Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

Commitments

Funding of Investments

The Company’s commitments to fund investments as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are presented in the following table (dollars in thousands):



	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Limited partnership interests and real estate joint ventures	$	360,498	$	332,169
Commercial mortgage loans	170,890		126,248
Bank loans and private placements	67,994		58,318
Equity release mortgages	100,158		130,324

The Company anticipates that the majority of its current commitments will be invested over the next five years; however, these commitments could become due any time at the request of the counterparties. Investments in limited partnership interests and real estate joint ventures are carried at cost or reported using the equity method and included in other invested assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Bank loans and private placements are carried at fair value and included in fixed maturity securities available-for-sale. Equity release mortgages are carried at unpaid principal balances, net of any amortized premium or discount and valuation allowance and included in other invested assets.

Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is subject to litigation in the normal course of its business. The Company currently has no material litigation. A legal reserve is established when the Company is notified of an arbitration demand or litigation or is notified that an arbitration demand or litigation is imminent, it is probable that the Company will incur a loss as a result and the amount of the probable loss is reasonably capable of being estimated.

Other Contingencies

The Company indemnifies its directors and officers as provided in its charters and by-laws. Since this indemnity generally is not subject to limitation with respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under this indemnity in the future.

Guarantees

Statutory Reserve Support

RGA, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, has committed to provide statutory reserve support to third parties, in exchange for a fee, by funding loans if certain defined events occur. Such statutory reserves are required under the U.S. Valuation of Life Policies Model Regulation (commonly referred to as Regulation XXX for term life insurance policies and Regulation A-XXX for universal life secondary guarantees). The third parties have recourse to RGA should the subsidiary fail to provide the required funding, however, as of March 31, 2017, the Company does not believe that it will be required to provide any funding under these commitments as the occurrence of the defined events is considered remote. The following table presents the maximum potential obligation for these commitments as of March 31, 2017 (dollars in millions):



Commitment Period	Maximum Potential Obligation
2023	$	500.0
2033	450.0
2034	2,000.0
2035	1,314.2
2036	2,932.0
2037	1,750.0

Other Guarantees

RGA has issued guarantees to third parties on behalf of its subsidiaries for the payment of amounts due under certain securities borrowing arrangements, financing arrangements and office lease obligations, whereby, if a subsidiary fails to meet an obligation, RGA or one of its other subsidiaries will make a payment to fulfill the obligation. Additionally, in limited circumstances, treaty guarantees are granted to ceding companies in order to provide them additional security, particularly in cases where RGA’s subsidiary is relatively new, unrated, or not of a significant size, relative to the ceding company. Liabilities supported by the treaty guarantees, before consideration for any legally offsetting amounts due from the guaranteed party are reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets in future policy benefits. Potential guaranteed amounts of future payments will vary depending on production levels and underwriting results. Guarantees related to borrowed securities provide additional security to third parties should a subsidiary fail to return the borrowed securities when due. RGA’s guarantees issued as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are reflected in the following table (dollars in thousands):



	March 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Treaty guarantees	$	950,809	$	902,216
Treaty guarantees, net of assets in trust	822,680		780,786
Borrowed securities	190,090		263,820
Financing arrangements	114,064		119,073
Lease obligations	2,238		2,428