and were unrelated to conditions at the Company’s operations. The last work stoppage was in 1999 and involved 301 employees.

Flexible Packaging. The following table sets forth the Company’s human resources as of December 31, 2006, for the Flexible Packaging unit. The personnel are broken down by employment category and country of origin.
 

Flexible Packaging Unit: Employees as of December 31, 2006
  Executives Professionals Employees Total
Chile 3 114 295 412
Argentina 2 44 143 189
Total 5 158 438 601

 

In Chile as of December 2006, the Company had 412 permanent employees and 64 temporary employees. A total of 403 employees were represented by four bargaining commissions (three labor unions and one non-unionized personnel commission). In 2006, the Company entered into a three-year collective bargaining agreement with bargaining commissions. The last work stoppage, which occurred on August 1998, lasted 20 days and included 130 employees.

In Argentina as of December 2006, the Company had 189 permanent employees and 8 temporary employees. A total of 3 employees were represented by one labor union. On June 2006, Aluflex signed a collective bargaining agreement with a union that represented 166 company employees.

Aluminum Profiles. The following table sets forth the Company’s personnel at December 31, 2006 for the Aluminum Profiles unit. Personnel are broken down by employment category.
 

Aluminum Unit: Employees as of December 31, 2006
  Executives Professionals Employees Total
Total 7 89 184 280

 

The Aluminum Profiles division in Chile had 280 permanent and 59 temporary employees. A total of 43 employees were represented by two unions. In December 2006, Indalum completed its collective bargaining process and entered into an employee labor agreement for the next 3 years with Unions No.1 and No.2, and with the Bargaining Commission for non unionized personnel (both groups represented a total of 226 employees).

Indemnities

All employees who are terminated in Chile, Brazil, Peru and Argentina for reasons not imputable to the workers are entitled by law to receive a severance payment.

In Chile, if the employee has been working continuously for a period of 12 months or more and the employer ended his contract due to necessities of the company, the employer will have to pay the employee, an indemnification for each year and fraction thereof (up to six months) that the employee worked for the company, equivalent to thirty days of salary for the last worked month. This indemnification has a maximum amount equivalent to three hundred and thirty days of remuneration (11 years). If the employer chooses to terminate an employee under these circumstances, it will have to inform the worker within thirty days of the anticipated termination. Nevertheless, it will not be required to give the employee this much notification, if the Employer chooses to pay the indemnification (in money equivalent) of the last yielded remuneration.

In Chile, the employees of the Company who are subject to collective bargaining agreements, receive an indemnification for each year worked (exclusive of the remuneration discussed above), equivalent to 30 days of salary for each full year, and fraction thereof, that is worked. This payment will become effective if the Company has the need to terminate the employee’s contract, or if the worker voluntary resigns (unless the worker violates sections N°1 and N°6 of article N° 160 of the labor code). The collective bargaining agreement does not contain any limitation regarding the total amount that may be paid to the employee, but establishes a maximum number of employees per year that may voluntarily terminate their contracts and claim severance benefit. However, the above referenced indemnification, must not be inferior to the amount established by law.

In Brazil, permanent employees are entitled to a percentage of their salary based on the number of months worked, as well as a payment of 1.33 times the employee’s salary in case of any pending vacations and a payment of 40% of the amount the employee has contributed to the Fondo Guarantia Por Tiempo Servicio (Guaranteed Funds for Service Time, or “FGTS”).

In Peru, permanent employees are entitled to compensation payments related to Compensación por Tiempo de Servicios (Employee Severance Indemnities, or CTS). The compensation amount is payable in two installments (May and November) and is equivalent to one month’s salary for each year of service. These CTS payments act as the employee’s unemployment insurance. Additionally, permanent employees are also entitled to, in certain circumstances, severance payments upon termination equivalent to one and a half month’s salary for each year of service with a maximum limit of 12 month’s salary.

In Argentina, permanent employees are entitled to one month’s salary for each year of service with a limit established by the Ministry of Labor.

Pension Plans

Workers in Chile are subject to a national pension fund law which establishes a system of independent pension plans, administered by Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (Pension Fund Administrators, or “AFPs”). The Company has no liability for the performance of the pension plans or any pension payments to be made to the employees.

Retired employees in Brazil receive government payments from both the FGTS and the Instituto Nacional de Seguridad Social (National Institute of Social Security). The Company has no liability for the performance of the pension plans or any pension payments to be made to the employees.

Workers in Peru are subject to a national pension fund law, which establishes a system of independent pension plans administered by AFPs. The Company has no liability for the performance of the pension plans or any pension payments to be made to the employees.

Workers in Argentina are subject to a national pension fund law that establishes a system of independent pension plans administered by Administradoras de Fondos de Jubilaciones y Pensiones (Pension and Retirement Fund Administrators, or “AFJPs”). The Company has no liability for the performance of the pension plans or any pension payments to be made to the employees

Share Ownership

With respect to directors and senior management, information concerning their share ownership in the Company is addressed in “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”.

The only compensation program is the one detailed above in “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees – Senior Managment – Compensation ”. The Company does not have any other stock option or other programs involving employees in the share capital of the Company.



ITEM 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

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Major Shareholders

Madeco’s only outstanding voting securities are its shares of common stock. The following table sets forth information concerning ownership of Madeco’s common stock as of May 31, 2007 with respect to each shareholder owning more than 5% of the outstanding shares of common stock and with respect to the percentage of Madeco’s common stock owned by all directors and executive officers of Madeco as a group:
 

Shareholder Number of shares owned % Ownership
Quiñenco S.A. and subsidiaries(1) (2) 2,557,255,382 46.15%
AFP Habitat S.A. 361,101,277 6.52%
AFP Bansander S.A. 319,615,746 5.77%
The Bank of New York 316,009,830 5.70%
Directors, Executive Officers and related parties as a group(3) 83,064,887 1.50%

(1) The controlling shareholder of Madeco S.A. is Quiñenco S.A., an open stock corporation.
(2) Quiñenco S.A. directly controls 40.964% of Madeco S.A. (2,269,895,546 shares) and indirectly controls through its subsidiary, Inversiones Río Grande S.A., 5.186% (287,359,836 shares).
(3) Includes shares owned by Luksic family memebers and its related companies, excluding Quiñenco S.A. and Inversiones Río Grande S.A.

 

Quiñenco S.A. is controlled by the Luksic Group, whose principal members are The Luksburg Foundation, Andrónico Luksic Craig, Guillermo Luksic Craig and Jean-Paul Luksic Fontbona. Until his death in August 2005, the Luksic Group also included Andronico Luksic Abaroa, the father of Andronico Luksic Craig, Guillermo Luksic Craig and Jean-Paul Luksic Fontbona. As of the date of this Annual Report, certain members of the Luksic Group beneficially own 82.9% of the outstanding shares of common stock of Quiñenco. Jean-Paul Luksic Fontbona does not directly or indirectly own any shares of Quiñenco but exercises control through memberships on boards of directors and managing councils of Luksic Group companies.

Control by the Luksic Group is exercised through the Luksic Group’s control of Andsberg Inversiones Ltda., Ruana Copper A.G. Agencia Chile, Inversiones Orengo S.A., Inversiones Consolidadas S.A., Inversiones Salta S.A and Inmobiliaria e Inversiones Río Claro S.A., which are the Luksic Group companies that hold shares of Quiñenco. The Luksburg Foundation beneficially owns approximately 94.6% of the total equity interest in Andsberg Inversiones Limitada, 100% of the outstanding shares of common stock of Ruana Copper A.G. Agencia Chile and 97.3% of the common shares of Inversiones Orengo S.A., entities which jointly hold approximately 56.4% of the outstanding shares of common stock of Quiñenco.

Although there are no formal agreements as to the voting or disposition of shares known to Quiñenco, Quiñenco believes that the members of the Luksic Group generally consult with each other regarding actions to be taken by shareholders of Quiñenco. Consequently, the Luksic Group has the power to elect a majority of Quiñenco’s directors and to determine the outcome of substantially all matters to be decided by a vote of shareholders.

Quiñenco’s only outstanding voting securities are its shares of common stock. There was no significant change in the share ownership of Quiñenco in 2004, 2005 or 2006. The following table sets forth information concerning ownership of the shares with respect to the Luksic Group’s companies as of December 31, 2006:
 

Title of Class Identity of Person or Group Amount Owned Percent of Class
Common Stock Andsberg Inversiones Ltda.
Ruana Copper A.G. Agencia Chile
Inmobiliaria e Inversiones Río Claro S.A.
Inversiones Consolidadas S.A.
Inversiones Salta S.A.
Inversiones Orengo S.A.
365,300,976  240,938,000  143,427,860  125,427,859  18,000,000 
2,465,667 

33.8%
22.3%
13.3%
11.6%
1.7%
0.2%

 

In addition, the Fundación Andrónico Luksic A., a charity foundation, owned 1,348,247 shares of Quiñenco equivalent to a 0.1% interest, and Inversiones Carahue S.A., a company owned by Paola Luksic Fontbona, owned 7,730 shares as of December 31, 2006. Davor and Andrónico Luksic Lederer, sons of Andrónico Luksic Craig, each own 128 shares of Quiñenco.

The Company’s shareholders have identical voting rights. To the knowledge of the Company, there are no arrangements or operations that may result in a change in control of the Company.

Madeco’s majority shareholder is Quiñenco S.A., which, through its direct and indirect interests in the Company, beneficially owns as of May 31, 2007 an aggregate of 46.15% of the outstanding shares (2,557,255,382 shares) of Common Stock. Six members of the Company’s Board of Directors are representatives of the Quiñenco Group, including the Chairman of the Board. The entire Board of Directors was reelected at the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 26, 2005, for a three-year period pursuant to the Company’s bylaws.

The following table shows the total number of shares authorized and paid as of December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006:
 

  2004 2005 2006
Common Stock (number of shares authorized and paid) 4,441,192,887 5,348,390,129 5,541,192,887

 

The following table includes each of the Company’s shareholders with an ownership interest exceeding 1.0% at December 31, for the years 2004, 2005 and 2006, demonstrating the significant changes in ownership percentages during the past three years:
 

Shareholder December 31, 2004 December 31, 2005 December 31, 2006
Quiñenco S.A. and subsidiaries (1) 2,275,240,329  51.23% 2,557,141,629  47.81% 2,557,255,382  46.15%
The Bank of New York 117,492,630  2.65% 210,112,530  3.93% 318,509,330  5.75%
A.F.P. Habitat S.A.

N/A

N/A 82,908,314  1.55% 313,895,523  5.66%
A.F.P. Summa Bansander S.A. 55,788,852  1.26% 25,537,117  0.48% 258,140,595  4.66%
Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. 244,429,015  5.50% 254,852,902  4.77% 163,733,746  2.95%
A.F.P. Provida S.A. 71,273,843  1.60% 88,927,032  1.66% 150,227,032  2.71%
A.F.P. Cuprum 23,128,513  0.52% 21,389,584  0.40% 145,647,038  2.63%
Citibank N.A. por Cuenta Terceros CAP.XIV 6,830,906  0.15% 45,971,804  0.86% 113,314,927  2.04%
A.F.P. Santa Maria S.A. 28,681,842  0.65% 29,828,899  0.56% 104,559,989  1.89%
Celfin Capital S.A. Corredores de Bolsa 100,606,052  2.27% 142,689,620  2.67% 103,510,306  1.87%
Fondo Mutuo Santander 45,871,117  1.03% 12,210,322  0.23% 94,476,700  1.70%
Larrain Vial S.A. Corredores de Bolsa 62,935,356  1.42% 85,107,691  1.59% 83,606,732  1.51%
Fondo Mutuo Legg Mason 72,173,519  1.63% 60,177,997  1.13% 71,305,359  1.29%
Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago Bolsa de Valores 105,719,363  2.38% 283,819,492  5.31% 68,221,617  1.23%
Dall Olio Tiberio 49,720,565  1.12% 61,056,097  1.14% 61,056,097  1.10%
Others 1,181,300,985  26.60% 1,386,659,099  25.92% 933,707,494  16.85%

(1) Quiñenco S.A. directly controls 40.964% of Madeco S.A. (2,269,895,546 shares) and indirectly controls through its subsidiary, Inversiones Río Grande S.A., 5.186% (287,359,836 shares).

 

As of May 31, 2007, The Bank of New York, as depositary for Madeco’s ADS facility, was the record owner of 316,009,830 shares of Common Stock in the form of 3,160,098 ADSs. These ADSs represented 5.70% of the total number of issued and outstanding shares at such date. The ADSs are issued pursuant to a deposit agreement dated June 7, 1993, as amended (the “Depositary Agreement”), among the Company, the Bank of New York as depositary (the “Depositary”) and the holders from time to time of the American Depositary Receipts (“ADSs”) evidencing the ADSs issued pursuant to the Depositary Agreement. It is not practicable for Madeco to determine the portion of its common stock or ADSs beneficially owned by U.S. persons.


Related Party Transactions

Under the Chilean Corporations Law, a corporation may not enter into a contract or agreement in which a director has a direct or indirect interest without prior approval by the Board of Directors, and only if the terms of the conflicting interest transaction are similar to those of an arm’s length transaction.

The Directors’ Committee is required by Chilean law to examine all documentation concerning (i) contracts or agreements in which directors have an interest and (ii) transactions between related or affiliated companies, and report their findings at the Board of Director meetings. For further discussion regarding Chilean law as it pertains to the Committee’s responsibilities and regulations regarding related party transactions, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Board Practices — Directors’ Committee”.

If the conflicting interest transaction involves a “material amount,” the Board of Directors is required to produce a statement declaring in advance that the conflicting interest transaction is similar in its terms to an arm’s length transaction. A conflicting interest transaction is deemed to involve a “material amount” if the amount involved is both greater than UF2,000 (as of May 31, 2007, approximately US$70,517) and exceeds 1% of the consolidated assets of the corporation, or if the amount exceeds UF20,000 (as of May 31, 2007, approximately US$705,167) regardless of the size of the corporation.

If the Board of Directors believes that it is not possible to ascertain whether the conflicting interest transaction is similar to an arm’s length transaction, it may approve or reject the conflicting interest transaction, or appoint independent advisors to make such a determination, in all these cases, with the exclusion of the interested directors. If the Board appoints independent advisors, the report prepared by the advisors must be made available to the shareholders and the Board of Directors within 20 business days from the date the report was received from the independent advisors. The shareholders must be notified in writing of the receipt of the report. After this period the Board may approve or reject the conflicting interest transaction, but the Board is not required to follow the independent advisors’ conclusion. The Board may treat the conflicting interest transaction and the report as confidential information, with the exclusion of the interested directors. Shareholders representing at least a 5% of the voting shares of the Company may request the Board call an Extraordinary Shareholders’ meeting in order to approve or reject the conflicting interest transaction by a two-thirds majority of the outstanding voting shares.

All decisions adopted by the Board in respect of the conflicting interest transaction must be reported at the following Shareholders’ Meeting. The controller of the corporation or the related party which intends to enter into the conflicting interest transaction shall make available to the Board of Directors, at the time the transaction is being considered by the Board, all information relating to the transaction filed with any non-Chilean regulatory entities or stock exchanges.

If a suit for damages arises from such a transaction, the defendant (i.e., one or more directors, the controller, a related party, or all of them) bears the burden of proof that the transaction was equally as or more beneficial to the corporation than an arm’s length transaction, unless the conflicting interest transaction was previously approved by the shareholders.

In the ordinary course of its business, the Company engages in a variety of transactions with affiliates of Madeco. Financial information concerning these transactions during the last three years is set forth in Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company believes that it has complied with the requirements of Article 89 and Article 44 in all transactions with related parties.

Although the Company generally does not provide or receive long-term debt financing to or from other entities within Madeco (except in connection with bank loans on arm’s length terms in the ordinary course of business from the Company’s former banks), the Company has occasionally in the past and expects in the future to advance funds and receive advances of funds from other companies under the common control of the Quiñenco Group where required to meet short-term liquidity requirements. These loans have been on a short-term unsecured basis at market rates of interest and, in the case of loans made by the Company to affiliated companies, require the prior approval of Madeco’s Board of Directors pursuant to the requirements of the Chilean Corporations Law relating to open stock corporations such as Madeco. The outstanding amounts of such loans made by the Company to affiliated companies during the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 were not material to Madeco, individually or in the aggregate. In addition, the Company has from time to time in the past made loans and advances to affiliated companies and to strategic investors and their affiliates to provide financing resources in connection with acquisitions of assets and other transactions. Such loans and advances have generally been made on a secured basis at market rates of interest. See Note 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company also provides goods and services in commercial transactions in the ordinary course of business to affiliated companies. In connection with such transactions, the Company from time to time extends unsecured credit on terms substantially similar to those available to other customers purchasing goods and services in similar quantities.

Except for the transaction described below, none of the transactions carried out during 2004, 2005 and 2006 between the Company and related parties were deemed to have been material to the Company and/or to the related party.

In December 2000, the Company signed a loan agreement with Quiñenco S.A. for an amount totaling UF355,790 (as of May 31, 2007, approximately US$12.5 million). In October 2002, the Company signed a new loan agreement with Quiñenco for an amount totaling UF84,879 (as of May 31, 2007, approximately US$3.0 million). The total amount outstanding as of December 31, 2005 was Ch$8,016 million (historical value). The loan had an annual interest rate equivalent to the tasa activa bancaria (Chilean inter-bank rate, or “TAB”) plus 1.75%. On June 5, 2006, the Company paid the total amount of this debt to Quiñenco.


Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable



ITEM 8. Financial Information

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Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

Identification of Financial Statements and Other Financial Information

See “Item 18. Financial Statements”

Export Sales

The tables below show export sales from each of the Company’s business units and their division components, in tons and in revenues. In each case, sales are also shown as a percentage of the total for the corresponding division or business unit:
 

Export (1) Sales Volume
  2004   2005 (3)   2006  
  Volume % total Volume % total Volume % total
Metallic Cable (in tons) 11,805 18.8% 13,132 19.1% 15,015 18.9%
Optical Fiber Cable (in kms) 0 0.0% 9,516 11.6% 17,151 28.3%
Wire & Cable (in equivalent tons)(2) 11,805 18.8% 13,348 18.9% 15,405 19.1%
Pipes Bars and Sheets (in tons) 18,618 60.3% 16,044 57.4% 17,031 64.5%
Coins (in tons) 2,351 96.0% 1,557 99.4% 1,572 97.6%
Brass Mills (in tons) 20,969 62.9% 17,601 59.6% 18,603 66.4%
Flexible Packaging (in tons) 2,323 14.2% 2,118 14.6% 2,674 17.1%
Aluminum Profiles (in tons) 0 0.0% 474 4.4% 484 3.9%
Total (in equivalent tons) (4) 35,097 28.5% 33,541 26.7% 37,166 27.2%

 

       
Export (1) Revenues
  2004   2005   2006  
  Ch$ million % total Ch$ million % total Ch$ million % total
Metallic Cable 24,683 14.0% 31,389 14.5% 60,533 16.9%
Optical Fiber Cable 0 0.0% 330 18.7% 258 18.1%
Total Wire & Cable 24,683 14.0% 31,719 14.6% 60,791 16.9%
Pipes Bars and Sheets 42,474 52.5% 40,588 54.0% 68,773 62.7%
Coins 7,234 90.4% 5,379 83.6% 6,988 71.7%
Brass Mills 49,708 55.9% 45,967 56.3% 75,761 63.5%
Flexible Packaging 6,681 14.0% 6,346 14.1% 7,700 16.7%
Aluminum Profiles 1,872 6.2% 1,643 5.5% 926 2.8%
Total 82,944 24.2% 85,675 23.0% 145,178 25.9%

(1) Exports of Metallic cables consist of all sales to customers in any country other than Chile, Brazil, Peru and Argentina. Exports of Optical Fiber cables consist of all sales to customers in any country other than Argentina. Exports of the PBS division of the Brass Mills unit consist of all sales to customers in any country other than Chile or Argentina. Exports of the Coins division of the Brass Mills unit consist of all sales to customers in any country other than Chile. Exports of the Flexible Packaging unit consist of all sales to customers in any country other than Chile or Argentina. Exports for the Aluminum unit consist of all sales to customers in any country other than Chile.
(2) Total sales volume of the Wire & Cable unit includes sales of both metallic and optical fiber cable products. Optical fiber sales volumes have been converted to tons, using the conversion rate: 1 ton = 44 kms.
(3) The percentages of consolidated volumes and export volume sales for 2005 of the optical fiber and wire and cable unit differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2005 as a result of a change in the Company’s methodology.
(4) Figures for percentage of total sales volume in 2004 presented above differ from those presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2005, due to a change in the Company’s estimations.

 

Wire & Cable. In 2006, the Wire & Cable business unit generated export sales, which amounted to 15,404 tons or 19.1% of the total business unit’s sales volume. In terms of revenues, exports amounted to Ch$60,556 million, an increase of 90.9% compared to 2005, and represented 16.9% of the total business unit’s revenues. The copper wire rod is the primary product exported to South American countries (77.0% of Wire & Cable exports) where the Company does not have a subsidiary.

PBS. In 2006, the PBS division of the Brass Mills business unit generated export sales, which amounted to 17,031 tons or 60.8% of the total business unit’s sales volume. Export revenues as a percentage of the PBS division’s revenues amounted to 62.7%, or Ch$68,773 million. With regard to exports, a total of 53.6% and 24.0% of products were sold in North America and Europe, repectively.

Coins. In 2006, export sales volume amounted to 1,572 tons or 97.6% of the coins division’s total sales volume. The business unit’s primary customers are central banks and coin mints around the world, with special emphasis on customers located in Europe, which represent 42.4% of total export revenues.

Flexible Packaging. In 2006, export sales volume amounted to 2,674 tons or 17.1% of the Flexible Packaging business unit’s total sales volume. Export sales as a percentage of total in revenues represent 16.7% or Ch$7,700 million in 2006 an increase of 21.3% compared to 2005. Principal export customers for the Flexible Packaging unit are located in other Latin American countries. In 2006, exports to North and Central America represented 39.8 % of total exports of the unit.

Aluminum Profiles. Export sales for the Aluminum Business unit includes sales made to customers in countries other than Chile. In 2006, export sales volume amounted to 484 tons or 3.9% of the Aluminum Profiles business unit’s total sales volume, or Ch$926 million represented 2.8% of the unit´s revenues.

 

Legal Proceedings

There are two lawsuits pending in Brazil brought by the State Secretary of Finance (Rio de Janeiro) against the previous owner of Ficap S.A., dating from before the time that Madeco S.A. bought the company in 1997. The total damages amount to approximately 6,950 thousand Brazilian reales as of December 31, 2005. Madeco S.A. has personal guarantees from the previous owner of Ficap S.A. to indemnify Madeco S.A. should the Brazilian subsidiary be affected by such legal actions.

In addition, the Company has other minor legal proceedings, the outcome of its outstanding litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. See Note 22 to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Dividend Policy

The Company's dividend policy is established by the Board of Directors. The Company’s current dividend policy was modified in 2007. The change in dividend policy was reported by the Board of Directors on March 28, 2007, and the Board informed shareholders at the shareholders’ meeting held on April 24, 2007. The dividend policy authorizes distribution of cash dividends in an amount equal to at least 30% of the Company’s annual net income under Chilean GAAP for the previous year. The Company’s dividend policy is subject to amendment by reason of changes in Chilean law, capital requirements, economic results and/or other factors. See “Item 3. Key Information — Risk Factors.” The Board of Directors may declare interim dividends out of profits earned during such interim period; these interim dividends must be imputed to the period dividends under the Dividend Policy. However, each year the Board of Directors must submit for shareholder approval the final declared dividend with respect to the preceding year.

With respect to the distribution of dividends, Chilean Corporate law provides that the company must distribute cash dividends equal to at least 30% of its annual net income calculated in accordance with Chilean GAAP, unless otherwise decided by a unanimous vote of the holders of all issued shares and unless and except to the extent it has accumulated losses.

Dividends are paid to all of the shareholders of record on the fifth business day (including Saturday) before the date set for payment of the dividend. Holders of record of ADSs are entitled to dividends declared for each applicable period. The dividend amounts and the aggregate amount of such dividends per share of Common Stock and per ADR for the period between 2002 and 2006 are shown in “Item 3. Key Information — Selected Financial Data.” Due to the existence of accumulated financial losses, the Company did not pay dividends from net income generated in 2005 and 2006, moreover, since May 1999, the Company has not distributed dividends.

Generally, shareholders who are not Chilean residents must register as foreign investors under one of the foreign investment regimes provided for by Chilean law in order to be entitled to the payment outside Chile, through the Formal Exchange Market of dividends, sale proceeds and other amounts with respect to their shares. Under the Foreign Investment Contract, the Depositary, on behalf of the ADS holders, has granted access to the Formal Exchange Market to convert cash dividends from Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars and to pay such dollars to ADS holders outside Chile. Dividends paid in respect of shares of Common Stock, including to holders of ADSs who are not Chilean residents, are subject to Chilean withholding tax. See “Item 10. Additional Information —Taxation”.

Significant Changes

See “Item 4. Information on the Company – History and Development of the Company – Recent Developments”.



ITEM 9. The Offer and Listing

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Offer and Listing Details

The shares of the Company’s Common Stock are currently traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Bolsa de Valores de Valparaiso and the Bolsa Electronica de Chile, an electronic over-the-counter trading system.

Shares of Madeco’s Common Stock also trade in the United States on the New York Stock Exchange Inc. (NYSE) since May 28, 1993 in the form of American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) under the symbol “MAD”. Since May 12, 2003, each ADS represents 100 shares of Common Stock of the Company.

For the periods indicated, the table below sets forth the low and high closing sales prices of Madeco’s Common Stock in Chilean pesos on the Santiago Stock Exchange. The table also includes for the same periods the low and high closing sales prices of the ADSs in U.S. dollars on the NYSE.
 

  Santiago Stock Exchange NYSE
  Low High Low High
Years (Ch$ per Share) (1) (US$ per ADS)
2002 24.5 175.0 0.25 2.80
2003 17.0 57.5 0.25 8.85
2004 35.5 64.0 5.65 11.00
2005 40.9 61.4 7.77 11.72
2006 40.5 60.0 7.67 10.65
         
Quarters        
2005        
First Quarter 55.0 62.0 9.31 10.94
Second Quarter 51.5 59.5 8.79 10.44
Third Quarter 48.0 62.5 8.99 11.72
Fourth Quarter 40.0 51.0 7.77 9.70
2006        
First Quarter 40.5 47.7 7.67 9.21
Second Quarter 42.5 52.0 7.79 10.51
Third Quarter 47.3 54.0 8.65 9.9
Fourth Quarter 52.5 60.0 9.8 11.55
2007        
First Quarter 57.1 69.5 10.82 13.01
Second Quarter through May 31 61.3 68.5 11.01 13.70
         
Months        
December 2006 57.0 59.9 10.65 11.30
January 2007 57.1 66.4 10.82 12.49
February 2007 59.8 69.5 10.95 13.01
March 2007 60.5 65.0 11.00 12.35
April 2007 62.0 68.8 11.01 13.18
May 2007 61.3 68.5 11.25 13.70

(1) Chilean pesos per share of Common Stock reflect the price at the trade date and have not been restated to constant real pesos.

 

On June 25, 2002, the Company was notified of its non-compliance with NYSE requirements for continued listing as a consequence of the price of Madeco’s shares, which was below US$1.00 over a consecutive 30-trading-day period.

On December 31, 2002, NYSE informed the Company that it was also not in compliance with NYSE’s continued listing standard requiring an average market capitalization of not less than US$15 million over a 30-trading-day period.

On January 10, 2003, NYSE informed the Company that NYSE’s Listing and Compliance Committee had approved Madeco’s proposed course of action to resolve its non-compliance with NYSE’s listing criteria. Madeco successfully completed its capital increase and indebtedness restructuring in the first quarter 2003. As a result of its capital increase and restructuring, Madeco’s market capitalization is above NYSE’s minimum market capitalization requirement.

On May 2003, the Company implemented a share to ADS ratio change which became effective on May 12, 2003. The ratio of shares to ADS changed from 1 ADS = 10 shares of common stock to 1 ADS = 100 share of common stock. This ratio change, together with the capital increase discussed above were implemented by Madeco to attempt to comply with the NYSE’s continuing listing requirements.

On May 21, 2003 NYSE informed the Company that as a result of actions taken to meet the minimum security price and minimum market capitalization continued listing requirements, the Company regained compliance with both requirements. There can be no assurance that the Company will meet the NYSE continued listing requirements in the future.



ITEM 10. Additional Information

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Memorandum and Articles of Association

Provided below is a summary of certain material information found in the Company’s bylaws and provisions of current Chilean law. This summary is not complete. For more information relating to the items discussed in this summary, you are encouraged to read the bylaws which we have filed as an exhibit to the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year 2002.

Registration and Corporate Purposes

Madeco S.A. is an open stock corporation (sociedad anonima abierta) organized by means of a public deed (escritura publica) dated April 3, 1944, the abstract of which was recorded on Folio 1,099, No. 946 of Santiago’s Registry of Commerce in 1944 and published in Chile’s Official Gazette on May 4, 1944. Its existence was approved by a Decree No. 1740 of the Ministry of Finance, dated April 26, 1944, recorded on Folio 1,105, No. 947 of Santiago’s Registry of Commerce in 1944, published in the Official Gazette as of May 4, 1944 and recorded at the Securities Registry of the Chilean Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros (Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, or “SVS”) under No. 251 on July 20, 1984.

As set forth in Article 4 of Madeco’s bylaws, its purpose is to manufacture processed products from metal and metal alloys, to engage in other businesses relating to such production, and the exploration and development of ore deposits and mining rights, among other businesses.

Directors

Under the Ley de Sociedades Anónimas (Chilean Corporations Law), a corporation may not enter into a contract or agreement in which a director has a direct or indirect interest (i.e., a conflicting interest transaction) without prior approval by the Board of Directors, and only if the terms of the conflicting interest transaction are similar to those of an arm’s length transaction.

If the conflicting interest transaction involves a “material amount,” the Board of Directors is required to produce a statement declaring in advance that the conflicting interest transaction is similar in its terms to an arm’s length transaction. A conflicting interest transaction is deemed to involve a “material amount” if the amount involved is both greater than UF2,000 (as of May 31, 2007, approximately US$70,517) and exceeds 1% of the assets of the corporation, or if the amount exceeds UF20,000 (as of May 31, 2007, approximately US$705,167) regardless of the size of the corporation.

If the Board of Directors believes that it is not possible to ascertain whether the conflicting interest transaction is similar to an arm’s length transaction, it may approve or reject the conflicting interest transaction, or appoint independent advisors to make such a determination, in all these cases, with the exclusion of the interested directors. If the Board appoints independent advisors, the report prepared by the advisors will be made available to the shareholders and the Board of Directors for 20 business days from the date the report was received from the independent advisors. The shareholders will be notified in writing of the receipt of the report. After this period the Board may approve or reject the conflicting interest transaction, but the Board is not required to follow the independent advisors’ conclusion. The Board may treat the conflicting interest transaction and the report as confidential information. Shareholders representing at least a 5% of the voting shares of the Company may request the Board to call a shareholders’ meeting in order to approve or reject the conflicting interest transaction by a two-thirds majority of the outstanding voting shares.

All decisions adopted by the Board in respect of the conflicting interest transaction must be reported to the next following shareholders’ meeting. The controller of the corporation or the related party which intends to enter into the conflicting interest transaction shall make available to the Board of Directors, at the time the transaction is being considered by the Board, all information relating to the transaction filed with any non-Chilean regulatory entities or stock exchanges.

If a suit for damages arises from such a transaction, the defendant (i.e., one or more directors, the controller, a related party, or all of them) bears the burden of proof that the transaction was equally as or more beneficial to the corporation than an arm’s length transaction, unless the conflicting interest transaction was previously approved by the shareholders.

The amount of any director’s remuneration is established each year at the annual Shareholders’ Meeting. Directors are prohibited from borrowing or otherwise making use of corporate money or assets for their own benefit, unless previously authorized by the Board of Directors. Directors are also prohibited from borrowing or otherwise making use of corporate money or assets for the benefit of companies in which such directors are either directors or owners of a 10% interest or more, unless previously authorized by the Board of Directors. However, the shareholders’ authorization is not required. These rules can only be modified by law.

It is not necessary to hold shares of the company to be elected a director, and there is no age limit established for the retirement of directors.

Rights, Preferences and Restrictions Regarding Shares

At least thirty percent of the company’s net profits for each fiscal year is required to be distributed in cash to the shareholders, unless the shareholders unanimously decide otherwise and except in the case the Company has unabsorbed prior year losses. Any remaining profits may be used to establish a reserve fund (that may be capitalized at any time, amending the corporate bylaws by the vote of a majority of the voting stock issued) or to pay future dividends.

Compulsory minimum dividends (i.e., at least 30% of the company’s net profits for each fiscal year) become due thirty days after the date on which the shareholders’ meeting has approved the distribution of profits in the fiscal year. Any additional dividends approved by the shareholders become due on the date set by the shareholders or the Board of Directors.

Accrued dividends that corporations fail to pay or make available to their shareholders within certain periods are to be adjusted from the date on which those dividends became due and that of actual payment. Overdue dividends will accrue annual interest established for adjustable operations over the same period.

Dividends and other cash benefits unclaimed by shareholders after five years from the date on which they became due will become the property of the Chilean Fire Department.

Madeco has only one class of shares and there are therefore no preferences or limitations on the voting rights of shareholders. Each shareholder is entitled to one vote per share. In shareholders’ meetings, determinations are generally made by a simple majority of stockholders entitled to vote. However, the Chilean Corporations Law provides that certain determinations require the vote of a two-thirds majority of the voting stock issued.

The company’s directors are elected every three years and their terms are not staggered. Chilean law does not permit cumulative voting. However, shareholders may accumulate their votes in favor of just one person or distribute their votes to more than one person. In addition, by unanimous agreement of the shareholders present and entitled to vote, the vote may be omitted and the election made by acclamation.

In the event of liquidation, the Chilean Corporations Law provides that corporations may carry out distributions to shareholders on account of a reimbursement of capital only after the payment of corporate indebtedness.

There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Company, nor are there any liabilities to shareholders relating to future capital calls by the corporation.

Under Chilean law, certain provisions affect any existing or prospective holder of securities as a result of the shareholder owning a substantial number of shares. The Securities Market Law establishes that (a)any person who, directly or indirectly, (i)owns 10% or more of the subscribed capital of a corporation (the “majority shareholders”) whose shares are registered in the Securities Registry of the SVS, or (ii)owns any such percentage because of the purchase of shares; and (b)all liquidators, directors, the chief executive officer and the other principal officers of any corporation whose shares are registered with the Securities Registry of the SVS, regardless of the number of shares they own, must report any purchase or sale of shares made by such persons or entities within two business days of such transactions to the SVS and to each of the stock exchanges in Chile where such corporation has securities registered. In addition, majority shareholders must inform the SVS and the stock exchanges with respect to whether the purchase is aimed at acquiring control of the corporation or just as a financial investment.

The Securities Market Law also provides that when one or more persons intend to takeover a corporation subject to oversight by the SVS, they must give prior public notice. This notice must include the price to be offered per share and the conditions of the proposed transaction, including the expected manner of acquiring the shares.

Finally, Chapter XXV of the Securities Market Law consider that controlling shareholders share with minority shareholders the benefits of a change of control, by requiring that certain share acquisitions be made pursuant to a tender offer. The Chilean Corporations Law provides shareholders with preemptive rights. The Act requires that options to purchase representing stock capital increases in corporations and debentures duly convertible into stock of the issuing corporation, or any other securities extending future rights over such stock, must be offered preferably, at least once, to existing shareholders, proportionally to the number of shares owned by them. A corporation must distribute any bonus stock in the same manner.

The Chilean Corporations Law also provides shareholders with a right to withdraw from a corporation in certain situations. Unless there is an ongoing bankruptcy proceeding, if a Shareholders’ Meeting approves any of the following matters, dissenting shareholders will be automatically entitled to withdraw from the corporation upon payment by the corporation of the market value of their shares:

  • conversion of the corporation into a different type of legal entity;
  • merger of the corporation;
  • disposition of 50% or more of the assets of the corporation, whether or not including the disposition of liabilities;
  • guarantee of a third party’s liabilities with collateral exceeding 50% of the corporation’s assets;
  • establishment of preferences in connection with a series of shares, or any other modification of existing preferences, in which case only dissenting shareholders in the affected series will have the right to withdraw; and
  • curing certain errors or defects, affecting the corporate charter or amending the bylaws in respect of one or more of the matters listed above.

In addition, shareholders may withdraw if a person becomes the owner of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the corporation as a consequence of a share acquisition and such person does not make a tender offer for the remaining shares within 30 days.

The Company’s bylaws do not provide for additional circumstances under which shareholders may withdraw.

Action Necessary to Change the Rights of Holders of Stock

Rights of stockholders are established by law and pursuant to the bylaws of a corporation. Any change to the rights of stockholders must be adopted by an absolute majority of stockholders or, in some cases, by a two-thirds majority vote, as discussed above. However, the amendment of certain rights requires a unanimous vote of the shareholders, including the right of shareholders to receive at least 30% of the net profits for each fiscal year. Notwithstanding the preceding, no decision of the shareholders’ meeting can deprive a shareholder from property over the stock.

The Company’s bylaws do not contemplate additional conditions in connection with matters described in this subsection.

Shareholders’ Meetings

Annual shareholders’ meetings are to be held during the months of February, March or April of each year. During the meetings, determinations are made relating to particular matters, matters that may or may not be specifically indicated in the notice of such meeting.

The quorum for a shareholders’ meeting is established by the presence, in person or by proxy, of shareholders representing at least an absolute majority of the issued voting stock of Madeco; if a quorum is not present at the first meeting, the meeting can be reconvened and upon the meeting being reconvened, shareholders present at the reconvened meeting are deemed to constitute a quorum regardless of the percentage of the voting stock represented. In that case, decisions will be made by the absolute majority of stock with voting rights present or otherwise represented. The following matters are specifically reserved for annual meetings:

  1. review of the state of the corporation and of the reports of internal and independent auditors, and the approval or rejection of the annual report, balance sheet, financial statements and records submitted by the officers or liquidators of the corporation;
  2. distribution of profits, including the distribution of dividends;
  3. election or revocation of regular and alternate Board members, liquidators and management supervisors; and
  4. determination of the remuneration of the Board members, designation of a newspaper to publish the notice of meetings and, in general, any other matter to be dealt with by the annual meeting being of corporate interest and not specifically reserved to extraordinary shareholders’ meetings.
Extraordinary shareholders’ meetings may be held at any time, when required by corporate necessity. During extraordinary meetings, determinations are made relating to any matter which the law or the company’s bylaws reserve for consideration by such extraordinary meetings, which matters shall be expressly set forth in the relevant notice. Whenever in an extraordinary shareholders’ meeting determinations must be made relating to matters specifically reserved to annual meetings, the operation and decisions of such extraordinary meeting will follow the requirements applicable to annual meetings. The following matters are specifically reserved for extraordinary meetings:

  1. dissolution of the corporation;
  2. transformation, merger or spin off of the corporation and amendments to its bylaws;
  3. issuance of bonds or debentures convertible into stock;
  4. transfer of corporate fixed assets and liabilities; and
  5. guarantees of third parties’ obligations, except when these third parties are affiliated companies (in which case approval of the Board of Directors is sufficient).
In addition to the above, annual and extraordinary shareholders’ meetings must be called by the Board of Directors in the following circumstances:

  1. when requested by shareholders representing at least 10% of issued stock; and
  2. when required by the SVS.
Only holders of stock registered in the Record of Shareholders at least five days before the date of the pertinent meeting may participate with the right to be heard and vote in shareholders’ meetings. Directors and officers other than shareholders may participate in shareholders’ meetings with the right to be heard. Other individuals, regardless of whether or not those persons are shareholders themselves may represent shareholders at meetings. Representation must be conferred before the meeting, in writing, and for the total number of shares held by the shareholder.

Limitations on the Right to Own Securities

The right to own any kind of property is guaranteed by the Chilean Constitution, and the Chilean Corporations Law does not contain any general limitation regarding the right to own securities. There are, however, certain limitations on the right of foreigners to own securities of Chilean corporations, but only for certain special types of companies. Madeco is not affected by these limitations, and Madeco’s bylaws do not contain limitations or restrictions in this regard.

Takeover Defenses

Madeco’s bylaws do not contain any provisions that would have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Madeco and that would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving Madeco (or any of its subsidiaries).

Ownership Threshold

Madeco’s bylaws do not contain any ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed. For a description of the ownership thresholds mandated by Chilean law, see “Item 10. Additional Information — Rights, Preferences and Restrictions Regarding Shares”.

Changes in Capital

Madeco’s bylaws do not impose any conditions that are more stringent than those required by law for effecting changes in the capital of the Company.

Material Contracts

The Company entered into amended and restated agreements with 14 of its bank creditors, including 12 local and two international banks, on December 18, 2002, rescheduling such bank indebtedness in a total amount of approximately US$120 million. The debt restructuring was contingent upon the successful completion of the Company’s capital increase and the payment of 30% of the Company’s outstanding debt to those banks, among other requirements.

The first of these agreements is an amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of December 18, 2002, among Madeco S.A. as Borrower, and Bank Of America, N.A. together with Bankboston N.A., Nassau Branch as Lenders.

The second of these agreements is an amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of December 18, 2002, among Madeco S.A. as Borrower, and the Bank Lenders (Citibank, N.A., Agencia en Chile, Scotiabank Sud Americano, Banco de Chile, Dresdner Bank Lateinamerika, Banco del Estado de Chile, Banco de Credito e Inversiones, Corpbanca, Banco Bice, Banco Santander-Chile, Bankboston, N.A., Sucursal en Chile, Banco Security and Banco del Desarrollo).

In December 2004, the Company entered into a 7-year local Series D bond contract for a total amount of UF1.8 million, with a fixed 5.0% annual interest rate.

In September 2005, Madeco prepaid all the Credit Rescheduling Agreements subscribed by the Company with its creditor banks on December 18, 2002, freeing it from the restrictions pertaining to the agreements mentioned above.

On June 5, 2006 the Company refinanced a total of US$50 million of its financial debt by means of a 5-year term club deal loan. Approximately US$12 million of this financing was used to prepay liabilities of the Company with Quiñenco, another US$13 million was used to repay a short-term bridge loan that Banco BBVA had granted pending a capital increase, and the remaining US$25 million was utilized for financing working capital requirements.

Since this date, there have been no substantial contracts among the Company and other institutions, companies, banks or financial institutions.

Exchange Controls

The Central Bank is responsible for, among other things, monetary policies and exchange controls in Chile. See “Item 3. Key Information - Exchange Rates”. Foreign investments can be registered with the Foreign Investment Committee under Decree Law No. 600 - registration which grants the investor access to the Formal Exchange Market - or with the Central Bank under Chapter XIV of the Central Bank Foreign Exchange Regulations.

Effective April 19, 2001, the Central Bank abrogated the then existing Chapter XXVI of the Central Bank Foreign Exchange Regulations (“Chapter XXVI”), which addressed issuances of ADSs by a Chilean company, and issued an entirely new set of Foreign Exchange Regulations (the “2001 Foreign Exchange Regulations”), virtually eliminating all the restrictions and limitations that had been in force up to that date. The 2001 Foreign Exchange Regulations were based upon the general principle that foreign exchange transactions can be done freely in Chile by any person, notwithstanding the power conferred by law to the Central Bank of imposing certain restrictions and limitations on such transactions.

With the issuance of the 2001 Foreign Exchange Regulations, the approval by the Central Bank required for access to the Formal Exchange Market was replaced with the requirement of disclosure of the relevant transactions to the Central Bank. However, some foreign exchange transactions, notably foreign loans, capital investment or deposits, continued to be subject to the requirement of being effected through the Formal Exchange Market.

The 2001 Foreign Exchange Regulations, among other things, eliminated the following restrictions:

1) prior authorization by the Central Bank for the entry of capital in connection with foreign loans, investment, capital contribution, bonds and ADRs;
2) prior authorization by the Central Bank for the remittance of capital in connection with repatriation of capital, dividends and other benefits related to capital contributions and investment, and prepayment of foreign loans;
3) minimum risk classification restrictions and terms for the issuance of bonds;
4) restrictions to the issuance of ADSs. Therefore, the rules established under Chapter XXVI of the previous Foreign Exchange Regulations were abrogated; and
5) mandatory reserve deposits for foreign capital.

The abrogation of Chapter XXVI by the 2001 Foreign Exchange Regulations implied that the issuance of ADSs by a Chilean company remained subject to the rules contained in Chapter XIV of such regulations, according to which credits, deposits, investments and capital contributions coming from abroad must be effected through the Formal Exchange Market.

According to the 2001 Foreign Exchange Regulations, the foreign exchange transactions performed before April 19, 2001, remained subject to the regulations in effect at the time of the transactions, unless the interested parties elected the applicability of the 2001 Foreign Exchange Regulations, thereby expressly waiving the applicability of the regulations in force at the time of the execution of the respective transaction.

Effective March 1, 2002, the Central Bank abrogated the then existing Central Bank Foreign Exchange Regulations, i.e. the 2001 Foreign Exchange Regulations, and issued an entirely new set of Foreign Exchange Regulations (the “New Regulations”), thereby continuing the liberalization of the foreign exchange regulations. As the 2001 Foreign Exchange Regulations, the New Regulations are also based upon the general principle that foreign exchange transactions can be done freely in Chile by any person, notwithstanding the power conferred by law to the Central Bank of imposing certain restrictions and limitations on such transactions.

The New Regulations also require the disclosure of the relevant transaction to the Central Bank and that some foreign exchange transactions, notably foreign loans, capital investments or deposits, be effected through the Formal Exchange Market.

The issuance of ADSs by a Chilean company remains subject to the rules contained in Chapter XIV. These rules were partly amended in the New Regulations, which allow the use of proceeds from a foreign credit, deposit, investment or capital contribution directly abroad, i.e., without delivering the currency into Chile. The direct use abroad of the proceeds of a foreign credit, deposit, investment or capital contribution remain subject to the obligation of informing the Central Bank of the transaction.

The New Regulations have also simplified the forms required to provide the information to the Central Bank, so as to reduce the time needed to effect foreign exchange transactions by foreign investors in Chile.

The New Regulations contain a transitory norm establishing that foreign exchange transactions performed before April 19, 2001, remain subject to the regulations in effect at the time of the transactions, unless the interested parties elect the applicability of the New Regulation, thereby expressly waiving the applicability of the regulations in force at the time of the execution of the relevant transaction.

A Foreign Investment Contract was entered into among the Central Bank, Madeco and the Depositary pursuant to Article 47 of the Central Bank Act and Chapter XXVI. According to Chilean law, a contract is ruled by the law in effect at the time of the execution of the contract. Therefore, the Foreign Investment Contract entered into among the Central Bank of Chile, Madeco and the Depositary is ruled by the foreign exchange regulations in force before April 19, 2001, among which is Chapter XXVI.

Absent of the Foreign Investment Contract, under Chilean exchange controls in force until April 19, 2001, investors would not have been granted access to the Formal Exchange Market for the purpose of converting Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars and repatriating from Chile amounts received in respect of deposited shares or shares withdrawn from deposit on surrender of ADRs (including amounts received as cash dividends and proceeds from the sale in Chile of the underlying shares and any rights with respect thereto). In December 1999, amendments were introduced in Chapter XXVI whereby, among other things, the Central Bank was authorized to reject applications under such regulations without expression of cause. In resolving such applications, the Central Bank was required to take into account the situation of the balance of payments and the stability of the capital accounts. However, the Central Bank was authorized to require certain conditions of the applicants prior to resolving on the applications. In April 2000, Chapter XXVI was again amended in order to incorporate, in addition to shares issued by Chilean corporations, quotes of investment funds as eligible to be converted into ADSs. Chapter XXVI did not require delivery of a new application in case of the entry of U.S. dollars intended for the acquisition of shares not subscribed by the shareholders or by the transferees of the options to subscribe the shares.

Under Chapter XXVI and the Foreign Investment Contract, the Central Bank agreed to grant to the Depositary, on behalf of ADR holders, and to any non-Chilean resident investor who withdrew Shares upon surrender of ADRs (such Shares being referred to herein as “Withdrawn Shares”) access to the Formal Exchange Market to convert Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars (and to remit such dollars outside of Chile) in respect of Shares represented by ADSs or Withdrawn Shares, including amounts received as (a) cash dividends, (b) proceeds from the sale in Chile of Withdrawn Shares (subject to receipt by the Central Bank of a certificate from the holder of the Withdrawn Shares (or from an institution authorized by the Central Bank) that such holder’s residence and domicile were outside Chile and a certificate from a Chilean stock exchange (or from a brokerage or securities firm established in Chile) that such Withdrawn Shares had been sold on a Chilean exchange), (c) proceeds from the sale in Chile of pre-emptive rights to subscribe for and purchase additional Shares, (d) proceeds from the liquidation, merger or consolidation of the company and (e) other distributions, including, without limitation, those resulting from any recapitalization, as a result of holding Shares represented by ADSs or Withdrawn Shares. Access to the Formal Exchange Market in the case of (a), (b), (c) and (d) above would be available for only five working days following the sale of the shares on the stock exchange. Transferees of Withdrawn Shares would not be entitled to any of the foregoing rights under Chapter XXVI unless the Withdrawn Shares were redeposited with the Custodian. Investors receiving Withdrawn Shares in exchange for ADRs would have the right to redeposit such Shares in exchange for ADRs, provided that certain conditions to redeposit were satisfied. For a description of the Formal Exchange Market, see “3A Exchange Rates”. Alternatively, according to the amendments introduced to Chapter XXVI in December 1999, in case of Withdrawn Shares and their subsequent sale in a stock exchange, the Chilean peso proceeds obtained thereby could be converted into U.S. dollars in a market different from the Formal Exchange Market within five business days from the date of the sale.

Chapter XXVI provided that access to the Formal Exchange Market in connection with the sale of Withdrawn Shares or distributions thereon would be conditioned upon receipt by the Central Bank of a certification by the Depositary or the Custodian, as the case might have been, that such Shares had been withdrawn in exchange for delivery of the pertinent ADRs and receipt of a waiver of the benefits of the Foreign Investment Contract with respect thereto (except in connection with the proposed sale of the Shares) until such Withdrawn Shares were redeposited. Chapter XXVI also provided that access to the Formal Exchange Market in connection with dividend payments was conditioned on certification by Madeco to the Central Bank that a dividend payment had been made. The provision contained in Chapter XXVI that established that access to the Formal Exchange Market in connection with dividend payments was conditioned on certification by Madeco to the Central Bank that any applicable tax had been withheld was eliminated on November 23, 2000.

Chapter XXVI and the Foreign Investment Contract provided that a person who brought foreign currency into Chile, including U.S. dollars, to purchase Shares entitled to the benefit of the Foreign Investment Contract was required to convert such foreign currency into Chilean pesos on the same date and had five banking business days within which to invest in Shares in order to receive the benefit of the Foreign Investment Contract. If such person decided within such period not to acquire Shares, such person could access the Formal Exchange Market to reacquire foreign currency, provided that the applicable request was presented to the Central Bank within seven banking days of the initial conversion into pesos. Shares acquired as described above could be deposited in exchange for ADRs and receive the benefit of the Foreign Investment Contract, subject to receipt by the Central Bank of a certificate from the Depositary that such deposit had been effected and that the related ADRs had been issued and receipt by the Custodian of a declaration from the person making such deposit waiving the benefit of the Foreign Investment Contract with respect to the deposited Shares.

Chapter XXVI required foreign investors acquiring shares or securities in Chile to maintain a mandatory reserve (the “Mandatory Reserve”) for one year in the form of a non-interest bearing U.S. dollar deposit with the Central Bank, or to pay to the Central Bank a non-refundable fee (the “Fee”). Such reserve requirement was imposed with respect to investments made by foreign investors to acquire shares or securities in the secondary market, but did not apply to capital contributions made for purposes of paying-in capital for a newly created company or increasing the capital of an existing company. As of June 1, 1999, the Mandatory Reserve was not applied to foreign investments made for purposes of acquiring shares of a stock corporation, provided that the investor was entitled to the benefit of Chapter XXVI, and that such acquisition was consummated in accordance with the provisions of Chapter XXVI. On September 17, 1998, the Central Bank reduced the Mandatory Reserve to 0%.

Access to the Formal Exchange Market under any of the circumstances described above was not automatic. Pursuant to Chapter XXVI, such access required approval of the Central Bank of Chile based on a request presented through a banking institution established in Chile within five business days from the occurrence of any of the events described in letters (a), (b), (c) and (d) above. Pursuant to the Foreign Investment Contract, if the Central Bank had not acted on such request within seven banking days, the request would be deemed approved.

Under current Chilean law, the Foreign Investment Contract cannot be changed unilaterally by the Central Bank. No assurance can be given, however, that new restrictions applicable to the holders of ADRs, the disposition of underlying Shares or the repatriation of the proceeds from such disposition will not be reinstated in the future by the Central Bank, nor can there be any assessment of the possible duration or impact of such restrictions.

On January 1, 2004, a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Chile and the U.S. became effective. This state-of-the-art agreement, eliminates bilateral tariffs, lowers trade barriers, promotes economic integration and expands opportunities for both countries. As a result of this agreement, both countries are negotiating a bilateral tax treaty.

 

Taxation

Chilean Tax Considerations

The following discussion relates to Chilean income tax laws presently in force, including Ruling No. 324 of January 29, 1990 of the Chilean Internal Revenue Service and other applicable regulations and rulings in effect on the date of this Annual Report, all of which are subject to change. The discussion summarizes the principal Chilean income tax consequences of an investment in the ADSs or Shares by a person who is neither domiciled in nor a resident of Chile or by a legal entity that is not organized under the laws of Chile and does not have a permanent establishment located in Chile (any such individual or entity, a “Foreign Holder”). For purposes of Chilean tax law, an individual holder is a resident of Chile if he has resided in Chile for more than six consecutive months in one calendar year or for a total of six months, whether consecutive or not, in two consecutive tax years. The discussion is not intended as tax advice to any particular investor, which can be rendered only in light of that investor’s particular tax situation.

Under Chilean law, provisions contained in statutes such as tax rates applicable to foreign investors, the computation of taxable income for Chilean purposes and the manner in which Chilean taxes are imposed and collected may only be amended by another statute. In addition, the Chilean tax authorities enact rulings and regulations of either general or specific application and interpret the provisions of Chilean tax law. Chilean tax may not be assessed retroactively against taxpayers who act in good faith relying on such rulings, regulations and interpretations, but Chilean tax authorities may change these rulings, regulations and interpretations prospectively. Currently Chile and U.S. are negotiating a bilateral tax treaty.

Cash Dividends and Other Distributions

Cash dividends paid by Madeco with respect to the ADSs or Shares held by a Foreign Holder will be subject to a 35% Chilean withholding tax, which is withheld and paid over to the Chilean tax authorities by Madeco (the “Withholding Tax”). A credit against the Withholding Tax is available based on the level of corporate income tax actually paid by Madeco on the income to be distributed (the “First-Category Tax”); however, this credit does not reduce the Withholding Tax on a one-for-one basis because it also increases the base on which the Withholding Tax is imposed. In addition, if Madeco distributes less than all of its distributable income, the credit for First-Category Tax paid by Madeco is proportionately reduced. Presently, the First-Category Tax rate is 17%. The example below illustrates the effective Chilean Withholding Tax burden on a cash dividend received by a foreign holder, assuming a Withholding Tax rate of 35%, an effective First-Category Tax rate of 17% and a distribution of 30% of the consolidated net income of Madeco distributable after payment of the First-Category Tax:

 

Madeco taxable income 100
First-Category Tax (17% of Ch$100) (17)
Net distributable income 83
Dividend distributed (30% of net distributable income) 24.9
Withholding Tax (35% of the sum of Ch$24.9 dividend plus Ch$5.1 First-Category Tax paid) (10.5)
Credit for 30% of First-Category Tax 5.1
Net additional tax withheld (5.4)
Net dividend received 19.5
Effective dividend withholding rate 21.69%

 

In general, the effective dividend Withholding Tax rate, after giving effect to the credit for the First-Category Tax, can be calculated using the following formula:
 

Effective Dividend Withholding Tax Rate =           (Withholding Tax Rate) - (First Category Tax Rate)
                                                                        1 – (First Category Tax Rate)


Under Chilean income tax law, dividends generally are assumed to have been paid out of the company’s oldest retained profits for purposes of determining the level of First-Category Tax that was paid by the company. For information as to the retained earnings of the Company for tax purposes and the tax credit available on the distribution of such retained earnings, see Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The effective rate of Withholding Tax to be imposed on dividends paid by Madeco will vary depending upon the amount of First Category Tax paid by the Company on the earnings to which the dividends are attributed. The effective rate for dividends attributed to earnings from 1991 until 2001, for which the First Category Tax was 15%, generally was 23.5%. For 2002, the First Category Tax rate was 16%, which resulted in an effective rate of Withholding Tax of 22.6%, and for 2003, the First Category Tax rate was 16.5%, resulting in an effective rate of withholding tax of 22.16% for the year. From 2004 onwards, the First Category Tax rate will be 17%, which will result in an effective rate of withholding tax of 21.69%.

For dividends attributable to the Company’s profits during years when the First Category Tax was 10% (before 1991), the effective dividend Withholding Tax rate will be 27.8%. However, whether the First Category Tax is 10%, 15%, 16%, 16.5% or 17%, the effective overall combined tax rate imposed on the Company’s distributed profits will be 35%.

Dividend distributions made in property would be subject to the same Chilean tax rules as cash dividends based on the fair market value of such property. Stock dividends and the distribution of preemptive rights are not subject to Chilean taxation.

Capital Gains

Under current tax law, the gain from the sale or other disposition by a Foreign Holder of ADSs (or ADRs evidencing ADSs) outside Chile will not be subject to Chilean taxation. The deposit and withdrawal of Shares in exchange for ADRs will not be subject to any Chilean taxes.

Gain recognized on a sale or exchange of shares (as distinguished from sales or exchanges of ADRs evidencing ADSs representing such Shares) may be subject to both the First-Category Tax and the Withholding Tax (the former being creditable against the latter) if either, (i) the Foreign Holder has held the Shares for less than one year since exchanging ADSs for the Shares, (ii) the Foreign Holder acquired and disposed of the Shares in the ordinary course of its business or as a habitual trader of shares, or (iii) the Foreign Holder and the purchaser of the Shares are “related parties” within the meaning of Article 17, Number 8, of Decree Law Nº 824 of 1974, the Chilean Income Tax Law. In all other cases, gain on the disposition of Shares will be subject only to a capital gains tax which is assessed at the same rate as the First Category Tax (currently imposed at a rate of 17%).

Gain recognized in the transfer of shares that have a high presence in the stock exchange, however, is not subject to capital gains tax in Chile, provided that the Shares are transferred in a local stock exchange, in other authorized stock exchanges (up to this date, the New York Stock Exchange, the London Stock Exchange and the Madrid Stock Exchange have been authorized for these purposes), or within the process of a public tender of shares governed by the Chilean Securities Market Act. The shares must also have been acquired either in a stock exchange, within the referred process of a public tender of shares governed by the Chilean Securities Market Act, in an initial public offer of shares resulting from the formation of a corporation or a capital increase of the same, or in an exchange of convertible bonds. Shares are considered to have a high presence in the stock exchange when they (i) are registered in the Securities Registry, (ii) are registered in a Chilean Stock exchange, and (iii) have an adjusted presence equal to or above 25%. To calculate the adjusted presence of a particular Share, the aforementioned regulation states that, the number of days in which the operations regarding the stock exceeded, in Chilean pesos, the equivalent of UF200 (as of May 31, 2007, approximately US$7,052) within the previous 180 business days of the stock market, must be divided by 180, multiplied by 100, and expressed in a percentage value. The referred tax regime does not apply in case the transaction involves an amount of Shares that would allow the acquirer to take control of the publicly traded corporation, in which case the ordinary tax regime referred in the previous paragraph will apply, unless the sale complies with one of the following conditions: (i) the transfer is part of a tender offer governed by the Chilean Securities Market Act; or (ii) the transfer is done in a Chilean stock exchange, without substantially exceeding the market price.

Capital gains obtained in the sale of shares that are publicly traded and have a high presence in a stock exchange are also exempt from capital gains tax in Chile when the sale is made by “foreign institutional investors”, such as mutual funds and pension funds, provided that the sale is made in a stock exchange or in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Market Law, or in any other form authorized by the Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros ( the SVS is equivalent to the Securities and Exchange Commission in the U.S.). To qualify as a foreign institutional investor, the referred entities must be formed outside of Chile, not have a domicile in Chile, and they must be at least one of the following:

a) An investment fund that offers its shares or quotas publicly in a country with an investment grade for its public debt, according to a classification performed by an international risk classification entity registered with the SVS;

b) An investment fund registered with a regulatory agency or authority from a country with an investment grade for its public debt, according to a classification performed by an international risk classification entity registered with the SVS, provided that its investments in Chile constitute less than 30% of the share value of the fund, including deeds issued abroad representing Chilean securities, such as ADRs of Chilean companies;

c) An investment fund whose investments in Chile represent less than 30% of the share value of the fund, including deeds issued abroad representing Chilean securities, such as ADRs of Chilean companies, provided that not more than 10% of the share value of the fund is directly or indirectly owned by Chilean residents;

d) A pension fund, i.e., those formed exclusively by natural persons that receive pensions out of an accumulated capital in the fund;

e) A Foreign Capital Investment Fund, as defined in Law No18.657; or

f) Any other foreign institutional investor that complies with the requirements set forth through general regulations for each category of investor, prior information from the SVS and the Chilean tax authority or Servicio de Impuestos Internos (“SII”).

The foreign institutional investor must not directly or indirectly participate in the control of the corporations issuing the shares it invests in nor possess or participate in 10% or more of the capital or the profits of the same corporations.

Other requirements for the exemption to apply are that the referred foreign institutional investors must execute a written contract with a bank or a stock broker, both incorporated in Chile. In this contract, the bank or stock broker undertake to perform the purchase and sale orders, as well as to verify the applicability of the tax exemption and inform the SII of the investors it operates with and the transactions it performs. Finally, the foreign institutional investor must register with the SII by means of a sworn statement issued by the entities referred above (bank or stock broker).

The tax basis of Shares received in exchange for ADRs will be the acquisition value of the Shares on the date of exchange. The valuation procedure set forth in the Deposit Agreement, which values Shares which are being exchanged at the highest price at which they trade on the Santiago Stock Exchange on the date of the exchange, will determine the acquisition value for this purpose. Consequently, the surrender of ADRs for Shares and the immediate sale of the Shares for the value established under the Deposit Agreement will not generate a capital gain subject to taxation in Chile.

The exercise of preemptive rights relating to the Shares will not be subject to Chilean taxation. Any gain on the sale of preemptive rights relating to the Shares will be subject to both the First-Category Tax and the Withholding Tax (the former being creditable against the latter).

Other Chilean Taxes

There are no Chilean inheritance, gift or succession taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of ADSs by a Foreign Holder, but such taxes generally will apply to the transfer at death or by gift of the Shares by a Foreign Holder. There are no Chilean stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties payable by Foreign Holders of ADSs or Shares.

Withholding Tax Certificates

Upon request, Madeco will provide to Foreign Holders appropriate documentation evidencing the payment of the Chilean Withholding Tax (net of applicable First Category Tax).

United States Tax Considerations

The following is a summary of certain United States federal income tax consequences of the ownership of Shares or ADSs by an investor that is a U.S. Holder (as defined below) that holds the Shares or ADSs as capital assets. This summary does not purport to address all material tax consequences of the ownership of Shares or ADSs, and does not take into account the specific circumstances of any particular investors (such as tax-exempt entities, certain insurance companies, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect to mark-to-market, investors liable for alternative minimum tax, investors that actually or constructively own 10% or more of the voting stock of the company, investors that hold Shares or ADSs as part of a straddle or a hedging or conversion transaction or U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar), some of which may be subject to special rules. This summary is based on the tax laws of the United States (including the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations thereunder, published rulings and court decisions) as in effect on the date hereof, all of which are subject to change (or changes in interpretation), possibly with retroactive effect.

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is any beneficial owner of Shares or ADSs that is (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation or partnership organized under the laws of the United States or any State, (iii) an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source or (iv) a trust if a United States court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust. The discussion does not address any aspects of United States taxation other than federal income taxation. Investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the United States federal, state and local and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of Shares and ADSs.

In general, assuming that the representations of the Depositary are true and that each obligation in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with its terms, for United States federal income tax purposes, holders of ADSs evidencing ADSs will be treated as the owners of the Shares represented by those ADSs, and exchanges of Shares for ADSs, and ADSs for Shares, will not be subject to United States federal income tax.

Cash Dividends and Other Distributions

Under the United States federal income tax laws, and subject to the passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules discussed below, U.S. Holders will include in gross income the gross amount of any dividend paid (after reduction for any Chilean First-Category Tax that is credited against Chilean Withholding Tax, but before reduction for the net amount of Chilean Withholding Tax) by the company out of its current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes) as ordinary income when the dividend is actually or constructively received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Shares, or by the Depositary, in the case of ADSs. The dividend will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Dividends paid to a U.S. Holder that is a corporation are not eligible for the dividends received deduction available to corporations. Current law provides for a reduced tax rate (currently 15%) on the dividend income of an individual U.S. Holder with respect to dividends paid by a domestic corporation or "qualified foreign corporation". A qualified foreign corporation generally includes a foreign corporation if (i) its shares (or ADSs) are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States or (ii) it is eligible for benefits under a comprehensive United States income tax treaty. The ADSs are traded on the New York Stock Exchange. As a result, the company may be treated as a qualified foreign corporation. However, if the company is treated as a PFIC, as discussed below, it will not be a qualified foreign corporation. If the company is a qualified foreign corporation, dividends paid to an individual U.S. Holder with respect to Shares or ADSs should, subject to generally applicable limitations, be taxed at a maximum rate of 15%. The maximum 15% tax rate is effective with respect to dividends included in income during the period beginning on or after January 1, 2003, and ending December 31, 2008. Each U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the treatment of dividends. The amount of the dividend distribution includible in income of a U.S. Holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the Chilean peso payments made, determined at the spot Chilean peso/U.S. dollar rate on the date such dividend distribution is includible in the income of the U.S. Holder, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend payment is includible in income to the date such payment is converted into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss. Such gain or loss will generally be from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.

Subject to certain generally applicable limitations, the net amount of Chilean Withholding Tax (after reduction for the credit for Chilean First-Category Tax) paid over to Chile will be creditable against the U.S. Holder’s United States federal income tax liability. For foreign tax credit limitation purposes, the dividend will be income from sources without the United States. In the case of U.S. individuals, if the reduced rate of tax on dividends applies to such holder, such limitations and restrictions will appropriately take into account the rate differential under rules similar to section 904(b)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex and U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their application to the particular circumstances of such holder.

Pro rata distributions of Shares or preemptive rights generally are not subject to United States federal income tax. The basis of the new Shares or preemptive rights (if such rights are exercised or sold) generally will be determined by allocating the U.S. Holder’s adjusted basis in the old shares between the old Shares and the new Shares or preemptive rights received, based on their relative fair market values on the date of distribution (except that the basis of the preemptive rights will be zero if the fair market value of the rights is less than 15% of the fair market value of the old Shares at the time of distribution, unless the U.S. Holder irrevocably elects to allocate basis between the old Shares and the preemptive rights). The holding period of a U.S. Holder for the new Shares or preemptive rights will include the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the old Shares with respect to which the new Shares or preemptive rights were issued.

Capital Gains

U.S. Holders will not recognize gain or loss on deposits or withdrawals of Shares in exchange for ADSs or on the exercise of preemptive rights. U.S. Holders will recognize capital gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Shares (or preemptive rights with respect to such Shares) held by the U.S. Holder or by the Depositary equal to the difference between the amount realized and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the ADSs or Shares. Any gain recognized by a U.S. Holder generally will be treated as United States source income. Consequently, in the case of a disposition of Shares or preemptive rights (which, unlike a disposition of ADSs, will be taxable in Chile), the U.S. Holder may not be able to claim the foreign tax credit for Chilean tax imposed on the gain unless it appropriately can apply the credit against tax due on other income from foreign sources. Loss generally would be treated as United States source loss.

The long-term capital gain tax rate for an individual U.S. Holder is currently 15%. For sales occurring before May 6, 2003, or after December 31, 2008, under current law the long-term capital gain rate for an individual U.S. Holder is 20%.

PFIC Rules

Madeco believes that it should not be treated as a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”) for United States federal income tax purposes, although this conclusion is subject to some uncertainty. This conclusion is a factual determination made annually and thus may be subject to change.

In general, the Company will be a PFIC with respect to a U.S. Holder if, for any taxable year in which the U.S. Holder held the Company’s ADSs or Shares, either (i) at least 75% of the gross income of the Company for the taxable year is passive income or (ii) at least 50% of the value (determined on the basis of a quarterly average) of the Company’s assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than certain rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business), annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. If a foreign corporation owns at least 25% by value of the stock of another corporation, the foreign corporation is treated for purposes of the PFIC tests as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation, and as receiving directly its proportionate share of the other corporation’s income. If the Company is treated as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder would be subject to special rules with respect to (a) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of Shares or ADSs and (b) any “excess distribution” by the Company to the U.S. Holder (generally, any distributions to the U.S. Holder in respect of the Shares or ADSs during a single taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by the U.S. Holder in respect of the Shares or ADSs during the three preceding taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Shares or ADSs). Under these rules, (i) the gain or excess distribution would be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Shares or ADSs, (ii) the amount allocated to the taxable year in which the gain or excess distribution was realized would be taxable as ordinary income, (iii) the amount allocated to each prior year, with certain exceptions, would be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and (iv) the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax would be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such year.

Special rules apply with respect to the calculation of the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC.

If the Company is treated as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder may be able to make a mark-to-market election if the Company’s stock is treated as regularly traded on a registered national securities exchange or other exchange to the extent permitted by the Internal Revenue Service, or “IRS”. If the election is made, the PFIC rules described above will not apply. Instead, in general, the electing U.S. Holder will be required to include as ordinary income each year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the Shares or ADSs at the end of the taxable year over the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Shares or ADSs. The electing U.S. Holder will also be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect to the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis in the Shares or ADSs over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of income previously included as a result of the mark-to-market election). An electing U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Shares or ADSs will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts.

Alternatively, a U.S. holder of shares or ADSs in a PFIC can sometimes avoid the rules described above by electing to treat the company as a “qualified electing fund” under section 1295 of the Internal Revenue Code. This option will not be available to U.S. Holders because the Company does not intend to comply with the requirements necessary to permit a U.S. Holder to make this election. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding Shares or ADSs if the Company is considered a passive foreign investment company in any taxable year.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Dividends in respect of the Shares or ADSs and proceeds from the sale, exchange, or redemption of the Shares or ADSs may be subject to information reporting to the United States Internal Revenue Service and a backup withholding tax of 28% may apply unless the holder furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number or certificate of foreign status or is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. Generally, a U.S. Holder will provide such certification on Form W-9 and a non-U.S. Holder will provide such certification on Form W-8BEN.

Documents on Display

The constituent documents of the Company, exhibits to this and previous Annual Reports and other documents referred to herein may be inspected at the Company’s main corporate office at Ureta Cox 930, San Miguel, Santiago, Chile.


 

ITEM 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

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The Company is exposed to market risk from interest rate changes, foreign currency fluctuations and changes in the market values of its investments.


Policies and Procedures

In the normal course of its business, the Company applies established policies and procedures to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates, foreign currencies and the fair market value of certain of its investments using a variety of financial instruments.

It is the Company’s policy to enter into foreign currency and interest rate transactions and other financial instruments only to the extent considered necessary to meet its objectives as stated above. The Company does not enter into these transactions for speculative purposes.

The following discussion about the Company’s risk management includes “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. See section “Forward Looking Statements”. In addition to the inherent risks related to the operations in each of its segments and countries in which it does business, the Company faces material market risk exposures in three categories: foreign currency exchange rate risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk. The following discussion provides additional information regarding the Company’s exposure to each of these risks as of December 31, 2006.


Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

Exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk relates to the Company’s positions held in cash and cash equivalents, bank debt, bonds and other assets and liabilities indexed to currencies other than Chilean pesos.

In accordance with Technical Bulletin 64 issued by the Chilean Association of Accountants (“BT64”), most investments in foreign companies as well as various liabilities associated with these foreign investments should be considered as a net U.S. dollar exposure.

With respect to the Company’s foreign investment exposure, gains and losses from exchange rate variations are registered directly to the cumulative adjustment from foreign currency translation account included in other reserves in shareholders’ equity, without impacting the Company’s income statement. Assuming a 10% increase during 2007 of the Chilean peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate with respect to 2006 year-end balances, the impact on equity would be an increase in the Company’s cumulative translation adjustment account of approximately Ch$9,191 million.

The Company’s net exposure in Chile to U.S. dollar exchange rate risk in Chilean pesos as of December 31, 2006 was Ch$33,841 million (equivalent to US$63.6 million). Assuming a 10% increase during 2007 of the Chilean peso/U.S. dollar exchange rate with respect to 2006 year-end balances, the result would be a pre-tax accounting profit of approximately Ch$3,384 million. In addition to the Company’s net exposure in foreign investments, there are other assets and liabilities subject to foreign exchange fluctuations whose results impact the income statement. In particular, the Company maintains local currency exposures in Brazil, Argentina and Peru, all of which could affect the income statement. Based on the year-end balances, a simultaneous increase of 10% in the exchange rate in Argentina, Brazil and Peru of their respective local currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar during 2007 would result in a net loss of Ch$3,953 million.


Interest Rate Risk

Exposure to interest rate risk reflects the Company’s exposure to floating interest debt as well as debt renewals or rollovers which could be reset at higher than existing interest rates. As of December 31, 2006, approximately 38.4% of the Company’s total debt was represented by floating rate debt. The Company’s net exposure to interest rate risk as of December 31, 2006 was Ch$40,075 million. Assuming a 100 basis point, or “b.p.”, increase during 2007 in the weighted average interest rate with respect to 2006 year-end balances, the result would be an increase in net annual interest expenses of approximately Ch$313 million.

The Company has contracted debt in different currencies to take in account the possibility that a 100 b.p. increase in interest rates is more likely in certain countries than in others. In addition, a significant amount of debt is indexed to Chilean inflation (UF indexed debt), and as such, an increase in Chilean inflation will affect the total interest the Company pays on such debt.


Commodity Price Risk

The Company uses significant amounts of copper and aluminum to manufacture its products. Exposure to commodity price risk relates primarily to the Company’s metal inventories of copper and aluminum. The Company fixes product prices taking into consideration the market value of the principal raw materials it purchases in such a way that prices should normally follow trends in raw material costs (with a short time lag), thereby reducing commodity price risks. Depending on the competitive price environment and general economic conditions, the Company from time to time is unable to pass along raw material cost increases to its customers.

To hedge part of its risk of exposure to copper price fluctuations, the Company entered into derivatives contracts of this underlying asset. As of December 31, 2006, the Company had 3,500 tons of copper hedged and as of March 31, 2007, the Company had 2,750 tons of copper hedged by derivatives contracts.

During 2006, the Company sold on a consolidated basis 91,647 tons of copper and 26,896 tons of aluminum. As of December 31, 2006, the Company held inventories of copper and aluminum of 14,442 and 7,722 tons, respectively.

The following table presents the commodity inventories held by the Company for non-trading purposes as of December 31, 2006.

 

  As of December 31, 2006
  Carrying Amount Fair Value
Copper    
Tons 14,442  
Value (in Ch$ million) 54,139 54,139
Aluminum    
Tons 7,722  
Value (in Ch$ million) 11,485 11,485



ITEM 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

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Not applicable



 

PART II


 

ITEM 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

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Not applicable



ITEM 14. Material Modifications of the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

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Not applicable



ITEM 15. Controls and Procedures

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Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Throughout 2006, the Company carried out, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a−15(e) and 15d−15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based on their evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of December 31, 2006, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not entirely effective because of the material weaknesses identified at one of its Brazilian Subsidiaries, Ficap, as of such date discussed below. In 2006, Ficap’s revenues and net income represented 25% and 20% of the Company’s consolidated revenues and net income, respectively. Notwithstanding the existence of the material weaknesses described below, the management has concluded that the consolidated financial statements in this Form 20-F fairly present, in all material respects, the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods and dates presented.


Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a−15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

With the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company’s management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on the framework and criteria established in Internal Control − Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

A significant deficiency means a deficiency in the design or operation of internal control that adversely affects the company’s ability to initiate, authorize, record, process or report external financial data reliably in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles such that there is more than a remote likelihood that a misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements that is more than inconsequential will occur and not be detected.

A material weakness is a significant deficiency, or a combination of significant deficiencies, that results in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will occur and not be detected by management before the financial statements are published. In the assessment of the effectiveness in internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, the Company’s management determined that due to the implementation of a new SAP AG business process software system which was not completed by December 31, 2006, there were control deficiencies at Ficap Brazil that constituted material weaknesses, as described below:

  • the existence of a large number of manual journal entries in different processes, which increases the possibility that errors exist in the financial statements, and that these errors are not detected or corrected;
  • Weaknesses in the process of purchases and payments, related to the likelihood of registering a supplier document in duplicated form, or of annulling payments already given to the suppliers, which make the duplicated existence of registries and payments possible.
  • inadequate segregation of functions observed in the assignment of users of different business processes, which increase the possibility of non-authorized transactions.

Although these deficiencies were found to be material weaknesses due to the potential for misstatements as a result of the internal control deficiencies and the lack of other mitigating controls, they did not affect the Company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006.


Remediation Plan for Material Weaknesses in the Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company is in the process of developing and implementing a remediation plan to address the material weaknesses described above and therefore improve its internal controls over financial reporting:

  • The company is in the process to complete the implementation of its new SAP AG business process software system to reduce manual processes and improve oversight. The Company’s management expects to conclude this process by the end of the first semester of 2007;
  • The Company’s internal audit prepared a report outlining the deficiencies of internal control identified in Ficap and included a description of the deficiency, the process affected, the proposed plan of remediation, the person responsible for the process, status of implementation and preliminary evaluation of the impact of the deficiency. From this report, the audit committee approved the deployment of a remediation strategy that contemplated, among other things, the dismissal of the Heads of Accounting and Treasury; reassignment of personnel to reinforce key functions; extensive revision of critical process documents carried out by the internal audit team with the aim to support the definition for the remediation plans of identified weakness and; implementation of programmed controls and access controls on the SAP system.
  • As part of the certification process, the head of internal corporate audits communicated and began a program of communication and monitoring of the milestones reached by each subsidiary included in the scope of the consolidated review of the Madeco’s internal controls.
  • Entity level controls in the corporate scope have been reinforced, which considers among other things, increased visits in the Ficap branch by the CFO and Internal Audit; control of planning fulfillment of activities in the remediation plan; definition of corporate methodology for documents evaluation SOA 404, which is communicated to all the branches.

In light of these material weaknesses, management conducted a thorough review of all significant or non−routine transactions for the year ended December 31, 2006. As a result of this review, management believes that there are no material inaccuracies or omissions of material fact and, to the best of its knowledge, believes that the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006 fairly present in all material respects our financial condition and results of operations in conformity with Chilean and United States generally accepted accounting principles.

The company’s management anticipates that the actions described above and resulting improvements in its controls will strengthen its internal control over financial reporting and will address the material weaknesses identified as of December 31, 2006.


Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During 2006, there were two changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, both at its subsidiary Ficap, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting:

  • Standardization of the different transactions associated with the operation of Fondo de Inversion en Derechos de Créditos (Investment Fund in Credit Rights, “FIDC”) to avoid the possibility of registering duplicate entries and to implement a control mechanism by which to review documents delivered to FIDC;
  • Implementation of a process to prepare bank reconciliation statements, since certain reconciliations were not made or were made with large portions of data unreconciled.



ITEM 16.

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Reserved


Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert

Pursuant to NYSE Rule 303A.06, Madeco has an Audit Committee that satisfies the requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and certain additional requirements under NYSE Rule 303A. Mr. Eugenio Valck serves as Madeco’s audit committee financial expert.


Item 16B. Code Of Ethics

Madeco has adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of its employees, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer of Madeco S.A. It has filed the code of ethics as an exhibit to this annual report. Madeco’s code of ethics was not amended during 2006, and no waivers, either explicit or implicit, of provisions of the code of ethics were granted to its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or Chief Accounting Officer in 2006.


Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

In 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company hired Ernst & Young as independent auditors. The table below sets forth the total amount billed by Ernst & Young for services performed in the years 2006 and 2005, respectively:
 

  (in thousands of Ch$)
  2006 2005
Audit Fees 247,032 269,887
Audit-Related Fees 176,618 21,550
Tax Fees 27,693 9,786
All Other Fees 148 33,186
Total Fees 451,491 334,409

 

Audit Fees

Audit fees are fees billed for the audit of the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements.

Audit-Related Fees

Audit-related fees in 2005 and 2006 including consultation fees associated with Madeco’s annual report on Form 20-F.

Tax Fees

Tax fees in 2005 and 2006 were related to services for tax compliance, tax planning and tax advice.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

The Audit Committee approves all audit, audit-related services, tax services and other services provided by Ernst & Young. Any service provided by Ernst & Young that is not specifically included within the scope of the audit is pre-approved by the Audit Committee prior to any engagement. The Audit Committee is permitted to approve certain fees for audit related services, tax services and other services pursuant to a de minimus exception before the completion of the engagement. In 2006, none of the fees paid to Ernst & Young were approved pursuant to the de minimus exception.

 

Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Not applicable.

 

Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

For the year ended December 31, 2006, neither the Company nor any person acting on the Company’s behalf made any purchase of the Company’s common shares.



 

PART III

ITEM 17. Financial Statements

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Not applicable



ITEM 18. Financial Statements

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Reference is made to pages F-1 through F-96



ITEM 19. Exhibits

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Exhibit Description

1.1           Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws

4.1*         Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of December 18, 2002, among Madeco S.A. as Borrower, and Bank of America, N.A. and         Bankboston N.A., Nassau Branch as Lenders

4.2*         Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of December 18, 2002, among Madeco S.A. as Borrower, and Citibank, N.A., Agencia en Chile, Scotiabank Sud Americano, Banco de Chile, Dresdner Bank Lateinamerika, Banco del Estado de Chile, Banco de Credito e Inversiones, Corpbanca, Banco Bice, Banco Santander-Chile, Bankboston, N.A., Sucursal en Chile, Banco Security and Banco del Desarrollo, as Lenders.

8.1         List of Subsidiaries of Madeco S.A.

11.1       Code of Ethics

12.1        Section 302 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer

12.2        Section 302 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer

13.1        Section 906 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer

13.2        Section 906 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer

 

 

* Incorporated by reference to the annual report in Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002.

 

 

 







Signatures

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 





 

 

Madeco S.A.

 

/s/Tiberio Dall’Olio
Chief Executive Officer







 

Date: June 27, 2007

 

 

 

 

Madeco S.A. and Subsidiaries

Audited Consolidated Financial Statements as of
December 31, 2005 and 2006 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006
together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm



Madeco S.A. and Subsidiaries

Index to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms:
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2005 and 2006
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements



ThCh$ - Thousands of Chilean pesos
US$ - United States dollars
ThUS$ - Thousands of United States dollars
UF - “Unidad de Fomento”. The UF is a Chilean inflation-indexed, peso-denominated monetary
unit that is set daily based on changes in the Chilean Consumer Price Index.
ThBR - Thousands of Brazilian Reals

Application of Constant Chilean Pesos

The December 31, 2004 and 2005 consolidated financial statements have been restated for general price-level changes and expressed in constant Chilean pesos of December 31, 2006 purchasing power.




Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

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To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Madeco S.A.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Madeco S.A. and Subsidiaries (“the Company”) as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Madeco S.A. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2005 and 2006, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Chile, which differ in certain respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (see Note 32 to the consolidated financial statements).

 

ERNST & YOUNG LTDA.


Santiago, Chile

February 16, 2007

(Except for Notes 28 and 32 for which the date is June 15, 2007)




 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2005 and 2006

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      As of December 31,
      2005   2006   2006
ASSETS Notes   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThUS$
              (Note 2 (c))
Current assets:              
Cash     4,371,910   4,733,667   8,891
Time deposits 5   96,105   261,552   491
Marketable securities 6   153,150   306,019   575
Accounts receivable, net 7   63,447,364   94,449,027   177,406
Notes and accounts receivable from related companies 24   728,703   1,547,139   2,906
Inventories, net 8   75,853,215   97,601,073   183,326
Recoverable taxes, net 19   6,373,843   9,392,070   17,641
Prepaid expenses     410,617   483,748   909
Deferred income taxes, net 19   3,396,240   5,574,606   10,471
Other current assets 9   7,428,597   17,934,869   33,688
Total current assets     162,259,744   232,283,770   436,304
               
Property, Plant and Equipment, net 10   147,906,173   147,948,401   277,895
               
Other assets:              
Investments in related companies 11   8,230,105   8,984,605   16,876
Investments in other companies     2,722,045   3,564,375   6,695
Goodwill, net 12   18,878,351   17,466,054   32,807
Negative goodwill, net 12   (500,477)   (482,755)   (907)
Long-term notes and accounts receivable     354,595   441,838   830
Intangible assets, net     376,913   312,420   587
Other 13   11,341,324   6,263,116   11,764
Total other assets     41,402,856   36,549,653   68,652
Total assets     351,568,773   416,781,824   782,851

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

      As of December 31,
      2005   2006   2006
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Notes   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThUS$
              (Note 2 (c))
Current liabilities:              
Short-term bank loans 14   24,941,723   15,490,509   29,096
Current portion of long-term debt 14   2,566,960   16,240,836   30,506
Current portion of bonds payable 17   4,343,590   4,536,996   8,522
Long-term obligations, current portion Long term obligations, current portion     418,424   488,364   917
Dividends payable     2,596   82,882   156
Accounts and notes payable     18,407,855   24,226,422   45,505
Notes and accounts payable to related companies 24   8,619,072   446,605   839
Accrued liabilities and provisions 15   7,321,899   8,110,554   15,234
Withholdings     1,855,095   1,554,113   2,919
Unearned revenues     1,488,210   7,848,440   14,742
Other current liabilities     985,291   1,217,712   2,287
Total current liabilities     70,950,715   80,243,433   150,723
Long-term liabilities:              
Long-term debt 17   25,135,313   41,470,811   77,896
Bonds payable 17   24,716,758   20,226,108   37,991
Miscellaneous payables 18   5,648,635   5,241,111   9,844
Accrued liabilities and provisions 15   4,043,763   5,501,964   10,334
Deferred income taxes 19   354,887   490,056   921
Other long-term liabilities     604,495   585,424   1,100
Total long-term liabilities     60,503,851   73,515,474   138,086
               
Minority interest 25   10,421,165   11,467,736   21,540
Contingencies and commitments 22   -   -   -
               
Shareholders’ equity: 20            
Paid-in capital, no par value     254,609,211   264,072,357   496,013
Reserves     36,910,190   38,836,177   72,947
Accumulated deficit     (94,092,983)   (81,557,327)   (153,191)
Net income for the year     12,266,624   30,203,974   56,733
Total Shareholders’ equity     209,693,042   251,555,181   472,502
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ equity     351,568,773   416,781,824   782,851

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statement.



Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006

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      For the years ended December 31,
  Notes   2004   2005   2006   2006
      ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThUS$
                  (Note 2 (c))
Operating income:                  
Net sales     342,749,920   373,162,738   559,141,475   1,050,248
Cost of sales     (292,597,976)   (320,132,176)   (478,969,394)   (899,659)
Gross profit     50,151,944   53,030,562   80,172,081   150,589
Administrative and selling expenses     (23,521,864)   (24,605,517)   (28,406,345)   (53,356)
Operating income     26,630,080   28,425,045   51,765,736   97,233
                   
Non-operating income and expense:                  
Interest income     997,893   822,023   1,604,896   3,015
Other non-operating income 23   1,537,544   2,369,313   116,652   219
Equity participation in income of related companies 11   21,030   286,977   688,274   1,293
Interest expense     (11,636,914)   (9,556,044)   (11,410,435)   (21,432)
Equity participation in losses of related companies 11   (45,371)   -   -   -
Amortization of goodwill 12   (1,842,028)   (1,694,816)   (1,721,235)   (3,233)
Other non-operating expenses 23   (3,893,548)   (3,346,234)   (2,851,583)   (5,358)
Price-level restatement, net 3   (704,244)   (2,041,825)   (1,606,724)   (3,018)
Foreign exchange (loss) gain, net 4   438,909   (767,869)   334,636   629
Non-operating loss     (15,126,729)   (13,928,475)   (14,845,519)   (27,885)
                   
Income before income taxes, minority interest and amortization of negative goodwill     11,503,350   14,496,570   36,920,217   69,348
Income taxes 19   (1,631,321)   (1,497,582)   (5,204,542)   (9,776)
Income before minority interest and amortization of negative goodwill     9,872,030   12,998,988   31,715,675   59,572
Minority interest 25   (868,023)   (751,863)   (1,538,153)   (2,889)
Income before amortization of negative goodwill     9,004,007   12,247,125   30,177,522   56,683
Amortization of negative goodwill 12   -   19,499   26,452   50
Net income     9,004,007   12,266,624   30,203,974   56,733

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006


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  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThUS$
              (Note 2 (c))
Cash flow from operating activities:              
Collection of accounts receivable 398,225,957   437,520,905   639,800,925   1,201,752
Financial income received 1,070,120   2,255,427   1,019,130   1,914
Dividends and other distributions received -   -   51,923   98
Other income received 2,228,637   379,910   7,764,909   14,585
Payments to suppliers and personnel (377,565,120)   (408,957,760)   (624,031,834)   (1,172,133)
Interest paid (12,039,261)   (13,748,808)   (9,333,776)   (17,532)
Income taxes paid (495,588)   (2,328,408)   (4,972,011)   (9,339)
Other expenses (218,980)   (606,997)   (286,828)   (539)
Value added taxes and other similar items paid (6,180,567)   (3,919,740)   (4,099,133)   (7,699)
Net cash provided by operating activities 5,025,198   10,594,529   5,913,305   11,107
               
Cash flow from investing activities:              
Proceeds from sales of investments 30,320,736   217,872   -   -
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment 1,043,443   311,940   2,481,757   4,662
Additions to property, plant and equipment (6,808,969)   (10,616,305)   (14,333,606)   (26,923)
Investments in other companies (8,471)   (187,647)   (4,259)   (8)
Decrease in accounts receivable from related companies 23,422   52,785   84,416   159
Other investing activities (net) 1,359,216   1,110,915   1,342,571   2,521
Other disbursements for investment -   (2,673,162)   -   -
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 25,929,377   (11,783,602)   (10,429,121)   (19,589)
               
Cash flow from financing activities:              
Borrowings from banks and others 36,064,928   116,045,200   140,183,603   263,310
Proportion of dividends paid to minority shareholders (161,110)   (38,819)   (607,199)   (1,141)
Payments of loans (40,928,488)   (159,673,463)   (127,731,579)   (239,921)
Increase in bonds payable 32,355,031   -   -   -
Payment of loans from related parties -   -   (1,552,711)   (2,916)
Decrease in bonds payable (61,850,702)   (4,556,178)   (4,256,422)   (7,995)
Capital increase in subsidiaries contributed by minority shareholders 10,624,009   44,060,660   9,463,145   17,775
Other financing disbursements -   -   (1,051,434)   (1,975)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (23,896,332)   (4,162,600)   14,447,403   27,137
Net increase(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 7,058,243   (5,351,673)   9,931,587   18,655
Effect of price-level restatement on cash and cash equivalents 679,193   (308,670)   (340,908)   (640)
Net increase(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 7,737,436   (5,660,343)   9,590,679   18,015
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year 5,877,546   13,614,982   7,954,639   14,941
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year 13,614,982   7,954,639   17,545,318   32,956

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThUS$
              (Note 2 (c))
Reconciliation of net income for the year to net cash flow from operating activities:              
Net income for the year 9,004,007   12,266,624   30,203,974   56,733
Items that do not represent cash flows:              
Depreciation (1) 11,407,833   11,479,354   13,391,201   25,153
Amortization of goodwill 1,842,028   1,694,816   1,721,235   3,233
Amortization of negative goodwill     (19,499)   (26,452)   (50)
Minority interest 868,023   751,863   1,538,153   2,889
Price-level restatement, net 704,244   2,041,825   1,606,724   3,018
Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net (438,909)   767,869   (334,636)   (629)
Gain on sales of property, plant and equipment (60,991)   (197,099)   (16,646)   (31)
Equity participation in net losses (income) of investments under equity method, net 24,341   (286,977)   (688,274)   (1,292)
Gains on sales of investments (6,592)   -   (31,627)   (59)
Write-offs and provisions 837,508   853,441   6,229,279   11,700
Other charges to income which do not represent cash flows (1) 7,905,087   4,738,006   7,352,537   13,810
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities:              
Increase in accounts and notes receivable (10,437,173)   (7,807,391)   (25,877,839)   (48,607)
Increase in inventories (18,871,198)   (2,705,710)   (25,482,062)   (47,864)
Increase in other assets (738,953)   (7,818,171)   (1,589,819)   (2,986)
Increase (decrease) in accounts and notes payable 3,236,224   (5,712,903)   4,591,513   8,625
(Decrease) increase in other current liabilities (250,280)   548,481   (6,673,956)   (12,536)
Net cash provided by operating activities 5,025,198   10,594,529   5,913,305   11,107
               
               
  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThUS$
              (Note 2 (c))
Supplemental Cash Flow Information:              
Assets acquired under capital leases 123,368   389,109   425,465   (799)

(1) Other charges to income, which do not represent cash flows, include additional depreciation charges, which were reflected in non-operating expenses, as detailed in Note 10.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

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Note 1 – The Company

Madeco S.A. and subsidiaries (“the Company”) is a sociedad anonima abierta (open stock corporation) that is organized under the laws of the Republic of Chile (“Chile”) whose shares and American Depositary Receipts are quoted on the Chilean and New York Stock Exchanges, respectively. Furthermore, the Company files financial statements with the Chilean Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros (Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, or “SVS”) and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Unless otherwise specified, all references to “Madeco” or the “Company” are to Madeco S.A. together with its consolidated subsidiaries and references to “Madeco Chile” include only Madeco S.A.

The Company operates in four main segments. The principal operating segment and the Company’s largest business unit is its Wire & Cable business, with production facilities in Chile, Brazil, Peru and Argentina. The Wire & Cable business unit’s main clients are in the telecom, energy, mining, construction and industrial sectors. The Company’s second operating segment is Brass Mills unit, which manufactures pipes, bars and sheets from copper, brass, aluminum and related alloys. Additionally, the Brass Mills unit manufactures coin blanks and minted coins from alloys comprising copper, nickel, aluminum and zinc. The Company’s Brass Mills facilities are located in Chile and Argentina. The Company’s third operating segment, Flexible Packaging manufactures printed flexible packaging for use in the packaging of mass consumer products. The Company has flexible packaging facilities in Chile and Argentina, and in addition it exerts significant influence over its equity investment in Peru that operates in the same business. The fourth operating segment of the Company is Aluminum Profiles. The aluminum profiles produced by the Company in Chile are used in the residential and the non-residential construction sector as well as in the production of industrial durable goods.


Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies

a) Basis of preparation, presentation and consolidation of the consolidated financial statements

The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Chile and the regulations established by the SVS (collectively referred to as “Chilean GAAP”). Certain accounting practices applied by the Company that conform with accounting principles generally accepted in Chile do not conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). A reconciliation of Chilean GAAP to US GAAP is provided in Note 32.

Certain amounts in the prior year’s financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation.

The accompanying financial statements reflect the consolidated results of operations of Madeco S.A. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company consolidates the financial statements of companies in which it controls over 50% of the voting shares.

The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2005 and 2006 and for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 include the following subsidiaries:

  As of December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  %   %   %
Percentage of Direct and Indirect Ownership          
Alusa S.A. and Subsidiaries 75.96   75.96   75.96
Indalum S.A. and Subsidiaries 99.16   99.16   99.16
Armat S.A. 100.00   100.00   100.00
Comercial Madeco S.A. and Subsidiaries (Argentina) (1) 100.00   100.00   100.00
Indeco S.A. (Peru) 93.00   94.01   94.01
Madeco Overseas S.A. (Cayman Islands) 100.00   100.00   100.00
Soinmad S.A. and Subsidiaries 100.00   100.00   100.00
Metalurgica Industrial S.A. and Subsidiaries (Argentina) (1) 100.00   100.00   -
Metal Overseas S.A. and Subsidiaries (Cayman Islands) 100.00   100.00   100.00

  1. In June 2006, in a group transaction Comercial Madeco S.A. acquired 106,393,873 shares of Metalurgica Industrial S.A. from Madeco S.A. Agencia Islas Caiman, increasing its participation from 24,25% to 61,33%. As a consequence, Comercial Madeco S.A. is consolidating Metalurgica Industrial S.A. and Subsidiaries, which therefore is not presented as a direct subsidiary. The Company’s total participation in Metalurgica Industrial S.A. remained unchanged.


All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation, as well as any unrealized gains or losses arising from such transactions. The participation of minority shareholders in subsidiaries has been given effect in the consolidated financial statements under the caption Minority interest.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Chilean GAAP, along with the reconciliation to US GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

b) Price-level restatement

The cumulative inflation rate in Chile as measured by the Chilean Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) for the three-year period ended December 31, 2006 was approximately 8.4%.

Chilean GAAP requires that the financial statements be restated to reflect the full effects of changes in the purchasing power of the Chilean peso on the financial position and results of operations of reporting entities. The method described below is based on a model that enables calculation of net inflation gains or losses caused by monetary assets and liabilities exposed to changes in the purchasing power of local currency. The model prescribes that the historical cost of all non-monetary accounts be restated for general price-level changes between the date of origin of each item and the year-end.

The financial statements of the Company have been price-level restated in order to reflect the effects of the changes in the purchasing power of the Chilean currency during each year. All non-monetary assets and liabilities, all equity accounts and income statement accounts have been restated to reflect the changes in the CPI from the date they were acquired or incurred to year-end.

The resulting gain or loss included in net income reflects the effects of Chilean inflation on the monetary assets and liabilities held by the Company (Note 3).

The restatements were calculated using the official consumer price index of the National Institute of Statistics and based on the “prior-month rule,” in which the inflation adjustments are based on the CPI at the close of the month preceding the close of the respective period or transaction. This index is considered by the business community, the accounting profession and the Chilean government to be the index that most closely complies with the technical requirement to reflect the variation in the general level of prices in Chile and consequently it is widely used for financial reporting purposes.

The values of the Chilean consumer price indices used to reflect the effects of the changes in the purchasing power of the Chilean peso (“price-level restatement”) are as follows:

  Index Change over Previous November 30,
     
November 30, 2004 ………………… 117.28 2.5%
November 30, 2005 ………………… 121.53 3.6%
November 30, 2006 ………………… 124.11 2.1%

By way of comparison, the actual values of the Chilean consumer price indices as of the balance sheet dates are as follows:

  Index Change over Previous December 31,
     
December 31, 2004 ………………… 116.84 2.4%
December 31, 2005 ………………… 121.12 3.7%
December 31, 2006 ………………… 124.23 2.6%

The above-mentioned price-level restatements do not purport to represent appraisal or replacement values and are only intended to restate all non-monetary financial statement components in terms of local currency of a single purchasing power and to include in net income or loss for each year the gain or loss in purchasing power arising from the holding of monetary assets and liabilities exposed to the effects of inflation.

Index-linked assets and liabilities

Assets and liabilities that are denominated in index-linked units of account are stated at the year-end values of the respective units of account. The principal index-linked unit used in Chile is the Unidad de Fomento (“UF”), which is adjusted daily to reflect the changes in Chile’s CPI. Certain of the Company’s investments are linked to the UF. As the Company’s indexed liabilities exceed its indexed assets, the increase in the index results in a net loss. Values for the UF are as follows (historical Chilean pesos per UF):

  Ch$
   
December 31, 2004 ………… 17,317.05
December 31, 2005 ………… 17,974.81
December 31, 2006 ………… 18,336.38

Comparative financial statements

For comparative purposes, the historical December 31, 2004 and 2005 consolidated financial statements and their accompanying notes have been presented in constant Chilean pesos as of December 31, 2006. Amounts previously presented in constant Chilean pesos as of each balance sheet date have been adjusted by the percentage changes in the CPI to December 31, 2006 as follows:

Year Change in Index
   
2005…………………… 5.8% (1)
2006…………………… 2.1% (2)

  1. Equivalent to the change in the CPI for 2005 multiplied with the change in the CPI for 2006.
  2. Equivalent to the change in the CPI for 2006.


This updating does not change the prior years’ statements or information in any way except to update the amounts to constant Chilean pesos of similar purchasing power.

c) Currency translation

Balances denominated in foreign currencies included in the consolidated balance sheets and detailed in Note 21 have been translated into Chilean pesos at the observed exchange rates determined by the Central Bank of Chile in effect at each year end.

As of December 31 2004, 2005 and 2006 the foreign exchange rates of most relevant foreign currencies were as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
Currency          
United States dollar (US$) 557.40   512.50   532.39
Argentine peso (AR$) 187.36   169.42   173.93
Brazilian real (BR$) 209.99   219.35   248.78
Peruvian sol (S$) 169.78   149.77   166.89

The net effect of foreign exchange translation in income is detailed in Note 4.

Convenience translation to US dollars

The financial statements are stated in Chilean pesos. The translations of Chilean pesos into US dollars are included solely for the convenience of the reader, using the observed exchange rate reported by the Chilean Central Bank as of December 31, 2006 of Ch$ 532.39 for US$ 1.00. The convenience translations should not be construed as representations that the Chilean peso amounts have been, could have been, or could in the future be, converted into US dollars at this or any other exchange rate.

d) Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid investment securities with remaining maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents for the purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows:

  As of December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
Cash and Cash Equivalents          
Cash 3,166,335   4,371,910   4,733,667
Time deposits (Note 5) 4,304,004   96,105   261,552
Mutual funds (Note 6) 47,060   153,150   306,019
Securities purchased under resell agreements (Note 9) 6,097,583   3,333,474   12,244,080
Total 13,614,982   7,954,639   17,545,318

e) Time deposits and marketable securities

Time deposits denominated in UF are stated at cost plus interest and indexation accrued at each year-end.

Marketable securities consist of Mutual Funds and are valued at the quoted redemption value of the respective share at each balance sheet date.

f) Accounts receivable and allowance for accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are shown net of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Allowances are recorded at the end of each period for those balances considered to be of doubtful recovery based on an analysis of aging of balances and the evaluation of customers’ financial standing.

g) Inventories

Inventories of finished products, work in progress and by-products are valued at production cost including indirect manufacturing costs plus price-level restatement. Inventories of raw materials, materials in warehouse and materials in transit are valued at price-level restated cost. Inventory values do not exceed their estimated net realizable value. Reductions in inventory are valued using the weighted average method. The related obsolescence allowances have been presented as a deduction from inventories.

Inventories with a turnover exceeding one year are classified as Other long-term assets and are presented net of respective obsolescence allowances.

h) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost plus price-level restatement. In accordance with instructions issued by the SVS, property, plant and equipment also include effects of the revaluation increment arising from the technical appraisals of certain assets which were carried out in 1979 and 1986.

Assets acquired under capital lease contracts are recorded at their present value, calculated using the contracted monthly installments plus the purchase option and using the interest rate implicit in the respective contract. The corresponding liability is shown net of deferred interest. Assets obtained under financial contracts are not the legal property of the Company until it exercises the related purchase option. Therefore, the Company cannot freely dispose of them. Included as part of accumulated depreciation is accumulated amortization related to capital lease fixed assets.

Property, plant and equipment are presented net of accumulated depreciation and impairment write-downs.

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is determined using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. In accordance with Circular No. 1529 issued by the SVS depreciation amounts include respective portion of the technical appraisal revaluation.

The estimated useful lives of the principal categories of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

  Estimated years of useful life
Assets group  
Buildings and Infrastructure 20 to 70
Installations 5 to 33
Machinery and equipment 5 to 40
Engine and Equipment 7
Other fixed assets 2 to 10

Depreciation of temporarily inactive property, plant and equipment is classified under other non-operating expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The Company periodically evaluates the carrying amount of its property, plant and equipment in relation to the operating performance and future undiscounted cash flows of the underlying assets. An impairment loss is recognized in the event that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable, when compared to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected from its use and its eventual disposition. The Company has temporarily inactive or underutilized production facilities which are tested for impairment when the Company's management believes such underutilization constitutes a triggering event for the impairment test.

i) Investments in related companies

Investments in related companies over which the Company has significant influence, are included under the caption Other assets and are recorded using the equity method. Accordingly, the Company’s proportional share in the net income (loss) of each investee is recognized in the non-operating income or expense on an accrual basis, after eliminating any unrealized gains and losses from transactions with the related companies.

Equity movements that do not affect the income of the related companies are shown proportionally as a charge or credit to the account Other reserves in Shareholders’ equity.

j) Other investments

Investments in equity instruments of entities in which the Company has not more than 20% of the voting stock and which are considered to be permanent are recorded at the lower of cost plus price-level restatement or market value. They are shown under the caption Other assets. Dividends from such investments are recognized as income when received.

k) Securities purchased under resell agreements

Securities purchased under resell agreements are valued at placement value plus accrued interest and indexation at year-end. These investments are presented in Other current assets.

l) Goodwill and negative goodwill

Prior to January 1, 2004, goodwill was recognized as the excess of the purchase price of companies acquired over their net book value; negative goodwill arose when net book value exceeded the purchase price of companies acquired. Chilean GAAP also provided at that time that goodwill and negative goodwill amortization may be accelerated if the proportional net income or net loss of the investee exceeds the respective straight-line amortization amount.

Beginning January 1, 2004, the Company adopted Technical Bulletin No. 72 of the Chilean Association of Accountants, which prospectively changed the basis for determining amounts of goodwill and negative goodwill generated in transactions after January 1, 2005. This standard requires allocation of the purchase price based on the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and identifiable liabilities assumed. Goodwill is amortized over the expected period of return of the investment that corresponds to a useful life of 5 to 20 years. Negative goodwill is amortized over the estimated useful life of the underlying non-monetary assets acquired.

Goodwill and negative goodwill may also be recorded in the purchase of investments accounted for by the equity method.

m) Intangibles

Trademarks are recorded at historical cost plus price-level restatement and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the period in which they are expected to benefit the Company; however, the period should be no longer than 40 years, in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 55 of the Chilean Association of Accountants.

n) Bonds payable

Bonds payable are included in liabilities at their par value plus accrued indexation and interest. The discount that arises from the difference between par value and the proceeds received is included in Other assets and is amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the bond. The amount of the interest recognized does not differ materially from amounts that would have been recognized under the effective rate method.

o) Staff severance indemnities

The Company has obligations for staff severance indemnities which are recognized by calculating the present value of estimated future payments of the benefits and assuming real annual discount rates, using the accrued cost of the benefit method.

p) Accrued vacation expense

The cost of employee vacations is recognized in the financial statements on an accrual basis.

q) Current and deferred income taxes

Current income tax provisions are recognized by the group companies on the basis of respective tax regulations in each jurisdiction where the Company operates.

The Company records income taxes in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 60 (“BT 60”) and complementary technical bulletins thereto issued by the Chilean Association of Accountants and with SVS Circulars No. 1466 and No. 1560, recognizing, using the liability method, the deferred tax effects of temporary differences between the financial and tax values of assets and liabilities. As a transitional provision on January 1, 2000, the date of adoption of BT 60, a contra asset or liability has been recorded offsetting the effects of the deferred tax assets and liabilities not recorded prior to January 1, 2000. Such contra assets or liabilities must be amortized to income over the estimated average reversal periods corresponding to the underlying temporary differences to which the deferred tax asset or liability related were calculated, using the tax rates that were expected to be in effect at the time of reversal.

To the extent necessary, deferred tax assets are further reduced by a valuation allowance, if based on the weight of available evidence; it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

r) Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized when goods are delivered to customers or the services are rendered. Unearned revenues, related to sales that the Company has invoiced and collected in advance, is not recognized until the related goods are delivered.

s) Translation of foreign currency financial statements

In accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 64 issued by the Chilean Association of Accountants, the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries whose activities do not constitute an extension of the Chilean operations, or which operate in countries that are exposed to significant risks, restrictions or inflation/exchange fluctuations are remeasured using the US dollar as the functional currency and then translated into Chilean pesos at the year end exchange rate.

Accordingly, the financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries in Argentina, Brazil and Peru are remeasured into US dollars as follows:

• Monetary assets and liabilities are translated at year-end exchange rates between the US dollar and the local currency.

• All non-monetary assets and liabilities and shareholders’ equity are translated at historical exchange rates between the US dollar and the local currency.

• Income and expense accounts, except for such accounts that are calculated using historical rates (e.g. depreciation and amortization) are translated at average exchange rates between the US dollar and the local currency.

• Any exchange differences are included in the results of operations for the period.

Investments in foreign subsidiaries and equity method investees are price-level restated, the effects of which are reflected in income, while the effects of the foreign exchange gains or losses between the Chilean peso and the US dollar on the foreign investment measured in US dollars, are reflected in equity in Cumulative translation adjustment.

In addition as permitted by the Technical Bulletin No. 64, the Company designated certain debt instruments as hedges of net foreign investments. Exchange gains and losses resulting from translation of hedging instruments are recorded directly in Shareholders’ equity in the Cumulative translation adjustment.

t) Derivative instruments

The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swap contracts and option contracts to hedge against the risk of fluctuations in exchange rates between the Chilean peso, US dollar and Brazilian Real, changes in interest rates and changes in market prices of commodities. These instruments are recorded in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 57.

Derivative contracts that are designated as hedges of existing assets or liabilities are valued at their respective fair values. No adjustment to the hedged item’s carrying amount is recorded. If the net variation in the value of the derivative instrument and the hedged item results in a loss, the difference is recorded in the operating income. If the net variation in the value of the derivative instrument and the hedge item results in a gain, the net difference is deferred and recorded as an unrealized gain in the balance sheet.

Derivative contracts that are designated as hedges of future cash flows or transactions are valued at their respective fair values. Variation in the fair value are deferred and recorded as unrealized gains or losses in the income statement until the underlying transaction is realized.

u) Share issuance costs

The costs of stock issuance and placement related to capital increases have been recorded in Shareholders’ equity under the caption Contributed surplus.

v) Stock based compensation plans

Effective January 1, 2005 the company accounts for stock-based compensation plans in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standard No. 2 Share-based payment, showing the effect of recording the fair value of the options granted as administrative and selling expenses on a straight-line basis over the period between the date of granting of these options to the date that these become vested.

With respect to compensation plans implemented prior to December 31, 2004, the Company did not record any effect at the time of granting the option and only recognized the eventual increase in capital once the respective options were exercised and the payment of the capital increase has been received in the amount represented by the option strike price. This accounting treatment was based on the provisions of International Accounting Standard No. 19, as Chilean GAAP had not established any rules on this subject.


Note 3 - Price-level restatement

The application of price-level restatement as described in note 2 b) resulted in net charges to income, the effect of which is summarized as follows:

  Credit (charge) as of December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Property, plant and equipment, net 2,085,548   2,915,726   1,672,488
Inventories, net 566,720   515,131   164,791
Other current assets 218,349   320,279   156,817
Other assets 3,486,066   4,254,820   2,185,261
Other foreign currency denominated liabilities (339,156)   (413,486)   (181,376)
Shareholders’ equity, net (3,996,290)   (5,737,987)   (4,382,419)
Income and expense accounts in constant Chilean pesos as of year end (273,164)   (300,432)   (299,028)
Net adjustment of assets and liabilities indexed to UF (2,452,317)   (3,595,876)   (923,258)
Net loss from Price-level restatement (704,244)   (2,041,825)   (1,606,724)


Note 4 - Foreign exchange differences

Foreign exchange differences are summarized as follows:

  Credit (charge) as of December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Cash and short-term investments (120,188)   (55,234)   318,691
Accounts receivable (1,093,082)   (1,003,233)   550,532
Other assets 136,727   (277,544)   243,096
Bank loans 373,879   469,938   (525,682)
Other liabilities 604,285   859,152   (384,114)
Loss on hedging transactions (1,010,174)   (1,866,875)   (2,195,321)
Translation adjustments in foreign subsidiaries, net 1,547,462   1,105,927   2,327,434
Net foreign exchange gains 438,909   (767,869)   334,636


Note 5 – Time deposits

Time deposits are summarized as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Time deposits in foreign currencies 96,105   261,552
Total time deposits 96,105   261,552


Note 6 – Marketable securities

Marketable securities are summarized as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Mutual funds 153,150   306,019
Total marketable securities 153,150   306,019


Note 7 - Accounts receivable

a) Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, are summarized as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Trade accounts receivable 60,831,973   87,666,935
Allowance for doubtful trade accounts receivable (4,149,340)   (3,988,950)
Notes receivable 5,395,958   6,064,732
Allowance for doubtful notes receivables (821,726)   (889,125)
Other accounts receivable 5,600,859   9,069,604
Allowance for doubtful other accounts (3,410,360)   (3,474,169)
Total accounts receivable, net 63,447,364   94,449,027

b) Changes in short-term allowance for doubtful accounts receivable for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Balance at the beginning of the year 11,110,025   6,231,473   8,381,426
Price-level restatement (283,880)   (158,661)   (144,809)
Effect of devaluation of foreign currencies (134,987)   (663,392)   53,815
Reclassification (to) from long-term (1) (1,583,846)   3,251,847   -
Allowance established (released), net (706,078)   144,550   338,013
Write-offs (2,169,761)   (424,391)   (276,201)
Balance at the end of the year 6,231,473   8,381,426   8,352,244

(1) Amount was reclassified (to) from the long-term allowance consistent with the corresponding balance of account receivable that was reclassified (to) from the long-term.
 

  1. Changes in long-term allowance for doubtful accounts receivable for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:
     
  As of December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Balance at the beginning of year 1,785,068   3,368,914   -
Price-level restatement -   (117,067)   -
Reclassification from (to) short term (1) 1,583,846   (3,251,847)   -
Balance at the end of year 3,368,914   -   -

(1) Amount was reclassified to (from) the short-term allowance for doubtful accounts consistent with the corresponding balance of account receivable that was reclassified to (from) the short-term.


Note 8 - Inventories

a) Inventories are summarized as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Raw materials 27,924,867   37,823,688
Finished goods 16,501,254   21,889,835
Work-in-progress 21,839,345   26,326,703
Consumable materials 6,266,125   7,106,255
Supplies in transit 3,239,310   3,825,266
Supplies 2,915,259   3,432,172
Sub-total 78,686,160   100,403,919
Allowance for obsolescence (2,832,945)   (2,802,846)
Inventories, net 75,853,215   97,601,073

b) Changes in the allowance for obsolescence for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Balance at beginning of year 4,124,603   3,087,677   2,832,945
Price-level restatement (100,600)   (107,294)   (58,269)
Effect of devaluation of foreign currencies (2,730)   (45,965)   107,099
Allowance established 371,613   294,182   520,601
Allowance released (1) (1,251,107)   (260,657)   (599,530)
Write-offs (54,102)   (134,998)   -
Balance at end of year 3,087,677   2,832,945   2,802,846

  1. Corresponds to the reversal of the allowance for obsolescence previously recorded for slow moving inventories that have been sold during the period. Such reversal is recognized as an adjustment to the cost basis of the item sold.


The Company’s inventory primarily consists of copper as a raw material and copper-based products. The costs and sales prices of respective products are directly linked to the commodity price, and fluctuations significantly affect the Company’s results.

Due to a decline in the average price of copper (LME) in December 2006, the Company recorded inventory at net realizable value in accordance with to the accounting policy as described in Note 2 g). As a consequence, as of December 31, 2006, the Company recorded a loss of ThCh$ 4,185,475, of which ThCh$ 3,121,560 is reflected in operating income. The remaining portion is covered by hedging agreements, which are offsetting the effect in income (detailed in Note 27).


Note 9 – Other current assets

Other current assets are summarized as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
Securities purchased under resell agreements (1) 3,333,474   12,244,080
Deposit in guarantee (2) 729,794   676,714
Property, plant and equipment to be disposed of, net (3) (Note 10a) 2,974,719   3,748,647
Discount on bond issuance 157,485   157,349
Copper hedging agreement at fair value (4) -   1,040,667
Other 233,125   67,412
Total 7,428,597   17,934,869

(1) Details provided in the table below.
(2) Relates to time deposits held in custody as a result of the sale of a plant by the subsidiary Alufoil S.A., which is being registered in the property register.
(3) Shown net of allowances for adjustments to realization value of ThCh$ 296,461 of December 31, 2006 (ThCh$ 1,147,697 as of December 31, 2005).
(4) Relates to the fair value of existing purchase hedging agreements (Asian options and Swap), which are detailed in Note 27 “Derivative Contracts”.


The detail of securities purchased under resell agreements to resell as of December 31, 2005 is as follows:

      Original Transaction Interest Final   Market
Purchase Date Maturity Date Counterparty currency amount Rate value at maturity Description of Instrument value
        ThCh$ % ThCh$   ThCh$
December 27, 2005 January 7, 2006 BBVA, Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 2,183 5.52 2,185 Non-indexed promissory note 2,184
December 27, 2005 January 7, 2006 BBVA, Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 2,672 5.52 2,674 Non-indexed promissory note 2,674
December 27, 2005 January 7, 2006 BBVA, Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 2,137 5.52 2,139 Non-indexed promissory note 2,138
December 27, 2005 January 7, 2006 BBVA, Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 2,218 5.52 2,220 Non-indexed promissory note 2,219
December 27, 2005 January 7, 2006 BBVA, Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 32,155 5.52 32,185 Non-indexed promissory note 32,175
December 27, 2005 January 7, 2006 BBVA, Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 1,444 5.52 1,445 Non-indexed promissory note 1,444
December 27, 2005 January 7, 2006 BBVA, Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 618,863 5.52 619,433 Non-indexed promissory note 619,245
December 27, 2005 January 7, 2006 BBVA, Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 52,218 5.52 52,266 Non-indexed promissory note 52,250
December 27, 2005 January 7, 2006 BBVA, Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 102,911 5.52 103,006 Non-indexed promissory note 102,974
December 30, 2005 January 2, 2006 BBVA, Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 691,485 3.60 691,692 Non-indexed promissory note 691,555
December 30, 2005 January 2, 2006 BBVA, Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 2,795 3.60 2,797 Non-indexed promissory note 2,795
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 BBVA, Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 106,230 5.40 106,310 Non-indexed promissory note 106,277
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 Valores Security S.A. Corredores de Bolsa Ch$ 102,913 5.40 102,990 Non-indexed promissory note 102,960
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 Valores Security S.A. Corredores de Bolsa Ch$ 122,023 5.40 122,115 Non-indexed promissory note 122,078
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 Valores Security S.A. Corredores de Bolsa Ch$ 143,617 5.40 143,723 Non-indexed promissory note 143,680
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 Valores Security S.A. Corredores de Bolsa Ch$ 36,174 5.40 36,202 Non-indexed promissory note 36,190
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 Valores Security S.A. Corredores de Bolsa Ch$ 9,855 5.40 9,862 Non-indexed promissory note 9,859
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 Valores Security S.A. Corredores de Bolsa Ch$ 67,846 5.40 67,898 Non-indexed promissory note 67,877
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 Valores Security S.A. Corredores de Bolsa Ch$ 49,215 5.40 49,253 Non-indexed promissory note 49,238
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 Valores Security S.A. Corredores de Bolsa Ch$ 72,867 5.40 72,922 Non-indexed promissory note 72,899
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 Valores Security S.A. Corredores de Bolsa Ch$ 28,146 5.40 28,167 Non-indexed promissory note 28,158
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 Valores Security S.A. Corredores de Bolsa Ch$ 17,314 5.40 17,327 Non-indexed promissory note 17,322
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 Valores Security S.A. Corredores de Bolsa Ch$ 14,397 5.40 14,408 Non-indexed promissory note 14,404
December 28, 2005 January 2, 2006 Valores Security S.A. Corredores de Bolsa Ch$ 46,203 5.40 46,238 Non-indexed promissory note 46,224
December 30, 2005 January 9, 2006 BANCHILE, Corredores de Bolsa S.A. Ch$ 189,906 5.04 190,171 Non-indexed promissory note 189,933
December 28, 2005 January 10, 2006 Banco de Chile (1) Ch$ 409,217 4.32 409,855 Non-indexed promissory note 409,337
December 30, 2005 January 6, 2006 Banco de Chile (1) Ch$ 287,922 4.32 288,163 Non-indexed promissory note 287,956
December 30, 2005 January 6, 2006 Banco Security S.A. Ch$ 45,945 3.96 45,980 Non-indexed promissory note 45,950
December 30, 2005 January 6, 2006 Banco Security S.A. Ch$ 71,470 3.96 71,525 Non-indexed promissory note 71,479
              Total 3,333,474

(1) Banco de Chile is a related party under common control. However, respective balances have been classified according to the nature of the underlying transaction to present fairly the character of this relation (see Note 24).


The detail of securities purchased under resell agreements to resell as of December 31, 2006 is as follows:

      Original Transaction Interest Final   Market
Purchase Date Maturity Date Counterparty currency Amount rate value at maturity Description of Instrument Value
        ThCh$ % ThCh$   ThCh$
December 28, 2006 January 8, 2007 BBVA Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 26,386 6.00 26,435 Non-indexed promissory note 26,399
December 28, 2006 January 8, 2007 BBVA Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 183,431 6.00 183,767 Non-indexed promissory note 183,523
December 28, 2006 January 8, 2007 BBVA Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 209,183 6.00 209,566 Non-indexed promissory note 209,287
December 26, 2006 January 2, 2007 BBVA Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 40,474 6.00 40,521 Non-indexed promissory note 40,507
December 26, 2006 January 2, 2007 BBVA Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 3,240 6.00 3,244 Non-indexed promissory note 3,243
December 26, 2006 January 2, 2007 BBVA Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 2,172,874 6.00 2,175,409 Non-indexed promissory note 2,174,685
December 26, 2006 January 2, 2007 BBVA Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 2,008,333 6.00 2,010,676 Non-indexed promissory note 2,010,007
December 26, 2006 January 2, 2007 BBVA Corredores de Bolsa BHIF S.A. Ch$ 875,079 6.00 876,100 Non-indexed promissory note 875,808
December 29, 2006 January 8, 2007 BCI corredores de Bolsa S.A. Ch$ 906,975 6.24 908,547 Non-indexed promissory note 907,289
December 29, 2006 January 8, 2007 BCI corredores de Bolsa S.A. Ch$ 3,025 6.24 3,030 Non-indexed promissory note 3,026
December 26, 2006 January 2, 2007 Banco Estado US$ 3,022,474 5.34 3,028,750 Non-indexed promissory note 3,028,577
December 26, 2006 January 2, 2007 Banco Estado US$ 12,149 5.34 12,175 Non-indexed promissory note 12,171
December 28, 2006 January 8, 2007 Banco Estado US$ 2,021,576 5.45 2,024,942 Non-indexed promissory note 2,022,494
December 28, 2006 January 8, 2007 Banco Estado US$ 1,506 5.45 1,509 Non-indexed promissory note 1,507
December 28, 2006 January 8, 2007 Banco Estado US$ 1,582 5.10 1,585 Non-indexed promissory note 1,583
December 29, 2006 January 8, 2007 Banco Estado US$ 743,764 5.10 744,817 Non-indexed promissory note 743,974
              Total 12,244,080


Note 10 – Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are presented net of write - downs of ThCh $ 1,951,205 and ThCh$ 2,230,161 as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively and are summarized as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Land 10,454,892   11,709,492
Buildings and Infrastructure      
Buildings and infrastructure 51,856,598   53,890,923
Accumulated depreciation (17,431,381)   (18,770,491)
Subtotal buildings and infrastructure, net 34,425,217   35,120,432
Machinery and Equipment      
Machinery and equipment 210,268,064   215,024,032
Accumulated depreciation (132,985,012)   (141,042,051)
Subtotal machinery and equipment, net 77,283,052   73,981,981
Other Property, Plant and Equipment      
Leased assets 14,096,484   14,520,346
Furniture and fixtures 4,908,110   3,551,672
Office equipment 6,892,182   6,725,840
Tools and others 2,130,284   1,594,536
Other property, plant and equipment 2,429,447   6,276,697
Accumulated depreciation (1) (12,992,221)   (13,302,942)
Subtotal other property, plant and equipment, net 17,464,286   19,366,149
Revaluation from technical appraisals      
Land 3,065,285   3,090,828
Buildings and infrastructure 8,151,414   8,259,980
Machinery and equipment 2,240,016   1,719,175
Accumulated depreciation (5,177,989)   (5,299,636)
Subtotal revaluation from technical appraisals, net 8,278,726   7,770,347
Total property, plant and equipment, net 147,906,173   147,948,401

(1) The total accumulated depreciation includes accumulated depreciation of leased assets of ThCh$ 1,404,974 and ThCh$ 1,647,774 as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively.


Depreciation expense is summarized as follows:

  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
Included within the following income statement caption: ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Cost of sales 10,842,827   10,829,204   11,963,280
Administrative and selling expenses 565,006   650,150   1,427,921
Sub total 11,407,833   11,479,354   13,391,201
           
Non-operating expense 2,279,448   1,363,462   906,568
Total 13,687,281   12,842,816   14,297,769

No financing costs were capitalized to property, plant and equipment during 2004, 2005 and 2006. The Company recorded impairment losses related to its property, plant and equipment amounting to ThCh$ 482,586, ThCh$ 246,004 and ThCh$ 932,608 during 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.

a) Assets to be disposed of

Property, plant and equipment to be disposed of consist mainly of land and buildings which are not in Madeco’s core business. The Company is in the process of disposing those assets normally by sale, and will base its selling decision on the real estate market conditions.

As of December 31, 2005 and 2006, the detail of property, plant and equipment held for sale, after adjustments to net realizable value was as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Land and building at Vicuna Mackenna 2395 – 2585 (Chile) (1) 1,330,362   -
Building Andres Bello (Chile) 17,615   -
Building Vitacura (Chile) 1,025,875   1,024,987
Land in Lincoln (Chile) 15,114   13,089
Land in Via Matoim 902 (Aratu plant) (Brazil) (2) -   1,146,782
Machinery and equipment Optel Ltda. (Brazil) (3) -   1,023,045
Other 585,753   540,744
Subtotal current assets (Note 9) 2,974,719   3,748,647
       
Santa Marta plant (Chile) (4) 1,708,457   -
Land at Vicuna Mackenna 4665 (Chile) 981,312   984,111
Land and building at Ureta Cox 723 (Chile) (5) 26,298   -
Land and building at Lomas de Zamora (Argentina) 1,206,520   1,193,663
San Luis plant (Argentina) 215,380   219,137
Land at Via Matoim 902 (Aratu plant) (Brazil) (2) 1,127,121   -
Fiber optic machinery and equipment of Optel Ltda. (Brazil) (3) 2,006,892   -
Carampangue 1620 plant (Chile) (5) 825,100   -
Machinery and equipment Laton (Chile) (6) -   512,625
Other 560,784   490,448
Subtotal non-current assets (Note 13) 8,657,864   3,399,984
Total property, plant and equipment to be disposed of, net 11,632,583   7,148,631

Property, plant and equipment held for sale are recorded at their net realizable values and include allowances of ThCh$ 1,147,697 and ThCh$ 296,461 related to current assets, and of ThCh$ 4,907,938 and ThCh$ 5,154,889 related to non-current assets as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company recognized impairment charges (net realizable value) related to its Property, plant and equipment held for sale of ThCh$ 416,360, ThCh$ 247,455 and for ThCh$ 293,689, respectively.

  1. During March 2006, the subsidiary Alusa S.A. sold the properties located at 2395 and 2585 Vicuna Mackenna.

  1. During 2006, the amount of ThCh$ 1,146,782, related to assets for sale of the subsidiary Ficap S.A., was reclassified to Other current assets.

  1. In 2005 the Company acquired 50% of Optel Ltda. (see note 11). Assets acquired were initially recorded under Other non-current assets. During 2006, certain machinery and equipment for manufacturing optic fiber cables with a carrying value amounting to ThCh$ 752,524 was sold to the subsidiary Ficap S.A. and reclassified to fixed assets. The remaining portion of ThCh$ 1,023,045 was reclassified to Other current assets.

  1. During September 2006, the subsidiary Indalum S.A. sold the plant in Santa Marta for the amount of ThCh$ 1,280,841, resulting in a gain of ThCh$ 26,074. Additionally, a loss of ThCh$ 226,144 for an adjustment to net realizable value was recognized.

  1. During September 2006, the property located at 1620 Carampangue and the property located at Ureta Cox 723 were reclassified to fixed assets at their respective net realizable values.

  1. During September, the Company reclassified machinery and equipment from fixed assets to Other non-current assets at their respective net realizable value.

b) Leaseback transactions

In connection with the restructuring of its liabilities, on March 30, 2001, the subsidiary Alusa S.A., entered into a sale and leaseback contract for certain assets located in Quilicura (Santiago, Chile) with Corpbanca. The main features of the contract are as follows:

Seller : Alusa S.A.
Purchaser : Corpbanca
Assets involved : Buildings and plant located in Quilicura
Purchase price : UF 414,597
Final value of contract : UF 641,265
Number of installments : 180 months
Contract period : March 30, 2001 to March 30, 2016
Interest rate : 6.53% semiannual (variable)

This transaction generated no effect on income.

On May 5, 2006, the related agreement was amended in respect to installments and interest rates. The new characteristics of this agreement are as follows:

Seller Alusa S.A.
Purchaser Corpbanca
Assets involved Building and plant located in Quilicura
Principal amount U.F. 306,983
Nominal value of agreement U.F. 390,131
No. of installments 20 (semi-annually)
Period May 16, 2006 to May 16, 2016
Fixed interest rate 4.80%


Note 11 – Investments in related companies

The financial statements of Alusa S.A. and subsidiaries include the consolidation of the following direct and indirect subsidiaries: Aluflex S.A. (Argentina), Alufoil S.A., Inversiones Alusa S.A. and Alusa Overseas S.A. (Cayman Islands).

Indalum S.A. and subsidiaries include the consolidation of Alumco S.A. and subsidiaries and Inversiones Alumco S.A. and subsidiaries.

The consolidated financial statements of Soinmad S.A. include the direct subsidiaries Cotelsa S.A. and Inmobiliaria e Industrial Cotelsa S.A.

Comercial Madeco S.A. and subsidiaries include the consolidation of Metalurgica Industrial S.A. and its subsidiary Decker-Indelqui and its subsidiaries Metacab S.A. and H. B. San Luis S.A. (Argentina).

On June 2006, Comercial Madeco S.A. acquired from Agencia Madeco S.A. (Cayman Islands) the amount of 106,393,873 shares of Metalurgica Industrial S.A., which generated a change in ownership from 24.249% to 61.328% and therefore, beginning on that date this signified including this company and its subsidiaries in consolidation.

The financial statements of Metal Overseas S.A. and subsidiaries include the consolidation of the direct subsidiaries Ficap S.A. (Brazil) and Madeco Brasil Ltda. and subsidiaries.

On March 31, 2005, Madeco S.A. through its indirect subsidiary Madeco Brasil Ltda., entered into an agreement with Corning International Corporation, by virtue of which it acquired, at a par value of one Brazilian Real, 50% of the participation that Corning Inc. had in Optel Ltda. In this manner, the parties resolved the effects of the arbitrage settlement provided for a lawsuit followed by both companies in New York before the American Arbitration Association.

As a result, beginning December 2005, the financial statements of this subsidiary have been included in the consolidated financial statements of Madeco S.A.

The participation owned and carrying values of investments in related companies as of December 31, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:

  Percentage owned   As of December 31,
  2005   2006   2005   2006
  %   %   ThCh$   ThCh$
Related company              
Peruplast S.A. 25.00%   25.00%   3,653,615   4,043,944
Tech Pak S.A. 25.61%   25.61%   2,420,168   2,763,933
Colada Continua Chilena S.A. 41.00%   41.00%   1,511,993   1,512,465
Cobrecon Peru S.A. 33.33%   33.33%   644,329   664,263
Total         8,230,105   8,984,605

The Company’s equity participation in the net income (loss) of the investees is as follows:

  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
Related company          
Proportional share in equity of net income:          
Peruplast S.A. -   203,217   379,768
Tech Pak S.A. 20,595   57,300   299,338
Colada Continua Chilena S.A. 435   825   472
Cobrecon Peru S.A. -   25,635   8,696
Subtotal 21,030   286,977   688,274
Proportional share in equity of net loss:          
Peruplast S.A. (22,259)   -   -
Cobrecon Peru S.A. (23,112)   -   -
Subtotal (45,371)   -   -
Total (24,341)   286,977   688,274


Note 12 – Goodwill and Negative goodwill

a) Goodwill as of December 31, 2005 and 2006 and related amortization charges in the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:

  Amortization for the years ended December 31,   Net Balance as of December 31,
Company 2004   2005   2006   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
                   
Alumco S.A. 87,495   87,492   87,492   797,807   710,315
Alupack S.A. (1) 5,984   10,671   10,671   42,686   32,015
Ficap S.A. 1,521,473   1,350,303   1,373,857   15,753,538   14,654,477
Indeco S.A. 156,367   138,778   141,193   1,692,172   1,580,493
Peruplast S.A. 19,397   17,215   17,515   176,454   162,016
Tech Pak S.A. 9,784   8,684   8,834   89,002   81,719
Vigaflex S.A.(1) 41,528   81,673   81,673   326,692   245,019
Total 1,842,028   1,694,816   1,721,235   18,878,351   17,466,054

  1. Effective January 1, 2005, the amortization period of goodwill was changed from 10 to 5 years. The change resulted in an additional charge to income of ThCh$ 44,832 for the year ended December 31, 2005. All other amortization periods remained unchanged and amount to 20 years.


b) Negative goodwill as of December 31, 2005 and 2006 and related amortization in the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:

  Amortization for the years ended December 31,   Net Balance as of December 31,
Company 2004   2005   2006   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
                   
Optel Brasil Ltda. -   19,499   26,452   500,477   482,755
Total -   19,499   26,452   500,477   482,755


Note 13 – Other non-current assets

Other non-current assets are summarized as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Recoverable tax incentives in Argentina (1) 344,091   410,180
Discount on bond issuance 778,679   620,655
Property, plant and equipment to be disposed of (held-for-sale), net (2) 8,657,864   3,399,984
Lawsuit deposits 805,116   999,514
Recoverable VAT in Argentina 224,320   424,206
Inventories, net (3) 299,862   307,496
Other 231,392   101,081
Total other non-current assets 11,341,324   6,263,116

  1. These amounts are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of ThCh$ 1,981,937 as of December 31, 2006 (ThCh$ 1,673,129 as of December 31, 2005).
  2. These amounts are presented net of realization adjustments of ThCh$ 5,154,889 as of December 31, 2006 (ThCh$ 4,907,938 as of December 31, 2005).
  3. These inventories have a rotation of more than one year and are presented at net realizable values.


Note 14 – Short-term bank loans and current portions of long-term debt

a) Short-term bank loans are summarized as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
Payable in:      
Chilean pesos 5,788,963   1,176,565
United States dollars 13,307,767   11,291,101
Loans in Euros 79,075   49,731
Other foreign currencies 5,765,918   2,973,112
Total short-term bank loans 24,941,723   15,490,509
Total outstanding principal 24,784,183   15,219,958

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  %   %
       
Year-end weighted average interest rates:      
Loans in Chilean pesos 6.78   6.11
Loans in United States dollars 5.26   5.93
Loans in Euros 3.22   6.45
Loans in other foreign currencies 14.02   7.66

b) Current portion of long-term debt is summarized as follows:
 

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Payable in:      
Chilean pesos 289,298   -
Inflation-indexed units (UF) 2,243,552   3,078,968
United States dollars 34,110   8,669,735
Other foreign currencies -   4,492,133
Total current portion of long-term debt 2,566,960   16,240,836
Total outstanding principal 2,492,143   15,305,012
Average annual interest rate % 7.20   5.22


Note 15 – Accrued liabilities and provisions

a) Current accrued liabilities and provisions are as follows:
 

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Accrued employee vacation expenses 1,719,702   2,016,563
Remuneration and consulting services 1,483,748   2,794,451
Staff severance indemnities 979,172   880,194
Project expenses, suppliers and other 483,413   776,410
Municipal taxes and others 860,138   644,864
Freight 325,855   291,797
Electricity consumed and other basic services 822,157   311,082
Import and export costs 138,931   72,911
Lawsuits pending (Argentina) 272,765   228,528
Others 236,018   93,754
Total current accrued liabilities and provisions 7,321,899   8,110,554

b) Long-term accrued liabilities and provisions are as follows:
 

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Staff severance indemnities 884,199   1,121,645
Provisions for pending lawsuits (1) 1,592,474   2,146,024
Municipal taxes and others 628,505   1,156,525
Customs obligations 884,076   1,055,498
Other 54,509   22,272
Total long-term accrued liabilities and provisions 4,043,763   5,501,964

  1. This item includes mainly provision for pending lawsuits and unpaid settlements with current and former employees. Part of this obligation that relates to current employees will be paid at their retirement, while semi-annual payments were made to satisfy former employees. The fourth and final payment to former employees was made during 2006. The long-term liability related to current employees is stated at present value applying an annual discount rate of 7% and considering the years remaining to retirement dates.


Note 16 – Staff severance indemnities

Staff severance indemnities are presented as described in Note 2 o) and are summarized as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Balance at the beginning of period, unrestated 1,914,506   1,825,045
Price-level restatement 47,645   6,704
Provisions established 1,955,879   1,726,597
Payments during the period (2,054,659)   (1,556,507)
Balance at the period-end 1,863,371   2,001,839
       
Presented in balance sheet in:      
Current liabilities - accrued liabilities and provisions 979,172   880,194
Long-term liabilities - accrued liabilities and provisions 884,199   1,121,645
Total 1,863,371   2,001,839


Note 17 – Long-term debt and bonds payable

a) Long-term liabilities with banks and financial institutions as of December 31, 2005 and 2006 are as follows:

      Average                   Total   Total
Bank Currency or   annual   More than 1   More than 2   More than 3   More than   as of December   as of December
or Financial Institution indexation   interest rate   up to 2 years   up to 3 years   up to 5 years   5 years   31, 2006   31, 2005
      %   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
Banks in Chile                              
Banco Estado de Chile Indexed Chilean Pesos   5.30   1,004,305   454,214   549,641   -   2,008,160   1,688,159
Banco Estado de Chile US dollars   5.82   266,196   -   -   -   266,196   -
BBVA US dollars   5.82   1,102,808   -   -   -   1,102,808   -
Banco de Credito e Inversiones Indexed Chilean Pesos   6.57   236,044   236,044   236,044   -   708,132   590,618
Bank Boston US dollars   5.82   707,170   -   -   -   707,170   -
Banco de Chile Indexed Chilean Pesos   5.78   894,713   344,622   344,622   -   1,583,957   2,075,713
Banco del Desarrollo Indexed Chilean Pesos   6.37   638,868   638,868   851,824   -   2,129,560   -
Scotiabank US dollars   5.82   2,281,670   -   -   -   2,281,670   -
Banco Security Chilean Pesos   -   -   -   -   -   -   765,282
Banco Security Indexed Chilean Pesos   6.68   887,318   1,186,200   1,186,199   -   3,259,717   5,378,143
                               
Banks in Brazil:                              
Banco Itau Other currency   14.15   7,739,560   -   -   -   7,739,560   6,008,940
Itau Finame Other currency   -   -   -   -   -   -   983,902
ABN AMRO Bank Other currency   -   -   -   -   -   -   1,477,483
Bndes Other currency   11.50   -   -   191,078   -   191,078   -
Sudameris US dollars   -   -   -   -   -   -   527,661
Unibanco US dollars   2.10   1,204,687   -   -   -   1,204,687   1,037,232
Unibanco Other currency   -   -   -   -   -   -   1,200,974
                               
Banks in other countries:                              
Banco Estado New York US dollars   5.83   953,869   1,907,730   2,861,595   -   5,723,194   -
Credito Peru US dollars   7.54   576,756   2,307,023   4,037,291   -   6,921,070   3,401,206
BBVA - Cayman Islands US dollars   5.83   465,841   931,682   1,397,523   -   2,795,046   -
Bank Of America - Cayman Islands US dollars   5.83   474,801   949,602   1,424,403   -   2,848,806   -
                               
 Total         19,434,606   8,955,985   13,080,220   -   41,470,811   25,135,313

b) Bonds have been issued and are payable by the following Group companies:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
Company      
Madeco 29,060,348   24,763,104
Total 29,060,348   24,763,104
Less: Current portion (4,343,590)   (4,536,996)
Long-term portion 24,716,758   20,226,108

Madeco S.A. issued the bonds in December 2004 under the following terms:

Amount issued : UF 1,800,000 composed of 360 Series D bonds of UF 5,000 each.
Term : Seven years.
Principal amortization : Fourteen semi-annual installments from June 10, 2005.
Interest rate : 5.00% real annual rate calculated and paid semi-annually on the outstanding UF-denominated principal.

The scheduled principal payments on long-term debt and bonds payable, including capitalized leases, at December 31, 2006 are summarized as follows:
 

  As of December 31,
  2006
  ThCh$
Principal payments during the fiscal years ending December 31,  
2007 21,266,196
2008 25,463,996
2009 14,419,071
2010 14,874,508
2011 and thereafter 12,765,879
Total 88,789,650


Note 18 – Miscellaneous payables

Miscellaneous long-term payables as of December 31, 2005 and 2006 are summarized as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Capital lease obligations 5,648,635   5,241,111
Total 5,648,635   5,241,111


Note 19 – Income taxes and other taxes

a) Net recoverable taxes are summarized as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Income taxes payable (3,096,350)   (7,194,832)
Monthly income tax payments 1,362,150   7,212,785
Other credits against income taxes 7,907,809   9,222,360
Other recoverable taxes (1) 200,234   151,757
Recoverable income taxes, net 6,373,843   9,392,070

  1. The balance of other recoverable taxes is shown net of an allowance for unrecoverable taxes in Uruguay and Argentina for ThCh$ 521,905 as of December 31, 2006 (ThCh$ 304,359 as of December 31, 2005).
     

b) The net income tax charge to the consolidated statement of income for each year is summarized as follows:

  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Current year provision for income tax (2,034,347)   (3,096,350)   (7,194,832)
Income tax from previous year (52,038)   1,556,586   (22,633)
Deferred income tax (1,754,104)   (1,873,465)   270,832
Tax benefit from (use of) tax loss carry forwards 5,034,220   2,633,388   (2,354,205)
Amortization of complementary accounts 2,326,521   974,349   (398,276)
Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets (4,601,777)   (1,971,482)   4,285,387
Other (549,795)   279,392   209,185
Net income tax expense (1,631,320)   (1,497,582)   (5,204,542)

The income tax provision has been determined based on current tax laws in each country in which the Company operates.

c) Deferred income taxes

  As of December 31,
  Current portion   Long-term portion
Timing differences 2005   2006   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
Accrued vacation expense 125,239   147,631   11,412   -
Unearned revenues 10,223   24,614   -   -
Allowance for doubtful accounts 378,390   1,323,545   804,791   27,937
Allowance for obsolescence of inventories 657,798   1,237,328   93,305   95,398
Property, plant and equipment held for sale 29,157   30,049   42,387   22,342
Write-downs of property, plant and equipment 20,899   -   192,950   204,171
Impairment of investment in Brazil 7,089,239   1,457,860   -   4,981,022
Allowances for other current and long-term receivables 587,277   586,768   413,557   457,760
Adjustment to realization value of property, plant and equipment -   11,713   55,754   -
Deferred foreign currency exchange differences 309,634   -   143,743    
Other provisions 413,026   1,485,852   622,108   894,792
Property, plant and equipment in leasing -   -   (3,394,523)   (3,323,795)
Accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment -   -   (3,375,246)   (3,266,059)
Staff severance indemnities -   -   (549,020)   (549,291)
Production costs (522,289)   (443,468)   -   -
Negotiation of bonds (14,852)   (30,762)   -   -
Bond issuance costs -   -   (159,146)   (132,260)
Other (2,322)   (5,484)   (146,502)   (132,694)
Subtotal 9,081,419   5,825,646   (5,244,430)   (720,677)
Complementary accounts, net of amortization -   -   4,147,801   3,761,184
Valuation allowance (9,231,869)   (3,112,424)   (21,899,141)   (24,741,839)
Tax loss carry forwards 3,546,690   2,861,384   22,640,883   21,211,276
Total deferred income taxes, net 3,396,240   5,574,606   (354,887)   (490,056)


Note 20 – Shareholders’ equity

a) The changes in Shareholders’ equity during each of the years 2004, 2005 and 2006 in historical Chilean pesos, except as noted, are summarized as follows:
 

          Reserves            
  Number of shares   Paid in capital   Contributed Surplus   Other Reserves   Cumulative Translation Adjustment   Accumulated Deficit   Net (Loss) Income for the year   Total
Balances as of January 1, 2004 4,120,088,408   187,967,126   33,406,119   9,262,465   12,023,702   (78,356,066)   (16,734,324)   147,569,022
Allocation of 2003 net loss -   -   -   -   -   (16,734,324)   16,734,324   -
Capital increase 321,104,479   5,779,880   4,288,892   -   -   -   -   10,068,772
Share issuance expenses -   -   (113,944)   -   -   -   -   (113,944)
Price-level restatement of equity accounts -   4,745,587   877,601   231,563   300,591   (2,377,260)   -   3,778,082
Cumulative translation adjustments, net -   -   -   -   (11,301,761)   -   -   (11,301,761)
Net loss for the year -   -   -   -   -   -   8,512,367   8,512,367
Balances as of December 31, 2004 4,441,192,887   198,492,593   38,458,668   9,494,028   1,022,532   (97,467,650)   8,512,367   158,512,538
Restatement of December 31, 2004 balances to December 31, 2006 constant pesos -   209,956,730   40,679,886   10,042,368   1,081,587   (103,096,990)   9,004,007   167,667,588
Balances as of January 1, 2005 4,441,192,887   198,492,593   38,458,668   9,494,028   1,022,532   (97,467,650)   8,512,367   158,512,538
Allocation of 2004 net loss -   -   -   -   -   8,512,367   (8,512,367)   -
Capital increase 907,197,242   44,017,210   -   -   -   -   -   44,017,210
Share issuance expenses -   -   (774,759)   -   -   -   -   (774,759)
Stock options issued -   -   -   263,500   -   -   -   263,500
Reclassification of capital increase year -   (195,111)   195,111   -   -   -   -   -
Price-level restatement of equity accounts -   7,057,699   1,386,063   341,785   36,810   (3,202,389)   -   5,619,968
Cumulative translation adjustments, net -   -   -   -   (14,272,719)   -   -   (14,272,719)
Net income for the year -   -   -   -   -   -   12,014,323   12,014,323
Balances as of December 31, 2005 5,348,390,129   249,372,391   39,265,083   10,099,313   (13,213,377)   (92,157,672)   12,014,323   205,380,061
Restatement of December 31, 2005 balances to December 31, 2006 constant pesos -   254,609,211   40,089,650   10,311,399   (13,490,859)   (94,092,983)   12,266,624   209,693,042
Balances as of January 1, 2006 5,348,390,129   249,372,391   39,265,083   10,099,313   (13,213,377)   (92,157,672)   12,014,323   205,380,061
Allocation of 2005 net income -   -   -   -   -   12,014,323   (12,014,323)   -
Capital increase 192,802,758   9,350,934   -   -   -   -   -   9,350,934
Stock options issued -   -   -   275,040   -   -   -   275,040
Reclassification of stock options -   -   -   (263,500)   -   263,500   -   -
Price-level restatement of equity accounts -   5,349,032   824,566   206,553   (320,254)   (1,677,478)   -   4,382,419
Cumulative translation adjustments, net -   -   -   -   1,962,753   -   -   1,962,753
Net income for the year -   -   -   -   -   -   30,203,974   30,203,974
Balances as of December 31, 2006 5,541,192,887   264,072,357   40,089,649   10,317,406   (11,570,878)   (81,557,327)   30,203,974   251,555,181


b) Dividends

As required by the Chilean Law, unless otherwise decided by the unanimous vote of the holders of all of the issued and subscribed shares, open stock corporations must distribute a cash dividend in an amount equal to at least 30% of their net income for each year, as determined in accordance with Chilean GAAP, unless and except to the extent that the Company has accumulated losses.

There are no additional restrictions on the payments of dividends under the terms of the various loan agreements with banks and other financial institutions.

c) Cumulative translation adjustment

Certain US dollar-denominated obligations are designated as economic hedges covering the exposure of foreign investments as permitted by Technical Bulletin No. 64. The exchange differences that relate to such obligations are charged directly against Shareholders’ equity to the Cumulative translation adjustment account. The detail of the cumulative translation adjustment for foreign currency gains and losses on liabilities and net investments measured in currencies other than the Chilean peso as of December 31 of each year are as follows:

  (Charges) / Credits for the years ended December 31,   Balance as of December 31,
Item 2004   2005   2006   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
Alusa S.A. (1,402,756)   (1,751,586)   192,692   (2,748,735)   (2,556,043)
Comercial Madeco S.A. (Argentina) (111,269)   (134,909)   133,421   (249,633)   (158,984)
Indeco S.A. (Peru) (1,577,514)   (2,222,962)   266,834   (1,724,495)   (1,457,661)
Metalurgica e Industrial S.A. (Argentina) (674,486)   (418,454)   55,934   10,447,317   10,503,251
Metal Overseas S.A. (Cayman Islands) (7,175,715)   (8,715,777)   1,153,136   (307,207)   845,929
Indalum S.A. -   (167,933)   -   1,963   1,963
Decker-Indelqui S.A. (Argentina) (1,061,127)   (1,080,734)   131,218   (802,463)   (671,245)
Indeco S.A. goodwill (Peru) (204,048)   (232,101)   29,518   (92,265)   (62,747)
Exchange gain on debt 252,410   152,010   -   (18,015,341)   (18,015,341)
Total (11,954,505)   (14,572,446)   1,962,753   (13,490,859)   (11,570,878)


d) Capital increases

  1. On July 1, 2004, 138,956,755 shares were subscribed and paid for a total of ThCh$ 5,697,227 at a value of Ch$ 41 per share (historical).
  1. On October 29, 2004, stock options held by certain executives for 182,147,724 shares with a value of Ch$ 24 per share were exercised, recording a capital increase of ThCh$ 4,371,545 (historical).

  1. On November 25, 2005, 907,197,242 shares were subscribed and paid for a total of ThCh$ 44,017,210 at a value of Ch$ 48.52 per share (historical).

  1. In May 2006, 192,802,758 shares were subscribed and paid for a total of ThCh$ 9,350,934 at a value of Ch$ 48.50 per share.
     

e) Contributed surplus

The detail of contributed surplus in historic values is as follows:

  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Issuance of shares registered under the number 679 of the SVS 3,196,005   -   -
Issuance of shares registered under the number 684 of the SVS 1,092,887   -   -
Issuance of shares in 2005 -   195,111   -
Share issuance costs (Note 2 u)) (113,944)   (774,759)   -
Total 4,174,948   (579,648)   -

The capital increase of May 2006 did not result in a surplus to be recorded.

f) Stock options for the compensation plans

At the Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of Madeco S.A., held on November 14, 2002, a stock-based compensation plan was agreed upon for the Company’s executives and, accordingly, 493,334,000 shares were allocated to a capital increase for that purpose.

On April 3, 2003, at an Extraordinary Board of Directors meeting, it was agreed to grant executives an option to subscribe a total of 182,147,724 shares at a price per share of Ch$ 24 exercisable between October and November 2005. The share issuance destined to the stock-based compensation plans was recorded in the securities registry on April 24, 2005 under Number 684.

On October 29, 2004, the executives exercised the portion to subscribe 182,147,724 shares at the price of Ch$ 24 per share, which was paid with their own resources on that same date. In accordance with the accounting criteria described in Note 2 v) the corresponding capital increase of ThCh$ 4,371,545 was recognized in the financial statement.

At an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on December 22, 2004, it was agreed to modify the placement value of remaining 311,186,276 allocated shares, setting a price of Ch$ 60 per share.

On January 25, 2005, the Board of Directors granted a group of executives an stock option for a total of 130,000,000 shares at a price of Ch$ 60 per share of the total shares issued for this purpose. This was formalized on May 20, 2005, through the signing of respective contracts based on the following terms:

  • The first share subscription to be exercised between September 30 and November 30, 2005.

  • The second share subscription to be exercised between September 30 and November 30, 2006.

  • The beneficiary must be an employee of Madeco on the exercise date, i.e. September 30, 2005 and 2006 respectively.

  • The option is transferable only between September 30 and November 30, 2005 and 2006 (the periods for exercising the respective options).

  • Should the controlling entity sell its control over Madeco, the beneficiaries had the right to exercise the option within 60 days of the sale date.

  • In the event of the death of the beneficiary prior to September 30, 2005, the right to subscribe would be extinguished; should the death occur after October 1, 2005, the relatives would obtain the right to subscribe and pay for the respective shares within 6 months of the date of death.

  • The options can be exercised for all or part of the shares and must be paid in cash.

  • While the shares remain un-subscribed, they grant no economic or voting rights in the company and are not considered for quorum purposes at shareholders' meetings.

These options were recorded at the grant date at their fair value of ThCh$ 263,500 determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. Volatility was estimated using historical data an empirical estimation was not possible in the absence of a market for these options. The fair value determined was to be amortized on a straight line basis as a charge to Compensation cost and a credit to Other Reserves in Shareholders’ equity over the period between the granting of the options and the date that these become vested.

On August 31, 2005, the share subscription contracts signed on May 20, 2005 between Madeco S.A. and its executives were cancelled. The unamortized amount of the stock options was fully charged to income for the year.

During June 2006, the Company reclassified the respective amount of ThCh$ 263,500 from Other Reserves to Retained Earnings, in accordance with Excerpt No. 5908 issued by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance dated June 5, 2006.

On May 30, 2006, the Board of Directors agreed to issue to a group of executives stock options for a total of 120,000,000 shares out of the shares issued for this purpose in 2002. The Share Subscription Agreement dated July 14, 2006 sets the exercise price at Ch$ 48.52 per share.

Additional terms and conditions are as follows:

  • The exercise period is from October 1, 2007 to November 12, 2007.

  • The beneficiary must be working for Madeco on the day the exercise period begins, October 1, 2007.

  • The option can not be transferred before the exercise period begins.

  • Should the controlling entity sell to a third party the control over Madeco, the beneficiaries will have the right to exercise this option within a term of 60 days from the date of the sale.

  • In the event of the death of a beneficiary on a date prior to October 1, 2006, the subscription right extinguishes. In the event of death on a date subsequent to October 1, 2006, the relatives obtain the right of subscribing and paying the respective shares within a term of 6 months from the date of death.

  • The beneficiary has the right to exercise all stock options or a portion; payment must be made in cash.

  • As long as the stock options are not exercised, they do not bear shareholders’ interest, i.e. economic benefits or voting rights.

As described in Note 2v), the Company determined the fair value of ThCh$ 687,600 for these options at the grant date using the "Black-Scholes-Merton" method and considering the following variables:

Share price at date in which the option is granted Ch$ 48.52
Liquidity effect 3.48%
Price for the year Ch$ 48.52
Annual expected volatility 23.88%
Option life (in years) 1.25
Expected dividends 0%
Free-of-risk rate 5.73 for 15 months

Volatility has been estimated based on historical information in the absence of a market for these options.

The fair value determined is recorded with a charge to Compensation cost and a credit to Other Reserves on a straight-line basis over the period between the grant date of the options and the date that these become vested. The charge to income for the year 2006 was ThCh$ 275,040.


Note 21 – Foreign currency, UF indexed and CPI restated assets and liabilities

Balances denominated or measured in foreign currencies (principally US dollars) as of December 31, 2005 and 2006 are included in these financial statements in thousands of equivalent Chilean pesos as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
Assets      
Cash and time deposits 4,067,755   4,752,638
Accounts receivable, net 43,767,045   68,389,303
Notes and accounts receivable from related companies 87,758   6,339
Inventories, net 34,174,642   51,148,213
Other current assets 4,655,405   16,517,260
Property, plant and equipment and other non-monetary assets 104,805,825   102,537,922
Other monetary assets 311,485   165,191
Total assets 191,869,915   243,516,866
Liabilities      
Short-term bank loans and current portion of long-term liabilities  19,188,815   27,477,560
Accounts and notes payable 12,851,042   19,021,173
Notes and accounts payable to related companies 38,535   55,233
Other current liabilities 7,695,233   14,666,157
Long-term debt 15,487,988   32,662,770
Other long-term liabilities 2,507,050   4,077,407
Total liabilities 57,768,663   97,960,300
Net asset position 134,101,252   145,556,566


The inventories, property, plant and equipment and other non-monetary asset balances presented above relate to assets of foreign investments for which the financial statements are translated to US dollars in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 64 as described in Note 2 s). Accordingly, from an accounting perspective only, there is an accounting exposure to changes in the exchange rate between the US dollar and the Chilean peso.

Balances denominated in UF, indexed to variations in Chilean CPI, and in Chilean peso are included in the financial statements as follows:
 

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
Assets      
Time deposits and marketable securities 553,410   548,600
Accounts receivable, net 19,680,319   26,059,724
Notes and accounts receivable from related companies 640,945   1,540,800
Inventories, net 41,678,573   46,452,860
Other current assets 12,953,892   16,868,033
Property, plant and equipment and other non-monetary assets 84,148,610   81,518,294
Other assets 43,110   276,647
Total assets 159,698,859   173,264,958
Liabilities      
Short-term bank loans and current portion of long-term liabilities 8,738,292   4,742,149
Bonds payable 29,060,348   24,763,104
Accounts and notes payable 5,559,778   5,288,131
Notes and accounts payable to related companies 8,580,537   391,372
Other current liabilities 3,954,894   4,064,662
Long-term debt 15,900,453   14,634,576
Other long-term liabilities 1,891,601   1,914,613
Total liabilities 73,685,903   55,798,607
Net asset position in UF or Chilean peso 86,012,956   117,466,351


Note 22 – Commitments and contingencies

The Company and its subsidiaries are party to various lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of its business. Management and its legal advisers consider it unlikely that any losses associated with the pending lawsuits described below will significantly affect the Company or it subsidiaries' results of operations, financial position and cash flows, although no assurance can be given to such effect.

Madeco S.A.

1) Covenants on the Company’s Management Activities or Limits to Financial Indicators:

1.1) Series D Bonds
a) The Company will have to maintain the current ratio above 1.0.
b) The Company will have to maintain equity equal to or greater than UF 7,000,000.
c) The Company’s debt to capital ratio (Debt with third parties / Equity plus minority interest) will have to be maintained in at least 1.8 times.
d) The Company’s assets free of liens must not be lower than 1.2 times the issuance unpaid amount.
e) That the Company’s controller, Quinenco S.A., maintains this status, with direct or indirect participation of at least 40% in accordance with article No. 97 of the Security Market Law, with no prejudice that Quinenco S.A. has to maintain, at all times, participation of at least 35%.

1.2) Bank Loans.

As of December 31, 2006, the Company maintains syndicated loans with financial institutions, which during the entire life of agreements and up to the date in which all and each payment obligations contained in agreements have been complied with in full, the Company is obliged to the following:

a) The Company will have to prepay the total amount of bank loans in the event that the Luksic Group does not maintain in a direct or indirect manner at least 40% of voting right shares of Madeco S.A. and the direct or indirect control of Madeco S.A. (per definition contained in Article No. 97 of Law No.18,045 of the Securities Market).b)

b) Compliance with financial ratios.

1. Net Financial Debt less Variation in Working Capital to EBITDA ratio (in respect to the last four quarters) should not exceed 3.2 times.
2. The Net Financial Debt less Variation in Working Capital to Adjusted Equity ratio will have to be lower than 0.75 times.
3. The EBITDA to Financial Expenses ratio (for the last four quarters) must be equal to or greater than 2.5 times.
4. Adjusted Equity must be at least equal to UF 7,000,000.

c) Main obligations for the Company:

1. The Debtor and its essential subsidiaries (Alusa S.A., Indalum S.A., Ficap S.A. and Indeco S.A.) will have to perform all acts required to maintain in full applicability and effect their legal existence, rights, franchises and licenses.
2. The Debtor and its essential subsidiaries will have to maintain and preserve their Essential Assets; “Essential Assets” for these purposes mean equipment, machinery and all essential elements the Debtor needs to conduct its businesses and those of the Essential Subsidiaries.
3. Designate the funds indicated in this instrument only and exclusively to finance exports and investments in assets related directly and solely to the export of its products, and the refinancing of existing financing debt.
4. The Debtor and its Essential Subsidiaries will have to meet all substantial aspects, and all laws, in respect to pollution or material waste, environmental matters which do not cause any adverse material effect.

d) Main Covenants for the Company:

1. The Debtor and its Essential Subsidiaries should not constitute any lien without the Creditors' prior and written consent.
2. The Debtor and/or its Essential Subsidiaries, without the prior and written authorization by the Creditors, will not be able to agree any mergers, absorption or incorporation and nor can they be liquidated, terminate their business activities or dissolve.
3. Not disposing of one or any or its Essential Assets in leaseback operations.
4. The Debtor and/or its Essential Subsidiaries will not be able to make any significant changes in the nature of their primary line of business without the Creditors’ prior and written consent.

2) Tax Contingencies

As of December 31, 2006, Madeco S.A. has received reimbursements from the Chilean Internal Revenue Service for tax years 2001, 2002 and 2003 related to corporate income tax differences, and income tax reimbursements from 21st article of the Income Tax Law for a total of ThCh$3,331,253 (tax amount). Company’s management, in accordance with claim terms established in the Tax Code has filed through its legal advisors the administrative procedures required to claim reimbursements in the first instance before the Tax Court; it believes that these are not applicable.

Additionally, for tax year 2004, the Company is requesting the reimbursement of ThCh$ 1,647,482, related to the remaining balance withheld by the Chilean Internal Revenue Service of ThCh$3,038,789 originally requested for the concept of tax loss absorption.

Metal Overseas and Subsidiaries

  1. In Brazil, two legal proceedings are pending which have been filed by the State Finance Secretary’s Office (Rio de Janeiro) against the prior owner of Ficap S.A., from a date prior to the acquisition of this subsidiary by Madeco S.A. in 1997. As of December 31, 2006, the total sum for claims amounts to approximately ThR$6,950. Madeco S.A. has a personal guarantee from the previous owner of Ficap S.A. related to providing compensation to the Company, should the Brazilian subsidiary be affected by these legal proceedings.
     
  2. The Company and its subsidiary Madeco Brasil Ltda. filed an arbitrage proceeding in New York before the American Arbitration Association against Corning International Corporation ("Corning Inc."), which is based in the fact that Corning Inc. had attempted to terminate without justification the agreements it assumed with the Company in respect to Optel Ltda. ("Optel"), a Brazilian company in which Corning International Corporation and Madeco Brasil Ltda. had equal participation. In its turn, Corning Inc. filed a reconventional complaint against the Company, by virtue of which it requested, among others, declaration that Corning Inc. was entitled to terminate agreements with the Company
In 2003, the Company became aware of the sentence provided in the arbitrage settlement in which, among other aspects, declared as terminated the Investment Agreement entered by the parties on June 12, 1999 which resulted in the Company losing the right to manage the company and the put option to sell its shares in Optel Ltda. to Corning Inc. at a price of US$ 18,000,000.

As of December 31, 2003, Madeco S.A. through its subsidiary Metal Overseas S.A., accrued with a charge to income the total of its participation of 50% in Optel, which it maintained through Madeco Brasil Ltda. and made provisions for other expenses due to the unfavorable sentence obtained in the aforementioned arbitrage settlement.

On March 31, 2005, Madeco S.A. through its indirect subsidiary Madeco Brasil Ltda. entered an agreement with Corning International Corporation by virtue of which it acquired at a nominal price of one Brazilian Real, 50% of ownership that Corning Inc. had in Optel. In this manner, the parties resolved the effects of the arbitrage settlement given in a proceeding followed by both companies in New York before the American Arbitration Association.

Additionally, on that same date the Company formalized an agreement with two main banks which are creditors of Optel in which 100% of these bank obligations was extinguished, equivalent to 7.3 million of United States dollars through the payment of a total sum of 2.0 million of United States dollars.

On July 19, 2006, the Company’s subsidiary Ficap S.A. has received a procedure related to a infraction filed by the State Finance Secretary’s Office (Rio de Janeiro) for tax years 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, related to income tax differences for a total of ThR$18,550 (approximately ThUS$8,571), which, according to the Company’s legal advisors, present no risk of significant losses.

Armat S.A.

As of December 31, 2006, there are pending lawsuits filed against this company related to those for normal business activities and operations, which, in the opinion of the company’s legal advisors, present no risk of significant losses.

Indalum S.A. and subsidiaries

  1. The Company and its subsidiaries present no indirect guarantees as of December 31, 2006 and 2005.
  2. There are no lawsuits or other legal proceedings filed against the Company and its subsidiaries.
  3. In conformity with the negotiation performed by the Company as of December 29, 2003, with Banco de Chile, Banco de Credito Inversiones, BancoEstado and Banco Security the following covenants were established, which will apply for the period between the aforementioned date and December 26, 2010.
3.1) Maintain in June and December of each year, based on the consolidated financial statements, in accordance with the respective FECU format report dated June 30 and December 31 of each year the following financial indicators:

a) Indebtedness or leverage ratio not greater than 1.2 times.
b) Restated minimum capital for the amount equivalent to UF 1,630,000.

3.2) Maintain the ownership of property, plant and equipment required for the normal development of its business activities and operations and businesses and maintain the ownership of the subsidiary Alumco S.A.

3.3) Not pledging or mortgaging or constitute any guarantee or actual right on any property, plant and equipment item owned by Indalum S.A. or by its subsidiaries except for those guarantees on assets that are acquired in the future and which are granted as guarantee for the financing of the acquisition of these assets.

3.4) Not providing any personal guarantee or collateral to ensure compliance with any obligation, debt, liability or commitment assumed by any person or entity other than Indalum S.A. or its subsidiaries without the Creditors’ prior and written consent.

3.5) Not paying or distributing dividends which exceed 30% of net income for each year except with the prior and written consent by the creditors.

3.6) Not granting direct financing to third parties other than those related to the normal scope of operations. This concept of direct financing does not include accounts receivable related to merchandise of Indalum S.A. with its customers or loans to its executives and employees of Indalum S.A. or of its subsidiaries.

3.7) Should the Company dispose the properties located at Avda. Vitacura No.2736, Office 301 in the commune of Vitacura, and at Santa Marta No. 1313 in the commune of Maipu, the debtor will have to designate the total sum of the sales price for these properties to prepayment at a prorate amount of the balance of restructured obligations. In August 2006, the Company disposed of the property located at Santa Marta No. 1313 for which the banks agreed upon as an exception, and released the Company from before mentioned restriction related to this property.

3.8) Indalum S.A. can pay the loan currently owed to its Parent Company Madeco S.A. only if it has complied with all covenants which it assumes by virtue of the agreement or that resources are provided by the sale of the properties indicated above.

3.9) Madeco S.A. must have the direct or indirect control of the ownership of Indalum S.A. or have at least 50.1% ownership during the life of the agreement.

As of December 31, 2006, the Company has complied with all these covenants.

  1. Tax Contingencies

4.1) As of December 31, 2006, Indalum S.A. has received reimbursements for a sum of ThCh$ 327,810 (tax amount) from the Chilean Internal Revenue Service for tax years 1999 to 2003 related to corporate income tax differences. Company’s management, in accordance with claim terms established in the Tax Code, has began through its legal advisors the administrative proceedings required to claim in the first instance before the Tax Court the reimbursements applied, as it deems they are not applicable.

4.2) As of December 31, 2006, the Chilean IRS is in the process of reviewing the value added tax assessment for the periods from July to December 1999, February and August 2001, that originally amounted to ThCh$ 261,288.

As of December 31, 2006, Ingewall S.A. has received a resolution from the Chilean IRS for tax years 2001 and 2002 related to the modification of tax loss carryforwards. Company's management, in accordance with claim terms established in the Tax Code, has filed through its legal advisors the administrative procedures to claim the resolution applied in the first instance before the Tax Court, as it considers that it is not applicable.

Alusa S.A. and subsidiaries

  1. As of December 31, 2006, the Company has the following covenants and/or restrictions related to the syndicated loan with Banco de Chile and Banco Estado for a sum of UF 300,000 (historical value):
1.1) Maintain in its consolidated and financial statements the following financial indicators: Leverage; i.e., indebtedness level in which total liabilities does not exceed equity by 0.75 times. For these purposes, equity will be considered net of intangible assets and technical appraisals on assets.

1.2) Minimum equity of UF 1,765,000.

1.3) Not make any actual guarantee on its assets or any personal guarantees in favor of other creditors different from the group of banks without the prior and written consent of the banks, unless these guarantees are also provided in favor of the group of creditor banks under the same conditions and preference degree than those provided for the remaining creditors who are the beneficiaries of these guarantees.

This prohibition excludes those actual guarantees which Alusa S.A. makes on assets it acquires in the future, which are intended to secure the financing obtained for the acquisition of these assets.

1.4) Not maintain accounts receivable from its Argentine subsidiary Aluflex S.A., which relate to transactions outside the normal scope of the Company’s business, except if prior and written authorization is obtained from the group of banks. In their turn, accounts receivable with its subsidiary Aluflex S.A. related to normal scope of operations could not exceed a total of US$600,000 except if the Company obtains prior and written consent from the creditor banks.

  1. During December 31, 2006 the Company met all these covenants and had an exception provided by the group of banks for No. 4).
- Loan for export Banco Security U.F. 163,000 (historical value).

- Loan with Banco Estado for U.F. 52,000 (historical value).

To guarantee these additional loans obtained, Alusa S.A. will have to meet the following restrictions:

2.1) Madeco S.A. must be the direct or indirect owner of, at least 50.1% of voting right capital of Alusa S.A., during the duration of these loans.

  1. On December 26, 2006, Alusa S.A. became the guarantor and collateral of Aluflex S.A. for a loan granted by Banco del Desarrollo to this company for the amount of US$4,000,000. Principal owed is payable in January 2010.
     
  2. Tax Contingencies
To date, Alusa S.A. has received reimbursements from the Chilean IRS for tax years 2001, 2002 and 2003, related to corporate income tax differences for a total sum of ThCh$ 281,263 (tax amount).

Company’s management, in accordance with claim terms established in the Tax Code, has filed through its legal advisors the administrative procedures required to claim the reimbursements in the first instance before the Tax Court, as it believes these are not applicable.

Comercial Madeco S.A. and subsidiaries

Metacab S.A. (a subsidiary of Decker Indelqui S.A.) has received claims generated in the Ownership Participation Program according to the purchase agreement signed with the former ECA Company, a company owned by the State of Argentina. The by-laws of Metacab S.A. provided that the owners of 6% of share capital must be organized under a Participation Ownership Program, to which the Company’s employees could adhere, provided that they met certain requirements. This plan was never implemented. Currently, the former employees of this Company have filed a complaint alleging the inadequate business management which gave rise to the Company’s losses in the past and damaged the beneficiaries of the aforementioned program. As a result of these claims, among other restrictions, there were attachments on the plant located in Lomas de Zamora and certain pieces of machinery of this Company. To date, the Company’s legal advisors believe it is not possible to estimate the probability of resolution of this contingency and have indicated that this amount cannot be determined.

Indeco S.A.

Currently, the Company is party to different legal proceedings (labor, tax, municipal and civil claims) related to its operations for approximately ThCh$41,526 (ThCh$84,650 as of December 31, 2005). Likewise, the Company is in the process of claiming before the National Superintendency of Tax Administration - SUNAT for the supposed erroneous determination of the balance in favor of the benefit of recovery of general sales tax in respect to exports performed in August 2004. The amount questioned and collected by SUNAT was approximately ThCh$147,472, which is included under Trade accounts receivable and others, net in the Balance sheet as of December 31, 2006. In Company’s management’s opinion and in the opinion of its legal advisors, there are solid grounds which allow concluding that the final outcome of these proceedings will not represent significant expenses for the Company and therefore the Company has not made any provision for these proceedings as of December 31, 2006 and 2005.

Direct Guarantees
 

        Balance pending payment   Release of guarantee
  Company Transaction   2005 2006   2007 2008 2009
                   
        ThCh$ ThCh$   ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$
AGUAS ANDINAS S.A. Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   19,525 -   - - -
CHILEAN ADMINISTRATION Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   3,982 3,739   3,739 - -
CIA. AMERICANA DE MULTISERVICIOS Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   723,545 208,538   208,538 - -
CIA. AMERICANA DE MULTISERVICIOS Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   23,129 7,721   7,721 - -
CIA. DE TELECOMUNICACIONES DE CHILE S.A. Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   276,639 -   - - -
CIA. MINERA RIOCHILEX S.A. Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   11,053 11,246   11,246 - -
CMPC CELULOSA S.A. Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   51,435 -   - - -
CORPORACION NACIONAL DEL COBRE Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   7,969 500   500 - -
CORPORACION NACIONAL DEL COBRE Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   222,198 234,060   234,060 - -
FAM AMERICA LATINA Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   65,001 67,292   67,292 - -
HQI TRANSLEC CHILE Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   2,612 -   - - -
METSO PAPER Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 28,587   28,587 - -
MINERA ESCONDIDA Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   4,929 -   - - -
MINERA SPENCER S.A. Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   3,206 3,262   3,262 - -
MINERA LOS PELAMBRES Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 67,301   - 67,301 -
MINERA SAN CRISTOBAL Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 170,238   - 170,238 -
MITSUBISHI CORP. SUCURSAL CHILE CONST. Y PROYECTOS Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 68,838   68,838 - -
OUTOKUMPU Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   8,773 -   - - -
S.Q. M. INDUSTRIAL S.A. Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 3,530   3,530 - -
SQM SALAR S.A. Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 2,693   1,396 1,297 -
TECHINT CHILE SA. Madeco S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 23,299   23,299 - -

Indirect Guarantees
 

        Balance pending payment   Release of guarantee
  Company Transaction   2005 2006   2007 2008 2009
                   
        ThCh$ ThCh$   ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$
CENTRAL BANK OF COSTA RICA Armat S.A. Compliance with sales order   21,192 -   - - -
CENTRAL BANK OF CHILE Armat S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 212,956   212,956 - -
CENTRAL BANK OF GUATEMALA Armat S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 319,434   319,434 - -
CHILEAN ADMINISTRATION Armat S.A. Compliance with sales order   1,989 675,477   675,477 - -
ARGENTINE ADMINISTRATION Armat S.A. Compliance with sales order   446,997 -   - - -
CODELCO Armat S.A. Compliance with sales order   2,157 997   - 997 -
Alunorte Alumina do Brasil Ficap S.A. Bond   - 292,864   292,864 - -
ANDE Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 32,949   32,949 - -
Asltom Brasil Ltda Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 71,484   - 71,484 -
ATE II Trans. de Energia S/A Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 61,711   - 61,711 -
AUREA SEG/BCO SANTOS/INTER-ATLÂNTICO/ITAU BBA/SANTANDER Ficap S.A. Bond   1,067,714 -   - - -
Conseorcio PRA 1 Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 6,905   - 6,905 -
Consorcio Lummus Ficap S.A. Bond   - 106,287   106,287 - -
CPFL Comercialização Brasil Ficap S.A. Bond   - 66,029   66,029 - -
Elecnor S/A Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 185,081   185,081 - -
Elecnor S/A Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 185,081   185,081 - -
Elecnor S/A Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 100,606   100,606 - -
Eletronorte Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 21,166   21,166 - -
Enerbrasil Energ Ren.do Brasil Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 39,845   39,845 - -
Enerbrasil Energ Ren.do Brasil Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 50,799   50,799 - -
Energ Power Ltda Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 14,754   - 14,754 -
Energ Power Ltda Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 1,803   - 1,803 -
FICAP S.A (MATRIZ) Ficap S.A. Bond   - 498,026   498,026 - -
Kvaerner Do Brasil Ltda Ficap S.A. Bond   - 203,000   203,000 - -
Michelin Partic. Ind. Comercio Ficap S.A. Bond   - 482,274   482,274 - -
Michelin Partic. Ind. Comercio Ficap S.A. Bond   - 53,586   53,586 - -
Obras Y Desarollo S/A Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 12,634   12,634 - -
Obras Y Desarollo S/A Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 13,592   - 13,592 -
Porto Primavera Transm. Energia Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 11,529   - 11,529 -
Promon Eng Ltda Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 14,322   - 14,322 -
SAFRA Ficap S.A. Legal guarantee   563,452 1,044,507   - - 1,044,507
Serra da Mesa Transm. Energia Ficap S.A. Bond   - 249,159   249,159 - -
Serra de Mesa Transm. Energ. Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 498,317   498,317 - -
SUDAMERIS/
SANTANDER
Ficap S.A. Contract Performance International Public Bidding Agreement   58,135 -   - - -
Vila do Conde Transm.Energ. Ficap S.A. Compliance with sales order   - 5,237   5,237 - -
DIRECCION DE VIALIDAD Indalum S.A. Guarantee deposit   - 803   - - -


Note 23 – Non-operating income and expenses

Non-operating income and expenses for each year are summarized as follows:

  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Non-operating income          
Gain on sale of investments in other companies 6,592   -   -
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment 60,991   197,099   16,646
Net gain from sale of disposable assets -   -   31,627
Reversal of allowance for receivables due from Optel Ltda. -   355,075   -
Recovery of tax benefits in foreign subsidiaries 44,208   512,756   -
Reversal of allowance for investment in Optel Ltda. -   519,976   -
Release of provision for expenses related to Optel Ltda. 625,487   674,885   -
Gain on sale of Alufoil trademarks 664,431   -   -
Other 135,835   109,522   68,379
Total 1,537,544   2,369,313   116,652
           
Non-operating expenses          
Staff severance indemnity payments related to restructuring -   278,347   -
Obsolescence and write-offs of other long-term assets 396,631   246,004   932,608
Adjustment to realizable value of assets held for sale (Note 10) 416,360   247,455   293,689
Provision for closure and valuation on assets Ingewall and Uruguay 80,841   39,804   -
Provision for lawsuit 47,971   100,461   17,327
Accrual for contingent liabilities and lawsuits 224,317   -   -
Valuation allowance (write-down) for property, plant          
and equipment - Argentina 85,955   -   -
Valuation allowance (write-down) for other assets - Argentina 213,468   -   -
Depreciation of inactive assets – Argentina (1) 2,372,187   1,381,882   940,462
Allowance for investment in Optel Ltda. and related provisions -   -   -
Government fines, taxes and interest from foreign subsidiaries -   927,508   650,542
Other 55,818   124,773   16,955
Total 3,893,548   3,346,234   2,851,583

(1) Corresponds to depreciation of property, plant and equipment (Note 10) and inactive assets (Note 13).


Note 24 – Balances and transactions with related parties

Balances with related companies at December 31 of each year are as follows:

a) Current assets

      As of December 31,
      2005   2006
Company Nature of relationship Nature of transaction ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Cobrecon S.A. Equity method investment Loan 87,758   3,821
Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales 176,534   201,639
Sodimac S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales 376,693   987,990
Calaf S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales 24,873   29,153
Minera Michilla S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales -   54,843
Minera Los Pelambre S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales 898   189,578
Alte S.A. Controlled by Minority Interest Holder Sales 31,718   54,520
Other related Companies Various Various 30,229   25,595
Total     728,703   1,547,139

b) Current liabilities

      As of December 31,
      2005   2006
Company Nature of relationship Nature of transaction ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Colada Continua Chilena S.A. Equity method investment Purchases 292,352   216,916
Minera Michilla S.A. Shareholder Purchases 77,463   109,325
Quinenco S.A. Parent Company Loan 8,184,801   -
Cobrecon S.A. Equity method investment Loan 38,535   55,232
Sodimac S.A. Member of Controlling Group Loan 15,189   49,821
Other related Companies Various Various 10,732   15,311
Total     8,619,072   446,605

In accordance with Article 89 of the Chilean Companies Act, the Company’s transactions with related parties must be carried out under market conditions. Short-term receivables and payables relate to current accounts and do not accrue interest.

Additionally, cash, long-term debt and its current portion, as well as fixed assets under capital leases and related miscellaneous payables, include the balances of transactions with Banco de Chile and its related companies, and with Banco Latinoamericano de Exportaciones S.A. (Brazil). These financial institutions are related companies under common control, however, respective balances have been classified according to the nature of the underlying transaction to present fairly the character of these relations.

e) Significant transactions with related parties are summarized as follows:
 

      Revenue (Expenses) for the years ended December 31,
Company Nature of relationship Transaction 2004   2005   2006
      ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
               
Alte S.A. Controlled by Minority Interest Holder Sales
Purchases
166,792
-
  128,207
(20)
  161,113
(16,344)
Almacenes Paris Comercial Member of Controlling Group Purchases -   (205)   -
Artikos Chile S.A. Member of Controlling Group Services -   (1,353)   (1,152)
Banchile Corredores de Bolsa. Member of Controlling Group Interest -   21,955   27,325
Banco de Chile Member of Controlling Group Interest (395,260)   (339,952)   (250,636)
Banco Latinoamericano - Bladex Member of Controlling Group Interest -   -   (148,067)
Calaf S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales 97,711   56,274   53,391
CNT Telefonica del Sur S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales 332,220   138,742   109,157
Cobrecon Equity Method investment Sales 0   0   28,573
Colada Continua Chilena S.A. Equity method investment Sales 38,368   (86,050)   178,801
Embotelladoras Chilenas Unidas S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales
Purchases
834,268
(8,180)
  661,219
(8,145)
  808,463
(6,240)
Entel S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales
Purchases
8,978
(31,914)
  -
(51,866)
  -
(49,574)
Falabella S.A.C.I. Member of Controlling Group Purchases -   (1,733)   -
Gianfranco Zechetto Member of Controlling Group Sales -   28   -
Sodimac S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales
Purchases
5,219,643
-
  4,207,102
-
  5,695,559 (187,397)
Minera El Tesoro Member of Controlling Group Sales 72,124   50,540   46,050
Minera Los Pelambres S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales 434,515   186,780   1,229,629
Minera Michilla S.A. Shareholder Sales
Interest
71,637
(2,789)
  62,983
-
  67,930
-
Quinenco S.A. Parent Company Loan indexation
Interest
(163,134) (255,655)   (295,942) (292,130)   (60,473) (151,631)
Transportes CCU Ltda. Member of Controlling Group Sales 3,422   -   180,749
Vending y Servicios CC Member of Controlling Group Services -   -   (2,017)
Vina San Pedro S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales
Purchases
93,403
-
  124,799
(1,971)
  2,686
(3,419)
Inmobiliaria Norte Verde S.A. Member of Controlling Group Purchases (39,569)   (21,925)   (11,203)
Lucchetti Chile S.A. Member of Controlling Group Sales 10,715   -   -
Peruplast S.A. Equity method investment Sales -   -   3,551
Others Various Various 27,185   52,687   5,055

In accordance with Article 89 of the Chilean Companies Act, the Company’s transactions with related parties must be carried out under market conditions.


Note 25 – Minority Interest

Minority shareholders’ investment participation in the shareholders’ equity of the Company’s subsidiaries as of each year-end is as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
Balance Sheet      
Alusa S.A. 8,959,141   9,781,700
Indalum S.A. 233,987   245,319
Indeco S.A. 1,228,037   1,440,717
Total 10,421,165   11,467,736

The equity participation of minority shareholders’ in the net results from operations of the Company’s subsidiaries for each year is as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
Income Statement          
Alusa S.A. (639,113)   (522,066)   (1,022,098)
Distribuidora Boliviana Indalum S.A. 15,331   313   688
Indalum S.A. (16,617)   (17,506)   (11,333)
Indeco S.A. (227,250)   (212,604)   (505,410)
Inversiones Alusa S.A. (374)   -   -
Minority interest participation in net loss (868,023)   (751,863)   (1,538,153)


Note 26 – Expenses for issuance and placement of shares and debt instruments

The expenses related to the issuance of shares that were charged to Shareholders’ equity are as follows:

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Commission for capital stock issuance 671,931   -
Financial advisory expenses 83,365   -
Fee with SVS registry 14,652   -
Other expenses 4,811   -
Total expenses (1) 774,759   -

(1) Amounts presented in historical Chilean pesos.


Note 27 – Derivative Contracts

As of December 31, 2005 and 2006 the details of derivative contracts recorded in conformity with Note 2 t) are as follows:

            As of December 31, 2005
Type Nominal amount Period of maturity Item Sales / Purchase Hedged item Amount Effect in Income
  ThCh$         ThCh$ ThCh$
               
Forward 4,061,071 1st Quarter 06 Exchange rate Purchase Inventory 3,991,449 72,325
Swap 3,012,019 1st Quarter 06 Exchange rate Purchase Loans 2,960,380 15,965
Swap 137,280 1st Quarter 06 Interest rate Purchase Loans 134,926 31
Swap 1,758,028 2nd Quarter 06 Exchange rate Purchase Loans 1,727,888 22,685
Swap 505,771 4th Quarter 06 Exchange rate Purchase Loans 497,201 4,815
Swap 1,052,576 1st Quarter 07 Exchange rate Purchase Loans 1,034,530 (8,326)
Swap 532,390 2nd Quarter 07 Exchange rate Purchase Loans 523,263 4,990
Swap 1,569,545 4th Quarter 07 Interest rate Purchase Loans 1,542,636 (7,733)
            Total 104,751

            As of December 31, 2006
Type Nominal amount Period of maturity Item Sales / Purchase Hedged item Amount Effect in Income Unrealized gain/loss
  ThCh$         ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$
Swap 5,964,746 1st Quarter 07 Exchange rate Purchase Loans 5,964,747 (361,699) -
Forward 355,903 1st Quarter 07 LME CU Purchase Cash flow 355,903 - 167,809
Forward 394,182 1st Quarter 07 Exchange rate Purchase Cash flow 394,181 - (39,000)
Asian Options 4,728,548 1st Quarter 07 Copper Purchase Inventory 4,185,915 586,028 -
Swap 2,830,969 1st Quarter 07 Copper Purchase Inventory 2,511,549 328,303 -
Swap 1,810,978 2nd Quarter 07 Exchange rate Purchase Loans 1,810,978 (197,094) -
Forward 2,627,062 2nd Quarter 07 Exchange rate Purchase Loans 2,627,062 (433,610) -
Swap 496,953 2nd Quarter 07 Exchange rate Purchase Loans 496,953 (44,895) -
Forward 253,950 2nd Quarter 07 LME CU Purchase Cash flow 253,950 - (866)
Forward 2,183,598 2nd Quarter 07 LME AL Purchase Cash flow 2,183,597 - 168,036
Swap 2,616,926 2nd Quarter 07 Copper Purchase Inventory 2,511,549 110,913 -
Swap 1,401,613 3rd Quarter 07 Exchange rate Purchase Loans 1,401,613 (86,232) -
Forward 253,950 3rd Quarter 07 LME CU Purchase Cash flow 253,950 (2) (754)
Forward 2,218,442 3rd Quarter 07 LME AL Purchase Cash flow 2,218,442 - 133,062
Swap 2,554,021 3rd Quarter 07 Copper Purchase Inventory 2,511,550 15,422 -
Swap 1,569,545 4th Quarter 07 Interest rate Purchase Loans 1,569,545 (20,613) -
Swap 306,160 4th Quarter 07 Exchange rate Purchase Loans 306,160 (22,587) -
Forward 253,950 4th Quarter 07 LME CU Purchase Cash flow 253,950 - (2,037)
Forward 554,351 4th Quarter 07 LME AL Purchase Cash flow 554,351 - 37,171
Swap 8,607,806 2nd Quarter 08 Interest rat Purchase Loans 8,715,690 160 -
Swap 1,186,825 2nd Quarter 08 Exchange rate Purchase Loans 1,186,825 (120,294) -
Swap 11,008,777 2nd Quarter 11 Interest rate Purchase Loan in USD 11,367,046 (14,314) -
            Total (260,514) 463,421


Note 28 – Subsequent events

  1. As of February 12, 2007, a contract was signed between Madeco S.A. and the Republic of Colombia, in which the Company acquired 80% of the shares of Sociedad Cedsa S.A., for a total of US$ 3.7 million, paid in cash.

  1. On March 1, 2007, the Company’s subsidiary Alusa S.A. acquired 10,984,402 shares of Peruplast S.A. and 12,228,371 shares of Tech-Pak S.A. of whose shares it already held 25% and 25.6%, respectively. The purchase price for Peruplast S.A. and Tech-Pak S.A. was US$ 3.19 million and US$ 5.29 million, respectively, which was paid in cash. As a result of these acquisitions, Alusa became a 39.5% shareholder of Peruplast S.A. and a 50% shareholder of Tech-Pak S.A.

Concurrently, Nexus Group, a Peruvian investor, signed individual sales contracts, whereby it would acquire the requisite number of shares of Peruplast S.A. and Tech-Pak S.A. necessary to hold interests in each of these companies which is equal to those held by Alusa S.A. On the date that the payments were made and the shares were transferred, Alusa S.A. and Nexus Group entered into a shareholders agreement which designated the management of both of the acquired companies.

Thereafter, both Alusa S.A. and Nexus Group received a commitment from Shintec S.A. for the sale of its complete holdings in Peruplast S.A., which would be purchased in equal proportions by Alusa S.A. and Nexus Group. At that time, Alusa S.A. would be a 50% shareholder of Peruplast S.A.

  1. At the Annual Shareholders’ Meeting on April 24, 2007, the Board of Directors informed the shareholders that a change in the dividend policy, reducing the dividend rate from 50% to 30% of net income, had been approved by the Board on March 28, 2007.

In addition, the Board called a Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting, to absorb the accumulated losses by reduction of the share capital. This proposal was accepted and approved at the Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on April 24, 2007.

The management is unaware of any other significant subsequent events that occurred in the period from January 1, 2007 to the date of the issuance of the financial statements that may affect the Company’s financial position or the interpretation of these financial statements.


Note 29 – Guarantees received from third parties

As of December 31, 2005 and 2006, the Company holds the following guarantees from third parties:

Guarantor Relationship Type of guarantee As of December 31,
      2005   2006
      ThCh$   ThCh$
ALUCENTER Customer Mortgage guarantee 16,336   -
ANGEL ARAVENA Customer Pledge 30,834   30,200
ARRIAZA ROMO LUIS Customer Credit limit guarantee 10,210   10,000
ASEGURADORES DE CAUCIONES SA Customer Advance guarantee -   727,133
ASEGURADORES DE CAUCIONES SA Customer Advance guarantee -   3,959,559
CHUBB ARGENTINA DE SEG. SA Customer Agreement compliance -   48,167
CHUBB ARGENTINA DE SEG. SA Customer Agreement compliance -   10,031
CHUBB ARGENTINA DE SEG. SA Customer Agreement compliance -   170,711
CHUBB ARGENTINA DE SEG. SA Customer Agreement compliance -   709,598
CHUBB ARGENTINA DE SEG. SA Customer Offer maintenance -   90,187
CRISTALES Y ALUMINIOS S.A. Customer Promissory note 176,182   176,029
DANIEL VALVERDE Customer Industrial lien 116,713   116,609
DINAVID LTDA. Customer Mortgage guarantee 18,569   -
ELECTROMECANICA INDUSTRIAL S.A. Customer Lease guarantee 7,341   7,334
ELFLE COMERCIAL LTDA. Customer Credit limit guarantee 71,470   70,000
ERNESTO RETAMAL Customer Mortgage guarantee 2,793   2,736
FERBRAS S.A. Customer Checks 122,520   120,000
FIANZA Y CREDITO SA Customer Agreement compliance -   137,005
ETC COMERCIO E REPRESENTAÇÕES LTDA Customer Bank guarantee -   249,013
CENTELHA EQUIPAMENTOS ELETRICOS LTDA Customer Bank guarantee -   249,013
EMPROCIL EMP. PROJETOS CONST. INST. ELET. LTDA Customer Bank guarantee -   249,013
GTIA.DE BUSINESS RECOVERY LTDA Customer Lease guarantee 7,658   7,500
ICOSYP LTDA. Customer Checks -   162,526
IND. CASALU Y CIA. LTDA. Customer Credit limit guarantee 30,630   -
IND. DE RADIADIORES GALLARDO Customer Credit limit guarantee 30,630   30,000
IND. NAC. DE PIEZAS Y PARTES Customer Credit limit guarantee 38,886   38,086
IVAN MATURANA Customer Vehicle 2,042   2,000
JUAN C. INOSTROZA CARRASCO Customer Checks 6,126   6,000
KITCHEN PACK LTDA. Customer Credit limit guarantee 82,908   81,203
LUIGI LOTITO Y CIA. LTDA. Customer Credit limit pledge 36,690   37,329
NELIDA PATRICIA OLAVE HERRERA Customer Credit limit guarantee 6,739   -
PEDRO GAJARDO Customer Mortgage guarantee 2,748   2,691
RUBEN RIOJAS Customer Pledge 1,021   1,000
SIALUM Customer Mortgage guarantee 2,449   2,399
SOC. COMERCIAL LIAR Customer Mortgage guarantee 40,873   -
SOC.ING. Y CONST. INDUCON Customer Mortgage guarantee 37,402   36,633
TITO ALVARADO Suppliers Installments 93,597   93,516
VIDRIO S Y ALUMINIO ALUCENTER Customer Mortgage guarantee -   16,000
WOOD-ES ING. PLASTICOS LTDA. Customer Credit limit guarantee 20,420   20,000
    Total 1,013,787    7,669,221 


Note 30 – Local and foreign currency

The required disclosures of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, and the non-monetary assets that are measured in U.S. dollars or Non-indexed Chilean pesos, are as follows:
 

    As of December 31,
  Currency of Measurement 2005   2006
    ThCh$   ThCh$
Cash Non-indexed Chilean pesos 400,260   242,581
  US dollars 2,530,024   1,779,203
  Argentine pesos 261,777   779,099
  Brazilian real 779,082   1,235,454
  Peruvian sol 182,481   258,318
  Euros 198,471   426,521
  Other currencies 19,815   12,491
Time Deposits Brazilian real 96,105   261,552
Marketable securities Non-indexed Chilean pesos 153,150   306,019
Trade accounts receivable, net Non-indexed Chilean pesos 15,657,830   21,566,542
  US dollars 20,942,057   39,671,314
  Argentine pesos 896,027   1,150,098
  Brazilian real 17,564,403   20,407,425
  Peruvian sol 555,458   133,175
  Euros 1,056,260   738,743
  Other currencies 10,598   10,689
Notes receivable, net Non-indexed Chilean pesos 3,310,361   3,199,983
  Indexed Chilean pesos 41,610   10,744
  US dollars 412,699   426,179
  Argentine pesos 779,512   1,508,127
  Other currencies 30,050   30,574
Other receivables, net Non-indexed Chilean pesos 465,271   1,013,302
  Indexed Chilean pesos 205,247   269,153
  US dollars 299,540   691,182
  Argentine pesos 260,302   2,654,124
  Brazilian real 691,407   534,754
  Peruvian sol 268,732   432,920
Notes and accounts receivables from related companies Non-indexed Chilean pesos 640,945   1,540,800
  US dollars 87,758   6,339
Inventories, net Non-indexed Chilean pesos 41,678,573   46,452,860
  US dollars 902,164   1,631,348
  Argentine pesos 4,950,928   8,941,178
  Brazilian real 16,819,963   27,000,801
  Peruvian sol 11,501,587   13,574,886
Recoverable taxes, net Non-indexed Chilean pesos 4,537,693   4,920,005
  Brazilian real 1,194,959   3,639,750
  Peruvian sol 427,119   827,683
  Other currencies 214,072   4,632
Prepaid expenses Non-indexed Chilean pesos 91,719   140,712
  Indexed Chilean pesos 39,874   117,450
  Argentine pesos 102,772   67,540
  Brazilian real 150,950   119,006
  Peruvian sol 25,302   39.040

    As of December 31,
  Currency of Measurement 2005   2006
    ThCh$   ThCh$
Deferred income taxes, net Non-indexed Chilean pesos 1,089,833   2,480,803
  Argentine pesos 135,998   894,909
  Brazilian real 2,170,409   2,056,846
  Peruvian sol -   142,048
Other current assets Non-indexed Chilean pesos 6,839,486   8,871,247
  Indexed Chilean pesos 355,287   337,816
  US dollars 97,529   8,041,098
  Argentine pesos 12,801   2,910
  Brazilian real 123,494   681,798
Total current assets   162,259,744   232,283,770

Land Non-indexed Chilean pesos 3,551,566   4,678,384
  US dollars 6,903,326   7,031,108
Buildings and infrastructure Non-indexed Chilean pesos 22,153,934   22,752,059
  US dollars 29,702,664   31,138,864
Machinery and equipment Non-indexed Chilean pesos 96,872,067   95,356,099
  US dollars 113,395,997   119,667,933
Others property, plant and equipment Non-indexed Chilean pesos 20,521,228   22,007,678
  US dollars 9,935,279   10,661,413
Revaluation from technical appraisals Non-indexed Chilean pesos 5,768,665   5,247,826
  US dollars 7,688,050   7,822,157
Depreciation (less) Non-indexed Chilean pesos (72,770,604)   (73,887,468)
US dollars (95,815,999)   (104,527,652)
Total property, plant and equipment, net   147,906,173   147,948,401

Investments in related companies Non-indexed Chilean pesos 1,511,993   1,512,465
  US dollars 6,073,783   6,807,877
  Peruvian sol 644,329   664,263
Investments in others companies Non-indexed Chilean pesos 15,872   15,543
  Brazilian real 2,694,465   3,536,920
  Peruvian sol 11,708   11,912
Goodwill, net Non-indexed Chilean pesos 1,167,187   987,349
  US dollars 17,711,164   16,478,705
Negative goodwill, net US dollars (500,477)   (482,755)
Long-term notes and accounts receivable Non-indexed Chilean pesos 43,110   276,647
  Argentine pesos 9,481   9,076
  Brazilian real 302,004   156,115
Intangible assets, net Non-indexed Chilean pesos 166,752   135,964
  US dollars 2,456   1,840
  Brazilian real 50,994   57,940
  Peruvian sol 156,711   116,676
Others Non-indexed Chilean pesos 4,411,272   2,091,740
  Indexed Chilean pesos 778,678   620,655
  US dollars 2,599,260   1,652,376
  Argentine pesos 227,257   432,976
  Brazilian real 3,324,072   1,464,570
  Other currencies 785   799
Total other assets   41,402,856   36,549,653
Total assets   351,568,773   416,781,824

    90 days   90 days to 1 year
    As of December 31, 2005 As of December 31, 2006   As of December 31, 2005 As of December 31, 2006
Current liabilities Currency of measurement ThCh$ Rate % ThCh$ Rate %   ThCh$ Rate % ThCh$ Rate %
                     
Short-term bank loans Non-indexed Chilean pesos 1,052,406 6.55 1,176,565 6.11   4,736,557 6.83 - -
  US dollars 8,261,552 5.45 5,998,494 5.93   5,046,215 4.95 5,292,606 5.95
  Argentine pesos - - 697 8.8   - - - -
  Brazilian real 152,302 22.09 845,768 14.3   830,188 21.77 - -
  Peruvian sol 2,110,349 4.08 1,195,825 5.27   2,079,665 5.2 930,823 5.7
  Euros 79,075 3.22 49,731 6.45   - - - -
  Other currencies - - - -   593,414 1.5 - -
Current portion of long-term bank loans Non-indexed Chilean pesos - - - -   267,205 6.02 - -
  Indexed Chilean pesos - - 697,095 5.65   2,265,645 7.33 2,381,873 3.14
  US dollars 34,110 - 1,201,094 5.22   - - 7,468,641 3.72
  Brazilian real - - - -   - - 3,991,039 3.64
  Other currencies - - - -   - - 501,094 2.52
Current portion of bonds payable Indexed Chilean pesos - - - -   4,343,590 5 4,536,996 5
Current portion of long-term obligations Indexed Chilean pesos 102,686 6.84 1,175 0.16   313,793 6.76 485,441 4.8
  US dollars 472 8.14 521 0.08   1,473 8.14 1,227 0.08
Dividends payable Non-indexed Chilean pesos 2,596 - - -   - - - -
  Peruvian sol - - 82,882 -   - - - -
Accounts payable Non-indexed Chilean pesos 5,471,982 - 5,109,424 -   18,204 - - -
  Indexed Chilean pesos 6,916 - 32,483 -   - - - -
  US dollars 6,963,964 - 10,465,297 -   - - - -
  Argentine pesos 832,322 - 1,162,898 -   - - - -
  Brazilian real 3,072,644 - 4,622,072 -   - - - -
  Peruvian sol 207,686 - 229,412 -   - - - -
  Euros 796,312 - 131,655 -   - - - -
  Yens - - 344,741 -   - - - -
  Other currencies 2,461 - 145,007 -   - - - -

    90 days   90 days to 1 year
    As of December 31, 2005 As of December 31, 2006   As of December 31, 2005 As of December 31, 2006
Current liabilities Currency of measurement ThCh$ Rate % ThCh$ Rate %   ThCh$ Rate % ThCh$ Rate %
                     
Notes payable US dollars 617,593 - 1,011,166 -   2,334 12.25 2,286 12.25
  Argentine pesos 55,152 - 260,223 -   - - - -
Other payables Non-indexed Chilean pesos 59,711 - 141,321 -   - - - -
  Indexed Chilean pesos - - 4,903 -   - - - -
  US dollars 182,414 - 525,568 4.98   - - - -
  Argentine pesos 555 - 1,289 -   - - - -
  Brazilian real 117,605 - 36,677 -   - - - -
Notes and accounts payable to related parties Non-indexed Chilean pesos 395,736 - 391,372 8.85   - - - -
  Indexed Chilean pesos 8,184,801 3.71 - -   - - - -
  US dollars 38,535 - 55,233 -   - - - -
Accrued liabilities and provisions Non-indexed Chilean pesos 2,869,698 - 2,547,879 -   249,696 - 648,323 -
  Indexed Chilean pesos 3,815 - 107,120 -   - - - -
  US dollars 179,171 - 144,421 -   - - - -
  Argentine pesos 631,919 - 675,109 -   - - - -
  Brazilian real 2,515,334 - 2,504,419 -   - - - -
  Peruvian sol 872,266 - 1,483,283 -   - - - -
Withholdings Non-indexed Chilean pesos 831,684 - 756,120 -   - - - -
  Argentine pesos 268,384 - 366,142 -   - - - -
  Brazilian real 605,508 - 306,796 -   - - - -
  Peruvian sol 149,476 - 125,055 -   - - - -
  Other currencies 43 - - -   - - - -
Unearned revenues Non-indexed Chilean pesos - - 527 -   - - - -
  US dollars 265,936 - 958,985 -   - - - -
  Argentine pesos 9,214 - 3,218,614 -   - - - -
  Brazilian real 643,635 - 3,516,016 -   - - - -
  Peruvian sol 569,425 - 154,298 -   - - - -
Other current liabilities Non-indexed Chilean pesos 369 - 4,693 -   - - - -
  US dollars - - 1,147,169 -   - - - -
  Argentine pesos 946,487 - - -   - - - -
  Brazilian real 38,435 - 65,850 -   - - - -
Total current liabilities   50,202,736   54,003,084     20,747,979   26,240,349  

Long term liabilities as of December 31, 2006
 

  Currency 1 to 3 years 3 to 5 years 5 to 10 years More than 10 years
    Amount Rate Amount Rate Amount Rate Amount Rate
    ThCh$ % ThCh$ % ThCh$ % ThCh$ %
Bank loans Indexed Chilean pesos 6,521,196 5.94 3,168,330 6.34 - - - -
Bank loans US$ 14,129,835 5.64 9,720,812 3.41 - - - -
Bank loans Brazilian Real 7,739,560 14.15 191,078 11.50 - - - -
Bonds payable Indexed Chilean pesos 9,620,027 5.00 10,606,081 5.00 - - - -
Miscellaneous payables Indexed Chilean pesos 990,963 4.80 1,089,575 4.80 2,864,512 4.80 - -
Miscellaneous payables US$ 296,061 7.44 - - - - - -
Accrued expenses Ch$ 172,425 2.28 53,271 7.00 94,470 7.00 917,685 3.46
Accrued expenses Indexed Chilean pesos 72,263 5.47 53,496 7.00 94,869 7.00 456,134 7.00
Accrued expenses Argentine $ 1,263,776 - - - - - - -
Accrued expenses Brazilian Real 2,323,575 - - - - - - -
Deferred income taxes Argentine $ 52,342 - - - - - - -
Deferred income taxes Peruvian Soles 437,714 - - - - - - -
Other liabilities US$ 120,294 - - - - - - -
Other liabilities Argentine $ 305,563 - - - - - - -
Other liabilities Brazilian Real 159,567 - - - - - - -
Total long-term liabilities   44,205,161   24,882,643   3,053,851   1,373,819  

Long term liabilities as of December 31, 2005
 

  Currency 1 to 3 years 3 to 5 years 5 to 10 years More than 10 years
    Amount Rate Amount Rate Amount Rate Amount Rate
    ThCh$ % ThCh$ % ThCh$ % ThCh$ %
Bank loans Ch$ 765,282 6.02 - - - - - -
Bank loans Adjustable Ch$ 5,668,314 6.38 4,064,320 5.24 - - - -
Bank loans US$ 4,966,099 4.90 - - - - - -
Bank loans Brazilian Real 9,671,298 20.08 - - - - - -
Bonds payable Adjustable Ch$ 9,169,876 5.00 10,109,789 5.00 5,437,093 5.00 - -
Miscellaneous payables Adjustable Ch$ 880,575 6.57 998,889 6.53 3,148,156 6.53 374,917 6.53
Miscellaneous payables US$ 234,084 0.42 12,014 3.49 - - - -
Accrued expenses Ch$ 160,998 0.98 55,743 4.97 70,142 7.00 732,763 6.46
Accrued expenses Adjustable Ch$ 70,295 7.00 66,607 7.00 118,119 7.00 567,922 7.00
Accrued expenses US$ 884,076 - - - - - - -
Accrued expenses Argentine $ 216,135 - - - - - - -
Accrued expenses Brazilian Real 1,100,963 - - - - - - -
Deferred income taxes Ch$ 24,587 - - - - - 24,425 -
Deferred income taxes Argentine $ 35,154 - - - - - - -
Deferred income taxes Peruvian Soles 270,721 - - - - - - -
Other liabilities Argentine $ 344,560 - - - - - - -
Other liabilities Brazilian Real 259,935 - - - - - - -
Total long-term liabilities   34,722,952   15,307,362   8,773,510   1,700,027  


Note 31 - Sanctions

The Company and its directors have not been subject of sanctions by the SVS nor by any other administrative authority.


Note 32 – Differences between Chilean and United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

Chilean GAAP varies in certain important respects from US GAAP. Such differences involve certain methods for measuring the amounts shown in the financial statements.

  1. Differences in measurement methods

The principal differences between Chilean GAAP and US GAAP are described below together with an explanation, where appropriate, of the method used in the determination of the adjustments that affect net income (loss) and total shareholders’ equity. References below to “SFAS” are to Statements of Financial Accounting Standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board in the United States of America.

a) Inflation accounting

Pursuant to Chilean GAAP, the Company’s financial statements recognize certain effects of inflation (see Note 2 b). In addition, the Company translates the accounting records of its subsidiaries abroad to Chilean pesos from US dollars in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 64, Accounting for Permanent Foreign Investments (see Note 2 s)). In the opinion of the Company, this foreign currency translation methodology forms part of the comprehensive basis of preparation of price-level adjusted financial statements required by Chilean GAAP. Inclusion of inflation and the effects of translation in the accompanying consolidated financial statements under the Chilean accounting standards in the financial statements are considered appropriate under the inflationary conditions that have historically affected the Chilean economy even though the cumulative inflation rate for the last three years does not exceed 100%. Accordingly, and as allowed pursuant to Form 20-F, these effects have not been eliminated in the reconciliation to US GAAP included under paragraph (1.p) below.

b) Revaluation of property, plant and equipment

In accordance with standards issued by the SVS, certain property, plant and equipment are recorded in the financial statements at amounts determined in accordance with a technical appraisal. The difference between the carrying value and the revalued amount is included as part of Property, plant and equipment in Other Reserves within Shareholders’ equity, and is subject to adjustments for price-level restatement and depreciation. Revaluation of property, plant and equipment is not allowed under US GAAP, therefore, the effects of the reversal of this revaluation, as well as of the related accumulated depreciation and depreciation expense is included in paragraph (1.p) below. Certain revaluations presented in the financial statements were recorded as part of purchase accounting adjustments under Chilean GAAP and therefore were not eliminated.

c) Deferred income taxes

Under Chilean GAAP, until December 31, 1999, deferred income taxes were recorded based on non-recurring timing differences between the recognition of income and expense items for financial statement and tax purposes. Accordingly, there was an orientation toward the income statement focusing on differences in the timing of recognition of revenues and expenses in pre-tax accounting income and taxable income. At the time, Chilean GAAP also permitted not providing for deferred income taxes where a deferred tax asset or liability was either offsetting or not expected to be realized.

Beginning January 1, 2000, the Company recorded income taxes in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 60 and its related amendments issued by the Chilean Association of Accountants, recognizing, using the liability method, the deferred tax effects of temporary differences between the financial and tax values of assets and liabilities. As a transitional provision, a contra (referred to as “complementary”) asset or liability has been recorded offsetting the effects of the deferred tax assets and liabilities not recorded prior to January 1, 2000. Such complementary assets or liabilities are being amortized to income over the estimated average reversal periods corresponding to the underlying temporary differences to which the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate.

Under US GAAP, companies must account for deferred taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109 Accounting for Income Taxes (“SFAS 109”), which requires an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting of income taxes, under the following basic principles:

  1. A deferred tax liability or asset is recognized for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and tax loss carry-forwards.
  2. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets is based on the provisions of the enacted tax law. The effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not anticipated.
  3. The balance of deferred tax assets is reduced by a valuation allowance, if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Temporary differences are defined as any difference between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of an asset and liability that at some future date will reverse, thereby resulting in taxable income or expense. Temporary differences ordinarily become taxable or deductible when the related asset is recovered or the related liability is settled. A deferred tax liability or asset represents the amount of taxes payable or refundable in future years as a result of temporary differences at the end of the current year.

The principal differences between US GAAP and Chilean GAAP relate to:

  1. The reversal of the complementary assets and liabilities recorded as a transitional provision for unrecorded deferred taxes as of January 1, 2000 and their corresponding amortization into income, and
  2. Accounting for deferred tax effects related to US GAAP adjustments.

The effect of these differences on the net income and shareholders’ equity of the Company is included in paragraph (1.p) below. Additional disclosures required under SFAS 109 are further described in paragraph (2.b) below.

d) Goodwill

Under Chilean GAAP, prior to the implementation of Technical Bulletin No. 72, (“BT 72”) which is mandatory for periods beginning after December 31, 2003, the excess of cost over the net book value of a purchased company was recorded as goodwill and amortized to income over a maximum period of twenty years. Amortization of goodwill may be accelerated if the acquired company generates sufficient income to absorb the additional amortization in any given year. The adoption of BT 72 did not change the amortization period for goodwill, but instead requires measurement of acquired assets and liabilities in their fair values for all acquisitions after January 1, 2004.

Under US GAAP, in a business combination accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, the acquired company’s identifiable assets and liabilities are recorded at fair values to give effect to the purchase price paid by the acquiring company. If, after the assets and liabilities of the acquired company have been adjusted to their fair value at the acquisition date, the purchase price exceeds the amount of such fair value, the excess is recorded as goodwill. The Company adopted SFAS No. 142 Goodwill and other Intangible Assets (“SFAS 142”) as of January 1, 2002. SFAS 142 applies to all goodwill and identified intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Under this standard, beginning January 1, 2002, all goodwill, including amounts acquired before initial application of SFAS No. 142, and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but must be tested for impairment at least annually.

For the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006, the Company performed the annual impairment test of goodwill required by the standard and determined that no impairment existed under either Chilean GAAP or US GAAP.

The following effects are included in the net income (loss) and Shareholders’ equity reconciliation to US GAAP under paragraph (1.p) below:

(i) Differences in the amount of the impairment under US GAAP related to basis differences in the original determination and subsequent amortization methodology between Chilean GAAP and US GAAP;
(ii) The reversal of goodwill amortization recorded under Chilean GAAP.

A summary of the changes in the Company's goodwill under US GAAP during the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, by segment of operation is as follows:

  January 1, 2004 Currency translation adjustment December 31, 2004
  ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$
       
Wire and Cable 23,299,989 (2,316,359) 20,983,630
Flexible Packaging 1,057,676 (36,437) 1,021,239
Aluminum Profiles 1,170,552 - 1,170,552
Total 25,528,217 (2,352,796) 23,175,421

  January 1, 2005 Currency translation adjustment December 31, 2005
  ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$
       
Wire and Cable 20,983,630 (2,301,488) 18,682,142
Flexible Packaging 1,021,239 (48,452) 972,787
Aluminum Profiles 1,170,552 - 1,170,552
Total 23,175,421 (2,349,940) 20,825,481

  January 1, 2006 Currency translation adjustment December 31, 2006
  ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$
       
Wire and Cable 18,682,142 318,638 19,000,780
Flexible Packaging 972,787 4,729 977,516
Aluminum Profiles 1,170,552 - 1,170,552
Total 20,825,481 323,367 21,148,848


e) Acquisition of 50% participation in Optel Ltda.

As described in Note 11, Madeco held a 50% participation in the fiber-optic company Optel Ltda. (“Optel”) joint venture with Corning International Corporation. In November 2003 based on arbitration ruling the joint venture agreement was declared lawfully terminated. As a result, Madeco lost the ability to appoint Optel’s management and was required to initiate the liquidation of Optel. The Company deconsolidated this entity and recorded a write-down of its investment in Optel in December 2003 and provided for expected costs related to the litigation with Corning and the forced liquidation of Optel.

On March 31, 2005, Madeco S.A., through its indirect subsidiary Madeco Brasil Ltda., signed an agreement with Corning whereby it acquired, for the nominal price of 1 Brazilian real, Corning’s 50% interest in Optel and also renegotiated and repaid indebtedness owed by Optel to its creditors. Under Chilean GAAP, as a result of that step acquisition the Company once again gained control over Optel and reversed through 2006 net income the impairment previously recorded in 2003. Under Technical Bulletin No. 72 the excess of the net assets acquired over the cost of acquisition referred to as “negative goodwill” was recorded in the step acquisition of an additional 50% interest in Optel in 2005. This negative goodwill is being amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of 20 years.

Under US GAAP the impairment write-offs on investments are not be reversed for improvements in the situation affecting the underlying investment, also the negative goodwill determined on the step acquisition of an additional 50% interest in Optel in 2005 would have been allocated as a reduction of the non-current assets (property, plant and equipment) in accordance with SFAS 141 Business Combinations.

In addition under Chilean GAAP certain payables due to Madeco Group companies were considered identifiable liabilities assumed during the additional 50% step acquisition in Optel. Those payables resulted principally from reimbursements payable for expenses incurred by other entities controlled by Madeco on behalf of Optel during the period when this investment was not controlled by the Company. In addition, as a result of regaining control and renegotiating Optel’s indebtedness the Company released into income the allowances against receivables due from Optel that were recorded in the moment of losing control over it in 2003. Under US GAAP the above mentioned payables represented no additional benefit or incremental liability to the acquirer and therefore no portion of the purchase price would be allocated to such amounts. Consequently the amount of the net assets acquired under US GAAP is different than under Chilean GAAP. This difference also affected the determination of the amount of excess of the net assets acquired over the cost of acquisition that reduced the amount of property, plant and equipment.

The differences between Chilean GAAP and US GAAP related to the accounting for the acquisition of 50% participation in Optel are included in paragraph (1.p) below and are as follows:

  1. The reversal of negative goodwill and its amortization recorded under Chilean GAAP;
  2. The reversal of the impairment write-up recognized under Chilean GAAP;
  3. The effects of reducing depreciation expense, due to the proportionate allocation of the excess of acquisition cost (including effect of elimination of intercompany balances and its effect in income) to property, plant and equipment.

f) Minimum dividend

As required by the Chilean Companies Act, unless otherwise decided by the unanimous vote of the holders of issued and subscribed shares, the Company must distribute a cash dividend in an amount equal to at least 30% of its net income before amortization of negative goodwill for each year as determined in accordance with Chilean GAAP, unless and except to the extent the Company has unabsorbed prior year losses. Net income related to the amortization of negative goodwill can only be distributed as an additional dividend by the approval of the shareholders, and accordingly, is not included in the calculation of the minimum dividend to be distributed. Under Chilean GAAP dividend amounts are only recorded in the period in which the dividend is declared, whereas under US GAAP absent shareholder approval to the contrary amount of the minimum dividend required to be distributed represents a liability. No liability has been recorded in the reconciliation in paragraph (1.p) since the Company had unabsorbed losses from prior years.

g) Staff severance indemnities

The Company and certain subsidiaries record a provision for staff severance indemnities when rights to such benefits have been formally guaranteed to employee groups. These severance indemnity plans are unfunded. Under Chilean GAAP these obligations are recorded using the present value of the liability determined at the end of each year based on the current salary and the estimated remaining number of years of service of each employee, as described in Note 2 o) using an interest rate of 7%. Under US GAAP based on EITF 88-1 such severance indemnities may be recorded based on the vested benefits to which the employees are entitled if their employment terminated immediately (settlement basis). The effect of this difference in accounting for staff severance benefits between Chilean GAAP and US GAAP is included in the reconciliation to US GAAP under paragraph (1.p) below.

h) Provision for restructuring costs

During 2002, the Company recorded under Chilean GAAP provisions related to the restructuring of a portion of its operations. The provisions were made mainly for the costs of future relocation of plant facilities and termination indemnity payments. Under US GAAP, such expenses are recognized in income as incurred.

Actual payments related to the restructuring costs were expensed under US GAAP in the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2004 and consequently as of December 31, 2004 and 2005, no differences between Chilean and US GAAP existed for this concept in Shareholders’ equity reconciliation. The effects of the difference in the net income reconciliation are shown under paragraph (1.p) below.

i) Derivative instruments and hedging activities

The Company is exposed to the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, changes in interest rates and changes in the market prices of commodities. In the normal course of business, the Company enters into a variety of derivative contracts designated to hedge its exposure to these risks.

Under Chilean GAAP, foreign currency forward contracts, swaps and options have been recorded in accordance with Technical Bulletin No. 57 issued by the Chilean Association of Accountants, as follows:

(i) Derivative contracts not qualifying for hedge accounting are recorded at their respective fair values with gains and losses included in earnings as Other non-operating income and expenses.
(ii) Derivative contracts that are designated as hedges of existing assets or liabilities, which are considered effective, are valued at their respective fair values. No adjustment to the hedged item’s carrying amount is recorded. If the net variation in the value of the derivative instrument and the hedged item results in a loss, the difference is recorded in the operating income. If the net variation in the value of the derivative instrument and the hedge item results in a gain, the net difference is deferred and recorded as an unrealized gain in the balance sheet.
(iii) Derivative contracts that are designated as hedges of future cash flows or transactions are valued at their respective fair values. Variation in the fair value are deferred and recorded as unrealized gains or losses in the income statement until the underlying transaction is realized.

Under US GAAP, in accordance with SFAS 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (“SFAS 133”), derivatives are always carried at fair value on the balance sheet. Hedge accounting can only be applied if the instruments meet certain requirements, among others a formal documentation of the hedging relationship and a periodic assessment of its effectiveness. If the derivative instrument does not qualify as a hedging instrument, changes in the fair value are reported directly in income. If the derivative instrument qualifies as a hedge, the accounting treatment varies based on the type of instrument being hedged.

The Company’s derivative instruments do not meet the formal documentation requirement of SFAS 133, therefore all effects should be reported in the same accounting period under US GAAP. As of December 31, 2005, the differences between Chilean GAAP and US GAAP were not material to the Company’s financial position and results of its operation. As of December 31, 2006, the Company is reporting a loss related to fair value hedges under Chilean GAAP, which results in a valuation consistent with US GAAP.

Additionally in 2006, the Company entered into cash flow hedges and deferred an unrealized gain related to these derivatives. The effect of recognizing this gain for the year 2006 is included in the reconciliation to US GAAP under paragraph (1.p) below.

Current Chilean accounting rules do not consider the existence of derivative instruments embedded in other contracts and therefore they are not reflected in the financial statements. For US GAAP purposes in accordance with SFAS 133, certain implicit or explicit terms included in host contracts that affect some or all of the cash flows or the value of other exchanges required by the contract in a manner similar to a derivative instrument, must be separated from the host contract and accounted for at fair value. The Company separately measures embedded derivatives as freestanding derivative instruments at their estimated fair values recognizing changes in earnings when they occur. Currently the only host contracts and instruments that the Company has, which have implicit or explicit terms that must be separately accounted for at fair value, are raw materials sale and purchase contracts. The effect of accounting for embedded derivatives is not material to the Company’s financial position and results of its operations, and therefore no reconciling item to US GAAP was implemented by the Company.

j) Reversal of impairment loss

Under Chilean GAAP, during 2001 the Company recorded an impairment loss on property, plant and equipment related to its plants in Argentina. During the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company reassessed this impairment provision based on an improvement in the economic situation in Argentina and reversed, as permitted by Chilean GAAP, the amount of ThCh$ 7,328,184 related to previously recognized impairment losses. For US GAAP purposes, SFAS 144 does not allow the reversal of impairment losses. Therefore, the impairment loss recovered for Chilean GAAP purposes is treated as a reconciling item in the US GAAP reconciliation under paragraph (1.p) below.

k) Allowance for recoverable taxes

At December 31, 2003, under Chilean GAAP Madeco S.A. provided for the amount of the tax refund resulting from the 2003 tax loss carry-forward, given the fact that, at the date of issuance of the Chilean GAAP financial statements, the tax refund requested for the prior year had not been received, as it was under review by the Chilean Internal Revenue Service.

In June, 2004, the Chilean Internal Revenue Service authorized the partial refund of the request submitted for 2003 amounting to ThCh$ 1,647,327. Under US GAAP purposes, the partial refund represented a subsequent event to the issuance of the Chilean GAAP financial statements that provided additional evidence with respect to conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet. As a result, considering this information that became available prior to the issuance of the financial statements included in the 2004 Form 20-F, the reconciliation to US GAAP included this change in the allowance for doubtful recovery of such tax loss carry-forward based on the new evidence available. Under Chilean GAAP, this refund was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2004.

l) Stock option plan

At the Extraordinary Meeting of Shareholders held on November 14, 2002, the shareholders approved a stock option plan, which was adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors on January 28, 2003. This incentive plan authorized the issuance of up to 493,334,000 shares of the Company’s common stock upon the exercises of stock options.

On April 24, 2003, the Company granted stock options to certain employees for a total of 182,147,724 shares.

The options exercise period was from September 30, 2004 to November 30, 2004, assuming the employee continued service to that date, with an exercise price of Ch$ 24 per share. On October 29, 2004, the executives exercised the portion of the stock options and subscribed 182,147,724 shares at the price of Ch$ 24 per share, which was paid with their own resources on that same date. In accordance with the accounting criteria described in Note 2 v) the corresponding capital increase of ThCh$ 4,371,545 (historic value) was recognized in the financial statement.

At an Extraordinary Shareholders’ Meeting held on December 22, 2004, it was agreed to modify the placement value of remaining 311,186,276 authorized shares destined to such compensation plan, setting a price of Ch$ 60 per share.

On January 25, 2005 the Board of Directors agreed to a separate stock option plan of 130,000,000 shares for certain executives. The exercise price was set at Ch$ 60 per share. This plan commenced on May 20, 2005 when the stock option contracts were issued. Under Chilean GAAP the stock options were recognized in accordance with accounting criteria described in the Note 2 v) at the fair value of ThCh$ 263,500 (historic value) determined using the “Black-Scholes-Merton” model as of the grant date (January 25, 2005).

On August 31, 2005, the above mentioned contracts signed on May 20, 2005 were nullified and the Company recorded in income the unamortized amount of the fair value of the options.

On May 30, 2006, the Board of Directors agreed to issue to a group of executives stock options for a total of 120,000,000 shares out of the shares issued for this purpose in 2002. The Share Subscription Agreement dated July 14, 2006 sets the exercise price at Ch$ 48.52 per share.

The Company determined the fair value of ThCh$ 687,600 for these options at the grant date using the "Black-Scholes-Merton" method, which is recorded with a charge to compensation cost and a credit to other reserves on a straight-line basis over the period between the grant date of the options and the date that these become vested. The charge to income for the year 2006 was ThCh$ 275,040.

A summary of stock option activity for the plan is as follows:

  For the years ended December 31,
  Authorized Options   Granted Options (thereof)
  2004   2005   2006   2004   2005   2006
  Number   Number   Number   Number   Number   Number
                       
Balance as of January 1 493,334,000   311,186,276   311,186,276   182,147,724   -   -
Granted during the period -   -   -   -   130,000,000   120,000,000
Cancelled during the period -   -   -   -   (130,000,000)   -
Exercised during the period (182,147,724)   -   -   (182,147,724)   -   -
Balance as of December 31, 311,186,276   311,186,276   311,186,276   -   -   120,000,000


Under US GAAP, the Company applied until December 31, 2005 the Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees when accounting for stock options. Until then no compensation cost was recognized for grants made to employees when the grant price is greater than or equal to the market price of a common share on the grant date. For the year 2005, the amount recorded in income under Chilean GAAP was reversed in the US GAAP reconciliation under paragraph (1.p) below.

As of January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R) Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. This standard requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the financial statements based on their fair values estimated at the date of the grant. As of the date of the transition, there were no stock options outstanding; the Company is applying SFAS 123(R) using the modified-prospective-transition method. There is no difference in the treatment under Chilean GAAP, which is in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standard No. 2 Share-based payments, and SFAS 123(R), accordingly there is no adjustment included in the reconciliation under paragraph (1.p) for the year 2006.

m) Capitalized Interest

Under Chilean GAAP, all interest on debt directly associated with construction projects is capitalized, including interest, price-level restatement and, with respect to foreign currency borrowings, foreign currency translation gains and losses. The capitalization of interest costs associated with projects under construction is optional when incurred on debt that is not directly related to such projects. During 2004, 2005 and 2006, the Company’s debt was not considered directly associated with construction projects, and the Company did not capitalize interest.

Under US GAAP, capitalization of interest is required for the interest, which could be avoided should expenditures for the associated assets have not been made. As a consequence of increasing construction activities in 2006, the Company was implementing an adjustment for the capitalization of interest and the corresponding effect on depreciation that is included under paragraph (1.p) below.

n) Minority interest

The effects of the US GAAP adjustments on minority interest in subsidiaries that are not wholly-owned by the Company are included in paragraph (1.q) below.

o) Elimination of discontinued operations

Under Chilean GAAP the Company records divestitures of investments or assets in the year in which they occur and no restatement to the financial statement information presented in previous years is required after a divestiture has occurred. Under US GAAP, in accordance with SFAS 144 Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets the discontinued operations of a component must be retroactively separated from the continuing operations of an entity, when the operations and cash flows of a component will be eliminated from the ongoing operations of an entity as a result of a disposal or a sale transaction, and the entity will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations of the component after the disposal transaction.

During 2004 and 2005 the Company disposed substantially all of its assets of subsidiary Alufoil S.A. that produced in Chile mass consumer flexible packaging products such as aluminum foil, trash bags and plastic wrap and did not maintain any continuing involvement in the operations of this component after the disposal transaction.

As a result of the disposal, the results of operations of that component have been eliminated from the ongoing operations of the Company. The effect of restating discontinued operations is included in the reconciliation of net income to US GAAP and is presented net of tax (benefit) expenses of ThCh$ 231,318 and ThCh$ 39, and net of minority interest of ThCh$ 151,340 and ThCh$ (248) for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, respectively under paragraph (1.p) below.

p) Effects of conforming to US GAAP

The adjustments to the reported consolidated net income (loss) required to conform to US GAAP are as follows:

  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Net income in accordance with Chilean GAAP 9,004,007   12,266,624   30,203,974
Reversal of depreciation on revaluation increment of fixed assets (par. 1b) (18,802)   229,683   102,314
Deferred income taxes (par. 1c)          
c.i Reversal of amortization of complementary accounts 536,040   487,975   456,108
c.ii Deferred tax effects of US GAAP adjustments 295,749   170,715   129,984
Amortization of goodwill (par. 1d) 1,842,028   1,694,816   1,721,235
Acquisition of Optel (par. 1e)          
e.i Reversal of negative goodwill amortization -   (19,499)   (26,452)
e.ii-iii Reversal of impairment write-up and allowances -   (1,372,070)   277,014
e.iii Depreciation of property, plant and equipment -   53,001   123,620
Staff severance indemnities (par. 1g). (379,004)   263,061   42,833
Provision for restructuring costs (par. 1h) (458,948)   -   -
Derivative instruments (par. 1i) -   -   463,421
Reversal of impairment loss (par. 1j) 770,193   373,262   325,794
Allowance for recoverable taxes (par. 1k) (1,647,327)   -   -
Stock option plan (par. 1l) -   269,034   -
Capitalized interests (par. 1m)          
o.i Capitalized interest -   -   287,637
o.ii Accumulated depreciation -   -   (14,046)
Minority interest (par. 1n) 571,467   (50,617)   (52,451)
Elimination of discontinued operations (par. 1o) (860,852)   998   -
Net income from continuing operations in accordance with US GAAP 9,654,551   14,366,983   34,040,985
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes and minority interest (par. 1o) 478,195   (787)   -
Net income in accordance with US GAAP 10,132,746   14,366,196   34,040,985
           
Other comprehensive income:          
Additional foreign currency translation adjustment on US GAAP adjustments 1,586,345   621,429   (69,847)
Cumulative translation adjustment under Chilean GAAP (12,206,915)   (14,724,456)   1,962,753
Gain on hedge of the foreign currency exposure of net investment in foreign operations 252,410   152,010   -
           
Comprehensive (loss) income in accordance with US GAAP (235,414)   415,179   35,933,891


The following is a reconciliation of consolidated Shareholder’s Equity differences under Chilean GAAP to the corresponding amounts under US GAAP:

    As of December 31,
    2005   2006
    ThCh$   ThCh$
         
         
Shareholder’s Equity in accordance with Chilean GAAP   209,693,042   251,555,181
Reversal of revaluation of property, plant and equipment (par. 1b)        
b.i Property, plant and equipment   (5,768,664)   (5,258,538)
b.ii Accumulated depreciation   3,138,731   2,730,919
Deferred income taxes (par. 1c)        
c.i Reversal of complementary accounts   (5,286,057)   (4,841,682)
c.ii Deferred tax effects of US GAAP adjustments   846,932   982,411
Amortization of goodwill (par. 1d)   7,179,757   9,006,696
Acquisition of Optel (par. 1e)        
e.i Reversal of negative goodwill amortization   (19,499)   (46,291)
e.i Reversal of negative goodwill   519,976   529,046
e.ii-iii New basis of property, plant and equipment   (1,892,046)   (1,648,036)
e.iii Accumulated depreciation of property, plant and equipment   53,001   177,546
Staff severance indemnities (par. 1g)   (3,714,907)   (3,672,074)
Derivative instruments (par. 1i)   -   463,421
Reversal of impairment loss (par. 1j)   (3,166,479)   (2,895,921)
Impairment of goodwill Ficap (par. 1d)   (5,232,626)   (5,323,902)
Capitalized Interest (par. 1m)        
o.i Capitalized interest   -   287,637
o.ii Depreciation charge   -   (14,046)
Minority interest (par. 1n)   356,239   304,335
Shareholder’s Equity in accordance with US GAAP   196,707,400   242,336,702


The following summarizes the changes in shareholders’ equity under US GAAP during the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006:

  As of December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Beginning balance 141,841,622   152,229,978   196,707,400
Capital increase 10,650,304   44,941,571   9,350,934
Issuance of stock options -   -   275,040
Cumulative translation adjustment (10,368,160)   (13,951,017)   1,892,906
Price-level restatement (26,534)   (879,328)   69,437
Net income for the year 10,132,746   14,366,196   34,040,985
Ending balance 152,229,978   196,707,400   242,336,702

  1. Additional disclosure requirements

a) Earnings per share
 

  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  Ch$   Ch$   Ch$
           
Earnings per share from continuing operations (US GAAP) 2.29   3.17   6.22
Earnings per share from discontinued operations (US GAAP) 0.11   -   -
Earnings per share (US GAAP) 2.40   3.17   6.22
Earnings per share (Chilean GAAP) 2.13   2.70   5.52
           
Weighted average number of common stock          
outstanding (in thousands) 4,221,196   4,537,185   5,471,995

The earnings per share figures disclosed above for both US GAAP and Chilean GAAP purposes have been calculated by dividing the respective earnings determined in accordance with US GAAP and Chilean GAAP, respectively, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. The outstanding employee stock options do not have a dilutive effect on the above calculation under application of the treasury stock method.

b) Income taxes

The provision for income taxes charged to the results of operations determined in accordance with US GAAP is as follows:

  For the year ended December 31, 2004
  Chile   Argentina   Peru   Brazil   Total
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
                   
(Loss) Income before income taxes and minority interest under Chilean GAAP 7,423,351   (2,482,162)   1,432,211   5,129,950   11,503,350
Current income taxes as determined under Chilean GAAP (96,071)   -   (1,816,239)   (122,037)   (2,034,347)
Deferred income taxes as determined under Chilean GAAP 162,579   (257,518)   (69,070)   567,035   403,026
Subtotal 66,508   (257,518)   (1,885,309)   444,998   (1,631,321)
US GAAP adjustments:                  
Deferred tax effects of applying SFAS No. 109 292,918   280,271   (37,148)   -   536,041
Allowance for recoverable taxes (1,647,327)   -   -   -   (1,647,327)
Deferred tax effects of US GAAP adjustments 64,431   -   -   -   64,431
Reclassification of income of discontinued operations 231,318   -   -   -   231,318
Expense (benefit) for the year under US GAAP (992,152)   22,753   (1,922,457)   444,998   (2,446,858)

  For the year ended December 31, 2005
  Chile   Argentina   Peru   Brazil   Total
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
                   
(Loss) Income before income taxes and minority interest under Chilean GAAP 3,456,832   (384,799)   6,288,792   5,155,243   14,516,068
Current income taxes as determined under Chilean GAAP (223,873)   -   (2,492,108)   (380,369)   (3,096,350)
Deferred income taxes as determined under Chilean GAAP 2,076,288   (636,435)   (247,279)   406,194   1,598,768
Subtotal 1,852,415   (636,435)   (2,739,387)   25,825   (1,497,582)
US GAAP adjustments:                  
Deferred tax effects of applying SFAS No. 109 410,549   -   77,425   -   487,974
Deferred tax effects of US GAAP adjustments (44,721)   -   -   215,397   170,676
Reclassification of income taxes of discontinued operations 39   -   -   -   39
Expense (benefit) for the year under US GAAP 2,218,282   (636,435)   (2,661,962)   241,222   (838,893)

  For the year ended December 31, 2006
  Chile   Argentina   Peru   Brazil   Total
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
Income before income taxes and minority interest under Chilean GAAP 15,806,153   1,231,362   11,963,051   7,946,103   36,946,669
Current income taxes as determined under Chilean GAAP (749,218)   (675,714)   (3,478,652)   (2,291,248)   (7,194,832)
Deferred income taxes as determined under Chilean GAAP 2,360,450   91,299   (103,701)   (357,758)   1,990,290
Subtotal 1,611,232   (584,415)   (3,582,353)   (2,649,006)   (5,204,542)
US GAAP adjustments:                  
Deferred tax effects of applying SFAS No. 109 383,101   -   73,007   -   456,108
Deferred tax effects of US GAAP adjustments (25,026)   82,190   (876)   73,696   129,984
Expense (benefit) for the year under US GAAP 1,969,307   (502,225)   (3,510,222)   (2,575,310)   (4,618,450)


Deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2005 are as follows:
 

  Short-term   Long-term
  Deferred tax under Chilean GAAP   SFAS No. 109 applied to US GAAP adjustments   Deferred tax under US GAAP   Deferred tax under Chilean GAAP   SFAS No. 109 applied to US GAAP adjustments   Deferred tax under US GAAP
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
Deferred tax assets                      
Allowance for doubtful accounts 378,390   233,418   611,808   804,791   -   804,791
Tax loss carry forwards 3,546,690   -   3,546,690   21,502,628   -   21,502,628
Valuation allowance (9,231,869)   -   (9,231,869)   (21,899,141)   (1,108,268)   (23,007,409)
Accrued vacation expense 125,239   -   125,239   11,412   -   11,412
Property, plant and equipment held for sale 29,157   -   29,157   42,387   -   42,387
Deferred foreign currency exchange differences 309,634   -   309,634   143,743   -   143,743
Impairment of investment in Decker -   -   -   -   1,108,268   1,108,268
Impairment of investment in Brazil 7,089,239   -   7,089,239   -   -   -
Adjustment to realizable value for property, plant and equipment -   -   -   55,754   -   55,754
Allowance for obsolescence of inventories 657,798   -   657,798   93,305   -   93,305
Allowances for other current and long-term receivables 587,277   -   587,277   -   -   -
Write-downs of property, plant and equipment 20,899   -   20,899   192,950   -   192,950
Provision for unused property, plant and equipment -   -   -   106,450   34,727   141,177
Other 423,249   -   423,249   828,860   65,627   894,487
Gross deferred tax assets 3,935,703   233,418   4,169,121   1,883,139   100,354   1,983,493
                       
Deferred tax liabilities                      
Property, plant and equipment in leasing and accelerated depreciation -   -   -   1,537,352   5,250,437   6,787,789
Manufacturing expenses 522,289   -   522,289   -   -   -
Staff Severance Indemnities -   -   -   395,026   (395,026)   -
Negotiation of bonds 14,852   -   14,852   -   -   -
Bond issuance costs -   -   -   159,146   -   159,146
Other 2,322   -   2,322   146,502   (82,514)   63,988
Gross deferred tax liabilities 539,463   -   539,463   2,238,026   4,772,897   7,010,923
                       
Net assets (liabilities) deferred taxes 3,396,240   233,418   3,629,658   (354,887)   (4,672,543)   5,027,430


Deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2006 are as follows:

  Short-term   Long-term
  Deferred tax under Chilean GAAP   SFAS No. 109 applied to US GAAP adjustments   Deferred tax under US GAAP   Deferred tax under Chilean GAAP   SFAS No. 109 applied to US GAAP adjustments   Deferred tax under US GAAP
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
Deferred tax assets                      
Allowance for doubtful accounts 1,323,545   -   1,323,545   27,937   -   27,937
Tax loss carry forwards 2,861,384   -   2,861,384   20,130,780   -   20,130,780
Valuation allowance (3,112,424)   -   (3,112,424)   (24,741,839)   (922,352)   (25,664,191)
Accrued vacation expense 147,631   -   147,631   -   -   -
Property, plant and equipment held for sale 30,049   -   30,049   22,342   -   22,342
Impairment of investment in Decker -   -   -   -   1,013,573   1,013,573
Impairment of investment in Brazil 1,457,860   -   1,457,860   4,981,022   -   4,981,022
Adjustment to realizable value for property, plant and equipment 11,713   -   11,713   -   -   -
Allowance for obsolescence of inventories 1,237,328   -   1,237,328   95,398   -   95,398
Allowances for other current and long-term receivables 586,768   -   586,768   -   -   -
Write-downs of property, plant and equipment -   -   -   204,171   -   204,171
Provision for unused property, plant and equipment -   -   -   457,760   31,519   489,279
Other 1,510,466   -   1,510,466   802,693   60,578   863,271
Gross deferred tax assets 6,054,320   -   6,054,320   1,980,264   183,318   2,163,582
                       
Deferred tax liabilities                      
Property, plant and equipment in leasing and accelerated depreciation -   -   -   1,792,959   4,372,394   6,165,353
Manufacturing expenses 443,468   -   443,468   -   -   -
Staff Severance Indemnities -   -   -   412,407   (412,407)   -
Negotiation of bonds 30,762   -   30,762   -   -   -
Bond issuance costs -   -   -   132,260   -   132,260
Other 5,484   157,563   163,047   132,694   (74,961)   57,733
Gross deferred tax liabilities 479,714   157,563   637,277   2,470,320   3,885,026   6,355,346
                       
Net assets (liabilities) deferred taxes 5,574,606   (157,563)   5,417,043   (490,056)   (3,701,708)   (4,191,764)


A reconciliation of the Chilean Statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate on net income calculated in accordance with US GAAP is as follows:

  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
US GAAP Income before taxes, minority interest and equity participation in income/losses of related companies 12,422,306   15,721,378   39,561,765
           
Statutory tax rate 17.0%   17.0%   17.0%
           
Statutory tax rate applied to pretax income (2,111,792)   (2,672,634)   (6,725,500)
Effect on tax and financial equity restatement (1) 449,993   706,522   30,515
Non-taxable income (170,822)   555,790   701,786
Non-deductible expenses 1,553,841   569,261   (564,642)
Adjustments for application of BT 64 3,181,054   3,810,454   1,022,155
Other local taxes -   -   (25,277)
Foreign taxes in excess of domestic rate (1,453,276)   (1,962,511)   (3,211,191)
Valuation allowance changes affecting the provision for income taxes (3,384,048)   (1,840,840)   4,488,896
Reclassification of income taxes related to discontinued operations 231,318   39   -
Other (743,126)   (4,974)   (335,192)
At effective tax rate (2,446,858)   (838,893)   (4,618,450)
           

(1) This item corresponds to the difference in the basis used for the price-level restatement calculation of shareholder’s equity for financial and tax purposes.


In accordance with Chilean law, the Company and each of its subsidiaries compute and pay tax on a separate return basis and not on a consolidated basis.

Expiration dates of the tax loss carry-forwards as of December 31, 2006 are as follows:

Country   2007   2008   2009   2010   2011   Total
    ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
Argentina (1)   20,050,660   80,442   606,717   112,401   496,055   21,346,275
Brazil (2)   -   -   -   -   -   8,789,595
Chile (3)   -   -   -   -   -   81,706,211
Total   20,050,660   80,442   606,717   112,401   496,055   111,842,081

(1) Tax-loss carry-forwards in Argentina expire in 5 years under current tax legislation.
(2) Tax-loss carry-forwards in Brazil under current tax legislation do not expire but the deduction from taxable income is limited to 30% of the taxable income.
(3) Tax loss carry-forwards do not expire in Chile under current tax legislation.
 

c) Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash investments and trade accounts receivable.

The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and certain other financial instruments with various financial institutions. These financial institutions are located in Chile and other parts of the world, and the Company’s policy is designed to limit exposure to any institution. The Company performs periodic evaluations of the relative credit standing of these financial institutions as part of its investment strategy.

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivable are limited due to the large number of entities comprising the Company’s customer base located in Chile, Argentina, Brazil and Peru. The Company’s sales in these regions amounted to approximately 78.66% and 75.56% of total sales as of December 31, 2005 and 2006 respectively. As of these dates, no customer has outstanding receivables of more than 10%. Furthermore, the Company does not require collateral or security for its accounts receivable.

d) Collective bargaining agreements

As of December 31, 2006, approximately 76.32% of the Company’s employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. Of the employees covered by collective bargaining agreements, 60.38% of the agreements will expire within one year.

e) Lease commitments

The Company leases certain property under long-term non-cancelable leases, which are accounted for as capital leases. The related future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2006 were as follows:

  As of December 31, 2006
  ThCh$
   
2007 818,383
2008 739,046
2009 523,530
2010 531,869
2011 557,706
Due after 5 years 2,864,512
Total 6,035,046

Operating lease and related future minimum payments as of December 31, 2006 are presented as follows:

  As of December 31, 2006
  ThCh$
   
Due within 1 year 364,154
Due after 1 year but within 2 years 89,689
Due after 2 years but within 3 years 70,827
Due after 3 years but within 4 years 49,419
Due after 4 years but within 5 years 48,045
Due after 5 years 32,931
Total 655,065

Cash paid for operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2006 was ThCh$ 365,024.

f) Advertising Costs

The Company expenses advertising costs when the related advertising has been published or aired. Advertising expenses amounted to ThCh$ 534,849, ThCh$ 399,854 and ThCh$ 1,184,363 for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.

g) Fair value of financial instruments

The accompanying tables provide disclosure of the estimated fair value of financial instruments owned by the Company. Carrying values are based on amounts reported in accordance with Chilean GAAP. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments at December 31, 2005 and 2006, for which it is practicable:

Cash and Cash Equivalents - Cash and Cash Equivalent are stated at the carrying amounts, which approximate fair values.

Marketable securities - The fair value of marketable securities is based on quoted market prices.

Long-term accounts receivable - As substantially all of the Company’s long-term accounts receivable bear interest at variable rates, and these interest rates are stated at current market rates, the carrying value of these receivables approximates fair value.

Short-term and long-term debt - The fair value of short-term and long-term debt is based on rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities.

Other current liabilities - This category consists of current liabilities whose carrying value approximates their fair value. The derivative contracts’ fair value is based on market-prices at December 31, 2005 and 2006 respectively.

Other current assets - The fair value of these derivative contracts is based on market price.

The following represent the company’s required disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments under US GAAP as of December 31, 2005 and 2006,

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  Carrying   Fair   Carrying   Fair
  Amount   value   Amount   Value
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
Assets:              
Cash 4,371,910   4,371,910   4,733,667   4,733,667
Time deposits and marketable securities 249,255   249,255   567,571   567,571
Other current assets 3,333,501   3,333,501   12,244,080   12,244,080
Derivative financial instruments 120,810   120,810   1,137,096   1,137,096
Financial assets:              
Investments in other companies 2,722,045   2,722,045   3,564,375   3,564,375
Long-term accounts receivable 354,595   354,595   441,838   441,838
Short-term debt:              
Short-term bank borrowings (includes current portion of long-term liability) 27,508,683   27,508,814   31,731,345   31,683,971
Current portion of bonds payable 4,343,590   4,352,852   4,536,996   4,563,140
Current portion of long-term liabilities 418,424   418,424   488,364   488,364
Other current liabilities 985,291   985,291   1,217,712   1,217,712
Long-term debt:              
Bonds payable 24,716,758   24,964,181   20,226,108   20,693,146
Long-term bank borrowings:              
Long-term liabilities 25,135,313   24,819,775   41,470,811   41,477,990
Derivative financial instruments 16,059   16,059   120,294   120,294


h) Restrictions on net assets

As stated in Note 22 the Company has subsidiaries that must abide by certain financial ratios and covenants that require minimum equity levels or that contain other characteristics that restrict the transfer of assets to the parent company. The amounts of Madeco’s proportional share in restricted net assets in consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006 are as follows:
 

  Proportionate share of restricted net assets
Legal Entity as of December 31, 2006
  ThCh$
   
Alusa S.A. 24,583,475
Indalum S.A. 29,637,238


The consolidated retained earnings which represent undistributed earnings of investees accounted for using the equity method as of December 31, 2006 amounts to ThCh$ 1,277,610.

i) Comprehensive income (loss)

The Company presents comprehensive income and its components with the objective to report a measure of all changes in shareholders’ equity that result from transactions or other economic events of the period other than transactions with owners. Comprehensive income is the total net income and other non-owner equity transactions (“other comprehensive income”) that result in changes in net equity.

The following represents accumulated other comprehensive income balance, for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006:

  For the year ended December 31, 2004
  Chilean GAAP cumulative translation adjustment   Effect of US GAAP adjustments on cumulative translation adjustment   Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance 13,036,092   (41,487)   12,994,605
Credit (charge) for the period (11,954,505)   1,586,345   (10,368,160)
Ending balance 1,081,587   1,544,858   2,626,445

  For the year ended December 31, 2005
  Chilean GAAP cumulative translation adjustment   Effect of US GAAP adjustments on cumulative translation adjustment   Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance 1,081,587   1,544,858   2,626,445
Credit (charge) for the period (14,572,446)   621,429   (13,951,017)
Ending balance (13,490,859)   2,166,287   (11,324,572)

  For the year ended December 31, 2006
  Chilean GAAP cumulative translation adjustment   Effect of US GAAP adjustments on cumulative translation adjustment   Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance (13,490,859)   2,166,287   (11,324,572)
Credit (charge) for the period 1,962,753   (69,847)   1,892,906
Price-level restatement (42,772)   -   (42,772)
Ending balance (11,570,878)   2,096,440   (9,474,438)


j) Reclassifications for US GAAP purposes

Under Chilean GAAP, the following income and expenses are classified as non-operating expenses whereas under US GAAP they would be classified as operating income and expenses:

  Charge/(credit)
  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment (60,991)   (197,099)   (16,646)
Recovery of tax benefits in foreign subsidiaries -   (512,756)   -
Other non-operating income -   (109,522)   (68,379)
Amortization of negative goodwill -   (19,499)   (26,452)
Amortization of goodwill 1,842,028   1,694,816   1,721,235
Staff severance indemnity payments related to restructuring -   278,347   -
Obsolescence and write-offs of other long-term assets 396,631   246,004   932,608
Provision for lawsuits settlements 47,971   100,461   17,327
Adjustment to realizable value of assets held for sale 416,360   247,455   293,689
Depreciation of inactive assets (Argentina) 2,372,187   1,381,882   940,462
Government fines, taxes and interest from foreign subsidiaries -   927,508   650,542
Valuation allowance for fixed and other assets (Argentina) 299,423   -   -
Accrual for contingent liabilities and lawsuits 224,317   -   -
Allowance for closure and valuation of assets in foreign subsidiaries (Ingewall and Uruguay) 80,841   39,804   -
Other non-operating expense 55,819   124,773   16,955
           
Total 5,674,586   4,202,174   4,461,341


The condensed consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31 under US GAAP are presented as follows:
 

  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Sales 338,766,995   372,920,142   559,141,475
Cost of sales (292,994,510)   (321,137,696)   (480,546,822)
Gross Margin 45,772,485   51,782,446   78,594,653
Administrative and selling expenses (23,275,577)   (24,839,783)   (28,988,508)
Operating income 22,496,908   26,942,663   49,606,145
Non-operating income and expenses, net (10,074,602)   (11,221,284)   (10,044,380)
Net income before income taxes and minority interest interest 12,422,306   15,721,379   39,561,765
Income taxes (2,446,858)   (838,892)   (4,618,450)
Equity participation in (loss) income of related companies, net (24,342)   286,977   688,274
Income before minority interest 9,951,106   15,169,464   35,631,589
Minority interest (296,555)   (802,481)   (1,590,604)
Net income from continuing operations 9,654,551   14,366,983   34,040,985
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations 478,195   (787)   -
Net income 10,132,746   14,366,196   34,040,985
           
Other comprehensive income (loss):          
Loss on hedge of the foreign currency exposure of net investment in foreign operations (11,954,505)   (14,572,446)   1,962,753
Cumulative translation adjustment 1,586,345   621,429   (69,847)
Comprehensive net (loss) income (235,414)   415,179   35,933,891


Certain reclassifications would be made to the Chilean GAAP balance sheet in order to present Chilean GAAP amounts in accordance with presentation requirements under US GAAP.

The following are summarized balance sheets of the Company using a US GAAP presentation and amounts determined in accordance with US GAAP:
 

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Current assets 159,360,957   228,377,774
Property, plant and equipment 308,701,275   319,744,584
Accumulated depreciation of property, plant and equipment (168,978,986)   (178,416,622)
Property, plant and equipment, net 139,722,289   141,327,962
Goodwill, net 20,825,481   21,148,848
Other assets 22,054,544   22,694,346
Total assets 341,963,271   413,548,930
       
Current liabilities 70,793,231   79,622,663
Long-term liabilities 64,397,714   80,426,164
Minority interest 10,064,926   11,163,401
Shareholders’ equity 196,707,400   242,336,702
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ equity 341,963,271   413,548,930


k) Cash flow information

The statement of cash flow under Chilean GAAP differs in certain aspects from the presentation of the same statement under US GAAP, as follows:
 

  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Cash provided by operating activities under Chilean GAAP 5,025,197   10,594,529   5,913,305
           
Cash provided by operating activities under US GAAP 5,025,197   10,594,529   5,913,305
           
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities under Chilean GAAP (23,896,331)   (4,162,600)   14,447,403
           
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities under US GAAP (23,896,331)   (4,162,600)   14,447,403
           
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities under Chilean GAAP 25,929,377   (11,783,601)   (10,429,121)
Purchase of time deposits -   (96,105)   (261,552)
Sale of time deposits -   -   96,105
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities under US GAAP 25,929,377   (11,879,706)   (10,594,568)


The detail of cash and cash equivalents in US GAAP is a follows:
 

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Cash in banks 4,371,910   4,733,667
Marketable securities 153,150   306,019
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 3,333,474   12,244,080
Total 7,858,534   17,283,766

 

l) Segment reporting

The Company provides disclosures in accordance with Statement of Financial Standards No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” (“SFAS 131”) which establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments in annual financial statements as well as related disclosures about products and services and geographic areas. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial statement information is available and is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. The Company operates in four business segments including Wire and Cable, Brass Mills, Flexible Packaging and Aluminum Profiles.

The accounting policies of each segment are as described in the Company’s summary of significant accounting policies (See Note 2). The following is a description of the four segments:


Wire and Cable

The Company produces and sells in Chile, Argentina, Peru and Brazil various wire and cable products designed to meet client needs in the telecommunications, energy, mining, construction and manufacturing industries. Wire and Cable products have certain generalized differentiating characteristics, such as single or multiple strand (wire), twisted strands (cable), bare or insulated, type of material used for insulation and magnetic or non-magnetic.

Brass Mills

The Company’s Brass Mills segment manufactures a variety of products used by other industrial companies and the construction sector. These products include pipes, bars, busbars and sheets made of copper, copper alloy, brass, aluminum and aluminum alloy. The Company also manufactures coin blanks and minted coins, which are produced principally from alloys comprised of copper, nickel, aluminum and zinc. While the Company’s Brass Mills facilities are located in Chile and Argentina, a significant portion of revenues are generated from export sales. Exports for the pipes, bars and sheets, or “PBS” division of the Brass Mills may include sales to customers in countries other than Chile or Argentina. Exports for the Coins division of the Brass Mills unit may include sales to customers in any country other than Chile.


Flexible Packaging

The Company’s Flexible Packaging segment manufactures flexible packaging for use in the packaging of large scale consumer products, as well as aluminum foil and plastic wrap, for both commercial and home use. The Company has flexible packaging operations in Chile and Argentina. In Peru, the subsidiary Alusa also has a 25% interest in two Peruvian operations, Peruplast S.A. and Tech Pak S.A. that operate in that business. Financial information of these investees is not considered as part of segment data reviewed by the chief operating decision maker and consequently these investees are not included in the segment information presented below.


Aluminum Profiles

The Company’s aluminum segment manufactures aluminum siding used principally in the construction sector for window frames, door frames, external and internal hardware fixtures and customized goods for the production of industrial durable goods.


Segment Reporting

The Company presents segment information in accordance with Chilean GAAP. Disclosure of segment data and a reconciliation of the total amounts reported by reportable segments to the consolidated amounts in the financial statements are as follows:
 

  For the year ended December 31, 2004
  Wire and Cable Brass Mills Flexible Packaging Aluminum Profiles Unallocated Elimination Consolidated
  ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$
               
Sales to external customers 175,872,079 88,879,844 47,723,439 30,274,558 -   342,749,920
Intersegment sales 30,760,211 10,772,114 523 - - (41,532,847) -
Total revenues 206,632,290 99,651,958 47,723,962 30,274,558 - (41,532,847) 342,749,920
Interest income 428,635 397,703 10,926 160,629     997,893
Interest expense (5,044,359) (5,097,855) (528,980) (965,720)     (11,636,914)
Income taxes (1,108,762) 1,022,218 (563,253) (981,523)     (1,631,320)
Equity participation in net income of related companies (22,677) - (1,664) - - - (24,341)
Depreciation expense (5,855,644) (2,614,598) (2,241,155) (696,436) - - (11,407,833)
Operating income 11,098,490 8,630,641 3,371,202 3,529,747 - - 26,630,080
               
Investments in related companies 2,208,289 - 6,538,206 - - - 8,746,495
Identifiable assets at December 31, 2004 191,939,639 69,381,651 61,049,200 39,827,473 517,432 - 362,715,395
Capital expenditures 1,618,576 451,166 4,136,019 603,209 - - 6,808,970

  For the year ended December 31, 2005
  Wire and Cable Brass Mills Flexible Packaging Aluminum Profiles Unallocated Elimination Consolidated
  ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$
               
Sales to external customers 216,514,694 81,586,681 45,086,300 29,975,063 - - 373,162,738
Intersegment sales 27,402,143 11,580,308 - - - (38,982,451) -
Total revenues 243,916,837 93,166,989 45,086,300 29,975,063 - (38,982,451) 373,162,738
Interest income 312,969 387,148 22,342 99,564 - - 822,023
Interest expense (5,276,739) (3,065,947) (405,664) (807,694) - - (9,556,044)
Income taxes (2,105,337) 1,686,932 (325,606) (753,571) - - (1,497,582)
Equity participation in net income of related companies 26,460 - 260,517 - - - 286,977
Depreciation expense (5,681,853) (2,556,688) (2,266,305) (974,508) - - (11,479,354)
Operating income 19,797,757 2,065,777 3,497,845 3,063,666 - - 28,425,045
               
Investments in related companies 2,156,322 - 6,073,783 - - - 8,230,105
Identifiable assets at December 31, 2005 188,771,610 64,838,624 57,832,548 37,739,793 2,386,198 - 351,568,773
Capital expenditures 2,566,126 828,180 5,392,866 1,829,133 - - 10,616,305

  For the year ended December 31, 2006
  Wire and Cable Brass Mills Flexible Packaging Aluminum Profiles Unallocated Elimination Consolidated
  ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$ ThCh$
               
Sales to external customers 360,223,103 119,382,998 46,198,609 33,336,765 - - 559,141,475
Intersegment sales 47,936,296 11,751,858 17,953 - - (59,706,107) -
Total revenues 408,159,399 131,134,856 46,216,562 33,336,765 - (59,706,107) 559,141,475
Interest income 969,574 509,234 56,385 67,000 2,703   1,604,896
Interest expense (7,440,732) (2,409,488) (1,027,568) (528,249) (4,398) - (11,410,435)
Equity participation in net income of related companies 9,168 - 679,106 - - - 688,274
Income taxes (5,376,040) 1,184,206 (547,102) (366,737) (98,869) - (5,204,542)
Depreciation expense (7,443,750) (2,367,426) (2,519,461) (1,060,564) - - (13,391,201)
Operating income 34,301,676 9,793,414 4,799,105 2,871,541 - - 51,765,736
               
Investments in related companies 2,176,728 - 6,807,877 - - - 8,984,605
Identifiable assets at December 31, 2006 222,810,967 78,318,934 65,070,790 39,038,077 - - 416,781,824
Capital expenditures 4,294,560 514,532 6,611,210 2,913,304 - - 14,333,606

The following represents sales data for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005 and 2006 and property, plant and equipment information by geographic area as of December 31, 2005 and 2006:
 

  Sales   Property, plant and equipment
  2004   2005   2006   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
                   
Chile 200,105,107   171,319,607   262,359,063   76,096,855   76,154,578
Brazil 76,066,629   89,484,016   139,844,585   37,231,779   36,772,959
Argentina 23,396,745   53,714,734   39,300,248   23,572,440   23,687,806
Peru 43,181,439   58,644,381   117,637,579   11,005,099   11,333,058
Total 342,749,920   373,162,738   559,141,475   147,906,173   147,948,401


m) Discontinued Operations

As described in Note 32 paragraph (1.p) during 2005 the Company disposed substantially all of its assets of subsidiary Alufoil S.A. that was accounted for as discontinued operations in accordance with SFAS 144. Accordingly, amounts in the reconciliation of net income to US GAAP and the additional disclosure notes required under US GAAP for all periods shown, reflect discontinued accounting.

The following major classes of discontinued combined assets and combined liabilities included in the Madeco S.A. consolidated balance sheet under US GAAP:
 

  As of December 31,
  2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$
       
Current assets 2,854,814   -
Property, plant and equipment 130,793   -
Accumulated depreciation of property, plant and equipment (130,793)   -
Property, plant and equipment, net -   -
Total assets 2,854,814   -
       
Current liabilities 4,197   -
Shareholders’ equity 2,850,617   -
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity 2,854,814   -


The following major classes of revenues and expenses are included in the Madeco S.A. consolidated income statement under US GAAP, presented net of taxes as discontinued operations:

 

  For the years ended December 31,
  2004   2005   2006
  ThCh$   ThCh$   ThCh$
           
Sales 3,982,923   242,596   -
Costs of sales (3,143,578)   (277,601)   -
Gross Margin 839,345   (35,005)   -
Administrative and selling expenses (625,292)   (18,361)   -
Operating income (loss) 214,053   (53,366)   -
Non-operating income and expenses, net 646,798   52,368   -
Net income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest 860,851   (998)   -
Income taxes (231,318)   (39)   -
Income (loss) before minority interest 629,533   (1,037)   -
Minority interest (151,340)   248   -
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations 478,194   (789)   -


n) Recent accounting pronouncements

  1. In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 155, “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments - an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140”. The new statement:

  • permits fair value re-measurement of any hybrid financial instrument that contains an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation;
  • clarifies which interest-only strips and principal-only strips are not subject to the requirements of SFAS 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”;
  • establishes a requirement to evaluate interests in securitized financial assets to identify interests that are freestanding derivatives or that are hybrid financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation;
  • clarifies that concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded derivatives; and
  • amends SFAS 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities”, to eliminate the prohibition on a qualifying special-purpose entity from holding a derivative financial instrument that pertains to a beneficial interest other than another derivative financial instrument.

SFAS 155 generally is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of this statement will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

  1. In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation 48 (FIN 48), "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109". This interpretation prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition, classification and other matters. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company has not determined the effect, if any, the adoption of FIN 48 will have on the Company’s financial position and results of operations.
  2. In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements". This statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that will result from the adoption of SFAS 157.
  3. In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, "The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities". SFAS No. 159 permits measurement of recognized financial assets and liabilities at fair value with some exceptions. Changes in the fair value of items for which the fair value option is elected should be recognized in income or loss. The election to measure eligible items at fair value is irrevocable and can only be made at defined election dates or events, generally on an instrument by instrument basis. Items for which the fair value option is elected should be separately presented or be parenthetically disclosed in the statement of financial position. SFAS No. 159 also requires significant new disclosures that apply for interim and annual financial statements. SFAS No. 159 will be effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 with earlier adoption permitted, if certain conditions are met. The Company is currently determining the policy of adoption as well as the resulting effect of SFAS No. 159 on the consolidated financial statements.