10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

__________________________

Form 10-K

__________________________

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from          to          

Commission File Number 1-36756

__________________________

Lamar Advertising Company

__________________________

Commission File Number 1-12407

__________________________

Lamar Media Corp.

(Exact names of registrants as specified in their charters)

__________________________

Delaware	47-0961620
Delaware	72-1205791
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
5321 Corporate Blvd., Baton Rouge, LA	70808
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrants’ telephone number, including area code: (225) 926-1000

SECURITIES OF LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, $0.001 par value	LAMR	The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

SECURITIES OF LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:

None

SECURITIES OF LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

None

SECURITIES OF LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:

None

___________________________________________

Indicate by check mark if Lamar Advertising Company is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if Lamar Advertising Company is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if Lamar Media Corp. is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if Lamar Media Corp. is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether each registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether each registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Date File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether Lamar Advertising Company is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	¨
Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if Lamar Advertising Company has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether Lamar Advertising Company has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. x

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to Section 240.10D-1(b). ¨

Indicate by check mark whether Lamar Media Corp. is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	x	Smaller reporting company	¨
Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if Lamar Media Corp. has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether Lamar Media Corp. has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to Section 240.10D-1(b). ¨

Indicate by check mark if either registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by nonaffiliates of Lamar Advertising Company was $8,541,454,206 based on $99.25 per share as reported at the close of trading on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

As of June 30, 2023, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by nonaffiliates of Lamar Media Corp. was $0.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuers’ classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class	Outstanding at February 1, 2024
Lamar Advertising Company Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share	87,645,560 shares
Lamar Advertising Company Class B common stock, $0.001 par value per share	14,420,085 shares
Lamar Media Corp. common stock, $0.001 par value per share	100 shares

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Document	Parts into Which Incorporated
Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on May 16, 2024 (Proxy Statement)	Part III

This combined Form 10-K is separately filed by (i) Lamar Advertising Company and (ii) Lamar Media Corp. (which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lamar Advertising Company). Lamar Media Corp. meets the conditions set forth in general instruction I(1) (a) and (b) of Form 10-K and is, therefore, filing this form with the reduced disclosure format permitted by such instruction.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
ITEM 1.	Business	5
	General	5
	Corporate History	5
	Operating Strategies	6
	Capital Allocation Strategy	6
	Company Operations	7
	Competition	9
	Geographic Diversification	10
	Taxable REIT Subsidiaries	10
	Advertising Tenants	11
	Regulation	11
	Legal Proceedings	12
	Real Estate Portfolio	12
	Contract Expirations	13
	Human Capital Resources	13
	Inflation	14
	Seasonality	14
	Available Information	14
ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	15
ITEM 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	24
ITEM 1C.	Cybersecurity	24
ITEM 2.	Properties	25
ITEM 3.	Legal Proceedings	25
ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	25
PART II
ITEM 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	26
ITEM 6.	Reserved	26
ITEM 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
	Lamar Advertising Company	26
	Overview	27
	Non-GAAP Financial Measures	27
	Results of Operations: Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	28
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	31
	Critical Accounting Estimates	38
	Accounting Standards and Regulatory Update	39
	Lamar Media	39
	Results of Operations: Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022	39
ITEM 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	43
ITEM 8.	Financial Statements	44
ITEM 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	103
ITEM 9A.	Controls and Procedures	103
ITEM 9B.	Other Information	104
ITEM 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections	104

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PART III
ITEM 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	105
ITEM 11.	Executive Compensation	105
ITEM 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	105
ITEM 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	105
ITEM 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	105
PART IV
ITEM 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	106
ITEM 16.	Form 10-K Summary	106
Index to Exhibits		107
Signatures		121

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NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain information included in this report is forward-looking in nature within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. This report uses terminology such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “plans,” “expects,” “future,” “intends,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements in this report include statements about: (i) our future financial performance and condition; (ii) our business plans, objectives, prospects, growth and operating strategies; (iii) our future capital expenditures and level of acquisition activity; (iv) our ability to integrate acquired assets and realize operating efficiency from acquisitions; (v) market opportunities and competitive positions; (vi) our future cash flows and expected cash requirements; (vii) expected timing and amount of distributions to our stockholders; (viii) estimated risks; (ix) our ability to maintain compliance with applicable covenants and restrictions included in Lamar Media Corp’s (“Lamar Media”) senior credit facility, Accounts Receivable Securitization Program (as defined herein) and the indentures relating to its outstanding notes; (x) stock price; and (xi) our ability to remain qualified as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”).

Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors, including but not limited to the following, any of which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements: (i) the state of the economy and financial markets generally and their effects on the markets in which we operate and the broader demand for advertising; (ii) the levels of expenditures on advertising in general and outdoor advertising in particular; (iii) risks and uncertainties relating to our significant indebtedness; (iv) the demand for outdoor advertising and its continued popularity as an advertising medium; (v) our need for, and ability to obtain, additional funding for acquisitions, operations and debt refinancing; (vi) increased competition within the outdoor advertising industry; (vii) the regulation of the outdoor advertising industry by federal, state and local governments; (viii) our ability to renew expiring contracts at favorable rates; (ix) the integration of businesses and assets that we acquire and our ability to recognize cost savings and operating efficiencies as a result of these acquisitions; (x) our ability to successfully implement our digital deployment strategy; (xi) the market for our Class A common stock; (xii) changes in accounting principles, policies or guidelines; (xiii) our ability to effectively mitigate the threat of and damages caused by hurricanes and other kinds of severe weather; (xiv) our ability to maintain our status as a REIT; and (xv) changes in tax laws applicable to REITs or in the interpretation of those laws.

The forward-looking statements in this report are based on our current good faith beliefs; however, actual results may differ due to inaccurate assumptions, the factors listed above or other foreseeable or unforeseeable factors. Consequently, we cannot guarantee that any of the forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate. The forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the date of this report, and Lamar Advertising Company and Lamar Media Corp. expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to update or revise any forward-looking statement contained in this report, except as required by law.

INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

The industry and market data presented throughout this report are based on the experience and estimates of our management and the data in reports issued by third-parties, including the Out of Home Advertising Association of America (OAAA). In each case, we believe this industry and market data is reasonable. We have not, however, independently verified the industry and market data derived from third-party sources, and no independent source has verified the industry and market data derived from management’s experience and estimates.

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PART I

ITEM 1.    BUSINESS

GENERAL

Lamar Advertising Company is one of the largest outdoor advertising companies in the United States based on number of displays and has operated under the Lamar name since 1902. We operate in a single operating and reporting segment, advertising. We rent space for advertising on billboards, buses, shelters, benches, logo plates and in airport terminals. We offer our customers a fully integrated service, satisfying all aspects of their display requirements from ad copy production to placement and maintenance.

We operate three types of outdoor advertising displays: billboards, logo signs and transit advertising displays.

Billboards. As of December 31, 2023, we owned and operated approximately 160,400 billboard advertising displays in 45 states and Canada. We rent most of our advertising space on two types of billboards: bulletins and posters.

•Bulletins are generally large, illuminated advertising structures that are located on major highways and target vehicular traffic.

•Posters are generally smaller advertising structures that are located on major traffic arteries and city streets and target vehicular and pedestrian traffic.

In addition to traditional billboards, we also rent space on digital billboards, which are generally located on major traffic arteries and city streets. As of December 31, 2023, we owned and operated approximately 4,750 digital billboard advertising displays in 43 states and Canada.

Logo signs. We rent advertising space on logo signs located near highway exits.

•Logo signs generally advertise nearby gas, food, camping, lodging and other attractions.

We are the largest provider of logo signs in the United States, operating 23 of the 26 privatized state logo sign contracts. As of December 31, 2023, we operated approximately 139,250 logo sign advertising displays in 23 states and the province of Ontario, Canada.

Transit advertising displays. We also rent advertising space on the exterior and interior of public transportation vehicles, in airport terminals, and on transit shelters and benches in over 80 markets. As of December 31, 2023, we operated approximately 47,850 transit advertising displays in 24 states and Canada.

CORPORATE HISTORY

We have operated under the Lamar name since our founding in 1902 and have been publicly traded on NASDAQ under the symbol “LAMR” since 1996.

During 2014, we completed a reorganization in order to qualify as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) for federal income tax purposes. During 2022, the Company completed a tax reorganization to a specific type of REIT known as an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust ("UPREIT"). The UPREIT structure allows property owners of appreciated properties to contribute property to the operating partnership of the REIT, on a tax-deferred basis, in exchange for a partnership interest in the form of operating partnership units.

In this Annual Report, unless the context otherwise requires, we refer to Lamar Advertising Company and its consolidated subsidiaries (and its predecessor and its consolidated subsidiaries), as applicable, as the “Company”, “Lamar Advertising” or “we”, and we refer to Lamar Advertising’s wholly owned subsidiary Lamar Media Corp. as “Lamar Media.”

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OPERATING STRATEGIES

We strive to be a leading provider of outdoor advertising services in each of the markets that we serve, and our operating strategies for achieving that goal include:

Continuing to provide high quality local sales and service. We seek to identify and closely monitor the needs of our tenants and to provide them with a full complement of high quality advertising services. Local advertising constituted approximately 78% of our outdoor net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, which management believes is higher than the industry average. We believe that the experience of our regional, territory and local managers has contributed greatly to our success. For example, our regional managers have been with us for an average of 32 years. In an effort to provide high quality sales and service at the local level, we employed approximately 985 local account executives as of December 31, 2023. Local account executives are typically supported by additional local staff and have the ability to draw upon the resources of our central office, as well as our offices in other markets, in the event business opportunities or customers’ needs support such an allocation of resources.

Continuing a centralized control and decentralized management structure. Our management believes that, for our particular business, centralized control and a decentralized organization provide for greater economies of scale and are more responsive to local market demands. Therefore, we maintain centralized accounting and financial control over our local operations, but our local managers are responsible for the day-to-day operations in each local market and are compensated according to that market’s financial performance.

Continuing to focus on internal growth. Within our existing markets we seek to increase our revenue and improve cash flow by employing highly-targeted local marketing efforts to improve our display occupancy rates and by increasing advertising rates where and when demand can absorb rate increases. Our local offices spearhead this effort and respond to local customer demands quickly.

In addition, we routinely invest in upgrading our existing displays and constructing new displays. Since January 1, 2014, we have invested approximately $1.23 billion in capitalized expenditures, which include improvements to our existing real estate portfolio, improvements to recently acquired locations and the construction of new locations. Our regular improvement and expansion of our advertising display inventory allows us to provide high quality service to our current tenants and to attract new tenants.

Continuing to pursue other outdoor advertising opportunities. We plan to renew existing logo sign contracts and pursue additional logo sign contracts. Logo sign opportunities arise periodically, both from states initiating new logo sign programs and states converting from government-owned and operated programs to privately-owned and operated programs. Furthermore, we plan to pursue additional tourist oriented directional sign programs in both the United States and Canada and also other motorist information signing programs as opportunities present themselves. In addition, in an effort to maintain market share, we continue to pursue attractive transit and airport advertising opportunities as they become available.

Reinvesting in capital expenditures including digital technology. We have a history of investing in capital expenditures, particularly in our digital platform. We spent approximately $178.3 million in total capital expenditures in fiscal year 2023, of which approximately $75.5 million was spent on digital technology. We expect our 2024 capitalized expenditures to be approximately $125 million.

Growing our out-of-home programmatic channel. We offer a portion of our unsold digital display inventory to advertisers via our programmatic partners. Through these programmatic partners, advertisers can buy advertising space across multiple channels, allowing them to complement their existing campaigns by leasing our digital out-of-home offerings. While the programmatic out-of-home channel is relatively new and a small portion of our existing business, we believe it represents a growth area for our industry and our business.

CAPITAL ALLOCATION STRATEGY

The objective of our capital allocation strategy is to simultaneously increase adjusted funds from operations and our return on invested capital. To maintain our REIT status, we are required to distribute to our stockholders annually an amount equal to at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains. After complying with our REIT distribution requirements, we plan to continue to allocate our available capital among investment alternatives that meet our return on investment criteria. During 2023, we generated $783.6 million of cash from operating activities, which was used to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions, and dividends to our stockholders.

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•Capital expenditures program. We will continue to reinvest in our existing assets and expand our outdoor advertising display portfolio through new construction. This includes growth and maintenance capital expenditures associated with the construction of new and existing billboard displays, the entrance into and renewal of logo sign and transit contracts, technology-related investments and the purchase of real estate and operating equipment.

•Acquisitions. We will seek to pursue strategic acquisitions of outdoor advertising businesses and assets. This includes acquisitions in our existing markets and in new markets where we can meet our return on investment criteria. When evaluating investments in new markets, our return on investment criteria reflects the additional risks inherent to the particular geographic area.

COMPANY OPERATIONS

Billboard Advertising

We rent most of our advertising space on two types of billboard advertising displays: bulletins and posters. As of December 31, 2023, we owned and operated approximately 160,400 billboard advertising displays in 45 states and Canada.  In 2023, we derived approximately 77% of our billboard advertising net revenues from bulletin rentals and 23% from poster rentals.

Bulletins are large advertising structures (the most common size is 14 feet high by 48 feet wide, or 672 square feet) consisting of panels on which advertising copy is displayed. We wrap advertising copy printed with computer-generated graphics on a single sheet of vinyl around the structure. To attract more attention, some of the panels may extend beyond the linear edges of the display face and may include three-dimensional embellishments. Because of their greater impact and higher cost, bulletins are usually located on major highways and target vehicular traffic. At December 31, 2023, we operated approximately 79,400 bulletin displays.

We generally rent individually-selected bulletin space to advertisers for the duration of the contract (ranging from 4 to 52 weeks). We also rent bulletins as part of a rotary plan under which we rotate the advertising copy from one bulletin location to another within a particular market at stated intervals (usually every sixty to ninety days) to achieve greater reach within that market.

Posters are smaller advertising structures (the most common size is 11 feet high by 23 feet wide, or 253 square feet; we also operate junior posters, which are 5 feet high by 11 feet wide, or 55 square feet). Poster panels utilize a single flexible sheet of polyethylene material that inserts onto the face of the panel. Posters are concentrated on major traffic arteries and target vehicular traffic, and junior posters are concentrated on city streets and target hard-to-reach pedestrian traffic and nearby residents. At December 31, 2023, we operated approximately 81,000 poster displays.

We generally rent poster space for 4 to 26 weeks, determined by the advertiser’s campaign needs.  Posters are sold in packages of Target Rating Point (“TRP”) levels, which determine the percentage of a target audience an advertiser needs to reach.  A package may include a combination of poster locations in order to meet reach and frequency campaign goals.

In addition to the traditional static displays, we also rent digital billboards. Digital billboards are large electronic light emitting diode (“LED”) displays (the most common sizes are 14 feet high by 48 feet wide, or 672 square feet; 10.5 feet high by 36 feet wide, or 378 square feet; and 10 feet high by 21 feet wide, or 210 square feet) that are generally located on major traffic arteries and city streets. Digital billboards are capable of generating over one billion colors and vary in brightness based on ambient conditions. They display completely digital advertising copy from various advertisers in a slide show fashion, rotating each advertisement approximately every 6 to 8 seconds. At December 31, 2023, our inventory included approximately 4,750 digital display billboards in various markets. These 4,750 digital billboards generated approximately 31% of billboard advertising net revenue.

We own the physical structures on which the advertising copy is displayed. We build the structures on locations we either own or lease. In each local office, one employee typically performs site leasing activities for the markets served by that office. See Item 2. — “Properties.”

In the majority of our markets, our local production staffs perform the full range of activities required to create and install billboard advertising displays. Production work includes creating the advertising copy design and layout, coordinating its printing and installing the designs on the displays. Our talented design staff uses state-of-the-art technology to prepare creative, eye-catching displays for our tenants. We can also help with the strategic placement of advertisements throughout an

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advertiser’s market by using software that allows us to analyze the target audience and its demographics. Our artists also assist in developing marketing presentations, demonstrations and strategies to attract new tenant advertisers.

In marketing billboard displays to advertisers, we compete with other forms of out-of-home advertising and other media. When selecting the media and provider through which to advertise, advertisers consider a number of factors and advertising providers, which are described in the section titled — “Competition” below.

Logo Sign Advertising

We entered the logo sign advertising business in 1988 and have become the largest provider of logo sign services in the United States, operating 23 of the 26 privatized state logo contracts. We erect logo signs, which generally advertise nearby gas, food, camping, lodging and other attractions, and directional signs, which direct vehicle traffic to nearby services and tourist attractions, near highway exits. As of December 31, 2023, we operated approximately 42,200 logo sign structures containing approximately 139,250 logo advertising displays in the United States and Canada.

We operate the logo sign contracts in the province of Ontario, Canada and in the following states:

Colorado	Kansas	Minnesota	Montana	New Hampshire	Ohio	Tennessee
Delaware	Kentucky	Mississippi	Nebraska	New Jersey	Oklahoma	Utah
Florida	Louisiana	Missouri(1)	Nevada	New Mexico	South Carolina	Wisconsin
Georgia	Michigan

(1)The logo sign contract in Missouri is operated by a 66 2/3% owned partnership.

We also operate the tourist oriented directional signing (“TODS”) programs for the states of Colorado, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, Ohio, South Carolina, Utah, and the province of Ontario, Canada, providing approximately 16,000 advertising displays.

Our logo and TODS operations are decentralized. Generally, each office is staffed with an experienced local general manager, local sales and office staff and a local signing sub-contractor. This decentralization allows the management staff of Interstate Logos, L.L.C. (the subsidiary that operates all of the logo and directional sign-related businesses) to travel extensively to the various operations and serve in a technical and management advisory capacity and monitor regulatory and contract compliance. We also run a silk screening operation in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and a display construction company in Atlanta, Georgia.

State logo sign contracts represent the exclusive right to erect and operate logo signs within a state for a period of time. The terms of the contracts vary, but generally range from five to ten years, with additional renewal terms. Each logo sign contract generally allows the state to terminate the contract prior to its expiration and, in most cases, with compensation for the termination to be paid to the Company. When a logo sign contract expires, we transfer ownership of the advertising structures to the state. Depending on the contract, we may or may not be entitled to compensation at that time. Of our 24 logo sign contracts in place, in the United States and Canada, at December 31, 2023, 4 are subject to renewal or expiration in 2024.

States usually award new logo sign contracts and renew expiring logo sign contracts through an open proposal process. In bidding for new and renewal contracts, we compete against other logo sign providers, as well as local companies based in the state soliciting proposals.

In marketing logo signs to advertisers, we compete with other forms of out-of-home advertising and other media. When selecting the media and provider through which to advertise, advertisers consider a number of factors and advertising providers which are described in the section titled — “Competition” below.

Transit Advertising

We entered into the transit advertising business in 1993 as a way to complement our existing business and maintain market share in certain markets. Transit contracts are generally with the local municipalities and airport authorities and allow us the exclusive right to rent advertising space to customers in airports and on buses, benches or shelters. The terms of the contracts vary but generally range between 3-10 years, many with renewable options for contract extension. We rent transit advertising displays in airport terminals and on bus shelters, benches and buses in over 80 transit markets, and our production staff provides a full range of creative and installation services to our transit advertising tenants. As of December 31, 2023, we operated approximately 47,850 transit advertising displays in 24 states and Canada.

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Municipalities usually award new transit advertising contracts and renew expiring transit advertising contracts through an open bidding process. In bidding for new and renewal contracts, we compete against national outdoor advertising providers and local, on-premise sign providers and sign construction companies. Transit advertising operators incur significant start-up costs to build and install the advertising structures (such as transit shelters) upon being awarded contracts.

In marketing transit advertising displays to advertisers, we compete with other forms of out-of-home advertising and other media. When selecting the media and provider through which to advertise, advertisers consider a number of factors and advertising providers which are described in the section titled — “Competition” below.

COMPETITION

Although the outdoor advertising industry has encountered a wave of consolidation, the industry remains fragmented. The industry is comprised of several large outdoor advertising and media companies with operations in multiple markets, as well as smaller, local companies operating a limited number of structures in one or a few local markets.

Although we primarily focus on small to mid-size markets where we can attain a strong market share, in each of our markets we compete against other providers of outdoor advertising and other types of media, including:

•Larger outdoor advertising providers, such as (i) Clear Channel Outdoor Holdings, Inc., which operates billboards, street furniture displays, transit displays and other out-of-home advertising displays and (ii) Outfront Media, Inc., which operates traditional outdoor, street furniture and transit advertising properties.

•Broadcast and cable television, radio, print media, direct mail marketing, the internet, social media and applications used in conjunction with wireless devices.

•An increasing variety of out-of-home advertising media, such as advertising displays in shopping centers, malls, airports, stadiums, movie theaters, supermarkets and advertising displays on taxis, trains and buses.

In selecting the form of media through which to advertise, advertisers evaluate their ability to target audiences having a specific demographic profile, lifestyle, brand or media consumption or purchasing behavior or audiences located in, or traveling through, a particular geography. Advertisers also compare the relative costs of available media, evaluating the number of impressions (potential viewings), exposure (the opportunity for advertising to be seen) and circulation (traffic volume in a market), as well as potential effectiveness, quality of related services (such as advertising copy design and layout) and customer service. In competing with other media, we believe that outdoor advertising is relatively more cost-efficient than other media, allowing advertisers to reach broader audiences and target specific geographic areas or demographic groups within markets.

We believe that our strong emphasis on sales and customer service and our position as a major provider of advertising services in each of our primary markets enables us to compete effectively with the other outdoor advertising companies, as well as with other media, within those markets.

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GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFICATION

Our advertising displays are geographically diversified across the United States and Canada. The following table sets forth information regarding the geographic diversification of our advertising displays, which are listed in order of contribution to total revenue. Markets with less than 1% of total displays are grouped in the category “all other United States.”

	Percentage of Revenues for the year ended, December 31, 2023															Number of Displays for the year ended, December 31, 2023
Market	Static Billboard Displays			Digital Billboard Displays			Transit Displays			Logo Displays			Total Displays			Static Billboard Displays	Digital Billboard Displays	Transit Displays	Logo Displays	Total Displays	Percentage of Total Displays
Las Vegas, NV	1.4		%	2.2		%	18.2		%	—			2.8		%	742	90	1,504	—	2,336	0.6	%
New York, NY	2.3		%	2.2		%	—			—			2.0		%	1,009	69	—	—	1,078	0.3	%
Chicago, IL	1.9		%	2.4		%	—			—			1.8		%	2,074	157	—	—	2,231	0.6	%
Pittsburgh, PA	1.9		%	1.9		%	0.4		%	—			1.7		%	2,866	64	327	—	3,257	0.9	%
Cleveland, OH	1.6		%	1.7		%	1.6		%	—			1.6		%	2,250	58	2,535	—	4,843	1.3	%
Nashville, TN	1.6		%	2.2		%	—			—			1.6		%	2,096	89	—	—	2,185	0.6	%
San Bernardino, CA	1.4		%	2.2		%	1.6		%	—			1.6		%	624	56	1,158	—	1,838	0.5	%
Dallas, TX	1.8		%	0.9		%	2.2		%	—			1.5		%	1,268	30	459	—	1,757	0.5	%
Atlanta, GA	1.1		%	2.6		%	—			—			1.4		%	838	91	—	—	929	0.3	%
Knoxville, TN	1.8		%	1.0		%	—			—			1.4		%	2,360	64	—	—	2,424	0.7	%
Phoenix, AZ	0.3		%	2.4		%	7.0		%	—			1.3		%	149	69	4,048	—	4,266	1.2	%
Birmingham, AL	1.4		%	1.3		%	0.3		%	—			1.3		%	2,096	51	273	—	2,420	0.7	%
Seattle, WA	1.5		%	0.7		%	1.4		%	—			1.2		%	1,547	19	1,736	—	3,302	0.9	%
Indianapolis, IN	1.3		%	1.0		%	1.4		%	—			1.2		%	2,504	35	123	—	2,662	0.7	%
Raleigh, NC	1.5		%	0.8		%	—			—			1.1		%	2,550	47	—	—	2,597	0.7	%
Oklahoma City, OK	1.2		%	1.3		%	0.3		%	—			1.1		%	2,008	43	35	—	2,086	0.6	%
Richmond, VA	1.1		%	1.5		%	—			—			1.1		%	1,260	51	—	—	1,311	0.4	%
Greenville-Spartanburg, SC	1.3		%	1.1		%	—			—			1.1		%	1,837	50	—	—	1,887	0.5	%
Reading, PA	1.1		%	1.6		%	—			—			1.1		%	1,373	104	—	—	1,477	0.4	%
Hartford, CT	1.0		%	1.7		%	—			—			1.1		%	835	53	—	—	888	0.2	%
Cincinnati, OH	0.9		%	1.8		%	—			—			1.0		%	1,118	44	—	—	1,162	0.3	%
Baton Rouge, LA	1.1		%	1.2		%	—			—			1.0		%	1,364	53	—	—	1,417	0.4	%
All US Logo Programs*	—			—			—			92.6		%	3.6		%	—	—	—	144,503	144,503	39.8	%
All Other United States	69.5		%	64.3		%	49.7		%	—			64.0		%	120,869	3,372	25,155	—	149,396	41.1	%
All Other Canada*	—			—			15.9		%	7.4		%	1.4		%	—	—	10,514	10,730	21,244	5.8	%
Total	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	100.0		%	155,637	4,759	47,867	155,233	363,496	100.0	%
Total Revenue (in millions)	$	1,315.4		$	562.4		$	150.9		$	82.3		$	2,111.0

* Logo displays at December 31, 2023 include 15,995 displays related to the tourist oriented direction signing ("TODS") programs.

TAXABLE REIT SUBSIDIARIES

We hold and operate certain of our assets that cannot be held and operated directly by a REIT through taxable REIT subsidiaries, or TRSs. A TRS is a subsidiary of a REIT that pays corporate taxes on its taxable income. The assets held in our TRSs primarily consist of our transit advertising business, advertising services business and our foreign operations. We may, from time to time, change the election of previously designated TRSs to be treated as qualified REIT subsidiaries (“QRSs”) or other disregarded entities, and may reorganize and transfer certain assets or operations from our TRSs to other subsidiaries, including QRSs.

Our TRS assets and operations will continue to be subject, as applicable, to U.S. federal and state corporate income taxes. Furthermore, our assets and operations outside the United States will continue to be subject to foreign taxes in the jurisdictions in which those assets and operations are located. Net income from our TRSs will either be retained by our TRSs and used to fund their operations, or distributed to us, where it will be reinvested in our business or be available for distribution to Lamar Advertising’s stockholders. As of December 31, 2023, the annual taxable revenue generated by our TRSs in the aggregate was approximately $350.8 million.

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ADVERTISING TENANTS

Our tenant base is diverse. The table below sets forth the industries from which we derived most of our billboard advertising revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, as well as the percentage of billboard advertising revenues attributable to the advertisers in those industries. The individual advertisers in these industries accounted for approximately 73% of our billboard advertising net revenues in the year ended December 31, 2023. No individual tenant accounted for more than 2% of our billboard advertising net revenues in that period.

Categories	Percentage of Net Billboard Advertising Revenues
Service	16	%
Health Care	11	%
Restaurants	10	%
Retailers	8	%
Automotive	5	%
Amusement — Entertainment/Sports	5	%
Gaming	4	%
Financial — Banks, Credit Unions	4	%
Education	4	%
Public Service	3	%
Insurance	3	%
	73	%

REGULATION

Outdoor advertising is subject to governmental regulation at the federal, state and local levels. Regulations generally restrict the size, spacing, lighting and other aspects of advertising structures and pose a significant barrier to entry and expansion in many markets.  Federal law, principally the Highway Beautification Act of 1965 (the “HBA”), regulates outdoor advertising on Federal — Aid Primary, Interstate and National Highway Systems roads. The HBA requires states, through the adoption of individual Federal/State agreements, to “effectively control” outdoor advertising along these roads, and mandates a state compliance program and state standards regarding size, spacing and lighting. These state standards, or their local and municipal equivalents, may be modified over time in response to legal challenges or otherwise, which may have an adverse effect on our business. The HBA requires any state or political subdivision that compels the removal of a lawful billboard along a Federal — Aid Primary or Interstate highway to pay just compensation to the billboard owner.

All states have passed billboard control statutes and regulations at least as restrictive as the federal requirements, including laws requiring the removal of illegal signs at the owner’s expense (and without compensation from the state). Although we believe that the number of our billboards that may be subject to removal as illegal is immaterial, and no state in which we operate has banned billboards entirely, from time to time governments have required us to remove signs and billboards legally erected in accordance with federal, state and local permit requirements and laws. Municipal and county governments generally also have sign controls as part of their zoning laws and building codes. We contest laws and regulations that we believe unlawfully restrict our constitutional or other legal rights and may adversely impact the growth of our outdoor advertising business.

Using federal funding for transportation enhancement programs, state governments have purchased and removed billboards for beautification, and may do so again in the future. Under the power of eminent domain, state or municipal governments have laid claim to property and forced the removal of billboards. Under a concept called amortization by which a governmental body asserts that a billboard operator has earned compensation by continued operation over time, local governments have attempted to force removal of legal but nonconforming billboards (i.e., billboards that conformed with applicable zoning regulations when built but which do not conform to current zoning regulations). Although the legality of amortization is questionable, it has been upheld in some instances. Often, municipal and county governments also have sign controls as part of their zoning laws, with some local governments prohibiting construction of new billboards or allowing new construction only to replace existing structures. Although we have generally been able to obtain satisfactory compensation for those of our billboards purchased or removed as a result of governmental action, there is no assurance that this will continue to be the case in the future.

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We have continued to expand the deployment of digital billboards, which display static digital advertising copy from various advertisers that change every 6 to 8 seconds. We have encountered some existing regulations that restrict or prohibit these types of digital displays, but it has not yet materially impacted our digital deployment. However, new regulations could be enacted to impose greater restrictions on digital billboards due to alleged concerns over aesthetics or driver safety.

The findings of future studies related to the impact of digital billboards on driver safety issues, if any, may result in regulations at the federal or state level that impose greater restrictions on digital billboards. Any new restrictions on digital billboards could have a material adverse effect on both our existing inventory of digital billboards and our plans to expand our digital deployment, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we are involved in litigation in the ordinary course of business, including disputes involving advertising contracts, site leases, employment claims and construction matters. We are also involved in routine administrative and judicial proceedings regarding billboard permits, fees and compensation for condemnations. We are not a party to any lawsuit or proceeding which, in the opinion of management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on us.

REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO

Our management headquarters is located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. We also own 128 local operating facilities with front office administration and sales office space connected to back-shop poster and bulletin production space. In addition, we lease an additional 160 operating facilities at an aggregate lease expense for 2023 of approximately $10.1 million.

We own approximately 10,750 parcels of property beneath our advertising displays. As of December 31, 2023, we leased approximately 72,350 outdoor sites, accounting for an annualized lease expense of approximately $335.4 million. This amount represented approximately 18% of billboard advertising net revenues for that period. These leases are for varying terms ranging from month-to-month to a term of over ten years, and many provide us with renewal options. Our lease agreements generally permit us to use the land for the construction, repair and relocation of outdoor advertising displays, including all rights necessary to access and maintain the site. Approximately 75% of our leases will expire or be subject to renewal in the next 5 years, 15% will expire or be subject to renewal in 6 to 10 years and 10% thereafter. There is no significant concentration of displays under any one lease or subject to negotiation with any one landlord. An important part of our management activity is to manage our lease portfolio and negotiate suitable lease renewals and extensions.

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The following table illustrates the number of leased and owned sites by state as of December 31, 2023, which is sorted from greatest to least in number and percentage of leased sites. States in which we lease less than 2% of our portfolio are grouped in the category “All Other States and Canada”.

State	# of billboard leased sites	% of total		# of owned billboard sites	% of total
Texas	5,007	6.9	%	1,048	9.7	%
Pennsylvania	4,819	6.7	%	1,617	15.0	%
California	4,374	6.1	%	151	1.4	%
Ohio	4,091	5.7	%	593	5.5	%
North Carolina	3,824	5.3	%	282	2.6	%
Alabama	3,369	4.7	%	521	4.8	%
Georgia	3,353	4.6	%	318	3.0	%
Indiana	3,084	4.3	%	629	5.9	%
Louisiana	2,947	4.1	%	541	5.0	%
Tennessee	2,941	4.1	%	488	4.5	%
Florida	2,901	4.0	%	493	4.6	%
Wisconsin	2,495	3.4	%	411	3.8	%
South Carolina	2,260	3.1	%	151	1.4	%
New York	2,131	2.9	%	221	2.1	%
Missouri	1,985	2.7	%	301	2.8	%
Michigan	1,946	2.7	%	287	2.7	%
Mississippi	1,842	2.5	%	414	3.9	%
Oklahoma	1,676	2.3	%	140	1.3	%
Virginia	1,554	2.1	%	178	1.7	%
Illinois	1,492	2.1	%	338	3.1	%
All Other States and Canada	14,252	19.7	%	1,635	15.2	%
	72,343	100.0	%	10,757	100.0	%

CONTRACT EXPIRATIONS

We derive revenues primarily from renting advertising space to customers on our advertising displays. Our contracts with customers generally cover periods ranging from one week to one year and are generally billed every four weeks. Since contract terms are short-term in nature, we do not consider revenues by year of contract expiration to be meaningful.

HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our People. We employed approximately 3,550 people as of December 31, 2023. Approximately 300 employees were engaged in overall management and general administration at our corporate headquarters in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the remainder, including approximately 985 local account executives, were employed in our operating offices.

Fifteen of our local offices employ billposters and construction personnel who are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe that our relationship with our employees, including our approximately 100 unionized employees, is favorable, and we have never experienced a strike or work stoppage.

As Lamar’s business continues to grow, so does the Company’s strong commitment to recruiting a work force with diverse talents, as well as to developing and retaining the successful members of our sales and management teams. Our 985 local account executives and approximately 170 local management employees have been with the Company for an average of 12 years. We regularly provide on-site training and remote sales training videos to enhance the skills of our sales and management team members.

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We employ approximately 1,100 operations employees, including operations management. These employees are responsible for installing advertising copy, maintaining our billboard inventory and ensuring our billboards, logos and transit displays are in safe operating condition. We empower these employees to have a safety-first mentality, which includes the authority to stop an installation or other work job for any safety concern. We also provide training and certification to our operations employees, including training for crane operations and climbing safety. Our management regularly conducts scheduled safety meetings and unscheduled job observations to ensure that we maintain a safety mindset every day.

Diversity and inclusion. We recognize that our organization grows stronger as we are able to draw on the skills of employees with a variety of backgrounds and life experiences, particularly as the audiences that we serve become more diverse. We want to embrace Lamar employees’ unique differences of race, gender and gender identity, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, nationality, socioeconomic status, language, ability, age, religious commitment, veteran status, or political perspective. As such, we are committed to cultivating a culture where all employees see the opportunity to show up to work as their most authentic selves.

As of December 31, 2023, approximately 36% of our work force was female, 18% of our employees and 33% of our named executive offices identified themselves as minorities, while 33% of our Board of Directors was female and one of our nine directors was a member of a minority group.

We have established several initiatives aimed at further diversifying our work force, including establishing an alliance with a hiring network that helps bring us a more diverse pool of candidates and creating an internal women’s leadership network that provides our female leaders with tools and a supportive community to help them develop into senior-level managers. Our Executive Vice President of Human Resources, who also serves as our Chief Diversity Officer, is charged with providing training that reinforces our commitment to treat all of our employees with dignity and respect.

INFLATION

During 2022 and 2023, as a result of the inflationary environment in the U.S., we experienced increases in our direct and general and administrative costs, including increases in labor costs and utilities. Increases in expenses were largely offset by increases in our advertising rates. We also experienced increased interest expenses related to rising interest rates. We will continue to monitor the inflationary environment and these pressures in 2024 and any resulting impacts on our financial position and results of operations.

SEASONALITY

Our revenues and operating results are subject to seasonality. Typically, we experience our strongest financial performance in the summer and fall, and our weakest financial performance in the first quarter of the calendar year, partly because retailers cut back their advertising spending immediately following the holiday shopping season. We expect this trend to continue in the future. Because a significant portion of our expenses is fixed, a reduction in revenues in any quarter is likely to result in a period-to-period decline in operating performance and net earnings.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

We make our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports available free of charge through our website, www.lamar.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after filing them with, or furnishing them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Information contained on our website is not part of this Annual Report.

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ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

Risks Related to Our Capital Structure

The Company’s substantial debt may adversely affect its business, financial condition and financial results.

The Company has borrowed substantially in the past and will continue to borrow in the future. At December 31, 2023, Lamar Advertising Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Media, had approximately $3.34 billion of total debt outstanding, net of deferred financing costs, consisting of approximately $1.01 billion in bank debt outstanding under Lamar Media’s senior credit facility, $2.08 billion in various series of senior notes, $249.6 million under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program and $1.6 million in other seller notes. Despite the level of debt presently outstanding, the terms of the indentures governing Lamar Media’s notes and the terms of the senior credit facility and Accounts Receivable Securitization Program allow Lamar Media to incur substantially more debt, including approximately $671.2 million available for borrowing under the revolving credit facility as of December 31, 2023.

The Company’s substantial debt and its use of cash flow from operations to make principal and interest payments on its debt may, among other things:

•make it more difficult for the Company to comply with the financial covenants in its senior credit facility and in its Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, which could result in a default and an acceleration of all amounts outstanding under the facility or under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program;

•limit the cash flow available to fund the Company’s working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other general corporate requirements;

•limit the Company’s ability to obtain additional financing to fund future dividend distributions, working capital, capital expenditures or other general corporate requirements;

•place the Company at a competitive disadvantage relative to those of its competitors that have less debt;

•force the Company to seek and obtain alternate or additional sources of funding, which may be unavailable, or may be on less favorable terms, or may require the Company to obtain the consent of lenders under its senior credit facility or the holders of its other debt;

•limit the Company’s flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in its business and industry; and

•increase the Company’s vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions.

Lamar Media has variable rate debt outstanding under the senior credit facility and its Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Increases in the interest rates applicable to these borrowings have recently resulted in increased interest expense, which has impacted the Company's net income. Interest rates may continue to increase as a result of macroeconomic factors outside of our control. The Company may take actions in the future to mitigate its interest rate exposure, however, it cannot guarantee that the actions that it takes to mitigate these risks will be effective. Additionally, to the extent we refinance existing debt obligations or seek to enter into new debt financing arrangements in the current interest rate environment, we expect that such arrangements would be subject to higher interest rates than our existing debt obligations, which would further increase our interest expense.

Any of these problems could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and financial results.

The Company may be unable to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy its significant debt service obligations.

The Company’s ability to generate cash flow from operations to make principal and interest payments on its debt will depend on its future performance, which will be affected by a range of economic, competitive and business factors. The Company cannot control many of these factors, including general economic conditions, its customers’ allocation of advertising expenditures among available media and the amount spent on advertising in general, and its business would be negatively impacted if the general economy were to deteriorate in the future. If its operations do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to satisfy its debt service obligations, the Company may need to borrow additional funds to make these payments or undertake alternative financing plans, such as refinancing or restructuring its debt, or reducing or delaying capital investments and acquisitions. The Company cannot guarantee that such additional funds or alternative financing will be available on favorable terms, if at all. The Company’s inability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations or obtain additional funds or alternative financing on acceptable terms could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Restrictions in the Company’s and Lamar Media’s debt agreements reduce operating flexibility and contain covenants and restrictions that create the potential for defaults, which could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and financial results.

The terms of Lamar Media’s senior credit facility and the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes restrict the ability of the Company and Lamar Media to, among other things:

•incur or repay debt;

•dispose of assets;

•create liens;

•make investments;

•enter into affiliate transactions; and

•pay dividends and make inter-company distributions.

At December 31, 2023, the terms of Lamar Media’s senior credit facility and of its Accounts Receivable Securitization Program also restrict the Company from exceeding a specified secured debt ratio.  Lamar Media is also subject to certain other financial covenants relating to the incurrence of additional debt. Please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources” for a description of the specific financial ratio requirements under the senior credit facility.

The Company’s ability to comply with the financial covenants in the senior credit facility, Accounts Receivable Securitization Program and the indentures governing Lamar Media’s outstanding notes (and to comply with similar covenants in any future agreements) depends on its operating performance, which in turn depends significantly on prevailing economic, financial and business conditions and other factors that are beyond the Company’s control. Therefore, despite its best efforts and execution of its strategic plan, the Company may be unable to comply with these financial covenants in the future.

The Company is currently in compliance with all financial covenants. However, if in the future there are economic declines the Company can make no assurance that these declines will not negatively impact the Company’s financial results and, in turn, its ability to meet these financial covenant requirements. If Lamar Media fails to comply with its financial covenants, Lamar Media could be in default under the senior credit facility and the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program (which could result in an event of default under the indentures governing its outstanding notes). In the event of such a default under the senior credit facility, the lenders under the senior credit facility could accelerate all of the debt outstanding, could elect to institute foreclosure proceedings against Lamar Media’s assets, and the Company could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. Any of these events could adversely affect Lamar Media’s business, financial condition and financial results. In the event of such a default under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, the lenders under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program could accelerate all of the debt outstanding, could elect to institute foreclosure proceedings against the assets of the Special Purpose Subsidiaries (as defined herein), and the Special Purpose Subsidiaries could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. Any of these events could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and financial results.

In addition, these restrictions reduce the Company’s operating flexibility and could prevent the Company from exploiting investment, acquisition, marketing, or other time-sensitive business opportunities.

The Company is controlled by significant stockholders who have the power to determine the outcome of all matters submitted to the stockholders for approval and whose interest in the Company may be different than yours.

As of December 31, 2023, members of the Reilly family, including Kevin P. Reilly, Jr., the Company’s Executive Chairman, and Sean Reilly, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer, and their affiliates owned in the aggregate approximately 15% of the Company’s outstanding common stock, assuming the conversion of all Class B common stock to Class A common stock. As of that date, their combined holdings represented approximately 62% of the voting power of Lamar Advertising’s outstanding capital stock, which would give the Reilly family and their affiliates the power to:

•elect the Company’s entire Board of Directors;

•control the Company’s management and policies; and

•determine the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter requiring stockholder approval, including charter amendments, mergers, consolidations, financings and asset sales.

The Reilly family may have interests that are different than yours in making these decisions.

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Our UPREIT structure may result in potential conflicts of interest.

We are structured as an “UPREIT,” which stands for “umbrella partnership real estate investment trust.” While limited partners of Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) do not generally have any right to participate in or exercise management power over the business and affairs of the Operating Partnership, they do have the right to vote on certain amendments to the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership, as well as on certain other matters. Persons holding such voting rights may exercise them in a manner that conflicts with the interests of our stockholders.

The partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership provides that, for so long as we own a controlling interest in the Operating Partnership, any conflict that cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either our stockholders or the limited partners shall be resolved by the general partner in favor of our stockholders. Circumstances may arise in the future when the interests of limited partners in the Operating Partnership may conflict with the interests of our stockholders.

Risks Related to Our Business

The Company’s growth through acquisitions may be difficult, which could adversely affect our future financial performance. In addition, if we are unable to successfully integrate any completed acquisitions, our financial performance would also be adversely affected.

The Company has historically grown through acquisitions. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we completed acquisitions for a total cash purchase price of approximately $139.0 million.

The future success of our acquisition strategy could be adversely affected by many factors, including the following:

•the pool of suitable acquisition candidates is dwindling, and we may have a more difficult time negotiating acquisitions on favorable terms;

•we may face increased competition for acquisition candidates from other outdoor advertising companies and private equity funds (particularly funds that are focused on investing in media and/or infrastructure, some of which may have greater financial resources than we do, which may result in higher prices for those businesses and assets;

•we may not have access to the capital needed to finance potential acquisitions and may be unable to obtain any required consents from our current lenders to obtain alternate financing;

•compliance with REIT requirements may hinder our ability to make certain investments and may limit our acquisition opportunities;

•we may be unable to integrate acquired businesses and assets effectively with our existing operations and systems as a result of unforeseen difficulties that could divert significant time, attention and effort from management that could otherwise be directed at developing existing business;

•we may be unable to retain key personnel of acquired businesses;

•we may not realize the benefits and cost savings anticipated in our acquisitions; and

•as the industry consolidates further, larger mergers and acquisitions may face substantial scrutiny under antitrust laws.

These obstacles to our opportunistic acquisition strategy may have an adverse effect on our future financial results.

The Company could suffer losses due to asset impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets.

The Company tested goodwill for impairment on December 31, 2023. Based on the Company’s review at December 31, 2023, no impairment charge was required. The Company continues to assess whether factors or indicators become apparent that would require an interim impairment test between our annual impairment test dates. For instance, if our market capitalization is below our equity book value for a period of time without recovery, we believe there is a strong presumption that would indicate a triggering event has occurred and it is more likely than not that the fair value of one or both of our reporting units is below the carrying amount. This would require us to test the reporting units for impairment of goodwill. If this presumption cannot be overcome a reporting unit could be impaired under ASC 350 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” and a non-cash charge would be required. Any such charge could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s net earnings.

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The Company’s logo sign contracts are subject to state award and renewal.

In 2023, the Company generated approximately 4% of its revenues from state-awarded logo sign contracts. In bidding for these contracts, the Company competes against other national logo sign providers as well as numerous smaller local logo sign providers. As a logo sign provider, the Company incurs significant start-up costs upon being awarded a new contract. These contracts generally have a term of five to ten years, with additional renewal periods. Some states reserve the right to terminate a contract early, and most contracts require the state to pay compensation to the Company as a logo sign provider for early termination. At the end of the contract term, the Company, as a logo sign provider, transfers ownership of the logo sign structures to the state. Depending on the contract, the logo provider may or may not be entitled to compensation for the structures at the end of the contract term.

Of the Company’s 24 logo sign contracts in place at December 31, 2023, 4 are subject to renewal or expiration in 2024. The Company may be unable to renew its expiring contracts. The Company may also lose the bidding on new contracts.

If the Company’s contingency plans relating to hurricanes and other natural disasters fail, the resulting losses could hurt the Company’s business.

The Company has determined that it is uneconomical to insure against losses resulting from hurricanes and other natural disasters for its outdoor or logo structure assets. Although the Company has developed contingency plans designed to mitigate the threat posed by hurricanes and other forms of inclement weather to its real estate portfolio (e.g., removing advertising faces at the onset of a storm, when possible, which better permits the structures to withstand high winds during the storm), these plans could fail and significant losses could result. To the extent that such natural disaster events become more frequent or destructive because of climate change, we may incur increased costs related to storm remediation and preparation.

Our cash distributions are not guaranteed and may fluctuate.

A REIT generally is required to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders. The Company may have available net operating loss (“NOL”) carry forwards that could reduce or substantially eliminate its REIT taxable income, and thus it may not be required to distribute material amounts of cash to qualify for taxation as a REIT. The Company expects that it may utilize available NOL carry forwards to reduce its REIT taxable income.

The Board of Directors of the Company, in its sole discretion, will determine on a quarterly basis the amount of cash to be distributed to its stockholders based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the Company’s results of operations, cash flow and capital requirements, economic conditions, tax considerations, borrowing capacity and other factors, including debt covenant restrictions that may impose limitations on cash payments, future acquisitions and divestitures, any stock repurchase program, and general market demand for its advertising space available for rent. Consequently, the Company’s distribution levels may fluctuate.

The Lamar Advertising charter, the Lamar Advertising bylaws and Delaware law may inhibit a takeover that stockholders consider favorable and could also limit the market price of Lamar Advertising stock.

Provisions of the Lamar Advertising charter, the Lamar Advertising bylaws and applicable provisions of Delaware law may make it more difficult for or prevent a third party from acquiring control of Lamar Advertising without the approval of the Board of Directors. These provisions:

•impose restrictions on ownership and transfer of Lamar Advertising common stock that are intended to facilitate the Company’s compliance with certain REIT rules relating to share ownership;

•limit who may call a special meeting of stockholders;

•establish advance notice and informational requirements and time limitations on any director nomination or proposal that a stockholder wishes to make at a meeting of stockholders;

•do not permit cumulative voting in the election of its directors, which would otherwise permit less than a majority of stockholders to elect directors; and

•provide the Board of Directors the ability to issue additional classes and shares of preferred stock and to set voting rights, preferences and other terms of the preferred stock without stockholder approval.

In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law generally limits the Company’s ability to engage in any business combination with certain persons who own 15% or more of its outstanding voting stock or any of its associates or affiliates who at any time in the past three years have owned 15% or more of its outstanding voting stock.

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These provisions may have the effect of entrenching the Company’s management team and may deprive the Company’s stockholders of the opportunity to sell their shares to potential acquirers at a premium over prevailing prices. This potential inability to obtain a control premium could reduce the price of Lamar Advertising common stock.

Risks Related to Our Industry

The Company’s revenues are sensitive to the state of the economy and the financial markets generally and other external events beyond the Company’s control.

The Company rents advertising space on outdoor structures to generate revenues. Advertising spending is particularly sensitive to changes in economic conditions.

Additionally, the occurrence of any of the following external events could further depress the Company’s revenues:

•a widespread reallocation of advertising expenditures to other available media by significant renters of the Company’s displays; and

•a decline in the amount spent on advertising, in general, or outdoor advertising in particular as a result of macroeconomic factors.

The Company faces competition from larger and more diversified outdoor advertisers and other forms of advertising that could hurt its performance.

While the Company enjoys a significant market share in many of its small and medium-sized markets, the Company faces competition from other outdoor advertisers and other media in all of its markets. Although the Company is one of the largest companies focusing exclusively on outdoor advertising in a relatively fragmented industry, it competes against larger companies with diversified operations, such as television, radio and other broadcast media. These diversified competitors have the advantage of cross-selling complementary advertising products to advertisers.

The Company also competes against an increasing variety of out-of-home advertising media, such as advertising displays in shopping centers, malls, airports, stadiums, movie theaters and supermarkets, and on taxis, trains and buses. To a lesser extent, the Company also faces competition from other forms of media, including radio, newspapers, direct mail advertising, telephone directories and the Internet. The industry competes for advertising revenue along the following dimensions: exposure (the number of “impressions” an advertisement makes), advertising rates (generally measured in cost-per-thousand impressions), ability to target specific demographic groups or geographies, effectiveness, quality of related services (such as advertising copy design and layout) and customer service. The Company may be unable to compete successfully along these dimensions in the future, and the competitive pressures that the Company faces could adversely affect its profitability or financial performance.

Federal, state and local regulation impact the Company’s operations, financial condition and financial results.

Outdoor advertising is subject to governmental regulation at the federal, state and local levels. Regulations generally restrict the size, spacing, lighting and other aspects of advertising structures and pose a significant barrier to entry and expansion in many markets.  Federal law, principally the Highway Beautification Act of 1965, or the HBA, regulates outdoor advertising on Federal — Aid Primary, Interstate and National Highway Systems roads. The HBA requires states, through the adoption of individual Federal/State Agreements, to “effectively control” outdoor advertising along these roads, and mandates a state compliance program and state standards regarding size, spacing and lighting. These state standards, or their local and municipal equivalents, may be modified over time in response to legal challenges or otherwise, which may have an adverse effect on our business. The HBA requires any state or political subdivision that compels the removal of a lawful billboard along a Federal — Aid Primary or Interstate highway to pay just compensation to the billboard owner.

All states have passed billboard control statutes and regulations at least as restrictive as the federal requirements, including laws requiring the removal of illegal signs at the owner’s expense (and without compensation from the state). Although the Company believes that the number of our billboards that may be subject to removal as illegal is immaterial, and no state in which we operate has banned billboards entirely, from time to time governments have required us to remove signs and billboards legally erected in accordance with federal, state and local permit requirements and laws. Municipal and county governments generally also have sign controls as part of their zoning laws and building codes. We contest laws and regulations that we believe unlawfully restrict our constitutional or other legal rights and may adversely impact the growth of our outdoor advertising business.

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Using federal funding for transportation enhancement programs, state governments have purchased and removed billboards for beautification, and may do so again in the future. Under the power of eminent domain, state or municipal governments have laid claim to property and forced the removal of billboards. Under a concept called amortization by which a governmental body asserts that a billboard operator has earned compensation by continued operation over time, local governments have attempted to force removal of legal but nonconforming billboards (i.e., billboards that conformed to applicable zoning regulations when built but which do not conform to current zoning regulations). Although the legality of amortization is questionable, it has been upheld in some instances. Often, municipal and county governments also have sign controls as part of their zoning laws, with some local governments prohibiting construction of new billboards or allowing new construction only to replace existing structures. Although we have generally been able to obtain satisfactory compensation for those of our billboards purchased or removed as a result of governmental action, there is no assurance that this will continue to be the case in the future.

We have continued to expand the deployment of digital billboards, which display static digital advertising copy from various advertisers that change every 6 to 8 seconds. We have encountered some existing regulations that restrict or prohibit these types of digital displays but it has not yet materially impacted our digital deployment. However, new regulations could be enacted to impose greater restrictions on digital billboards due to alleged concerns over aesthetics or driver safety.

The findings of future studies related to the impact of digital billboards on driver safety issues, if any, may result in regulations at the federal or state level that impose greater restrictions on digital billboards. Any new restrictions on digital billboards could have a material adverse effect on both our existing inventory of digital billboards and our plans to expand our digital deployment, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business and operations could suffer in the event of cybersecurity breaches and we may incur significant legal and financial exposure.

The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusions, has generally increased and become more sophisticated over time. Although we have implemented physical and electronic security measures designed to protect against the loss, misuse and alteration of our websites, digital assets, proprietary business information and any personal identifiable information (“PII”) that we collect, no security measures are impenetrable and we and outside parties we interact with may be unable to anticipate or prevent unauthorized access. A security breach could occur due to the actions of outside parties, employee error, malfeasance or a combination of these or other actions. An increase in the number of our employees and outside parties with which we do business working remotely may increase the risk of a cybersecurity incident, which has required us to modify our security measures.

If an actual or perceived breach of our security were to occur, proprietary or competitive information may be misappropriated, and we could experience disruptions in our business operations, information processes and internal controls. In addition, the public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures may be harmed and adversely affect our competitive position. In the event of a security breach, we could suffer significant legal and financial exposure in connection with remediation efforts, investigations and legal proceedings, which could lead to the need for additional resources in our security and system protection measures.

We have been and expect to continue to be the target of fraudulent activities and security breaches; however, to date they have not had a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We could be negatively impacted by environmental, social and governance (ESG) and sustainability matters.

Governments, shareholders, customers, employees and other stakeholders are increasingly focusing on corporate ESG practices and disclosures, and expectations in this area are rapidly evolving and growing. We may incur costs related to ESG initiatives, including those related to producing enhanced mandatory or voluntary disclosures about our business. If we are unable to respond effectively to ESG matters, our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted.

Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT

If Lamar Advertising fails to remain qualified as a REIT, both Lamar Advertising and Lamar Media would be taxed as regular C corporations and would not be able to deduct distributions to the stockholders of Lamar Advertising when computing their taxable income.

Lamar Advertising elected to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes starting with its taxable year ended December 31, 2014 and for each subsequent taxable year thereafter. REIT qualification involves the application of highly

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technical and complex provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the “Code”) to Lamar Advertising’s assets and operations as well as various factual determinations concerning matters and circumstances not entirely within our control. There are limited judicial or administrative interpretations of these provisions. Although Lamar Advertising plans to operate in a manner consistent with the REIT qualification rules, the Company cannot assure you that it will so qualify or remain so qualified. Lamar Media is treated as a qualified REIT subsidiary of Lamar Advertising that is disregarded as separate from its parent REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

If, in any taxable year, Lamar Advertising fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT, and is not entitled to relief under the Code:

•it will not be allowed a deduction for distributions to its stockholders in computing its taxable income;

•it and its corporate subsidiaries, including Lamar Media, will be subject to applicable federal and state income tax, including any applicable state-level alternative minimum tax, on its taxable income at regular corporate rates; and

•it would be disqualified from REIT tax treatment for the four taxable years following the year during which it was so disqualified.

Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distributions to Lamar Advertising’s stockholders, may require it to borrow funds (under Lamar Media’s senior credit facility or otherwise) or liquidate some investments to pay any such additional tax liability. This adverse impact could last for five or more years because, unless it is entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, it will be taxable as a corporation, beginning in the year in which the failure occurs, and it will not be allowed to re-elect to be taxed as a REIT for the following four years.

Even if it qualifies as a REIT, certain of Lamar Advertising’s and its subsidiaries’ business activities will be subject to U.S. and foreign taxes which will continue to reduce its cash flows, and it will have potential deferred and contingent tax liabilities.

Even if it qualifies as a REIT, Lamar Advertising may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes and foreign taxes on its income and assets, including any applicable state-level alternative minimum taxes, taxes on any undistributed income, and state, local or foreign income, franchise, property and transfer taxes. In addition, the Company could in certain circumstances be required to pay an excise or penalty tax, which could be significant in amount, in order to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Code to maintain qualification for taxation as a REIT.

In order to maintain its qualification as a REIT, the Company holds certain of its non-qualifying REIT assets and receives certain non-qualifying items of income through one or more TRSs. These non-qualifying REIT assets consist principally of the Company’s advertising services business and its transit advertising business. Those TRS assets and operations will continue to be subject, as applicable, to U.S. federal and state corporate income taxes. Furthermore, the Company’s assets and operations outside the United States are subject to foreign taxes in the jurisdictions in which those assets and operations are located. In addition, the Company may incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with a TRS if they are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. Any of these taxes would decrease the Company’s earnings and its cash available for distributions to stockholders.

The Company was subject to a U.S. federal income tax at the highest regular corporate rate (currently 21%) on all or a portion of the gain recognized from a sale of assets occurring within five years after the effective date of our REIT conversion, to the extent of the built-in gain based on the fair market value of those assets held by the Company on the effective date of REIT conversion in excess of the Company’s then tax basis in those assets. Such five-year period has expired with respect to the Company but certain tax years for which this rule applied remain open such that additional taxes could be assessed with respect to sales in those tax years. The same rules apply to any assets we acquire from a “C” corporation in a carry-over basis transaction with built-in gain at the time of the acquisition by us. Gain from a sale of an asset occurring after the specified period ends will not be subject to this corporate level tax.

Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for the reduced tax rates on dividend income from non-REIT corporations.

Qualified dividend income payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates are generally subject to tax at reduced rates. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced qualified dividend rates. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026, non-corporate taxpayers may generally deduct 20% of certain pass-through business income, including “qualified REIT dividends” (generally, dividends received by a REIT shareholder that are not designated as capital gain dividends or qualified dividend income), subject to certain limitations. Although this deduction

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reduces the effective tax rate applicable to certain dividends paid by REITs, such tax rate may still be higher than the tax rate applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends. This may cause investors to view REIT investments as less attractive than investments in non-REIT corporations, which in turn may adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our stock.

Gain on disposition of assets deemed held for sale in the ordinary course of business is subject to 100% tax.

If we sell any of our assets, the IRS may determine that the sale is a disposition of an asset held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Gain from this kind of sale will generally be subject to a 100% tax. Whether an asset is held "primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business" depends on the particular facts and circumstances of the sale. Although we will attempt to comply with the terms of safe-harbor provisions in the Internal Revenue Code prescribing when asset sales will not be so characterized, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so.

Failure to make sufficient distributions would jeopardize Lamar Advertising’s qualification as a REIT and/or would subject it to U.S. federal income and excise taxes.

As a REIT, Lamar Advertising is required to distribute to its stockholders with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (excluding capital gains and net of any available NOL carry forwards) in order to qualify as a REIT, and 100% of its REIT taxable income (excluding capital gains and net of any available NOL carry forwards) in order to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes. For these purposes, Lamar Advertising’s subsidiaries that are not TRSs, including Lamar Media, will be treated as part of the REIT and therefore Lamar Advertising also will be required to distribute out their taxable income.

Because the REIT distribution requirements will prevent us from retaining earnings, we may be required to refinance debt at maturity with additional debt or equity, which may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all.

Covenants specified in our existing and future debt instruments may limit Lamar Advertising’s ability to make required REIT distributions.

Lamar Media’s senior credit facility and the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes contain certain covenants that could limit Lamar Advertising’s distributions to its stockholders. If these limits prevent Lamar Advertising from satisfying its REIT distribution requirements, it could fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT. If these limits do not jeopardize Lamar Advertising’s qualification for taxation as a REIT but do nevertheless prevent it from distributing 100% of its REIT taxable income, it will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax, and potentially a nondeductible excise tax, on the retained amounts.

Lamar Advertising and its subsidiaries may be required to borrow funds, sell assets, or raise equity to satisfy its REIT distribution requirements or maintain the asset tests.

In order to meet the REIT distribution requirements and maintain its qualification and taxation as a REIT and avoid corporate income taxes, Lamar Advertising and/or its subsidiaries, including Lamar Media, may need to borrow funds, sell assets or raise equity, even if the then-prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings, sales or offerings. Any insufficiency of its cash flows to cover Lamar Advertising’s REIT distribution requirements could require it to raise short- and long-term debt, to sell assets, or to offer equity securities in order to fund distributions required to maintain its qualification and taxation as a REIT and avoid corporate income taxes. Furthermore, the REIT distribution requirements may increase the financing Lamar Advertising needs to fund capital expenditures, future growth and expansion initiatives. This would increase its total leverage.

In addition, if Lamar Advertising fails to comply with certain asset tests at the end of any calendar quarter, it must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing its REIT qualification. As a result, it may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments. These actions may reduce its income and amounts available for distribution to its stockholders.

Complying with REIT requirements may cause Lamar Advertising, its subsidiaries (other than TRSs) to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.

To qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, Lamar Advertising must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of its income, the nature and diversification of its assets, the amounts it distributes to its stockholders and the ownership of Lamar Advertising common stock. For these purposes, Lamar Advertising is treated as owning the assets of and receiving or accruing the income of its subsidiaries (other than TRSs). Thus, compliance with these tests will require Lamar Advertising and its subsidiaries to refrain from certain activities and may hinder their ability to make certain attractive investments, including investments in the businesses to be conducted by TRSs, and to that extent limit their

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opportunities. Furthermore, acquisition opportunities in domestic and international markets may be adversely affected if Lamar Advertising needs or requires the target company to comply with certain REIT requirements prior to closing.

Ownership limitations contained in the Lamar Advertising charter may restrict stockholders from acquiring or transferring certain amounts of shares.

In order for Lamar Advertising to remain qualified as a REIT, no more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares of its stock may be owned, directly or indirectly or through application of certain attribution rules, by five or fewer “individuals” (as defined in the Code) at any time during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first taxable year for which an election to be a REIT has been made). To preserve its REIT qualification, the Lamar Advertising charter generally prohibits any person or entity from owning actually and by virtue of the applicable constructive ownership provisions more than 5% of the outstanding shares of Lamar Advertising common stock. These ownership limitations could restrict stockholders from acquiring or transferring certain amounts of shares of its stock. The Lamar Advertising charter also provides a separate share ownership limitation for certain members of the Reilly family and their affiliates that allows them to own actually and by virtue of the applicable constructive ownership provisions no more than 19% of the outstanding shares of Lamar Advertising common stock and, during the second half of any taxable year other than its first taxable year as a REIT, no more than 33% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of all classes and series of its stock, in each case excluding any shares of its stock that are not treated as outstanding for federal income tax purposes.

If Lamar Advertising’s operating partnership does not qualify as a partnership, its income may be subject to taxation, and Lamar Advertising would no longer qualify as a REIT.

The Internal Revenue Code classifies “publicly traded partnerships” as associations taxable as corporations (rather than as partnerships), unless substantially all of their taxable income consists of specified types of passive income. Lamar Advertising structured the Operating Partnership to be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. However, no assurance can be given the IRS will not challenge Lamar Advertising’s position or will not classify the Operating Partnership as a “publicly traded partnership” for federal income tax purposes. To minimize this risk, Lamar Advertising has placed certain restrictions on the transfer and/or redemption of partnership units in the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership. If the IRS would assert successfully that the Operating Partnership should be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” and substantially all of the Operating Partnership’s gross income did not consist of the specified types of passive income, the Internal Revenue Code would treat the Operating partnership as an association taxable as a corporation. In such event, Lamar Advertising would cease to qualify as a REIT. In addition, the imposition of a corporate tax on the Operating Partnership would reduce the amount of distributions the Operating Partnership could make to Lamar Advertising and, in turn, reduce the amount of cash available to Lamar Advertising to pay dividends to our shareholders.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the CARES Act and the Inflation Reduction Act, as well as any future tax legislation, may impact the Company’s business and security holders.  

On December 22, 2017, H.R. 1, informally titled the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”) was signed into law. The TCJA made major changes to the Code, including a number of provisions of the Code that affect the taxation of REITs and their stockholders. Among the changes made by the TCJA are permanently reducing the generally applicable corporate tax rate, generally reducing the tax rate applicable to individuals and other non-corporate taxpayers for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, eliminating or modifying certain previously allowed deductions (including substantially limiting interest deductibility and, for individuals, the deduction for non-business state and local taxes). On March 27, 2020, legislation intended to support the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), was signed into law. The CARES Act made technical corrections, or temporary modifications, to certain of the provisions of the TCJA, including, without limitation, the provisions of the TCJA concerning NOLs and interest expense deductions. Certain CARES Act related interest expense deduction changes are discussed in the following subsection. With respect to NOLs, effective for taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, the TCJA limited the deduction for NOL carryforwards to 80% of taxable income (before the deduction) and eliminated NOL carrybacks for individuals and non-REIT corporations (NOL carrybacks did not apply to REITs under prior law), but allows for indefinite NOL carryforwards. The CARES Act repealed such 80% limitation for carryforwards to taxable years beginning before January 1, 2021. The CARES Act also allows a five-year carryback for NOLs arising in 2018, 2019, or 2020. The TCJA’s NOL limitations (even as modified by the CARES Act) may result in Lamar Advertising having to make additional distributions in order to comply with REIT distribution requirements or avoid taxes on retained income and gains.

On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”). The IRA includes numerous tax provisions that impact corporations, including the implementation of a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax based on “adjusted financial statement income” exceeding $1 billion, as well as a 1% excise tax on certain stock repurchases and economically similar transactions. However, REITs are excluded from the definition of an “applicable

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corporation” and therefore are not subject to the corporate alternative minimum tax. Additionally, the 1% excise tax specifically does not apply to stock repurchases by REITs. Any taxable REIT subsidiaries of Lamar Advertising operate as standalone corporations and therefore could be adversely affected by the IRA. Lamar Advertising will continue to analyze and monitor the application of the IRA to its business; however, the effect of these changes on the value of Lamar Advertising’s assets, shares of Lamar Advertising stock or market conditions, generally, is uncertain.

The individual and collective impact of the changes made by the TCJA, the CARES Act and the IRA on REITs and their security holders is uncertain and may not become evident for some period of time. The effect of any technical corrections with respect to the TCJA, the CARES Act or the IRA could have an adverse effect on Lamar Advertising, its subsidiaries, and holders of its securities. It is also possible additional tax legislation could be enacted in the future, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise, which could have an adverse effect on Lamar Advertising, its subsidiaries, and holders of its securities.

Lamar Advertising may potentially be unable to deduct the full amount of its interest expense pursuant to the TCJA and the CARES Act.

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, interest deductions for businesses with average annual gross receipts of over $25 million are capped at 30% of the business’ “adjusted taxable income” plus business interest income pursuant to the TCJA. For these purposes, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2022, “adjusted taxable income” is computed without regard to deductions allowable for depreciation, amortization, or depletion. The CARES Act increased the aforementioned 30% limitation to 50% for taxable years beginning in 2019 or 2020 and permitted an entity to elect to use its 2019 adjusted taxable income to calculate the applicable limitation for its 2020 taxable year. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2021, “adjusted taxable income” is calculated by taking deductions allowable for depreciation, amortization, or depletion into account. This limitation, however, does not apply to an “electing real property trade or business.” As a REIT, Lamar Advertising would generally constitute a real property trade or businesses, and thus would retain the ability to fully deduct interest expenses if it makes such an election. However, an entity making such an election must use a longer depreciation cost recovery period for its property. Lamar Advertising has not made such election to date and has not yet determined whether it will make such election at a later date.

Legislative changes or other actions affecting REITs could have a negative effect on Lamar Advertising and its subsidiaries.

At any time, the U.S. federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative and judicial interpretations of those laws may be amended or interpreted in a different manner. Federal and state tax laws are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the IRS, the U.S. Department of the Treasury, and state taxing authorities. Additional changes to the tax laws, regulations and administrative and judicial interpretations, which may have retroactive application, could adversely affect Lamar Advertising and its subsidiaries. The Company cannot predict with certainty whether, when, in what forms, or with what effective dates, the tax laws, regulations and administrative and judicial interpretations applicable to Lamar Advertising may be changed. Accordingly, the Company cannot assure you that any such change will not significantly affect Lamar Advertising’s ability to qualify for taxation as a REIT or the U.S. federal income tax consequences to it of such qualification.

The ability of the Board of Directors of Lamar Advertising to revoke its REIT election, without stockholder approval, may cause adverse consequences to its stockholders.

The Lamar Advertising charter provides that the Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate the REIT election, without the approval of its stockholders, if the board determines that it is no longer in the Company’s best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If the Company ceases to be a REIT, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates and applicable state and local corporate taxes, which may have adverse consequences on its total return to its stockholders.

ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 1C.    CYBERSECURITY

We manage risks from cybersecurity threats through our overall enterprise risk management process. Management has created an information security program, which encompasses a dedicated information security team and policies, procedures, and processes for assessing, identifying, and managing risks from cybersecurity threats. We “proactively” assess, identify, and manage risks from cybersecurity threats through various mechanisms, which from time to time may include internal audits, external audits, penetration tests, and engagement of third parties to conduct analyses of our information security program.

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Through our centralized enterprise risk management function, we also maintain processes for overseeing and identifying risks associated with third party service providers with whom we do business, including risks related to cybersecurity.

While to date, we have not had a major cyber incident against our platforms, nor experienced significant data loss or any material financial losses related to cybersecurity attacks, it is possible that we could experience a significant event in the future. Risks and exposures related to cybersecurity attacks are expected to remain high for the foreseeable future due to the rapidly evolving nature and sophistication of these threats. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors.” – “Our business and operations could suffer in the event of cybersecurity breaches and we may incur significant legal and financial exposure.” for further discussion of potential risks related to cybersecurity incidents.

Our Senior Vice President of Technology and Innovation and Vice President of Network Infrastructure and Cyber Strategy oversee our cybersecurity program. They hold degrees in industrial engineering and computer science and information systems and decision science, respectively. The team responsible with administering our cyber security program have a combined 35 years of experience in cybersecurity, information security & information technology risk management, governance, risk, and compliance. Our board of directors and our audit committee are regularly updated on cyber security as part of their oversight of relevant cybersecurity risks. These reports address key cybersecurity topics, including the implementation and operation of preventative controls and the detection, mitigation and remediation of cybersecurity incidents.

ITEM 2.    PROPERTIES

Our management headquarters is located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. We also own 128 local operating facilities with front office administration and sales office space connected to back-shop poster and bulletin production space. In addition, the Company leases an additional 160 operating facilities at an aggregate lease expense for 2023 of approximately $10.1 million.

We own approximately 10,750 parcels of property beneath our outdoor advertising structures. As of December 31, 2023, we leased approximately 72,350 active outdoor sites, accounting for a total annual lease expense of approximately $335.4 million. This amount represented approximately 18% of billboard advertising net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023. These leases are for varying terms ranging from month-to-month to a term of over ten years, and many provide the Company with renewal options. There is no significant concentration of displays under any one lease or subject to negotiation with any one landlord. An important part of our management activity is to manage our lease portfolio and negotiate suitable lease renewals and extensions.

ITEM 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company from time to time is involved in litigation in the ordinary course of business, including disputes involving advertising contracts, site leases, employment claims and construction matters. The Company is also involved in routine administrative and judicial proceedings regarding billboard permits, fees and compensation for condemnations. The Company is not a party to any lawsuit or proceeding which, in the opinion of management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5.    MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s Class A common stock has been publicly traded since August 2, 1996 and is currently listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “LAMR.” As of December 31, 2023, the Class A common stock was held by 84 stockholders of record. The Company believes, however, that the actual number of beneficial holders of the Class A common stock may be substantially greater than the stated number of holders of record because a substantial portion of the Class A common stock is held in street name.

The Company’s Class B common stock is not publicly traded and is held of record by members of the Reilly family and their affiliated entities, including the Reilly Family, LLC (the “RFLLC”), formerly the Reilly Family Limited Partnership. Kevin P. Reilly, Jr., our Executive Chairman of the Board, is the executive manager of the RFLLC and Sean E. Reilly, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and Wendell Reilly and Anna Reilly, each of whom is a member of our Board of Directors, are also managers of the RFLLC.

The Company’s Series AA preferred stock is entitled to preferential dividends, in an annual aggregate amount of $364,903, before any dividends may be paid on the common stock. All dividends related to the Company’s preferred stock are paid on a quarterly basis. In addition, the Company’s senior credit facility and other indebtedness have terms restricting the payment of dividends.

Dividends

As a REIT, we must annually distribute to our common stockholders an amount equal to at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for distributed earnings and excluding any net capital gain). Generally, we expect to distribute all or substantially all of our REIT taxable income to avoid being subject to income tax or excise tax on undistributed REIT taxable income. The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors and will be declared based upon various factors, a number of which may be beyond our control, including our financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain REIT status and reduce any income and excise taxes that we otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in our existing and future debt instruments, our ability to utilize net operating losses (“NOLs”) to offset our distribution requirements, limitations on our ability to fund distributions using cash generated through our TRSs and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On March 16, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $250.0 million of the Company’s Class A common stock. On February 23, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the extension of the repurchase program through September 30, 2024. There were no repurchases under the program as of December 31, 2023. The Company’s management may opt not to make any repurchases under the program, or may make aggregate purchases less than the total amount authorized.

ITEM 6.    [RESERVED]

ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This report contains forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties including those described in Item 1A under the heading “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this Annual Report, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in these forward-looking statements. The Company cautions investors not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this document. These statements speak only as of the date of this document, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise the statements, except as may be required by law.

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

The following is a discussion of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the related notes.

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Discussion of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 can be found in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

OVERVIEW

The Company’s net revenues are derived primarily from the rental of advertising space on outdoor advertising displays owned and operated by the Company. Revenue growth is based on many factors that include the Company’s ability to increase occupancy of its existing advertising displays; raise advertising rates; and acquire new advertising displays and its operating results are therefore affected by general economic conditions, as well as trends in the advertising industry. Advertising spending is particularly sensitive to changes in general economic conditions, which affect the rates the Company is able to charge for advertising on its displays and its ability to maximize advertising sales or occupancy on its displays.

Acquisitions and capital expenditures

Historically, the Company has made strategic acquisitions of outdoor advertising assets to increase the number of outdoor advertising displays it operates in existing and new markets. The Company continues to evaluate and pursue strategic acquisition opportunities as they arise. The Company has financed its historical acquisitions and intends to finance any future acquisition activity from available cash, borrowings under the senior credit facility or the issuance of debt or equity securities. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources- Sources of Cash,” for more information. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed multiple acquisitions for a total cash purchase price of approximately $139.0 million.  See “Uses of Cash-Acquisitions,” for more information.

The Company’s business requires expenditures for maintenance and capitalized costs associated with the construction of new billboard displays, the entrance into and renewal of logo sign and transit contracts, and the purchase of real estate and operating equipment. The following table presents a breakdown of capitalized expenditures for the past two years:

	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Billboard — Traditional	$	54,965	$	45,415
Billboard — Digital	75,535		81,145
Logos	12,039		13,151
Transit	3,595		4,734
Land and buildings	15,494		11,462
PP&E	16,643		11,171
Total capital expenditures	$	178,271	$	167,078

We expect our 2024 capital expenditures to be approximately $125 million.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Our management reviews our performance by focusing on several key performance indicators not prepared in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States (“GAAP”). We believe these non-GAAP performance indicators are meaningful supplemental measures of our operating performance and should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

Included in our analysis of our results of operations are discussions regarding earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“adjusted EBITDA”), Funds From Operations (“FFO”), as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Adjusted Funds From Operations (“AFFO”) and acquisition-adjusted net revenue.

We define adjusted EBITDA as net income before income tax expense (benefit), interest expense (income), equity in (earnings) loss of investee, loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt and investments, stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, loss (gain) on disposition of assets and investments, transaction expenses and capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net.

FFO is defined as net income before (gain) loss from the sale or disposal of real estate assets and investments, net of tax, and real estate related depreciation and amortization and including adjustments to eliminate unconsolidated affiliates and non-controlling interest.

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We define AFFO as FFO before (i) straight-line income and expense; (ii) capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net; (iii) stock-based compensation expense; (iv) non-cash portion of tax expense (benefit); (v) non-real estate related depreciation and amortization; (vi) amortization of deferred financing costs, (vii) loss on extinguishment of debt; (viii) transaction expenses; (ix) non-recurring infrequent or unusual losses (gains); (x) less maintenance capital expenditures; and (xi) an adjustment for unconsolidated affiliates and non-controlling interest.

Acquisition-adjusted net revenue adjusts our net revenue for the prior period by adding to it the net revenue generated by the acquired assets before our acquisition of these assets for the same time frame that those assets were owned in the current period. In calculating acquisition-adjusted revenue, therefore, we include revenue generated by assets that we did not own in the period but acquired in the current period. We refer to the amount of pre-acquisition revenue generated by the acquired assets during the prior period that corresponds with the current period in which we owned the assets (to the extent within the period to which this report relates) as “acquisition net revenue”. In addition, we also adjust the prior period to subtract revenue generated by the assets that have been divested since the prior period and, therefore, no revenue derived from those assets is reflected in the current period.

Adjusted EBITDA, FFO, AFFO and acquisition-adjusted net revenue are not intended to replace net income or any other performance measures determined in accordance with GAAP. Neither FFO nor AFFO represent cash flows from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and, therefore, these measures should not be considered indicative of cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity or of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. Rather, adjusted EBITDA, FFO, AFFO and acquisition-adjusted net revenue are presented as we believe each is a useful indicator of our current operating performance. We believe that these metrics are useful to an investor in evaluating our operating performance because (1) each is a key measure used by our management team for purposes of decision making and for evaluating our core operating results; (2) adjusted EBITDA is widely used in the industry to measure operating performance as depreciation and amortization may vary significantly among companies depending upon accounting methods and useful lives, particularly where acquisitions and non-operating factors are involved; (3) acquisition-adjusted net revenue is a supplement to net revenue to enable investors to compare period-over-period results on a more consistent basis without the effects of acquisitions and divestitures, which reflects our core performance and organic growth (if any) during the period in which the assets were owned and managed by us; (4) adjusted EBITDA, FFO and AFFO each provide investors with a meaningful measure for evaluating our period-to-period operating performance by eliminating items that are not operational in nature; and (5) each provides investors with a measure for comparing our results of operations to those of other companies.

Our measurement of adjusted EBITDA, FFO, AFFO and acquisition-adjusted net revenue may not, however, be fully comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Reconciliations of adjusted EBITDA, FFO, AFFO and acquisition-adjusted net revenue to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, have been included herein.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table presents certain items in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a percentage of net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Net revenues	100.0	%	100.0	%
Operating expenses:
Direct advertising expenses	33.0	%	32.8	%
General and administrative expenses	16.3	%	17.3	%
Corporate expenses	5.0	%	5.0	%
Depreciation and amortization	13.9	%	17.2	%
Operating income	32.0	%	28.4	%
Interest expense	8.3	%	6.3	%
Income tax expense	0.5	%	0.9	%
Net income	23.5	%	21.6	%

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Year ended December 31, 2023 compared to Year ended December 31, 2022

Net revenues increased $78.8 million or 3.9% to $2.11 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $2.03 billion for the same period in 2022. This increase was attributable to an increase in billboard net revenues of $63.8 million, an increase in transit net revenues of $12.8 million and an increase in logo net revenues of $2.2 million over the prior year.

Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to acquisition-adjusted net revenues for the comparable period in 2022, increased $43.4 million, or 2.1%. This increase was attributable to an increase of $28.4 million in billboard net revenues, an increase of $12.8 million in transit net revenues and an increase of $2.2 million in logo net revenues. See “Reconciliations” below.

Total operating expenses, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and gain on disposition of assets, increased $27.2 million, or 2.4% to $1.15 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $1.12 billion in the same period in 2022. The $27.2 million increase over the prior year is primarily comprised of an increase in total direct, general and administrative and corporate expenses (excluding stock-based compensation and transaction expenses) of $31.4 million primarily related to the operations of our outdoor advertising assets, partially offset by a $3.8 million decrease in transaction expenses related to acquisitions and the write-off of deferred offering costs.

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $56.0 million to $293.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $349.4 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease is primarily due to the revision in the cost estimate included in the calculation of asset retirement obligations during 2022.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a gain on disposition of assets of $5.5 million as compared to a gain on disposition of assets of $15.7 million for the same period in 2022. The gain on disposition of assets for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily resulted from transactions related to the sale of billboard locations and displays. The gain on disposition of assets for the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily resulted from a gain of $12.6 million from a contingent payment received in connection with the Company's 2018 sale of Puerto Rico assets.

Due to the above factors, operating income increased $97.4 million to $675.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $578.0 million for the same period in 2022.

Interest expense increased $47.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $174.5 million as compared to $127.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase in interest expense is related to the increase in interest rates on the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program and senior credit facility.

Equity in earnings of investee was $3.7 million and $4.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The increase in operating income, partially offset by the increase in interest expense over the comparable period in 2022, resulted in a $50.5 million increase in net income before income taxes.

The Company recorded income tax expense of $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to income tax expense of $17.5 million for the same period in 2022. The $17.5 million tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes an expense of $15.2 million for the reduction of Puerto Rico deferred tax assets. The $9.8 million equates to an effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 of approximately 1.9%, which differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to our qualification for taxation as a REIT and adjustments for foreign items.

As a result of the above factors, the Company recognized net income for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $496.8 million, as compared to net income of $438.6 million for the same period in 2022.

Reconciliations:

Because acquisitions occurring after December 31, 2021 have contributed to our net revenue results for the periods presented, we provide 2022 acquisition-adjusted net revenue, which adjusts our 2022 net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 by adding to or subtracting from it the net revenue generated by the acquired or divested assets prior to our acquisition or divestiture of these assets for the same time frame that those assets were owned in the year ended December 31, 2023.

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Reconciliations of 2022 reported net revenue to 2022 acquisition-adjusted net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 as well as a comparison of 2022 acquisition-adjusted net revenue to 2023 reported net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023, are provided below:

Reconciliation and Comparison of Reported Net Revenue to Acquisition-Adjusted Net Revenue

	Year ended December 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Reported net revenue	$	2,110,987	$	2,032,140
Acquisition net revenue	—		35,428
Adjusted totals	$	2,110,987	$	2,067,568

Key Performance Indicators

Net Income/Adjusted EBITDA

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,				Amount of Increase (Decrease)		Percent Increase (Decrease)
	2023		2022
Net income	$	496,836	$	438,647	$	58,189	13.3	%
Income tax expense	9,782		17,452		(7,670)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		—		115
Transaction expenses	—		3,769		(3,769)
Interest expense (income), net	172,397		126,217		46,180
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)		(4,315)		619
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)		(15,721)		10,247
Depreciation and amortization	293,423		349,449		(56,026)
Capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net	(308)		(555)		247
Stock-based compensation expense	22,649		23,136		(487)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	985,724	$	938,079	$	47,645	5.1	%

Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased 5.1% to $985.7 million. The increase in adjusted EBITDA was primarily attributable to the increase in our gross margin (net revenue less direct advertising expense, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net) of $49.6 million, and was partially offset by an increase in general and administrative and corporate expenses of $1.9 million, excluding the impact of stock-based compensation expense and transaction expenses.

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Net Income/FFO/AFFO

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,				Amount of Increase (Decrease)		Percent Increase (Decrease)
	2023		2022
Net income	$	496,836	$	438,647	$	58,189	13.3	%
Depreciation and amortization related to real estate	281,026		337,387		(56,361)
Gain from sale or disposal of real estate, net of tax	(5,201)		(15,415)		10,214
Adjustments for unconsolidated affiliates and non-controlling interest	(4,769)		(3,631)		(1,138)
FFO	$	767,892	$	756,988	$	10,904	1.4	%
Straight-line expense	4,658		3,986		672
Capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net	(308)		(555)		247
Stock-based compensation expense	22,649		23,136		(487)
Non-cash portion of tax provision	2,384		3,212		(828)
Non-real estate related depreciation and amortization	12,397		12,062		335
Amortization of deferred financing costs	6,538		6,158		380
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		—		115
Transaction expenses	—		3,769		(3,769)
Capital expenditures – maintenance	(58,820)		(62,659)		3,839
Adjustments for unconsolidated affiliates and non-controlling interest	4,769		3,631		1,138
AFFO	$	762,274	$	749,728	$	12,546	1.7	%

FFO for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $767.9 million as compared to FFO of $757.0 million for the same period in 2022. AFFO for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased 1.7% to $762.3 million as compared to $749.7 million for the same period in 2022. The increase in AFFO was primarily attributable to the increase in our gross margin (net revenue less direct advertising expense, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net) and a decrease in current tax expense of $6.8 million, partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $47.0 million and an increase in total general and administrative and corporate expenses (excluding the effect of stock-based compensation expense and transaction expenses).

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview

The Company has historically satisfied its working capital requirements with cash from operations and borrowings under its senior credit facility and Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Media Corp., is the principal borrower under the senior credit facility and maintains all corporate operating cash balances. Certain subsidiaries of Lamar Media are the principal borrowers under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Any cash requirements of the Company, therefore, must be funded by distributions from Lamar Media.

Sources of Cash

Total Liquidity. As of December 31, 2023 we had $715.8 million of total liquidity, which is comprised of $44.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and $671.2 million of availability under the revolving portion of the senior credit facility. We expect our total liquidity to be adequate for the Company to meet its operational requirements for the next twelve months. We are currently in compliance with the maintenance covenant included in the senior credit facility and we would remain in compliance after giving effect to borrowing the full amount available to us under the revolving portion of the senior credit facility.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had a working capital deficit of $340.7 million and $361.5 million, respectively. The working capital deficit for the year ended December 31, 2023 is primarily related to the $249.6 million outstanding under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program as well as $210.6 million in current operating lease liabilities which has a corresponding right of use asset recorded in long term assets. We expect to have enough cash on hand and availability under our revolving credit facility to meet our operating needs for the next twelve months.

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Cash Generated by Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 our cash provided by operating activities was $783.6 million and $781.6 million, respectively. The increase in cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 over the same period in 2022 relates to an increase in revenues, offset by an increase in operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization) and an increase in interest expense. We expect to generate cash flows from operations during 2024 in excess of our cash needs for operations, capital expenditures and dividends, as described herein.

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. On June 24, 2022, Lamar Media and the Special Purpose Subsidiaries entered into the Sixth Amendment (the "Sixth Amendment") to the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, as amended. The Sixth Amendment increased the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program from $175.0 million to $250.0 million and extended the maturity date of the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program to July 21, 2025. Additionally, the Sixth Amendment provides for the replacement of LIBOR-based interest rate mechanics with Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Term SOFR") based interest rate mechanics for the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

Borrowing capacity under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is limited to the availability of eligible accounts receivable collateralizing the borrowings under the agreements governing the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. In connection with the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, Lamar Media and certain of its subsidiaries (such subsidiaries, the “Subsidiary Originators”) sell and/or contribute their existing and future accounts receivable and certain related assets to one of two special purpose subsidiaries, Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC (the “QRS SPV”) and Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC (the “TRS SPV” and together with the QRS SPV the “Special Purpose Subsidiaries”), each of which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Lamar Media. Existing and future accounts receivable relating to Lamar Media and its qualified REIT subsidiaries will be sold and/or contributed to the QRS SPV and existing and future accounts receivable relating to Lamar Media’s TRSs will be sold and/or contributed to the TRS SPV. Each of the Special Purpose Subsidiaries has granted the lenders party to the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program a security interest in all of its assets, which consist of the accounts receivable and related assets sold or contributed to them, as described above, in order to secure the obligations of the Special Purpose Subsidiaries under the agreements governing the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Pursuant to the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, Lamar Media has agreed to service the accounts receivable on behalf of the two Special Purpose Subsidiaries for a fee. Lamar Media has also agreed to guaranty its performance in its capacity as servicer and originator, as well as the performance of the Subsidiary Originators, of their obligations under the agreements governing the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. None of Lamar Media, the Subsidiary Originators or the Special Purpose Subsidiaries guarantees the collectability of the receivables under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. In addition, each of the Special Purpose Subsidiaries is a separate legal entity with its own separate creditors who will be entitled to access the assets of such Special Purpose Subsidiary before the assets become available to Lamar Media. Accordingly, the assets of the Special Purpose Subsidiaries are not available to pay creditors of Lamar Media or any of its subsidiaries, although collections from receivables in excess of the amounts required to repay the lenders and the other creditors of the Special Purpose Subsidiaries may be remitted to Lamar Media.

As of December 31, 2023, there was $250.0 million of outstanding aggregate borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program at a borrowing rate of approximately 6.4%. Lamar Media had no additional availability under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program as of December 31, 2023. The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program will mature on July 21, 2025.

“At-the-Market” Offering Program. On June 21, 2021, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the "2021 Sales Agreement"), with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Wells Fargo Securities LLC, Truist Securities, Inc., SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc. and Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. as our sales agents (each a "Sales Agent", and collectively, the "Sales Agents"), which replaced the prior Sales Agreement with substantially similar terms. Under the terms of the 2021 Sales Agreement, the Company may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its Class A common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $400.0 million through the Sales Agents as either agents or principals. Sales of the Class A common stock, if any, may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be "at-the-market offerings" as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made directly on or through the Nasdaq Global Select Market and any other existing trading market for the Class A common stock, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the Class A common stock under the 2021 Sales Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the 2021 Sales Agreement. The Company intends to use the net proceeds, if any, from the sale of the Class A common stock pursuant to the 2021 Sales Agreement for general corporate purposes, which may include the repayment, refinancing, redemption or repurchase of existing indebtedness, working capital, capital expenditures, acquisition of outdoor advertising assets and businesses and other related investments. The Company did not issue any shares under this program from its inception through December 31, 2023.

Shelf Registration Statement. On June 21, 2021, the Company filed a new automatically effective shelf registration statement (No. 333-257243) that allows Lamar Advertising to offer and sell an indeterminate amount of additional shares of its

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Class A common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company did not issue any shares under the shelf registration statement.

Credit Facilities. On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) with certain of Lamar Media’s subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto, under which the parties agreed to amend and restate Lamar Media’s existing senior credit facility. The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement amended and restated the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 15, 2017, as amended (the "Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement").

On July 2, 2021, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 1 (the "Amendment"), to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Amendment amends the definition of "Subsidiary" to exclude each of Lamar Partnering Sponsor LLC and Lamar Partnering Corporation and any of their subsidiaries (collectively, the "Lamar Partnering Entities") such that, after the giving effect to the Amendment, none of the Lamar Partnering Entities are subject to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement covenants and reporting requirements, but any investment by Lamar Media in any of the Lamar Partnering Entities would be subject to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement covenants. The Amendment also amends the definition of "EBITDA" to replace the existing calculation with a net income-based calculation, which excludes the income of non-Subsidiary entities such as the Lamar Partnering Entities, except to the extent that income of such entities is received by Lamar Media in the form of dividends or distributions.

The senior credit facility, as established by the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “senior credit facility”), consists of (i) a $750.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility which will mature on July 31, 2028, subject to certain conditions (see description of Amendment No. 4 below) (the “revolving credit facility”), (ii) a $600.0 million senior secured Term B loan facility (the “Term B loans”)  which will mature on February 6, 2027, (iii) a $350.0 million senior secured Term A loan facility (the "Term A loans") which will mature on February 6, 2025, and (iv) an incremental facility (the “Incremental Facility”) pursuant to which Lamar Media may incur additional term loan tranches or increase its revolving credit facility subject to a pro forma secured debt ratio calculated as described under “Restrictions under Senior Credit Facility” of 4.50 to 1.00, as well as certain other conditions, including lender approval. Lamar Media borrowed all $600.0 million in Term B loans on February 6, 2020.  The entire amount of the Term B loans will be payable at maturity.

The Term B loans bear interest at rates based on Term SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% (Term SOFR plus such credit spread adjustment, the "Adjusted Term SOFR Rate") or the Adjusted Base Rate, at Lamar Media's option. Term B loans bearing interest at a rate based on Term SOFR bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50%. Term B loans bearing interest at a rate based on the Adjusted Base Rate bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50%. The revolving credit facility bears interest at rates based on Term SOFR ("Term SOFR revolving loans") or the Adjusted Base Rate (“Base Rate revolving loans”), at Lamar Media’s option. Term SOFR revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50% (or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.25% at any time the Total Debt Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). Base Rate revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50% (or the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.25% at any time the total debt ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). The guarantees, covenants, events of default and other terms of the senior credit facility apply to the Term B loans and revolving credit facility.

On July 29, 2022, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 2 ("Amendment No. 2") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 2 established the Term A loans as a new class of incremental term loans. The Term A loans will mature on February 6, 2025 and bear interest based on Term SOFR ("Term SOFR Term A loans") or the Adjusted Base Rate ("Base Rate Term A loans"), at Lamar Media's option. Term SOFR Term A loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50% (or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.25% at any time the Total Debt Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). Base Rate Term A loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50% (or the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.25% at any time the total debt ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). The covenants, events of default and other terms of the senior credit facility apply to the Term A loans. Lamar Media borrowed all $350.0 million in Term A loans on July 29, 2022. Proceeds from the Term A loans were used to repay outstanding balances on the revolving credit facility and a portion of the outstanding balance on our Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

On April 26, 2023, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 3 ("Amendment No. 3") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 3 replaced the London Interbank Offered Rates as administered by the ICE Benchmark Administration with Term SOFR as the successor rate, as set in the Fourth Amended and

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Restated Credit Agreement. All other material terms and conditions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement remain unchanged by Amendment No. 3.

On July 31, 2023, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 4 (the "Amendment No. 4") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 4 extends the maturity date of Lamar Media's $750.0 million revolving credit facility such that the revolving credit facility matures July 31, 2028; provided, that, if on the date (a "Springing Maturity Test Date") that is 91 days prior to either the then scheduled maturity date of Lamar Media's Term B loans (which is currently February 6, 2027) or the February 15, 2028 maturity date of Lamar Media's 3 3/4% Notes, the Company and its restricted subsidiaries do not have sufficient liquidity (defined as unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries plus unused commitments under the revolving credit facility) to repay in full the aggregate outstanding amount (including all accrued and unpaid interest, premiums and make-whole amounts (if any)) of the Term B loans or the 3 3/4% Notes (as applicable), the revolving credit facility will mature on such Springing Maturity Test Date. On the maturity date of the revolving credit facility, the entire principal amount of revolving loans outstanding under the revolving credit facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest on such revolving loans, will be due and payable.

Amendment No. 4 also establishes a $75.0 million swingline as a sublimit of the revolving credit facility, which allows Lamar Media to borrow revolving loans on a same-day basis, in an aggregate outstanding principal amount of up to $75.0 million. In addition, Amendment No. 4 amends the provisions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement related to incremental facilities to allow Lamar Media to establish, from time to time, one or more new incremental revolving facilities on the terms, and subject to the conditions, set forth therein.

As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate balance outstanding under the senior credit facility was $1.02 billion, consisting of $600.0 million in Term B loans aggregate principal balance, $350.0 million in Term A loans aggregate principal balance and $70.0 million outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. Lamar Media had approximately $671.2 million of unused capacity under the revolving credit facility.

Factors Affecting Sources of Liquidity

Internally Generated Funds. The key factors affecting internally generated cash flow are general economic conditions, specific economic conditions in the markets where the Company conducts its business and overall spending on advertising by advertisers. We expect to generate cash flows from operations during 2024 in excess of our cash needs for operations, capital expenditures and dividends, as described herein.

Credit Facilities and Other Debt Securities. The Company and Lamar Media must comply with certain covenants and restrictions related to the senior credit facility, its outstanding debt securities and its Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

Restrictions under Debt Securities. As of December 31, 2023, Lamar Media has outstanding all of the 3 3/4% Senior Notes, the 4% Senior Notes, the 4 7/8% Senior Notes and the 3 5/8% Senior Notes.

The indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes restrict its ability to incur additional indebtedness but permit the incurrence of indebtedness (including indebtedness under the senior credit facility), (i) if no default or event of default would result from such incurrence and (ii) if after giving effect to any such incurrence, the leverage ratio (defined as the sum of (x) total consolidated debt plus (y) the aggregate liquidation preference of any preferred stock of Lamar Media’s restricted subsidiaries to trailing four fiscal quarter EBITDA (as defined in the indentures)) would be less than 7.0 to 1.0. Currently, Lamar Media is not in default under the indentures of any of its outstanding notes and, therefore, would be permitted to incur additional indebtedness subject to the foregoing provision.

In addition to debt incurred under the provisions described in the preceding paragraph, the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes permit Lamar Media to incur indebtedness pursuant to the following baskets:

•up to $2.0 billion of indebtedness under the senior credit facility;

•indebtedness outstanding on the date of the indentures or debt incurred to refinance outstanding debt;

•inter-company debt between Lamar Media and its restricted subsidiaries or between restricted subsidiaries;

•certain purchase money indebtedness and capitalized lease obligations to acquire or lease property in the ordinary course of business that cannot exceed the greater of $50.0 million or 5% of Lamar Media’s net tangible assets;

•additional debt not to exceed $75.0 million; and

•up to $500.0 million of permitted securitization financings.

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Restrictions under Senior Credit Facility. Lamar Media is required to comply with certain covenants and restrictions under the senior credit facility. If the Company or Lamar Media fails to comply with these tests, the lenders under the senior credit facility will be entitled to exercise certain remedies, including the termination of the lending commitments and the acceleration of the debt payments under the senior credit facility. At December 31, 2023 we were, and currently, we are in compliance with all such tests under the senior credit facility.

Lamar Media must maintain a secured debt ratio, defined as total consolidated secured debt of Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media and its restricted subsidiaries (including capital lease obligations), minus the lesser of (x) $150.0 million and (y) the aggregate amount of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media and its restricted subsidiaries (other than the Special Purpose Subsidiaries (as defined above under “Sources of Cash- Accounts Receivable Securitization Program)) to EBITDA, as defined below, for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters then ended, of less than or equal to 4.5 to 1.0.

Lamar Media is restricted from incurring additional indebtedness subject to exceptions, one of which is that it may incur additional indebtedness not exceeding the greater of $250.0 million or 6% of its total assets.

Lamar Media is also restricted from incurring additional unsecured senior indebtedness under certain circumstances unless, after giving effect to the incurrence of such indebtedness, Lamar Media would have a total debt ratio, defined as (x) total consolidated debt (including subordinated debt) of Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media and its restricted subsidiaries as of any date minus the lesser of (i) $150.0 million and (ii) the aggregate amount of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media and its restricted subsidiaries (other than the Special Purpose Subsidiaries) to (y) EBITDA, as defined below, for the most recent four fiscal quarters then ended, of less than 7.0 to 1.0. 

Lamar Media is also restricted from incurring additional subordinated indebtedness under certain circumstances unless, after giving effect to the incurrence of such indebtedness, it is in compliance with the secured debt ratio covenant and its total debt ratio is less than 7.0 to 1.0.

Under the senior credit facility, as amended, “EBITDA” means, for any period, net income, plus (a) to the extent deducted in determining net income for such period, the sum determined without duplication and in accordance with GAAP, of (i) taxes, (ii) interest expense, (iii) depreciation, (iv) amortization, (v) any other non-cash income or charges accrued for such period, (vi) charges and expenses in connection with the senior credit facility, any actual or proposed acquisition, disposition or investment (excluding, in each case, purchases and sales of advertising space and operating assets in the ordinary course of business) and any actual or proposed offering of securities, incurrence or repayment of indebtedness (or amendment to any agreement relating to indebtedness), including any refinancing thereof, or recapitalization, (vii) any loss or gain relating to amounts paid or earned in cash prior to the stated settlement date of any swap agreement that has been reflected in operating income for such period), and (viii) any loss on sales of receivables and related assets to a securitization entity in connection with a permitted securitization financing, plus (b) the amount of cost savings, operating expense reductions and other operating improvements or synergies projected by Lamar Media in good faith to be realized as a result of any acquisition, investment, merger, amalgamation or disposition within 18 months of any such acquisition, investment, merger, amalgamation or disposition, net of the amount of actual benefits realized during such period from such action; provided, (A) the aggregate amount for all such cost savings, operating expense reductions and other operating improvements or synergies will not exceed an amount equal to 15% of EBITDA for the applicable four quarter period and (B) any such adjustment to EBITDA pursuant to this clause (b) may only take into account cost savings, operating expense reductions and other operating improvements or synergies that are (I) directly attributable to such acquisition, investment, merger, amalgamation or disposition, (II) expected to have a continuing impact on Lamar Media and its restricted subsidiaries and (III) factually supportable, in each case all as certified by the Chief Financial Officer of Lamar Media) on behalf of Lamar Media, minus (c) to the extent included in net income for such period (determined without duplication and in accordance with GAAP) (i) any extraordinary and unusual gains or losses during such period, and (ii) the proceeds of any casualty events and dispositions. For purposes of this EBITDA definition, the effect thereon of any adjustments required under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141R shall be excluded. If during any period for which EBITDA is being determined, Lamar Media has consummated any acquisition or disposition, EBITDA will be determined on a pro forma basis as if such acquisition or disposition had been made or consummated on the first day of such period.

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Under the senior credit facility, "net income" means for any period, the consolidated net income (or loss) of Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media, and its restricted subsidiaries, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; provided that the following is excluded from net income: (a) the income (or deficit) of any person accrued prior to the date it becomes a restricted subsidiary or is merged into or consolidated with Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media or any of its restricted subsidiaries, and (b) the income (or deficit) of any person (other than any of our restricted subsidiaries) in which Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media or any of its subsidiaries has an ownership interest, except to the extent that any such income is received by Lamar Advertising, Lamar Media or any of its restricted subsidiaries in the form of dividends or similar distributions.

The Company believes that its current level of cash on hand, availability under the senior credit facility and future cash flows from operations are sufficient to meet its operating needs for the next twelve months. All debt obligations are reflected on the Company’s balance sheet.

Restrictions under Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. The agreements governing the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and termination event provisions, including but not limited to those providing for the acceleration of amounts owed under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program if, among other things, the Special Purpose Subsidiaries fail to make payments when due, Lamar Media, the Subsidiary Originators or the Special Purpose Subsidiaries become insolvent or subject to bankruptcy proceedings or certain judicial judgments, breach certain representations and warranties or covenants or default under other material indebtedness, a change of control occurs, or if Lamar Media fails to maintain the maximum secured debt ratio of 4.5 to 1.0 required under the senior credit facility.

Uses of Cash

Capital Expenditures. Capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions, were approximately $178.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our capital expenditures are categorized as growth or maintenance as described below.

•Growth capital expenditures include discretionary capital expenditures incurred primarily for the expansion or development of new advertising markets and construction of new advertising sites. Growth capital expenditures also include certain technology-related investments necessary to support and scale for future customer demand of our outdoor advertising services, and other capital projects.

•Maintenance capital expenditures include capital expenditures not otherwise categorized as growth capital expenditures, including costs incurred to enhance existing advertising sites, general asset improvements, and ordinary corporate capital expenditures.

We anticipate our 2024 total capital expenditures will be approximately $125 million.

Acquisitions. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed 36 acquisitions for a total cash purchase price of approximately $139.0 million. The acquisitions occurring during the year ended December 31, 2023 were financed using available cash on hand, borrowings under the revolving credit facility and borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

Investments. On July 12, 2021, Lamar acquired a minority stake in Vistar Media ("Vistar"), a leading global provider of programmatic technology for the digital out-of-home sector. Management believes that Lamar's investment of $30.0 million will help Vistar strengthen its balance sheet, expand its research and development and extend its reach into new markets. Lamar received a seat on Vistar's Board of Directors.

Dividends. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company declared and paid distributions of $510.3 million, or $5.00 per share of common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company declared and paid distributions of $508.2 million, or $5.00 per share of common stock. On February 22, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a dividend of $1.30 per common share to be paid on March 28, 2024. Subject to the approval of the Company’s Board of Directors, the Company expects aggregate quarterly distributions to stockholders in 2024 will be $5.20 per common share, including the dividend payable on March 28, 2024.

As a REIT, the Company must annually distribute to its stockholders an amount equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for distributed earnings and excluding any net capital gain). The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions will be at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and will be declared based upon various factors, a number of which may be beyond the Company’s control, including financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain REIT status and reduce any income and excise taxes that the Company otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in our existing and future debt instruments, the Company’s ability to

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utilize net operating losses to offset, in whole or in part, the Company’s distribution requirements, limitations on its ability to fund distributions using cash generated through its TRSs, the impact of general economic conditions on the Company's operations and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant. The foregoing factors may also impact management's recommendations to the Board of Directors as to the timing, amount and frequency of future distributions.

Special Purpose Acquisition Company. On April 6, 2021, Lamar Partnering Corporation ("LPC"), a newly formed special purpose acquisition company and indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1, with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). On June 21, 2022, LPC filed its request to withdraw its registration statement with the SEC. In conjunction with the withdrawn offering, the Company incurred a transaction expense of $1.2 million for the write-off of deferred offering costs incurred on behalf of LPC's registration statement. The $1.2 million in expenses are included in Corporate expenses in our Consolidated Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income at December 31, 2022.

Stock and Debt Repurchasing Program. On March 16, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $250.0 million of the Company's Class A common stock. Additionally, the Board of Directors has authorized Lamar Media to repurchase up to $250.0 million in outstanding senior or senior subordinated notes and other indebtedness outstanding from time to time under the senior credit facility. On February 23, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the extension of the repurchase program through September 30, 2024. There were no repurchases under the program as of December 31, 2023. The Company's management may opt not to make any repurchases under the program, or may make aggregate purchases less than the total amount authorized.

Material Cash Requirements

Our expected material cash requirements for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and thereafter are comprised of contractual obligations, required annual distributions and other opportunistic expenditures.

Debt and Contractual Obligations. The following table summarizes our future debt maturities, interest payment obligations, and contractual obligations including required payments under operating and financing leases as of December 31, 2023 (in millions):

	2024		Thereafter
Debt maturities(1)	$	250.0	$	3,091.1
Interest obligations on long-term debt(2)	169.8		498.8
Contractual obligations, including operating and financing leases	313.1		1,698.2
Total payments due	$	732.9	$	5,288.1

(1)Debt maturities assume there is no refinancing prior to the existing maturity date.

(2)Interest rates on our variable rate instruments assume rates at the December 2023 levels. See Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" for further discussion on interest rate risk.

Required Annual Distributions. As a REIT, the Company must annually distribute to its stockholders an amount equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for distributed earnings and excluding any net capital gain). On February 22, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a dividend of $1.30 per common share to be paid on March 28, 2024. Our Board of Directors will continue to evaluate future dividends in order to continue to satisfy the requirements needed to maintain our REIT status.

Opportunistic Expenditures. As part of our capital allocation strategy, we plan to continue to allocate our available capital among investment alternatives that meet our return on investment criteria. We will continue to reinvest in our existing assets and expand our outdoor advertising display portfolio through new construction. We will also continue to pursue strategic acquisitions of outdoor advertising businesses and assets. This includes acquisitions in our existing markets and in new markets where we can meet our return on investment criteria.

Cash Flows

The Company’s cash flows provided by operating activities increased $2.0 million from $781.6 million in 2022 to $783.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily resulting from an increase in revenues of approximately $78.8 million, offset by an increase in operating expenses (excluding stock-based compensation, gain on disposition of assets and depreciation and amortization) of approximately $27.7 million and an increase in interest expense of $47.0 million as compared to the comparable period in 2022.

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Cash flows used in investing activities decreased $309.0 million from $619.1 million in 2022 to $310.1 million in 2023 primarily due to a net decrease in the amount of assets acquired through acquisitions, investments and capital expenditures of $329.6 million, as compared to the same period in 2022.

The Company’s cash flows used in financing activities were $481.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $209.3 million in 2022. This increase in cash used in financing activities of $272.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 is primarily due to no additional borrowings on the senior credit facility and a decrease in net borrowings on the accounts receivable securitization program in 2023, partially offset by an increase in net borrowings on the revolving credit facility in 2023 over the comparable period in 2022.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Our discussion and analysis of our results of operations and liquidity and capital resources are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to intangible assets, goodwill impairment and asset retirement obligations. We base our estimates on historical and anticipated results and trends and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, including assumptions as to future events and, where applicable, established valuation techniques. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. Actual results may differ from our estimates. We believe that the following significant accounting policies and assumptions may involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity than others.

Asset Retirement Obligations. The Company had an asset retirement obligation of $398.0 million as of December 31, 2023. This liability relates to the Company’s obligation upon the termination or non-renewal of a lease to dismantle and remove its billboard structures from the leased land and to restore the site to its original condition. The Company records the present value of obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets in the period in which they are incurred. The liability is capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset’s carrying amount. Over time, accretion of the liability is recognized as an operating expense and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the expected useful life of the related asset. In calculating the liability, the Company calculates the present value of the estimated cost to dismantle using an average cost to dismantle, adjusted for inflation and market risk.

This calculation includes 100% of the Company’s billboard structures on leased land (which currently consist of approximately 72,350 structures). The Company uses a 15-year retirement period based on historical operating experience in its core markets, including the actual time that billboard structures have been located on leased land in such markets and the actual length of the leases in the core markets, which includes the initial term of the lease, plus consideration of any renewal period. Historical third-party cost information is used to estimate the cost of dismantling of the structures and the reclamation of the site. The interest rate used to calculate the present value of such costs over the retirement period is based on the Company’s historical credit-adjusted risk free rate.

Acquisitions. The Company accounts for transactions that meet the definition of a business and group asset purchases as acquisitions. For transactions that meet the definition of a business combination, the Company allocates the purchase price, including any contingent consideration, to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition with any excess of the purchase price paid over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. For transactions that meet the definition of a business, the determination of the final purchase price and the acquisition-date fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed may extend over more than one period and result in adjustments to the preliminary estimate recognized in the prior period financial statements. For transactions that meet the definition of asset group purchases, the Company allocates the purchase price to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated relative fair values as of the date of the acquisition.  If a transaction is determined to be a group of assets, any direct acquisition costs are capitalized. Transaction costs for transactions determined to be a business combination are expensed as incurred.

The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically determined by using either estimates of replacement costs or discounted cash flow valuation methods. When determining the fair value of tangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the cost to replace the asset with a new asset, adjusted for an estimated reduction in fair value due to age of the asset, and the economic useful life. When determining the fair value of intangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the applicable discount rate and the timing and amount of future cash flows.

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Lease Liabilities and Right of Use Assets. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Codified as ASC 842),” which resulted in recording operating lease liabilities and right of use assets on our consolidated balance sheet. Our operating lease liabilities (including short-term liabilities) and right of use asset balances were $1.29 billion and $1.32 billion as of December 31, 2023, respectively. The balance is recorded based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments under the leasing standard for our existing operating leases. The key estimates for our leases include (1) the discount rate used to discount the unpaid lease payments to present value and (2) lease term. Our leases generally do not include a readily determinable implicit rate, therefore, using a portfolio approach, we determine our collateralized incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payments based on the information available at lease commencement. Our lease terms include the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Company option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend the lease controlled by the lessor. The Company has determined we are not reasonably certain to exercise renewals or termination options, and as a result we use the lease’s initial stated term as the lease term for our lease population.

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND REGULATORY UPDATE

See Note 21, "New Accounting Pronouncements" to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report for a discussion of our Accounting Standards and Regulatory Update.

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

The following is a discussion of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of Lamar Media for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Media and the related notes.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table presents certain items in the Consolidated Statements of Income as a percentage of net revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
Net revenues	100.0	%	100.0	%
Operating expenses:
Direct advertising expenses	33.0	%	32.8	%
General and administrative expenses	16.3	%	17.3	%
Corporate expenses	5.0	%	5.0	%
Depreciation and amortization	13.9	%	17.2	%
Operating income	32.0	%	28.5	%
Interest expense	8.3	%	6.3	%
Income tax expense	0.5	%	0.9	%
Net income	23.6	%	21.6	%

Year ended December 31, 2023 compared to Year ended December 31, 2022

Net revenues increased $78.8 million or 3.9% to $2.11 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $2.03 billion for the same period in 2022. This increase was attributable to an increase in billboard net revenues of $63.8 million, an increase in transit net revenues of $12.8 million and an increase in logo net revenues of $2.2 million over the prior year.

Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023, as compared to acquisition-adjusted net revenues for the comparable period in 2022, increased $43.4 million, or 2.1%. The $43.4 million increase in net revenues is due to a $28.4 million increase in billboard net revenues, a $12.8 million increase in transit net revenues and an increase of $2.2 million in logo net revenues. See “Reconciliations” below.

Total operating expenses, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and gain on disposition of assets, increased $27.2 million, or 2.4% to $1.15 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023 from $1.12 billion in the same period in 2022. The $27.2 million increase over the prior year is primarily comprised of an increase in total direct, general and administrative and corporate expenses (excluding stock-based compensation and transaction expenses) of $31.5 million primarily related to the operations of our outdoor advertising assets, partially offset by a $3.8 million decrease in transaction expenses related to acquisitions and the write-off of deferred offering costs.

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Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $56.0 million to $293.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $349.4 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease is primarily due to the revision in the cost estimate included in the calculation of asset retirement obligations during 2022.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, Lamar Media recognized a gain on disposition of assets of $5.5 million as compared to a gain on disposition of assets of $15.7 million for the same period in 2022. The gain on disposition of assets for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily resulted from transactions related to the sale of billboard locations and displays. The gain on disposition of assets for the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily resulted from a gain of $12.6 million from a contingent payment received in connection with the Company's 2018 sale of Puerto Rico assets.

Due to the above factors, operating income increased $97.4 million to $675.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $578.5 million for the same period in 2022.

Interest expense increased $47.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $174.5 million as compared to $127.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.  The increase in interest expense is related to the increase in interest rates on the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program and senior credit facility.

Equity in earnings of investee was $3.7 million and $4.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The increase in operating income, partially offset by the increase in interest expense over the comparable period in 2022, resulted in a $50.5 million increase in net income before income taxes.

Lamar Media recorded income tax expense of $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to income tax expense of $17.5 million for the same period in 2022. The $17.5 million tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes an expense of $15.2 million for the reduction of Puerto Rico deferred tax assets. The $9.8 million equates to an effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2023 of approximately 1.9%, which differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to our qualification for taxation as a REIT and adjustments for foreign items.

As a result of the above factors, Lamar Media recognized net income for the year ended December 31, 2023 of $497.3 million, as compared to net income of $439.1 million for the same period in 2022.

Reconciliations:

Because acquisitions occurring after December 31, 2021 have contributed to our net revenue results for the periods presented, we provide 2022 acquisition-adjusted net revenue, which adjusts our 2022 net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 by adding to or subtracting from it the net revenue generated by the acquired or divested assets prior to our acquisition or divestiture of these assets for the same time frame that those assets were owned in the year ended December 31, 2023.

Reconciliations of 2022 reported net revenue to 2022 acquisition-adjusted net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 as well as a comparison of 2022 acquisition-adjusted net revenue to 2023 reported net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023, are provided below:

Reconciliation and Comparison of Reported Net Revenue to Acquisition-Adjusted Net Revenue 

	Year ended December 31,
	2023		2022
	(in thousands)
Reported net revenue	$	2,110,987	$	2,032,140
Acquisition net revenue	—		35,428
Adjusted totals	$	2,110,987	$	2,067,568

 

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Key Performance Indicators

Net Income/Adjusted EBITDA

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,				Amount of Increase (Decrease)		Percent Increase (Decrease)
	2023		2022
Net income	$	497,333	$	439,149	$	58,184	13.2	%
Income tax expense	9,782		17,452		(7,670)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		—		115
Transaction expenses	—		3,769		(3,769)
Interest expense (income), net	172,397		126,217		46,180
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)		(4,315)		619
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)		(15,721)		10,247
Depreciation and amortization	293,423		349,449		(56,026)
Capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net	(308)		(555)		247
Stock-based compensation expense	22,649		23,136		(487)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	986,221	$	938,581	$	47,640	5.1	%

Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased 5.1% to $986.2 million. The increase in adjusted EBITDA was primarily attributable to the increase in our gross margin (net revenue less direct advertising expense, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net) of $49.6 million, and was partially offset by an increase in general and administrative and corporate expenses of $1.9 million, excluding the impact of stock-based compensation expense and transaction expenses.

Net Income/FFO/AFFO

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,				Amount of Increase (Decrease)		Percent Increase (Decrease)
	2023		2022
Net income	$	497,333	$	439,149	$	58,184	13.2	%
Depreciation and amortization related to real estate	281,026		337,387		(56,361)
Gain from sale or disposal of real estate, net of tax	(5,201)		(15,415)		10,214
Adjustments for unconsolidated affiliates and non-controlling interest	(4,769)		(3,631)		(1,138)
FFO	$	768,389	$	757,490	$	10,899	1.4	%
Straight-line expense	4,658		3,986		672
Capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net	(308)		(555)		247
Stock-based compensation expense	22,649		23,136		(487)
Non-cash portion of tax provision	2,384		3,212		(828)
Non-real estate related depreciation and amortization	12,397		12,062		335
Amortization of deferred financing costs	6,538		6,158		380
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		—		115
Transaction expenses	—		3,769		(3,769)
Capital expenditures – maintenance	(58,820)		(62,659)		3,839
Adjustments for unconsolidated affiliates and non-controlling interest	4,769		3,631		1,138
AFFO	$	762,771	$	750,230	$	12,541	1.7	%

FFO for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $768.4 million as compared to FFO of $757.5 million for the same period in 2022. AFFO for the year ended December 31, 2023 increased 1.7% to $762.8 million as compared to $750.2 million for the same period in 2022. The increase in AFFO was primarily attributable to the increase in our gross margin (net revenue

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less direct advertising expense, exclusive of depreciation and amortization and capitalized contract fulfillment costs, net) and a decrease in current tax expense of $6.8 million, partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $47.0 million and an increase in total general and administrative and corporate expenses (excluding the effect of stock-based compensation expense and transaction expenses).

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ITEM 7A.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Lamar Advertising Company and Lamar Media Corp.

Lamar Advertising Company is exposed to interest rate risk in connection with variable rate debt instruments issued by its wholly owned subsidiary Lamar Media Corp. The information below summarizes the Company’s interest rate risk associated with its principal variable rate debt instruments outstanding at December 31, 2023, and should be read in conjunction with Note 9 of the Notes to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Lamar Media Corp. has variable rate debt outstanding under the senior credit facility and its Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Because interest rates may increase or decrease at any time, the Company is exposed to market risk as a result of the impact that changes in interest rates may have on the applicable borrowings outstanding. Increases in the interest rates applicable to these borrowings would result in increased interest expense and a reduction in the Company’s net income.

At December 31, 2023 there was approximately $1.27 billion of indebtedness outstanding under the senior credit facility and Accounts Receivable Securitization Program, or approximately 37.7% of the Company’s outstanding long-term debt (including current maturities) on that date, bearing interest at variable rates. The aggregate interest expense for 2023 with respect to borrowings under the senior credit facility and the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program was $82.4 million, and the weighted average interest rate applicable to these borrowings during 2023 was 6.4%. Assuming that the weighted average interest rate was 200 basis points higher (that is 8.4% rather than 6.4%), then the Company’s 2023 interest expense would have increased by approximately $25.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Company attempts to mitigate the interest rate risk resulting from its variable interest rate long-term debt instruments by issuing fixed rate long-term debt instruments and maintaining a balance over time between the amount of the Company’s variable rate and fixed rate indebtedness. In addition, the Company has the capability under the senior credit facility to fix the interest rates applicable to its borrowings at an amount equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (as applicable), or Adjusted Base Rate plus the applicable margin for periods of up to twelve months (in certain cases with the consent of the lenders), which would allow the Company to mitigate the impact of short-term fluctuations in market interest rates. In the event of an increase in interest rates, the Company may take further actions to mitigate its exposure. The Company cannot guarantee, however, that the actions that it may take to mitigate this risk will be feasible or that, if these actions are taken, that they will be effective.

43

ITEM 8.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting	45
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm — Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (KPMG LLP, Baton Rouge, LA, Audit Firm ID: 185)	46
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm — Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements (KPMG LLP, Baton Rouge, LA, Audit Firm ID: 185)	47
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022	49
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December  31, 2023, 2022 and 2021	50
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021	51
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021	52
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	53
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021	79
Schedule III — Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021	80

44

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of Lamar Advertising Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.

Lamar Advertising’s management assessed the effectiveness of Lamar Advertising’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, Lamar Advertising’s management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, Lamar Advertising’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria. The effectiveness of Lamar Advertising’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included in Item 8 to this Annual Report.

45

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Lamar Advertising Company:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Lamar Advertising Company and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedules II to III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 23, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

KPMG LLP

Baton Rouge, Louisiana

February 23, 2024

46

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Lamar Advertising Company:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Lamar Advertising Company and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedules II to III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 23, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Assessment of the accounting lease term for the portfolio of billboard land leases

As discussed in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements, a lessee determines the lease term at the commencement date by identifying the non-cancellable period of the lease and then adding any periods for which it is reasonably certain to exercise a renewal option (or not to exercise a termination option). The Company has approximately 72,350 billboard land leases for which they determined the lease term using a portfolio approach, in accordance with which the negotiated stated initial lease term for each billboard land lease was concluded to be the lease term under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases (ASC 842).

We identified the assessment of the lease term for the portfolio of billboard land leases, which affects the discount rate for the lease as well as the measurement of the lease liability and right of use asset, as a critical audit matter. In the Company’s billboard land leases, the Company typically has both unilateral renewal and termination options. Determining the lease term involved a high degree of subjectivity as to whether the lease term should or should not

47

include renewal periods (including periods after an optional termination date), the evaluation of which required subjective auditor judgment.

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s billboard land lease process, including controls over the qualifications and experience of individuals negotiating the stated initial lease term, reconciliation of inputs into the system, approval of billboard land lease contracts, and annual evaluation of the renewals and terminations exercised by the Company during the year. We evaluated the competence, capabilities, and objectivity of the Company’s real estate team that negotiates the lease terms and conditions, and whether the team considers economic factors that are consistent with those enumerated in ASC 842 when negotiating the stated initial lease term and associated renewal and termination options. We inspected the Company’s assessment and conclusion about using the portfolio approach for its billboard land leases. We tested a sample of the Company’s billboard land lease population and obtained underlying documentation to evaluate whether the leases entered into are similar in terms of the lease agreement creation process, purpose for the lease (i.e. to host a Company billboard), and lease term considerations. We assessed the impact of billboard land leases with early terminations and renewals beyond the stated initial term to evaluate the Company’s assertion that use of the stated initial lease term as the lease term for its billboard land leases on a portfolio basis was appropriate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1999.

Baton Rouge, Louisiana

February 23, 2024

48

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

December 31, 2023 and 2022

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	2023		2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	44,605	$	52,619
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $12,477 and $11,418 as of 2023 and 2022, respectively	301,189		285,039
Other current assets	27,392		26,894
Total current assets	373,186		364,552
Property, plant and equipment (note 5)	4,274,831		4,109,146
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,708,361)		(2,609,447)
Net property, plant and equipment	1,566,470		1,499,699
Operating lease right of use assets	1,315,433		1,271,631
Financing lease right of use assets	11,184		14,037
Goodwill (note 6)	2,035,271		2,035,269
Intangible assets, net (note 6)	1,171,434		1,206,625
Other assets	90,644		83,401
Total assets	$	6,563,622	$	6,475,214
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	18,238	$	19,643
Current maturities of long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $380 and $593 in 2023 and 2022, respectively (note 9)	250,018		249,785
Current operating lease liabilities (note 7)	210,568		205,838
Current financing lease liabilities (note 7)	1,331		1,331
Accrued expenses (note 8)	107,195		117,593
Deferred income	126,547		131,847
Total current liabilities	713,897		726,037
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $28,865 and $32,022 in 2023 and 2022, respectively (note 9)	3,091,109		3,063,020
Operating lease liabilities (note 7)	1,075,285		1,035,655
Financing lease liabilities (note 7)	14,614		15,945
Deferred income tax liabilities (note 12)	12,047		9,651
Asset retirement obligation (note 10)	397,991		390,442
Other liabilities	41,891		39,090
Total liabilities	5,346,834		5,279,840
Stockholders’ equity (note 14):
Series AA preferred stock, par value $0.001, $63.80 cumulative dividends, authorized 5,720 shares; 5,720 shares issued and outstanding at 2023 and 2022	—		—
Class A common stock, par value $0.001, 362,500,000 shares authorized, 88,486,495 and 88,110,928 shares issued and 87,645,560 and 87,327,232 outstanding at 2023 and 2022, respectively	88		88
Class B common stock, par value $0.001, 37,500,000 shares authorized, 14,420,085 shares issued and outstanding at 2023 and 2022	14		14
Additional paid-in-capital	2,103,282		2,061,671
Accumulated comprehensive loss	(428)		(659)
Accumulated deficit	(819,235)		(804,382)
Cost of shares held in treasury, 840,935 and 783,696 shares in 2023 and 2022, respectively	(67,347)		(61,358)
Non-controlling interest	414		—
Stockholders’ equity	1,216,788		1,195,374
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	6,563,622	$	6,475,214

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

49

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	2023		2022		2021
Statements of Income
Net revenues (note 2)	$	2,110,987	$	2,032,140	$	1,787,401
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	696,799		667,288		576,507
General and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	344,780		350,623		326,951
Corporate expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	106,025		102,500		93,577
Depreciation and amortization (note 11)	293,423		349,449		271,294
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)		(15,721)		(2,115)
	1,435,553		1,454,139		1,266,214
Operating income	675,434		578,001		521,187
Other expense (income):
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		—		21,604
Interest income	(2,115)		(1,293)		(763)
Interest expense	174,512		127,510		106,384
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)		(4,315)		(3,384)
	168,816		121,902		123,841
Income before income tax expense	506,618		456,099		397,346
Income tax expense (note 12)	9,782		17,452		9,256
Net income	496,836		438,647		388,090
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073		—		—
Net income attributable to controlling interest	495,763		438,647		388,090
Preferred stock dividends	365		365		365
Net income applicable to common stock	$	495,398	$	438,282	$	387,725
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share	$	4.86	$	4.32	$	3.83
Diluted earnings per share	$	4.85	$	4.31	$	3.83
Cash dividends declared per share of common stock	$	5.00	$	5.00	$	4.00
Weighted average common shares used in computing earnings per share:
Weighted average common shares outstanding basic	101,920,268		101,527,778		101,133,269
Weighted average common shares outstanding diluted	102,106,647		101,634,543		101,349,865
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income	$	496,836	$	438,647	$	388,090
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	231		(1,514)		(79)
Comprehensive income	497,067		437,133		388,011
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073		—		—
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$	495,994	$	437,133	$	388,011

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

50

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	Series AA PREF Stock		Class A CMN Stock	Class B CMN Stock	Treasury Stock	Add’l Paid in Capital	Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Non-controlling Interest	Total
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	—	87	14	(44,786)	1,963,850	934	(717,331)	—	1,202,768
Non-cash compensation	—		—	—	—	4,942	—	—	—	4,942
Issuance of 158,985 shares of common stock through stock awards	—		1	—	—	13,565	—	—	—	13,566
Exercise of 156,491 shares of stock options	—		—	—	—	10,170	—	—	—	10,170
Issuance of 114,035 shares of common stock through employee purchase plan	—		—	—	—	8,872	—	—	—	8,872
Purchase of 68,336 shares of treasury stock	—		—	—	(6,066)	—	—	—	—	(6,066)
Foreign currency translation	—		—	—	—	—	(79)	—	—	(79)
Net income	—		—	—	—	—	—	388,090	—	388,090
Dividends/distributions to common shareholders ($4.00 per common share)	—		—	—	—	—	—	(404,809)	—	(404,809)
Dividends ($63.80 per preferred share)	—		—	—	—	—	—	(365)	—	(365)
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	—	88	14	(50,852)	2,001,399	855	(734,415)	—	1,217,089
Non-cash compensation	—		—	—	—	11,012			—	11,012
Issuance of 248,947 shares of common stock through stock awards	—		—	—	—	30,366	—	—	—	30,366
Exercise of 194,035 shares of stock options	—		—	—	—	8,671	—	—	—	8,671
Issuance of 127,108 shares of common stock through employee purchase plan	—		—	—	—	10,223	—	—	—	10,223
Purchase of 95,679 shares of treasury stock	—		—	—	(10,506)	—	—	—	—	(10,506)
Foreign currency translation	—		—	—	—	—	(1,514)	—	—	(1,514)
Net income	—		—	—	—	—	—	438,647	—	438,647
Dividends/distributions to common shareholders ($5.00 per common share)	—		—	—	—	—	—	(508,249)	—	(508,249)
Dividends ($63.80 per preferred share)	—		—	—	—	—	—	(365)	—	(365)
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	—	88	14	(61,358)	2,061,671	(659)	(804,382)	—	1,195,374
Non-cash compensation	—		—	—	—	10,323			—	10,323
Issuance of 168,176 shares of common stock through stock awards	—		—	—	—	16,615	—	—	—	16,615
Exercise of 60,385 shares of stock options	—		—	—	—	4,300	—	—	—	4,300
Issuance of 147,006 shares of common stock through employee purchase plan	—		—	—	—	11,389	—	—	—	11,389
Purchase of 57,239 shares of treasury stock	—		—	—	(5,989)	—	—	—	—	(5,989)
Foreign currency translation	—		—	—	—	—	231	—	—	231
Net income	—		—	—	—	—	—	495,763	1,073	496,836
Reallocation of capital	—		—	—	—	(1,016)	—	—	397	(619)
Dividends/distributions to common shareholders ($5.00 per common share)	—		—	—	—	—	—	(510,251)	(1,056)	(511,307)
Dividends ($63.80 per preferred share)	—		—	—	—	—	—	(365)	—	(365)
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	—	88	14	(67,347)	2,103,282	(428)	(819,235)	414	1,216,788

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

51

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

	2023		2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	496,836	$	438,647	$	388,090
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	293,423		349,449		271,294
Stock-based compensation	22,649		23,136		37,368
Amortization included in interest expense	6,538		6,158		5,877
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)		(15,721)		(2,115)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		—		21,604
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)		(4,315)		(3,384)
Deferred income tax expense	2,384		3,212		1,574
Provision for doubtful accounts	12,737		9,013		4,527
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in:
Receivables	(28,744)		(22,511)		(24,684)
Prepaid expenses	1,087		(906)		(5,493)
Other assets	(3,363)		2,711		5,030
(Decrease) increase in:
Trade accounts payable	(307)		1,176		1,308
Accrued expenses	(1,708)		(10,773)		9,553
Operating lease liabilities	2,490		7,198		3,819
Other liabilities	(11,354)		(4,862)		20,049
Cash flows provided by operating activities	783,613		781,612		734,417
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(178,271)		(167,078)		(126,090)
Acquisitions	(138,961)		(479,766)		(312,257)
Payment for investments in equity securities	—		—		(30,000)
Decrease in notes receivable	62		12,124		107
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	7,051		15,649		6,480
Cash flows used in investing activities	(310,119)		(619,071)		(461,760)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock	15,689		18,894		19,042
Cash used for purchase of treasury shares	(5,989)		(10,506)		(6,066)
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	403,000		445,000		200,000
Payments on revolving credit facility	(378,000)		(575,000)		(25,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	(381)		(365)		(378)
Principal payments on financing leases	(1,331)		(1,331)		(1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans	—		350,000		—
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	114,900		265,000		180,000
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program	(114,900)		(190,000)		(127,500)
Proceeds received from note offering	—		—		550,000
Redemption of senior notes and senior subordinated notes	—		—		(668,688)
Debt issuance costs	(2,951)		(1,583)		(8,823)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(1,056)		(814)		(601)
Dividends/distributions	(510,616)		(508,614)		(405,174)
Cash flows used in financing activities	(481,635)		(209,319)		(294,519)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	127		(391)		81
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(8,014)		(47,169)		(21,781)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	52,619		99,788		121,569
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	44,605	$	52,619	$	99,788
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	168,011	$	120,000	$	112,080
Cash paid for state and federal income taxes	$	11,432	$	16,325	$	8,388

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

52

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(1)Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies

(a)Nature of Business

Lamar Advertising Company (the Company) is engaged in the outdoor advertising business, operating approximately 160,400 billboard advertising displays in 45 states and Canada. The Company’s operating strategy is to be the leading provider of outdoor advertising services in the markets it serves.

In addition, the Company operates a logo sign business in 23 states throughout the United States and the province of Ontario, Canada and operates approximately 47,850 transit advertising displays in 24 states and Canada. Logo signs are erected pursuant to state-awarded service contracts on public rights-of-way near highway exits and deliver brand name information on available gas, food, lodging and camping services. Included in the Company’s logo sign business are tourism signing contracts. The Company provides transit advertising in airport terminals, on bus shelters, benches and buses in the markets it serves.

The Company operates as a Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and generally will not be subject to federal income taxes on its income and gains that the Company distributes to its stockholders, including the income derived from advertising rental revenue. However, even as a REIT, the Company will remain obligated to pay income taxes on earnings from the assets of its taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). In addition, the Company’s foreign assets and operations continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those assets are held or those operations are conducted.

On July 1, 2022, the Company's direct wholly owned subsidiary Lamar Media Corp. ("Lamar Media") entered into the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement (the "Partnership Agreement") of Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership (the "OP") as the initial limited partner, along with its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Advertising General Partner, LLC, as the general partner of the OP (the "General Partner"). Lamar Media formed the OP and contributed all of its assets to the OP in connection with the Company's reorganization (the "Reorganization") as a specific type of REIT known as an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust ("UPREIT"). The Company completed the Reorganization to facilitate tax-deferred contributions of properties to the OP in exchange for limited partnership interests in the OP. The Reorganization did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

(b)Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Lamar Advertising Company, its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Media, and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

An operating segment is a component of an enterprise:

•that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses;

•whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and

•for which discrete financial information is available.

We define the term ‘chief operating decision maker’ to be our executive management group, which consists of our Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Currently, all operations are reviewed on a consolidated basis for budget and business plan performance by our executive management group. Additionally, operational performance at the end of each reporting period is viewed in the aggregate by our management group. Any decisions related to changes in invested capital, personnel, operational improvement or training, or to allocate other company resources are made based on the combined results.

We operate in a single operating and reporting segment, advertising. We rent advertising space on billboards, buses, shelters, benches, logo plates and in airport terminals.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(c)Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

(d)Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is subject to an annual impairment test. The Company designated December 31 as the date of its annual goodwill impairment test. The Company is required to identify its reporting units and determine the carrying value of each reporting unit. The Company has identified two reporting units, Billboard operations and Logo operations, by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets, to those reporting units. The Company is required to determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company would be required to book an impairment loss.

The Company conducts a qualitative assessment by examining relevant events and circumstances which could have a negative impact on the Company’s goodwill, which includes macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, reporting unit dispositions and acquisitions, the market capitalization of the Company and other relevant events specific to the Company. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances described above, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of either of the Company's reporting units is less than its carrying amount, the Company will perform a quantitative impairment test. If industry and economic conditions deteriorate, the Company may be required to assess goodwill impairment before the next annual test, which could result in impairment charges.

The Company performed its annual measurement for impairment of the goodwill of its reporting units and concluded the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount at its annual impairment test date on December 31, 2023 and 2022; therefore, the Company was not required to recognize an impairment loss.

Intangible assets, consisting primarily of site locations, customer lists and contracts, and non-competition agreements are amortized using the straight-line method over the assets' estimated useful lives, generally from 2 to 15 years.

(e)Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, lease right of use assets and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group before interest expense. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.

(f)Acquisitions

The Company accounts for transactions that meet the definition of a business and group asset purchases as acquisitions. For transactions that meet the definition of a business combination, the Company allocates the purchase price, including any contingent consideration, to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition with any excess of the purchase price paid over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. The determination of the final purchase price and the acquisition-date fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed may extend over more than one period and result in adjustments to the preliminary estimate recognized in the prior period financial statements. For transactions that meet the definition of asset group purchases, the Company proportionally allocates the purchase price to the assets based on relative fair value acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. If a transaction is determined to be a group of assets, any direct acquisition costs are capitalized. Transaction costs for transactions determined to be a business combination are expensed as incurred.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically determined by using either estimates of replacement costs or discounted cash flow valuation methods. When determining the fair value of tangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the cost to replace the asset with a new asset, adjusted for an estimated reduction in fair value due to age of the asset, and the economic useful life. When determining the fair value of intangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the applicable discount rate and the timing and amount of future cash flows.

(g)Lease Liabilities

The Company is party to various operating leases for production facilities, vehicles and sites upon which advertising structures are built, including our billboard land leases, leases of logo structures and leases of transit advertising space. The leases expire at various dates, have varying options to renew and cancel, and may contain escalation provisions. We expense our non-variable lease payments ratably over the lease term. Also, certain of our leases contain variable lease payments based on percentage of revenue or consumer price index or other inflation-based indices. The variable lease costs are expensed in the period incurred. Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification as part of the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements will not likely meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they will no longer be accounted for as a lease.

Financing lease right of use assets are amortized over the life of the lease which is recorded in depreciation and amortization on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Interest related to financing lease liabilities is recorded in interest expense on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

The key estimates for our leases include (1) the discount rate used to discount the unpaid lease payment to present value and (2) lease term. Our leases generally do not include a readily determinable implicit rate, therefore, using a portfolio approach, we determine our collateralized incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payment based on the information available at lease commencement. Our lease terms include the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Company option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend the lease controlled by the lessor. The Company has determined we are not reasonably certain to exercise renewals or termination options, and as a result we use the lease’s initial stated term as the lease term for our lease population.

(h)Deferred Income

Deferred income consists principally of advertising revenue invoiced in advance. Deferred advertising revenue is recognized in income over the term of the contract.

(i)Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes outdoor advertising revenue on an accrual basis ratably over the term of the contracts. Production revenue and the related expense for the advertising copy are recognized upon satisfaction of its performance obligation.

The Company engages in barter transactions where the Company trades advertising space for goods and services. The Company recognizes revenues and expenses from barter transactions at fair value, which is determined based on the Company’s own historical practice of receiving cash for similar advertising space from buyers unrelated to the party in the barter transaction. The amount of revenue and expense recognized for advertising barter transactions is as follows:

	2023		2022		2021
Net revenues	$	9,599	$	8,775	$	7,718
Direct advertising expenses	$	4,832	$	4,044	$	4,014
General and administrative expenses	$	4,044	$	3,904	$	3,112

(j)Income Taxes

As a REIT, the Company is generally not subject to federal income taxes on income and gains distributed to the Company’s stockholders. However, the Company remains obligated to pay income taxes on earnings from domestic TRSs. In addition, the Company’s foreign assets and operations continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

assets are held or where those operations are conducted, including those designated as Qualified REIT Subsidiaries, or QRSs, for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements reflect provisions for federal, state, local and foreign income taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carry forwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

(k)Dividends/Distributions

As a REIT, the Company must annually distribute to its stockholders an amount equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for distributed earnings and excluding any net capital gain). During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company declared and paid distributions of its REIT taxable income of $510,251 or $5.00 per share, $508,249 or $5.00 per share and $404,809 or $4.00 per share, respectively. The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions will be at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and will be declared based upon various factors, a number of which may be beyond the Company’s control, including the financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain REIT status and reduce any income and excise taxes that the Company otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in its existing and future debt instruments, the Company’s ability to utilize net operating losses (“NOLs”) to offset, in whole or in part, the Company’s distribution requirements, limitations on its ability to fund distributions using cash generated through its TRSs, the impact of general economic conditions on the Company's operations and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant. During each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company paid dividend distributions to holders of its Series AA Preferred Stock of $365 or $63.80 per share.

(l)Earnings Per Share

The calculation of basic earnings per share excludes any dilutive effect of stock options, while diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of stock options. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 there were no dilutive shares excluded from the calculation.

(m)Stock Based Compensation

Compensation expense for share-based awards is recognized based on the grant date fair value of those awards. Stock based compensation expense includes an estimate for pre-vesting forfeitures and is recognized over the requisite service periods of the awards on a straight-line basis, which is generally commensurate with the vesting term. Non-cash compensation expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $22,649, $23,136 and $37,368, respectively. The $22,649 expensed during the year ended December 31, 2023 consists of (i) $4,855 related to stock options and the employee stock purchase plan, (ii) $11,677 related to stock grants made under the Company’s performance-based stock incentive program in 2023, (iii) $5,347 related to LTIP Units issued to the Company's executive officers, (iv) $55 related to non-performance restricted stock awards and (v) $715 related to restricted stock awards to directors. See Note 15 for information on the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock-based compensation.

(n)Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

(o)Credit Losses

The Company estimates credit losses on financial instruments based on amounts expected to be collected. The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on historical collections, accounts receivable aging, economic indicators, and expected future trends.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(p)Foreign Currency Translation

Local currencies generally are considered the functional currencies outside the United States. Assets and liabilities for operations in local-currency environments are translated at year-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. Foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and as a component of accumulated comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity.

(q)Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company is required to record the fair value of obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets in the period in which it is incurred. The liability is capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset’s carrying amount. Adjustments are made to the asset retirement obligation liability to reflect changes in the estimates of the retirement period and amount of expected cash flows, with an offsetting adjustment made to the related long-lived tangible asset. The significant assumptions used in estimating the Company's asset retirement obligations include the retirement period, cost of asset dismantlement, credit-adjusted risk-free interest rates, inflation and market risk. Over time, accretion of the liability is recognized as an operating expense and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the expected useful life of the related asset. The Company’s asset retirement obligations relate primarily to the dismantlement, removal, site reclamation and similar activities of its leased properties.

(r)Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(s)Comprehensive Income

Total comprehensive income is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and the components of accumulated comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. Comprehensive income is composed of foreign currency translation effects.

(t)Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments using the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

(u)    Investments

On July 12, 2021, Lamar invested $30,000 to acquire a 20% minority interest in Vistar Media, a leading global provider of programmatic technology for the digital out-of-home sector. This investment is accounted for as an equity method investment and is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, related to this investment, the Company recorded $4,107, $4,284 and $3,384, respectively, in equity in earnings of investee on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

(v)    Subsequent Events

The Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date on which the financial statements are issued.

(2)Revenue

Revenue Recognition

Advertising revenues: The majority of our revenues are derived from contracts for advertising space on billboard, logo and transit displays. Contracts which do not meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, Leases are accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The majority of our advertising space contracts do not meet the definition of a

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

lease under ASC 842 and are therefore accounted for under ASC 606. The contract revenues are recognized ratably over their contract life. Costs to fulfill a contract, which include our costs to install advertising copy onto billboards, are capitalized and amortized to direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we capitalized $26,349 and $25,078, respectively, of costs to fulfill contracts, which is included in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of expensed costs of $26,041 and $24,546, respectively.

Other revenues: Our other component of revenue primarily consists of production services which includes creating and printing the advertising copy. Revenue for production contracts are recognized under ASC 606. Contract revenues for production services are recognized upon satisfaction of the contract which is typically less than one week.

Arrangements with multiple performance obligations: Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price. We determine standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers using expected cost plus margin.

Deferred revenues: We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance obligation. The term between invoicing and when a payment is due is not significant. For certain services we require payment before the product or services are delivered to the customer. The balance of deferred income is considered short-term and will be recognized in revenue within twelve months.

Practical expedients and exemptions: The Company is utilizing the following practical expedients and exemptions from ASC 606. We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period is one year or less. These costs are recorded within direct advertising expense (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations as the majority of our contracts with customers have an original expected length of less than one year. For contracts with customers which exceed one year, the future amount to be invoiced to the customer corresponds directly with the value to be received by the customer.

The following table presents our disaggregated revenue by source for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

	2023		2022		2021
Billboard Advertising	$	1,877,823	$	1,813,995	$	1,613,554
Logo Advertising	82,324		80,145		78,180
Transit Advertising	150,840		138,000		95,667
Net Revenues	$	2,110,987	$	2,032,140	$	1,787,401

(3)Acquisitions

Year Ended December 31, 2023

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed several acquisitions of outdoor advertising assets for a total purchase price of $138,961.

Each of these acquisitions was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, and, accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of each acquired entity from the date of acquisition. The acquisition purchase price has been allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on fair market value estimates at the dates of acquisition.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

The following is a summary of the allocation of the purchase price in the above transactions.

	Total
Property, plant and equipment	$	30,837
Goodwill	(50)
Site locations	90,152
Non-competition agreements	360
Customer lists and contracts	11,061
Asset acquisition costs	414
Current assets	8,410
Current liabilities	(3,851)
Operating lease right of use assets	11,016
Operating lease liabilities	(9,388)
	$	138,961

Total acquired intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $101,937, of which ($50) was assigned to goodwill relating to the finalization of the fair value allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Fairway Outdoor and Standard Outdoor in the business combination completed December 9, 2022. Goodwill is not amortized for financial statement purposes and no goodwill related to 2023 acquisitions is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The acquired intangible assets have a weighted average useful life of approximately 14 years. The intangible assets include customer lists and contracts of $11,061 (7 year weighted average useful life) and site locations of $90,152 (15 year weighted average useful life). The aggregate amortization expense related to the 2023 acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $3,330.

As of December 31, 2023, we finalized our fair value allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Fairway Outdoor and Standard Outdoor in the business combination completed December 9, 2022. The changes to our updated fair value allocation of this business combination were considered immaterial and recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information for the Company gives effect to the 2023 and 2022 acquisitions as if they had occurred on January 1, 2022. These pro forma results do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had the acquisitions occurred on such date or to project the Company’s results of operations for any future period.

	2023		2022
	(unaudited)
Net revenues	$	2,117,677	$	2,074,229
Net income applicable to common stock	$	490,936	$	430,515
Net income per common share — basic	$	4.82	$	4.24
Net income per common share — diluted	$	4.81	$	4.24

Year Ended December 31, 2022

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed several acquisitions of outdoor advertising assets for a total purchase price of $479,766, net of cash acquired of $6,904. Included within this total purchase price were the acquisitions of Burkhart Advertising Inc. for an aggregate purchase price of $130,000 as well as Fairway Outdoor and Standard Outdoor for an aggregate purchase price of $92,650.

Each of these acquisitions was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, and, accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of each acquired entity from the date of

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

acquisition. The acquisition purchase price has been allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on fair market value estimates at the dates of acquisition.

As of December 31, 2022, our fair value allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Fairway Outdoor and Standard Outdoor in the business combination completed December 9, 2022 was considered preliminary and subject to revision, which could result in adjustments to this allocation. The aggregate purchase price of this business combination was $92,650. In order to develop our preliminary fair values, the Company utilized asset information received from the acquired company and fair value allocation benchmarks from similar completed transactions. Our preliminary allocation of these assets includes property, plant and equipment, intangibles and goodwill of $34,066, $28,130 and $30,458, respectively. As discussed above, we finalized this fair value allocation during 2023.

The following is a summary of the allocation of the purchase price in the above transactions, which includes the preliminary values for a business combination completed on December 9, 2022.

	Total
Property, plant and equipment	$	87,312
Goodwill	99,003
Site locations	246,288
Non-competition agreements	2,328
Customer lists and contracts	43,339
Asset acquisition costs	903
Current assets	2,177
Current liabilities	(12,677)
Operating lease right of use assets	79,960
Operating lease liabilities	(68,867)
	$	479,766

Total acquired intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $391,861, of which $99,003 was assigned to goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized for financial statement purposes and $456 of goodwill related to 2022 acquisitions is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The acquired intangible assets have a weighted average useful life of approximately 14 years. The intangible assets include customer lists and contracts of $43,339 (7 year weighted average useful life) and site locations of $246,288 (15 year weighted average useful life). The aggregate amortization expense related to the 2022 acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2022 was approximately $14,605.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information for the Company gives effect to the 2022 and 2021 acquisitions as if they had occurred on January 1, 2021. These pro forma results do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had the acquisitions occurred on such date or to project the Company's results of operations for any future period.

	2022		2021
	(unaudited)
Net revenues	$	2,063,800	$	1,879,002
Net income applicable to common stock	$	429,726	$	373,476
Net income per common share — basic	$	4.23	$	3.69
Net income per common share — diluted	$	4.23	$	3.69

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(4)Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there were no significant non-cash investing activities or significant non-cash financing activities.

(5)Property, Plant and Equipment

Major categories of property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	Estimated Life (Years)	2023		2022
Land	—	$	482,424	$	459,370
Building and improvements	10 — 39	235,861		220,468
Advertising structures	5 — 15	3,401,132		3,285,636
Automotive and other equipment	3 — 7	155,414		143,672
		$	4,274,831	$	4,109,146

(6)Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Estimated Life (Years)	2023				2022
		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Amortizable Intangible Assets:
Customer lists and contracts	7 — 10	$	731,156	$	640,635	$	720,051	$	614,840
Non-competition agreements	3 — 15	71,960		66,455		71,599		65,647
Site locations	15	2,955,324		1,891,078		2,864,854		1,781,164
Other	2 — 15	52,578		41,416		52,164		40,392
		$	3,811,018	$	2,639,584	$	3,708,668	$	2,502,043
Unamortizable Intangible Assets:
Goodwill		$	2,288,807	$	253,536	$	2,288,805	$	253,536

The changes in the gross carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	2,189,962
Goodwill acquired during the year	99,003
Purchase price adjustments and other	(160)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	2,288,805
Purchase price adjustments and other	2
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	2,288,807

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $140,033, $134,256 and $114,319, respectively. The following is a summary of the estimated amortization expense for future years:

2024	$	136,705
2025	133,235
2026	125,223
2027	121,230
2028	114,693
Thereafter	540,348
Total	$	1,171,434

(7)Leases

The Company is party to various operating leases for production facilities, vehicles and sites upon which advertising structures are built, including our billboard land leases, leases of logo structures and leases of transit advertising space. The leases expire at various dates, have varying options to renew and cancel, and may contain escalation provisions. We expense our non-variable lease payments ratably over the lease term. Also, certain of our leases contain variable lease payments based on percentage of revenue or consumer price index or other inflation-based indices. The variable lease costs are expensed in the period incurred. Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification, as part of the adoption of ASC 842, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements will not likely meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they will no longer be accounted for as a lease.

Financing lease right of use assets are amortized over the life of the lease which is recorded in depreciation and amortization on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. Interest related to financing lease liabilities is recorded in interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

The key estimates for our leases include (1) the discount rate used to discount the unpaid lease payment to present value and (2) lease term. Our leases generally do not include a readily determinable implicit rate, therefore, using a portfolio approach, we determine our collateralized incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payment based on the information available at lease commencement. Our lease terms include the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Company option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend the lease controlled by the lessor. The Company has determined we are not reasonably certain to exercise renewals or termination options, and as a result we use the lease’s initial stated term as the lease term for our lease population.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we had base operating lease costs of $311,640 and variable operating lease costs of $60,147, for a total operating lease cost of $371,787. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we had base operating lease costs of $306,825 and variable operating lease costs of $59,651, for a total operating lease cost of $366,476. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we had base operating lease costs of $290,036 and variable lease costs of $51,628, for a total operating lease cost of $341,664. Our operating lease costs are recorded in direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). Also, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recorded a (gain) loss of ($295), ($824) and $241 respectively, in gain on disposition of assets related to the amendment and termination of lease agreements. Cash payments of $341,741, $307,581 and $296,460 were made reducing our operating lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are included in cash flows provided by operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

We elected the short-term lease exemption which applies to certain of our vehicle agreements. This election allows the Company to not recognize lease right of use assets or lease liabilities for agreements with a term of twelve months or less. We recorded $10,189, $7,478 and $6,184 in direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for these agreements during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Our operating leases have a weighted-average remaining lease term of 12.4 years. The weighted-average discount rate of our operating leases is 5.0%. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we obtained $24,999 and $79,095, respectively, of leased assets in exchange for new operating lease liabilities, which includes liabilities obtained through acquisitions. Lease terminations during the year resulted in a $10,635 and $5,090 reduction to operating lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following is a summary of the maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023:

2024	$	261,788
2025	194,702
2026	168,285
2027	144,511
2028	122,107
Thereafter	896,888
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	1,788,281
Less: Imputed interest	(502,428)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	1,285,853

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we obtained no new leased assets in exchange for new financing lease liabilities. Our financing leases have a weighted-average remaining lease term of 3.9 years and a weighted-average discount rate of 3.1%. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, amortization expense of $2,853 was recorded within depreciation and amortization and interest expense of $504, $544 and $585, was recorded within interest expense, respectively, on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in relation to these financing lease liabilities. Cash payments of $1,331 were made reducing our financing lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and are included in cash flows used in financing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification as part of the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements do not meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they are no longer accounted for as a lease. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, non-lease variable transit payments were $87,688, $78,877 and $47,054, respectively. These transit expenses are recorded in direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

(8)Accrued Expenses

The following is a summary of accrued expenses at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	2023		2022
Payroll	$	21,903	$	24,601
Interest	23,322		23,360
Insurance benefits	10,801		10,008
Accrued variable lease and contract expense	30,375		28,117
Stock-based compensation	7,936		12,216
Other	12,858		19,291
	$	107,195	$	117,593

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(9) Long-term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	December 31, 2023
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	1,019,222	$	8,266	$	1,010,956
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		380		249,620
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		4,923		595,077
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,226		543,774
4% Senior Notes	549,516		5,675		543,841
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		3,775		396,225
Other notes with various rates and terms	1,634		—		1,634
	3,370,372		29,245		3,341,127
Less current maturities	(250,398)		(380)		(250,018)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,119,974	$	28,865	$	3,091,109

	December 31, 2022
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	993,970	$	8,171	$	985,799
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		593		249,407
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		6,000		594,000
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,982		543,018
4% Senior Notes	549,437		6,459		542,978
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		4,410		395,590
Other notes with various rates and terms	2,013		—		2,013
	3,345,420		32,615		3,312,805
Less current maturities	(250,378)		(593)		(249,785)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,095,042	$	32,022	$	3,063,020

Long-term debt contractual maturities are as follows:

	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
2024	$	399	$	—	$	399
2025	$	600,420	$	964	$	599,456
2026	$	442	$	—	$	442
2027	$	599,568	$	3,601	$	595,967
2028	$	670,000	$	9,004	$	660,996
Thereafter	$	1,499,543	$	15,676	$	1,483,867

Senior Credit Facility

On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) with certain of Lamar Media’s subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto, under which the parties agreed to amend and restate Lamar Media’s

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

existing senior credit facility. The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement amended and restated the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 15, 2017, as amended (the “Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”).

The senior credit facility, as established by the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “senior credit facility”), consists of (i) a $750,000 senior secured revolving credit facility which will mature on July 31, 2028, subject to certain conditions (see description of Amendment No. 4 below) (the “revolving credit facility”), (ii) a $600,000 senior secured Term B loan facility (the “Term B loans”) which will mature on February 6, 2027, (iii) a $350,000 senior secured Term A loan facility (the "Term A loans") which will mature on February 6, 2025, and (iv) an incremental facility (the “Incremental Facility”) pursuant to which Lamar Media may incur additional term loan tranches or increase its revolving credit facility subject to a pro forma secured debt ratio of 4.50 to 1.00, as well as certain other conditions including lender approval. Lamar Media borrowed all $600,000 in Term B loans on February 6, 2020. The entire amount of the Term B loans will be payable at maturity. The net proceeds from the Term B loans, together with borrowings under the revolving portion of the senior credit facility and a portion of the proceeds of the issuance of the 3 3/4% Senior Notes due 2028 and 4% Senior Notes due 2030 (both as described below), were used to repay all outstanding amounts under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, and all revolving commitments under that facility were terminated.

The Term B loans mature on February 6, 2027 with no required amortization payments. The Term B loans bear interest at rates based on the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Term SOFR") plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% (Term SOFR plus such credit spread adjustment, the "Adjusted Term SOFR Rate") or the Adjusted Base Rate, at Lamar Media’s option. Term B loans bearing interest at a rate based on Term SOFR bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50%. Term B loans bearing interest at a rate based on the Adjusted Base Rate bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50%.

The revolving credit facility bears interest at rates based on Term SOFR ("Term SOFR revolving loans”) or the Adjusted Base Rate (“Base Rate revolving loans”), at Lamar Media’s option. Term SOFR revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50% (or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.25% at any time the Total Debt Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). Base Rate revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50% (or the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.25% at any time the total debt ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). The guarantees, covenants, events of default and other terms of the senior credit facility apply to the Term B loans and revolving credit facility.

On July 29, 2022, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 2 ("Amendment No. 2") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 2 established the Term A loans as a new class of incremental term loans. The Term A loans will mature on February 6, 2025 with no required amortization payments prior to maturity and bear interest at rates based on the Term SOFR ("Term SOFR Term A loans") or the Adjusted Base Rate ("Base Rate Term A loans"), at Lamar Media's option. Term SOFR Term A loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50% (or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.25% at any time the Total Debt Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). Base Rate Term A loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50% (or the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.25% at any time the total debt ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). The covenants, events of default and other terms of the senior credit facility apply to the Term A loans. Lamar Media borrowed all $350,000 in Term A loans on July 29, 2022. The entire amount of the Term A loans will be payable at maturity. Proceeds from the Term A loans were used to repay outstanding balances on the revolving credit facility and a portion of the outstanding balance on the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

On April 26, 2023, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 3 ("Amendment No. 3") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 3 replaced the London Interbank Offered Rates as administered by the ICE Benchmark Administration with Term SOFR as the successor rate, as set in the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. All other material terms and conditions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement remain unchanged by Amendment No. 3.

On July 31, 2023, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 4 ("Amendment No. 4"), to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 4 extends the maturity date of Lamar Media's $750,000 revolving credit facility such that the revolving credit facility matures July 31, 2028; provided, that, if on the date (a "Springing Maturity Test Date") that is 91 days prior to either the then scheduled maturity date of Lamar Media's Term B loans (which is currently February 6, 2027) or the February 15, 2028 maturity date of Lamar Media's 3 3/4% Notes, the Company and its restricted subsidiaries do not have sufficient liquidity (defined as unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries plus unused commitments under the revolving credit facility) to repay in full the aggregate outstanding amount (including all accrued and unpaid interest, premiums and make-whole amounts (if any)) of the Term B loans or the 3 3/4% Notes (as applicable), the revolving credit facility will mature on such Springing Maturity Test Date. On the maturity date of the revolving credit facility, the entire principal amount of revolving loans outstanding under the revolving credit facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest on such revolving loans, will be due and payable.

Amendment No. 4 also establishes a $75,000 swingline as a sublimit of the revolving credit facility, which allows Lamar Media to borrow revolving loans on a same-day basis, in an aggregate outstanding principal amount of up to $75,000. In addition, Amendment No. 4 amends the provisions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement related to incremental facilities to allow Lamar Media to establish, from time to time, one or more new incremental revolving facilities on the terms, and subject to the conditions, set forth therein.

As of December 31, 2023, there were $70,000 in outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility. Availability under the revolving credit facility is reduced by the amount of any letters of credit outstanding. Lamar Media had $8,834 in letters of credit outstanding as of December 31, 2023 resulting in $671,166 of availability under the revolving credit facility. Revolving credit loans may be requested under the revolving credit facility at any time prior to its maturity on July 31, 2028.

The terms of Lamar Media’s senior credit facility and the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes restrict, among other things, the ability of Lamar Advertising and Lamar Media to:

•dispose of assets;

•incur or repay debt;

•create liens;

•make investments; and

•pay dividends.

The senior credit facility contains provisions that allow Lamar Media to conduct its affairs in a manner that allows Lamar Advertising to qualify and remain qualified as a REIT, including by allowing Lamar Media to make distributions to Lamar Advertising required for the Company to qualify and remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, subject to certain restrictions.

Lamar Media’s ability to make distributions to Lamar Advertising is also restricted under the terms of these agreements. Under the senior credit facility, the Company must maintain a specified secured debt ratio as long as a revolving credit commitment, revolving loan or letter of credit remains outstanding, and in addition, must satisfy a total debt ratio in order to incur debt, make distributions or make certain investments.

Lamar Advertising and Lamar Media were in compliance with all of the terms of their indentures and the senior credit facility provisions during the periods presented.

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program

On December 18, 2018, Lamar Media entered into a $175,000 Receivable Financing Agreement (the "Receivable Financing Agreement") with its wholly-owned special purpose entities, Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC and Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC (the “Special Purpose Subsidiaries”) (the "Accounts Receivable Securitization Program"). The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is limited to the availability of eligible accounts receivable collateralizing the borrowings under the agreements governing the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Pursuant to two separate Purchase and Sale Agreements dated December 18, 2018, each of which is among Lamar Media as initial Servicer, certain of Lamar Media’s subsidiaries and a Special Purpose Subsidiary, the subsidiaries sold substantially all of their existing and future accounts receivable balances to the Special Purpose Subsidiaries. The Special Purpose Subsidiaries use the accounts receivable balances to collateralize loans pursuant to the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Lamar Media retains the responsibility of servicing the accounts receivable balances pledged as collateral under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program and provides a performance guaranty.

On June 24, 2022, Lamar Media and the Special Purpose Subsidiaries entered into the Sixth Amendment (the "Sixth Amendment") to the Receivables Financing Agreement. The Sixth Amendment increased the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program from $175,000 to $250,000 and extended the maturity date of the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program to July 21, 2025. Additionally, the Sixth Amendment provides for the replacement of LIBOR-based interest rate mechanics with Term SOFR based interest rate mechanics for the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

As of December 31, 2023, there was $250,000 outstanding aggregate borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Lamar Media had no additional availability for borrowing under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program as of December 31, 2023. The commitment fees based on the amount of unused commitments under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program were immaterial during the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program will mature on July 21, 2025. Lamar Media may amend the facility to extend the maturity date, enter into a new securitization facility with a different maturity date, or refinance the indebtedness outstanding under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program using borrowings under its senior credit facility or from other financing sources.

The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is accounted for as a collateralized financing activity, rather than a sale of assets, and therefore: (i) accounts receivable balances pledged as collateral are presented as assets and the borrowings are presented as liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income reflect the associated charges for bad debt expense (a component of general and administrative expenses) related to the pledged accounts receivable and interest expense associated with the collateralized borrowings and (iii) receipts from customers related to the underlying accounts receivable are reflected as operating cash flows and borrowings and repayments under the collateralized loans are reflected as financing cash flows within our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

5 3/4% Senior Notes

On January 28, 2016, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $400,000 aggregate principal amount of 5 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Original 5 3/4 % Notes”). The institutional private placement resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $394,500.

On February 1, 2019, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of an additional $250,000 aggregate principal amount under its 5 3/4% Notes (the “Additional 5 3/4% Notes”, and together with the Original 5 3/4% Notes, the "5 3/4% Notes"). Other than with respect to the date of issuance, issue price and CUSIP number, the Additional 5 3/4% Notes have the same terms as the Original 5 3/4% Notes. The net proceeds after underwriting fees and expenses, was approximately $251,500.

On February 3, 2021, Lamar Media redeemed in full all $650,000 aggregate principal amount 5 3/4% Notes. The 5 3/4% Notes redemption was completed using the proceeds received from the 3 5/8% Notes offering completed on January 22, 2021 (as described below), together with cash on hand and borrowings under the revolving credit facility and Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. The 5 3/4% Notes were redeemed at a redemption price equal to 102.875% of the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to (but not including) the redemption date. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of approximately $21,604 related to the note redemption, of which $18,700 was in cash.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

4% Senior Notes

On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $400,000 aggregate principal amount of 4% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Original 4% Notes”). The institutional private placement on February 6, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $395,000.

On August 19, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of an additional $150,000 aggregate principal amount of its 4% Notes (the “Additional 4% Notes”, and together with the "Original 4% Notes, the "4% Notes"). Other than with respect to the date of issuance and issue price, the Additional 4% Notes have the same terms as the Original 4% Notes. The institutional private placement on August 19, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $146,900.

At any time prior to February 15, 2025, Lamar Media may redeem some or all of the 4% Notes at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a make-whole premium. On or after February 15, 2025, Lamar Media may redeem the 4% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 4% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 4% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 4% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.

3 3/4% Senior Notes

On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $600,000 aggregate principal amount of 3 3/4% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “3 3/4% Notes”). The institutional private placement on February 6, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $592,500.

On or after February 15, 2023, Lamar Media may redeem the 3 3/4% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 3 3/4% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 3 3/4% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 3 3/4% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.

4 7/8% Senior Notes

On May 13, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $400,000 aggregate principal amount of 4 7/8% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “4 7/8% Notes”). The institutional private placement on May 13, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $395,000.

At any time prior to January 15, 2024, Lamar Media may redeem some or all of the 4 7/8% Notes at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a make-whole premium. On or after January 15, 2024, Lamar Media may redeem the 4 7/8% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 4 7/8% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 4 7/8% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 4 7/8% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.

3 5/8% Senior Notes

On January 22, 2021, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $550,000 aggregate principal amount of 3 5/8% Senior Notes due 2031 (the "3 5/8% Notes"). The institutional private placement on January 22, 2021 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $542,500.

Lamar Media may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 3 5/8% Notes, at any time and from time to time, at a price equal to 103.625% of the aggregate principal amount so redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, with the net cash proceeds of certain public equity offerings completed before January 15, 2024 provided that following the redemption, at least 60% of the 3 5/8% Notes that were originally issued remain outstanding and any such redemption occurs within 120 days following the closing of any such public equity offering. At any time prior to January 15, 2026, Lamar Media may redeem some or all of the 3 5/8% Notes at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a make-whole premium. On or after January 15, 2026, Lamar Media may redeem

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

the 3 5/8% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 3 5/8% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder's 3 5/8% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 3 5/8% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.

Debt Repurchase Program

On March 16, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized Lamar Media to repurchase up to $250,000 outstanding senior or senior subordinated notes and other indebtedness outstanding from time to time under its Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. On February 23, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the extension of the repurchase program through September 30, 2024. There were no repurchases under the program as of December 31, 2023.

(10)Asset Retirement Obligation

The Company’s asset retirement obligation includes the costs associated with the removal of its structures, resurfacing of the land and retirement cost, if applicable, related to the Company’s outdoor advertising portfolio. The following table reflects information related to our asset retirement obligations:

Balance at December 31, 2021	$	269,367
Additions to asset retirement obligations	9,676
Revision in estimates	110,321
Accretion expense	4,894
Liabilities settled	(3,816)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	390,442
Additions to asset retirement obligations	4,548
Revision in estimates	1,230
Accretion expense	7,210
Liabilities settled	(5,439)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	397,991

Revision in estimates in December 31, 2022 of $110,321 reflects changes in cost estimates to remove structures and resurface land for structures that reside on leased land in the Company's outdoor advertising portfolio.

(11)Depreciation and Amortization

The Company includes all categories of depreciation and amortization on a separate line in its Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The amounts of depreciation and amortization expense excluded from the following operating expenses in its Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Direct advertising expenses	$	273,297	$	330,357	$	253,850
General and administrative expenses	5,691		5,242		4,691
Corporate expenses	14,435		13,850		12,753
	$	293,423	$	349,449	$	271,294

(12)Income Taxes

Commencing January 1, 2014, the Company began operating as a REIT for U.S. income tax purposes. Since operating as a REIT, the Company filed, and intends to continue to file, as a REIT, and its TRSs filed, and intend to continue to file, as C corporations. The Company also files tax returns in various states and countries. The Company’s state tax returns reflect

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

different combinations of the Company’s subsidiaries and are dependent on the connection each subsidiary has with a particular state. The following information pertains to the Company’s income taxes on a consolidated basis.

Income tax expense consists of the following:

	Current		Deferred		Total
Year ended December 31, 2023
U.S. federal	$	6,223	$	1,280	$	7,503
State and local	2,035		(26)		2,009
Foreign	(860)		1,130		270
	$	7,398	$	2,384	$	9,782
Year ended December 31, 2022
U.S. federal	$	5,663	$	2,073	$	7,736
State and local	3,376		(136)		3,240
Foreign	5,201		1,275		6,476
	$	14,240	$	3,212	$	17,452
Year ended December 31, 2021
U.S. federal	$	4,723	$	620	$	5,343
State and local	3,958		254		4,212
Foreign	(999)		700		(299)
	$	7,682	$	1,574	$	9,256

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had income taxes payable of $36 and $4,104, respectively, which was recorded within accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The U.S. and foreign components of earnings before income taxes are as follows:

	2023		2022		2021
U.S.	$	509,040	$	446,395	$	395,800
Foreign	(2,422)		9,704		1,546
Total	$	506,618	$	456,099	$	397,346

A reconciliation of significant differences between the reported amount of income tax expense and the expected amount of income tax expense that would result from applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21 percent to income before taxes for the 2023, 2022 and 2021 tax years is as follows:

	2023		2022		2021
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory rate	$	106,390	$	95,781	$	83,443
Tax adjustment related to REIT(a)	(101,486)		(86,793)		(83,153)
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	2,732		2,850		2,917
Book expenses not deductible for tax purposes	2,574		3,042		1,893
Stock-based compensation	513		(3,336)		3,555
Valuation allowance(b)	875		(14,984)		(1,564)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries(c)	(95)		(84)		292
Other differences, net(d)	(1,721)		20,976		1,873
Income tax expense	$	9,782	$	17,452	$	9,256

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(a)Includes dividend paid deduction of $107,137, $106,129 and $85,087 for the tax years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(b)For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, a non-cash valuation allowance of $875, ($14,984) and ($1,564), respectively, was recorded to income tax expense due to our limited ability to utilize Puerto Rico and Canada deferred tax assets in future years.

(c)    Management does not assert that the undistributed earnings of our Canadian subsidiaries will be permanently reinvested. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recognized a deferred tax (benefit) expense of ($95), ($84) and $292, respectively, for future foreign withholding taxes related to undistributed earnings.

(d)    Under Section 1031.01(b)(10) of the 2011 Puerto Rico Code, net operating losses and the tax basis of any other assets shall be reduced for forgiveness of debt to the extent by which the taxpayer is insolvent. As a result, a non-cash expense of $15,201 was recorded to income tax expense for the reduction of Puerto Rico deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Puerto Rico income tax withholding rate applicable on the accrued interest of the debt is 29%. As a result, a cash expense of $5,068 was recorded to income tax expense.

The tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below:

	2023		2022
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	211	$	423
Net operating loss carry forwards	5,261		5,068
Tax credit carry forwards	1,202		1,364
Charitable contributions carry forward	2		1
Gross deferred tax assets	6,676		6,856
Less: valuation allowance	(5,333)		(4,435)
Net deferred tax assets	1,343		2,421
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles	(4,926)		(5,016)
Accrued liabilities not deducted for tax purposes	(2,133)		(2,222)
Investment in partnerships	(2,611)		(1,758)
Property, plant and equipment	(2,956)		(2,234)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries	(764)		(842)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(13,390)		(12,072)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(12,047)	$	(9,651)

As of December 31, 2023, we have approximately $45,589 of U.S. net operating loss carry forwards to offset future taxable income. Of this amount, $12,399 is subject to Internal Revenue Code §382 limitation but will be available to be fully utilized by no later than 2027. These carry forwards expire between 2030 through 2037. In addition, we have $1,205 of various credits available to offset future U.S. federal income tax.

As of December 31, 2023, we have approximately $1,313,978 of state net operating loss carry forwards before valuation allowances. These state net operating losses are available to reduce future taxable income and expire at various times and amounts. In addition, we have $64 of various credits available to offset future state income tax. There was no valuation allowance related to state net operating losses as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. There was no net change in the total state valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2023 and a net decrease in the total state valuation allowance of $334 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $4,512 of Canadian net operating loss carry forwards before valuation allowances. These Canadian net operating losses are available to offset future taxable income. These carry forwards expire between 2040 and 2043.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $9,092 of Puerto Rico net operating loss carry forwards before valuation allowances. These Puerto Rico net operating losses are available to offset future taxable income. These carry forwards expire in 2032 and 2033. In addition, we have $688 of alternative minimum tax credits available to offset future Puerto Rico income tax.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in those jurisdictions during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities (including the impact of available carry back and carry forward periods), projected future taxable income, and tax-planning strategies in making this assessment. In order to fully realize the deferred tax assets, the Company will need to generate future taxable income before the expiration of the carry forwards governed by the tax code. Based on the current level of pretax earnings, the Company will not generate the minimum amount of future taxable income to support the realization of the deferred tax assets. As a result, management has determined that a valuation allowance related to Puerto Rico and Canada net operating loss carry forwards and other deferred tax assets is necessary. The valuation allowance for these deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $5,333 and $4,435, respectively. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was an increase (decrease) of $898 and ($14,664), respectively. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carry forward period increase.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has accumulated undistributed earnings generated by our foreign subsidiaries of approximately $15,277. Management does not designate these earnings as permanently reinvested and has recognized a deferred tax liability of approximately $764 related to foreign withholding taxes on these earnings. We have recognized a current year tax benefit of $95 related to 2023 earnings.

Under ASC 740, Income Taxes, we provide for uncertain tax positions, and the related interest, and adjust recognized tax benefits and accrued interest accordingly. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	5,125
Additions for tax positions related to current year	718
Additions for tax positions related to prior years	1,142
Lapse of statute of limitations	(1,441)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	5,544
Additions for tax positions related to prior years	703
Lapse of statute of limitations	(1,815)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	4,432

Included in the balance of unrecognized benefits at December 31, 2023 is $4,432 of tax benefits that, if recognized in future periods, would impact our effective tax rate. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized interest and penalties of $76 and $212, respectively, as a component of income tax expense in connection with our liabilities related to uncertain tax positions.

Within the next twelve months, we expect to decrease our unrecognized tax benefits by approximately $1,314 as a result of the expiration of statute of limitations.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and nearly all states. In addition, the Company is subject to income taxes in Canada and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. We are no longer subject to U.S federal income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2020, or for any U.S. state income tax audit prior to 2017. With respect to Canada and Puerto Rico, we are no longer subject to income tax audits for years before 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(13)Related Party Transactions

Affiliates, as used within these statements, are persons or entities that are affiliated with Lamar Advertising Company or its subsidiaries through common ownership and directorate control.

RTC Holdings, LLC (“RTC”), a telecommunications company, is 100% owned by entities owned by members of the Reilly family. Entities owned by Sean E. Reilly, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company; Kevin P. Reilly, Jr., Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors; and members of their respective immediate families hold a majority stake in RTC of approximately 89%. The Reilly Family, LLC, which is owned by Sean E. Reilly, Kevin P. Reilly, Jr., members of our Board of Directors Anna Reilly and Wendell Reilly, and entities owned by each of them and members of their respective immediate families, holds the remaining minority stake in RTC of approximately 11%. On May 31, 2019, RTC acquired EATELCORP, LLC (“EATEL”) and its subsidiaries. EATEL provides phone and internet services to consumers and businesses in Louisiana. EATEL also provides data back-up and recovery services to businesses. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company was a customer of EATEL for data back-up and recovery services. The aggregate amount paid by the Company to EATEL for such services was $84 and $228 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company was also contracted by EATEL to provide advertising services in the aggregate amount of $206 and $154 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company had $274 and $158 receivables from employees or executive officers at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

On July 12, 2021, Lamar invested $30,000 to acquire a 20% minority interest in Vistar Media, a leading global developer of programmatic technology for the digital out-of-home sector. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $12,050, $13,074 and $10,586, respectively, from advertisements generated through Vistar's programmatic technology platform. We also incurred expenses of $1,134, $1,167 and $880 related to these advertisements for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(14)Stockholders’ Equity

On July 16, 1999, the Board of Directors designated 5,720 shares of the 1,000,000 shares of previously undesignated preferred stock, par value $.001, as Series AA preferred stock, which shares were subsequently exchanged on a one for one basis in the REIT conversion. The Series AA preferred stock ranks senior to the Class A common stock and Class B common stock with respect to dividends and upon liquidation. Holders of Series AA preferred stock are entitled to receive, on a pari passu basis, dividends at the rate of $15.95 per share per quarter when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors. The Series AA preferred stock is entitled to receive, on a pari passu basis, $638 plus a further amount equal to any dividend accrued and unpaid to the date of distribution before any payments are made or assets distributed to the Class A common stock or Class B stock upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. The liquidation value of the outstanding Series AA preferred stock at December 31, 2023 was $3,649. The Series AA preferred stock is entitled to one vote per share.

All of the outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Company, following any required distribution to the holders of outstanding shares of preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to share pro rata in any balance of the corporate assets available for distribution to them. The Company may pay dividends if, when and as declared by the Board of Directors from funds legally available therefore, subject to the restrictions set forth in the Company’s existing indentures and the senior credit facility. Subject to the preferential rights of the holders of any class of preferred stock, holders of shares of common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the Company’s Board of Directors out of funds legally available for such purpose. No dividend may be declared or paid in cash or property on any share of either class of common stock unless simultaneously the same dividend is declared or paid on each share of the other class of common stock, provided that, in the event of stock dividends, holders of a specific class of common stock shall be entitled to receive only additional shares of such class.

The rights of the Class A and Class B common stock are equal in all respects, except holders of Class B common stock have ten votes per share on all matters in which the holders of common stock are entitled to vote and holders of Class A common stock have one vote per share on such matters. The Class B common stock will convert automatically into Class A

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

common stock upon the sale or transfer to persons other than permitted transferees (as defined in the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended).

On June 21, 2021, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the "2021 Sales Agreement") with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Wells Fargo Securities LLC, Truist Securities, Inc., SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc. and Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. as our sales agents (each a "Sales Agent", and collectively, the "Sales Agents"), which replaced the prior Sales Agreement with substantially similar terms. Under the terms of the 2021 Sales Agreement, the Company may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its Class A common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $400,000, through the Sales Agents as either agents or principals.

Sales of the Class A Common Stock, if any, may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at-the-market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made directly on or through the Nasdaq Global Select Market and any other existing trading market for the Class A Common Stock, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the Class A common stock under the 2021 Sales Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the 2021 Sales Agreement.

As of December 31, 2023, no shares of our Class A common stock have been sold under the 2021 Sales Agreement and accordingly $400,000 remained available to be sold under the 2021 Sales Agreement as of December 31, 2023.

On June 21, 2021, the Company filed an automatically effective shelf registration statement that allows Lamar Advertising to offer and sell an indeterminate amount of additional shares of its Class A common stock. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not issue any shares under this shelf registration.

On March 16, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $250,000 of the Company’s Class A common stock. On February 23, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the extension of the repurchase program through September 30, 2024. There were no repurchases under the program as of December 31, 2023.

(15)Stock Compensation Plans

Equity Incentive Plan. Lamar’s 1996 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, (the “1996 Plan”) has reserved 17.5 million shares of Class A common stock for issuance to directors and employees, including shares underlying granted options and common stock reserved for issuance under its performance-based incentive and LTIP Unit programs. Options granted under the 1996 Plan expire ten years from the grant date with vesting terms ranging from three to five years which primarily includes 1) options that vest in one-fifth increments beginning on the grant date and continuing on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date and 2) options that cliff-vest on the fifth anniversary of the grant date. All grants are made at fair market value based on the closing price of our Class A common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date of grant.

In February 2013, the 1996 Plan was amended to eliminate the provision that limited the amount of Class A common stock, including shares retained from an award, that could be withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations to the minimum tax obligations required by law (except with respect to option awards). In accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, the Company is required to classify the awards affected by the amendment as liability-classified awards at fair value each period prior to their settlement. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded a liability, in accrued expenses, of $7,936 and $12,216, respectively, related to its equity incentive awards affected by this amendment.

We use a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to estimate the fair value of share-based awards. The Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model incorporates various highly subjective assumptions, including expected term and expected volatility. We have reviewed our historical pattern of option exercises and have determined that meaningful differences in option exercise activity existed among vesting schedules. Therefore, for all stock options granted after January 1, 2006, we have categorized these awards into two groups of vesting 1) 5-year cliff vest and 2) 4-year graded vest, for valuation purposes. We have determined there were no meaningful differences in employee activity under our ESPP due to the nature of the plan.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

We estimate the expected term of options granted using an implied life derived from the results of a hypothetical mid-point settlement scenario, which incorporates our historical exercise, expiration and post-vesting employment termination patterns, while accommodating for partial life cycle effects. We believe these estimates will approximate future behavior.

We estimate the expected volatility of our Class A common stock at the grant date using a blend of 90% historical volatility of our Class A common stock and 10% implied volatility of publicly traded options with maturities greater than six months on our Class A common stock as of the option grant date. Our decision to use a blend of historical and implied volatility was based upon the volume of actively traded options on our common stock and our belief that historical volatility alone may not be completely representative of future stock price trends.

Our risk-free interest rate assumption is determined using the Federal Reserve nominal rates for U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with maturities similar to those of the expected term of the award being valued. We assumed an expected dividend yield of 5%.

We estimate option forfeitures at the time of grant and periodically revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. We record stock based compensation expense only for those awards expected to vest using an estimated forfeiture rate based on our historical forfeiture data.

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions used:

Grant Year	Dividend Yield	Expected Volatility	Risk Free Interest Rate	Expected Lives
2023	5%	45%	4%	6
2022	5%	45%	2%	6
2021	5%	45%	2%	6

Information regarding stock options under the 1996 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Life
Outstanding, beginning of year	410,900	$	83.39
Granted	49,500	87.82
Exercised	(60,385)	71.21
Forfeited	(7,200)	84.09
Expired	(1,800)	84.09
Outstanding, end of year	391,015	$	85.81	6.38
Exercisable at end of year	261,915	$	80.28	5.43

At December 31, 2023 there was $2,784 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options granted which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.72 years.

Shares available for future stock option, LTIP Units and restricted share grants to employees and directors under existing plans were 1,701,476 at December 31, 2023. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding as of December 31, 2023 was $8,941 and the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable was $7,248. Total intrinsic value of options exercised was $1,830 for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Information regarding LTIP Units under the 1996 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of year	88,000	$	88.49
Granted	88,000	102.51
Exercised	—	—
Outstanding, end of year	176,000	$	95.50
Vested at end of year	88,000	$	88.49

At December 31, 2023 there was $603 of unrecognized compensation cost related to LITP Units granted which is expected to be recognized in the first half of 2024.

The fair value of LTIP Units granted and vested as of December 31, 2023 was $9,021 and $7,787, respectively, based on the weighted average grant date fair value per unit.

Stock Purchase Plan. On May 30, 2019, our shareholders approved Lamar Advertising’s 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2019 ESPP”). The number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2019 ESPP was automatically increased by 87,327 shares on January 1, 2023 pursuant to the automatic increase provisions of the 2019 ESPP.

The following is a summary of 2019 ESPP share activity for the year ended December 31, 2023:

	Shares
Available for future purchases, January 1, 2023	301,971
Additional shares reserved under 2019 ESPP	87,327
Purchases	(147,006)
Available for future purchases, December 31, 2023	242,292

Performance-based compensation. Unrestricted shares of our Class A common stock may be awarded to key officers, employees and directors under our 1996 Plan based on certain Company performance measures for fiscal year 2023. The number of shares to be issued, if any, are generally dependent on the level of achievement of these performance measures as determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee based on our 2023 results and are issued in the first half of 2024. The shares subject to these awards generally can range from a minimum of 0% to a maximum of 100% of the target number of shares depending on the level at which the goals are attained. Based on the Company’s performance measures achieved through December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $11,677, $11,545 and $29,324 as stock-based compensation expense related to these agreements for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

LTIP Units. In addition to performance-based compensation, the Company may issue LTIP Units of the OP, a subsidiary of the Company, to certain officers, employees and directors under the 1996 Plan. Such LTIP Units are subject to vesting and forfeiture conditions based on performance criteria approved by the Compensation Committee, which mirrors the performance criteria applicable to the Company's performance-based compensation, as described above. LTIP Units are a class of units intended to qualify as "profits interests" of the OP. The LTIP Units convert into Common Units of the OP upon the occurrence of certain events. Common Units are redeemable by the holder for shares of the Company's Class A common stock after a holding period of twelve months, or may be paid out in cash at the option of the general partner of the OP. As of December 31, 2023, the OP issued a total of 176,000 LTIP Units to the Company's executive officers, of which 88,000 LTIP units have vested. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $5,347 and $5,897, respectively, as stock-based compensation expense related to these LTIP Units.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(16)Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors a partially self-insured group health insurance program. The Company is obligated to pay all claims under the program, which are in excess of premiums, up to program limits. The Company is also self-insured with respect to its income disability benefits and against casualty losses on advertising structures. Amounts for expected losses, including a provision for losses incurred but not reported, is included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2023, the Company maintained $5,537 in letters of credit with a bank to meet requirements of the Company’s worker’s compensation and general liability insurance carrier.

Savings and Profit Sharing Plan

The Company sponsors The Lamar Corporation Savings and Profit Sharing Plan covering eligible employees who have completed one year of service and are at least 21 years of age. The Company has the option to match 50% of employees’ contributions up to 5% of eligible compensation. Employees can contribute up to 100% of compensation. Full vesting on the Company’s matched contributions occurs after three years for contributions made after January 1, 2002. Annually, at the Company’s discretion, an additional profit sharing contribution may be made on behalf of each eligible employee. The Company matched contributions of $7,265, $6,780 and $5,811 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Deferred Compensation Plan

The Company sponsors a Deferred Compensation Plan for the benefit of certain of its board-elected officers who meet specific age and years of service and other criteria. Officers that have attained the age of 30 and have a minimum of 10 years of service to the Company and satisfy additional eligibility guidelines are eligible for annual contributions to the plan generally ranging from $3 to $8, depending on the employee’s length of service. The Company’s contributions to the plan are maintained in a rabbi trust and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the plan are reflected in the balance sheet of the Company in other assets and other liabilities. Upon termination, death or disability, participating employees are eligible to receive an amount equal to the fair market value of the assets in the employee’s deferred compensation account. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company contributed $1,880, $1,637 and $1,540, respectively.

On December 8, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Lamar Deferred Compensation Plan in order to (1) to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 409A”) applicable to deferred compensation and (2) to reflect changes in the administration of the plan. The Company’s Board of Directors also approved the adoption of a grantor trust pursuant to which amounts may be set aside, but remain subject to claims of the Company’s creditors, for payments of liabilities under the new plan, including amounts contributed under the old plan. The plan was further amended in August 2007 to make certain amendments to reflect Section 409A regulations issued on April 10, 2007. An additional clarifying amendment was made to the plan in December 2013.

(17)Commitment and Contingencies

Off balance sheet arrangements

Our off balance sheet commitments consist of guaranteed minimum payments to local transit municipalities and airport authorities for agreements which entitle us to rent advertising space to customers, in airports and on buses, benches or shelters. Also included are other contractual agreements that occur in the ordinary course of business which do not meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842. The following is a summary of the minimum payments related to these agreements.

2024	$	49,520
2025	$	43,533
2026	$	30,057
2027	$	19,855
2028	$	16,790
Thereafter	$	45,734

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Legal matters

The Company is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

(18)Distribution Restrictions

Lamar Media’s ability to make distributions to Lamar Advertising is restricted under both the terms of the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes and by the terms of the senior credit facility. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, Lamar Media was permitted under the terms of its outstanding senior subordinated and senior notes to make transfers to Lamar Advertising in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances in amounts up to $4,438,406 and $4,187,593, respectively.

As of December 31, 2023, the senior credit facility allows Lamar Media to make transfers to Lamar Advertising in any taxable year up to the amount of Lamar Advertising’s taxable income (without any deduction for dividends paid). In addition, as of December 31, 2023, transfers to Lamar Advertising are permitted under the senior credit facility and as defined therein up to the available cumulative credit, as long as no default has occurred and is continuing and, after giving effect to such distributions, (i) the total debt ratio is less than 7.0 to 1 and (ii) the secured debt ratio does not exceed 4.5 to 1. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total debt ratio was less than 7.0 to 1 and Lamar Media’s secured debt ratio was less than 4.5 to 1, and the available cumulative credit was $3,188,886 and $2,938,073, respectively.

(19)Fair Value of Financial Instruments

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s financial instruments included cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, investments, accounts payable and borrowings. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt approximated carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Investments and initial recognition of asset retirement obligations are reported at fair values. Fair values for investments held at cost are not readily available, but are estimated to approximate fair value. The estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt (including current maturities) was $3,206,117, which is less than both the gross and carrying amount of $3,370,372 as of December 31, 2023. The majority of the fair value is determined using observed prices of publicly traded debt (level 1 in the fair value hierarchy) and the remaining is valued based on quoted prices for similar debt (level 2 in the fair value hierarchy).

(20)Information about Geographic Areas

Revenues from external customers attributable to foreign countries totaled $30,568, $29,465 and $24,354 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net carrying value of long-lived assets located in foreign countries totaled $13,930 and $11,763 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. All other revenues from external customers and long-lived assets relate to domestic operations.

(21) New Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which provides guidance on the recognition and measurement of contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination. At the acquisition date, the acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. The guidance also provides certain practical expedients for acquirers when recognizing and measuring acquired contract assets and contract liabilities from revenue contracts in a business combination. This guidance is effective for public entities as of December 15, 2022. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires Companies to disclose disaggregated information related to the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This guidance is effective for public entities as of December 15, 2024. We do not anticipate the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

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SCHEDULE II

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Costs and Expenses	Deductions	Balance at End of Period
Year ended December 31, 2023
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	11,418	12,737	11,678	$	12,477
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	4,435	898	—	$	5,333
Year ended December 31, 2022
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	11,195	9,013	8,790	$	11,418
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	19,433	—	14,998	$	4,435
Year ended December 31, 2021
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	14,946	4,527	8,278	$	11,195
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	20,997	—	1,564	$	19,433

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SCHEDULE III

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

Description(1)	Encumbrances	Initial Cost(2)	Gross Carrying Amount(3)		Accumulated Depreciation		Construction Date	Acquisition Date	Useful Lives
363,496 Displays	—	—	$	3,883,556	$	(2,529,560)	Various	Various	5 to 20 years

(1)No single asset exceeded 5% of the total gross carrying amount at December 31, 2023

(2)This information is omitted, as it would be impracticable to compile such information on a site-by-site basis

(3)Includes sites under construction

The following table summarizes activity for the Company’s real estate assets, which consists of advertising displays and the related accumulated depreciation.

	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Gross real estate assets:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	3,745,006	$	3,439,618	$	3,293,778
Capital expenditures on new advertising displays(4)	80,241		85,972		45,427
Capital expenditures on improvements/redevelopments of new/existing advertising displays	26,127		23,850		21,287
Capital expenditures other recurring(5)	42,703		141,030		88,697
Land acquisitions(6)	24,064		31,061		17,151
Acquisition of advertising displays(7)	9,285		64,223		17,662
Assets sold or written-off	(44,442)		(39,149)		(44,466)
Foreign exchange	572		(1,599)		82
Balance at the end of the year	$	3,883,556	$	3,745,006	$	3,439,618
Accumulated depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	2,440,956	$	2,287,590	$	2,192,700
Depreciation	124,072		185,820		126,805
Assets sold or written-off	(35,791)		(31,514)		(31,971)
Foreign exchange	323		(940)		56
Balance at the end of the year	$	2,529,560	$	2,440,956	$	2,287,590

(4)Includes non-cash amounts of $1,138, $2,367 and $1,541 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively

(5)Includes non-cash amounts of $1,186, $103,019 and $48,848 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to the revision in cost estimate included in the calculation of asset retirement obligations

(6)Includes preliminary allocation of assets acquired during 2022 and 2021

(7)Includes non-cash amounts of $3,052, $11,132 and $3,843 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively

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Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting	82
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm — Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (KPMG LLP, Baton Rouge, LA, Audit Firm ID: 185)	83
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm — Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements (KPMG LLP, Baton Rouge, LA, Audit Firm ID: 185)	84
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022	86
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December  31, 2023, 2022 and 2021	87
Consolidated Statements of Stockholder’s Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021	88
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021	89
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	90
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021	101
Schedule III — Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021	102

81

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of Lamar Media Corp. is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act.

Lamar Media Corp.’s management assessed the effectiveness of Lamar Media Corp.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, Lamar Media Corp.’s management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, Lamar Media Corp.’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria. The effectiveness of Lamar Media Corp.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included in Item 8 to this Annual Report.

82

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholder and Board of Directors

Lamar Media Corp.:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Lamar Media Corp. and subsidiaries' (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholder’s equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedules II to III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements), and our report dated February 23, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

KPMG LLP

Baton Rouge, Louisiana

February 23, 2024

83

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholder and Board of Directors

Lamar Media Corp.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Lamar Media Corp. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholder’s equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedules II to III (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 23, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Assessment of the accounting lease term for the portfolio of billboard land leases

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, which refers to Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Advertising Company, a lessee determines the lease term at the commencement date by identifying the non-cancellable period of the lease and then adding any periods for which it is reasonably certain to exercise a renewal option (or not to exercise a termination option). The Company has approximately 72,350 billboard land leases for which they determined the lease term using a portfolio approach, in accordance with which the negotiated stated initial lease term for each billboard land lease was concluded to be the lease term under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 842, Leases (ASC 842).

We identified the assessment of the lease term for the portfolio of billboard land leases, which affects the discount rate for the lease as well as the measurement of the lease liability and right of use asset, as a critical audit matter. In the Company’s billboard land leases, the Company typically has both unilateral renewal and termination options. Determining the lease term involved a high degree of subjectivity as to whether the lease term should or should not include renewal periods (including periods after an optional termination date), the evaluation of which required subjective auditor judgment.

84

The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s billboard land lease process, including controls over the qualifications and experience of individuals negotiating the stated initial lease term, reconciliation of inputs into the system, approval of billboard land lease contracts, and annual evaluation of the renewals and terminations exercised by the Company during the year. We evaluated the competence, capabilities, and objectivity of the Company’s real estate team that negotiates the lease terms and conditions, and whether the team considers economic factors that are consistent with those enumerated in ASC 842 when negotiating the stated initial lease term and associated renewal and termination options. We inspected the Company’s assessment and conclusion about using the portfolio approach for its billboard land leases. We tested a sample of the Company’s billboard land lease population and obtained underlying documentation to evaluate whether the leases entered into are similar in terms of the lease agreement creation process, purpose for the lease (i.e. to host a Company billboard), and lease term considerations. We assessed the impact of billboard land leases with early terminations and renewals beyond the stated initial term to evaluate the Company’s assertion that use of the stated initial lease term as the lease term for its billboard land leases on a portfolio basis was appropriate.

/s/ KPMG LLP

KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1992.

Baton Rouge, Louisiana

February 23, 2024

85

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

December 31, 2023 and 2022

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	2023		2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	44,105	$	52,119
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $12,477 and $11,418 as of 2023 and 2022, respectively	301,189		285,039
Other current assets	27,392		26,894
Total current assets	372,686		364,052
Property, plant and equipment	4,274,831		4,109,146
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,708,361)		(2,609,447)
Net property, plant and equipment	1,566,470		1,499,699
Operating lease right of use assets	1,315,433		1,271,631
Financing lease right of use assets	11,184		14,037
Goodwill (note 3)	2,025,119		2,025,117
Intangible assets, net (note 3)	1,170,967		1,206,158
Other assets	85,021		77,778
Total assets	$	6,546,880	$	6,458,472
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	18,238	$	19,643
Current maturities of long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $380 and $593 in 2023 and 2022, respectively (note 5)	250,018		249,785
Current operating lease liabilities	210,568		205,838
Current financing lease liabilities	1,331		1,331
Accrued expenses (note 4)	97,464		108,724
Deferred income	126,547		131,847
Total current liabilities	704,166		717,168
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $28,865 and $32,022 in 2023 and 2022, respectively (note 5)	3,091,109		3,063,020
Operating lease liabilities	1,075,285		1,035,655
Financing lease liabilities	14,614		15,945
Deferred income tax liabilities	12,047		9,651
Asset retirement obligation	397,991		390,442
Other liabilities	41,891		39,090
Total liabilities	5,337,103		5,270,971
Stockholder’s equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 3,000 shares; 100 shares issued and outstanding at 2023 and 2022	—		—
Additional paid-in-capital	3,173,789		3,132,178
Accumulated comprehensive loss	(428)		(659)
Accumulated deficit	(1,963,998)		(1,944,018)
Non-controlling interest	414		—
Stockholder’s equity	1,209,777		1,187,501
Total liabilities and stockholder’s equity	$	6,546,880	$	6,458,472

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

86

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

	2023		2022		2021
Statements of Income
Net revenues	$	2,110,987	$	2,032,140	$	1,787,401
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	696,799		667,288		576,507
General and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	344,780		350,623		326,636
Corporate expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	105,528		101,998		93,074
Depreciation and amortization	293,423		349,449		271,294
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)		(15,721)		(2,115)
	1,435,056		1,453,637		1,265,396
Operating income	675,931		578,503		522,005
Other expense (income):
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		—		21,604
Interest income	(2,115)		(1,293)		(763)
Interest expense	174,512		127,510		106,384
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)		(4,315)		(3,384)
	168,816		121,902		123,841
Income before income tax expense	507,115		456,601		398,164
Income tax expense	9,782		17,452		9,256
Net income	497,333		439,149		388,908
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073		—		—
Net income attributable to controlling interest	$	496,260	$	439,149	$	388,908
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income	$	497,333	$	439,149	$	388,908
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	231		(1,514)		(79)
Comprehensive income	497,564		437,635		388,829
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073		—		—
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$	496,491	$	437,635	$	388,829

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

87

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholder’s Equity

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Non-controlling Interest	Total
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	—	3,034,357	934	(1,842,447)	—	1,192,844
Contribution from parent	—		37,548	—	—	—	37,548
Foreign currency translations	—		—	(79)	—	—	(79)
Net income	—		—	—	388,908	—	388,908
Dividend to parent	—		—	—	(410,875)	—	(410,875)
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	—	3,071,905	855	(1,864,414)	—	1,208,346
Contribution from parent	—		60,273	—	—	—	60,273
Foreign currency translations	—		—	(1,514)	—	—	(1,514)
Net income	—		—	—	439,149	—	439,149
Dividend to parent	—		—	—	(518,753)	—	(518,753)
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	—	3,132,178	(659)	(1,944,018)	—	1,187,501
Contribution from parent	—		42,627	—	—	—	42,627
Reallocation of capital	—		(1,016)	—	—	397	(619)
Foreign currency translations	—		—	231	—	—	231
Net income	—		—	—	496,260	1,073	497,333
Dividend to parent	—		—	—	(516,240)	(1,056)	(517,296)
Balance, December 31, 2023	$	—	3,173,789	(428)	(1,963,998)	414	1,209,777

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

88

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

	2023		2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	497,333	$	439,149	$	388,908
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	293,423		349,449		271,294
Non-cash compensation	22,649		23,136		37,368
Amortization included in interest expense	6,538		6,158		5,877
Gain on disposition of assets and investments	(5,474)		(15,721)		(2,115)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		—		21,604
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)		(4,315)		(3,384)
Deferred income tax expense	2,384		3,212		1,574
Provision for doubtful accounts	12,737		9,013		4,527
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in:
Receivables	(28,744)		(22,511)		(24,684)
Prepaid expenses	1,087		(906)		(5,493)
Other assets	(3,363)		2,711		5,030
(Decrease) increase in:
Trade accounts payable	(307)		1,176		1,308
Accrued expenses	(1,708)		(10,773)		9,553
Operating lease liabilities	2,490		7,198		3,819
Other liabilities	(39,154)		(47,110)		360
Cash flows provided by operating activities	756,310		739,866		715,546
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(178,271)		(167,078)		(126,090)
Acquisitions	(138,961)		(479,766)		(312,257)
Payment for investments in equity securities	—		—		(30,000)
Decrease in notes receivable	62		12,124		107
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	7,051		15,649		6,480
Cash flows used in investing activities	(310,119)		(619,071)		(461,760)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	403,000		445,000		200,000
Payments on revolving credit facility	(378,000)		(575,000)		(25,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	(381)		(365)		(378)
Principal payments on financing leases	(1,331)		(1,331)		(1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans	—		350,000		—
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	114,900		265,000		180,000
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program	(114,900)		(190,000)		(127,500)
Debt issuance costs	(2,951)		(1,583)		(8,823)
Proceeds received from note offering	—		—		550,000
Redemption of senior notes and senior subordinated notes	—		—		(668,688)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(1,056)		(814)		(601)
Dividends to parent	(516,240)		(518,753)		(410,875)
Contributions from parent	42,627		60,273		37,548
Cash flows used in financing activities	(454,332)		(167,573)		(275,648)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	127		(391)		81
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(8,014)		(47,169)		(21,781)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	52,119		99,288		121,069
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	44,105	$	52,119	$	99,288
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	168,011	$	120,000	$	112,080
Cash paid for state and federal income taxes	$	11,432	$	16,325	$	8,388

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

89

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(1)Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies

(a)Nature of Business

Lamar Media Corp. (“Lamar Media”) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lamar Advertising Company. Lamar Media is engaged in the outdoor advertising business operating approximately 160,400 outdoor advertising displays in 45 states and Canada. Lamar Media’s operating strategy is to be the leading provider of outdoor advertising services in the markets it serves.

In addition, Lamar Media operates a logo sign business in 23 states throughout the United States as well as the province of Ontario, Canada. Logo signs are erected pursuant to state-awarded service contracts on public rights-of-way near highway exits and deliver brand name information on available gas, food, lodging and camping services. Included in the Company’s logo sign business are tourism signing contracts. The Company provides transit advertising in airport terminals, on bus shelters, benches and buses in the markets it serves.

On July 1, 2022, Lamar Media entered into the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement (the "Partnership Agreement") of Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership (the "OP") as the initial limited partner, along with its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Advertising General Partner, LLC, as the general partner of the OP (the "General Partner"). Lamar Media formed the OP and contributed all of its assets to the OP in connection with the Company's reorganization (the "Reorganization") as a specific type of REIT known as an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust ("UPREIT"). The Company completed the Reorganization to facilitate tax-deferred contributions of properties to the OP in exchange for limited partnership interests in the OP. The Reorganization did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Certain footnotes are not provided for the accompanying financial statements as the information in notes 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 and portions of note 1 to the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Advertising Company included elsewhere in this filing are substantially equivalent to that required for the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Media Corp. Earnings per share data is not provided for the operating results of Lamar Media Corp. as it is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lamar Advertising Company.

(b)Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Lamar Media, its subsidiary, Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership, and Lamar Advertising Limited Partnerships' wholly owned subsidiaries, The Lamar Company, L.L.C., Lamar Central Outdoor, LLC, Lamar TRS Holdings, LLC, Lamar Advertising Southwest, Inc., Interstate Logos, L.L.C., Lamar Obie Company, LLC, Lamar Canadian Outdoor Company, Lamar Advertising of Puerto Rico, Inc., Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC, Fairway Media Group, LCC, Ashby Street Outdoor Holdings, LLC and their majority-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

(2)Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities

There were no significant non-cash investing activities or significant non-cash financing activities during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

90

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(3)Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Estimated Life (Years)	2023				2022
		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Amortizable Intangible Assets:
Customer lists and contracts	7—10	$	731,156	$	640,635	$	720,051	$	614,840
Non-competition agreement	3—15	71,960		66,455		71,599		65,647
Site locations	15	2,955,324		1,891,078		2,864,854		1,781,164
Other	2—15	52,033		41,338		51,619		40,314
		$	3,810,473	$	2,639,506	$	3,708,123	$	2,501,965
Unamortizable Intangible Assets:
Goodwill		$	2,277,786	$	252,667	$	2,277,784	$	252,667

The changes in the gross carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	2,178,941
Goodwill acquired during the year	99,003
Purchase price adjustments and other	(160)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	2,277,784
Purchase price adjustments and other	2
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	2,277,786

(4)Accrued Expenses

The following is a summary of accrued expenses at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	2023		2022
Payroll	$	21,903	$	24,601
Interest	23,322		23,360
Accrued variable lease and contract expense	30,375		28,117
Non-cash compensation	7,936		12,216
Other	13,928		20,430
	$	97,464	$	108,724

91

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(5)Long-term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	December 31, 2023
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	1,019,222	$	8,266	$	1,010,956
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		380		249,620
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		4,923		595,077
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,226		543,774
4% Senior Notes	549,516		5,675		543,841
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		3,775		396,225
Other notes with various rates and terms	1,634		—		1,634
	3,370,372		29,245		3,341,127
Less current maturities	(250,398)		(380)		(250,018)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,119,974	$	28,865	$	3,091,109
	December 31, 2022
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	993,970	$	8,171	$	985,799
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		593		249,407
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		6,000		594,000
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,982		543,018
4% Senior Notes	549,437		6,459		542,978
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		4,410		395,590
Other notes with various rates and terms	2,013		—		2,013
	3,345,420		32,615		3,312,805
Less current maturities	(250,378)		(593)		(249,785)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,095,042	$	32,022	$	3,063,020

Long-term debt contractual maturities are as follows:

	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
2024	$	399	$	—	$	399
2025	$	600,420	$	964	$	599,456
2026	$	442	$	—	$	442
2027	$	599,568	$	3,601	$	595,967
2028	$	670,000	$	9,004	$	660,996
Later years	$	1,499,543	$	15,676	$	1,483,867

92

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

(6)Related Party Transactions

Affiliates, as used within these statements, are persons or entities that are affiliated with Lamar Media Corp. or its subsidiaries through common ownership and directorate control.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was a payable to Lamar Advertising Company, its parent, in the amount of $1,009 and $1,871, respectively.

Effective December 31, 2023 and 2022, Lamar Advertising Company contributed $42,627 and $60,273, respectively, to Lamar Media which resulted in an increase in Lamar Media’s additional paid-in capital.

(7)    Summarized Financial Information of Subsidiaries

Separate condensed consolidating financial information for Lamar Media, subsidiary guarantors and non-guarantor subsidiaries are presented below. Lamar Media and its subsidiary guarantors have fully and unconditionally guaranteed Lamar Media’s obligations with respect to its publicly issued notes. All guarantees are joint and several. As a result of these guarantee arrangements, we are required to present the following condensed consolidating financial information. The following condensed consolidating financial information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes. The condensed consolidating financial information is provided as an alternative to providing separate financial statements for guarantor subsidiaries. Separate financial statements of Lamar Media’s subsidiary guarantors are not included because the guarantees are full and unconditional and the subsidiary guarantors are 100% owned and jointly and severally liable for Lamar Media’s outstanding publicly issued notes. The accounts for all companies reflected herein are presented using the equity method of accounting for investments in subsidiaries.

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
ASSETS
Total current assets	$	33,875	$	28,905	$	309,906	$	—	$	372,686
Net property, plant and equipment	—		1,548,946		17,524		—		1,566,470
Operating lease right of use assets	—		1,281,503		33,930		—		1,315,433
Intangibles and goodwill, net	—		3,179,107		16,979		—		3,196,086
Other assets	4,596,516		349,680		249,662		(5,099,653)		96,205
Total assets	$	4,630,391	$	6,388,141	$	628,001	$	(5,099,653)	$	6,546,880
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	—	$	398	$	249,620	$	—	$	250,018
Current operating lease liabilities	—		202,992		7,576		—		210,568
Other current liabilities	45,225		184,018		14,337		—		243,580
Total current liabilities	45,225		387,408		271,533		—		704,166
Long-term debt	3,089,874		1,235		—		—		3,091,109
Operating lease liabilities	—		1,050,330		24,955		—		1,075,285
Other noncurrent liabilities	285,929		424,532		343,253		(587,171)		466,543
Total liabilities	3,421,028		1,863,505		639,741		(587,171)		5,337,103
Stockholder's equity	1,209,363		4,524,636		(11,740)		(4,512,482)		1,209,777
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity	$	4,630,391	$	6,388,141	$	628,001	$	(5,099,653)	$	6,546,880

93

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
ASSETS
Total current assets	$	39,829	$	36,667	$	287,556	$	—	$	364,052
Net property, plant and equipment	—		1,483,395		16,304		—		1,499,699
Operating lease right of use assets	—		1,252,414		19,217		—		1,271,631
Intangibles and goodwill, net	—		3,214,284		16,991		—		3,231,275
Other assets	4,514,221		325,052		250,056		(4,997,514)		91,815
Total assets	$	4,554,050	$	6,311,812	$	590,124	$	(4,997,514)	$	6,458,472
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	—	$	378	$	249,407	$	—	$	249,785
Current operating lease liabilities	—		198,320		7,518		—		205,838
Other current liabilities	23,360		222,871		15,314		—		261,545
Total current liabilities	23,360		421,569		272,239		—		717,168
Long-term debt	3,061,385		1,635		—		—		3,063,020
Operating lease liabilities	—		1,025,385		10,270		—		1,035,655
Other noncurrent liabilities	281,804		418,163		301,957		(546,796)		455,128
Total liabilities	3,366,549		1,866,752		584,466		(546,796)		5,270,971
Stockholder's equity	1,187,501		4,445,060		5,658		(4,450,718)		1,187,501
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity	$	4,554,050	$	6,311,812	$	590,124	$	(4,997,514)	$	6,458,472

94

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

for the Year Ended December 31, 2023

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Statement of Income
Net revenues	$	—	$	2,069,600	$	44,068	$	(2,681)	$	2,110,987
Operating expenses (income)
Direct advertising expenses(1)	—		667,962		31,518		(2,681)		696,799
General and administrative expenses(1)	—		336,623		8,157		—		344,780
Corporate expenses(1)	—		104,023		1,505		—		105,528
Depreciation and amortization	—		289,257		4,166		—		293,423
Gain on disposition of assets	—		(5,476)		2		—		(5,474)
	—		1,392,389		45,348		(2,681)		1,435,056
Operating income (loss)	—		677,211		(1,280)		—		675,931
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		—		—		—		115
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	(655,864)		—		—		655,864		—
Interest expense (income), net	159,489		(1,934)		14,842		—		172,397
Equity in earnings of investee	—		(3,696)		—		—		(3,696)
Income (loss) before income tax expense	496,260		682,841		(16,122)		(655,864)		507,115
Income tax expense(2)	—		9,511		271		—		9,782
Net income (loss)	496,260		673,330		(16,393)		(655,864)		497,333
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	—		387		686		—		1,073
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest	$	496,260	$	672,943	$	(17,079)	$	(655,864)	$	496,260
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	$	496,260	$	673,330	$	(16,393)	$	(655,864)	$	497,333
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		231		—		231
Total comprehensive income (loss)	496,260		673,330		(16,162)		(655,864)		497,564
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	—		387		686		—		1,073
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to controlling interest	$	496,260	$	672,943	$	(16,848)	$	(655,864)	$	496,491

(1)Caption is exclusive of depreciation and amortization.

(2)The income tax expense reflected in each column does not include any tax effect of the equity in earnings from subsidiaries.

95

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

for the Year Ended December 31, 2022

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Statement of Income
Net revenues	$	—	$	1,992,900	$	41,789	$	(2,549)	$	2,032,140
Operating expenses (income)
Direct advertising expenses(1)	—		639,948		29,889		(2,549)		667,288
General and administrative expenses(1)	—		343,188		7,435		—		350,623
Corporate expenses(1)	—		99,392		2,606		—		101,998
Depreciation and amortization	—		345,857		3,592		—		349,449
Gain on disposition of assets	—		(3,235)		(12,486)		—		(15,721)
	—		1,425,150		31,036		(2,549)		1,453,637
Operating income	—		567,750		10,753		—		578,503
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	(561,545)		—		—		561,545		—
Interest expense (income), net	122,396		(531)		4,352		—		126,217
Equity in earnings of investee	—		(4,315)		—		—		(4,315)
Income (loss) before income tax expense	439,149		572,596		6,401		(561,545)		456,601
Income tax expense(2)	—		10,970		6,482		—		17,452
Net income (loss)	$	439,149	$	561,626	$	(81)	$	(561,545)	$	439,149
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	$	439,149	$	561,626	$	(81)	$	(561,545)	$	439,149
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		(1,514)		—		(1,514)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	439,149	$	561,626	$	(1,595)	$	(561,545)	$	437,635

(1)Caption is exclusive of depreciation and amortization.

(2)The income tax expense reflected in each column does not include any tax effect of the equity in earnings from subsidiaries.

96

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

for the Year Ended December 31, 2021

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Statement of Income
Net revenues	$	—	$	1,752,106	$	37,055	$	(1,760)	$	1,787,401
Operating expenses (income)
Direct advertising expenses(1)	—		552,953		25,314		(1,760)		576,507
General and administrative expenses(1)	—		322,278		4,358		—		326,636
Corporate expenses(1)	—		91,479		1,595		—		93,074
Depreciation and amortization	—		267,141		4,153		—		271,294
Gain on disposition of assets	—		(1,965)		(150)		—		(2,115)
	—		1,231,886		35,270		(1,760)		1,265,396
Operating income	—		520,220		1,785		—		522,005
Loss on extinguishment of debt	21,604		—		—		—		21,604
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	(515,288)		—		—		515,288		—
Interest expense (income), net	104,776		(44)		889		—		105,621
Equity in earnings of investee	—		(3,384)		—		—		(3,384)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)	388,908		523,648		896		(515,288)		398,164
Income tax expense (benefit)(2)	—		9,556		(300)		—		9,256
Net income (loss)	$	388,908	$	514,092	$	1,196	$	(515,288)	$	388,908
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	$	388,908	$	514,092	$	1,196	$	(515,288)	$	388,908
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		(79)		—		(79)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	388,908	$	514,092	$	1,117	$	(515,288)	$	388,829

(1)Caption is exclusive of depreciation and amortization.

(2)The income tax expense (benefit) reflected in each column does not include any tax effect of the equity in earnings from subsidiaries.

97

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2023

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	600,132	$	924,435	$	(34,965)	$	(733,292)	$	756,310
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	—		(173,253)		(5,018)		—		(178,271)
Acquisitions	—		(138,961)		—		—		(138,961)
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	—		7,051		—		—		7,051
Investment in subsidiaries	(138,961)		—		—		138,961		—
(Increase) decrease in intercompany notes receivable	(15,589)		—		—		15,589		—
Decrease in notes receivable	—		62		—		—		62
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(154,550)		(305,101)		(5,018)		154,550		(310,119)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	403,000		—		—		—		403,000
Payment on revolving credit facility	(378,000)		—		—		—		(378,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	—		(381)		—		—		(381)
Principal payments on financing leases	—		(1,331)		—		—		(1,331)
Payment on accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		(114,900)		—		(114,900)
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		114,900		—		114,900
Debt issuance costs	(2,926)		—		(25)		—		(2,951)
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	—		(23,416)		39,005		(15,589)		—
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		(440)		(616)		—		(1,056)
Dividends (to) from parent	(516,240)		(733,292)		—		733,292		(516,240)
Contributions from (to) parent	42,627		138,961		—		(138,961)		42,627
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(451,539)		(619,899)		38,364		578,742		(454,332)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	—		—		127		—		127
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(5,957)		(565)		(1,492)		—		(8,014)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	39,729		1,285		11,105		—		52,119
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	33,772	$	720	$	9,613	$	—	$	44,105

98

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2022

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	586,773	$	875,208	$	(20,112)	$	(702,003)	$	739,866
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	—		(162,515)		(4,563)		—		(167,078)
Acquisitions	—		(479,766)		—		—		(479,766)
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	—		3,358		12,291		—		15,649
Investment in subsidiaries	(479,766)		—		—		479,766		—
Decrease (increase) in intercompany notes receivable	81,526		—		—		(81,526)		—
Decrease in notes receivable	—		58		12,066		—		12,124
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(398,240)		(638,865)		19,794		398,240		(619,071)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	445,000		—		—		—		445,000
Payment on revolving credit facility	(575,000)		—		—		—		(575,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	—		(365)		—		—		(365)
Principal payments on financing leases	—		(1,331)		—		—		(1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans	350,000		—		—		—		350,000
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		265,000		—		265,000
Payment on accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		(190,000)		—		(190,000)
Debt issuance costs	(1,347)		—		(236)		—		(1,583)
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	—		(14,619)		(66,907)		81,526		—
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		—		(814)		—		(814)
Dividends (to) from parent	(518,753)		(702,003)		—		702,003		(518,753)
Contributions from (to) parent	60,273		479,766		—		(479,766)		60,273
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(239,827)		(238,552)		7,043		303,763		(167,573)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	—		—		(391)		—		(391)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(51,294)		(2,209)		6,334		—		(47,169)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	91,023		3,494		4,771		—		99,288
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	39,729	$	1,285	$	11,105	$	—	$	52,119

99

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2021

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	596,116	$	849,072	$	(21,301)	$	(708,341)	$	715,546
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions	—		(312,257)		—		—		(312,257)
Capital expenditures	—		(119,728)		(6,362)		—		(126,090)
Payment for investments in equity securities	—		(30,000)		—		—		(30,000)
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	—		6,480		—		—		6,480
Investment in subsidiaries	(342,257)		—		—		342,257		—
Decrease (increase) in intercompany notes receivable	51,976		—		—		(51,976)		—
Decrease in notes receivable	—		107		—		—		107
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(290,281)		(455,398)		(6,362)		290,281		(461,760)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	200,000		—		—		—		200,000
Payment on revolving credit facility	(25,000)		—		—		—		(25,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	—		(378)		—		—		(378)
Principal payments on financing leases	—		(1,331)		—		—		(1,331)
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		180,000		—		180,000
Payment on accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		(127,500)		—		(127,500)
Debt issuance costs	(8,385)		—		(438)		—		(8,823)
Proceeds received from note offering	550,000		—		—		—		550,000
Redemption of senior notes and senior subordinated notes	(668,688)		—		—		—		(668,688)
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	—		(24,119)		(27,857)		51,976		—
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		—		(601)		—		(601)
Contributions from (to) parent	37,548		342,257		—		(342,257)		37,548
Dividends (to) from parent	(410,875)		(708,341)		—		708,341		(410,875)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(325,400)		(391,912)		23,604		418,060		(275,648)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	—		—		81		—		81
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(19,565)		1,762		(3,978)		—		(21,781)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of  period	110,588		1,732		8,749		—		121,069
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	91,023	$	3,494	$	4,771	$	—	$	99,288

100

SCHEDULE II

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Costs and Expenses	Deductions	Balance at End of Period
Year ended December 31, 2023
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	11,418	12,737	11,678	$	12,477
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	4,435	898	—	$	5,333
Year ended December 31, 2022
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	11,195	9,013	8,790	$	11,418
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	19,433	—	14,998	$	4,435
Year ended December 31, 2021
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	14,946	4,527	8,278	$	11,195
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	20,997	—	1,564	$	19,433

101

SCHEDULE III

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

Description(1)	Encumbrances	Initial Cost(2)	Gross Carrying Amount(3)		Accumulated Depreciation		Construction Date	Acquisition Date	Useful Lives
363,496 Displays	—	—	$	3,883,556	$	(2,529,560)	Various	Various	5 to 20 years

(1)No single asset exceeded 5% of the total gross carrying amount at December 31, 2023

(2)This information is omitted, as it would be impracticable to compile such information on a site-by-site basis

(3)Includes sites under construction

The following table summarizes activity for the Company’s real estate assets, which consists of advertising displays and the related accumulated depreciation.

	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Gross real estate assets:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	3,745,006	$	3,439,618	$	3,293,778
Capital expenditures on new advertising displays(4)	80,241		85,972		45,427
Capital expenditures on improvements/redevelopments of new/existing advertising displays	26,127		23,850		21,287
Capital expenditures other recurring(5)	42,703		141,030		88,697
Land acquisitions(6)	24,064		31,061		17,151
Acquisition of advertising displays(7)	9,285		64,223		17,662
Assets sold or written-off	(44,442)		(39,149)		(44,466)
Foreign exchange	572		(1,599)		82
Balance at the end of the year	$	3,883,556	$	3,745,006	$	3,439,618
Accumulated depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	2,440,956	$	2,287,590	$	2,192,700
Depreciation	124,072		185,820		126,805
Assets sold or written-off	(35,791)		(31,514)		(31,971)
Foreign exchange	323		(940)		56
Balance at the end of the year	$	2,529,560	$	2,440,956	$	2,287,590

(4)Includes non-cash amounts of $1,138, $2,367 and $1,541 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively

(5)Includes non-cash amounts of $1,186, $103,019 and $48,848 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to the revision in cost estimate included in the calculation of asset retirement obligations

(6)Includes preliminary allocation of assets acquired during 2022 and 2021

(7)Includes non-cash amounts of $3,052, $11,132 and $3,843 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively

102

ITEM 9.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

Lamar Advertising Company

None.

Lamar Media Corp.

None.

ITEM 9A.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

The Company’s and Lamar Media’s management, with the participation of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the Company and Lamar Media, have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s and Lamar Media’s disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on this evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the Company and Lamar Media concluded, as of December 31, 2023, that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective and designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in the Company’s and Lamar Media’s reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the requisite time periods.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Lamar Advertising Company

The Company’s Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is set forth on page 45 of this combined Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Lamar Media Corp.

Lamar Media’s Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting is set forth on page 82 of this combined Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s or Lamar Media’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation of the Company’s and Lamar Media’s internal controls performed during the fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s or Lamar Media’s internal control over financial reporting.

103

ITEM 9B.    OTHER INFORMATION

Lamar Advertising Company

None.

Lamar Media Corp.

None.

ITEM 9C.    DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Lamar Advertising Company

Not applicable.

Lamar Media Corp.

Not applicable.

104

PART III

ITEM 10.    DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Lamar Advertising Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “code of ethics”) that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees. The code of ethics is filed as an exhibit that is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report. In addition, if we make any substantive amendments to the code of ethics or grant any wavier, including any implicit wavier, from a provision of the code to any of our executive officers or directors, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver in a report on Form 8-K.

ITEM 11.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Lamar Advertising Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

ITEM 12.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Lamar Advertising Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

ITEM 13.    CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Lamar Advertising Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

ITEM 14.    PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to Lamar Advertising Company’s Proxy Statement for its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

105

PART IV

ITEM 15.    EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(A) 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The financial statements are listed under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

2. FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

The financial statement schedules are included under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

3. EXHIBITS

The exhibits filed as part of this report are listed on the Exhibit Index immediately preceding the signature page hereto, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.

(B) Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are listed on the Exhibit Index immediately preceding the signature page hereto.

ITEM 16.    FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

106

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
2(a)	Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between Lamar Advertising Company (the “Company”) and Lamar Advertising REIT Company dated August 27, 2014.	Previously filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on September 2, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
3(a)	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as filed with the Secretary of the State of Delaware effective as of November 18, 2014.	Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 19, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
3(b)	Certificate of Merger, effective as of November 18, 2014.	Previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 19, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
3(c)	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, adopted as of November 18, 2014.	Previously filed as Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 19, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
3(d)	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Lamar Media.	Previously filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Lamar Media’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2007 (File No. 0-30242) filed on May 10, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
3(e)	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Lamar Media.	Previously filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Lamar Media’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 1999 (File No. 1-12407) filed on November 12, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(a)(1)	Specimen certificate for the shares of Class A common stock of the Company.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 19, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(a)(2)	Specimen certificate for the shares of Class B common stock of the Company.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 19, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(a)(3)	Description of Securities Registered Under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4(a)(3) to the Company’s Annual Reporting on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 20, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b)(1)	Indenture, dated as of October 30, 2012, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Lamar Media’s 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on October 31, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b)(2)	Form of 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated October 30, 2012, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on October 31, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b)(3)	Form of 5% Senior Subordinated Exchange Notes due 2023.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated October 30, 2012, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on October 31, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference.

107

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
4(b)(4)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of October 30, 2012, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of December 30, 2012, relating to Lamar Media’s 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4(h)(4) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 28, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b)(5)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of October 30, 2012, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of December 30, 2012, relating to Lamar Media’s 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4(h)(5) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 28, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b)(6)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of October 30, 2012, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of December 30, 2012, relating to Lamar Media’s 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4(h)(6) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 28, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b)(7)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of October 30, 2012, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of May 31, 2013, relating to Lamar Media’s 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2013 (File No. 0-30242) filed on August 8, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b)(8)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of October 30, 2012, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of January 2, 2014, relating to Lamar Media’s 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2014 (File No. 0-30242) filed on May 7, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b)(9)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of October 30, 2012, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of July 28, 2015, relating to Lamar Media’s 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2015 (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 5, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b)(10)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of October 30, 2012, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of December 14, 2017, relating to Lamar Media’s 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4(c)(10) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 27, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b)(11)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of October 30, 2012, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of December 14, 2017, relating to Lamar Media’s 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4(c)(11) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 27, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b)(12)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of October 30, 2012, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of January 22, 2019, relating to Lamar Media’s 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 2, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.

108

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
4(b)(13)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of October 30, 2012, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of January 22, 2019, relating to Lamar Media’s 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 2, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
4(b)(14)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of October 30, 2012, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of August 15, 2019, relating to Lamar Media’s 5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2023.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 5, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
4(c)(1)	Indenture, dated as of January 10, 2014, between Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/8% Senior Notes due 2024.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on January 15, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(c)(2)	Form of 5 3/8% Senior Notes due 2024.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated January 10, 2014, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on January 15, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(c)(3)	Form of 5 3/8% Senior Exchange Notes due 2024.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated January 10, 2014, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on January 15, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(c)(4)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 10, 2014, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of July 28, 2015, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/8% Senior Notes due 2024.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2015 (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 5, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(c)(5)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 10, 2014, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of December 14, 2017, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/8% Senior Notes due 2024.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4(d)(5) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 27, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(c)(6)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 10, 2014, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of December 14, 2017, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/8% Senior Notes due 2024.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4(d)(6) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 27, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(c)(7)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 10, 2014, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of January 22, 2019, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/8% Senior Notes due 2024.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 2, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
4(c)(8)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 10, 2014, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of January 22, 2019, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/8% Senior Notes due 2024.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 2, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.

109

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
4(c)(9)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 10, 2014, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of August 15, 2019, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/8% Senior Notes due 2024.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 5, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
4(d)(1)	Indenture, dated as of January 28, 2016, between Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 1, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(d)(2)	Form of 5 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated January 28, 2016, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 1, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(d)(3)	Form of 5 3/4% Senior Exchange Notes due 2026.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated January 28, 2016, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 1, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(d)(4)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 28, 2016, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of December 14, 2017, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4(e)(4) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 27, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(d)(5)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 28, 2016, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of December 14, 2017, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4(e)(5) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 27, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(d)(6)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 28, 2016, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of January 22, 2019, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 2, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
4(d)(7)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 28, 2016, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of January 22, 2019, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 2, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
4(d)(8)	Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 1, 2019, between Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Lamar Advertising’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 6, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(d)(9)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 28, 2016, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of August 15, 2019, relating to Lamar Media’s 5 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 5, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.

110

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
4(e)(1)	Indenture, dated as of February 6, 2020, between Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Lamar Media’s 3 3/4% Senior Notes due 2028.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Lamar Advertising’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(e)(2)	Form of 3 3/4% Senior Notes due 2028.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated February 6, 2020, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(e)(3)	Form of 3 3/4% Senior Exchange Notes due 2028.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated February 6, 2020, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(e)(4)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 26, 2022, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, dated as of February 6, 2020, relating to Lamar Media’s 3.750% Senior Notes due 2028.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Lamar Advertising’s Quarterly Report for the period ended March 31, 2022 filed on May 5, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(e)(5)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of June 3, 2022, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, dated as of February 6, 2020, relating to Lamar Media’s 3.750% Senior Notes due 2028.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Lamar Advertising’s Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 2022 filed on August 3, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(f)(1)	Indenture, dated as of February 6, 2020, between Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Lamar Media’s 4% Senior Notes due 2030.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Lamar Advertising’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(f)(2)	Form of 4% Senior Notes due 2030.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated February 6, 2020, filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(f)(3)	Form of 4% Senior Exchange Notes due 2030.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated February 6, 2020, filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(f)(4)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 26, 2022, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, dated as of February 6, 2020, relating to Lamar Media’s 4.000% Senior Notes due 2030.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Lamar Advertising’s Quarterly Report for the period ended March 31, 2022 filed on May 5, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(f)(5)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of June 3, 2022, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, dated as of February 6, 2020, relating to Lamar Media’s 4.000% Senior Notes due 2030.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Lamar Advertising’s Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 2022 filed on August 3, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(g)(1)	Indenture, dated as of May 13, 2020, between Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Lamar Media’s 4 7/8% Senior Notes due 2029.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Lamar Advertising’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 19, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.

111

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
4(g)(2)	Form of 4 7/8% Senior Notes due 2029.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated May 13, 2020, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 19, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(g)(3)	Form of 4 7/8% Senior Exchange Notes due 2029.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated May 13, 2020, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 19, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(g)(4)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 26, 2022, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, dated as of May 13, 2020, relating to Lamar Media’s 4.875% Senior Notes due 2029.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Lamar Advertising’s Quarterly Report for the period ended March 31, 2022 filed on May 5, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(g)(5)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of June 3, 2022, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, dated as of May 13, 2020, relating to Lamar Media’s 4.875% Senior Notes due 2029.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.4 to Lamar Advertising’s Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 2022 filed on August 3, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(h)(1)	Indenture, dated as of January 22, 2021, between Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, relating to Lamar Media’s 3.625% Senior Notes due 2031.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Lamar Advertising’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on January 28, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(h)(2)	Form of 3.625% Senior Notes due 2031.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated January 22, 2021, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on January 28, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(h)(3)	Form of 3.625% Senior Exchange Notes due 2031.	Previously filed with the Indenture dated January 22, 2021, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on January 28, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(h)(4)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of January 26, 2022, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, dated as of January 22, 2021, relating to Lamar Media’s 3.625%% Senior Notes due 2031.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Lamar Advertising’s Quarterly Report for the period ended March 31, 2022 filed on May 5, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(h)(5)	Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture dated as of June 3, 2022, among Lamar Media, the Guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, dated as of January 22, 2021, relating to Lamar Media’s 3.625%% Senior Notes due 2031.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Lamar Advertising’s Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 2022 filed on August 3, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
4(i)	Agreement of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance, dated as of June 14, 2021, by and among Lamar Media, as issuer, U.S. Bank National Association, as successor trustee, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as resigning trustee.	Previously filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Lamar Advertising’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on June 21, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(a)(1)*	Lamar Advertising Company 1996 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated by the Board of Directors on December 12, 2019.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(a)(1) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 20, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.

112

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
10(a)(2)*	Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 1996 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and restated.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(a)(2) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 20, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(a)(3)*	Form of Restricted Stock Agreement.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.16 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 (File No. 0-30242) filed on March 15, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(a)(4)*	Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Non-Employee directors.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on May 30, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(b)(1)*	2009 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017 (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 6, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(b)(2)*	Lamar Advertising Company 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Lamar Advertising’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on June 5, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(c)(1)*	Lamar Deferred Compensation Plan (as amended).	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on August 27, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(c)(2)*	Form of Trust Agreement for the Lamar Deferred Compensation Plan.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on December 14, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(c)(3)*	Amendment to the Lamar Deferred Compensation Plan dated December 13, 2013.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(d)(3) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 27, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(c)(1)*	Summary of Management Compensatory Arrangements, dated March 28, 2016.	Previously filed on the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on March 29, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(d)(2)*	Summary of Non-Management Director Compensatory Arrangements, dated May 26, 2016.	Previously filed on the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 31, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e)(1)	Receivables Financing Agreement, dated December  18, 2018, by and among Lamar Media, as initial Servicer, Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC and Lamar QRS	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on December 21, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e)(2)	Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated December 18, 2018, by and among certain subsidiaries of Lamar Media, Lamar Media, as initial Servicer, and Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC as Buyer.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on December 21, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e)(3)	Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated December 18, 2018, by and among certain subsidiaries of Lamar Media, Lamar Media, as initial Servicer, and Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC as Buyer.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on December 21, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.

113

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
10(e)(4)	Performance Guaranty of Lamar Media dated December 18, 2018 in favor of PNC Bank, National Association.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on December 21, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e)(5)	First Amendment to the Receivables Financing Agreement, dated as of February 6, 2020, by and among Lamar Media as initial Servicer, Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC and Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC as borrowers and PNC Bank, National Association as Administrative Agent and Lender.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e)(6)	First Amendment to the Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of February 6, 2020, by and among certain subsidiaries of Lamar Media, Lamar Media as initial Servicer, and Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC as Buyer.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e)(7)	First Amendment to the Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of February 6, 2020, by and among certain subsidiaries of Lamar Media, Lamar Media as initial Servicer, and Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC as Buyer.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e)(8)	Second Amendment to the Receivables Financing Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2020, by and among Lamar Media as Servicer, Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC and Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC as borrowers and PNC Bank, National Association as Administrative Agent and Lender.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2020 (File No. 1-36756) filed on August 6, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e)(9)	Second Amendment to the Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of May 6, 2020, by and among certain subsidiaries of Lamar Media. as originators, Lamar Media as Servicer, and Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC as Buyer, and consented to by PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2020 (File No. 1-36756) filed on August 6, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e)(10)	Third Amendment to the Receivables Financing Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2020, among Lamar Media, as Initial Servicer, Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC and Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC as borrowers, and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent and a Lender.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on July 6, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e)(11)	Fourth Amendment to the Receivables Financing Agreement, dated as of October 23, 2020, among Lamar Media, as Initial Servicer, Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC and Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC as borrowers, and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent and a Lender.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on October 26, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e)(12)	Fifth Amendment to the Receivables Financing Agreement, dated as of May 24, 2021, among Lamar Media, as Initial Servicer, Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC and Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC as borrowers, and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent and a Lender.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 28, 2021 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(e)(13)	Sixth Amendment to the Receivables Financing Agreement, dated as of June 24, 2022, among Lamar Media, as Initial Servicer, the SPEs, as Borrowers, and PNC Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent and a Lender. Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on June 30, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on June 30, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.

114

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
10(f)(1)	Credit Agreement dated as of April 28, 2010 by and among Lamar Media, Lamar Advertising of Puerto Rico, Inc., the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein, each additional Subsidiary Borrower that may be designated as such thereunder, the Lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on May 3, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(2)	Amendment No. 1, dated as of June 11, 2010, to the Credit Agreement dated as of April 28, 2010 by and among Lamar Media, Lamar Advertising of Puerto Rico, Inc., the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein, each additional Subsidiary Borrower that may be designated as such thereunder, the Lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(p)(2) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 25, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(3)	Amendment No. 2, dated as of November 18, 2010, to the Credit Agreement dated as of April 28, 2010 by and among Lamar Media, Lamar Advertising of Puerto Rico, Inc., the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein, each additional Subsidiary Borrower that may be designated as such thereunder, the Lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(p)(3) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 25, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(4)	Restatement Agreement, dated as of February 9, 2012, to the Credit Agreement dated as of April 28, 2010 by and among Lamar Media, Lamar Advertising of Puerto Rico, Inc., the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein, each additional Subsidiary Borrower that may be designated as such thereunder, the Lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (including the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement).	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 14, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(5)	Amendment No. 1, dated as of October 24, 2013, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of February 9, 2012 among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(f)(11) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 27, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(6)	Second Restatement Agreement, dated as of February 3, 2014, by and among Lamar Media, the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein, the Lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (including the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as Exhibit A thereto).	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 7, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(7)	Amendment No. 1, dated as of April 18, 2014, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of February 3, 2014, by and among Lamar Media, the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein, the Lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 0-30242) filed on April 22, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(8)	Incremental Amendment No. 1 dated January 7, 2016 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of February 3, 2014, as amended by and among Lamar Media, the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein, the Lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on January 13, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.

115

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
10(f)(9)	Amendment No. 2, dated as of March 4, 2016, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of February 3, 2014, as amended by and among Lamar Media, the Company, certain of Lamar Media’s subsidiaries as Guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as Administrative Agent and the Lenders party thereto.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on March 8, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(10)	Third Restatement Agreement, dated as of May 15, 2017, by and among Lamar Media, the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein, the Lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent (including the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement as Exhibit A thereto).	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 19, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(11)	Amendment No. 1 dated as of March  16, 2018 to the Third Restatement Agreement, by and among Lamar Media, the Company, the subsidiary guarantors named therein, the Lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (including the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as amended for Amendment No. 1, as Exhibit A thereto).	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on March 21, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(12)	Amendment No. 2 dated as of December  6, 2018 to the Third Restatement Agreement, by and among Lamar Media, the Company, the subsidiary guarantors named therein, the Lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (including the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as amended for Amendment No. 2, as Exhibit A thereto).	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on December 12, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(13)	Incremental Amendment No. 1, dated January 17, 2019, by and among Lamar Media, Lamar Advertising, the subsidiary guarantors named therein, the Lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Lamar Advertising’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on January 22, 2019 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(14)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of July 19, 2010, to the Credit Agreement dated as of April 28, 2010 among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by Arizona Logos, L.L.C.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(p)(4) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 27, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(15)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of April 21, 2011, to the Credit Agreement dated as of April 28, 2010 among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by Wisconsin Logos, LLC.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(p)(5) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 27, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(16)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of August 26, 2011, to the Credit Agreement dated as of April 28, 2010 among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by Montana Logos, LLC.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(p)(6) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 27, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(17)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of November 14, 2012, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of February 9, 2012 among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by NextMedia Outdoor, Inc.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(f)(9) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 28, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.

116

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
10(f)(18)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of November 14, 2012, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of February 9, 2012 among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by NextMedia Outdoor, Inc.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(f)(9) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 28, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(19)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of November 14, 2012, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of February 9, 2012 among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by NMG Outdoor I Corp.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(f)(10) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 28, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(20)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2013, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of February 9, 2012 among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by Lamar TRS Holdings, LLC.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(f)(12) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 27, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(21)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2013, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of February 9, 2012 among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by Lamar Service Company, LLC.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(f)(13) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 27, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(22)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2013, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of February 9, 2012 among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by Lamar Investments, LLC.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(f)(14) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 27, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(23)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of December 5, 2013, to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of February 9, 2012 among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by Lamar Transit, LLC.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(f)(15) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (File No. 0-30242) filed on February 27, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(24)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2015, to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of February 3, 2014, as amended, among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by Lamar Alliance Airport Advertising Company.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10(f)(20) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 24, 2017 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(25)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of January 30, 2018, to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 15, 2017, as amended, among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by Interstate Logos TRS, LLC.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2018 (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 5, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference.

117

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
10(f)(26)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of January 15, 2019, to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 15, 2017, as amended, among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by FMG Outdoor Holdings, LLC, Lamar-Fairway Blocker 1, Inc., Lamar-Fairway Blocker 2, Inc., Magic Media, Inc., Fairway Media Group, LLC, Fairway Outdoor Advertising, LLC, Fairway Outdoor Funding Holdings, LLC, Fairway Outdoor Funding, LLC, MCC Outdoor, LLC, Magic Media Real Estate, LLC, FMO Real Estate, LLC, Douglas Outdoor Advertising of GA., Inc., Olympus Media/Indiana, LLC and Fairway CCO Indiana, LLC.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 2, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(27)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of January 15, 2019, to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 15, 2017, as amended, among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by New Hampshire Logos, L.L.C.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 2, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(28)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of August 15, 2019, to the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 15, 2017, as amended, among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by Ashby Street Outdoor Holdings LLC,  Ashby Street Outdoor CC, LLC and Ashby Street Outdoor LLC.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 5, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(29)	Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of February 6, 2020, by and among Lamar Media, the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein, the Lenders named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 12, 2020 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(30)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2022, to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of dated as of February 6, 2020 (as amended by that certain Amendment No. 1, dated as of July 2, 2021, and as further amended), among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by Sky High Murals-Colossal Media, Inc.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Lamar Advertising’s Quarterly Report for the period ended March 31, 2022 filed on May 5, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(31)	Joinder Agreement, dated as of June 7, 2022, to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of dated as of February 6, 2020 (as amended by that certain Amendment No. 1, dated as of July 2, 2021, and as further amended), among Lamar Media, the subsidiary borrower party thereto, the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, by Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership, Lamar Advertising General Partner, and Sky High Murals-Colossal Media, LLC.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Lamar Advertising’s Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 2022 filed on August 3, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.

118

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
10(f)(32)	Amendment No. 2, dated as of July 29, 2022 to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated February 6, 2020, by and among Lamar Media, as Borrower, the Company, Lamar Media’s subsidiary guarantors party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and certain lenders from time to time party thereto.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on August 3, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(33)	Amendment No. 3, dated as of April 26, 2023 to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated February 6, 2020, by and among Lamar Media, as Borrower, the Company, Lamar Media's subsidiary guarantors party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and certain lenders from time to time party thereto.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on May 5, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(f)(34)	Amendment No. 4, dated as of July 31, 2023 to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated February 6, 2020, by and among Lamar Media, as Borrower, the Company, Lamar Media's subsidiary guarantors party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and certain lenders from time to time party thereto.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on August 2, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(g)(1)	Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership, dated July 1, 2022.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on July 7, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(g)(2)*	Form of 2022 LTIP Unit Award Agreement.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on July 7, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(g)(3)*	Form of 2023 LTIP Unit Award Agreement.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on March 2, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.
10(l)*	Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and the directors and executive officers of the Company, dated as of November 18, 2014.	Previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 1-36756) filed on November 19, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.
14(a)	Lamar Advertising Company Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.	Previously filed as Exhibit 14(a) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (File No. 1-36756) filed on February 24, 2023 and incorporated herein by reference.
21(a)	Subsidiaries of the Company.	Filed herewith.
22(a)	Subsidiary guarantors of Lamar Media.	Filed herewith.
23(a)	Consent of KPMG LLP.	Filed herewith.
31(a)	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company and Lamar Media pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002.	Filed herewith.
31(b)	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company and Lamar Media pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	Filed herewith.
32(a)	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	Filed herewith.

119

EXHIBIT NUMBER	DESCRIPTION	METHOD OF FILING
97	Compensation Recovery Policy	Filed herewith.
101	The following materials from the combined Annual Report of the Company and Lamar Media Corp. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 of the Company and Lamar Media, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 of the Company and Lamar Media, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 of the Company and Lamar Media, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 of the Company and Lamar Media, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and Lamar Media.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*    Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which the executive officers or directors of the Company participate.

120

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY
February 23, 2024	By:	/s/ Sean E. Reilly
		Sean E. Reilly
		President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Sean E. Reilly	President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)	2/23/24
Sean E. Reilly
/s/ Jay L. Johnson	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	2/23/24
Jay L. Johnson
/s/ Kevin P. Reilly, Jr.	Executive Chairman and Director	2/23/24
Kevin P. Reilly, Jr.
/s/ Wendell S. Reilly	Director	2/23/24
Wendell S. Reilly
/s/ Stephen P. Mumblow	Director	2/23/24
Stephen P. Mumblow
/s/ Marshall A. Loeb	Director	2/23/24
Marshall A. Loeb
/s/ Thomas Reifenheiser	Director	2/23/24
Thomas Reifenheiser
/s/ Anna Reilly	Director	2/23/24
Anna Reilly
/s/ John E. Koerner, III	Director	2/23/24
John E. Koerner, III
/s/ Elizabeth Thompson	Director	2/23/24
Elizabeth Thompson
/s/ Nancy Fletcher	Director	2/23/24
Nancy Fletcher

121

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	LAMAR MEDIA CORP.
February 23, 2024	By:	/s/ Sean E. Reilly
		Sean E. Reilly
		President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Kevin P. Reilly, Jr.	Executive Chairman and Director	2/23/24
Kevin P. Reilly, Jr.
/s/ Sean E. Reilly	President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)	2/23/24
Sean E. Reilly
/s/ Jay L. Johnson	Chief Financial and Accounting Officer and Director (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	2/23/24
Jay L. Johnson
/s/ Lee Kantrow, Jr.	Executive Vice President of Mergers and Acquisitions and Director	2/23/24
Lee Kantrow, Jr.

122

EX-21.A

Exhibit 21(a)

SUBSIDIARIES OF LAMAR ADVERTISING

Exact Name of Entity as Specified in its Charter	State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization
Lamar Media Corp.	Delaware
Arizona Logos, L.L.C.	Arizona
Ashby Street Outdoor LLC	Delaware
Ashby Street Outdoor CC, LLC	Delaware
Ashby Street Outdoor Holdings LLC	Delaware
Canadian TODS Limited	Nova Scotia, Canada
Colorado Logos, LLC	Delaware
Delaware Logos, L.L.C.	Delaware
Douglas Outdoor Advertising of GA., LLC	Georgia
Fairway CCO Indiana, LLC	Delaware
Fairway Media Group, LLC	Delaware
Fairway Outdoor Advertising, LLC	Delaware
Fairway Outdoor Funding, LLC	Delaware
Fairway Outdoor Funding Holdings, LLC	Delaware
Florida Logos, LLC	Florida
FMO Real Estate, LLC	Delaware
Georgia Logos, L.L.C.	Georgia
Interstate Logos, L.L.C.	Louisiana
Interstate Logos TRS, LLC	Delaware
Kansas Logos, LLC	Delaware
Kentucky Logos, LLC	Kentucky
Lamar Advantage GP Company, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advantage Holding Company, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advantage LP Company, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advantage Outdoor Company, L.P.	Delaware
Lamar Advertising General Partner, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership	Delaware
Lamar Advertising of Colorado Springs, L.L.C.	Colorado
Lamar Advertising of Louisiana, L.L.C.	Louisiana
Lamar Advertising of Michigan, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advertising of Penn, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advertising of Puerto Rico, Inc.	Puerto Rico
Lamar Advertising of South Dakota, L.L.C.	South Dakota
Lamar Advertising of Youngstown, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advertising Southwest, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Air, L.L.C.	Louisiana
Lamar Airport Advertising Company	Nevada
Lamar Airport Advertising S/W Joint Venture	Texas
Lamar Canada Holding Limited	Canada
Lamar Canadian Outdoor Company	Ontario, Canada
Lamar Central Outdoor, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Electrical, LLC	Delaware
Lamar-Fairway Blocker 1, LLC	Delaware
Lamar-Fairway Blocker 2, LLC	Delaware

Exact Name of Entity as Specified in its Charter	State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization
Lamar Florida, L.L.C.	Florida
Lamar Investments, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Obie Company, LLC	Delaware
Lamar OCI North, L.L.C.	Delaware
Lamar OCI South, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Ohio Outdoor Holding, LLC	Delaware
Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Service Company, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Tennessee, L.L.C.	Tennessee
Lamar Texas Limited Partnership	Texas
Lamar Transit Advertising Canada Ltd.	British Columbia, Canada
Lamar Transit, LLC	Delaware
Lamar TRS Holdings, LLC	Delaware
Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC	Delaware
Louisiana Interstate Logos, L.L.C.	Louisiana
Magic Media/Lamar, LLC	Delaware
Magic Media Real Estate, LLC	Delaware
Maine Logos, L.L.C.	Maine
MCC Outdoor, LLC	Georgia
Michigan Logos, LLC	Delaware
Minnesota Logos, LLC	Delaware
Mississippi Logos, L.L.C.	Mississippi
Missouri Logos, LLC	Missouri
Montana Logos, LLC	Montana
Nebraska Logos, LLC	Delaware
Nevada Logos, LLC	Delaware
New Hampshire Logos, L.L.C.	New Hampshire
New Jersey Logos, L.L.C.	New Jersey
New Mexico Logos, LLC	New Mexico
Ohio Logos, LLC	Delaware
Oklahoma Logos, L.L.C.	Oklahoma
Olympus Media/Indiana, LLC	Delaware
Outdoor Marketing Systems, L.L.C.	Pennsylvania
Outdoor Promotions West, LLC	Delaware
QMC Transit, Inc.	Puerto Rico
Sky High Murals-Colossal Media, LLC	New York
South Carolina Logos, LLC	South Carolina
Tennessee Logos, LLC	Delaware
The Lamar Company, L.L.C.	Louisiana
TLC Farms, L.L.C.	Louisiana
TLC Properties II, LLC	Texas
TLC Properties, LLC	Louisiana
Triumph Outdoor Holdings, LLC	Delaware
Triumph Outdoor Rhode Island, LLC	Delaware
Utah Logos, LLC	Delaware
Virginia Logos, LLC	Virginia
Washington Logos, L.L.C.	Washington

Exact Name of Entity as Specified in its Charter	State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization
Wisconsin Logos, LLC	Wisconsin

EX-22.A

Exhibit 22(a)

List of Guarantor Subsidiaries of Lamar Media Corp.

Lamar Media Corp. is the issuer of the (i) 3 3/4% Senior Notes due 2028, (ii) 4% Senior Notes due 2030, (iii) 4 7/8% Senior Notes due 2029 and (iv) 3 5/8% Senior Notes due 2031 (collectively, the “Notes”). The following subsidiaries are guarantors of these Notes as of the last day of the period covered by this report.

Exact Name of Entity as Specified in its Charter	State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization
Arizona Logos, L.L.C.	Arizona
Ashby Street Outdoor LLC	Delaware
Ashby Street Outdoor CC, LLC	Delaware
Ashby Street Outdoor Holdings LLC	Delaware
Colorado Logos, LLC	Delaware
Delaware Logos, L.L.C.	Delaware
Douglas Outdoor Advertising of GA., LLC	Georgia
Fairway CCO Indiana, LLC	Delaware
Fairway Media Group, LLC	Delaware
Fairway Outdoor Advertising, LLC	Delaware
Fairway Outdoor Funding, LLC	Delaware
Fairway Outdoor Funding Holdings, LLC	Delaware
Florida Logos, LLC	Florida
FMO Real Estate, LLC	Delaware
Georgia Logos, L.L.C.	Georgia
Interstate Logos, L.L.C.	Louisiana
Interstate Logos TRS, LLC	Delaware
Kansas Logos, LLC	Delaware
Kentucky Logos, LLC	Kentucky
Lamar Advantage GP Company, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advantage Holding Company, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advantage LP Company, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advantage Outdoor Company, L.P.	Delaware
Lamar Advertising General Partner, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership	Delaware
Lamar Advertising of Colorado Springs, L.L.C.	Colorado
Lamar Advertising of Louisiana, L.L.C.	Louisiana
Lamar Advertising of Michigan, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advertising of Penn, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advertising of South Dakota, L.L.C.	South Dakota
Lamar Advertising of Youngstown, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Advertising Southwest, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Air, L.L.C.	Louisiana
Lamar Airport Advertising Company	Nevada
Lamar Central Outdoor, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Electrical, LLC	Delaware
Lamar-Fairway Blocker 1, LLC	Delaware
Lamar-Fairway Blocker 2, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Florida, L.L.C.	Florida
Lamar Investments, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Obie Company, LLC	Delaware

Exact Name of Entity as Specified in its Charter	State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization
Lamar OCI North, L.L.C.	Delaware
Lamar OCI South, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Ohio Outdoor Holding, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Service Company, LLC	Delaware
Lamar Tennessee, L.L.C.	Tennessee
Lamar Texas Limited Partnership	Texas
Lamar Transit, LLC	Delaware
Lamar TRS Holdings, LLC	Delaware
Louisiana Interstate Logos, L.L.C.	Louisiana
Magic Media/Lamar, LLC	Delaware
Magic Media Real Estate, LLC	Delaware
Maine Logos, L.L.C.	Maine
MCC Outdoor, LLC	Georgia
Michigan Logos, LLC	Delaware
Minnesota Logos, LLC	Delaware
Mississippi Logos, L.L.C.	Mississippi
Missouri Logos, LLC	Missouri
Montana Logos, LLC	Montana
Nebraska Logos, LLC	Delaware
Nevada Logos, LLC	Delaware
New Hampshire Logos, L.L.C.	New Hampshire
New Jersey Logos, L.L.C.	New Jersey
New Mexico Logos, LLC	New Mexico
Ohio Logos, LLC	Delaware
Oklahoma Logos, L.L.C.	Oklahoma
Olympus Media/Indiana, LLC	Delaware
Outdoor Marketing Systems, L.L.C.	Pennsylvania
Outdoor Promotions West, LLC	Delaware
Sky High Murals-Colossal Media, LLC	New York
South Carolina Logos, LLC	South Carolina
Tennessee Logos, LLC	Delaware
The Lamar Company, L.L.C.	Louisiana
TLC Farms, L.L.C.	Louisiana
TLC Properties II, LLC	Texas
TLC Properties, LLC	Louisiana
Triumph Outdoor Holdings, LLC	Delaware
Triumph Outdoor Rhode Island, LLC	Delaware
Utah Logos, LLC	Delaware
Virginia Logos, LLC	Virginia
Washington Logos, L.L.C.	Washington
Wisconsin Logos, LLC	Wisconsin

EX-23.A

Exhibit 23(a)

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements (Nos. 333-89034, 333-37858, 333-116008, 333-160945, 333-190603, 333-232687, 333-232686, and 333-270945) on Form S-8 and No. 333-257243 on Form S-3 for Lamar Advertising Company and (Nos. 333-248598 and 333-257927) on Form S-4 for Lamar Media Corp. of our reports dated February 23, 2024, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Advertising Company and Lamar Media Corp. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ KPMG LLP

KPMG LLP

Baton Rouge, Louisiana
February 23, 2024

EX-31.A

Exhibit 31(a)

CERTIFICATION

I, Sean E. Reilly, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this combined annual report on Form 10-K of Lamar Advertising Company and Lamar Media Corp.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrants as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrants’ other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrants and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrants, including their consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants’ disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrants’ internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants’ most recent fiscal quarter (the registrants’ fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants’ internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrants’ other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrants’ auditors and the audit committee of the registrants’ board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrants’ abilities to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrants’ internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 23, 2024

/s/ Sean E. Reilly

Sean E. Reilly

President and Chief Executive Officer, Lamar Advertising Company

President and Chief Executive Officer, Lamar Media Corp.

EX-31.B

Exhibit 31(b)

CERTIFICATION

I, Jay L. Johnson, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this combined annual report on Form 10-K of Lamar Advertising Company and Lamar Media Corp.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrants as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrants’ other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrants and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrants, including their consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants’ disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrants’ internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants’ most recent fiscal quarter (the registrants’ fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants’ internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrants’ other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrants’ auditors and the audit committee of the registrants’ board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrants’ abilities to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrants’ internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 23, 2024

/s/ Jay L. Johnson

Jay L. Johnson

Chief Financial Officer, Lamar Advertising Company

Chief Financial Officer, Lamar Media Corp.

EX-32.A

Exhibit 32(a)

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

Certification of Periodic Financial Report

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Each of the undersigned officers of Lamar Advertising Company (“Lamar Advertising”) and Lamar Media Corp. (“Lamar Media”) certifies, to his knowledge and solely for the purposes of 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the combined Annual Report on Form 10-K of Lamar Advertising and Lamar Media for the year ended December 31, 2023 fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that information contained in that combined Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Lamar Advertising and Lamar Media.

Dated: February 23, 2024	By:	/s/ Sean E. Reilly
		Sean E. Reilly
		President and Chief Executive Officer, Lamar Advertising Company
		President and Chief Executive Officer, Lamar Media Corp.
Dated: February 23, 2024	By:	/s/ Jay L. Johnson
		Jay L. Johnson
		Chief Financial Officer, Lamar Advertising Company
		Chief Financial Officer, Lamar Media Corp.

EX-97

Exhibit 97

Lamar Advertising Company

Compensation Recovery Policy

1.    Introduction

    The Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Lamar Advertising Company, a corporation organized under the laws of Delaware (the “Company”), has adopted this policy (this “Policy”), which provides for the recovery of erroneously awarded Incentive-based Compensation (as defined below) from current and former executive officers in the event of an Accounting Restatement (as defined below) resulting from the Company’s material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under United States federal securities laws. This policy is intended to comply with Section 10D and Rule 10D-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) (“Rule 10D-1”), and Section 5608 of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC Rules (the “Nasdaq Rule”). Definitions of capitalized terms used in this Policy are included in Section 11 below.

2.    Administration

    The Compensation Committee will have full authority to administer this Policy. The Compensation Committee will, subject to the provisions of this Policy, applicable law and regulation, and the Nasdaq Rule, make such determinations and interpretations and take such actions in connection with this Policy as it deems necessary, appropriate or advisable. All determinations and interpretations made by the Compensation Committee will be final, binding and conclusive.

3.    Recovery

    In the event of an Accounting Restatement, the Company shall seek to recover, reasonably promptly, all Erroneously Awarded Compensation from an Executive Officer during the Time Period Covered in accordance with the Nasdaq Rule and Rule 10D-1. Such determination of the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation, in the case of an Accounting Restatement, will be made without regard to any individual knowledge or responsibility related to the Accounting Restatement or the Erroneously Awarded Compensation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company is required to undertake an Accounting Restatement, the Company shall recover the Erroneously Awarded Compensation unless the recovery is Impracticable (as defined below).

    The Company shall seek to recover all Erroneously Awarded Compensation that was awarded or paid in accordance with the definition of “Erroneously Awarded Compensation” set forth below in Section 11. If such Erroneously Awarded Compensation was not awarded or paid on a formulaic basis, the Company shall seek to recover the amount that the Compensation Committee determines in good faith should be recouped.

4.    Other Actions

    The Compensation Committee may, subject to applicable law, seek recovery in the manner it chooses, including by seeking reimbursement from the Executive Officer of all or part of the compensation awarded or paid, by electing to withhold unpaid compensation, by set-off, or by rescinding or canceling unvested stock.

    To the extent that the Executive Officer has already reimbursed the Company for any Erroneously Awarded Compensation received under any duplicative recovery obligations

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established by the Company or applicable law, it shall be appropriate for any such reimbursed amount to be credited to the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation that is subject to recovery under this Policy.

    To the extent that an Executive Officer fails to repay all Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the Company when due, the Company shall take all actions reasonable and appropriate to recover such Erroneously Awarded Compensation from the applicable Executive Officer. The applicable Executive Officer shall be required to reimburse the Company for any and all expenses reasonably incurred (including legal fees) by the Company in recovering such Erroneously Awarded Compensation in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence.

    In the reasonable exercise of its business judgment under this Policy, the Compensation Committee may in its sole discretion determine whether and to what extent additional action is appropriate to address the circumstances surrounding an Accounting Restatement to minimize the likelihood of any recurrence and to impose such other discipline as it deems appropriate.

5.    No Indemnification or Reimbursement

    Notwithstanding the terms of any other policy, program, agreement or arrangement, in no event will the Company or any of its affiliates indemnify or reimburse an Executive Officer for any loss of Erroneously Awarded Compensation, or any claims relating to the Company’s enforcement of its rights under this Policy and in no event will the Company or any of its affiliates pay premiums on any insurance policy that would cover an Executive Officer’s potential obligations with respect to Erroneously Awarded Compensation under this Policy.

6.Other Claims and Rights

    The remedies under this Policy are in addition to, and not in lieu of, any legal and equitable claims the Company or any of its affiliates may have or any actions that may be imposed by law enforcement agencies, regulators, administrative bodies, or other authorities. Further, the exercise by the Compensation Committee of any rights pursuant to this Policy will not impact any other rights that the Company or any of its affiliates may have with respect to any Covered Person subject to this Policy.

7.    Acknowledgement by Executive Officers; Condition to Eligibility for Incentive Compensation

    The Company will provide notice and seek acknowledgement of this Policy from each Executive Officer (see Exhibit A attached hereto), provided that the failure to provide such notice or obtain such acknowledgement will have no impact on the applicability or enforceability of this Policy. After the Effective Date, the Company must be in receipt of an Executive Officer’s acknowledgement as a condition to such Executive Officer’s eligibility to receive Incentive-based Compensation. All Incentive-based Compensation subject to this Policy will not be earned, even if already paid, until the Policy ceases to apply to such Incentive-based Compensation and any other vesting conditions applicable to such Incentive Compensation are satisfied.

8.    Amendment

    The Board may amend this Policy from time to time in its discretion or as it deems necessary. No amendment to this Policy shall be effective if such amendment would (after taking

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into account any actions taken by the Company contemporaneously with such amendment) cause the Company to violate any federal securities laws, SEC rule or Nasdaq Rule.

9.    Effectiveness

    Except as otherwise determined in writing by the Compensation Committee, this Policy will apply to any Incentive-based Compensation that is Received by an Executive Officer on or after the Effective Date. This Policy will survive and continue notwithstanding any termination of an Executive Officer’s employment with the Company and its affiliates.

10.    Successors

    This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all Executive Officers and their successors, beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators, or other legal representatives.

11.    Definitions of Terms

“Accounting Restatement” means a restatement of any of the Company’s financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Exchange Act, or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, due to the Company’s material noncompliance with any financial reporting requirement under U.S. securities laws, regardless of whether the Company or Executive Officer misconduct was the cause for such accounting restatement. “Accounting Restatement” includes any accounting restatement the Company is required to prepare to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period.

“Compensation Committee” means the Company’s committee responsible for executive compensation decisions, or in the absence of such a committee, a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board.

“Effective Date” means October 2, 2023.

“Erroneously Awarded Compensation” means the amount of any Incentive-based Compensation (calculated on a pre-tax basis) Received by an Executive Officer during the Time Period Covered that is in excess of the amount that otherwise would have been Received if the calculation were based on the Accounting Restatement. For the avoidance of doubt, Erroneously Awarded Compensation does not include any Incentive-based Compensation Received by a person (i) before such person began service in a position or capacity meeting the definition of an “Executive Officer,” (ii) who did not serve as an Executive Officer at any time during the performance period relating to any Incentive-based Compensation, or (iii) during any period the Company did not have a class of its securities listed on a national securities exchange or a national securities association. For Incentive-based Compensation based on (or derived from) stock price or total shareholder return where the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation is not subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in the applicable Accounting Restatement, the amount will be determined by the Compensation Committee based on a reasonable estimate of the effect of the Accounting Restatement on the stock price or total shareholder return upon which the Incentive-based Compensation was Received (in which case, the Company will maintain documentation of such determination of that reasonable estimate and provide such documentation to the Company’s applicable listing exchange).

“Executive Officer” means the Company’s president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer (or if there is no such accounting officer, the controller), any vice-president of

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the issuer in charge of a principal business unit, division, or function (such as sales, administration, or finance), any other officer who performs a policy-making function, or any other person who performs similar policymaking functions for the issuer. Executive officers of an issuer’s parent(s) or subsidiaries are deemed executive officers of the issuer if they perform such policy making functions for the issuer. The identification of an executive officer for purposes of this Policy shall include each executive officer who is or was identified pursuant to Item 401(b) of Regulation S-K.

“Financial Reporting Measure” means a measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles used in preparing the Company’s financial statements (including “non-GAAP” financial measures, such as those appearing in the Company’s earnings releases or Management Discussion and Analysis), and any measure that is derived wholly or in part from such measure. Stock price and total shareholder return (and any measures derived wholly or in part therefrom) shall, for purposes of this Policy, be considered Financial Reporting Measures. For the avoidance of doubt, a Financial Reporting Measure need not be presented in the Company’s financial statements or included in a filing with the SEC.

“Impracticable.” Either of the following three conditions is met and the Compensation Committee has determined that recovery would be impracticable:

(i) The Compensation Committee has determined that the direct expense paid to a third party to assist in enforcing this Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered after the Company has (A) made a reasonable attempt to recover the Erroneously Awarded Compensation and (B) documented such attempts and provided documentation of such attempts to recover to the Company’s applicable listing exchange;

(ii) Recovery would violate home country law where that law was adopted prior to November 28, 2022. Before concluding that it would be impracticable to recover any amount of erroneously awarded compensation based on violation of home country law, the Company must obtain an opinion of home country counsel, acceptable to Nasdaq, that recovery would result in such a violation, and must provide such opinion to Nasdaq; or

(iii) Recovery would likely cause an otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company, to fail to meet the qualifications and other applicable requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and regulations thereunder.

“Incentive-based Compensation” means any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested based wholly or in part upon the attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure.

“Received.” Incentive-based Compensation is deemed “Received” in the Company’s fiscal period during which the Financial Reporting Measure specified in the Incentive-based Compensation award is attained, even if the payment or grant of the Incentive-based Compensation occurs after the end of that period.

“Time Period Covered” means, with respect to any Accounting Restatement, the three completed fiscal years of the Company immediately preceding the earlier of (i) the date the Board, a committee of the Board, or the officer or officers of the Company authorized to take such action if Board action is not required, concludes (or reasonably should have concluded) that the Company is required to prepare an Accounting Restatement or (ii) the date a regulator, court or other legally authorized entity directs the Company to undertake an Accounting Restatement. The “Time Period Covered” also includes any transition period of less than nine months (that

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results from a change in the Company’s fiscal year) within or immediately following the three completed fiscal years identified in the preceding sentence.

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Exhibit A

ATTESTATION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF POLICY FOR THE RECOVERY OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION

By my signature below, I acknowledge and agree that:

•I have received and read the attached Policy for the Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation (this “Policy”).

•I hereby agree to abide by all of the terms of this Policy both during and after my employment with the Company, including, without limitation, by promptly repaying or returning any Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the Company as determined in accordance with this Policy.

Signature:

Printed Name:

Date:

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XML

Cover - USD ($)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Feb. 01, 2024

Jun. 30, 2023

Document Information [Line Items]

Document Type

10-K

Document Annual Report

true

Document Period End Date

Dec. 31, 2023

Current Fiscal Year End Date

--12-31

Document Transition Report

false

Entity File Number

1-36756

Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code

DE

Entity Tax Identification Number

47-0961620

Entity Address, Address Line One

5321 Corporate Blvd.

Entity Address, City or Town

Baton Rouge

Entity Address, State or Province

LA

Entity Address, Postal Zip Code

70808

City Area Code

225

Local Phone Number

926-1000

Title of 12(b) Security

Class A common stock, $0.001 par value

Trading Symbol

LAMR

Security Exchange Name

NASDAQ

Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer

Yes

Entity Voluntary Filers

No

Entity Current Reporting Status

Yes

Entity Interactive Data Current

Yes

Entity Filer Category

Large Accelerated Filer

Entity Small Business

false

Entity Emerging Growth Company

false

ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag

true

Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]

false

Entity Shell Company

false

Entity Public Float

$ 8,541,454,206

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Document	Parts into Which Incorporated
Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on May 16, 2024 (Proxy Statement)	Part III

This combined Form 10-K is separately filed by (i) Lamar Advertising Company and (ii) Lamar Media Corp. (which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lamar Advertising Company). Lamar Media Corp. meets the conditions set forth in general instruction I(1) (a) and (b) of Form 10-K and is, therefore, filing this form with the reduced disclosure format permitted by such instruction.

Amendment Flag

false

Document Fiscal Year Focus

2023

Document Fiscal Period Focus

FY

Entity Central Index Key

0001090425

Entity Registrant Name

LAMAR ADVERTISING CO/NEW

Common Class A

Document Information [Line Items]

Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding

87,645,560

Common Class B

Document Information [Line Items]

Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding

14,420,085

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Document Information [Line Items]

Entity File Number

1-12407

Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code

DE

Entity Tax Identification Number

72-1205791

Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer

No

Entity Voluntary Filers

Yes

Entity Filer Category

Non-accelerated Filer

Entity Small Business

false

Entity Emerging Growth Company

false

ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag

true

Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]

false

Entity Public Float

$ 0

Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding

100

Entity Central Index Key

0000899045

Entity Registrant Name

LAMAR MEDIA CORP/DE

XML

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Auditor [Line Items]
Auditor Name	KPMG LLP
Auditor Location	Baton Rouge, LA
Auditor Firm ID	185
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Auditor [Line Items]
Auditor Name	KPMG LLP
Auditor Location	Baton Rouge, LA
Auditor Firm ID	185

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 44,605	$ 52,619
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $12,477 and $11,418 as of 2023 and 2022, respectively	301,189	285,039
Other current assets	27,392	26,894
Total current assets	373,186	364,552
Property, plant and equipment (note 5)	4,274,831	4,109,146
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,708,361)	(2,609,447)
Net property, plant and equipment	1,566,470	1,499,699
Operating lease right of use assets	1,315,433	1,271,631
Financing lease right of use assets	11,184	14,037
Goodwill	2,035,271	2,035,269
Intangible assets, net (note 6)	1,171,434	1,206,625
Other assets	90,644	83,401
Total assets	6,563,622	6,475,214
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	18,238	19,643
Current maturities of long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $380 and $593 in 2023 and 2022, respectively (note 9)	250,018	249,785
Current operating lease liabilities (note 7)	210,568	205,838
Current financing lease liabilities (note 7)	1,331	1,331
Accrued expenses (note 8)	107,195	117,593
Deferred income	126,547	131,847
Total current liabilities	713,897	726,037
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $28,865 and $32,022 in 2023 and 2022, respectively (note 9)	3,091,109	3,063,020
Operating lease liabilities (note 7)	1,075,285	1,035,655
Financing lease liabilities (note 7)	14,614	15,945
Deferred income tax liabilities (note 12)	12,047	9,651
Asset retirement obligation (note 10)	397,991	390,442
Other liabilities	41,891	39,090
Total liabilities	5,346,834	5,279,840
Stockholders’ equity (note 14):
Series AA preferred stock, par value $0.001, $63.80 cumulative dividends, authorized 5,720 shares; 5,720 shares issued and outstanding at 2023 and 2022	0	0
Additional paid-in-capital	2,103,282	2,061,671
Accumulated comprehensive loss	(428)	(659)
Accumulated deficit	(819,235)	(804,382)
Cost of shares held in treasury, 840,935 and 783,696 shares in 2023 and 2022, respectively	(67,347)	(61,358)
Non-controlling interest	414	0
Stockholders’ equity	1,216,788	1,195,374
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	6,563,622	6,475,214
Common Class A
Stockholders’ equity (note 14):
Common stock, value	88	88
Common Class B
Stockholders’ equity (note 14):
Common stock, value	$ 14	$ 14

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Receivables, allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 12,477	$ 11,418
Deferred financing costs, less current maturities	380	593
Deferred financing costs, excluding current maturities	$ 28,865	$ 32,022
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, cumulative dividends (in usd per share)	$ 63.80	$ 63.80
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,720	5,720
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	5,720	5,720
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	5,720	5,720
Shares held in treasury (in shares)	840,935	783,696
Common Class A
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	362,500,000	362,500,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	88,486,495	88,110,928
Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares)	87,645,560	87,327,232
Common Class B
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	37,500,000	37,500,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	14,420,085	14,420,085
Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares)	14,420,085	14,420,085

XML

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statements of Income
Net Revenues	$ 2,110,987	$ 2,032,140	$ 1,787,401
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	696,799	667,288	576,507
General and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	344,780	350,623	326,951
Corporate expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	106,025	102,500	93,577
Depreciation and amortization	293,423	349,449	271,294
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)	(15,721)	(2,115)
Total operating expenses	1,435,553	1,454,139	1,266,214
Operating income	675,434	578,001	521,187
Other expense (income):
Loss on debt extinguishment	115	0	21,604
Interest income	(2,115)	(1,293)	(763)
Interest expense	174,512	127,510	106,384
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)	(4,315)	(3,384)
Total other expense (income)	168,816	121,902	123,841
Income before income tax expense	506,618	456,099	397,346
Income tax expense (note 12)	9,782	17,452	9,256
Net income	496,836	438,647	388,090
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073	0	0
Net income attributable to controlling interest	495,763	438,647	388,090
Preferred stock dividends	365	365	365
Net income applicable to common stock	$ 495,398	$ 438,282	$ 387,725
Earnings per share:
Basic earnings per share (in usd per share)	$ 4.86	$ 4.32	$ 3.83
Diluted earnings per share (in usd per share)	4.85	4.31	3.83
Cash dividends declared per share of common stock (in usd per share)	$ 5.00	$ 5.00	$ 4.00
Weighted average common shares used in computing earnings per share:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding basic (in shares)	101,920,268	101,527,778	101,133,269
Weighted average common shares outstanding diluted (in shares)	102,106,647	101,634,543	101,349,865
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income	$ 496,836	$ 438,647	$ 388,090
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	231	(1,514)	(79)
Comprehensive income	497,067	437,133	388,011
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073	0	0
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$ 495,994	$ 437,133	$ 388,011

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Preferred Stock Series AA Preferred Stock	Common Stock Common Class A	Common Stock Common Class B	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Non-controlling Interest
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 1,202,768	$ 0	$ 87	$ 14	$ (44,786)	$ 1,963,850	$ 934	$ (717,331)	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Non-cash compensation	4,942					4,942
Issuance of common stock through stock awards	13,566		1			13,565
Exercise of stock options	10,170					10,170
Issuance of common stock through employee purchase plan	8,872					8,872
Purchase of treasury stock	(6,066)				(6,066)
Foreign currency translation	(79)						(79)
Net income	388,090							388,090
Dividends/distributions to common shareholders	(404,809)							(404,809)
Dividends, preferred stock	(365)							(365)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	1,217,089	0	88	14	(50,852)	2,001,399	855	(734,415)	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Non-cash compensation	11,012					11,012
Issuance of common stock through stock awards	30,366					30,366
Exercise of stock options	8,671					8,671
Issuance of common stock through employee purchase plan	10,223					10,223
Purchase of treasury stock	(10,506)				(10,506)
Foreign currency translation	(1,514)						(1,514)
Net income	438,647							438,647
Dividends/distributions to common shareholders	(508,249)							(508,249)
Dividends, preferred stock	(365)							(365)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	1,195,374	0	88	14	(61,358)	2,061,671	(659)	(804,382)	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Non-cash compensation	10,323					10,323
Issuance of common stock through stock awards	16,615					16,615
Exercise of stock options	4,300					4,300
Issuance of common stock through employee purchase plan	11,389					11,389
Purchase of treasury stock	(5,989)				(5,989)
Foreign currency translation	231						231
Net income	496,836							495,763	1,073
Reallocation of capital	(619)					(1,016)			397
Dividends/distributions to common shareholders	(511,307)							(510,251)	(1,056)
Dividends, preferred stock	(365)							(365)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 1,216,788	$ 0	$ 88	$ 14	$ (67,347)	$ 2,103,282	$ (428)	$ (819,235)	$ 414

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Common stock awards (in shares)	168,176	248,947	158,985
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	60,385	194,035	156,491
Common stock purchase plan (in shares)	147,006	127,108	114,035
Purchase of treasury stock (in shares)	57,239	95,679	68,336
Cash dividends declared per share of common stock (in usd per share)	$ 5.00	$ 5.00	$ 4.00
Preferred stock dividend shares (in usd per shares)	$ 63.80	$ 63.80	$ 63.80

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 496,836	$ 438,647	$ 388,090
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	293,423	349,449	271,294
Stock-based compensation	22,649	23,136	37,368
Amortization included in interest expense	6,538	6,158	5,877
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)	(15,721)	(2,115)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115	0	21,604
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)	(4,315)	(3,384)
Deferred income tax expense	2,384	3,212	1,574
Provision for doubtful accounts	12,737	9,013	4,527
(Increase) decrease in:
Receivables	(28,744)	(22,511)	(24,684)
Prepaid expenses	1,087	(906)	(5,493)
Other assets	(3,363)	2,711	5,030
(Decrease) increase in:
Trade accounts payable	(307)	1,176	1,308
Accrued expenses	(1,708)	(10,773)	9,553
Operating lease liabilities	2,490	7,198	3,819
Other liabilities	(11,354)	(4,862)	20,049
Cash flows provided by operating activities	783,613	781,612	734,417
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(178,271)	(167,078)	(126,090)
Acquisitions	(138,961)	(479,766)	(312,257)
Payment for investments in equity securities	0	0	(30,000)
Decrease in notes receivable	62	12,124	107
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	7,051	15,649	6,480
Cash flows used in investing activities	(310,119)	(619,071)	(461,760)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock	15,689	18,894	19,042
Cash used for purchase of treasury shares	(5,989)	(10,506)	(6,066)
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	403,000	445,000	200,000
Payments on revolving credit facility	(378,000)	(575,000)	(25,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	(381)	(365)	(378)
Principal payments on financing leases	(1,331)	(1,331)	(1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans	0	350,000	0
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	114,900	265,000	180,000
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program	(114,900)	(190,000)	(127,500)
Proceeds received from note offering	0	0	550,000
Redemption of senior notes and senior subordinated notes	0	0	(668,688)
Debt issuance costs	(2,951)	(1,583)	(8,823)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(1,056)	(814)	(601)
Dividends/distributions	(510,616)	(508,614)	(405,174)
Cash flows used in financing activities	(481,635)	(209,319)	(294,519)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	127	(391)	81
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(8,014)	(47,169)	(21,781)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	52,619	99,788	121,569
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	44,605	52,619	99,788
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	168,011	120,000	112,080
Cash paid for state and federal income taxes	$ 11,432	$ 16,325	$ 8,388

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Subsidiary) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 44,605	$ 52,619
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $12,477 and $11,418 as of 2023 and 2022, respectively	301,189	285,039
Other current assets	27,392	26,894
Total current assets	373,186	364,552
Property, plant and equipment	4,274,831	4,109,146
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,708,361)	(2,609,447)
Net property, plant and equipment	1,566,470	1,499,699
Operating lease right of use assets	1,315,433	1,271,631
Financing lease right of use assets	11,184	14,037
Goodwill	2,035,271	2,035,269
Intangible assets, net (note 3)	1,171,434	1,206,625
Other assets	90,644	83,401
Total assets	6,563,622	6,475,214
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	18,238	19,643
Current maturities of long-term debt	250,018	249,785
Current operating lease liabilities	210,568	205,838
Current financing lease liabilities	1,331	1,331
Accrued expenses (note 4)	107,195	117,593
Deferred income	126,547	131,847
Total current liabilities	713,897	726,037
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $28,865 and $32,022 in 2023 and 2022, respectively (note 9)	3,091,109	3,063,020
Operating lease liabilities (note 7)	1,075,285	1,035,655
Financing lease liabilities	14,614	15,945
Deferred income tax liabilities	12,047	9,651
Asset retirement obligation	397,991	390,442
Other liabilities	41,891	39,090
Total liabilities	5,346,834	5,279,840
Stockholder’s equity:
Additional paid-in-capital	2,103,282	2,061,671
Accumulated comprehensive loss	(428)	(659)
Accumulated deficit	(819,235)	(804,382)
Non-controlling interest	414	0
Stockholders’ equity	1,216,788	1,195,374
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	6,563,622	6,475,214
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	44,105	52,119
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $12,477 and $11,418 as of 2023 and 2022, respectively	301,189	285,039
Other current assets	27,392	26,894
Total current assets	372,686	364,052
Property, plant and equipment	4,274,831	4,109,146
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(2,708,361)	(2,609,447)
Net property, plant and equipment	1,566,470	1,499,699
Operating lease right of use assets	1,315,433	1,271,631
Financing lease right of use assets	11,184	14,037
Goodwill	2,025,119	2,025,117
Intangible assets, net (note 3)	1,170,967	1,206,158
Other assets	85,021	77,778
Total assets	6,546,880	6,458,472
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	18,238	19,643
Current maturities of long-term debt	250,018	249,785
Current operating lease liabilities	210,568	205,838
Current financing lease liabilities	1,331	1,331
Accrued expenses (note 4)	97,464	108,724
Deferred income	126,547	131,847
Total current liabilities	704,166	717,168
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs of $28,865 and $32,022 in 2023 and 2022, respectively (note 9)	3,091,109	3,063,020
Operating lease liabilities (note 7)	1,075,285	1,035,655
Financing lease liabilities	14,614	15,945
Deferred income tax liabilities	12,047	9,651
Asset retirement obligation	397,991	390,442
Other liabilities	41,891	39,090
Total liabilities	5,337,103	5,270,971
Stockholder’s equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 3,000 shares; 100 shares issued and outstanding at 2023 and 2022	0	0
Additional paid-in-capital	3,173,789	3,132,178
Accumulated comprehensive loss	(428)	(659)
Accumulated deficit	(1,963,998)	(1,944,018)
Non-controlling interest	414	0
Stockholders’ equity	1,209,777	1,187,501
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 6,546,880	$ 6,458,472

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Subsidiary) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Receivables, allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 12,477	$ 11,418
Deferred financing costs, less current maturities	380	593
Deferred financing costs, excluding current maturities	28,865	32,022
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Receivables, allowance for doubtful accounts	12,477	11,418
Deferred financing costs, less current maturities	380	593
Deferred financing costs, excluding current maturities	$ 28,865	$ 32,022
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	3,000	3,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	100	100
Common stock, shares, outstanding (in shares)	100	100

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Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Subsidiary) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statements of Income
Net Revenues	$ 2,110,987	$ 2,032,140	$ 1,787,401
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	696,799	667,288	576,507
General and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	344,780	350,623	326,951
Corporate expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	106,025	102,500	93,577
Depreciation and amortization	293,423	349,449	271,294
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)	(15,721)	(2,115)
Total operating expenses	1,435,553	1,454,139	1,266,214
Operating income	675,434	578,001	521,187
Other expense (income):
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115	0	21,604
Interest income	(2,115)	(1,293)	(763)
Interest expense	174,512	127,510	106,384
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)	(4,315)	(3,384)
Total other expense (income)	168,816	121,902	123,841
Income before income tax expense	506,618	456,099	397,346
Income tax expense	9,782	17,452	9,256
Net income	496,836	438,647	388,090
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073	0	0
Net income attributable to controlling interest	495,763	438,647	388,090
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income	496,836	438,647	388,090
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	231	(1,514)	(79)
Comprehensive income	497,067	437,133	388,011
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073	0	0
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	495,994	437,133	388,011
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Statements of Income
Net Revenues	2,110,987	2,032,140	1,787,401
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	696,799	667,288	576,507
General and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	344,780	350,623	326,636
Corporate expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	105,528	101,998	93,074
Depreciation and amortization	293,423	349,449	271,294
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)	(15,721)	(2,115)
Total operating expenses	1,435,056	1,453,637	1,265,396
Operating income	675,931	578,503	522,005
Other expense (income):
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115	0	21,604
Interest income	(2,115)	(1,293)	(763)
Interest expense	174,512	127,510	106,384
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)	(4,315)	(3,384)
Total other expense (income)	168,816	121,902	123,841
Income before income tax expense	507,115	456,601	398,164
Income tax expense	9,782	17,452	9,256
Net income	497,333	439,149	388,908
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073	0	0
Net income attributable to controlling interest	496,260	439,149	388,908
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income	497,333	439,149	388,908
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	231	(1,514)	(79)
Comprehensive income	497,564	437,635	388,829
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073	0	0
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$ 496,491	$ 437,635	$ 388,829

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Subsidiary) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Non-controlling Interest	LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES	LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES Common Stock	LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES Additional Paid-In Capital	LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)	LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES Accumulated Deficit	LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES Non-controlling Interest
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 1,202,768	$ 1,963,850	$ 934	$ (717,331)	$ 0	$ 1,192,844	$ 0	$ 3,034,357	$ 934	$ (1,842,447)	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Contribution from parent						37,548		37,548
Foreign currency translation adjustments						(79)			(79)
Net income	388,090			388,090		388,908				388,908
Dividend To Parent						(410,875)				(410,875)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	1,217,089	2,001,399	855	(734,415)	0	1,208,346	0	3,071,905	855	(1,864,414)	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Contribution from parent						60,273		60,273
Foreign currency translation adjustments						(1,514)			(1,514)
Net income	438,647			438,647		439,149				439,149
Dividend To Parent						(518,753)				(518,753)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	1,195,374	2,061,671	(659)	(804,382)	0	1,187,501	0	3,132,178	(659)	(1,944,018)	0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Contribution from parent						42,627		42,627
Reallocation of capital	(619)	(1,016)			397	(619)		(1,016)			397
Foreign currency translation adjustments						231			231
Net income	496,836			495,763	1,073	497,333				496,260	1,073
Dividend To Parent						(517,296)				(516,240)	(1,056)
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 1,216,788	$ 2,103,282	$ (428)	$ (819,235)	$ 414	$ 1,209,777	$ 0	$ 3,173,789	$ (428)	$ (1,963,998)	$ 414

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Subsidiary) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 496,836	$ 438,647	$ 388,090
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	293,423	349,449	271,294
Non-cash compensation	22,649	23,136	37,368
Amortization included in interest expense	6,538	6,158	5,877
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)	(15,721)	(2,115)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115	0	21,604
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)	(4,315)	(3,384)
Deferred income tax expense	2,384	3,212	1,574
Provision for doubtful accounts	12,737	9,013	4,527
(Increase) decrease in:
Receivables	(28,744)	(22,511)	(24,684)
Prepaid expenses	1,087	(906)	(5,493)
Other assets	(3,363)	2,711	5,030
(Decrease) increase in:
Trade accounts payable	(307)	1,176	1,308
Accrued expenses	(1,708)	(10,773)	9,553
Operating lease liabilities	2,490	7,198	3,819
Other liabilities	(11,354)	(4,862)	20,049
Cash flows provided by operating activities	783,613	781,612	734,417
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(178,271)	(167,078)	(126,090)
Acquisitions	(138,961)	(479,766)	(312,257)
Payment for investments in equity securities	0	0	(30,000)
Decrease in notes receivable	62	12,124	107
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	7,051	15,649	6,480
Cash flows used in investing activities	(310,119)	(619,071)	(461,760)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	403,000	445,000	200,000
Payments on revolving credit facility	(378,000)	(575,000)	(25,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	(381)	(365)	(378)
Principal payments on financing leases	(1,331)	(1,331)	(1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans	0	350,000	0
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	114,900	265,000	180,000
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program	(114,900)	(190,000)	(127,500)
Debt issuance costs	(2,951)	(1,583)	(8,823)
Proceeds received from note offering	0	0	550,000
Redemption of senior notes and senior subordinated notes	0	0	(668,688)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(1,056)	(814)	(601)
Cash flows used in financing activities	(481,635)	(209,319)	(294,519)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	127	(391)	81
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(8,014)	(47,169)	(21,781)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	52,619	99,788	121,569
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	44,605	52,619	99,788
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	168,011	120,000	112,080
Cash paid for state and federal income taxes	11,432	16,325	8,388
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	497,333	439,149	388,908
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	293,423	349,449	271,294
Non-cash compensation	22,649	23,136	37,368
Amortization included in interest expense	6,538	6,158	5,877
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)	(15,721)	(2,115)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115	0	21,604
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)	(4,315)	(3,384)
Deferred income tax expense	2,384	3,212	1,574
Provision for doubtful accounts	12,737	9,013	4,527
(Increase) decrease in:
Receivables	(28,744)	(22,511)	(24,684)
Prepaid expenses	1,087	(906)	(5,493)
Other assets	(3,363)	2,711	5,030
(Decrease) increase in:
Trade accounts payable	(307)	1,176	1,308
Accrued expenses	(1,708)	(10,773)	9,553
Operating lease liabilities	2,490	7,198	3,819
Other liabilities	(39,154)	(47,110)	360
Cash flows provided by operating activities	756,310	739,866	715,546
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(178,271)	(167,078)	(126,090)
Acquisitions	(138,961)	(479,766)	(312,257)
Payment for investments in equity securities	0	0	(30,000)
Decrease in notes receivable	62	12,124	107
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	7,051	15,649	6,480
Cash flows used in investing activities	(310,119)	(619,071)	(461,760)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	403,000	445,000	200,000
Payments on revolving credit facility	(378,000)	(575,000)	(25,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	(381)	(365)	(378)
Principal payments on financing leases	(1,331)	(1,331)	(1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans	0	350,000	0
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	114,900	265,000	180,000
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program	(114,900)	(190,000)	(127,500)
Debt issuance costs	(2,951)	(1,583)	(8,823)
Proceeds received from note offering	0	0	550,000
Redemption of senior notes and senior subordinated notes	0	0	(668,688)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(1,056)	(814)	(601)
Dividends (to) from parent	(516,240)	(518,753)	(410,875)
Contributions from parent	42,627	60,273	37,548
Cash flows used in financing activities	(454,332)	(167,573)	(275,648)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	127	(391)	81
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(8,014)	(47,169)	(21,781)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	52,119	99,288	121,069
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	44,105	52,119	99,288
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	168,011	120,000	112,080
Cash paid for state and federal income taxes	$ 11,432	$ 16,325	$ 8,388

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Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies

(a)Nature of Business

Lamar Advertising Company (the Company) is engaged in the outdoor advertising business, operating approximately 160,400 billboard advertising displays in 45 states and Canada. The Company’s operating strategy is to be the leading provider of outdoor advertising services in the markets it serves.

In addition, the Company operates a logo sign business in 23 states throughout the United States and the province of Ontario, Canada and operates approximately 47,850 transit advertising displays in 24 states and Canada. Logo signs are erected pursuant to state-awarded service contracts on public rights-of-way near highway exits and deliver brand name information on available gas, food, lodging and camping services. Included in the Company’s logo sign business are tourism signing contracts. The Company provides transit advertising in airport terminals, on bus shelters, benches and buses in the markets it serves.

The Company operates as a Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and generally will not be subject to federal income taxes on its income and gains that the Company distributes to its stockholders, including the income derived from advertising rental revenue. However, even as a REIT, the Company will remain obligated to pay income taxes on earnings from the assets of its taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). In addition, the Company’s foreign assets and operations continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those assets are held or those operations are conducted.

On July 1, 2022, the Company's direct wholly owned subsidiary Lamar Media Corp. ("Lamar Media") entered into the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement (the "Partnership Agreement") of Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership (the "OP") as the initial limited partner, along with its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Advertising General Partner, LLC, as the general partner of the OP (the "General Partner"). Lamar Media formed the OP and contributed all of its assets to the OP in connection with the Company's reorganization (the "Reorganization") as a specific type of REIT known as an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust ("UPREIT"). The Company completed the Reorganization to facilitate tax-deferred contributions of properties to the OP in exchange for limited partnership interests in the OP. The Reorganization did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

(b)Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Lamar Advertising Company, its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Media, and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

An operating segment is a component of an enterprise:

•that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses;

•whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and

•for which discrete financial information is available.

We define the term ‘chief operating decision maker’ to be our executive management group, which consists of our Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Currently, all operations are reviewed on a consolidated basis for budget and business plan performance by our executive management group. Additionally, operational performance at the end of each reporting period is viewed in the aggregate by our management group. Any decisions related to changes in invested capital, personnel, operational improvement or training, or to allocate other company resources are made based on the combined results.

We operate in a single operating and reporting segment, advertising. We rent advertising space on billboards, buses, shelters, benches, logo plates and in airport terminals.

(c)Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

(d)Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is subject to an annual impairment test. The Company designated December 31 as the date of its annual goodwill impairment test. The Company is required to identify its reporting units and determine the carrying value of each reporting unit. The Company has identified two reporting units, Billboard operations and Logo operations, by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets, to those reporting units. The Company is required to determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company would be required to book an impairment loss.

The Company conducts a qualitative assessment by examining relevant events and circumstances which could have a negative impact on the Company’s goodwill, which includes macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, reporting unit dispositions and acquisitions, the market capitalization of the Company and other relevant events specific to the Company. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances described above, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of either of the Company's reporting units is less than its carrying amount, the Company will perform a quantitative impairment test. If industry and economic conditions deteriorate, the Company may be required to assess goodwill impairment before the next annual test, which could result in impairment charges.

The Company performed its annual measurement for impairment of the goodwill of its reporting units and concluded the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount at its annual impairment test date on December 31, 2023 and 2022; therefore, the Company was not required to recognize an impairment loss.

Intangible assets, consisting primarily of site locations, customer lists and contracts, and non-competition agreements are amortized using the straight-line method over the assets' estimated useful lives, generally from 2 to 15 years.

(e)Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, lease right of use assets and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group before interest expense. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.

(f)Acquisitions

The Company accounts for transactions that meet the definition of a business and group asset purchases as acquisitions. For transactions that meet the definition of a business combination, the Company allocates the purchase price, including any contingent consideration, to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition with any excess of the purchase price paid over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. The determination of the final purchase price and the acquisition-date fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed may extend over more than one period and result in adjustments to the preliminary estimate recognized in the prior period financial statements. For transactions that meet the definition of asset group purchases, the Company proportionally allocates the purchase price to the assets based on relative fair value acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. If a transaction is determined to be a group of assets, any direct acquisition costs are capitalized. Transaction costs for transactions determined to be a business combination are expensed as incurred.

The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically determined by using either estimates of replacement costs or discounted cash flow valuation methods. When determining the fair value of tangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the cost to replace the asset with a new asset, adjusted for an estimated reduction in fair value due to age of the asset, and the economic useful life. When determining the fair value of intangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the applicable discount rate and the timing and amount of future cash flows.

(g)Lease Liabilities

The Company is party to various operating leases for production facilities, vehicles and sites upon which advertising structures are built, including our billboard land leases, leases of logo structures and leases of transit advertising space. The leases expire at various dates, have varying options to renew and cancel, and may contain escalation provisions. We expense our non-variable lease payments ratably over the lease term. Also, certain of our leases contain variable lease payments based on percentage of revenue or consumer price index or other inflation-based indices. The variable lease costs are expensed in the period incurred. Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification as part of the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements will not likely meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they will no longer be accounted for as a lease.

Financing lease right of use assets are amortized over the life of the lease which is recorded in depreciation and amortization on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Interest related to financing lease liabilities is recorded in interest expense on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

The key estimates for our leases include (1) the discount rate used to discount the unpaid lease payment to present value and (2) lease term. Our leases generally do not include a readily determinable implicit rate, therefore, using a portfolio approach, we determine our collateralized incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payment based on the information available at lease commencement. Our lease terms include the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Company option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend the lease controlled by the lessor. The Company has determined we are not reasonably certain to exercise renewals or termination options, and as a result we use the lease’s initial stated term as the lease term for our lease population.

(h)Deferred Income

Deferred income consists principally of advertising revenue invoiced in advance. Deferred advertising revenue is recognized in income over the term of the contract.

(i)Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes outdoor advertising revenue on an accrual basis ratably over the term of the contracts. Production revenue and the related expense for the advertising copy are recognized upon satisfaction of its performance obligation.

The Company engages in barter transactions where the Company trades advertising space for goods and services. The Company recognizes revenues and expenses from barter transactions at fair value, which is determined based on the Company’s own historical practice of receiving cash for similar advertising space from buyers unrelated to the party in the barter transaction. The amount of revenue and expense recognized for advertising barter transactions is as follows:

	2023		2022		2021
Net revenues	$	9,599	$	8,775	$	7,718
Direct advertising expenses	$	4,832	$	4,044	$	4,014
General and administrative expenses	$	4,044	$	3,904	$	3,112

(j)Income Taxes

As a REIT, the Company is generally not subject to federal income taxes on income and gains distributed to the Company’s stockholders. However, the Company remains obligated to pay income taxes on earnings from domestic TRSs. In addition, the Company’s foreign assets and operations continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those

assets are held or where those operations are conducted, including those designated as Qualified REIT Subsidiaries, or QRSs, for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements reflect provisions for federal, state, local and foreign income taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carry forwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

(k)Dividends/Distributions

As a REIT, the Company must annually distribute to its stockholders an amount equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for distributed earnings and excluding any net capital gain). During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company declared and paid distributions of its REIT taxable income of $510,251 or $5.00 per share, $508,249 or $5.00 per share and $404,809 or $4.00 per share, respectively. The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions will be at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and will be declared based upon various factors, a number of which may be beyond the Company’s control, including the financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain REIT status and reduce any income and excise taxes that the Company otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in its existing and future debt instruments, the Company’s ability to utilize net operating losses (“NOLs”) to offset, in whole or in part, the Company’s distribution requirements, limitations on its ability to fund distributions using cash generated through its TRSs, the impact of general economic conditions on the Company's operations and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant. During each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company paid dividend distributions to holders of its Series AA Preferred Stock of $365 or $63.80 per share.

(l)Earnings Per Share

The calculation of basic earnings per share excludes any dilutive effect of stock options, while diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of stock options. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 there were no dilutive shares excluded from the calculation.

(m)Stock Based Compensation

Compensation expense for share-based awards is recognized based on the grant date fair value of those awards. Stock based compensation expense includes an estimate for pre-vesting forfeitures and is recognized over the requisite service periods of the awards on a straight-line basis, which is generally commensurate with the vesting term. Non-cash compensation expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $22,649, $23,136 and $37,368, respectively. The $22,649 expensed during the year ended December 31, 2023 consists of (i) $4,855 related to stock options and the employee stock purchase plan, (ii) $11,677 related to stock grants made under the Company’s performance-based stock incentive program in 2023, (iii) $5,347 related to LTIP Units issued to the Company's executive officers, (iv) $55 related to non-performance restricted stock awards and (v) $715 related to restricted stock awards to directors. See Note 15 for information on the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock-based compensation.

(n)Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

(o)Credit Losses

The Company estimates credit losses on financial instruments based on amounts expected to be collected. The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on historical collections, accounts receivable aging, economic indicators, and expected future trends.

(p)Foreign Currency Translation

Local currencies generally are considered the functional currencies outside the United States. Assets and liabilities for operations in local-currency environments are translated at year-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. Foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and as a component of accumulated comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity.

(q)Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company is required to record the fair value of obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets in the period in which it is incurred. The liability is capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset’s carrying amount. Adjustments are made to the asset retirement obligation liability to reflect changes in the estimates of the retirement period and amount of expected cash flows, with an offsetting adjustment made to the related long-lived tangible asset. The significant assumptions used in estimating the Company's asset retirement obligations include the retirement period, cost of asset dismantlement, credit-adjusted risk-free interest rates, inflation and market risk. Over time, accretion of the liability is recognized as an operating expense and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the expected useful life of the related asset. The Company’s asset retirement obligations relate primarily to the dismantlement, removal, site reclamation and similar activities of its leased properties.

(r)Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(s)Comprehensive Income

Total comprehensive income is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and the components of accumulated comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. Comprehensive income is composed of foreign currency translation effects.

(t)Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments using the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

(u)    Investments

On July 12, 2021, Lamar invested $30,000 to acquire a 20% minority interest in Vistar Media, a leading global provider of programmatic technology for the digital out-of-home sector. This investment is accounted for as an equity method investment and is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, related to this investment, the Company recorded $4,107, $4,284 and $3,384, respectively, in equity in earnings of investee on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

(v)    Subsequent Events

The Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date on which the financial statements are issued.

XML

Revenues

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenues

Revenue

Revenue Recognition

Advertising revenues: The majority of our revenues are derived from contracts for advertising space on billboard, logo and transit displays. Contracts which do not meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, Leases are accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The majority of our advertising space contracts do not meet the definition of a

lease under ASC 842 and are therefore accounted for under ASC 606. The contract revenues are recognized ratably over their contract life. Costs to fulfill a contract, which include our costs to install advertising copy onto billboards, are capitalized and amortized to direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we capitalized $26,349 and $25,078, respectively, of costs to fulfill contracts, which is included in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of expensed costs of $26,041 and $24,546, respectively.

Other revenues: Our other component of revenue primarily consists of production services which includes creating and printing the advertising copy. Revenue for production contracts are recognized under ASC 606. Contract revenues for production services are recognized upon satisfaction of the contract which is typically less than one week.

Arrangements with multiple performance obligations: Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price. We determine standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers using expected cost plus margin.

Deferred revenues: We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance obligation. The term between invoicing and when a payment is due is not significant. For certain services we require payment before the product or services are delivered to the customer. The balance of deferred income is considered short-term and will be recognized in revenue within twelve months.

Practical expedients and exemptions: The Company is utilizing the following practical expedients and exemptions from ASC 606. We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period is one year or less. These costs are recorded within direct advertising expense (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations as the majority of our contracts with customers have an original expected length of less than one year. For contracts with customers which exceed one year, the future amount to be invoiced to the customer corresponds directly with the value to be received by the customer.

The following table presents our disaggregated revenue by source for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

	2023		2022		2021
Billboard Advertising	$	1,877,823	$	1,813,995	$	1,613,554
Logo Advertising	82,324		80,145		78,180
Transit Advertising	150,840		138,000		95,667
Net Revenues	$	2,110,987	$	2,032,140	$	1,787,401

XML

Acquisitions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions

Acquisitions

Year Ended December 31, 2023

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company completed several acquisitions of outdoor advertising assets for a total purchase price of $138,961.

Each of these acquisitions was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, and, accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of each acquired entity from the date of acquisition. The acquisition purchase price has been allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on fair market value estimates at the dates of acquisition.

The following is a summary of the allocation of the purchase price in the above transactions.

	Total
Property, plant and equipment	$	30,837
Goodwill	(50)
Site locations	90,152
Non-competition agreements	360
Customer lists and contracts	11,061
Asset acquisition costs	414
Current assets	8,410
Current liabilities	(3,851)
Operating lease right of use assets	11,016
Operating lease liabilities	(9,388)
	$	138,961

Total acquired intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $101,937, of which ($50) was assigned to goodwill relating to the finalization of the fair value allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Fairway Outdoor and Standard Outdoor in the business combination completed December 9, 2022. Goodwill is not amortized for financial statement purposes and no goodwill related to 2023 acquisitions is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The acquired intangible assets have a weighted average useful life of approximately 14 years. The intangible assets include customer lists and contracts of $11,061 (7 year weighted average useful life) and site locations of $90,152 (15 year weighted average useful life). The aggregate amortization expense related to the 2023 acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $3,330.

As of December 31, 2023, we finalized our fair value allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Fairway Outdoor and Standard Outdoor in the business combination completed December 9, 2022. The changes to our updated fair value allocation of this business combination were considered immaterial and recorded during the year ended December 31, 2023.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information for the Company gives effect to the 2023 and 2022 acquisitions as if they had occurred on January 1, 2022. These pro forma results do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had the acquisitions occurred on such date or to project the Company’s results of operations for any future period.

	2023		2022
	(unaudited)
Net revenues	$	2,117,677	$	2,074,229
Net income applicable to common stock	$	490,936	$	430,515
Net income per common share — basic	$	4.82	$	4.24
Net income per common share — diluted	$	4.81	$	4.24

Year Ended December 31, 2022

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company completed several acquisitions of outdoor advertising assets for a total purchase price of $479,766, net of cash acquired of $6,904. Included within this total purchase price were the acquisitions of Burkhart Advertising Inc. for an aggregate purchase price of $130,000 as well as Fairway Outdoor and Standard Outdoor for an aggregate purchase price of $92,650.

Each of these acquisitions was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting, and, accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of each acquired entity from the date of

acquisition. The acquisition purchase price has been allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on fair market value estimates at the dates of acquisition.

As of December 31, 2022, our fair value allocation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Fairway Outdoor and Standard Outdoor in the business combination completed December 9, 2022 was considered preliminary and subject to revision, which could result in adjustments to this allocation. The aggregate purchase price of this business combination was $92,650. In order to develop our preliminary fair values, the Company utilized asset information received from the acquired company and fair value allocation benchmarks from similar completed transactions. Our preliminary allocation of these assets includes property, plant and equipment, intangibles and goodwill of $34,066, $28,130 and $30,458, respectively. As discussed above, we finalized this fair value allocation during 2023.

The following is a summary of the allocation of the purchase price in the above transactions, which includes the preliminary values for a business combination completed on December 9, 2022.

	Total
Property, plant and equipment	$	87,312
Goodwill	99,003
Site locations	246,288
Non-competition agreements	2,328
Customer lists and contracts	43,339
Asset acquisition costs	903
Current assets	2,177
Current liabilities	(12,677)
Operating lease right of use assets	79,960
Operating lease liabilities	(68,867)
	$	479,766

Total acquired intangible assets for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $391,861, of which $99,003 was assigned to goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized for financial statement purposes and $456 of goodwill related to 2022 acquisitions is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The acquired intangible assets have a weighted average useful life of approximately 14 years. The intangible assets include customer lists and contracts of $43,339 (7 year weighted average useful life) and site locations of $246,288 (15 year weighted average useful life). The aggregate amortization expense related to the 2022 acquisitions for the year ended December 31, 2022 was approximately $14,605.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information for the Company gives effect to the 2022 and 2021 acquisitions as if they had occurred on January 1, 2021. These pro forma results do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had the acquisitions occurred on such date or to project the Company's results of operations for any future period.

	2022		2021
	(unaudited)
Net revenues	$	2,063,800	$	1,879,002
Net income applicable to common stock	$	429,726	$	373,476
Net income per common share — basic	$	4.23	$	3.69
Net income per common share — diluted	$	4.23	$	3.69

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Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]

Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities

Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there were no significant non-cash investing activities or significant non-cash financing activities.

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Property, Plant and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment

Major categories of property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	Estimated Life (Years)	2023		2022
Land	—	$	482,424	$	459,370
Building and improvements	10 — 39	235,861		220,468
Advertising structures	5 — 15	3,401,132		3,285,636
Automotive and other equipment	3 — 7	155,414		143,672
		$	4,274,831	$	4,109,146

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Estimated Life (Years)	2023				2022
		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Amortizable Intangible Assets:
Customer lists and contracts	7 — 10	$	731,156	$	640,635	$	720,051	$	614,840
Non-competition agreements	3 — 15	71,960		66,455		71,599		65,647
Site locations	15	2,955,324		1,891,078		2,864,854		1,781,164
Other	2 — 15	52,578		41,416		52,164		40,392
		$	3,811,018	$	2,639,584	$	3,708,668	$	2,502,043
Unamortizable Intangible Assets:
Goodwill		$	2,288,807	$	253,536	$	2,288,805	$	253,536

The changes in the gross carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	2,189,962
Goodwill acquired during the year	99,003
Purchase price adjustments and other	(160)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	2,288,805
Purchase price adjustments and other	2
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	2,288,807

Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $140,033, $134,256 and $114,319, respectively. The following is a summary of the estimated amortization expense for future years:

2024	$	136,705
2025	133,235
2026	125,223
2027	121,230
2028	114,693
Thereafter	540,348
Total	$	1,171,434

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Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

The Company is party to various operating leases for production facilities, vehicles and sites upon which advertising structures are built, including our billboard land leases, leases of logo structures and leases of transit advertising space. The leases expire at various dates, have varying options to renew and cancel, and may contain escalation provisions. We expense our non-variable lease payments ratably over the lease term. Also, certain of our leases contain variable lease payments based on percentage of revenue or consumer price index or other inflation-based indices. The variable lease costs are expensed in the period incurred. Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification, as part of the adoption of ASC 842, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements will not likely meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they will no longer be accounted for as a lease.

Financing lease right of use assets are amortized over the life of the lease which is recorded in depreciation and amortization on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. Interest related to financing lease liabilities is recorded in interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

The key estimates for our leases include (1) the discount rate used to discount the unpaid lease payment to present value and (2) lease term. Our leases generally do not include a readily determinable implicit rate, therefore, using a portfolio approach, we determine our collateralized incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payment based on the information available at lease commencement. Our lease terms include the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Company option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend the lease controlled by the lessor. The Company has determined we are not reasonably certain to exercise renewals or termination options, and as a result we use the lease’s initial stated term as the lease term for our lease population.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we had base operating lease costs of $311,640 and variable operating lease costs of $60,147, for a total operating lease cost of $371,787. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we had base operating lease costs of $306,825 and variable operating lease costs of $59,651, for a total operating lease cost of $366,476. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we had base operating lease costs of $290,036 and variable lease costs of $51,628, for a total operating lease cost of $341,664. Our operating lease costs are recorded in direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). Also, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recorded a (gain) loss of ($295), ($824) and $241 respectively, in gain on disposition of assets related to the amendment and termination of lease agreements. Cash payments of $341,741, $307,581 and $296,460 were made reducing our operating lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are included in cash flows provided by operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

We elected the short-term lease exemption which applies to certain of our vehicle agreements. This election allows the Company to not recognize lease right of use assets or lease liabilities for agreements with a term of twelve months or less. We recorded $10,189, $7,478 and $6,184 in direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for these agreements during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Our operating leases have a weighted-average remaining lease term of 12.4 years. The weighted-average discount rate of our operating leases is 5.0%. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we obtained $24,999 and $79,095, respectively, of leased assets in exchange for new operating lease liabilities, which includes liabilities obtained through acquisitions. Lease terminations during the year resulted in a $10,635 and $5,090 reduction to operating lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following is a summary of the maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023:

2024	$	261,788
2025	194,702
2026	168,285
2027	144,511
2028	122,107
Thereafter	896,888
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	1,788,281
Less: Imputed interest	(502,428)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	1,285,853

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we obtained no new leased assets in exchange for new financing lease liabilities. Our financing leases have a weighted-average remaining lease term of 3.9 years and a weighted-average discount rate of 3.1%. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, amortization expense of $2,853 was recorded within depreciation and amortization and interest expense of $504, $544 and $585, was recorded within interest expense, respectively, on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in relation to these financing lease liabilities. Cash payments of $1,331 were made reducing our financing lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and are included in cash flows used in financing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification as part of the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements do not meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they are no longer accounted for as a lease. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, non-lease variable transit payments were $87,688, $78,877 and $47,054, respectively. These transit expenses are recorded in direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

Leases

Leases

The Company is party to various operating leases for production facilities, vehicles and sites upon which advertising structures are built, including our billboard land leases, leases of logo structures and leases of transit advertising space. The leases expire at various dates, have varying options to renew and cancel, and may contain escalation provisions. We expense our non-variable lease payments ratably over the lease term. Also, certain of our leases contain variable lease payments based on percentage of revenue or consumer price index or other inflation-based indices. The variable lease costs are expensed in the period incurred. Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification, as part of the adoption of ASC 842, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements will not likely meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they will no longer be accounted for as a lease.

Financing lease right of use assets are amortized over the life of the lease which is recorded in depreciation and amortization on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. Interest related to financing lease liabilities is recorded in interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

The key estimates for our leases include (1) the discount rate used to discount the unpaid lease payment to present value and (2) lease term. Our leases generally do not include a readily determinable implicit rate, therefore, using a portfolio approach, we determine our collateralized incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payment based on the information available at lease commencement. Our lease terms include the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Company option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend the lease controlled by the lessor. The Company has determined we are not reasonably certain to exercise renewals or termination options, and as a result we use the lease’s initial stated term as the lease term for our lease population.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we had base operating lease costs of $311,640 and variable operating lease costs of $60,147, for a total operating lease cost of $371,787. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we had base operating lease costs of $306,825 and variable operating lease costs of $59,651, for a total operating lease cost of $366,476. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we had base operating lease costs of $290,036 and variable lease costs of $51,628, for a total operating lease cost of $341,664. Our operating lease costs are recorded in direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). Also, for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recorded a (gain) loss of ($295), ($824) and $241 respectively, in gain on disposition of assets related to the amendment and termination of lease agreements. Cash payments of $341,741, $307,581 and $296,460 were made reducing our operating lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are included in cash flows provided by operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

We elected the short-term lease exemption which applies to certain of our vehicle agreements. This election allows the Company to not recognize lease right of use assets or lease liabilities for agreements with a term of twelve months or less. We recorded $10,189, $7,478 and $6,184 in direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for these agreements during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Our operating leases have a weighted-average remaining lease term of 12.4 years. The weighted-average discount rate of our operating leases is 5.0%. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we obtained $24,999 and $79,095, respectively, of leased assets in exchange for new operating lease liabilities, which includes liabilities obtained through acquisitions. Lease terminations during the year resulted in a $10,635 and $5,090 reduction to operating lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following is a summary of the maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023:

2024	$	261,788
2025	194,702
2026	168,285
2027	144,511
2028	122,107
Thereafter	896,888
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	1,788,281
Less: Imputed interest	(502,428)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	1,285,853

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we obtained no new leased assets in exchange for new financing lease liabilities. Our financing leases have a weighted-average remaining lease term of 3.9 years and a weighted-average discount rate of 3.1%. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, amortization expense of $2,853 was recorded within depreciation and amortization and interest expense of $504, $544 and $585, was recorded within interest expense, respectively, on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income in relation to these financing lease liabilities. Cash payments of $1,331 were made reducing our financing lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and are included in cash flows used in financing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification as part of the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements do not meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they are no longer accounted for as a lease. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, non-lease variable transit payments were $87,688, $78,877 and $47,054, respectively. These transit expenses are recorded in direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

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Accrued Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses

The following is a summary of accrued expenses at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	2023		2022
Payroll	$	21,903	$	24,601
Interest	23,322		23,360
Insurance benefits	10,801		10,008
Accrued variable lease and contract expense	30,375		28,117
Stock-based compensation	7,936		12,216
Other	12,858		19,291
	$	107,195	$	117,593

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Long-term Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-term Debt

Long-term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	December 31, 2023
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	1,019,222	$	8,266	$	1,010,956
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		380		249,620
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		4,923		595,077
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,226		543,774
4% Senior Notes	549,516		5,675		543,841
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		3,775		396,225
Other notes with various rates and terms	1,634		—		1,634
	3,370,372		29,245		3,341,127
Less current maturities	(250,398)		(380)		(250,018)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,119,974	$	28,865	$	3,091,109

	December 31, 2022
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	993,970	$	8,171	$	985,799
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		593		249,407
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		6,000		594,000
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,982		543,018
4% Senior Notes	549,437		6,459		542,978
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		4,410		395,590
Other notes with various rates and terms	2,013		—		2,013
	3,345,420		32,615		3,312,805
Less current maturities	(250,378)		(593)		(249,785)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,095,042	$	32,022	$	3,063,020

Long-term debt contractual maturities are as follows:

	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
2024	$	399	$	—	$	399
2025	$	600,420	$	964	$	599,456
2026	$	442	$	—	$	442
2027	$	599,568	$	3,601	$	595,967
2028	$	670,000	$	9,004	$	660,996
Thereafter	$	1,499,543	$	15,676	$	1,483,867

Senior Credit Facility

On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) with certain of Lamar Media’s subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto, under which the parties agreed to amend and restate Lamar Media’s

existing senior credit facility. The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement amended and restated the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 15, 2017, as amended (the “Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”).

The senior credit facility, as established by the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “senior credit facility”), consists of (i) a $750,000 senior secured revolving credit facility which will mature on July 31, 2028, subject to certain conditions (see description of Amendment No. 4 below) (the “revolving credit facility”), (ii) a $600,000 senior secured Term B loan facility (the “Term B loans”) which will mature on February 6, 2027, (iii) a $350,000 senior secured Term A loan facility (the "Term A loans") which will mature on February 6, 2025, and (iv) an incremental facility (the “Incremental Facility”) pursuant to which Lamar Media may incur additional term loan tranches or increase its revolving credit facility subject to a pro forma secured debt ratio of 4.50 to 1.00, as well as certain other conditions including lender approval. Lamar Media borrowed all $600,000 in Term B loans on February 6, 2020. The entire amount of the Term B loans will be payable at maturity. The net proceeds from the Term B loans, together with borrowings under the revolving portion of the senior credit facility and a portion of the proceeds of the issuance of the 3 3/4% Senior Notes due 2028 and 4% Senior Notes due 2030 (both as described below), were used to repay all outstanding amounts under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, and all revolving commitments under that facility were terminated.

The Term B loans mature on February 6, 2027 with no required amortization payments. The Term B loans bear interest at rates based on the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Term SOFR") plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% (Term SOFR plus such credit spread adjustment, the "Adjusted Term SOFR Rate") or the Adjusted Base Rate, at Lamar Media’s option. Term B loans bearing interest at a rate based on Term SOFR bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50%. Term B loans bearing interest at a rate based on the Adjusted Base Rate bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50%.

The revolving credit facility bears interest at rates based on Term SOFR ("Term SOFR revolving loans”) or the Adjusted Base Rate (“Base Rate revolving loans”), at Lamar Media’s option. Term SOFR revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50% (or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.25% at any time the Total Debt Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). Base Rate revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50% (or the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.25% at any time the total debt ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). The guarantees, covenants, events of default and other terms of the senior credit facility apply to the Term B loans and revolving credit facility.

On July 29, 2022, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 2 ("Amendment No. 2") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 2 established the Term A loans as a new class of incremental term loans. The Term A loans will mature on February 6, 2025 with no required amortization payments prior to maturity and bear interest at rates based on the Term SOFR ("Term SOFR Term A loans") or the Adjusted Base Rate ("Base Rate Term A loans"), at Lamar Media's option. Term SOFR Term A loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50% (or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.25% at any time the Total Debt Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). Base Rate Term A loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50% (or the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.25% at any time the total debt ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). The covenants, events of default and other terms of the senior credit facility apply to the Term A loans. Lamar Media borrowed all $350,000 in Term A loans on July 29, 2022. The entire amount of the Term A loans will be payable at maturity. Proceeds from the Term A loans were used to repay outstanding balances on the revolving credit facility and a portion of the outstanding balance on the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

On April 26, 2023, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 3 ("Amendment No. 3") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 3 replaced the London Interbank Offered Rates as administered by the ICE Benchmark Administration with Term SOFR as the successor rate, as set in the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. All other material terms and conditions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement remain unchanged by Amendment No. 3.

On July 31, 2023, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 4 ("Amendment No. 4"), to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as

administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 4 extends the maturity date of Lamar Media's $750,000 revolving credit facility such that the revolving credit facility matures July 31, 2028; provided, that, if on the date (a "Springing Maturity Test Date") that is 91 days prior to either the then scheduled maturity date of Lamar Media's Term B loans (which is currently February 6, 2027) or the February 15, 2028 maturity date of Lamar Media's 3 3/4% Notes, the Company and its restricted subsidiaries do not have sufficient liquidity (defined as unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries plus unused commitments under the revolving credit facility) to repay in full the aggregate outstanding amount (including all accrued and unpaid interest, premiums and make-whole amounts (if any)) of the Term B loans or the 3 3/4% Notes (as applicable), the revolving credit facility will mature on such Springing Maturity Test Date. On the maturity date of the revolving credit facility, the entire principal amount of revolving loans outstanding under the revolving credit facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest on such revolving loans, will be due and payable.

Amendment No. 4 also establishes a $75,000 swingline as a sublimit of the revolving credit facility, which allows Lamar Media to borrow revolving loans on a same-day basis, in an aggregate outstanding principal amount of up to $75,000. In addition, Amendment No. 4 amends the provisions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement related to incremental facilities to allow Lamar Media to establish, from time to time, one or more new incremental revolving facilities on the terms, and subject to the conditions, set forth therein.

As of December 31, 2023, there were $70,000 in outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility. Availability under the revolving credit facility is reduced by the amount of any letters of credit outstanding. Lamar Media had $8,834 in letters of credit outstanding as of December 31, 2023 resulting in $671,166 of availability under the revolving credit facility. Revolving credit loans may be requested under the revolving credit facility at any time prior to its maturity on July 31, 2028.

The terms of Lamar Media’s senior credit facility and the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes restrict, among other things, the ability of Lamar Advertising and Lamar Media to:

•dispose of assets;

•incur or repay debt;

•create liens;

•make investments; and

•pay dividends.

The senior credit facility contains provisions that allow Lamar Media to conduct its affairs in a manner that allows Lamar Advertising to qualify and remain qualified as a REIT, including by allowing Lamar Media to make distributions to Lamar Advertising required for the Company to qualify and remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, subject to certain restrictions.

Lamar Media’s ability to make distributions to Lamar Advertising is also restricted under the terms of these agreements. Under the senior credit facility, the Company must maintain a specified secured debt ratio as long as a revolving credit commitment, revolving loan or letter of credit remains outstanding, and in addition, must satisfy a total debt ratio in order to incur debt, make distributions or make certain investments.

Lamar Advertising and Lamar Media were in compliance with all of the terms of their indentures and the senior credit facility provisions during the periods presented.

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program

On December 18, 2018, Lamar Media entered into a $175,000 Receivable Financing Agreement (the "Receivable Financing Agreement") with its wholly-owned special purpose entities, Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC and Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC (the “Special Purpose Subsidiaries”) (the "Accounts Receivable Securitization Program"). The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is limited to the availability of eligible accounts receivable collateralizing the borrowings under the agreements governing the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

Pursuant to two separate Purchase and Sale Agreements dated December 18, 2018, each of which is among Lamar Media as initial Servicer, certain of Lamar Media’s subsidiaries and a Special Purpose Subsidiary, the subsidiaries sold substantially all of their existing and future accounts receivable balances to the Special Purpose Subsidiaries. The Special Purpose Subsidiaries use the accounts receivable balances to collateralize loans pursuant to the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Lamar Media retains the responsibility of servicing the accounts receivable balances pledged as collateral under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program and provides a performance guaranty.

On June 24, 2022, Lamar Media and the Special Purpose Subsidiaries entered into the Sixth Amendment (the "Sixth Amendment") to the Receivables Financing Agreement. The Sixth Amendment increased the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program from $175,000 to $250,000 and extended the maturity date of the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program to July 21, 2025. Additionally, the Sixth Amendment provides for the replacement of LIBOR-based interest rate mechanics with Term SOFR based interest rate mechanics for the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

As of December 31, 2023, there was $250,000 outstanding aggregate borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Lamar Media had no additional availability for borrowing under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program as of December 31, 2023. The commitment fees based on the amount of unused commitments under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program were immaterial during the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program will mature on July 21, 2025. Lamar Media may amend the facility to extend the maturity date, enter into a new securitization facility with a different maturity date, or refinance the indebtedness outstanding under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program using borrowings under its senior credit facility or from other financing sources.

The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is accounted for as a collateralized financing activity, rather than a sale of assets, and therefore: (i) accounts receivable balances pledged as collateral are presented as assets and the borrowings are presented as liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income reflect the associated charges for bad debt expense (a component of general and administrative expenses) related to the pledged accounts receivable and interest expense associated with the collateralized borrowings and (iii) receipts from customers related to the underlying accounts receivable are reflected as operating cash flows and borrowings and repayments under the collateralized loans are reflected as financing cash flows within our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

5 3/4% Senior Notes

On January 28, 2016, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $400,000 aggregate principal amount of 5 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Original 5 3/4 % Notes”). The institutional private placement resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $394,500.

On February 1, 2019, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of an additional $250,000 aggregate principal amount under its 5 3/4% Notes (the “Additional 5 3/4% Notes”, and together with the Original 5 3/4% Notes, the "5 3/4% Notes"). Other than with respect to the date of issuance, issue price and CUSIP number, the Additional 5 3/4% Notes have the same terms as the Original 5 3/4% Notes. The net proceeds after underwriting fees and expenses, was approximately $251,500.

On February 3, 2021, Lamar Media redeemed in full all $650,000 aggregate principal amount 5 3/4% Notes. The 5 3/4% Notes redemption was completed using the proceeds received from the 3 5/8% Notes offering completed on January 22, 2021 (as described below), together with cash on hand and borrowings under the revolving credit facility and Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. The 5 3/4% Notes were redeemed at a redemption price equal to 102.875% of the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to (but not including) the redemption date. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of approximately $21,604 related to the note redemption, of which $18,700 was in cash.

4% Senior Notes

On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $400,000 aggregate principal amount of 4% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Original 4% Notes”). The institutional private placement on February 6, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $395,000.

On August 19, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of an additional $150,000 aggregate principal amount of its 4% Notes (the “Additional 4% Notes”, and together with the "Original 4% Notes, the "4% Notes"). Other than with respect to the date of issuance and issue price, the Additional 4% Notes have the same terms as the Original 4% Notes. The institutional private placement on August 19, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $146,900.

At any time prior to February 15, 2025, Lamar Media may redeem some or all of the 4% Notes at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a make-whole premium. On or after February 15, 2025, Lamar Media may redeem the 4% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 4% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 4% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 4% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.

3 3/4% Senior Notes

On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $600,000 aggregate principal amount of 3 3/4% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “3 3/4% Notes”). The institutional private placement on February 6, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $592,500.

On or after February 15, 2023, Lamar Media may redeem the 3 3/4% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 3 3/4% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 3 3/4% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 3 3/4% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.

4 7/8% Senior Notes

On May 13, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $400,000 aggregate principal amount of 4 7/8% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “4 7/8% Notes”). The institutional private placement on May 13, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $395,000.

At any time prior to January 15, 2024, Lamar Media may redeem some or all of the 4 7/8% Notes at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a make-whole premium. On or after January 15, 2024, Lamar Media may redeem the 4 7/8% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 4 7/8% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 4 7/8% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 4 7/8% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.

3 5/8% Senior Notes

On January 22, 2021, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $550,000 aggregate principal amount of 3 5/8% Senior Notes due 2031 (the "3 5/8% Notes"). The institutional private placement on January 22, 2021 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $542,500.

Lamar Media may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 3 5/8% Notes, at any time and from time to time, at a price equal to 103.625% of the aggregate principal amount so redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, with the net cash proceeds of certain public equity offerings completed before January 15, 2024 provided that following the redemption, at least 60% of the 3 5/8% Notes that were originally issued remain outstanding and any such redemption occurs within 120 days following the closing of any such public equity offering. At any time prior to January 15, 2026, Lamar Media may redeem some or all of the 3 5/8% Notes at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a make-whole premium. On or after January 15, 2026, Lamar Media may redeem

the 3 5/8% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 3 5/8% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder's 3 5/8% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 3 5/8% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.

Debt Repurchase Program

On March 16, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized Lamar Media to repurchase up to $250,000 outstanding senior or senior subordinated notes and other indebtedness outstanding from time to time under its Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. On February 23, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the extension of the repurchase program through September 30, 2024. There were no repurchases under the program as of December 31, 2023.

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Asset Retirement Obligation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]

Asset Retirement Obligation

Asset Retirement Obligation

The Company’s asset retirement obligation includes the costs associated with the removal of its structures, resurfacing of the land and retirement cost, if applicable, related to the Company’s outdoor advertising portfolio. The following table reflects information related to our asset retirement obligations:

Balance at December 31, 2021	$	269,367
Additions to asset retirement obligations	9,676
Revision in estimates	110,321
Accretion expense	4,894
Liabilities settled	(3,816)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	390,442
Additions to asset retirement obligations	4,548
Revision in estimates	1,230
Accretion expense	7,210
Liabilities settled	(5,439)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	397,991

Revision in estimates in December 31, 2022 of $110,321 reflects changes in cost estimates to remove structures and resurface land for structures that reside on leased land in the Company's outdoor advertising portfolio.

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Depreciation and Amortization

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization [Abstract]

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and Amortization

The Company includes all categories of depreciation and amortization on a separate line in its Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income. The amounts of depreciation and amortization expense excluded from the following operating expenses in its Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Direct advertising expenses	$	273,297	$	330,357	$	253,850
General and administrative expenses	5,691		5,242		4,691
Corporate expenses	14,435		13,850		12,753
	$	293,423	$	349,449	$	271,294

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Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Commencing January 1, 2014, the Company began operating as a REIT for U.S. income tax purposes. Since operating as a REIT, the Company filed, and intends to continue to file, as a REIT, and its TRSs filed, and intend to continue to file, as C corporations. The Company also files tax returns in various states and countries. The Company’s state tax returns reflect

different combinations of the Company’s subsidiaries and are dependent on the connection each subsidiary has with a particular state. The following information pertains to the Company’s income taxes on a consolidated basis.

Income tax expense consists of the following:

	Current		Deferred		Total
Year ended December 31, 2023
U.S. federal	$	6,223	$	1,280	$	7,503
State and local	2,035		(26)		2,009
Foreign	(860)		1,130		270
	$	7,398	$	2,384	$	9,782
Year ended December 31, 2022
U.S. federal	$	5,663	$	2,073	$	7,736
State and local	3,376		(136)		3,240
Foreign	5,201		1,275		6,476
	$	14,240	$	3,212	$	17,452
Year ended December 31, 2021
U.S. federal	$	4,723	$	620	$	5,343
State and local	3,958		254		4,212
Foreign	(999)		700		(299)
	$	7,682	$	1,574	$	9,256

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had income taxes payable of $36 and $4,104, respectively, which was recorded within accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The U.S. and foreign components of earnings before income taxes are as follows:

	2023		2022		2021
U.S.	$	509,040	$	446,395	$	395,800
Foreign	(2,422)		9,704		1,546
Total	$	506,618	$	456,099	$	397,346

A reconciliation of significant differences between the reported amount of income tax expense and the expected amount of income tax expense that would result from applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21 percent to income before taxes for the 2023, 2022 and 2021 tax years is as follows:

	2023		2022		2021
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory rate	$	106,390	$	95,781	$	83,443
Tax adjustment related to REIT(a)	(101,486)		(86,793)		(83,153)
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	2,732		2,850		2,917
Book expenses not deductible for tax purposes	2,574		3,042		1,893
Stock-based compensation	513		(3,336)		3,555
Valuation allowance(b)	875		(14,984)		(1,564)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries(c)	(95)		(84)		292
Other differences, net(d)	(1,721)		20,976		1,873
Income tax expense	$	9,782	$	17,452	$	9,256

(a)Includes dividend paid deduction of $107,137, $106,129 and $85,087 for the tax years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(b)For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, a non-cash valuation allowance of $875, ($14,984) and ($1,564), respectively, was recorded to income tax expense due to our limited ability to utilize Puerto Rico and Canada deferred tax assets in future years.

(c)    Management does not assert that the undistributed earnings of our Canadian subsidiaries will be permanently reinvested. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recognized a deferred tax (benefit) expense of ($95), ($84) and $292, respectively, for future foreign withholding taxes related to undistributed earnings.

(d)    Under Section 1031.01(b)(10) of the 2011 Puerto Rico Code, net operating losses and the tax basis of any other assets shall be reduced for forgiveness of debt to the extent by which the taxpayer is insolvent. As a result, a non-cash expense of $15,201 was recorded to income tax expense for the reduction of Puerto Rico deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Puerto Rico income tax withholding rate applicable on the accrued interest of the debt is 29%. As a result, a cash expense of $5,068 was recorded to income tax expense.

The tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below:

	2023		2022
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	211	$	423
Net operating loss carry forwards	5,261		5,068
Tax credit carry forwards	1,202		1,364
Charitable contributions carry forward	2		1
Gross deferred tax assets	6,676		6,856
Less: valuation allowance	(5,333)		(4,435)
Net deferred tax assets	1,343		2,421
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles	(4,926)		(5,016)
Accrued liabilities not deducted for tax purposes	(2,133)		(2,222)
Investment in partnerships	(2,611)		(1,758)
Property, plant and equipment	(2,956)		(2,234)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries	(764)		(842)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(13,390)		(12,072)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(12,047)	$	(9,651)

As of December 31, 2023, we have approximately $45,589 of U.S. net operating loss carry forwards to offset future taxable income. Of this amount, $12,399 is subject to Internal Revenue Code §382 limitation but will be available to be fully utilized by no later than 2027. These carry forwards expire between 2030 through 2037. In addition, we have $1,205 of various credits available to offset future U.S. federal income tax.

As of December 31, 2023, we have approximately $1,313,978 of state net operating loss carry forwards before valuation allowances. These state net operating losses are available to reduce future taxable income and expire at various times and amounts. In addition, we have $64 of various credits available to offset future state income tax. There was no valuation allowance related to state net operating losses as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. There was no net change in the total state valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2023 and a net decrease in the total state valuation allowance of $334 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $4,512 of Canadian net operating loss carry forwards before valuation allowances. These Canadian net operating losses are available to offset future taxable income. These carry forwards expire between 2040 and 2043.

As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $9,092 of Puerto Rico net operating loss carry forwards before valuation allowances. These Puerto Rico net operating losses are available to offset future taxable income. These carry forwards expire in 2032 and 2033. In addition, we have $688 of alternative minimum tax credits available to offset future Puerto Rico income tax.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in those jurisdictions during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities (including the impact of available carry back and carry forward periods), projected future taxable income, and tax-planning strategies in making this assessment. In order to fully realize the deferred tax assets, the Company will need to generate future taxable income before the expiration of the carry forwards governed by the tax code. Based on the current level of pretax earnings, the Company will not generate the minimum amount of future taxable income to support the realization of the deferred tax assets. As a result, management has determined that a valuation allowance related to Puerto Rico and Canada net operating loss carry forwards and other deferred tax assets is necessary. The valuation allowance for these deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $5,333 and $4,435, respectively. The net change in the total valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was an increase (decrease) of $898 and ($14,664), respectively. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carry forward period increase.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has accumulated undistributed earnings generated by our foreign subsidiaries of approximately $15,277. Management does not designate these earnings as permanently reinvested and has recognized a deferred tax liability of approximately $764 related to foreign withholding taxes on these earnings. We have recognized a current year tax benefit of $95 related to 2023 earnings.

Under ASC 740, Income Taxes, we provide for uncertain tax positions, and the related interest, and adjust recognized tax benefits and accrued interest accordingly. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	5,125
Additions for tax positions related to current year	718
Additions for tax positions related to prior years	1,142
Lapse of statute of limitations	(1,441)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	5,544
Additions for tax positions related to prior years	703
Lapse of statute of limitations	(1,815)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	4,432

Included in the balance of unrecognized benefits at December 31, 2023 is $4,432 of tax benefits that, if recognized in future periods, would impact our effective tax rate. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized interest and penalties of $76 and $212, respectively, as a component of income tax expense in connection with our liabilities related to uncertain tax positions.

Within the next twelve months, we expect to decrease our unrecognized tax benefits by approximately $1,314 as a result of the expiration of statute of limitations.

We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and nearly all states. In addition, the Company is subject to income taxes in Canada and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. We are no longer subject to U.S federal income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2020, or for any U.S. state income tax audit prior to 2017. With respect to Canada and Puerto Rico, we are no longer subject to income tax audits for years before 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

Affiliates, as used within these statements, are persons or entities that are affiliated with Lamar Advertising Company or its subsidiaries through common ownership and directorate control.

RTC Holdings, LLC (“RTC”), a telecommunications company, is 100% owned by entities owned by members of the Reilly family. Entities owned by Sean E. Reilly, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company; Kevin P. Reilly, Jr., Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors; and members of their respective immediate families hold a majority stake in RTC of approximately 89%. The Reilly Family, LLC, which is owned by Sean E. Reilly, Kevin P. Reilly, Jr., members of our Board of Directors Anna Reilly and Wendell Reilly, and entities owned by each of them and members of their respective immediate families, holds the remaining minority stake in RTC of approximately 11%. On May 31, 2019, RTC acquired EATELCORP, LLC (“EATEL”) and its subsidiaries. EATEL provides phone and internet services to consumers and businesses in Louisiana. EATEL also provides data back-up and recovery services to businesses. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company was a customer of EATEL for data back-up and recovery services. The aggregate amount paid by the Company to EATEL for such services was $84 and $228 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company was also contracted by EATEL to provide advertising services in the aggregate amount of $206 and $154 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company had $274 and $158 receivables from employees or executive officers at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

On July 12, 2021, Lamar invested $30,000 to acquire a 20% minority interest in Vistar Media, a leading global developer of programmatic technology for the digital out-of-home sector. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $12,050, $13,074 and $10,586, respectively, from advertisements generated through Vistar's programmatic technology platform. We also incurred expenses of $1,134, $1,167 and $880 related to these advertisements for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

On July 16, 1999, the Board of Directors designated 5,720 shares of the 1,000,000 shares of previously undesignated preferred stock, par value $.001, as Series AA preferred stock, which shares were subsequently exchanged on a one for one basis in the REIT conversion. The Series AA preferred stock ranks senior to the Class A common stock and Class B common stock with respect to dividends and upon liquidation. Holders of Series AA preferred stock are entitled to receive, on a pari passu basis, dividends at the rate of $15.95 per share per quarter when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors. The Series AA preferred stock is entitled to receive, on a pari passu basis, $638 plus a further amount equal to any dividend accrued and unpaid to the date of distribution before any payments are made or assets distributed to the Class A common stock or Class B stock upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. The liquidation value of the outstanding Series AA preferred stock at December 31, 2023 was $3,649. The Series AA preferred stock is entitled to one vote per share.

All of the outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable. In the event of the liquidation or dissolution of the Company, following any required distribution to the holders of outstanding shares of preferred stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to share pro rata in any balance of the corporate assets available for distribution to them. The Company may pay dividends if, when and as declared by the Board of Directors from funds legally available therefore, subject to the restrictions set forth in the Company’s existing indentures and the senior credit facility. Subject to the preferential rights of the holders of any class of preferred stock, holders of shares of common stock are entitled to receive such dividends as may be declared by the Company’s Board of Directors out of funds legally available for such purpose. No dividend may be declared or paid in cash or property on any share of either class of common stock unless simultaneously the same dividend is declared or paid on each share of the other class of common stock, provided that, in the event of stock dividends, holders of a specific class of common stock shall be entitled to receive only additional shares of such class.

The rights of the Class A and Class B common stock are equal in all respects, except holders of Class B common stock have ten votes per share on all matters in which the holders of common stock are entitled to vote and holders of Class A common stock have one vote per share on such matters. The Class B common stock will convert automatically into Class A

common stock upon the sale or transfer to persons other than permitted transferees (as defined in the Company’s certificate of incorporation, as amended).

On June 21, 2021, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the "2021 Sales Agreement") with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Wells Fargo Securities LLC, Truist Securities, Inc., SMBC Nikko Securities America, Inc. and Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. as our sales agents (each a "Sales Agent", and collectively, the "Sales Agents"), which replaced the prior Sales Agreement with substantially similar terms. Under the terms of the 2021 Sales Agreement, the Company may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of its Class A common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $400,000, through the Sales Agents as either agents or principals.

Sales of the Class A Common Stock, if any, may be made in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at-the-market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made directly on or through the Nasdaq Global Select Market and any other existing trading market for the Class A Common Stock, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the Class A common stock under the 2021 Sales Agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the 2021 Sales Agreement.

As of December 31, 2023, no shares of our Class A common stock have been sold under the 2021 Sales Agreement and accordingly $400,000 remained available to be sold under the 2021 Sales Agreement as of December 31, 2023.

On June 21, 2021, the Company filed an automatically effective shelf registration statement that allows Lamar Advertising to offer and sell an indeterminate amount of additional shares of its Class A common stock. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not issue any shares under this shelf registration.

On March 16, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $250,000 of the Company’s Class A common stock. On February 23, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the extension of the repurchase program through September 30, 2024. There were no repurchases under the program as of December 31, 2023.

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Stock Compensation Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Compensation Plans

Stock Compensation Plans

Equity Incentive Plan. Lamar’s 1996 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, (the “1996 Plan”) has reserved 17.5 million shares of Class A common stock for issuance to directors and employees, including shares underlying granted options and common stock reserved for issuance under its performance-based incentive and LTIP Unit programs. Options granted under the 1996 Plan expire ten years from the grant date with vesting terms ranging from three to five years which primarily includes 1) options that vest in one-fifth increments beginning on the grant date and continuing on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date and 2) options that cliff-vest on the fifth anniversary of the grant date. All grants are made at fair market value based on the closing price of our Class A common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date of grant.

In February 2013, the 1996 Plan was amended to eliminate the provision that limited the amount of Class A common stock, including shares retained from an award, that could be withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations to the minimum tax obligations required by law (except with respect to option awards). In accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, the Company is required to classify the awards affected by the amendment as liability-classified awards at fair value each period prior to their settlement. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded a liability, in accrued expenses, of $7,936 and $12,216, respectively, related to its equity incentive awards affected by this amendment.

We use a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to estimate the fair value of share-based awards. The Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model incorporates various highly subjective assumptions, including expected term and expected volatility. We have reviewed our historical pattern of option exercises and have determined that meaningful differences in option exercise activity existed among vesting schedules. Therefore, for all stock options granted after January 1, 2006, we have categorized these awards into two groups of vesting 1) 5-year cliff vest and 2) 4-year graded vest, for valuation purposes. We have determined there were no meaningful differences in employee activity under our ESPP due to the nature of the plan.

We estimate the expected term of options granted using an implied life derived from the results of a hypothetical mid-point settlement scenario, which incorporates our historical exercise, expiration and post-vesting employment termination patterns, while accommodating for partial life cycle effects. We believe these estimates will approximate future behavior.

We estimate the expected volatility of our Class A common stock at the grant date using a blend of 90% historical volatility of our Class A common stock and 10% implied volatility of publicly traded options with maturities greater than six months on our Class A common stock as of the option grant date. Our decision to use a blend of historical and implied volatility was based upon the volume of actively traded options on our common stock and our belief that historical volatility alone may not be completely representative of future stock price trends.

Our risk-free interest rate assumption is determined using the Federal Reserve nominal rates for U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bonds with maturities similar to those of the expected term of the award being valued. We assumed an expected dividend yield of 5%.

We estimate option forfeitures at the time of grant and periodically revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. We record stock based compensation expense only for those awards expected to vest using an estimated forfeiture rate based on our historical forfeiture data.

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions used:

Grant Year	Dividend Yield	Expected Volatility	Risk Free Interest Rate	Expected Lives
2023	5%	45%	4%	6
2022	5%	45%	2%	6
2021	5%	45%	2%	6

Information regarding stock options under the 1996 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Life
Outstanding, beginning of year	410,900	$	83.39
Granted	49,500	87.82
Exercised	(60,385)	71.21
Forfeited	(7,200)	84.09
Expired	(1,800)	84.09
Outstanding, end of year	391,015	$	85.81	6.38
Exercisable at end of year	261,915	$	80.28	5.43

At December 31, 2023 there was $2,784 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options granted which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.72 years.

Shares available for future stock option, LTIP Units and restricted share grants to employees and directors under existing plans were 1,701,476 at December 31, 2023. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding as of December 31, 2023 was $8,941 and the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable was $7,248. Total intrinsic value of options exercised was $1,830 for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Information regarding LTIP Units under the 1996 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of year	88,000	$	88.49
Granted	88,000	102.51
Exercised	—	—
Outstanding, end of year	176,000	$	95.50
Vested at end of year	88,000	$	88.49

At December 31, 2023 there was $603 of unrecognized compensation cost related to LITP Units granted which is expected to be recognized in the first half of 2024.

The fair value of LTIP Units granted and vested as of December 31, 2023 was $9,021 and $7,787, respectively, based on the weighted average grant date fair value per unit.

Stock Purchase Plan. On May 30, 2019, our shareholders approved Lamar Advertising’s 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2019 ESPP”). The number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2019 ESPP was automatically increased by 87,327 shares on January 1, 2023 pursuant to the automatic increase provisions of the 2019 ESPP.

The following is a summary of 2019 ESPP share activity for the year ended December 31, 2023:

	Shares
Available for future purchases, January 1, 2023	301,971
Additional shares reserved under 2019 ESPP	87,327
Purchases	(147,006)
Available for future purchases, December 31, 2023	242,292

Performance-based compensation. Unrestricted shares of our Class A common stock may be awarded to key officers, employees and directors under our 1996 Plan based on certain Company performance measures for fiscal year 2023. The number of shares to be issued, if any, are generally dependent on the level of achievement of these performance measures as determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee based on our 2023 results and are issued in the first half of 2024. The shares subject to these awards generally can range from a minimum of 0% to a maximum of 100% of the target number of shares depending on the level at which the goals are attained. Based on the Company’s performance measures achieved through December 31, 2023, the Company recorded $11,677, $11,545 and $29,324 as stock-based compensation expense related to these agreements for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

LTIP Units. In addition to performance-based compensation, the Company may issue LTIP Units of the OP, a subsidiary of the Company, to certain officers, employees and directors under the 1996 Plan. Such LTIP Units are subject to vesting and forfeiture conditions based on performance criteria approved by the Compensation Committee, which mirrors the performance criteria applicable to the Company's performance-based compensation, as described above. LTIP Units are a class of units intended to qualify as "profits interests" of the OP. The LTIP Units convert into Common Units of the OP upon the occurrence of certain events. Common Units are redeemable by the holder for shares of the Company's Class A common stock after a holding period of twelve months, or may be paid out in cash at the option of the general partner of the OP. As of December 31, 2023, the OP issued a total of 176,000 LTIP Units to the Company's executive officers, of which 88,000 LTIP units have vested. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $5,347 and $5,897, respectively, as stock-based compensation expense related to these LTIP Units.

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Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Benefit Plans

Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors a partially self-insured group health insurance program. The Company is obligated to pay all claims under the program, which are in excess of premiums, up to program limits. The Company is also self-insured with respect to its income disability benefits and against casualty losses on advertising structures. Amounts for expected losses, including a provision for losses incurred but not reported, is included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2023, the Company maintained $5,537 in letters of credit with a bank to meet requirements of the Company’s worker’s compensation and general liability insurance carrier.

Savings and Profit Sharing Plan

The Company sponsors The Lamar Corporation Savings and Profit Sharing Plan covering eligible employees who have completed one year of service and are at least 21 years of age. The Company has the option to match 50% of employees’ contributions up to 5% of eligible compensation. Employees can contribute up to 100% of compensation. Full vesting on the Company’s matched contributions occurs after three years for contributions made after January 1, 2002. Annually, at the Company’s discretion, an additional profit sharing contribution may be made on behalf of each eligible employee. The Company matched contributions of $7,265, $6,780 and $5,811 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Deferred Compensation Plan

The Company sponsors a Deferred Compensation Plan for the benefit of certain of its board-elected officers who meet specific age and years of service and other criteria. Officers that have attained the age of 30 and have a minimum of 10 years of service to the Company and satisfy additional eligibility guidelines are eligible for annual contributions to the plan generally ranging from $3 to $8, depending on the employee’s length of service. The Company’s contributions to the plan are maintained in a rabbi trust and, accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the plan are reflected in the balance sheet of the Company in other assets and other liabilities. Upon termination, death or disability, participating employees are eligible to receive an amount equal to the fair market value of the assets in the employee’s deferred compensation account. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company contributed $1,880, $1,637 and $1,540, respectively.

On December 8, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Lamar Deferred Compensation Plan in order to (1) to comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 409A”) applicable to deferred compensation and (2) to reflect changes in the administration of the plan. The Company’s Board of Directors also approved the adoption of a grantor trust pursuant to which amounts may be set aside, but remain subject to claims of the Company’s creditors, for payments of liabilities under the new plan, including amounts contributed under the old plan. The plan was further amended in August 2007 to make certain amendments to reflect Section 409A regulations issued on April 10, 2007. An additional clarifying amendment was made to the plan in December 2013.

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Commitment and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitment and Contingencies

Commitment and Contingencies

Off balance sheet arrangements

Our off balance sheet commitments consist of guaranteed minimum payments to local transit municipalities and airport authorities for agreements which entitle us to rent advertising space to customers, in airports and on buses, benches or shelters. Also included are other contractual agreements that occur in the ordinary course of business which do not meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842. The following is a summary of the minimum payments related to these agreements.

2024	$	49,520
2025	$	43,533
2026	$	30,057
2027	$	19,855
2028	$	16,790
Thereafter	$	45,734

Legal matters

The Company is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

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Distribution Restrictions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Distribution Restrictions [Abstract]

Distribution Restrictions

Distribution Restrictions

Lamar Media’s ability to make distributions to Lamar Advertising is restricted under both the terms of the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes and by the terms of the senior credit facility. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, Lamar Media was permitted under the terms of its outstanding senior subordinated and senior notes to make transfers to Lamar Advertising in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances in amounts up to $4,438,406 and $4,187,593, respectively.

As of December 31, 2023, the senior credit facility allows Lamar Media to make transfers to Lamar Advertising in any taxable year up to the amount of Lamar Advertising’s taxable income (without any deduction for dividends paid). In addition, as of December 31, 2023, transfers to Lamar Advertising are permitted under the senior credit facility and as defined therein up to the available cumulative credit, as long as no default has occurred and is continuing and, after giving effect to such distributions, (i) the total debt ratio is less than 7.0 to 1 and (ii) the secured debt ratio does not exceed 4.5 to 1. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total debt ratio was less than 7.0 to 1 and Lamar Media’s secured debt ratio was less than 4.5 to 1, and the available cumulative credit was $3,188,886 and $2,938,073, respectively.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s financial instruments included cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, investments, accounts payable and borrowings. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt approximated carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Investments and initial recognition of asset retirement obligations are reported at fair values. Fair values for investments held at cost are not readily available, but are estimated to approximate fair value. The estimated fair value of the Company’s long-term debt (including current maturities) was $3,206,117, which is less than both the gross and carrying amount of $3,370,372 as of December 31, 2023. The majority of the fair value is determined using observed prices of publicly traded debt (level 1 in the fair value hierarchy) and the remaining is valued based on quoted prices for similar debt (level 2 in the fair value hierarchy).

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Information about Geographic Areas

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Information about Geographic Areas

Information about Geographic Areas

Revenues from external customers attributable to foreign countries totaled $30,568, $29,465 and $24,354 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net carrying value of long-lived assets located in foreign countries totaled $13,930 and $11,763 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. All other revenues from external customers and long-lived assets relate to domestic operations.

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New Accounting Pronouncements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Abstract]

New Accounting Pronouncements

New Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which provides guidance on the recognition and measurement of contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination. At the acquisition date, the acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts as if the acquirer had originated the contracts. The guidance also provides certain practical expedients for acquirers when recognizing and measuring acquired contract assets and contract liabilities from revenue contracts in a business combination. This guidance is effective for public entities as of December 15, 2022. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires Companies to disclose disaggregated information related to the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. This guidance is effective for public entities as of December 15, 2024. We do not anticipate the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

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Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

SCHEDULE II

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Costs and Expenses	Deductions	Balance at End of Period
Year ended December 31, 2023
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	11,418	12,737	11,678	$	12,477
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	4,435	898	—	$	5,333
Year ended December 31, 2022
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	11,195	9,013	8,790	$	11,418
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	19,433	—	14,998	$	4,435
Year ended December 31, 2021
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	14,946	4,527	8,278	$	11,195
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	20,997	—	1,564	$	19,433

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Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SEC Schedule, 12-28, Real Estate Companies, Investment in Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

SCHEDULE III

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

Description(1)	Encumbrances	Initial Cost(2)	Gross Carrying Amount(3)		Accumulated Depreciation		Construction Date	Acquisition Date	Useful Lives
363,496 Displays	—	—	$	3,883,556	$	(2,529,560)	Various	Various	5 to 20 years

(1)No single asset exceeded 5% of the total gross carrying amount at December 31, 2023

(2)This information is omitted, as it would be impracticable to compile such information on a site-by-site basis

(3)Includes sites under construction

The following table summarizes activity for the Company’s real estate assets, which consists of advertising displays and the related accumulated depreciation.

	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Gross real estate assets:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	3,745,006	$	3,439,618	$	3,293,778
Capital expenditures on new advertising displays(4)	80,241		85,972		45,427
Capital expenditures on improvements/redevelopments of new/existing advertising displays	26,127		23,850		21,287
Capital expenditures other recurring(5)	42,703		141,030		88,697
Land acquisitions(6)	24,064		31,061		17,151
Acquisition of advertising displays(7)	9,285		64,223		17,662
Assets sold or written-off	(44,442)		(39,149)		(44,466)
Foreign exchange	572		(1,599)		82
Balance at the end of the year	$	3,883,556	$	3,745,006	$	3,439,618
Accumulated depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	2,440,956	$	2,287,590	$	2,192,700
Depreciation	124,072		185,820		126,805
Assets sold or written-off	(35,791)		(31,514)		(31,971)
Foreign exchange	323		(940)		56
Balance at the end of the year	$	2,529,560	$	2,440,956	$	2,287,590

(4)Includes non-cash amounts of $1,138, $2,367 and $1,541 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively

(5)Includes non-cash amounts of $1,186, $103,019 and $48,848 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to the revision in cost estimate included in the calculation of asset retirement obligations

(6)Includes preliminary allocation of assets acquired during 2022 and 2021

(7)Includes non-cash amounts of $3,052, $11,132 and $3,843 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively

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Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Subsidiary)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]

Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies

(a)Nature of Business

Lamar Advertising Company (the Company) is engaged in the outdoor advertising business, operating approximately 160,400 billboard advertising displays in 45 states and Canada. The Company’s operating strategy is to be the leading provider of outdoor advertising services in the markets it serves.

In addition, the Company operates a logo sign business in 23 states throughout the United States and the province of Ontario, Canada and operates approximately 47,850 transit advertising displays in 24 states and Canada. Logo signs are erected pursuant to state-awarded service contracts on public rights-of-way near highway exits and deliver brand name information on available gas, food, lodging and camping services. Included in the Company’s logo sign business are tourism signing contracts. The Company provides transit advertising in airport terminals, on bus shelters, benches and buses in the markets it serves.

The Company operates as a Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and generally will not be subject to federal income taxes on its income and gains that the Company distributes to its stockholders, including the income derived from advertising rental revenue. However, even as a REIT, the Company will remain obligated to pay income taxes on earnings from the assets of its taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). In addition, the Company’s foreign assets and operations continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those assets are held or those operations are conducted.

On July 1, 2022, the Company's direct wholly owned subsidiary Lamar Media Corp. ("Lamar Media") entered into the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement (the "Partnership Agreement") of Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership (the "OP") as the initial limited partner, along with its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Advertising General Partner, LLC, as the general partner of the OP (the "General Partner"). Lamar Media formed the OP and contributed all of its assets to the OP in connection with the Company's reorganization (the "Reorganization") as a specific type of REIT known as an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust ("UPREIT"). The Company completed the Reorganization to facilitate tax-deferred contributions of properties to the OP in exchange for limited partnership interests in the OP. The Reorganization did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

(b)Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Lamar Advertising Company, its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Media, and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

An operating segment is a component of an enterprise:

•that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses;

•whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and

•for which discrete financial information is available.

We define the term ‘chief operating decision maker’ to be our executive management group, which consists of our Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Currently, all operations are reviewed on a consolidated basis for budget and business plan performance by our executive management group. Additionally, operational performance at the end of each reporting period is viewed in the aggregate by our management group. Any decisions related to changes in invested capital, personnel, operational improvement or training, or to allocate other company resources are made based on the combined results.

We operate in a single operating and reporting segment, advertising. We rent advertising space on billboards, buses, shelters, benches, logo plates and in airport terminals.

(c)Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

(d)Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is subject to an annual impairment test. The Company designated December 31 as the date of its annual goodwill impairment test. The Company is required to identify its reporting units and determine the carrying value of each reporting unit. The Company has identified two reporting units, Billboard operations and Logo operations, by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets, to those reporting units. The Company is required to determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company would be required to book an impairment loss.

The Company conducts a qualitative assessment by examining relevant events and circumstances which could have a negative impact on the Company’s goodwill, which includes macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, reporting unit dispositions and acquisitions, the market capitalization of the Company and other relevant events specific to the Company. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances described above, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of either of the Company's reporting units is less than its carrying amount, the Company will perform a quantitative impairment test. If industry and economic conditions deteriorate, the Company may be required to assess goodwill impairment before the next annual test, which could result in impairment charges.

The Company performed its annual measurement for impairment of the goodwill of its reporting units and concluded the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount at its annual impairment test date on December 31, 2023 and 2022; therefore, the Company was not required to recognize an impairment loss.

Intangible assets, consisting primarily of site locations, customer lists and contracts, and non-competition agreements are amortized using the straight-line method over the assets' estimated useful lives, generally from 2 to 15 years.

(e)Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, lease right of use assets and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group before interest expense. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.

(f)Acquisitions

The Company accounts for transactions that meet the definition of a business and group asset purchases as acquisitions. For transactions that meet the definition of a business combination, the Company allocates the purchase price, including any contingent consideration, to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition with any excess of the purchase price paid over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. The determination of the final purchase price and the acquisition-date fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed may extend over more than one period and result in adjustments to the preliminary estimate recognized in the prior period financial statements. For transactions that meet the definition of asset group purchases, the Company proportionally allocates the purchase price to the assets based on relative fair value acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. If a transaction is determined to be a group of assets, any direct acquisition costs are capitalized. Transaction costs for transactions determined to be a business combination are expensed as incurred.

The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically determined by using either estimates of replacement costs or discounted cash flow valuation methods. When determining the fair value of tangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the cost to replace the asset with a new asset, adjusted for an estimated reduction in fair value due to age of the asset, and the economic useful life. When determining the fair value of intangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the applicable discount rate and the timing and amount of future cash flows.

(g)Lease Liabilities

The Company is party to various operating leases for production facilities, vehicles and sites upon which advertising structures are built, including our billboard land leases, leases of logo structures and leases of transit advertising space. The leases expire at various dates, have varying options to renew and cancel, and may contain escalation provisions. We expense our non-variable lease payments ratably over the lease term. Also, certain of our leases contain variable lease payments based on percentage of revenue or consumer price index or other inflation-based indices. The variable lease costs are expensed in the period incurred. Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification as part of the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements will not likely meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they will no longer be accounted for as a lease.

Financing lease right of use assets are amortized over the life of the lease which is recorded in depreciation and amortization on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Interest related to financing lease liabilities is recorded in interest expense on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

The key estimates for our leases include (1) the discount rate used to discount the unpaid lease payment to present value and (2) lease term. Our leases generally do not include a readily determinable implicit rate, therefore, using a portfolio approach, we determine our collateralized incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payment based on the information available at lease commencement. Our lease terms include the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Company option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend the lease controlled by the lessor. The Company has determined we are not reasonably certain to exercise renewals or termination options, and as a result we use the lease’s initial stated term as the lease term for our lease population.

(h)Deferred Income

Deferred income consists principally of advertising revenue invoiced in advance. Deferred advertising revenue is recognized in income over the term of the contract.

(i)Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes outdoor advertising revenue on an accrual basis ratably over the term of the contracts. Production revenue and the related expense for the advertising copy are recognized upon satisfaction of its performance obligation.

The Company engages in barter transactions where the Company trades advertising space for goods and services. The Company recognizes revenues and expenses from barter transactions at fair value, which is determined based on the Company’s own historical practice of receiving cash for similar advertising space from buyers unrelated to the party in the barter transaction. The amount of revenue and expense recognized for advertising barter transactions is as follows:

	2023		2022		2021
Net revenues	$	9,599	$	8,775	$	7,718
Direct advertising expenses	$	4,832	$	4,044	$	4,014
General and administrative expenses	$	4,044	$	3,904	$	3,112

(j)Income Taxes

As a REIT, the Company is generally not subject to federal income taxes on income and gains distributed to the Company’s stockholders. However, the Company remains obligated to pay income taxes on earnings from domestic TRSs. In addition, the Company’s foreign assets and operations continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those

assets are held or where those operations are conducted, including those designated as Qualified REIT Subsidiaries, or QRSs, for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements reflect provisions for federal, state, local and foreign income taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carry forwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

(k)Dividends/Distributions

As a REIT, the Company must annually distribute to its stockholders an amount equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for distributed earnings and excluding any net capital gain). During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company declared and paid distributions of its REIT taxable income of $510,251 or $5.00 per share, $508,249 or $5.00 per share and $404,809 or $4.00 per share, respectively. The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions will be at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and will be declared based upon various factors, a number of which may be beyond the Company’s control, including the financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain REIT status and reduce any income and excise taxes that the Company otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in its existing and future debt instruments, the Company’s ability to utilize net operating losses (“NOLs”) to offset, in whole or in part, the Company’s distribution requirements, limitations on its ability to fund distributions using cash generated through its TRSs, the impact of general economic conditions on the Company's operations and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant. During each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company paid dividend distributions to holders of its Series AA Preferred Stock of $365 or $63.80 per share.

(l)Earnings Per Share

The calculation of basic earnings per share excludes any dilutive effect of stock options, while diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of stock options. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 there were no dilutive shares excluded from the calculation.

(m)Stock Based Compensation

Compensation expense for share-based awards is recognized based on the grant date fair value of those awards. Stock based compensation expense includes an estimate for pre-vesting forfeitures and is recognized over the requisite service periods of the awards on a straight-line basis, which is generally commensurate with the vesting term. Non-cash compensation expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $22,649, $23,136 and $37,368, respectively. The $22,649 expensed during the year ended December 31, 2023 consists of (i) $4,855 related to stock options and the employee stock purchase plan, (ii) $11,677 related to stock grants made under the Company’s performance-based stock incentive program in 2023, (iii) $5,347 related to LTIP Units issued to the Company's executive officers, (iv) $55 related to non-performance restricted stock awards and (v) $715 related to restricted stock awards to directors. See Note 15 for information on the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock-based compensation.

(n)Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

(o)Credit Losses

The Company estimates credit losses on financial instruments based on amounts expected to be collected. The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on historical collections, accounts receivable aging, economic indicators, and expected future trends.

(p)Foreign Currency Translation

Local currencies generally are considered the functional currencies outside the United States. Assets and liabilities for operations in local-currency environments are translated at year-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. Foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and as a component of accumulated comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity.

(q)Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company is required to record the fair value of obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets in the period in which it is incurred. The liability is capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset’s carrying amount. Adjustments are made to the asset retirement obligation liability to reflect changes in the estimates of the retirement period and amount of expected cash flows, with an offsetting adjustment made to the related long-lived tangible asset. The significant assumptions used in estimating the Company's asset retirement obligations include the retirement period, cost of asset dismantlement, credit-adjusted risk-free interest rates, inflation and market risk. Over time, accretion of the liability is recognized as an operating expense and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the expected useful life of the related asset. The Company’s asset retirement obligations relate primarily to the dismantlement, removal, site reclamation and similar activities of its leased properties.

(r)Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(s)Comprehensive Income

Total comprehensive income is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and the components of accumulated comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. Comprehensive income is composed of foreign currency translation effects.

(t)Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments using the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

(u)    Investments

On July 12, 2021, Lamar invested $30,000 to acquire a 20% minority interest in Vistar Media, a leading global provider of programmatic technology for the digital out-of-home sector. This investment is accounted for as an equity method investment and is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, related to this investment, the Company recorded $4,107, $4,284 and $3,384, respectively, in equity in earnings of investee on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

(v)    Subsequent Events

The Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date on which the financial statements are issued.

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]

Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies

(a)Nature of Business

Lamar Media Corp. (“Lamar Media”) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lamar Advertising Company. Lamar Media is engaged in the outdoor advertising business operating approximately 160,400 outdoor advertising displays in 45 states and Canada. Lamar Media’s operating strategy is to be the leading provider of outdoor advertising services in the markets it serves.

In addition, Lamar Media operates a logo sign business in 23 states throughout the United States as well as the province of Ontario, Canada. Logo signs are erected pursuant to state-awarded service contracts on public rights-of-way near highway exits and deliver brand name information on available gas, food, lodging and camping services. Included in the Company’s logo sign business are tourism signing contracts. The Company provides transit advertising in airport terminals, on bus shelters, benches and buses in the markets it serves.

On July 1, 2022, Lamar Media entered into the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement (the "Partnership Agreement") of Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership (the "OP") as the initial limited partner, along with its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Advertising General Partner, LLC, as the general partner of the OP (the "General Partner"). Lamar Media formed the OP and contributed all of its assets to the OP in connection with the Company's reorganization (the "Reorganization") as a specific type of REIT known as an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust ("UPREIT"). The Company completed the Reorganization to facilitate tax-deferred contributions of properties to the OP in exchange for limited partnership interests in the OP. The Reorganization did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Certain footnotes are not provided for the accompanying financial statements as the information in notes 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 and portions of note 1 to the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Advertising Company included elsewhere in this filing are substantially equivalent to that required for the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Media Corp. Earnings per share data is not provided for the operating results of Lamar Media Corp. as it is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lamar Advertising Company.

(b)Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Lamar Media, its subsidiary, Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership, and Lamar Advertising Limited Partnerships' wholly owned subsidiaries, The Lamar Company, L.L.C., Lamar Central Outdoor, LLC, Lamar TRS Holdings, LLC, Lamar Advertising Southwest, Inc., Interstate Logos, L.L.C., Lamar Obie Company, LLC, Lamar Canadian Outdoor Company, Lamar Advertising of Puerto Rico, Inc., Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC, Fairway Media Group, LCC, Ashby Street Outdoor Holdings, LLC and their majority-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

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Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities (Subsidiary)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Non-Cash Financing Activities [Line Items]

Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities

Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there were no significant non-cash investing activities or significant non-cash financing activities.

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Non-Cash Financing Activities [Line Items]

Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities

Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities

There were no significant non-cash investing activities or significant non-cash financing activities during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Subsidiary)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill [Line Items]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Estimated Life (Years)	2023				2022
		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Amortizable Intangible Assets:
Customer lists and contracts	7 — 10	$	731,156	$	640,635	$	720,051	$	614,840
Non-competition agreements	3 — 15	71,960		66,455		71,599		65,647
Site locations	15	2,955,324		1,891,078		2,864,854		1,781,164
Other	2 — 15	52,578		41,416		52,164		40,392
		$	3,811,018	$	2,639,584	$	3,708,668	$	2,502,043
Unamortizable Intangible Assets:
Goodwill		$	2,288,807	$	253,536	$	2,288,805	$	253,536

The changes in the gross carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	2,189,962
Goodwill acquired during the year	99,003
Purchase price adjustments and other	(160)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	2,288,805
Purchase price adjustments and other	2
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	2,288,807

Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $140,033, $134,256 and $114,319, respectively. The following is a summary of the estimated amortization expense for future years:

2024	$	136,705
2025	133,235
2026	125,223
2027	121,230
2028	114,693
Thereafter	540,348
Total	$	1,171,434

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Goodwill [Line Items]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Estimated Life (Years)	2023				2022
		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Amortizable Intangible Assets:
Customer lists and contracts	7—10	$	731,156	$	640,635	$	720,051	$	614,840
Non-competition agreement	3—15	71,960		66,455		71,599		65,647
Site locations	15	2,955,324		1,891,078		2,864,854		1,781,164
Other	2—15	52,033		41,338		51,619		40,314
		$	3,810,473	$	2,639,506	$	3,708,123	$	2,501,965
Unamortizable Intangible Assets:
Goodwill		$	2,277,786	$	252,667	$	2,277,784	$	252,667

The changes in the gross carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	2,178,941
Goodwill acquired during the year	99,003
Purchase price adjustments and other	(160)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	2,277,784
Purchase price adjustments and other	2
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	2,277,786

XML

Accrued Expenses (Subsidiary)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accrued Expenses [Line Items]

Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses

The following is a summary of accrued expenses at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	2023		2022
Payroll	$	21,903	$	24,601
Interest	23,322		23,360
Insurance benefits	10,801		10,008
Accrued variable lease and contract expense	30,375		28,117
Stock-based compensation	7,936		12,216
Other	12,858		19,291
	$	107,195	$	117,593

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Accrued Expenses [Line Items]

Accrued Expenses

Accrued Expenses

The following is a summary of accrued expenses at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	2023		2022
Payroll	$	21,903	$	24,601
Interest	23,322		23,360
Accrued variable lease and contract expense	30,375		28,117
Non-cash compensation	7,936		12,216
Other	13,928		20,430
	$	97,464	$	108,724

XML

Long-term Debt (Subsidiary)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Long-term Debt

Long-term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	December 31, 2023
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	1,019,222	$	8,266	$	1,010,956
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		380		249,620
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		4,923		595,077
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,226		543,774
4% Senior Notes	549,516		5,675		543,841
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		3,775		396,225
Other notes with various rates and terms	1,634		—		1,634
	3,370,372		29,245		3,341,127
Less current maturities	(250,398)		(380)		(250,018)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,119,974	$	28,865	$	3,091,109

	December 31, 2022
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	993,970	$	8,171	$	985,799
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		593		249,407
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		6,000		594,000
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,982		543,018
4% Senior Notes	549,437		6,459		542,978
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		4,410		395,590
Other notes with various rates and terms	2,013		—		2,013
	3,345,420		32,615		3,312,805
Less current maturities	(250,378)		(593)		(249,785)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,095,042	$	32,022	$	3,063,020

Long-term debt contractual maturities are as follows:

	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
2024	$	399	$	—	$	399
2025	$	600,420	$	964	$	599,456
2026	$	442	$	—	$	442
2027	$	599,568	$	3,601	$	595,967
2028	$	670,000	$	9,004	$	660,996
Thereafter	$	1,499,543	$	15,676	$	1,483,867

Senior Credit Facility

On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”) with certain of Lamar Media’s subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto, under which the parties agreed to amend and restate Lamar Media’s

existing senior credit facility. The Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement amended and restated the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of May 15, 2017, as amended (the “Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”).

The senior credit facility, as established by the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “senior credit facility”), consists of (i) a $750,000 senior secured revolving credit facility which will mature on July 31, 2028, subject to certain conditions (see description of Amendment No. 4 below) (the “revolving credit facility”), (ii) a $600,000 senior secured Term B loan facility (the “Term B loans”) which will mature on February 6, 2027, (iii) a $350,000 senior secured Term A loan facility (the "Term A loans") which will mature on February 6, 2025, and (iv) an incremental facility (the “Incremental Facility”) pursuant to which Lamar Media may incur additional term loan tranches or increase its revolving credit facility subject to a pro forma secured debt ratio of 4.50 to 1.00, as well as certain other conditions including lender approval. Lamar Media borrowed all $600,000 in Term B loans on February 6, 2020. The entire amount of the Term B loans will be payable at maturity. The net proceeds from the Term B loans, together with borrowings under the revolving portion of the senior credit facility and a portion of the proceeds of the issuance of the 3 3/4% Senior Notes due 2028 and 4% Senior Notes due 2030 (both as described below), were used to repay all outstanding amounts under the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, and all revolving commitments under that facility were terminated.

The Term B loans mature on February 6, 2027 with no required amortization payments. The Term B loans bear interest at rates based on the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("Term SOFR") plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% (Term SOFR plus such credit spread adjustment, the "Adjusted Term SOFR Rate") or the Adjusted Base Rate, at Lamar Media’s option. Term B loans bearing interest at a rate based on Term SOFR bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50%. Term B loans bearing interest at a rate based on the Adjusted Base Rate bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50%.

The revolving credit facility bears interest at rates based on Term SOFR ("Term SOFR revolving loans”) or the Adjusted Base Rate (“Base Rate revolving loans”), at Lamar Media’s option. Term SOFR revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50% (or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.25% at any time the Total Debt Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). Base Rate revolving loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50% (or the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.25% at any time the total debt ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). The guarantees, covenants, events of default and other terms of the senior credit facility apply to the Term B loans and revolving credit facility.

On July 29, 2022, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 2 ("Amendment No. 2") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 2 established the Term A loans as a new class of incremental term loans. The Term A loans will mature on February 6, 2025 with no required amortization payments prior to maturity and bear interest at rates based on the Term SOFR ("Term SOFR Term A loans") or the Adjusted Base Rate ("Base Rate Term A loans"), at Lamar Media's option. Term SOFR Term A loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.50% (or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus 1.25% at any time the Total Debt Ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). Base Rate Term A loans bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.50% (or the Adjusted Base Rate plus 0.25% at any time the total debt ratio is less than or equal to 3.25 to 1). The covenants, events of default and other terms of the senior credit facility apply to the Term A loans. Lamar Media borrowed all $350,000 in Term A loans on July 29, 2022. The entire amount of the Term A loans will be payable at maturity. Proceeds from the Term A loans were used to repay outstanding balances on the revolving credit facility and a portion of the outstanding balance on the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

On April 26, 2023, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 3 ("Amendment No. 3") to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 3 replaced the London Interbank Offered Rates as administered by the ICE Benchmark Administration with Term SOFR as the successor rate, as set in the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. All other material terms and conditions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement remain unchanged by Amendment No. 3.

On July 31, 2023, Lamar Media entered into Amendment No. 4 ("Amendment No. 4"), to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with certain of Lamar Media's subsidiaries as guarantors, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as

administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. Amendment No. 4 extends the maturity date of Lamar Media's $750,000 revolving credit facility such that the revolving credit facility matures July 31, 2028; provided, that, if on the date (a "Springing Maturity Test Date") that is 91 days prior to either the then scheduled maturity date of Lamar Media's Term B loans (which is currently February 6, 2027) or the February 15, 2028 maturity date of Lamar Media's 3 3/4% Notes, the Company and its restricted subsidiaries do not have sufficient liquidity (defined as unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries plus unused commitments under the revolving credit facility) to repay in full the aggregate outstanding amount (including all accrued and unpaid interest, premiums and make-whole amounts (if any)) of the Term B loans or the 3 3/4% Notes (as applicable), the revolving credit facility will mature on such Springing Maturity Test Date. On the maturity date of the revolving credit facility, the entire principal amount of revolving loans outstanding under the revolving credit facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest on such revolving loans, will be due and payable.

Amendment No. 4 also establishes a $75,000 swingline as a sublimit of the revolving credit facility, which allows Lamar Media to borrow revolving loans on a same-day basis, in an aggregate outstanding principal amount of up to $75,000. In addition, Amendment No. 4 amends the provisions of the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement related to incremental facilities to allow Lamar Media to establish, from time to time, one or more new incremental revolving facilities on the terms, and subject to the conditions, set forth therein.

As of December 31, 2023, there were $70,000 in outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility. Availability under the revolving credit facility is reduced by the amount of any letters of credit outstanding. Lamar Media had $8,834 in letters of credit outstanding as of December 31, 2023 resulting in $671,166 of availability under the revolving credit facility. Revolving credit loans may be requested under the revolving credit facility at any time prior to its maturity on July 31, 2028.

The terms of Lamar Media’s senior credit facility and the indentures relating to Lamar Media’s outstanding notes restrict, among other things, the ability of Lamar Advertising and Lamar Media to:

•dispose of assets;

•incur or repay debt;

•create liens;

•make investments; and

•pay dividends.

The senior credit facility contains provisions that allow Lamar Media to conduct its affairs in a manner that allows Lamar Advertising to qualify and remain qualified as a REIT, including by allowing Lamar Media to make distributions to Lamar Advertising required for the Company to qualify and remain qualified for taxation as a REIT, subject to certain restrictions.

Lamar Media’s ability to make distributions to Lamar Advertising is also restricted under the terms of these agreements. Under the senior credit facility, the Company must maintain a specified secured debt ratio as long as a revolving credit commitment, revolving loan or letter of credit remains outstanding, and in addition, must satisfy a total debt ratio in order to incur debt, make distributions or make certain investments.

Lamar Advertising and Lamar Media were in compliance with all of the terms of their indentures and the senior credit facility provisions during the periods presented.

Accounts Receivable Securitization Program

On December 18, 2018, Lamar Media entered into a $175,000 Receivable Financing Agreement (the "Receivable Financing Agreement") with its wholly-owned special purpose entities, Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC and Lamar TRS Receivables, LLC (the “Special Purpose Subsidiaries”) (the "Accounts Receivable Securitization Program"). The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is limited to the availability of eligible accounts receivable collateralizing the borrowings under the agreements governing the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

Pursuant to two separate Purchase and Sale Agreements dated December 18, 2018, each of which is among Lamar Media as initial Servicer, certain of Lamar Media’s subsidiaries and a Special Purpose Subsidiary, the subsidiaries sold substantially all of their existing and future accounts receivable balances to the Special Purpose Subsidiaries. The Special Purpose Subsidiaries use the accounts receivable balances to collateralize loans pursuant to the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Lamar Media retains the responsibility of servicing the accounts receivable balances pledged as collateral under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program and provides a performance guaranty.

On June 24, 2022, Lamar Media and the Special Purpose Subsidiaries entered into the Sixth Amendment (the "Sixth Amendment") to the Receivables Financing Agreement. The Sixth Amendment increased the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program from $175,000 to $250,000 and extended the maturity date of the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program to July 21, 2025. Additionally, the Sixth Amendment provides for the replacement of LIBOR-based interest rate mechanics with Term SOFR based interest rate mechanics for the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program.

As of December 31, 2023, there was $250,000 outstanding aggregate borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. Lamar Media had no additional availability for borrowing under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program as of December 31, 2023. The commitment fees based on the amount of unused commitments under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program were immaterial during the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program will mature on July 21, 2025. Lamar Media may amend the facility to extend the maturity date, enter into a new securitization facility with a different maturity date, or refinance the indebtedness outstanding under the Accounts Receivable Securitization Program using borrowings under its senior credit facility or from other financing sources.

The Accounts Receivable Securitization Program is accounted for as a collateralized financing activity, rather than a sale of assets, and therefore: (i) accounts receivable balances pledged as collateral are presented as assets and the borrowings are presented as liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income reflect the associated charges for bad debt expense (a component of general and administrative expenses) related to the pledged accounts receivable and interest expense associated with the collateralized borrowings and (iii) receipts from customers related to the underlying accounts receivable are reflected as operating cash flows and borrowings and repayments under the collateralized loans are reflected as financing cash flows within our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

5 3/4% Senior Notes

On January 28, 2016, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $400,000 aggregate principal amount of 5 3/4% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Original 5 3/4 % Notes”). The institutional private placement resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $394,500.

On February 1, 2019, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of an additional $250,000 aggregate principal amount under its 5 3/4% Notes (the “Additional 5 3/4% Notes”, and together with the Original 5 3/4% Notes, the "5 3/4% Notes"). Other than with respect to the date of issuance, issue price and CUSIP number, the Additional 5 3/4% Notes have the same terms as the Original 5 3/4% Notes. The net proceeds after underwriting fees and expenses, was approximately $251,500.

On February 3, 2021, Lamar Media redeemed in full all $650,000 aggregate principal amount 5 3/4% Notes. The 5 3/4% Notes redemption was completed using the proceeds received from the 3 5/8% Notes offering completed on January 22, 2021 (as described below), together with cash on hand and borrowings under the revolving credit facility and Accounts Receivable Securitization Program. The 5 3/4% Notes were redeemed at a redemption price equal to 102.875% of the aggregate principal amount of the outstanding notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to (but not including) the redemption date. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of approximately $21,604 related to the note redemption, of which $18,700 was in cash.

4% Senior Notes

On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $400,000 aggregate principal amount of 4% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “Original 4% Notes”). The institutional private placement on February 6, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $395,000.

On August 19, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of an additional $150,000 aggregate principal amount of its 4% Notes (the “Additional 4% Notes”, and together with the "Original 4% Notes, the "4% Notes"). Other than with respect to the date of issuance and issue price, the Additional 4% Notes have the same terms as the Original 4% Notes. The institutional private placement on August 19, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $146,900.

At any time prior to February 15, 2025, Lamar Media may redeem some or all of the 4% Notes at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a make-whole premium. On or after February 15, 2025, Lamar Media may redeem the 4% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 4% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 4% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 4% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.

3 3/4% Senior Notes

On February 6, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $600,000 aggregate principal amount of 3 3/4% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “3 3/4% Notes”). The institutional private placement on February 6, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $592,500.

On or after February 15, 2023, Lamar Media may redeem the 3 3/4% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 3 3/4% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 3 3/4% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 3 3/4% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.

4 7/8% Senior Notes

On May 13, 2020, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $400,000 aggregate principal amount of 4 7/8% Senior Notes due 2029 (the “4 7/8% Notes”). The institutional private placement on May 13, 2020 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $395,000.

At any time prior to January 15, 2024, Lamar Media may redeem some or all of the 4 7/8% Notes at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a make-whole premium. On or after January 15, 2024, Lamar Media may redeem the 4 7/8% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 4 7/8% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder’s 4 7/8% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 4 7/8% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.

3 5/8% Senior Notes

On January 22, 2021, Lamar Media completed an institutional private placement of $550,000 aggregate principal amount of 3 5/8% Senior Notes due 2031 (the "3 5/8% Notes"). The institutional private placement on January 22, 2021 resulted in net proceeds to Lamar Media of approximately $542,500.

Lamar Media may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 3 5/8% Notes, at any time and from time to time, at a price equal to 103.625% of the aggregate principal amount so redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, with the net cash proceeds of certain public equity offerings completed before January 15, 2024 provided that following the redemption, at least 60% of the 3 5/8% Notes that were originally issued remain outstanding and any such redemption occurs within 120 days following the closing of any such public equity offering. At any time prior to January 15, 2026, Lamar Media may redeem some or all of the 3 5/8% Notes at a price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and a make-whole premium. On or after January 15, 2026, Lamar Media may redeem

the 3 5/8% Notes, in whole or in part, in cash at redemption prices specified in the 3 5/8% Notes. In addition, if the Company or Lamar Media undergoes a change of control, Lamar Media may be required to make an offer to purchase each holder's 3 5/8% Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the 3 5/8% Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest, up to but not including the repurchase date.

Debt Repurchase Program

On March 16, 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized Lamar Media to repurchase up to $250,000 outstanding senior or senior subordinated notes and other indebtedness outstanding from time to time under its Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. On February 23, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the extension of the repurchase program through September 30, 2024. There were no repurchases under the program as of December 31, 2023.

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Long-term Debt

Long-term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	December 31, 2023
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	1,019,222	$	8,266	$	1,010,956
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		380		249,620
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		4,923		595,077
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,226		543,774
4% Senior Notes	549,516		5,675		543,841
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		3,775		396,225
Other notes with various rates and terms	1,634		—		1,634
	3,370,372		29,245		3,341,127
Less current maturities	(250,398)		(380)		(250,018)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,119,974	$	28,865	$	3,091,109
	December 31, 2022
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	993,970	$	8,171	$	985,799
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		593		249,407
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		6,000		594,000
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,982		543,018
4% Senior Notes	549,437		6,459		542,978
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		4,410		395,590
Other notes with various rates and terms	2,013		—		2,013
	3,345,420		32,615		3,312,805
Less current maturities	(250,378)		(593)		(249,785)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,095,042	$	32,022	$	3,063,020

Long-term debt contractual maturities are as follows:

	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
2024	$	399	$	—	$	399
2025	$	600,420	$	964	$	599,456
2026	$	442	$	—	$	442
2027	$	599,568	$	3,601	$	595,967
2028	$	670,000	$	9,004	$	660,996
Later years	$	1,499,543	$	15,676	$	1,483,867

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Related Party Transactions (Subsidiary)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

Affiliates, as used within these statements, are persons or entities that are affiliated with Lamar Advertising Company or its subsidiaries through common ownership and directorate control.

RTC Holdings, LLC (“RTC”), a telecommunications company, is 100% owned by entities owned by members of the Reilly family. Entities owned by Sean E. Reilly, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company; Kevin P. Reilly, Jr., Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors; and members of their respective immediate families hold a majority stake in RTC of approximately 89%. The Reilly Family, LLC, which is owned by Sean E. Reilly, Kevin P. Reilly, Jr., members of our Board of Directors Anna Reilly and Wendell Reilly, and entities owned by each of them and members of their respective immediate families, holds the remaining minority stake in RTC of approximately 11%. On May 31, 2019, RTC acquired EATELCORP, LLC (“EATEL”) and its subsidiaries. EATEL provides phone and internet services to consumers and businesses in Louisiana. EATEL also provides data back-up and recovery services to businesses. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company was a customer of EATEL for data back-up and recovery services. The aggregate amount paid by the Company to EATEL for such services was $84 and $228 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company was also contracted by EATEL to provide advertising services in the aggregate amount of $206 and $154 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company had $274 and $158 receivables from employees or executive officers at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

On July 12, 2021, Lamar invested $30,000 to acquire a 20% minority interest in Vistar Media, a leading global developer of programmatic technology for the digital out-of-home sector. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $12,050, $13,074 and $10,586, respectively, from advertisements generated through Vistar's programmatic technology platform. We also incurred expenses of $1,134, $1,167 and $880 related to these advertisements for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

Affiliates, as used within these statements, are persons or entities that are affiliated with Lamar Media Corp. or its subsidiaries through common ownership and directorate control.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was a payable to Lamar Advertising Company, its parent, in the amount of $1,009 and $1,871, respectively.

Effective December 31, 2023 and 2022, Lamar Advertising Company contributed $42,627 and $60,273, respectively, to Lamar Media which resulted in an increase in Lamar Media’s additional paid-in capital.

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Summarized Financial Information of Subsidiaries (Subsidiary)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Summarized Financial Information of Subsidiaries

Summarized Financial Information of Subsidiaries

Separate condensed consolidating financial information for Lamar Media, subsidiary guarantors and non-guarantor subsidiaries are presented below. Lamar Media and its subsidiary guarantors have fully and unconditionally guaranteed Lamar Media’s obligations with respect to its publicly issued notes. All guarantees are joint and several. As a result of these guarantee arrangements, we are required to present the following condensed consolidating financial information. The following condensed consolidating financial information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes. The condensed consolidating financial information is provided as an alternative to providing separate financial statements for guarantor subsidiaries. Separate financial statements of Lamar Media’s subsidiary guarantors are not included because the guarantees are full and unconditional and the subsidiary guarantors are 100% owned and jointly and severally liable for Lamar Media’s outstanding publicly issued notes. The accounts for all companies reflected herein are presented using the equity method of accounting for investments in subsidiaries.

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
ASSETS
Total current assets	$	33,875	$	28,905	$	309,906	$	—	$	372,686
Net property, plant and equipment	—		1,548,946		17,524		—		1,566,470
Operating lease right of use assets	—		1,281,503		33,930		—		1,315,433
Intangibles and goodwill, net	—		3,179,107		16,979		—		3,196,086
Other assets	4,596,516		349,680		249,662		(5,099,653)		96,205
Total assets	$	4,630,391	$	6,388,141	$	628,001	$	(5,099,653)	$	6,546,880
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	—	$	398	$	249,620	$	—	$	250,018
Current operating lease liabilities	—		202,992		7,576		—		210,568
Other current liabilities	45,225		184,018		14,337		—		243,580
Total current liabilities	45,225		387,408		271,533		—		704,166
Long-term debt	3,089,874		1,235		—		—		3,091,109
Operating lease liabilities	—		1,050,330		24,955		—		1,075,285
Other noncurrent liabilities	285,929		424,532		343,253		(587,171)		466,543
Total liabilities	3,421,028		1,863,505		639,741		(587,171)		5,337,103
Stockholder's equity	1,209,363		4,524,636		(11,740)		(4,512,482)		1,209,777
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity	$	4,630,391	$	6,388,141	$	628,001	$	(5,099,653)	$	6,546,880

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
ASSETS
Total current assets	$	39,829	$	36,667	$	287,556	$	—	$	364,052
Net property, plant and equipment	—		1,483,395		16,304		—		1,499,699
Operating lease right of use assets	—		1,252,414		19,217		—		1,271,631
Intangibles and goodwill, net	—		3,214,284		16,991		—		3,231,275
Other assets	4,514,221		325,052		250,056		(4,997,514)		91,815
Total assets	$	4,554,050	$	6,311,812	$	590,124	$	(4,997,514)	$	6,458,472
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	—	$	378	$	249,407	$	—	$	249,785
Current operating lease liabilities	—		198,320		7,518		—		205,838
Other current liabilities	23,360		222,871		15,314		—		261,545
Total current liabilities	23,360		421,569		272,239		—		717,168
Long-term debt	3,061,385		1,635		—		—		3,063,020
Operating lease liabilities	—		1,025,385		10,270		—		1,035,655
Other noncurrent liabilities	281,804		418,163		301,957		(546,796)		455,128
Total liabilities	3,366,549		1,866,752		584,466		(546,796)		5,270,971
Stockholder's equity	1,187,501		4,445,060		5,658		(4,450,718)		1,187,501
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity	$	4,554,050	$	6,311,812	$	590,124	$	(4,997,514)	$	6,458,472

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

for the Year Ended December 31, 2023

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Statement of Income
Net revenues	$	—	$	2,069,600	$	44,068	$	(2,681)	$	2,110,987
Operating expenses (income)
Direct advertising expenses(1)	—		667,962		31,518		(2,681)		696,799
General and administrative expenses(1)	—		336,623		8,157		—		344,780
Corporate expenses(1)	—		104,023		1,505		—		105,528
Depreciation and amortization	—		289,257		4,166		—		293,423
Gain on disposition of assets	—		(5,476)		2		—		(5,474)
	—		1,392,389		45,348		(2,681)		1,435,056
Operating income (loss)	—		677,211		(1,280)		—		675,931
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		—		—		—		115
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	(655,864)		—		—		655,864		—
Interest expense (income), net	159,489		(1,934)		14,842		—		172,397
Equity in earnings of investee	—		(3,696)		—		—		(3,696)
Income (loss) before income tax expense	496,260		682,841		(16,122)		(655,864)		507,115
Income tax expense(2)	—		9,511		271		—		9,782
Net income (loss)	496,260		673,330		(16,393)		(655,864)		497,333
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	—		387		686		—		1,073
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest	$	496,260	$	672,943	$	(17,079)	$	(655,864)	$	496,260
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	$	496,260	$	673,330	$	(16,393)	$	(655,864)	$	497,333
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		231		—		231
Total comprehensive income (loss)	496,260		673,330		(16,162)		(655,864)		497,564
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	—		387		686		—		1,073
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to controlling interest	$	496,260	$	672,943	$	(16,848)	$	(655,864)	$	496,491

(1)Caption is exclusive of depreciation and amortization.

(2)The income tax expense reflected in each column does not include any tax effect of the equity in earnings from subsidiaries.

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

for the Year Ended December 31, 2022

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Statement of Income
Net revenues	$	—	$	1,992,900	$	41,789	$	(2,549)	$	2,032,140
Operating expenses (income)
Direct advertising expenses(1)	—		639,948		29,889		(2,549)		667,288
General and administrative expenses(1)	—		343,188		7,435		—		350,623
Corporate expenses(1)	—		99,392		2,606		—		101,998
Depreciation and amortization	—		345,857		3,592		—		349,449
Gain on disposition of assets	—		(3,235)		(12,486)		—		(15,721)
	—		1,425,150		31,036		(2,549)		1,453,637
Operating income	—		567,750		10,753		—		578,503
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	(561,545)		—		—		561,545		—
Interest expense (income), net	122,396		(531)		4,352		—		126,217
Equity in earnings of investee	—		(4,315)		—		—		(4,315)
Income (loss) before income tax expense	439,149		572,596		6,401		(561,545)		456,601
Income tax expense(2)	—		10,970		6,482		—		17,452
Net income (loss)	$	439,149	$	561,626	$	(81)	$	(561,545)	$	439,149
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	$	439,149	$	561,626	$	(81)	$	(561,545)	$	439,149
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		(1,514)		—		(1,514)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	439,149	$	561,626	$	(1,595)	$	(561,545)	$	437,635

(1)Caption is exclusive of depreciation and amortization.

(2)The income tax expense reflected in each column does not include any tax effect of the equity in earnings from subsidiaries.

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

for the Year Ended December 31, 2021

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Statement of Income
Net revenues	$	—	$	1,752,106	$	37,055	$	(1,760)	$	1,787,401
Operating expenses (income)
Direct advertising expenses(1)	—		552,953		25,314		(1,760)		576,507
General and administrative expenses(1)	—		322,278		4,358		—		326,636
Corporate expenses(1)	—		91,479		1,595		—		93,074
Depreciation and amortization	—		267,141		4,153		—		271,294
Gain on disposition of assets	—		(1,965)		(150)		—		(2,115)
	—		1,231,886		35,270		(1,760)		1,265,396
Operating income	—		520,220		1,785		—		522,005
Loss on extinguishment of debt	21,604		—		—		—		21,604
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	(515,288)		—		—		515,288		—
Interest expense (income), net	104,776		(44)		889		—		105,621
Equity in earnings of investee	—		(3,384)		—		—		(3,384)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)	388,908		523,648		896		(515,288)		398,164
Income tax expense (benefit)(2)	—		9,556		(300)		—		9,256
Net income (loss)	$	388,908	$	514,092	$	1,196	$	(515,288)	$	388,908
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	$	388,908	$	514,092	$	1,196	$	(515,288)	$	388,908
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		(79)		—		(79)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	388,908	$	514,092	$	1,117	$	(515,288)	$	388,829

(1)Caption is exclusive of depreciation and amortization.

(2)The income tax expense (benefit) reflected in each column does not include any tax effect of the equity in earnings from subsidiaries.

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2023

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	600,132	$	924,435	$	(34,965)	$	(733,292)	$	756,310
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	—		(173,253)		(5,018)		—		(178,271)
Acquisitions	—		(138,961)		—		—		(138,961)
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	—		7,051		—		—		7,051
Investment in subsidiaries	(138,961)		—		—		138,961		—
(Increase) decrease in intercompany notes receivable	(15,589)		—		—		15,589		—
Decrease in notes receivable	—		62		—		—		62
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(154,550)		(305,101)		(5,018)		154,550		(310,119)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	403,000		—		—		—		403,000
Payment on revolving credit facility	(378,000)		—		—		—		(378,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	—		(381)		—		—		(381)
Principal payments on financing leases	—		(1,331)		—		—		(1,331)
Payment on accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		(114,900)		—		(114,900)
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		114,900		—		114,900
Debt issuance costs	(2,926)		—		(25)		—		(2,951)
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	—		(23,416)		39,005		(15,589)		—
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		(440)		(616)		—		(1,056)
Dividends (to) from parent	(516,240)		(733,292)		—		733,292		(516,240)
Contributions from (to) parent	42,627		138,961		—		(138,961)		42,627
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(451,539)		(619,899)		38,364		578,742		(454,332)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	—		—		127		—		127
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(5,957)		(565)		(1,492)		—		(8,014)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	39,729		1,285		11,105		—		52,119
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	33,772	$	720	$	9,613	$	—	$	44,105

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2022

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	586,773	$	875,208	$	(20,112)	$	(702,003)	$	739,866
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	—		(162,515)		(4,563)		—		(167,078)
Acquisitions	—		(479,766)		—		—		(479,766)
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	—		3,358		12,291		—		15,649
Investment in subsidiaries	(479,766)		—		—		479,766		—
Decrease (increase) in intercompany notes receivable	81,526		—		—		(81,526)		—
Decrease in notes receivable	—		58		12,066		—		12,124
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(398,240)		(638,865)		19,794		398,240		(619,071)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	445,000		—		—		—		445,000
Payment on revolving credit facility	(575,000)		—		—		—		(575,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	—		(365)		—		—		(365)
Principal payments on financing leases	—		(1,331)		—		—		(1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans	350,000		—		—		—		350,000
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		265,000		—		265,000
Payment on accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		(190,000)		—		(190,000)
Debt issuance costs	(1,347)		—		(236)		—		(1,583)
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	—		(14,619)		(66,907)		81,526		—
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		—		(814)		—		(814)
Dividends (to) from parent	(518,753)		(702,003)		—		702,003		(518,753)
Contributions from (to) parent	60,273		479,766		—		(479,766)		60,273
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(239,827)		(238,552)		7,043		303,763		(167,573)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	—		—		(391)		—		(391)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(51,294)		(2,209)		6,334		—		(47,169)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	91,023		3,494		4,771		—		99,288
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	39,729	$	1,285	$	11,105	$	—	$	52,119

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2021

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	596,116	$	849,072	$	(21,301)	$	(708,341)	$	715,546
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions	—		(312,257)		—		—		(312,257)
Capital expenditures	—		(119,728)		(6,362)		—		(126,090)
Payment for investments in equity securities	—		(30,000)		—		—		(30,000)
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	—		6,480		—		—		6,480
Investment in subsidiaries	(342,257)		—		—		342,257		—
Decrease (increase) in intercompany notes receivable	51,976		—		—		(51,976)		—
Decrease in notes receivable	—		107		—		—		107
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(290,281)		(455,398)		(6,362)		290,281		(461,760)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	200,000		—		—		—		200,000
Payment on revolving credit facility	(25,000)		—		—		—		(25,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	—		(378)		—		—		(378)
Principal payments on financing leases	—		(1,331)		—		—		(1,331)
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		180,000		—		180,000
Payment on accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		(127,500)		—		(127,500)
Debt issuance costs	(8,385)		—		(438)		—		(8,823)
Proceeds received from note offering	550,000		—		—		—		550,000
Redemption of senior notes and senior subordinated notes	(668,688)		—		—		—		(668,688)
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	—		(24,119)		(27,857)		51,976		—
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		—		(601)		—		(601)
Contributions from (to) parent	37,548		342,257		—		(342,257)		37,548
Dividends (to) from parent	(410,875)		(708,341)		—		708,341		(410,875)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(325,400)		(391,912)		23,604		418,060		(275,648)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	—		—		81		—		81
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(19,565)		1,762		(3,978)		—		(21,781)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of  period	110,588		1,732		8,749		—		121,069
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	91,023	$	3,494	$	4,771	$	—	$	99,288

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Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Subsidiary)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

SCHEDULE II

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Costs and Expenses	Deductions	Balance at End of Period
Year ended December 31, 2023
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	11,418	12,737	11,678	$	12,477
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	4,435	898	—	$	5,333
Year ended December 31, 2022
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	11,195	9,013	8,790	$	11,418
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	19,433	—	14,998	$	4,435
Year ended December 31, 2021
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	14,946	4,527	8,278	$	11,195
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	20,997	—	1,564	$	19,433

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

SCHEDULE II

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

	Balance at Beginning of Period		Charged to Costs and Expenses	Deductions	Balance at End of Period
Year ended December 31, 2023
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	11,418	12,737	11,678	$	12,477
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	4,435	898	—	$	5,333
Year ended December 31, 2022
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	11,195	9,013	8,790	$	11,418
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	19,433	—	14,998	$	4,435
Year ended December 31, 2021
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	14,946	4,527	8,278	$	11,195
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets:
Valuation allowance	$	20,997	—	1,564	$	19,433

XML

Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation (Subsidiary)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SEC Schedule III, Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]

Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

SCHEDULE III

LAMAR ADVERTISING COMPANY

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

Description(1)	Encumbrances	Initial Cost(2)	Gross Carrying Amount(3)		Accumulated Depreciation		Construction Date	Acquisition Date	Useful Lives
363,496 Displays	—	—	$	3,883,556	$	(2,529,560)	Various	Various	5 to 20 years

(1)No single asset exceeded 5% of the total gross carrying amount at December 31, 2023

(2)This information is omitted, as it would be impracticable to compile such information on a site-by-site basis

(3)Includes sites under construction

The following table summarizes activity for the Company’s real estate assets, which consists of advertising displays and the related accumulated depreciation.

	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Gross real estate assets:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	3,745,006	$	3,439,618	$	3,293,778
Capital expenditures on new advertising displays(4)	80,241		85,972		45,427
Capital expenditures on improvements/redevelopments of new/existing advertising displays	26,127		23,850		21,287
Capital expenditures other recurring(5)	42,703		141,030		88,697
Land acquisitions(6)	24,064		31,061		17,151
Acquisition of advertising displays(7)	9,285		64,223		17,662
Assets sold or written-off	(44,442)		(39,149)		(44,466)
Foreign exchange	572		(1,599)		82
Balance at the end of the year	$	3,883,556	$	3,745,006	$	3,439,618
Accumulated depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	2,440,956	$	2,287,590	$	2,192,700
Depreciation	124,072		185,820		126,805
Assets sold or written-off	(35,791)		(31,514)		(31,971)
Foreign exchange	323		(940)		56
Balance at the end of the year	$	2,529,560	$	2,440,956	$	2,287,590

(4)Includes non-cash amounts of $1,138, $2,367 and $1,541 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively

(5)Includes non-cash amounts of $1,186, $103,019 and $48,848 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to the revision in cost estimate included in the calculation of asset retirement obligations

(6)Includes preliminary allocation of assets acquired during 2022 and 2021

(7)Includes non-cash amounts of $3,052, $11,132 and $3,843 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

SEC Schedule III, Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]

Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

SCHEDULE III

LAMAR MEDIA CORP.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

Description(1)	Encumbrances	Initial Cost(2)	Gross Carrying Amount(3)		Accumulated Depreciation		Construction Date	Acquisition Date	Useful Lives
363,496 Displays	—	—	$	3,883,556	$	(2,529,560)	Various	Various	5 to 20 years

(1)No single asset exceeded 5% of the total gross carrying amount at December 31, 2023

(2)This information is omitted, as it would be impracticable to compile such information on a site-by-site basis

(3)Includes sites under construction

The following table summarizes activity for the Company’s real estate assets, which consists of advertising displays and the related accumulated depreciation.

	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Gross real estate assets:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	3,745,006	$	3,439,618	$	3,293,778
Capital expenditures on new advertising displays(4)	80,241		85,972		45,427
Capital expenditures on improvements/redevelopments of new/existing advertising displays	26,127		23,850		21,287
Capital expenditures other recurring(5)	42,703		141,030		88,697
Land acquisitions(6)	24,064		31,061		17,151
Acquisition of advertising displays(7)	9,285		64,223		17,662
Assets sold or written-off	(44,442)		(39,149)		(44,466)
Foreign exchange	572		(1,599)		82
Balance at the end of the year	$	3,883,556	$	3,745,006	$	3,439,618
Accumulated depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	2,440,956	$	2,287,590	$	2,192,700
Depreciation	124,072		185,820		126,805
Assets sold or written-off	(35,791)		(31,514)		(31,971)
Foreign exchange	323		(940)		56
Balance at the end of the year	$	2,529,560	$	2,440,956	$	2,287,590

(4)Includes non-cash amounts of $1,138, $2,367 and $1,541 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively

(5)Includes non-cash amounts of $1,186, $103,019 and $48,848 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to the revision in cost estimate included in the calculation of asset retirement obligations

(6)Includes preliminary allocation of assets acquired during 2022 and 2021

(7)Includes non-cash amounts of $3,052, $11,132 and $3,843 at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively

XML

Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]

Nature of Business

Nature of Business

Lamar Advertising Company (the Company) is engaged in the outdoor advertising business, operating approximately 160,400 billboard advertising displays in 45 states and Canada. The Company’s operating strategy is to be the leading provider of outdoor advertising services in the markets it serves.

In addition, the Company operates a logo sign business in 23 states throughout the United States and the province of Ontario, Canada and operates approximately 47,850 transit advertising displays in 24 states and Canada. Logo signs are erected pursuant to state-awarded service contracts on public rights-of-way near highway exits and deliver brand name information on available gas, food, lodging and camping services. Included in the Company’s logo sign business are tourism signing contracts. The Company provides transit advertising in airport terminals, on bus shelters, benches and buses in the markets it serves.

The Company operates as a Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and generally will not be subject to federal income taxes on its income and gains that the Company distributes to its stockholders, including the income derived from advertising rental revenue. However, even as a REIT, the Company will remain obligated to pay income taxes on earnings from the assets of its taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). In addition, the Company’s foreign assets and operations continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those assets are held or those operations are conducted.

On July 1, 2022, the Company's direct wholly owned subsidiary Lamar Media Corp. ("Lamar Media") entered into the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement (the "Partnership Agreement") of Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership (the "OP") as the initial limited partner, along with its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Advertising General Partner, LLC, as the general partner of the OP (the "General Partner"). Lamar Media formed the OP and contributed all of its assets to the OP in connection with the Company's reorganization (the "Reorganization") as a specific type of REIT known as an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust ("UPREIT"). The Company completed the Reorganization to facilitate tax-deferred contributions of properties to the OP in exchange for limited partnership interests in the OP. The Reorganization did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Lamar Advertising Company, its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Media, and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

An operating segment is a component of an enterprise:

•that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses;

•whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the enterprise’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and

•for which discrete financial information is available.

We define the term ‘chief operating decision maker’ to be our executive management group, which consists of our Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Currently, all operations are reviewed on a consolidated basis for budget and business plan performance by our executive management group. Additionally, operational performance at the end of each reporting period is viewed in the aggregate by our management group. Any decisions related to changes in invested capital, personnel, operational improvement or training, or to allocate other company resources are made based on the combined results.

We operate in a single operating and reporting segment, advertising. We rent advertising space on billboards, buses, shelters, benches, logo plates and in airport terminals.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is subject to an annual impairment test. The Company designated December 31 as the date of its annual goodwill impairment test. The Company is required to identify its reporting units and determine the carrying value of each reporting unit. The Company has identified two reporting units, Billboard operations and Logo operations, by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets, to those reporting units. The Company is required to determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company would be required to book an impairment loss.

The Company conducts a qualitative assessment by examining relevant events and circumstances which could have a negative impact on the Company’s goodwill, which includes macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, reporting unit dispositions and acquisitions, the market capitalization of the Company and other relevant events specific to the Company. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances described above, the Company determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of either of the Company's reporting units is less than its carrying amount, the Company will perform a quantitative impairment test. If industry and economic conditions deteriorate, the Company may be required to assess goodwill impairment before the next annual test, which could result in impairment charges.

The Company performed its annual measurement for impairment of the goodwill of its reporting units and concluded the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount at its annual impairment test date on December 31, 2023 and 2022; therefore, the Company was not required to recognize an impairment loss.

Intangible assets, consisting primarily of site locations, customer lists and contracts, and non-competition agreements are amortized using the straight-line method over the assets' estimated useful lives, generally from 2 to 15 years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, lease right of use assets and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group before interest expense. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions

The Company accounts for transactions that meet the definition of a business and group asset purchases as acquisitions. For transactions that meet the definition of a business combination, the Company allocates the purchase price, including any contingent consideration, to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition with any excess of the purchase price paid over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. The determination of the final purchase price and the acquisition-date fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed may extend over more than one period and result in adjustments to the preliminary estimate recognized in the prior period financial statements. For transactions that meet the definition of asset group purchases, the Company proportionally allocates the purchase price to the assets based on relative fair value acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. If a transaction is determined to be a group of assets, any direct acquisition costs are capitalized. Transaction costs for transactions determined to be a business combination are expensed as incurred.

The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically determined by using either estimates of replacement costs or discounted cash flow valuation methods. When determining the fair value of tangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the cost to replace the asset with a new asset, adjusted for an estimated reduction in fair value due to age of the asset, and the economic useful life. When determining the fair value of intangible assets acquired, the Company must estimate the applicable discount rate and the timing and amount of future cash flows.

Lease Liabilities

Lease Liabilities

The Company is party to various operating leases for production facilities, vehicles and sites upon which advertising structures are built, including our billboard land leases, leases of logo structures and leases of transit advertising space. The leases expire at various dates, have varying options to renew and cancel, and may contain escalation provisions. We expense our non-variable lease payments ratably over the lease term. Also, certain of our leases contain variable lease payments based on percentage of revenue or consumer price index or other inflation-based indices. The variable lease costs are expensed in the period incurred. Due to our election not to reassess conclusions about lease identification as part of the adoption of ASC 842, Leases, our transit agreements were accounted for as leases on January 1, 2019. As we enter into new or renew current transit agreements, those agreements will not likely meet the criteria of a lease under ASC 842, therefore they will no longer be accounted for as a lease.

Financing lease right of use assets are amortized over the life of the lease which is recorded in depreciation and amortization on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Interest related to financing lease liabilities is recorded in interest expense on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

The key estimates for our leases include (1) the discount rate used to discount the unpaid lease payment to present value and (2) lease term. Our leases generally do not include a readily determinable implicit rate, therefore, using a portfolio approach, we determine our collateralized incremental borrowing rate to discount the lease payment based on the information available at lease commencement. Our lease terms include the noncancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either a Company option to extend (or not to terminate) the lease that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, or an option to extend the lease controlled by the lessor. The Company has determined we are not reasonably certain to exercise renewals or termination options, and as a result we use the lease’s initial stated term as the lease term for our lease population.

Deferred Income

Deferred Income

Deferred income consists principally of advertising revenue invoiced in advance. Deferred advertising revenue is recognized in income over the term of the contract.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes outdoor advertising revenue on an accrual basis ratably over the term of the contracts. Production revenue and the related expense for the advertising copy are recognized upon satisfaction of its performance obligation.

The Company engages in barter transactions where the Company trades advertising space for goods and services. The Company recognizes revenues and expenses from barter transactions at fair value, which is determined based on the Company’s own historical practice of receiving cash for similar advertising space from buyers unrelated to the party in the barter transaction.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

As a REIT, the Company is generally not subject to federal income taxes on income and gains distributed to the Company’s stockholders. However, the Company remains obligated to pay income taxes on earnings from domestic TRSs. In addition, the Company’s foreign assets and operations continue to be subject to taxation in the foreign jurisdictions where those

assets are held or where those operations are conducted, including those designated as Qualified REIT Subsidiaries, or QRSs, for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements reflect provisions for federal, state, local and foreign income taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carry forwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities as a result of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Dividends/Distributions

Dividends/DistributionsAs a REIT, the Company must annually distribute to its stockholders an amount equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for distributed earnings and excluding any net capital gain). During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company declared and paid distributions of its REIT taxable income of $510,251 or $5.00 per share, $508,249 or $5.00 per share and $404,809 or $4.00 per share, respectively. The amount, timing and frequency of future distributions will be at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and will be declared based upon various factors, a number of which may be beyond the Company’s control, including the financial condition and operating cash flows, the amount required to maintain REIT status and reduce any income and excise taxes that the Company otherwise would be required to pay, limitations on distributions in its existing and future debt instruments, the Company’s ability to utilize net operating losses (“NOLs”) to offset, in whole or in part, the Company’s distribution requirements, limitations on its ability to fund distributions using cash generated through its TRSs, the impact of general economic conditions on the Company's operations and other factors that the Board of Directors may deem relevant.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

The calculation of basic earnings per share excludes any dilutive effect of stock options, while diluted earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of stock options. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 there were no dilutive shares excluded from the calculation.

Share Based Compensation

Stock Based CompensationCompensation expense for share-based awards is recognized based on the grant date fair value of those awards. Stock based compensation expense includes an estimate for pre-vesting forfeitures and is recognized over the requisite service periods of the awards on a straight-line basis, which is generally commensurate with the vesting term. Non-cash compensation expense recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $22,649, $23,136 and $37,368, respectively. The $22,649 expensed during the year ended December 31, 2023 consists of (i) $4,855 related to stock options and the employee stock purchase plan, (ii) $11,677 related to stock grants made under the Company’s performance-based stock incentive program in 2023, (iii) $5,347 related to LTIP Units issued to the Company's executive officers, (iv) $55 related to non-performance restricted stock awards and (v) $715 related to restricted stock awards to directors.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Credit Losses

Credit Losses

The Company estimates credit losses on financial instruments based on amounts expected to be collected. The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on historical collections, accounts receivable aging, economic indicators, and expected future trends.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation

Local currencies generally are considered the functional currencies outside the United States. Assets and liabilities for operations in local-currency environments are translated at year-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. Foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and as a component of accumulated comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity.

Asset Retirement Obligations

Asset Retirement Obligations

The Company is required to record the fair value of obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets in the period in which it is incurred. The liability is capitalized as part of the related long-lived asset’s carrying amount. Adjustments are made to the asset retirement obligation liability to reflect changes in the estimates of the retirement period and amount of expected cash flows, with an offsetting adjustment made to the related long-lived tangible asset. The significant assumptions used in estimating the Company's asset retirement obligations include the retirement period, cost of asset dismantlement, credit-adjusted risk-free interest rates, inflation and market risk. Over time, accretion of the liability is recognized as an operating expense and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the expected useful life of the related asset. The Company’s asset retirement obligations relate primarily to the dismantlement, removal, site reclamation and similar activities of its leased properties.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income

Total comprehensive income is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and the components of accumulated comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity. Comprehensive income is composed of foreign currency translation effects.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments using the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

Investments

InvestmentsOn July 12, 2021, Lamar invested $30,000 to acquire a 20% minority interest in Vistar Media, a leading global provider of programmatic technology for the digital out-of-home sector. This investment is accounted for as an equity method investment and is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

The Company has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date on which the financial statements are issued.

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]

Nature of Business

Nature of Business

Lamar Media Corp. (“Lamar Media”) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lamar Advertising Company. Lamar Media is engaged in the outdoor advertising business operating approximately 160,400 outdoor advertising displays in 45 states and Canada. Lamar Media’s operating strategy is to be the leading provider of outdoor advertising services in the markets it serves.

In addition, Lamar Media operates a logo sign business in 23 states throughout the United States as well as the province of Ontario, Canada. Logo signs are erected pursuant to state-awarded service contracts on public rights-of-way near highway exits and deliver brand name information on available gas, food, lodging and camping services. Included in the Company’s logo sign business are tourism signing contracts. The Company provides transit advertising in airport terminals, on bus shelters, benches and buses in the markets it serves.

On July 1, 2022, Lamar Media entered into the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement (the "Partnership Agreement") of Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership (the "OP") as the initial limited partner, along with its wholly owned subsidiary, Lamar Advertising General Partner, LLC, as the general partner of the OP (the "General Partner"). Lamar Media formed the OP and contributed all of its assets to the OP in connection with the Company's reorganization (the "Reorganization") as a specific type of REIT known as an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust ("UPREIT"). The Company completed the Reorganization to facilitate tax-deferred contributions of properties to the OP in exchange for limited partnership interests in the OP. The Reorganization did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Certain footnotes are not provided for the accompanying financial statements as the information in notes 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 and portions of note 1 to the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Advertising Company included elsewhere in this filing are substantially equivalent to that required for the consolidated financial statements of Lamar Media Corp. Earnings per share data is not provided for the operating results of Lamar Media Corp. as it is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lamar Advertising Company.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Lamar Media, its subsidiary, Lamar Advertising Limited Partnership, and Lamar Advertising Limited Partnerships' wholly owned subsidiaries, The Lamar Company, L.L.C., Lamar Central Outdoor, LLC, Lamar TRS Holdings, LLC, Lamar Advertising Southwest, Inc., Interstate Logos, L.L.C., Lamar Obie Company, LLC, Lamar Canadian Outdoor Company, Lamar Advertising of Puerto Rico, Inc., Lamar QRS Receivables, LLC, Fairway Media Group, LCC, Ashby Street Outdoor Holdings, LLC and their majority-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

XML

Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Revenue and Expense Recognized for Advertising Barter Transactions

The amount of revenue and expense recognized for advertising barter transactions is as follows:

	2023		2022		2021
Net revenues	$	9,599	$	8,775	$	7,718
Direct advertising expenses	$	4,832	$	4,044	$	4,014
General and administrative expenses	$	4,044	$	3,904	$	3,112

XML

Revenues (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation Revenue

The following table presents our disaggregated revenue by source for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

	2023		2022		2021
Billboard Advertising	$	1,877,823	$	1,813,995	$	1,613,554
Logo Advertising	82,324		80,145		78,180
Transit Advertising	150,840		138,000		95,667
Net Revenues	$	2,110,987	$	2,032,140	$	1,787,401

XML

Acquisitions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Summary of Allocation of Purchase Price/Acquisition Costs

The following is a summary of the allocation of the purchase price in the above transactions.

	Total
Property, plant and equipment	$	30,837
Goodwill	(50)
Site locations	90,152
Non-competition agreements	360
Customer lists and contracts	11,061
Asset acquisition costs	414
Current assets	8,410
Current liabilities	(3,851)
Operating lease right of use assets	11,016
Operating lease liabilities	(9,388)
	$	138,961

The following is a summary of the allocation of the purchase price in the above transactions, which includes the preliminary values for a business combination completed on December 9, 2022.

	Total
Property, plant and equipment	$	87,312
Goodwill	99,003
Site locations	246,288
Non-competition agreements	2,328
Customer lists and contracts	43,339
Asset acquisition costs	903
Current assets	2,177
Current liabilities	(12,677)
Operating lease right of use assets	79,960
Operating lease liabilities	(68,867)
	$	479,766

Summary of Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

These pro forma results do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had the acquisitions occurred on such date or to project the Company’s results of operations for any future period.

	2023		2022
	(unaudited)
Net revenues	$	2,117,677	$	2,074,229
Net income applicable to common stock	$	490,936	$	430,515
Net income per common share — basic	$	4.82	$	4.24
Net income per common share — diluted	$	4.81	$	4.24

The following unaudited pro forma financial information for the Company gives effect to the 2022 and 2021 acquisitions as if they had occurred on January 1, 2021. These pro forma results do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations which actually would have resulted had the acquisitions occurred on such date or to project the Company's results of operations for any future period.

	2022		2021
	(unaudited)
Net revenues	$	2,063,800	$	1,879,002
Net income applicable to common stock	$	429,726	$	373,476
Net income per common share — basic	$	4.23	$	3.69
Net income per common share — diluted	$	4.23	$	3.69

XML

Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Summary of Major Categories of Property, Plant and Equipment

Major categories of property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	Estimated Life (Years)	2023		2022
Land	—	$	482,424	$	459,370
Building and improvements	10 — 39	235,861		220,468
Advertising structures	5 — 15	3,401,132		3,285,636
Automotive and other equipment	3 — 7	155,414		143,672
		$	4,274,831	$	4,109,146

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Estimated Life (Years)	2023				2022
		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Amortizable Intangible Assets:
Customer lists and contracts	7 — 10	$	731,156	$	640,635	$	720,051	$	614,840
Non-competition agreements	3 — 15	71,960		66,455		71,599		65,647
Site locations	15	2,955,324		1,891,078		2,864,854		1,781,164
Other	2 — 15	52,578		41,416		52,164		40,392
		$	3,811,018	$	2,639,584	$	3,708,668	$	2,502,043
Unamortizable Intangible Assets:
Goodwill		$	2,288,807	$	253,536	$	2,288,805	$	253,536

Summary of Changes in Gross Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The changes in the gross carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	2,189,962
Goodwill acquired during the year	99,003
Purchase price adjustments and other	(160)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	2,288,805
Purchase price adjustments and other	2
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	2,288,807

Summary of Estimated Amortization Expense

The following is a summary of the estimated amortization expense for future years:

2024	$	136,705
2025	133,235
2026	125,223
2027	121,230
2028	114,693
Thereafter	540,348
Total	$	1,171,434

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Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Summary of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

The following is a summary of the maturities of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023:

2024	$	261,788
2025	194,702
2026	168,285
2027	144,511
2028	122,107
Thereafter	896,888
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	1,788,281
Less: Imputed interest	(502,428)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	1,285,853

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Accrued Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Summary of Accrued Expenses

The following is a summary of accrued expenses at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	2023		2022
Payroll	$	21,903	$	24,601
Interest	23,322		23,360
Insurance benefits	10,801		10,008
Accrued variable lease and contract expense	30,375		28,117
Stock-based compensation	7,936		12,216
Other	12,858		19,291
	$	107,195	$	117,593

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Long-term Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	December 31, 2023
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	1,019,222	$	8,266	$	1,010,956
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		380		249,620
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		4,923		595,077
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,226		543,774
4% Senior Notes	549,516		5,675		543,841
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		3,775		396,225
Other notes with various rates and terms	1,634		—		1,634
	3,370,372		29,245		3,341,127
Less current maturities	(250,398)		(380)		(250,018)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,119,974	$	28,865	$	3,091,109

	December 31, 2022
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	993,970	$	8,171	$	985,799
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		593		249,407
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		6,000		594,000
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,982		543,018
4% Senior Notes	549,437		6,459		542,978
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		4,410		395,590
Other notes with various rates and terms	2,013		—		2,013
	3,345,420		32,615		3,312,805
Less current maturities	(250,378)		(593)		(249,785)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,095,042	$	32,022	$	3,063,020

Summary of Long-Term Debt Contractual Maturities

Long-term debt contractual maturities are as follows:

	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
2024	$	399	$	—	$	399
2025	$	600,420	$	964	$	599,456
2026	$	442	$	—	$	442
2027	$	599,568	$	3,601	$	595,967
2028	$	670,000	$	9,004	$	660,996
Thereafter	$	1,499,543	$	15,676	$	1,483,867

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Asset Retirement Obligation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Asset Retirement Obligation Disclosure [Abstract]

Information Related to Asset Retirement Obligations

The following table reflects information related to our asset retirement obligations:

Balance at December 31, 2021	$	269,367
Additions to asset retirement obligations	9,676
Revision in estimates	110,321
Accretion expense	4,894
Liabilities settled	(3,816)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	390,442
Additions to asset retirement obligations	4,548
Revision in estimates	1,230
Accretion expense	7,210
Liabilities settled	(5,439)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	397,991

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Depreciation and Amortization (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization [Abstract]

Depreciation and Amortization Expense Excluded from Operating Expenses in its Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

The amounts of depreciation and amortization expense excluded from the following operating expenses in its Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Direct advertising expenses	$	273,297	$	330,357	$	253,850
General and administrative expenses	5,691		5,242		4,691
Corporate expenses	14,435		13,850		12,753
	$	293,423	$	349,449	$	271,294

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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Income tax expense consists of the following:

	Current		Deferred		Total
Year ended December 31, 2023
U.S. federal	$	6,223	$	1,280	$	7,503
State and local	2,035		(26)		2,009
Foreign	(860)		1,130		270
	$	7,398	$	2,384	$	9,782
Year ended December 31, 2022
U.S. federal	$	5,663	$	2,073	$	7,736
State and local	3,376		(136)		3,240
Foreign	5,201		1,275		6,476
	$	14,240	$	3,212	$	17,452
Year ended December 31, 2021
U.S. federal	$	4,723	$	620	$	5,343
State and local	3,958		254		4,212
Foreign	(999)		700		(299)
	$	7,682	$	1,574	$	9,256

U.S. and Foreign Components of Earnings Before Income Taxes

The U.S. and foreign components of earnings before income taxes are as follows:

	2023		2022		2021
U.S.	$	509,040	$	446,395	$	395,800
Foreign	(2,422)		9,704		1,546
Total	$	506,618	$	456,099	$	397,346

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

A reconciliation of significant differences between the reported amount of income tax expense and the expected amount of income tax expense that would result from applying the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21 percent to income before taxes for the 2023, 2022 and 2021 tax years is as follows:

	2023		2022		2021
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory rate	$	106,390	$	95,781	$	83,443
Tax adjustment related to REIT(a)	(101,486)		(86,793)		(83,153)
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	2,732		2,850		2,917
Book expenses not deductible for tax purposes	2,574		3,042		1,893
Stock-based compensation	513		(3,336)		3,555
Valuation allowance(b)	875		(14,984)		(1,564)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries(c)	(95)		(84)		292
Other differences, net(d)	(1,721)		20,976		1,873
Income tax expense	$	9,782	$	17,452	$	9,256

(a)Includes dividend paid deduction of $107,137, $106,129 and $85,087 for the tax years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(b)For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, a non-cash valuation allowance of $875, ($14,984) and ($1,564), respectively, was recorded to income tax expense due to our limited ability to utilize Puerto Rico and Canada deferred tax assets in future years.

(c)    Management does not assert that the undistributed earnings of our Canadian subsidiaries will be permanently reinvested. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recognized a deferred tax (benefit) expense of ($95), ($84) and $292, respectively, for future foreign withholding taxes related to undistributed earnings.

(d)    Under Section 1031.01(b)(10) of the 2011 Puerto Rico Code, net operating losses and the tax basis of any other assets shall be reduced for forgiveness of debt to the extent by which the taxpayer is insolvent. As a result, a non-cash expense of $15,201 was recorded to income tax expense for the reduction of Puerto Rico deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Puerto Rico income tax withholding rate applicable on the accrued interest of the debt is 29%. As a result, a cash expense of $5,068 was recorded to income tax expense.

Components of Deferred Taxes

The tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below:

	2023		2022
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	211	$	423
Net operating loss carry forwards	5,261		5,068
Tax credit carry forwards	1,202		1,364
Charitable contributions carry forward	2		1
Gross deferred tax assets	6,676		6,856
Less: valuation allowance	(5,333)		(4,435)
Net deferred tax assets	1,343		2,421
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles	(4,926)		(5,016)
Accrued liabilities not deducted for tax purposes	(2,133)		(2,222)
Investment in partnerships	(2,611)		(1,758)
Property, plant and equipment	(2,956)		(2,234)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries	(764)		(842)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(13,390)		(12,072)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(12,047)	$	(9,651)

Reconciliation Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	5,125
Additions for tax positions related to current year	718
Additions for tax positions related to prior years	1,142
Lapse of statute of limitations	(1,441)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	5,544
Additions for tax positions related to prior years	703
Lapse of statute of limitations	(1,815)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	4,432

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Stock Compensation Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Weighted Average Assumptions

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions used:

Grant Year	Dividend Yield	Expected Volatility	Risk Free Interest Rate	Expected Lives
2023	5%	45%	4%	6
2022	5%	45%	2%	6
2021	5%	45%	2%	6

Stock Option Transactions under Various Stock-Based Employee Compensation Plans

Information regarding stock options under the 1996 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Life
Outstanding, beginning of year	410,900	$	83.39
Granted	49,500	87.82
Exercised	(60,385)	71.21
Forfeited	(7,200)	84.09
Expired	(1,800)	84.09
Outstanding, end of year	391,015	$	85.81	6.38
Exercisable at end of year	261,915	$	80.28	5.43

Summary of LTIP Under 1996 Plan

Information regarding LTIP Units under the 1996 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows:

	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of year	88,000	$	88.49
Granted	88,000	102.51
Exercised	—	—
Outstanding, end of year	176,000	$	95.50
Vested at end of year	88,000	$	88.49

Summary of ESPP Share Activity

The following is a summary of 2019 ESPP share activity for the year ended December 31, 2023:

	Shares
Available for future purchases, January 1, 2023	301,971
Additional shares reserved under 2019 ESPP	87,327
Purchases	(147,006)
Available for future purchases, December 31, 2023	242,292

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Commitment and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Minimum Payments Related to Agreements

The following is a summary of the minimum payments related to these agreements.

2024	$	49,520
2025	$	43,533
2026	$	30,057
2027	$	19,855
2028	$	16,790
Thereafter	$	45,734

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Subsidiary) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill [Line Items]

Summary of Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Estimated Life (Years)	2023				2022
		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Amortizable Intangible Assets:
Customer lists and contracts	7 — 10	$	731,156	$	640,635	$	720,051	$	614,840
Non-competition agreements	3 — 15	71,960		66,455		71,599		65,647
Site locations	15	2,955,324		1,891,078		2,864,854		1,781,164
Other	2 — 15	52,578		41,416		52,164		40,392
		$	3,811,018	$	2,639,584	$	3,708,668	$	2,502,043
Unamortizable Intangible Assets:
Goodwill		$	2,288,807	$	253,536	$	2,288,805	$	253,536

Summary of Changes in Gross Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The changes in the gross carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	2,189,962
Goodwill acquired during the year	99,003
Purchase price adjustments and other	(160)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	2,288,805
Purchase price adjustments and other	2
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	2,288,807

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Goodwill [Line Items]

Summary of Intangible Assets

The following is a summary of intangible assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Estimated Life (Years)	2023				2022
		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Amortizable Intangible Assets:
Customer lists and contracts	7—10	$	731,156	$	640,635	$	720,051	$	614,840
Non-competition agreement	3—15	71,960		66,455		71,599		65,647
Site locations	15	2,955,324		1,891,078		2,864,854		1,781,164
Other	2—15	52,033		41,338		51,619		40,314
		$	3,810,473	$	2,639,506	$	3,708,123	$	2,501,965
Unamortizable Intangible Assets:
Goodwill		$	2,277,786	$	252,667	$	2,277,784	$	252,667

Summary of Changes in Gross Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The changes in the gross carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	2,178,941
Goodwill acquired during the year	99,003
Purchase price adjustments and other	(160)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	2,277,784
Purchase price adjustments and other	2
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	2,277,786

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Accrued Expenses (Subsidiary) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accrued Expenses [Line Items]

Summary of Accrued Expenses

The following is a summary of accrued expenses at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	2023		2022
Payroll	$	21,903	$	24,601
Interest	23,322		23,360
Insurance benefits	10,801		10,008
Accrued variable lease and contract expense	30,375		28,117
Stock-based compensation	7,936		12,216
Other	12,858		19,291
	$	107,195	$	117,593

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Accrued Expenses [Line Items]

Summary of Accrued Expenses

The following is a summary of accrued expenses at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	2023		2022
Payroll	$	21,903	$	24,601
Interest	23,322		23,360
Accrued variable lease and contract expense	30,375		28,117
Non-cash compensation	7,936		12,216
Other	13,928		20,430
	$	97,464	$	108,724

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Long-term Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	December 31, 2023
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	1,019,222	$	8,266	$	1,010,956
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		380		249,620
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		4,923		595,077
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,226		543,774
4% Senior Notes	549,516		5,675		543,841
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		3,775		396,225
Other notes with various rates and terms	1,634		—		1,634
	3,370,372		29,245		3,341,127
Less current maturities	(250,398)		(380)		(250,018)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,119,974	$	28,865	$	3,091,109

	December 31, 2022
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	993,970	$	8,171	$	985,799
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		593		249,407
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		6,000		594,000
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,982		543,018
4% Senior Notes	549,437		6,459		542,978
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		4,410		395,590
Other notes with various rates and terms	2,013		—		2,013
	3,345,420		32,615		3,312,805
Less current maturities	(250,378)		(593)		(249,785)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,095,042	$	32,022	$	3,063,020

Summary of Long-Term Debt Contractual Maturities

Long-term debt contractual maturities are as follows:

	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
2024	$	399	$	—	$	399
2025	$	600,420	$	964	$	599,456
2026	$	442	$	—	$	442
2027	$	599,568	$	3,601	$	595,967
2028	$	670,000	$	9,004	$	660,996
Thereafter	$	1,499,543	$	15,676	$	1,483,867

LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	December 31, 2023
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	1,019,222	$	8,266	$	1,010,956
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		380		249,620
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		4,923		595,077
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,226		543,774
4% Senior Notes	549,516		5,675		543,841
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		3,775		396,225
Other notes with various rates and terms	1,634		—		1,634
	3,370,372		29,245		3,341,127
Less current maturities	(250,398)		(380)		(250,018)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,119,974	$	28,865	$	3,091,109
	December 31, 2022
	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Senior Credit Facility	$	993,970	$	8,171	$	985,799
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program	250,000		593		249,407
3 3/4% Senior Notes	600,000		6,000		594,000
3 5/8% Senior Notes	550,000		6,982		543,018
4% Senior Notes	549,437		6,459		542,978
4 7/8% Senior Notes	400,000		4,410		395,590
Other notes with various rates and terms	2,013		—		2,013
	3,345,420		32,615		3,312,805
Less current maturities	(250,378)		(593)		(249,785)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	$	3,095,042	$	32,022	$	3,063,020

Summary of Long-Term Debt Contractual Maturities

Long-term debt contractual maturities are as follows:

	Debt		Deferred financing costs		Debt, net of deferred financing costs
2024	$	399	$	—	$	399
2025	$	600,420	$	964	$	599,456
2026	$	442	$	—	$	442
2027	$	599,568	$	3,601	$	595,967
2028	$	670,000	$	9,004	$	660,996
Later years	$	1,499,543	$	15,676	$	1,483,867

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Summarized Financial Information of Subsidiaries (Subsidiary) (Tables) - LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet (Subsidiary)

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2023

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
ASSETS
Total current assets	$	33,875	$	28,905	$	309,906	$	—	$	372,686
Net property, plant and equipment	—		1,548,946		17,524		—		1,566,470
Operating lease right of use assets	—		1,281,503		33,930		—		1,315,433
Intangibles and goodwill, net	—		3,179,107		16,979		—		3,196,086
Other assets	4,596,516		349,680		249,662		(5,099,653)		96,205
Total assets	$	4,630,391	$	6,388,141	$	628,001	$	(5,099,653)	$	6,546,880
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	—	$	398	$	249,620	$	—	$	250,018
Current operating lease liabilities	—		202,992		7,576		—		210,568
Other current liabilities	45,225		184,018		14,337		—		243,580
Total current liabilities	45,225		387,408		271,533		—		704,166
Long-term debt	3,089,874		1,235		—		—		3,091,109
Operating lease liabilities	—		1,050,330		24,955		—		1,075,285
Other noncurrent liabilities	285,929		424,532		343,253		(587,171)		466,543
Total liabilities	3,421,028		1,863,505		639,741		(587,171)		5,337,103
Stockholder's equity	1,209,363		4,524,636		(11,740)		(4,512,482)		1,209,777
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity	$	4,630,391	$	6,388,141	$	628,001	$	(5,099,653)	$	6,546,880

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
ASSETS
Total current assets	$	39,829	$	36,667	$	287,556	$	—	$	364,052
Net property, plant and equipment	—		1,483,395		16,304		—		1,499,699
Operating lease right of use assets	—		1,252,414		19,217		—		1,271,631
Intangibles and goodwill, net	—		3,214,284		16,991		—		3,231,275
Other assets	4,514,221		325,052		250,056		(4,997,514)		91,815
Total assets	$	4,554,050	$	6,311,812	$	590,124	$	(4,997,514)	$	6,458,472
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	—	$	378	$	249,407	$	—	$	249,785
Current operating lease liabilities	—		198,320		7,518		—		205,838
Other current liabilities	23,360		222,871		15,314		—		261,545
Total current liabilities	23,360		421,569		272,239		—		717,168
Long-term debt	3,061,385		1,635		—		—		3,063,020
Operating lease liabilities	—		1,025,385		10,270		—		1,035,655
Other noncurrent liabilities	281,804		418,163		301,957		(546,796)		455,128
Total liabilities	3,366,549		1,866,752		584,466		(546,796)		5,270,971
Stockholder's equity	1,187,501		4,445,060		5,658		(4,450,718)		1,187,501
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity	$	4,554,050	$	6,311,812	$	590,124	$	(4,997,514)	$	6,458,472

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Subsidiary)

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

for the Year Ended December 31, 2023

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Statement of Income
Net revenues	$	—	$	2,069,600	$	44,068	$	(2,681)	$	2,110,987
Operating expenses (income)
Direct advertising expenses(1)	—		667,962		31,518		(2,681)		696,799
General and administrative expenses(1)	—		336,623		8,157		—		344,780
Corporate expenses(1)	—		104,023		1,505		—		105,528
Depreciation and amortization	—		289,257		4,166		—		293,423
Gain on disposition of assets	—		(5,476)		2		—		(5,474)
	—		1,392,389		45,348		(2,681)		1,435,056
Operating income (loss)	—		677,211		(1,280)		—		675,931
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		—		—		—		115
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	(655,864)		—		—		655,864		—
Interest expense (income), net	159,489		(1,934)		14,842		—		172,397
Equity in earnings of investee	—		(3,696)		—		—		(3,696)
Income (loss) before income tax expense	496,260		682,841		(16,122)		(655,864)		507,115
Income tax expense(2)	—		9,511		271		—		9,782
Net income (loss)	496,260		673,330		(16,393)		(655,864)		497,333
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	—		387		686		—		1,073
Net income (loss) attributable to controlling interest	$	496,260	$	672,943	$	(17,079)	$	(655,864)	$	496,260
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	$	496,260	$	673,330	$	(16,393)	$	(655,864)	$	497,333
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		231		—		231
Total comprehensive income (loss)	496,260		673,330		(16,162)		(655,864)		497,564
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	—		387		686		—		1,073
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to controlling interest	$	496,260	$	672,943	$	(16,848)	$	(655,864)	$	496,491

(1)Caption is exclusive of depreciation and amortization.

(2)The income tax expense reflected in each column does not include any tax effect of the equity in earnings from subsidiaries.

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

for the Year Ended December 31, 2022

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Statement of Income
Net revenues	$	—	$	1,992,900	$	41,789	$	(2,549)	$	2,032,140
Operating expenses (income)
Direct advertising expenses(1)	—		639,948		29,889		(2,549)		667,288
General and administrative expenses(1)	—		343,188		7,435		—		350,623
Corporate expenses(1)	—		99,392		2,606		—		101,998
Depreciation and amortization	—		345,857		3,592		—		349,449
Gain on disposition of assets	—		(3,235)		(12,486)		—		(15,721)
	—		1,425,150		31,036		(2,549)		1,453,637
Operating income	—		567,750		10,753		—		578,503
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	(561,545)		—		—		561,545		—
Interest expense (income), net	122,396		(531)		4,352		—		126,217
Equity in earnings of investee	—		(4,315)		—		—		(4,315)
Income (loss) before income tax expense	439,149		572,596		6,401		(561,545)		456,601
Income tax expense(2)	—		10,970		6,482		—		17,452
Net income (loss)	$	439,149	$	561,626	$	(81)	$	(561,545)	$	439,149
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	$	439,149	$	561,626	$	(81)	$	(561,545)	$	439,149
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		(1,514)		—		(1,514)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	439,149	$	561,626	$	(1,595)	$	(561,545)	$	437,635

(1)Caption is exclusive of depreciation and amortization.

(2)The income tax expense reflected in each column does not include any tax effect of the equity in earnings from subsidiaries.

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

for the Year Ended December 31, 2021

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Statement of Income
Net revenues	$	—	$	1,752,106	$	37,055	$	(1,760)	$	1,787,401
Operating expenses (income)
Direct advertising expenses(1)	—		552,953		25,314		(1,760)		576,507
General and administrative expenses(1)	—		322,278		4,358		—		326,636
Corporate expenses(1)	—		91,479		1,595		—		93,074
Depreciation and amortization	—		267,141		4,153		—		271,294
Gain on disposition of assets	—		(1,965)		(150)		—		(2,115)
	—		1,231,886		35,270		(1,760)		1,265,396
Operating income	—		520,220		1,785		—		522,005
Loss on extinguishment of debt	21,604		—		—		—		21,604
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	(515,288)		—		—		515,288		—
Interest expense (income), net	104,776		(44)		889		—		105,621
Equity in earnings of investee	—		(3,384)		—		—		(3,384)
Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit)	388,908		523,648		896		(515,288)		398,164
Income tax expense (benefit)(2)	—		9,556		(300)		—		9,256
Net income (loss)	$	388,908	$	514,092	$	1,196	$	(515,288)	$	388,908
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	$	388,908	$	514,092	$	1,196	$	(515,288)	$	388,908
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		(79)		—		(79)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	388,908	$	514,092	$	1,117	$	(515,288)	$	388,829

(1)Caption is exclusive of depreciation and amortization.

(2)The income tax expense (benefit) reflected in each column does not include any tax effect of the equity in earnings from subsidiaries.

Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows (Subsidiary)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2022

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	586,773	$	875,208	$	(20,112)	$	(702,003)	$	739,866
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	—		(162,515)		(4,563)		—		(167,078)
Acquisitions	—		(479,766)		—		—		(479,766)
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	—		3,358		12,291		—		15,649
Investment in subsidiaries	(479,766)		—		—		479,766		—
Decrease (increase) in intercompany notes receivable	81,526		—		—		(81,526)		—
Decrease in notes receivable	—		58		12,066		—		12,124
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(398,240)		(638,865)		19,794		398,240		(619,071)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	445,000		—		—		—		445,000
Payment on revolving credit facility	(575,000)		—		—		—		(575,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	—		(365)		—		—		(365)
Principal payments on financing leases	—		(1,331)		—		—		(1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans	350,000		—		—		—		350,000
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		265,000		—		265,000
Payment on accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		(190,000)		—		(190,000)
Debt issuance costs	(1,347)		—		(236)		—		(1,583)
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	—		(14,619)		(66,907)		81,526		—
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		—		(814)		—		(814)
Dividends (to) from parent	(518,753)		(702,003)		—		702,003		(518,753)
Contributions from (to) parent	60,273		479,766		—		(479,766)		60,273
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(239,827)		(238,552)		7,043		303,763		(167,573)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	—		—		(391)		—		(391)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(51,294)		(2,209)		6,334		—		(47,169)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	91,023		3,494		4,771		—		99,288
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	39,729	$	1,285	$	11,105	$	—	$	52,119

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows for the Year Ended December 31, 2021

	Lamar Media Corp.		Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations		Lamar Media Consolidated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	596,116	$	849,072	$	(21,301)	$	(708,341)	$	715,546
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions	—		(312,257)		—		—		(312,257)
Capital expenditures	—		(119,728)		(6,362)		—		(126,090)
Payment for investments in equity securities	—		(30,000)		—		—		(30,000)
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	—		6,480		—		—		6,480
Investment in subsidiaries	(342,257)		—		—		342,257		—
Decrease (increase) in intercompany notes receivable	51,976		—		—		(51,976)		—
Decrease in notes receivable	—		107		—		—		107
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(290,281)		(455,398)		(6,362)		290,281		(461,760)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	200,000		—		—		—		200,000
Payment on revolving credit facility	(25,000)		—		—		—		(25,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	—		(378)		—		—		(378)
Principal payments on financing leases	—		(1,331)		—		—		(1,331)
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		180,000		—		180,000
Payment on accounts receivable securitization program	—		—		(127,500)		—		(127,500)
Debt issuance costs	(8,385)		—		(438)		—		(8,823)
Proceeds received from note offering	550,000		—		—		—		550,000
Redemption of senior notes and senior subordinated notes	(668,688)		—		—		—		(668,688)
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	—		(24,119)		(27,857)		51,976		—
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		—		(601)		—		(601)
Contributions from (to) parent	37,548		342,257		—		(342,257)		37,548
Dividends (to) from parent	(410,875)		(708,341)		—		708,341		(410,875)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(325,400)		(391,912)		23,604		418,060		(275,648)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	—		—		81		—		81
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(19,565)		1,762		(3,978)		—		(21,781)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of  period	110,588		1,732		8,749		—		121,069
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	91,023	$	3,494	$	4,771	$	—	$	99,288

XML

Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) billboard state reportingUnit transit $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jul. 12, 2021 USD ($)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of advertising displays | billboard	160,400
Number of states in which the company operates | state	45
Number of states in which the company operates logo sign business | state	23
Number of transit advertising displays | transit	47,850
Number of states in which the company operates transit advertising displays | state	24
Number of reporting units | reportingUnit	2
REIT threshold percentage of taxable income to be distributed to stockholders	90.00%
Dividends declared and paid	$ 510,251	$ 508,249	$ 404,809
Cash dividends declared per share of common stock (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.00	$ 5.00	$ 4.00
Distributions paid, preferred stockholders	$ 365	$ 365	$ 365
Distributions paid, preferred stockholders, per share (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 63.80	$ 63.80	$ 63.80
The number of dilutive shares excluded from calculation of basic earnings per share resulting from the anti-dilutive effect for stock options (in shares) | shares	0	0	0
Stock-based compensation	$ 22,649	$ 23,136	$ 37,368
Investment maturity period	3 months
Equity in earnings of investee	$ 4,107	$ 4,284	$ 3,384
Vistar Media | Related Party
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Equity method investment				$ 30,000
Minority interest, percentage				20.00%
Stock Options and Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	4,855
Performance-Based Stock Incentive Program
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	11,677
Long-Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	5,347
Non-Performance Restricted Stock Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	55
Restricted Stock Awards to Directors
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 715
Taxable Income Distribution
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Cash dividends paid per share of common stock (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.00	$ 5.00	$ 4.00
Cash dividends declared per share of common stock (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.00	$ 5.00	$ 4.00
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	2 years
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years

XML

Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue and Expense Recognized for Advertising Barter Transactions (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Net revenues	$ 9,599	$ 8,775	$ 7,718
Direct advertising expenses	4,832	4,044	4,014
General and administrative expenses	$ 4,044	$ 3,904	$ 3,112

XML

Revenues - Additional Information (Details) - ASC 606 - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Direct Advertising Expenses (Exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)
Capitalized Contract Cost [Line Items]
Contract cost expense net	$ 26,041	$ 24,546
Other Current Assets
Capitalized Contract Cost [Line Items]
Capitalized contract cost, net current	$ 26,349	$ 25,078

XML

Revenues - Disaggregation Revenue (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net Revenues	$ 2,110,987	$ 2,032,140	$ 1,787,401
Billboard Advertising
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net Revenues	1,877,823	1,813,995	1,613,554
Logo Advertising
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net Revenues	82,324	80,145	78,180
Transit Advertising
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net Revenues	$ 150,840	$ 138,000	$ 95,667

XML

Acquisitions - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 09, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Portion of acquired intangible assets assigned to goodwill	$ 2,035,271,000	$ 2,035,269,000
2023 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business combination, consideration transferred	138,961,000
Property, plant and equipment	30,837,000
Total acquired intangible assets	101,937,000
Portion of acquired intangible assets assigned to goodwill	(50,000)
Amount deductible for tax purposes	$ 0
Weighted average useful life	14 years
Aggregate amortization expense related to acquisition	$ 3,330,000
Total purchase price of outdoor advertising assets	$ 138,961,000
2023 Acquisitions | Customer lists and contracts
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted average useful life	7 years
Total acquired intangible assets	$ 11,061,000
2023 Acquisitions | Site locations
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted average useful life	15 years
Total acquired intangible assets	$ 90,152,000
December 9, 2022 Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment			$ 34,066,000
Other intangibles			28,130,000
Portion of acquired intangible assets assigned to goodwill			$ 30,458,000
Fairway Outdoor
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, cash		130,000,000
Standard Outdoor
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, cash		92,650,000
2022 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment		87,312,000
Total acquired intangible assets		391,861,000
Portion of acquired intangible assets assigned to goodwill		99,003,000
Amount deductible for tax purposes		$ 456,000
Weighted average useful life		14 years
Aggregate amortization expense related to acquisition		$ 14,605,000
Total purchase price of outdoor advertising assets		479,766,000
Cash acquired in acquisitions		6,904,000
Purchase price, non cash consideration		$ 99,003,000
2022 Acquisitions | Customer lists and contracts
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted average useful life		7 years
Total acquired intangible assets		$ 43,339,000
2022 Acquisitions | Site locations
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted average useful life		15 years
Total acquired intangible assets		$ 246,288,000

XML

Acquisitions - Summary of Allocation of Purchase Price (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 2,035,271	$ 2,035,269
2023 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	30,837
Goodwill	(50)
Asset acquisition costs	414
Current assets	8,410
Current liabilities	(3,851)
Operating lease right of use assets	11,016
Operating lease liabilities	(9,388)
Total purchase price of outdoor advertising assets	138,961
2023 Acquisitions | Site locations
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets	90,152
2023 Acquisitions | Non-competition agreements
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets	360
2023 Acquisitions | Customer lists and contracts
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets	$ 11,061
2022 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment		87,312
Goodwill		99,003
Asset acquisition costs		903
Current assets		2,177
Current liabilities		(12,677)
Operating lease right of use assets		79,960
Operating lease liabilities		(68,867)
Total purchase price of outdoor advertising assets		479,766
2022 Acquisitions | Site locations
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets		246,288
2022 Acquisitions | Non-competition agreements
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets		2,328
2022 Acquisitions | Customer lists and contracts
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite lived intangible assets		$ 43,339

XML

Acquisitions - Summary of Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
2023 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 2,117,677	$ 2,074,229
Net income applicable to common stock	$ 490,936	$ 430,515
Net income per common share — basic (in usd per share)	$ 4.82	$ 4.24
Net income per common share — diluted (in usd per share)	$ 4.81	$ 4.24
2022 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Net revenues		$ 2,063,800
Net income applicable to common stock		$ 429,726
Net income per common share — basic (in usd per share)		$ 4.23
Net income per common share — diluted (in usd per share)		$ 4.23
2021 Acquisitions
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Net revenues			$ 1,879,002
Net income applicable to common stock			$ 373,476
Net income per common share — basic (in usd per share)			$ 3.69
Net income per common share — diluted (in usd per share)			$ 3.69

XML

Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]
Non-cash investing activities	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Non-cash financing activity	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Property, Plant and Equipment - Summary of Major Categories of Property, Plant and Equipment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	$ 4,274,831	$ 4,109,146
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	482,424	459,370
Building and improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	$ 235,861	220,468
Building and improvements | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	10 years
Building and improvements | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	39 years
Advertising structures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	$ 3,401,132	3,285,636
Advertising structures | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	5 years
Advertising structures | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years
Automotive and other equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment	$ 155,414	$ 143,672
Automotive and other equipment | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	3 years
Automotive and other equipment | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	7 years

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Summary of Intangible Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 3,811,018	$ 3,708,668
Accumulated Amortization	2,639,584	2,502,043
Goodwill gross carrying amount	2,288,807	2,288,805	$ 2,189,962
Goodwill accumulated amortization	$ 253,536	253,536
Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	2 years
Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years
Customer lists and contracts
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 731,156	720,051
Accumulated Amortization	$ 640,635	614,840
Customer lists and contracts | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	7 years
Customer lists and contracts | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	10 years
Non-competition agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 71,960	71,599
Accumulated Amortization	$ 66,455	65,647
Non-competition agreements | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	3 years
Non-competition agreements | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years
Site locations
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 2,955,324	2,864,854
Accumulated Amortization	1,891,078	1,781,164
Other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	52,578	52,164
Accumulated Amortization	$ 41,416	$ 40,392
Other | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	2 years
Other | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Summary of Changes in Gross Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 2,288,805	$ 2,189,962
Goodwill acquired during the year		99,003
Purchase price adjustments and other	2	(160)
Goodwill, ending balance	$ 2,288,807	$ 2,288,805

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 140,033	$ 134,256	$ 114,319

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Summary of Estimated Amortization Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 136,705
2025	133,235
2026	125,223
2027	121,230
2028	114,693
Thereafter	540,348
Total	$ 1,171,434	$ 1,206,625

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Leases - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Base operating lease, cost	$ 311,640,000	$ 306,825,000	$ 290,036,000
Variable operating lease, cost	60,147,000	59,651,000	51,628,000
Operating lease, cost	371,787,000	366,476,000	341,664,000
Gain on disposition of assets	5,474,000	15,721,000	2,115,000
Operating lease, cash payments	341,741,000	307,581,000	296,460,000
Direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	$ 696,799,000	667,288,000	576,507,000
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term	12 years 4 months 24 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate	5.00%
Leased assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liability	$ 24,999,000	79,095,000
Operating lease, liability, reduction due to lease termination	10,635,000	5,090,000
Right-of-Use asset obtained in exchange for finance lease liability	$ 0	0
Finance lease, weighted average remaining lease term	3 years 10 months 24 days
Finance lease, weighted average discount rate, percent	3.10%
Finance lease amortization	$ 2,853,000
Interest expenses	504,000	544,000	585,000
Principal payments on financing leases	1,331,000	1,331,000	1,331,000
Non-lease transit payments	87,688,000	78,877,000	47,054,000
Advertising
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Direct advertising expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)	10,189,000	7,478,000	6,184,000
Termination of Lease Agreements
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Gain on disposition of assets	$ (295,000)	$ (824,000)	$ 241,000

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Leases - Summary of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Detail) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2024	$ 261,788
2025	194,702
2026	168,285
2027	144,511
2028	122,107
Thereafter	896,888
Total undiscounted operating lease payments	1,788,281
Less: Imputed interest	(502,428)
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 1,285,853

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Accrued Expenses - Summary of Accrued Expenses (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Payroll	$ 21,903	$ 24,601
Interest	23,322	23,360
Insurance benefits	10,801	10,008
Accrued variable lease and contract expense	30,375	28,117
Stock-based compensation	7,936	12,216
Other	12,858	19,291
Total accrued expenses	$ 107,195	$ 117,593

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Long-term Debt - Long-Term Debt (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 22, 2021	Aug. 19, 2020	May 13, 2020	Feb. 06, 2020	Jan. 28, 2016	Jan. 10, 2014	Oct. 30, 2012
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	$ 3,370,372	$ 3,345,420
Debt, Less current maturities	(250,398)	(250,378)
Debt, excluding current maturities	3,119,974	3,095,042
Deferred financing costs	29,245	32,615
Deferred financing costs, Less current maturities	(380)	(593)
Deferred financing costs, excluding current maturities	28,865	32,022
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	3,341,127	3,312,805
Debt, net of deferred financing costs, Less current maturities	(250,018)	(249,785)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	3,091,109	3,063,020
Senior Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	1,019,222	993,970
Deferred financing costs	8,266	8,171
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	1,010,956	985,799
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	250,000	250,000
Deferred financing costs	380	593
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	$ 249,620	$ 249,407
3 3/4% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate on senior notes	3.75%	3.75%				3.75%
Debt	$ 600,000	$ 600,000
Deferred financing costs	4,923	6,000
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	$ 595,077	594,000
3 5/8% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate on senior notes	3.625%		3.625%
Debt	$ 550,000	550,000
Deferred financing costs	6,226	6,982
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	$ 543,774	$ 543,018
4% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate on senior notes	4.00%	4.00%		4.00%		4.00%
Debt	$ 549,516	$ 549,437
Deferred financing costs	5,675	6,459
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	$ 543,841	$ 542,978
4 7/8% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate on senior notes	4.875%	4.875%			4.875%
Debt	$ 400,000	$ 400,000
Deferred financing costs	3,775	4,410
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	396,225	395,590
Other notes with various rates and terms
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	1,634	2,013
Deferred financing costs	0	0
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	$ 1,634	$ 2,013
Five Point Three By Four Percent Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate on senior notes		5.75%					5.75%
5% Senior Subordinated Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate on senior notes									5.00%
5 3/8% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate on senior notes								5.375%

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Long-term Debt - Summary of Long-Term Debt Contractual Maturities (Detail) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2024	$ 399
2025	600,420
2026	442
2027	599,568
2028	670,000
Thereafter	1,499,543
Deferred financing costs
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2024	0
2025	964
2026	0
2027	3,601
2028	9,004
Thereafter	15,676
Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2024	399
2025	599,456
2026	442
2027	595,967
2028	660,996
Thereafter	$ 1,483,867

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Long-term Debt - Additional Information (Detail)									12 Months Ended
	Jul. 29, 2022 USD ($)	Feb. 03, 2021 USD ($)	Jan. 22, 2021 USD ($)	Aug. 19, 2020 USD ($)	May 13, 2020 USD ($)	Feb. 06, 2020 USD ($)	Feb. 01, 2019 USD ($)	Jan. 28, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 24, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 16, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 18, 2018 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans									$ 0	$ 350,000,000	$ 0
Outstanding revolving credit facility									70,000,000
Remaining borrowing capacity under revolving credit facility									671,166,000
Debt									3,370,372,000	3,345,420,000
Loss on debt extinguishment									115,000	0	21,604,000
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans									0	350,000,000	0
Debt									3,370,372,000	3,345,420,000
Loss on debt extinguishment									115,000	$ 0	21,604,000
Letter of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Letter of credit outstanding balance									$ 8,834,000
4% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate				4.00%		4.00%			4.00%	4.00%
Debt									$ 549,516,000	$ 549,437,000
Redemption price percentage of the principal amount to be purchased						101.00%
4% Senior Notes | Prior to February 1, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redeemed percentage of aggregate principal amount						100.00%
4% Senior Notes | Private Placement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate				4.00%		4.00%
Aggregate principal amount of debt issued				$ 150,000,000		$ 400,000,000
Net proceeds form the issuance of debt				$ 146,900,000		$ 395,000,000
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of debt issued													$ 250,000,000		$ 175,000,000
Debt									250,000,000	250,000,000
Available borrowing on accounts receivable securitization									0
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt									250,000,000	$ 250,000,000
Commitment fee									$ 0
Five Point Three By Four Percent Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate								5.75%		5.75%
Aggregate principal amount of debt issued								$ 400,000,000
Net proceeds form the issuance of debt								$ 394,500,000
Debt instrument redemption amount		$ 650,000,000
Redeemed percentage of aggregate principal amount		102.875%
Loss on debt extinguishment											21,604,000
Cash portion of loss on debt extinguishment											$ 18,700,000
Five Point Three By Four Percent Senior Notes | Private Placement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of debt issued							$ 250,000,000
Net proceeds form the issuance of debt							$ 251,500,000
3 3/4% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate						3.75%			3.75%	3.75%
Debt									$ 600,000,000	$ 600,000,000
3 3/4% Senior Notes | Prior to February 15, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redemption price percentage of the principal amount to be purchased						101.00%
3 3/4% Senior Notes | Private Placement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of debt issued						$ 600,000,000
Net proceeds form the issuance of debt						592,500,000
3 3/4% Senior Notes | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt									$ 600,000,000	$ 600,000,000
4 7/8% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate					4.875%				4.875%	4.875%
Debt									$ 400,000,000	$ 400,000,000
4 7/8% Senior Notes | Prior to February 15, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redeemed percentage of aggregate principal amount					100.00%
Redemption price percentage of the principal amount to be purchased					101.00%
4 7/8% Senior Notes | Private Placement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of debt issued					$ 400,000,000
Net proceeds form the issuance of debt					$ 395,000,000
4 7/8% Senior Notes | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt									$ 400,000,000	400,000,000
3 5/8% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Stated interest rate			3.625%						3.625%
Debt									$ 550,000,000	550,000,000
Redeemed percentage of aggregate principal amount			103.625%
Redemption percentage of aggregate principal amount of senior notes			40.00%
Redemption percentage of issued notes which remain outstanding			60.00%
3 5/8% Senior Notes | Prior to February 15, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Redeemed percentage of aggregate principal amount			100.00%
Redemption price percentage of the principal amount to be purchased			101.00%
3 5/8% Senior Notes | Private Placement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount of debt issued			$ 550,000
Net proceeds form the issuance of debt			$ 542,500,000
3 5/8% Senior Notes | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt									550,000,000	$ 550,000,000
Senior or Senior Subordinated Notes and other Indebtedness | Debt Instrument Repurchase Program
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt repurchase program, authorized amount														$ 250,000,000
Debt instrument repurchased under the program									$ 0
Senior Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing limit of incremental loan facility						750,000,000
Term B Loan Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing limit of incremental loan facility						600,000,000
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans						$ 600,000,000
Term B Loan Facility | Adjust Term SOFR Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Adjusted rate						0.10%
Term B Loan Facility | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Adjusted rate						1.50%
Term B Loan Facility | Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Adjusted rate						0.50%
Term A Loan Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing limit of incremental loan facility	$ 350,000,000					$ 350,000
Term A Loan Facility | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, covenant, ratio of indebtedness to net capital, maximum	3.25
Adjusted rate	1.50%
Term A Loan Facility | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) | Debt Ratio Less Than Three Point Two Five
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Adjusted rate	1.25%
Term A Loan Facility | Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, covenant, ratio of indebtedness to net capital, maximum	3.25
Adjusted rate	0.50%
Term A Loan Facility | Base Rate | Debt Ratio Less Than Three Point Two Five
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Adjusted rate	0.25%
Revolving Credit Facility | JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing limit of incremental loan facility												$ 750,000
Revolving Credit Facility | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, covenant, ratio of indebtedness to net capital, maximum						3.25
Adjusted rate						1.50%
Revolving Credit Facility | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) | Debt Ratio Less Than Three Point Two Five
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Adjusted rate						1.25%
Revolving Credit Facility | Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, covenant, ratio of indebtedness to net capital, maximum						3.25
Adjusted rate						0.50%
Revolving Credit Facility | Base Rate | Debt Ratio Less Than Three Point Two Five
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Adjusted rate						0.25%
Revolving Credit Facility | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, covenant, ratio of indebtedness to net capital, maximum						4.50
Swingline Credit Facility | JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing limit of incremental loan facility												$ 75,000

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Asset Retirement Obligation - Information Related to Asset Retirement Obligations (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Asset Retirement Obligation, Roll Forward Analysis [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 390,442	$ 269,367
Additions to asset retirement obligations	4,548	9,676
Revision in estimates	1,230	110,321
Accretion expense	7,210	4,894
Liabilities settled	(5,439)	(3,816)
Ending balance	$ 397,991	$ 390,442

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Depreciation and Amortization - Depreciation and Amortization Expense Excluded from Operating Expenses in its Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Depreciation and Amortization Expense [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 293,423	$ 349,449	$ 271,294
Direct advertising expenses
Depreciation and Amortization Expense [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	273,297	330,357	253,850
General and administrative expenses
Depreciation and Amortization Expense [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	5,691	5,242	4,691
Corporate expenses
Depreciation and Amortization Expense [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 14,435	$ 13,850	$ 12,753

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Income Taxes - Income Tax Expense (Benefit) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S. federal, current	$ 6,223	$ 5,663	$ 4,723
State and local, current	2,035	3,376	3,958
Foreign, current	(860)	5,201	(999)
Total current	7,398	14,240	7,682
U.S. federal, deferred	1,280	2,073	620
State and local, deferred	(26)	(136)	254
Foreign, deferred	1,130	1,275	700
Total, deferred	2,384	3,212	1,574
U.S. federal, total	7,503	7,736	5,343
State and local, total	2,009	3,240	4,212
Foreign, total	270	6,476	(299)
Income tax expense	$ 9,782	$ 17,452	$ 9,256

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax [Line Items]
Taxes payable	$ 36,000	$ 4,104,000
Net change in total state valuation allowance	898,000	(14,664,000)
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	5,333,000	4,435,000
Undistributed earnings of subsidiaries	15,277,000
Deferred tax liabilities foreign withholding taxes	764,000	842,000
Current income tax expense (benefit) related to current period earnings	95,000
Unrecognized tax benefits	4,432,000	5,544,000	$ 5,125,000
Income tax penalties and interest expense	76,000	212,000
Expect to decrease in unrecognized tax benefits in next twelve months	1,314,000
State and Local Jurisdiction
Income Tax [Line Items]
Net operating loss carry forwards	1,313,978,000
Amounts of credits available to offset income tax	64,000
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	0	0
Net change in total state valuation allowance	0	(334,000)
US
Income Tax [Line Items]
Net operating loss carry forwards	45,589,000
Amounts of credits available to offset income tax	1,205,000
Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Income Tax [Line Items]
Net operating loss carry forwards	12,399,000
Canada Revenue Agency | Foreign Tax Authority
Income Tax [Line Items]
Net operating loss carry forwards	4,512,000
Puerto Rico
Income Tax [Line Items]
Alternative minimum tax credits	688,000
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets	5,333,000	$ 4,435,000
Puerto Rico | Foreign Tax Authority
Income Tax [Line Items]
Net operating loss carry forwards	$ 9,092,000

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Income Taxes - U.S. and Foreign Components of Earnings Before Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S.	$ 509,040	$ 446,395	$ 395,800
Foreign	(2,422)	9,704	1,546
Income before income tax expense	$ 506,618	$ 456,099	$ 397,346

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Income Taxes - Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Schedule Of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory rate	$ 106,390	$ 95,781	$ 83,443
Tax adjustment related to REIT	(101,486)	(86,793)	(83,153)
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	2,732	2,850	2,917
Book expenses not deductible for tax purposes	2,574	3,042	1,893
Stock-based compensation	513	(3,336)	3,555
Valuation allowance	875	(14,984)	(1,564)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries	(95)	(84)	292
Other differences, net	(1,721)	20,976	1,873
Income tax expense	9,782	17,452	9,256
Tax adjustment related dividend paid deduction	107,137	106,129	85,087
Puerto Rico
Schedule Of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]
Valuation allowance	$ 875	(14,984)	$ (1,564)
Other differences, net		15,201
Income tax expense		$ 5,068

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Income Taxes - Components of Deferred Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 211	$ 423
Net operating loss carry forwards	5,261	5,068
Tax credit carry forwards	1,202	1,364
Charitable contributions carry forward	2	1
Gross deferred tax assets	6,676	6,856
Less: valuation allowance	(5,333)	(4,435)
Net deferred tax assets	1,343	2,421
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles	(4,926)	(5,016)
Accrued liabilities not deducted for tax purposes	(2,133)	(2,222)
Investment in partnerships	(2,611)	(1,758)
Property, plant and equipment	(2,956)	(2,234)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries	(764)	(842)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(13,390)	(12,072)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$ (12,047)	$ (9,651)

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Income Taxes - Reconciliation Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 5,544	$ 5,125
Additions for tax positions related to current year		718
Additions for tax positions related to prior years	703	1,142
Lapse of statute of limitations	(1,815)	(1,441)
Ending balance	$ 4,432	$ 5,544

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Related Party Transactions - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jul. 12, 2021
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Net revenues	$ 2,110,987	$ 2,032,140	$ 1,787,401
Vistar Media
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenues	12,050	13,074	10,586
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Other receivables	274	158
Related Party | Vistar Media
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Equity method investment				$ 30,000
Minority interest, percentage				20.00%
Advertising expense	$ 1,134	1,167	$ 880
Related Party | RTC Holdings, LLC | Sean E. Reilly and Kevin P. Reilly, Jr.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ownership interest in limited liability company	100.00%
Related Party | RTC Holdings, LLC | Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of Board of Directors, President and Families
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ownership interest in limited liability company	89.00%
Related Party | RTC Holdings, LLC | Reilly Family, LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ownership interest in limited liability company	11.00%
Related Party | RTC Holdings, LLC | EATEL Corp, LLC
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Aggregate amount paid on backup-recovery services	$ 84	228
Net revenues	$ 206	$ 154

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Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail)		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 16, 1999 $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares	Jun. 21, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 16, 2020 USD ($)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares) | shares		5,720	5,720
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Conversion ratio	1
Liquidation value of outstanding preferred stock		$ 3,649,000
Series AA Preferred Stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares) | shares	5,720
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.001
Dividends paid to preferred stock (in usd per share) | $ / shares	15.95
Amount entitled (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 638
Common stock, number of votes per share | vote		1
Preferred Class A
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares) | shares	1,000,000
Common Class B
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, number of votes per share | vote		10
Common Class A
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, number of votes per share | vote		1
Common Class A | Sales Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount					$ 250,000,000
Stock repurchased during period		$ 0
Common Class A | Equity Distribution Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares sold (in shares) | shares		0
Amount available to be sold, common stock		$ 400,000,000
Common Class A | Maximum | Equity Distribution Agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate offering price of common stock issuable				$ 400,000,000

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Stock Compensation Plans - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Accrued expenses, liability		$ 7,936	$ 12,216
Period of cliff vesting for option valuation		5 years
Period of graded vesting for option valuation		4 years
Expected dividend yield		5.00%	5.00%	5.00%
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested awards		$ 2,784
Weighted average number of years over which compensation cost related to nonvested awards is expected to be recognized		1 year 8 months 19 days
Shares available for future stock option and restricted share grants to employees and directors under existing plans (in shares)		1,701,476
Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding		$ 8,941
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable		7,248
Total intrinsic value of options exercised		1,830
Granted fair value		9,021
Vested fair value		$ 7,787
Executive Officer
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common unit, issued (in shares)		176,000
Common unit, vested (in shares)		88,000
Common Class A
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected volatility		90.00%
Volatility rate on publicly traded options		10.00%
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		3 years
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period (in years)		5 years
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period of options granted under equity incentive plan (in years)		10 years
LTIP Units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested awards		$ 603
Compensation expense related to performance based compensation agreements		$ 5,347	$ 5,897
1996 Equity Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares reserved for issuance to directors and employees (in shares)		17,500,000
1996 Equity Incentive Plan | Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Range of awards of target number of share		0.00%
1996 Equity Incentive Plan | Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Range of awards of target number of share		100.00%
2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Additional shares reserved (in shares)	87,327
Performance Based Compensation
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation expense related to performance based compensation agreements		$ 11,677	$ 11,545	$ 29,324

XML

Stock Compensation Plans - Weighted Average Fair Value of Options Granted (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Dividend Yield	5.00%	5.00%	5.00%
Expected Volatility	45.00%	45.00%	45.00%
Risk Free Interest Rate	4.00%	2.00%	2.00%
Expected Lives	6 years	6 years	6 years

XML

Stock Compensation Plans - Stock Option Transactions Under Various Stock-Based Employee Compensation Plans (Detail) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Stock option activity, shares
Outstanding, beginning of year (in shares)	410,900
Granted (in shares)	49,500
Exercised (in shares)	(60,385)	(194,035)	(156,491)
Forfeited (in shares)	(7,200)
Expired (in shares)	(1,800)
Outstanding, end of year (in shares)	391,015	410,900
Weighted-average exercise price per stock option
Outstanding, beginning of year, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share)	$ 83.39
Granted, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share)	87.82
Exercised, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share)	71.21
Forfeited, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share)	84.09
Expired, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share)	84.09
Outstanding, end of year, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share)	$ 85.81	$ 83.39
Exercisable at end of year (in shares)	261,915
Exercisable, at end of year, weighted average exercise price (in usd per share)	$ 80.28
Outstanding, end of year, weighted average remaining contractual term	6 years 4 months 17 days
Exercisable, at end of year, weighted average remaining contractual term	5 years 5 months 4 days

XML

Stock Compensation Plans - LTIP Units 1996 Plan (Detail) - LTIP Units	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Shares
Outstanding, beginning of year (in shares) | shares	88,000
Granted (in shares) | shares	88,000
Exercised (in shares) | shares	0
Outstanding, ending of year (in shares) | shares	176,000
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, beginning of year (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 88.49
Granted (in usd per share) | $ / shares	102.51
Exercised (in usd per share) | $ / shares	0
Outstanding, ending of year (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 95.50
Vested at end of year (in shares) | shares	88,000
Vested at end of year (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 88.49

XML

Stock Compensation Plans - Summary of ESPP Share Activity (Detail) - shares		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
ESPP share activity
Purchases (in shares)		(147,006)	(127,108)	(114,035)
Available for future purchases, end of period (in shares)		1,701,476
2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
ESPP share activity
Additional shares reserved (in shares)	87,327
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
ESPP share activity
Available for future purchases, beginning of period (in shares)	301,971	301,971
Purchases (in shares)		(147,006)
Available for future purchases, end of period (in shares)		242,292	301,971
Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
ESPP share activity
Additional shares reserved (in shares)		87,327

XML

Benefit Plans - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Excluding Share-based Payments and Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]
Minimum years of service required to participate in Company sponsored saving and profit sharing plan	1 year
Minimum age required to participate in Company sponsored saving and profit sharing plan	21 years
Employers contribution as percentage of employees contribution	50.00%
Employers contribution as percentage of employees compensation	5.00%
Employees contribution limit	100.00%
Fully vesting period of contribution	3 years
Minimum age for entitlement to benefit of deferred compensation plan	30 years
Minimum years of experience to attain the benefit of deferred compensation plan	10 years
Deferred compensation arrangement with individual employees contribution minimum	$ 3
Deferred compensation arrangement with individual employees contribution maximum	8
Deferred Profit Sharing
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Excluding Share-based Payments and Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]
Employer's contribution	7,265	$ 6,780	$ 5,811
Deferred Compensation Plan
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Excluding Share-based Payments and Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]
Employer's contribution	1,880	$ 1,637	$ 1,540
Benefit Plans
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Excluding Share-based Payments and Postretirement Benefits [Line Items]
Letters of credit with bank	$ 5,537

XML

Commitment and Contingencies - Summary of Minimum Payments Related to Agreements (Detail) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 49,520
2025	43,533
2026	30,057
2027	19,855
2028	16,790
Thereafter	$ 45,734

XML

Distribution Restrictions - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Balance of permitted transfers to parent company	$ 4,438,406	$ 4,187,593
Debt ratio (less than)	7.0
Debt ratio related to actual position on senior credit facility (less than)	7.0	7.0
Available cumulative credit	$ 3,188,886	$ 2,938,073
Secured Debt | LAMAR MEDIA CORP
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt ratio (less than)	4.5
Secured Debt | Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Secured debt ratio (less than)	4.5

XML

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Estimated fair value of long-term debt (including current maturities)	$ 3,206,117
Debt	$ 3,370,372	$ 3,345,420

XML

Information about Geographic Areas - Additional Information (Detail) - Foreign Countries - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net carrying value of long lived assets	$ 13,930	$ 11,763
External Customers
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Revenue from external customers	$ 30,568	$ 29,465	$ 24,354

XML

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable: allowance for doubtful accounts
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at Beginning of Period	$ 11,418	$ 11,195	$ 14,946
Charged to Costs and Expenses	12,737	9,013	4,527
Deductions	11,678	8,790	8,278
Balance at End of Period	12,477	11,418	11,195
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets: valuation allowance
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at Beginning of Period	4,435	19,433	20,997
Charged to Costs and Expenses	898	0	0
Deductions	0	14,998	1,564
Balance at End of Period	$ 5,333	$ 4,435	$ 19,433

XML

Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) Display Asset	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
SEC Schedule III, Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Number of advertising displays | Display	363,496
Encumbrances	$ 0
Initial Cost	0
Gross Carrying Amount	3,883,556	$ 3,745,006	$ 3,439,618
Accumulated Depreciation	$ (2,529,560)	(2,440,956)	(2,287,590)
Number of single asset exceeded 5% of the total gross carrying amount | Asset	0
Percentage of asset contribution to total gross carrying amount	5.00%
Gross real estate assets:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$ 3,745,006	3,439,618	3,293,778
Capital expenditures on new advertising displays	80,241	85,972	45,427
Capital expenditures on improvements/redevelopments of new/existing advertising displays	26,127	23,850	21,287
Capital expenditures other recurring	42,703	141,030	88,697
Land acquisitions	24,064	31,061	17,151
Acquisition of advertising displays	9,285	64,223	17,662
Assets sold or written-off	(44,442)	(39,149)	(44,466)
Foreign exchange	572	(1,599)	82
Balance at the end of the year	3,883,556	3,745,006	3,439,618
Accumulated depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year	2,440,956	2,287,590	2,192,700
Depreciation	124,072	185,820	126,805
Assets sold or written-off	(35,791)	(31,514)	(31,971)
Foreign exchange	323	(940)	56
Balance at the end of the year	2,529,560	2,440,956	2,287,590
Revision in cost estimate in the calculation of asset retirement obligations	1,186	103,019	48,848
New Advertising Displays
Accumulated depreciation:
Non-cash amounts	1,138	2,367	1,541
Acquisition of Advertising Displays
Accumulated depreciation:
Non-cash amounts	$ 3,052	$ 11,132	$ 3,843
Minimum
SEC Schedule III, Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Useful Lives	5 years
Maximum
SEC Schedule III, Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Useful Lives	20 years

XML

Description of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Subsidiary) - Additional Information (Detail)	Dec. 31, 2023 billboard state
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of advertising displays | billboard	160,400
Number of states in which the company operates	45
Number of states in which the company operates logo sign business	23
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of advertising displays | billboard	160,400
Number of states in which the company operates	45
Number of states in which the company operates logo sign business	23

XML

Non-cash Financing and Investing Activities (Subsidiary) - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]
Non-cash financing activity	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Non-cash investing activities	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Subsidiary) - Summary of Intangible Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 3,811,018	$ 3,708,668
Accumulated Amortization	2,639,584	2,502,043
Goodwill gross carrying amount	2,288,807	2,288,805	$ 2,189,962
Goodwill accumulated amortization	253,536	253,536
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	3,810,473	3,708,123
Accumulated Amortization	2,639,506	2,501,965
Goodwill gross carrying amount	2,277,786	2,277,784	$ 2,178,941
Goodwill accumulated amortization	$ 252,667	252,667
Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	2 years
Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years
Customer lists and contracts
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 731,156	720,051
Accumulated Amortization	640,635	614,840
Customer lists and contracts | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	731,156	720,051
Accumulated Amortization	$ 640,635	614,840
Customer lists and contracts | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	7 years
Customer lists and contracts | Minimum | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	7 years
Customer lists and contracts | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	10 years
Customer lists and contracts | Maximum | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	10 years
Non-competition agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 71,960	71,599
Accumulated Amortization	66,455	65,647
Non-competition agreements | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	71,960	71,599
Accumulated Amortization	$ 66,455	65,647
Non-competition agreements | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	3 years
Non-competition agreements | Minimum | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	3 years
Non-competition agreements | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years
Non-competition agreements | Maximum | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years
Site locations
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 2,955,324	2,864,854
Accumulated Amortization	1,891,078	1,781,164
Site locations | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	2,955,324	2,864,854
Accumulated Amortization	$ 1,891,078	1,781,164
Site locations | Maximum | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years
Other
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 52,578	52,164
Accumulated Amortization	41,416	40,392
Other | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	52,033	51,619
Accumulated Amortization	$ 41,338	$ 40,314
Other | Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	2 years
Other | Minimum | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	2 years
Other | Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years
Other | Maximum | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated Life (Years)	15 years

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Subsidiary) - Summary of Changes in Gross Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 2,288,805	$ 2,189,962
Goodwill acquired during the year		99,003
Purchase price adjustments and other	2	(160)
Goodwill, ending balance	2,288,807	2,288,805
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	2,277,784	2,178,941
Goodwill acquired during the year		99,003
Purchase price adjustments and other	2	(160)
Goodwill, ending balance	$ 2,277,786	$ 2,277,784

XML

Accrued Expenses (Subsidiary) - Summary of Accrued Expenses (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts Payable And Accrued Liabilities Current [Line Items]
Payroll	$ 21,903	$ 24,601
Interest	23,322	23,360
Accrued variable lease and contract expense	30,375	28,117
Other	12,858	19,291
Total accrued expenses	107,195	117,593
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Accounts Payable And Accrued Liabilities Current [Line Items]
Payroll	21,903	24,601
Interest	23,322	23,360
Accrued variable lease and contract expense	30,375	28,117
Stock-based compensation	7,936	12,216
Other	13,928	20,430
Total accrued expenses	$ 97,464	$ 108,724

XML

Long-term Debt (Subsidiary) - Long-Term Debt (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	$ 3,370,372	$ 3,345,420
Debt, Less current maturities	(250,398)	(250,378)
Debt, excluding current maturities	3,119,974	3,095,042
Deferred financing costs	29,245	32,615
Deferred financing costs, Less current maturities	(380)	(593)
Deferred financing costs, excluding current maturities	28,865	32,022
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	3,341,127	3,312,805
Debt, net of deferred financing costs, Less current maturities	(250,018)	(249,785)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	3,091,109	3,063,020
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	3,370,372	3,345,420
Debt, Less current maturities	(250,398)	(250,378)
Debt, excluding current maturities	3,119,974	3,095,042
Deferred financing costs	29,245	32,615
Deferred financing costs, Less current maturities	(380)	(593)
Deferred financing costs, excluding current maturities	28,865	32,022
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	3,341,127	3,312,805
Debt, net of deferred financing costs, Less current maturities	(250,018)	(249,785)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities	3,091,109	3,063,020
Senior Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	1,019,222	993,970
Deferred financing costs	8,266	8,171
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	1,010,956	985,799
Senior Credit Facility | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	1,019,222	993,970
Deferred financing costs	8,266	8,171
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	1,010,956	985,799
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	250,000	250,000
Deferred financing costs	380	593
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	249,620	249,407
Accounts Receivable Securitization Program | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	250,000	250,000
Deferred financing costs	380	593
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	249,620	249,407
3 3/4% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	600,000	600,000
Deferred financing costs	4,923	6,000
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	595,077	594,000
3 3/4% Senior Notes | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	600,000	600,000
Deferred financing costs	4,923	6,000
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	595,077	594,000
3 5/8% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	550,000	550,000
Deferred financing costs	6,226	6,982
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	543,774	543,018
3 5/8% Senior Notes | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	550,000	550,000
Deferred financing costs	6,226	6,982
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	543,774	543,018
4% Senior Notes | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	549,516	549,437
Deferred financing costs	5,675	6,459
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	543,841	542,978
4 7/8% Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	400,000	400,000
Deferred financing costs	3,775	4,410
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	396,225	395,590
4 7/8% Senior Notes | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	400,000	400,000
Deferred financing costs	3,775	4,410
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	396,225	395,590
Other notes with various rates and terms
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	1,634	2,013
Deferred financing costs	0	0
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	1,634	2,013
Other notes with various rates and terms | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt	1,634	2,013
Deferred financing costs	0	0
Debt, net of deferred financing costs	$ 1,634	$ 2,013

XML

Long-term Debt (Subsidiary) - Summary of Long-Term Debt Contractual Maturities (Detail) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2024	$ 399
2025	600,420
2026	442
2027	599,568
Thereafter	1,499,543
Debt | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2024	399
2025	600,420
2026	442
2027	599,568
2028	670,000
Thereafter	1,499,543
Deferred financing costs
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2024	0
2025	964
2026	0
2027	3,601
Thereafter	15,676
Deferred financing costs | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2024	0
2025	964
2026	0
2027	3,601
2028	9,004
Thereafter	15,676
Debt, net of deferred financing costs
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2024	399
2025	599,456
2026	442
2027	595,967
Thereafter	1,483,867
Debt, net of deferred financing costs | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2024	399
2025	599,456
2026	442
2027	595,967
2028	660,996
Thereafter	$ 1,483,867

XML

Related Party Transactions (Subsidiary) - Additional Information (Detail) - LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES - Related Party - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount payable to parent company	$ 1,009	$ 1,871
Amount contributed to affiliate	$ 42,627	$ 60,273

XML

Summarized Financial Information of Subsidiaries - Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
ASSETS
Total current assets	$ 373,186	$ 364,552
Net property, plant and equipment	1,566,470	1,499,699
Operating lease right of use assets	1,315,433	1,271,631
Other assets	90,644	83,401
Total assets	6,563,622	6,475,214
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	250,018	249,785
Current operating lease liabilities (note 7)	210,568	205,838
Total current liabilities	713,897	726,037
Long-term debt	3,091,109	3,063,020
Operating lease liabilities (note 7)	1,075,285	1,035,655
Other noncurrent liabilities	41,891	39,090
Total liabilities	5,346,834	5,279,840
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	6,563,622	6,475,214
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
ASSETS
Total current assets	372,686	364,052
Net property, plant and equipment	1,566,470	1,499,699
Operating lease right of use assets	1,315,433	1,271,631
Intangibles and goodwill, net	3,196,086	3,231,275
Other assets	96,205	91,815
Total assets	6,546,880	6,458,472
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	250,018	249,785
Current operating lease liabilities (note 7)	210,568	205,838
Other current liabilities	243,580	261,545
Total current liabilities	704,166	717,168
Long-term debt	3,091,109	3,063,020
Operating lease liabilities (note 7)	1,075,285	1,035,655
Other noncurrent liabilities	466,543	455,128
Total liabilities	5,337,103	5,270,971
Stockholders’ equity	1,209,777	1,187,501
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	6,546,880	6,458,472
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES | Reportable Legal Entities | Lamar Media Corp.
ASSETS
Total current assets	33,875	39,829
Net property, plant and equipment	0	0
Operating lease right of use assets	0	0
Intangibles and goodwill, net	0	0
Other assets	4,596,516	4,514,221
Total assets	4,630,391	4,554,050
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	0	0
Current operating lease liabilities (note 7)	0	0
Other current liabilities	45,225	23,360
Total current liabilities	45,225	23,360
Long-term debt	3,089,874	3,061,385
Operating lease liabilities (note 7)	0	0
Other noncurrent liabilities	285,929	281,804
Total liabilities	3,421,028	3,366,549
Stockholders’ equity	1,209,363	1,187,501
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	4,630,391	4,554,050
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES | Reportable Legal Entities | Guarantor Subsidiaries
ASSETS
Total current assets	28,905	36,667
Net property, plant and equipment	1,548,946	1,483,395
Operating lease right of use assets	1,281,503	1,252,414
Intangibles and goodwill, net	3,179,107	3,214,284
Other assets	349,680	325,052
Total assets	6,388,141	6,311,812
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	398	378
Current operating lease liabilities (note 7)	202,992	198,320
Other current liabilities	184,018	222,871
Total current liabilities	387,408	421,569
Long-term debt	1,235	1,635
Operating lease liabilities (note 7)	1,050,330	1,025,385
Other noncurrent liabilities	424,532	418,163
Total liabilities	1,863,505	1,866,752
Stockholders’ equity	4,524,636	4,445,060
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	6,388,141	6,311,812
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES | Reportable Legal Entities | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
ASSETS
Total current assets	309,906	287,556
Net property, plant and equipment	17,524	16,304
Operating lease right of use assets	33,930	19,217
Intangibles and goodwill, net	16,979	16,991
Other assets	249,662	250,056
Total assets	628,001	590,124
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	249,620	249,407
Current operating lease liabilities (note 7)	7,576	7,518
Other current liabilities	14,337	15,314
Total current liabilities	271,533	272,239
Long-term debt	0	0
Operating lease liabilities (note 7)	24,955	10,270
Other noncurrent liabilities	343,253	301,957
Total liabilities	639,741	584,466
Stockholders’ equity	(11,740)	5,658
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	628,001	590,124
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES | Eliminations
ASSETS
Total current assets	0	0
Net property, plant and equipment	0	0
Operating lease right of use assets	0	0
Intangibles and goodwill, net	0	0
Other assets	(5,099,653)	(4,997,514)
Total assets	(5,099,653)	(4,997,514)
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	0	0
Current operating lease liabilities (note 7)	0	0
Other current liabilities	0	0
Total current liabilities	0	0
Long-term debt	0	0
Operating lease liabilities (note 7)	0	0
Other noncurrent liabilities	(587,171)	(546,796)
Total liabilities	(587,171)	(546,796)
Stockholders’ equity	(4,512,482)	(4,450,718)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ (5,099,653)	$ (4,997,514)

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Summarized Financial Information of Subsidiaries - Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statements of Income
Net Revenues	$ 2,110,987	$ 2,032,140	$ 1,787,401
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses	696,799	667,288	576,507
General and administrative expenses	344,780	350,623	326,951
Depreciation and amortization	293,423	349,449	271,294
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)	(15,721)	(2,115)
Total operating expenses	1,435,553	1,454,139	1,266,214
Operating income	675,434	578,001	521,187
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115	0	21,604
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)	(4,315)	(3,384)
Income before income tax expense	506,618	456,099	397,346
Income tax expense	9,782	17,452	9,256
Net income (loss)	496,836	438,647	388,090
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073	0	0
Net income attributable to controlling interest	495,763	438,647	388,090
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	496,836	438,647	388,090
Total comprehensive income (loss)	497,067	437,133	388,011
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	495,994	437,133	388,011
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Statements of Income
Net Revenues	2,110,987	2,032,140	1,787,401
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses	696,799	667,288	576,507
General and administrative expenses	344,780	350,623	326,636
Corporate expenses	105,528	101,998	93,074
Depreciation and amortization	293,423	349,449	271,294
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,474)	(15,721)	(2,115)
Total operating expenses	1,435,056	1,453,637	1,265,396
Operating income	675,931	578,503	522,005
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		21,604
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	0	0	0
Interest expense (income), net	172,397	126,217	105,621
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)	(4,315)	(3,384)
Income before income tax expense	507,115	456,601	398,164
Income tax expense	9,782	17,452	9,256
Net income (loss)	497,333
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073
Net income attributable to controlling interest	496,260	439,149	388,908
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	497,333
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	231	(1,514)	(79)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	497,564
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	1,073
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	496,491	437,635	388,829
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES | Reportable Legal Entities | Lamar Media Corp.
Statements of Income
Net Revenues	0	0	0
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses	0	0	0
General and administrative expenses	0	0	0
Corporate expenses	0	0	0
Depreciation and amortization	0	0	0
Gain on disposition of assets	0	0	0
Total operating expenses	0	0	0
Operating income	0	0	0
Loss on extinguishment of debt	115		21,604
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	(655,864)	(561,545)	(515,288)
Interest expense (income), net	159,489	122,396	104,776
Equity in earnings of investee	0	0	0
Income before income tax expense	496,260	439,149	388,908
Income tax expense	0	0	0
Net income (loss)	496,260
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	0
Net income attributable to controlling interest	496,260	439,149	388,908
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	496,260
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	0	0	0
Total comprehensive income (loss)	496,260
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	0
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	496,260	439,149	388,908
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES | Reportable Legal Entities | Guarantor Subsidiaries
Statements of Income
Net Revenues	2,069,600	1,992,900	1,752,106
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses	667,962	639,948	552,953
General and administrative expenses	336,623	343,188	322,278
Corporate expenses	104,023	99,392	91,479
Depreciation and amortization	289,257	345,857	267,141
Gain on disposition of assets	(5,476)	(3,235)	(1,965)
Total operating expenses	1,392,389	1,425,150	1,231,886
Operating income	677,211	567,750	520,220
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0		0
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	0	0	0
Interest expense (income), net	(1,934)	(531)	(44)
Equity in earnings of investee	(3,696)	(4,315)	(3,384)
Income before income tax expense	682,841	572,596	523,648
Income tax expense	9,511	10,970	9,556
Net income (loss)	673,330
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	387
Net income attributable to controlling interest	672,943	561,626	514,092
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	673,330
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	0	0	0
Total comprehensive income (loss)	673,330
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	387
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	672,943	561,626	514,092
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES | Reportable Legal Entities | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
Statements of Income
Net Revenues	44,068	41,789	37,055
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses	31,518	29,889	25,314
General and administrative expenses	8,157	7,435	4,358
Corporate expenses	1,505	2,606	1,595
Depreciation and amortization	4,166	3,592	4,153
Gain on disposition of assets	2	(12,486)	(150)
Total operating expenses	45,348	31,036	35,270
Operating income	(1,280)	10,753	1,785
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0		0
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	0	0	0
Interest expense (income), net	14,842	4,352	889
Equity in earnings of investee	0	0	0
Income before income tax expense	(16,122)	6,401	896
Income tax expense	271	6,482	(300)
Net income (loss)	(16,393)
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	686
Net income attributable to controlling interest	(17,079)	(81)	1,196
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	(16,393)
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	231	(1,514)	(79)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	(16,162)
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	686
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	(16,848)	(1,595)	1,117
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES | Eliminations
Statements of Income
Net Revenues	(2,681)	(2,549)	(1,760)
Operating expenses (income):
Direct advertising expenses	(2,681)	(2,549)	(1,760)
General and administrative expenses	0	0	0
Corporate expenses	0	0	0
Depreciation and amortization	0	0	0
Gain on disposition of assets	0	0	0
Total operating expenses	(2,681)	(2,549)	(1,760)
Operating income	0	0	0
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0		0
Equity in (earnings) loss of subsidiaries	655,864	561,545	515,288
Interest expense (income), net	0	0	0
Equity in earnings of investee	0	0	0
Income before income tax expense	(655,864)	(561,545)	(515,288)
Income tax expense	0	0	0
Net income (loss)	(655,864)
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	0
Net income attributable to controlling interest	(655,864)	(561,545)	(515,288)
Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income (loss)	(655,864)
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax	0	0	0
Total comprehensive income (loss)	(655,864)
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest	0
Comprehensive income attributable to controlling interest	$ (655,864)	$ (561,545)	$ (515,288)

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Summarized Financial Information of Subsidiaries - Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$ 783,613	$ 781,612	$ 734,417
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(178,271)	(167,078)	(126,090)
Acquisitions	(138,961)	(479,766)	(312,257)
Payment for investments in equity securities	0	0	(30,000)
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	7,051	15,649	6,480
Decrease in notes receivable	62	12,124	107
Cash flows used in investing activities	(310,119)	(619,071)	(461,760)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments on revolving credit facility	(378,000)	(575,000)	(25,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	(381)	(365)	(378)
Principal payments on financing leases	(1,331)	(1,331)	(1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans	0	350,000	0
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	114,900	265,000	180,000
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program	(114,900)	(190,000)	(127,500)
Debt issuance costs	(2,951)	(1,583)	(8,823)
Proceeds received from note offering	0	0	550,000
Redemption Of Senior Notes And Senior Subordinated Notes	0	0	668,688
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(1,056)	(814)	(601)
Cash flows used in financing activities	(481,635)	(209,319)	(294,519)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	127	(391)	81
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(8,014)	(47,169)	(21,781)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	52,619	99,788	121,569
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	44,605	52,619	99,788
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	756,310	739,866	715,546
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(178,271)	(167,078)	(126,090)
Acquisitions	(138,961)	(479,766)	(312,257)
Payment for investments in equity securities			(30,000)
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	7,051	15,649	6,480
Investment in subsidiaries	0	0	0
(Increase) decrease in intercompany notes receivable	0	0	0
Decrease in notes receivable	62	12,124	107
Cash flows used in investing activities	(310,119)	(619,071)	(461,760)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	403,000	445,000	200,000
Payments on revolving credit facility	(378,000)	(575,000)	(25,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	(381)	(365)	(378)
Principal payments on financing leases	(1,331)	(1,331)	(1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans		350,000
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	114,900	265,000	180,000
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program	(114,900)	(190,000)	(127,500)
Debt issuance costs	(2,951)	(1,583)	(8,823)
Proceeds received from note offering			550,000
Redemption Of Senior Notes And Senior Subordinated Notes			668,688
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	0	0	0
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(1,056)	(814)	(601)
Contributions from (to) parent	42,627	60,273	37,548
Dividends to parent	(516,240)	(518,753)	(410,875)
Cash flows used in financing activities	(454,332)	(167,573)	(275,648)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	127	(391)	81
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(8,014)	(47,169)	(21,781)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	52,119	99,288	121,069
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	44,105	52,119	99,288
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES | Reportable Legal Entities | Lamar Media Corp.
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	600,132	586,773	596,116
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	0	0	0
Acquisitions	0	0	0
Payment for investments in equity securities			0
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	0	0	0
Investment in subsidiaries	(138,961)	(479,766)	(342,257)
(Increase) decrease in intercompany notes receivable	(15,589)	81,526	51,976
Decrease in notes receivable	0	0	0
Cash flows used in investing activities	(154,550)	(398,240)	(290,281)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	403,000	445,000	200,000
Payments on revolving credit facility	(378,000)	(575,000)	(25,000)
Principal payments on long-term debt	0	0	0
Principal payments on financing leases	0	0	0
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans		350,000
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	0	0	0
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program	0	0	0
Debt issuance costs	(2,926)	(1,347)	(8,385)
Proceeds received from note offering			550,000
Redemption Of Senior Notes And Senior Subordinated Notes			668,688
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	0	0	0
Distributions to non-controlling interest	0	0	0
Contributions from (to) parent	42,627	60,273	37,548
Dividends to parent	(516,240)	(518,753)	(410,875)
Cash flows used in financing activities	(451,539)	(239,827)	(325,400)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	0	0	0
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(5,957)	(51,294)	(19,565)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	39,729	91,023	110,588
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	33,772	39,729	91,023
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES | Reportable Legal Entities | Guarantor Subsidiaries
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	924,435	875,208	849,072
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(173,253)	(162,515)	(119,728)
Acquisitions	(138,961)	(479,766)	(312,257)
Payment for investments in equity securities			(30,000)
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	7,051	3,358	6,480
Investment in subsidiaries	0	0	0
(Increase) decrease in intercompany notes receivable	0	0	0
Decrease in notes receivable	62	58	107
Cash flows used in investing activities	(305,101)	(638,865)	(455,398)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	0	0	0
Payments on revolving credit facility	0	0	0
Principal payments on long-term debt	(381)	(365)	(378)
Principal payments on financing leases	(1,331)	(1,331)	(1,331)
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans		0
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	0	0	0
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program	0	0	0
Debt issuance costs	0	0	0
Proceeds received from note offering			0
Redemption Of Senior Notes And Senior Subordinated Notes			0
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	(23,416)	(14,619)	(24,119)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(440)	0	0
Contributions from (to) parent	138,961	479,766	342,257
Dividends to parent	(733,292)	(702,003)	(708,341)
Cash flows used in financing activities	(619,899)	(238,552)	(391,912)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	0	0	0
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(565)	(2,209)	1,762
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	1,285	3,494	1,732
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	720	1,285	3,494
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES | Reportable Legal Entities | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(34,965)	(20,112)	(21,301)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(5,018)	(4,563)	(6,362)
Acquisitions	0	0	0
Payment for investments in equity securities			0
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	0	12,291	0
Investment in subsidiaries	0	0	0
(Increase) decrease in intercompany notes receivable	0	0	0
Decrease in notes receivable	0	12,066	0
Cash flows used in investing activities	(5,018)	19,794	(6,362)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	0	0	0
Payments on revolving credit facility	0	0	0
Principal payments on long-term debt	0	0	0
Principal payments on financing leases	0	0	0
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans		0
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	114,900	265,000	180,000
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program	(114,900)	(190,000)	(127,500)
Debt issuance costs	(25)	(236)	(438)
Proceeds received from note offering			0
Redemption Of Senior Notes And Senior Subordinated Notes			0
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	39,005	(66,907)	(27,857)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(616)	(814)	(601)
Contributions from (to) parent	0	0	0
Dividends to parent	0	0	0
Cash flows used in financing activities	38,364	7,043	23,604
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	127	(391)	81
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(1,492)	6,334	(3,978)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	11,105	4,771	8,749
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	9,613	11,105	4,771
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES | Eliminations
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(733,292)	(702,003)	(708,341)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	0	0	0
Acquisitions	0	0	0
Payment for investments in equity securities			0
Proceeds from disposition of assets and investments	0	0	0
Investment in subsidiaries	138,961	479,766	342,257
(Increase) decrease in intercompany notes receivable	15,589	(81,526)	(51,976)
Decrease in notes receivable	0	0	0
Cash flows used in investing activities	154,550	398,240	290,281
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds received from revolving credit facility	0	0	0
Payments on revolving credit facility	0	0	0
Principal payments on long-term debt	0	0	0
Principal payments on financing leases	0	0	0
Proceeds received from senior credit facility term loans		0
Proceeds received from accounts receivable securitization program	0	0	0
Payments on accounts receivable securitization program	0	0	0
Debt issuance costs	0	0	0
Proceeds received from note offering			0
Redemption Of Senior Notes And Senior Subordinated Notes			0
Intercompany loan (payments) proceeds	(15,589)	81,526	51,976
Distributions to non-controlling interest	0	0	0
Contributions from (to) parent	(138,961)	(479,766)	(342,257)
Dividends to parent	733,292	702,003	708,341
Cash flows used in financing activities	578,742	303,763	418,060
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash and cash equivalents	0	0	0
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	0	0	0
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	0	0	0
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Subsidiary) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable: allowance for doubtful accounts
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at Beginning of Period	$ 11,418	$ 11,195	$ 14,946
Charged to Costs and Expenses	12,737	9,013	4,527
Deductions	11,678	8,790	8,278
Balance at End of Period	12,477	11,418	11,195
Deducted in balance sheet from trade accounts receivable: allowance for doubtful accounts | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at Beginning of Period	11,418	11,195	14,946
Charged to Costs and Expenses	12,737	9,013	4,527
Deductions	11,678	8,790	8,278
Balance at End of Period	12,477	11,418	11,195
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets: valuation allowance
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at Beginning of Period	4,435	19,433	20,997
Charged to Costs and Expenses	898	0	0
Deductions	0	14,998	1,564
Balance at End of Period	5,333	4,435	19,433
Deducted in balance sheet from deferred tax assets: valuation allowance | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at Beginning of Period	4,435	19,433	20,997
Charged to Costs and Expenses	898	0	0
Deductions	0	14,998	1,564
Balance at End of Period	$ 5,333	$ 4,435	$ 19,433

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Schedule of Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation (Details) (Subsidiary) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) Display Asset	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
SEC Schedule III, Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Number of advertising displays | Display	363,496
Encumbrances	$ 0
Initial Cost	0
Gross Carrying Amount	3,883,556	$ 3,745,006	$ 3,439,618
Accumulated Depreciation	$ (2,529,560)	(2,440,956)	(2,287,590)
Number of single asset exceeded 5% of the total gross carrying amount | Asset	0
Percentage of asset contribution to total gross carrying amount	5.00%
Gross real estate assets:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$ 3,745,006	3,439,618	3,293,778
Capital expenditures on new advertising displays	80,241	85,972	45,427
Capital expenditures on improvements/redevelopments of new/existing advertising displays	26,127	23,850	21,287
Capital expenditures other recurring	42,703	141,030	88,697
Land acquisitions	24,064	31,061	17,151
Acquisition of advertising displays	9,285	64,223	17,662
Assets sold or written-off	(44,442)	(39,149)	(44,466)
Foreign exchange	572	(1,599)	82
Balance at the end of the year	3,883,556	3,745,006	3,439,618
Accumulated depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year	2,440,956	2,287,590	2,192,700
Depreciation	124,072	185,820	126,805
Assets sold or written-off	(35,791)	(31,514)	(31,971)
Foreign exchange	323	(940)	56
Balance at the end of the year	$ 2,529,560	2,440,956	2,287,590
LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SEC Schedule III, Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Number of advertising displays | Display	363,496
Encumbrances		0
Initial Cost		0
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 3,883,556	3,745,006	3,439,618
Accumulated Depreciation	$ (2,529,560)	(2,440,956)	(2,287,590)
Number of single asset exceeded 5% of the total gross carrying amount | Asset	0
Percentage of asset contribution to total gross carrying amount	5.00%
Gross real estate assets:
Balance at the beginning of the year	$ 3,745,006	3,439,618	3,293,778
Capital expenditures on new advertising displays	80,241	85,972	45,427
Capital expenditures on improvements/redevelopments of new/existing advertising displays	26,127	23,850	21,287
Capital expenditures other recurring	42,703	141,030	88,697
Land acquisitions	24,064	31,061	17,151
Acquisition of advertising displays	9,285	64,223	17,662
Assets sold or written-off	(44,442)	(39,149)	(44,466)
Foreign exchange	572	(1,599)	82
Balance at the end of the year	3,883,556	3,745,006	3,439,618
Accumulated depreciation:
Balance at the beginning of the year	2,440,956	2,287,590	2,192,700
Depreciation	124,072	185,820	126,805
Assets sold or written-off	(35,791)	(31,514)	(31,971)
Foreign exchange	323	(940)	56
Balance at the end of the year	2,529,560	2,440,956	2,287,590
Non-cash amounts	1,186	103,019	48,848
New Advertising Displays
Accumulated depreciation:
Non-cash amounts	1,138	2,367	1,541
New Advertising Displays | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Accumulated depreciation:
Non-cash amounts	1,138	2,367	1,541
Acquisition of Advertising Displays
Accumulated depreciation:
Non-cash amounts	3,052	11,132	3,843
Acquisition of Advertising Displays | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Accumulated depreciation:
Non-cash amounts	$ 3,052	$ 11,132	$ 3,843
Minimum
SEC Schedule III, Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Useful Lives	5 years
Minimum | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SEC Schedule III, Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Useful Lives	5 years
Maximum
SEC Schedule III, Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Useful Lives	20 years
Maximum | LAMAR MEDIA CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SEC Schedule III, Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation [Line Items]
Useful Lives	20 years