Property and casualty programs are grouped by the following characteristics:

1.Indemnification programs - industry pools, facilities or associations that are governed by state insurance statutes or regulations or the federal government.

2.Catastrophe reinsurance programs - reinsurance protection for catastrophe exposure nationwide and by specific states, as applicable.

3.Other reinsurance programs - reinsurance protection for asbestos, environmental and other liability exposures as well as commercial lines, including shared economy.

Property and casualty reinsurance is in place for the Allstate Protection, Discontinued Lines and Coverages and Protection Services segments. The Company purchases reinsurance after evaluating the financial condition of the reinsurer as well as the terms and price of coverage.

Indemnification programs

The Company participates in state-based industry pools or facilities mandating participation by insurers offering certain coverage in their state, including the Michigan Catastrophic Claims Association (“MCCA”), the New Jersey Property-Liability Insurance Guaranty Association (“PLIGA”), the North Carolina Reinsurance Facility (“NCRF”) and the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (“FHCF”). When the Company pays qualifying claims under the coverage indemnified by a state’s pool or facility, the Company is reimbursed for the qualifying claim losses or expenses. Each state pool or facility may assess participating companies to collect sufficient amounts to meet its total indemnification requirements. The enabling legislation for each state’s pool or facility compels the pool or facility only to indemnify participating companies for qualifying claim losses or expenses; the state pool or facility does not underwrite the coverage or take on the ultimate risk of the indemnified business. As a pass through, these pools or facilities manage the receipt of assessments paid by participating companies and payment of indemnified amounts for covered claims presented by participating companies. The Company has not had any credit losses related to these indemnification programs.

State-based industry pools or facilities

Michigan Catastrophic Claims Association The MCCA is a statutory indemnification mechanism for member insurers’ qualifying personal injury protection claims paid for the unlimited lifetime medical benefits above the applicable retention level for qualifying injuries from automobile, motorcycle and commercial vehicle accidents. Indemnification recoverables on paid and unpaid claims, including IBNR, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 include $5.65 billion and $5.50 billion, respectively, from the MCCA for its indemnification obligation.

The MCCA is funded by annually assessing participating member companies actively writing motor vehicle coverage in Michigan on a per vehicle basis that is currently $100 per vehicle insured. The MCCA’s calculation of the annual assessment is based upon the total of members’ actuarially determined present value of expected payments on lifetime claims by all persons expected to be catastrophically injured in that year and ultimately qualify for MCCA reimbursement, its operating expenses, and adjustments for the amount of excesses or deficiencies in prior assessments. The MCCA has also included its calculation of the impacts of the auto insurance reforms which have begun to phase in since their passage in June 2019, including the personal injury protection medical fee schedule that becomes effective July 2, 2021. The assessment is incurred by the Company as policies are written and recovered as a component of premiums from the Company’s customers.

The MCCA indemnifies qualifying claims of all current and former member companies (whether or not actively writing motor vehicle coverage in Michigan) for qualifying claims and claims expenses incurred while the member companies were actively writing the mandatory personal injury protection coverage in Michigan. Member companies actively writing automobile coverage in Michigan include the MCCA annual assessments in determining the level of premiums to charge insureds in the state.

As required for member companies by the MCCA, the Company reports covered paid and unpaid claims to the MCCA when estimates of loss for a reported claim are expected to exceed the retention level, the claims involve certain types of severe injuries, or there are litigation demands received suggesting the claim value exceeds certain thresholds. The retention level is adjusted upward every other MCCA fiscal year by the lesser of 6% or the increase in the Consumer Price Index. The retention level will be $600 thousand per claim for the fiscal two-years ending June 30, 2022 compared to $580 thousand per claim for the fiscal two-years ending June 30, 2020.

The MCCA is obligated to fund the ultimate liability of member companies’ qualifying claims and claim expenses. The MCCA does not underwrite the insurance coverage or hold any underwriting risk.

The MCCA indemnifies members as qualifying claims are paid and billed by members to the MCCA. Unlimited lifetime covered losses result in significant levels of ultimate incurred claim reserves being recorded by member companies along with offsetting indemnification recoverables. Disputes with claimants over coverage on certain reported claims can result in additional losses, which may be recoverable from the MCCA, excluding litigation expenses. There is currently no method by which insurers are able to obtain the benefit of managed care programs to reduce claims costs through the MCCA.

The MCCA annual assessments fund current operations and member company reimbursements. The MCCA prepares statutory-basis financial

statements in conformity with accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the State of Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services (“MI DOI”). The MI DOI has granted the MCCA a statutory permitted practice that expires in June 30, 2022 to discount its liabilities for loss and loss adjustment expense. As of June 30, 2020, the date of its most recent annual financial report, the MCCA had cash and invested assets of $23.41 billion and an accumulated surplus of $2.44 billion. The permitted practice reduced the accumulated deficit by $34.73 billion.

New Jersey Property-Liability Insurance Guaranty Association PLIGA serves as the statutory administrator of the Unsatisfied Claim and Judgment Fund (“UCJF”), Workers’ Compensation Security Fund and the New Jersey Surplus Lines Insurance Guaranty Fund.

In addition to its insolvency protection responsibilities, PLIGA reimburses insurers for unlimited excess medical benefits (“EMBs”) paid in connection with personal injury protection claims in excess of $75,000 for policies issued or renewed prior to January 1, 1991, and limited EMB claims in excess of $75,000 and capped at $250,000 for policies issued or renewed on or after January 1, 1991, to December 31, 2003.

A significant portion of the incurred claim reserves and the recoverables can be attributed to a small number of catastrophic claims. Assessments paid to PLIGA for the EMB program totaled $7 million in 2020. The amounts of paid and unpaid recoverables as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $389 million and $446 million, respectively.

PLIGA annually assesses all admitted property and casualty insurers writing covered lines in New Jersey for PLIGA indemnification and expenses. PLIGA assessments may be recouped as a surcharge on premiums collected. PLIGA does not ultimately retain underwriting risk as it assesses member companies for their expected qualifying losses to provide funding for payment of its indemnification obligation to member companies for their actual losses. As a pass through, PLIGA facilitates these transactions of receipt of assessments paid by member companies and payment to member companies for covered claims presented by them for indemnification. As of December 31, 2019, the date of its most recent annual financial report, PLIGA had a fund balance of $248 million.

As statutory administrator of the UCJF, PLIGA provides compensation to qualified claimants for personal injury protection, bodily injury, or death caused by private passenger automobiles operated by uninsured or “hit and run” drivers. The UCJF also provides private passenger pedestrian personal injury protection benefits when no other coverage is available.

PLIGA annually collects a UCJF assessment from all admitted property and casualty insurers writing motor vehicle liability insurance in New Jersey for UCJF indemnification and expenses. UCJF assessments can be expensed as losses recoverable in rates as

appropriate. As of December 31, 2019, the date of its most recent annual financial report, the UCJF fund had a balance of $50 million.

North Carolina Reinsurance Facility The NCRF provides automobile liability insurance to drivers that insurers are not otherwise willing to insure. All insurers licensed to write automobile insurance in North Carolina are members of the NCRF. Premiums, losses and expenses are assigned to the NCRF. North Carolina law allows the NCRF to recoup operating losses for certain insureds through a surcharge to policyholders. As of September 30, 2020, the NCRF reported a deficit of $125 million in members’ equity. The NCRF implemented a loss recoupment surcharge on all private passenger and commercial fleet policies effective October 1, 2020, through September 30, 2021. Member companies are assessed the recoupment surcharge. The loss recoupment surcharge will be adjusted on October 1, 2021 and discontinued once losses are recovered. The NCRF results are shared by the member companies in proportion to their respective North Carolina automobile liability writings. For the fiscal year ending September 30, 2020, net loss was $15 million, including $1.10 billion of earned premiums, $170 million of certain private passenger auto risk recoupment and $69.7 million of member loss recoupments. As of December 31, 2020, the NCRF recoverables on paid claims is $8.6 million and recoverables on unpaid claims is $58.4 million. Paid recoverable balances, if covered, are typically settled within sixty days of monthly filing.

Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund Allstate subsidiaries Castle Key Insurance Company (“CKIC”) and Castle Key Indemnity Company (“CKI”, and together with CKIC, “Castle Key”) participate in the mandatory coverage provided by the FHCF and therefore have access to reimbursement for certain qualifying Florida hurricane losses from the FHCF. Castle Key has exposure to assessments and pays annual premiums to the FHCF for this reimbursement protection. The FHCF has the authority to issue bonds to pay its obligations to participating insurers in excess of its capital balances. Payment of these bonds is funded by emergency assessments on all property and casualty premiums in the state, except workers’ compensation, medical malpractice, accident and health insurance and policies written under the National Flood Insurance Program (“NFIP”). The FHCF emergency assessments are limited to 6% of premiums per year beginning the first year in which reimbursements require bonding, and up to a total of 10% of premiums per year for assessments in the second and subsequent years, if required to fund additional bonding. The FHCF issued $2.00 billion in pre-event bonds in 2013 to build its capacity to reimburse member companies’ claims. The FHCF plans to fund these pre-event bonds through current FHCF cash flows. Pursuant to an Order issued by the Florida Office of Insurance Regulation, the emergency assessment is zero for all policies issued or renewed on or after January 1, 2015.

Annual premiums earned and paid under the FHCF agreement were $9 million, $9 million and $10 million in

2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Qualifying losses were $15 million, $33 million and $143 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company has access to reimbursement provided by the FHCF for 90% of qualifying personal property losses that exceed its current retention of $58 million for the two largest hurricanes and $19 million for other hurricanes, up to a maximum total of $146 million, effective from June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021. The amounts recoverable from the FHCF totaled $32 million and $52 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Federal Government - National Flood Insurance Program NFIP is a program administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”) whereby the Company sells and services NFIP flood insurance policies as an agent of FEMA and receives fees for its services. The Company is fully indemnified for claims and claim expenses and does not retain any ultimate risk for the indemnified business. The federal government is obligated to pay all claims and certain allocated loss adjustment expenses in accordance with the arrangement.

Congressional authorization for the NFIP is periodically evaluated and may be subjected to freezes, including when the federal government experiences a shutdown. FEMA has a NFIP reinsurance program to manage the future exposure of the NFIP through the transfer of risk to private reinsurance companies and capital market investors. Congress is evaluating the funding of the program as well as considering reforms to the program that would be incorporated in legislation to reauthorize the NFIP.

The amounts recoverable as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $30 million and $25 million, respectively. Premiums earned under the NFIP include $261 million, $258 million and $258 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Qualifying losses incurred include $87 million, $150 million and $118 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Catastrophe reinsurance

The Company’s reinsurance program is designed to provide reinsurance protection for catastrophes resulting from multiple perils including hurricanes, windstorms, hail, tornadoes, earthquakes, wildfires, and fires following earthquakes.

•The majority of the Company’s program comprises multi-year contracts, primarily placed in the traditional reinsurance market, such that generally one-third of the program is renewed every year.

•Coverage is generally purchased on a broad geographic, product line and multiple peril loss basis.

•The Company purchases reinsurance from traditional reinsurance companies as well as the insurance linked securities market.

•Florida personal lines property is covered by a separate agreement, as the risk of loss is different and the Company’s subsidiaries operating in this state are separately capitalized.

•A portion of New Jersey personal lines property and automobile remains covered by a separate standalone agreement.

The Company’s current catastrophe reinsurance program supports the Company’s risk tolerance framework that targets less than a 1% likelihood of annual aggregate catastrophe losses from hurricanes and earthquakes, excluding other catastrophe losses and, net of reinsurance, exceeding $2 billion.

The program includes coverage for losses to personal lines property, personal lines automobile, commercial lines property or commercial lines automobile arising out of multiple perils, in addition to hurricanes and earthquakes. These reinsurance agreements are part of the catastrophe management strategy, which is intended to provide shareholders an acceptable return on the risks assumed in the property business, and to reduce variability of earnings, while providing protection to customers. The Company has the following catastrophe reinsurance agreements in effect as of December 31, 2020.

The June 1, 2020 Nationwide Excess Catastrophe Reinsurance Program (the “Nationwide Program”) provides coverage up to $4.98 billion of loss less a $500 million retention, and is subject to the percentage of reinsurance placed in each of its agreements. Personal lines property business in the state of Florida is excluded from this program. New Jersey personal lines property and automobile are covered under portions of this program, in addition to a separate standalone agreement. Separate reinsurance agreements address the distinct needs of separately capitalized legal entities. The Nationwide Program includes reinsurance agreements with both the traditional and insurance linked securities (“ILS”) markets as described below:

•The traditional market placement provides limits totaling $3.00 billion for losses arising out of multiple perils and is comprised of $2.25 billion of limits with 1 annual reinstatement of limits; two contracts combining $462 million of limits with one reinstatement of limits over a seven-year term; and two single-year term contracts combining $284 million of limits with no reinstatements.

•ILS placements provide $1.53 billion of reinsurance limits for qualifying losses in all states except Florida caused by “Named Peril Basis” events with no reinstatement of the limits. ILS placements are comprised of $150 million and $375 million placements providing occurrence only coverage; and $100 million, $400 million and $500 million placements providing occurrence and aggregate protection. Allstate declared catastrophes to personal lines property and automobile business can be aggregated to erode the aggregate retention and qualify for coverage under the aggregate limit. Recoveries are limited to our ultimate net loss from the reinsured event.

The New Jersey standalone agreement comprises two contracts that reinsure personal lines property and automobile catastrophe losses caused by multiple perils in New Jersey and provides 63% of $400 million

of limits in excess of provisional retentions of $150 million. Each contract includes one annual reinstatement of limits. The New Jersey contracts inure to portions of the Nationwide Program.

The Kentucky earthquake agreement comprises a three-year term contract that reinsures personal lines property losses caused by earthquakes and fire following earthquakes in Kentucky and provides $28 million of limits, 95% placed, in excess of a $2 million retention.

The 2020 Florida program provides coverage up to $633 million of loss less a $20 million retention. The Florida program includes reinsurance agreements placed with the traditional market, the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (“FHCF”), and the Insurance Linked Securities (“ILS”) market as follows:

• The traditional market placement comprises $295 million of reinsurance limits for losses to personal lines property in Florida arising out of multiple perils. The Excess contract, which forms a part of the traditional market placement, with $264 million of limits, subject to a $20 million retention, provides coverage for perils not covered by the FHCF contracts, which only cover hurricanes.

• The FHCF contracts provide approximately $118 million of limits for qualifying losses to personal lines property in Florida caused by storms the National Hurricane Center declares to be hurricanes.

• The ILS placement provides $200 million of reinsurance limits for qualifying losses to personal lines property in Florida caused by a named storm event, a severe weather event, an earthquake event, a fire event, a volcanic eruption event, or a meteorite impact event.

The Company has not experienced credit losses on its catastrophe reinsurance programs. The total cost of the property catastrophe reinsurance program was $425 million, $386 million and $343 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Other reinsurance programs

The Company’s other reinsurance programs relate to asbestos, environmental, and other liability exposures and commercial lines, including shared economy. These programs include reinsurance recoverables of $166 million and $158 million from Lloyd’s of London as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Excluding Lloyd’s of London, the largest reinsurance recoverable balance the Company had outstanding was $165 million and $115 million from Aleka Insurance Inc. as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Lloyd’s of London, through the creation of Equitas Limited (“Equitas”), implemented a restructuring to solidify its capital base and to segregate claims for years prior to 1993. In 2007, Berkshire Hathaway’s subsidiary, National Indemnity Company, assumed responsibility for the Equitas’ claim liabilities through a loss portfolio transfer reinsurance agreement and continues to runoff the Equitas’ claims.

Life and annuity reinsurance recoverables

The Company reinsures certain life insurance and annuity risks to other insurers primarily under yearly renewable term, coinsurance, modified coinsurance and coinsurance with funds withheld agreements. These agreements result in a passing of the agreed-upon percentage of risk to the reinsurer in exchange for negotiated reinsurance premium payments. Modified coinsurance and coinsurance with funds withheld are similar to coinsurance, except that the cash and investments that support the liability for contract benefits are not transferred to the assuming company and settlements are made on a net basis between the companies.

For certain term life insurance policies issued prior to October 2009, the Company ceded up to 90% of the mortality risk depending on the year of policy issuance under coinsurance agreements to a pool of fourteen unaffiliated reinsurers. Effective October 2009, mortality risk on term business is ceded under yearly renewable term agreements under which the Company cedes mortality in excess of its retention, which is consistent with how the Company generally reinsures its permanent life insurance business.


Retention limits by period of policy issuance
Period						Retention limits
April 2015 through current						Single life: $2 million per life Joint life: no longer offered
April 2011 through March 2015						Single life: $5 million per life, $3 million age 70 and over, and $10 million for contracts that meet specific criteria Joint life: $8 million per life, and $10 million for contracts that meet specific criteria
July 2007 through March 2011						$5 million per life, $3 million age 70 and over, and $10 million for contracts that meet specific criteria
September 1998 through June 2007						$2 million per life, in 2006 the limit was increased to $5 million for instances when specific criteria were met
August 1998 and prior						Up to $1 million per life

In addition, the Company has used reinsurance to effect the disposition of certain blocks of business. The Company had reinsurance recoverables of $1.28 billion and $1.29 billion as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, due from Prudential related to the disposal of substantially all of its variable annuity business that was effected through reinsurance agreements.


Amounts ceded to Prudential
	December 31,
($ in millions)	2020		2019		2018
Premiums and contract charges	$	64	$	65	$	72
Contract benefits	46		(4)		87
Interest credited to contractholder funds	20		19		20
Operating costs and expenses	12		12		14

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had reinsurance recoverables of $99 million and $112 million, respectively, due from subsidiaries of Citigroup (Triton Insurance and American Health and Life Insurance) and Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. in connection with the disposition of substantially all of the direct response distribution business in 2003.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had $66 million and $73 million of reinsurance recoverables related to Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. On December 14, 2018, the Delaware Insurance Commissioner placed Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. under regulatory supervision. On March 6, 2019, the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware entered a Rehabilitation and Injunction Order (the “Rehabilitation Order”) in response to a petition filed by the Insurance Commissioner (the “Petition”).

The Company joined in a joint motion filed on behalf of several affected parties asking the court to allow a specified amount of offsetting claim payments and losses against premiums remitted to Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. The Company also filed a separate motion related to the reimbursement of claim payments where Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. is also acting as administrator. The Court has not yet ruled on either of these motions. In the interim, the Company and several other affected parties have been permitted to exercise certain setoff rights while the parties address any potential disputes. On June 30, 2020, pursuant to the Petition, Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. submitted a proposed Plan of Rehabilitation (“Plan”) for consideration by the Court. On November 2, 2020, the Court issued a Third Amended Order to Show Cause scheduling a hearing on the Petition and Plan for May 25, 2021. The Company continues to monitor Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. for future developments and will reevaluate its allowance for expected credit losses as new information becomes available.

The Company is the assuming reinsurer for Lincoln Benefit Life Company’s (“LBL’s”) life insurance business sold through the Allstate agency channel and LBL’s payout annuity business in force prior to the sale of LBL on April 1, 2014. Under the terms of the reinsurance agreement, the Company is required to have a trust with assets greater than or equal to the statutory reserves ceded by LBL to the Company, measured on a monthly basis. As of December 31, 2020, the trust held $6.29 billion of investments, which are reported in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

As of December 31, 2020, the gross life insurance in force was $425.44 billion of which $67.32 billion was ceded to the unaffiliated reinsurers.