UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
October 29, 2018
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported)
SANMINA CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware |
|
000-21272 |
|
77-0228183 |
(State or other jurisdiction of |
|
(Commission File Number) |
|
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
2700 North First Street
San Jose, California 95134
(Address of principal executive offices)
(408) 964-3500
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
o Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
o Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
o Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
o Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2) of this chapter)
Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
ITEM 2.02 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
On October 29, 2018, Sanmina Corporation (the Company) issued a press release announcing financial results for its fiscal quarter and year ended September 29, 2018. The press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
The information set forth in this Item 2.02, including the exhibit hereto, shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section. In addition, the information in this report shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
ITEM 9.01 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS
(d) Exhibits.
Exhibit No |
|
Description |
|
|
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Exhibit 99.1 |
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Earnings Press Release issued by Sanmina Corporation on October 29, 2018 (furnished herewith) |
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report on Form 8-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
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SANMINA CORPORATION | |
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| |
|
| |
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By: |
/s/ David R. Anderson |
|
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David R. Anderson |
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Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
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| |
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| |
Date: October 29, 2018 |
|
FINANCIAL NEWS
SANMINA REPORTS FOURTH QUARTER AND FISCAL YEAR END RESULTS
San Jose, CA October 29, 2018. Sanmina Corporation (Sanmina or the Company) (NASDAQ: SANM), a leading integrated manufacturing solutions company, today reported financial results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended September 29, 2018.
Fourth Quarter Fiscal 2018 Summary
· Revenue of $1.88 billion
· GAAP operating margin of 0.8 percent
· GAAP diluted earnings per share of $0.08
· Non-GAAP(1) operating margin of 3.5 percent
· Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share of $0.67
Fiscal Year 2018 Summary
· Revenue of $7.11 billion
· GAAP loss per share of $1.30
· Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share of $2.21
We delivered respectable quarterly results. Revenue grew 3.5 percent, operating margin expanded 50 basis points and our earnings per share were up 21.3 percent sequentially. Our continuous improvement in the areas we can control are evident in our results, stated Jure Sola, Executive Chairman. Fiscal 2018 revenue also grew 3.5 percent; however, profitability for the year fell short of our expectations. While we made nice improvements in our fourth quarter, there is still more work to do. We are moving in the right direction and I am encouraged by our momentum as we head into 2019.
Sanmina has a solid foundation and I am confident in the teams ability to get us back to sustainable profitable growth. We have a lot of leverage in our business model that we can translate into higher levels of shareholder value. I am excited about the opportunities ahead of us, stated Michael Clarke, Chief Executive Officer.
Revenue for the fourth quarter was $1.88 billion, compared to $1.81 billion in the prior quarter and $1.76 billion for the same period of fiscal 2017. Revenue for fiscal year ended September 29, 2018 was $7.11 billion, compared to $6.87 billion for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.
GAAP operating income in the fourth quarter was $15.8 million or 0.8 percent of revenue, compared to $43.1 million or 2.5 percent of revenue for the same period a year ago. GAAP operating income for fiscal year 2018 was $125.4 million, compared to $226.5 million in fiscal year 2017. GAAP net income in the fourth quarter was $5.4 million, compared to $25.8 million for the same period a year ago. GAAP diluted earnings per share for the fourth quarter was $0.08, compared to $0.33 in the same period a year ago. GAAP net loss for fiscal year 2018 was $90.9 million, compared to GAAP net income of $138.8 million in fiscal year 2017. GAAP loss per share in fiscal year 2018 was $1.30, compared to GAAP diluted earnings per share of $1.78 in fiscal year 2017. (The first quarter of 2018 GAAP loss per share includes a non-cash tax charge of $2.27 per share as a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts & Jobs Act and the fourth quarter of 2018 includes a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $0.43 per share.)
Non-GAAP operating income in the fourth quarter was $64.7 million or 3.5 percent of revenue, compared to $61.1 million or 3.5 percent of revenue for the same period a year ago. Non-GAAP operating income for the full fiscal year was $218.8 million or 3.1 percent of revenue compared to $275.2 million or 4.0 percent of revenue for fiscal year 2017. Non-GAAP net income in the fourth quarter was $48.1 million, compared to $49.8 million for the same period a year ago. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share for the fourth quarter was $0.67, compared to $0.64 in the same period a year ago. Non-GAAP net income for fiscal year 2018 was $161.4 million, compared to $224.6 million in fiscal year 2017. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share in fiscal year 2018 was $2.21, compared to $2.87 in fiscal year 2017.
Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Summary
· Ending cash and cash equivalents were $419.5 million
· Cash flow from operations was $60.5 million in Q4 and $156.4 million for FY18
· Inventory turns were 5.5x
· Cash cycle days were 47.3 days
First Quarter Fiscal 2019 Outlook
The following outlook is for the first fiscal quarter ending December 29, 2018. These statements are forward-looking and actual results may differ materially.
· Revenue between $1.875 billion to $1.925 billion
· GAAP diluted earnings per share between $0.57 to $0.63, including stock-based compensation expense of $0.10 and amortization of intangible assets of $0.01
· Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share between $0.68 to $0.74
This outlook includes the expected impact from the adoption of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASC 606 to materially impact its revenue or earnings per share.
Company Conference Call Information
Sanmina will hold a conference call to review its financial results for the fourth quarter on Monday, October 29, 2018 at 5:00 p.m. ET (2:00 p.m. PT). The access numbers are: domestic 877-273-6760 and international 706-634-6605. The conference will also be webcast live over the Internet. You can log on to the live webcast at www.sanmina.com. Additional information in the form of a slide presentation is available on Sanminas website at www.sanmina.com. A replay of the conference call will be available for 48-hours. The access numbers are: domestic 855-859-2056 and international 404-537-3406, access code is 8067279.
(1) In the commentary set forth above and/or in the financial statements included in this earnings release, we present the following non-GAAP financial measures: operating income, operating margin, net income and diluted earnings per share. In computing each of these non-GAAP financial measures, we exclude charges or gains relating to: stock-based compensation expenses, restructuring costs (including employee severance and benefits costs and charges related to excess facilities and assets), acquisition and integration costs (consisting of costs associated with the acquisition and integration of acquired businesses into our operations), impairment charges for goodwill and other assets, amortization expense and charges associated with distressed customers, litigation settlements, gains and losses on sales of assets and redemptions of debt, deferred tax and discrete tax items to the extent material in the applicable period. See Schedule 1 below for more information regarding our use of non-GAAP financial measures, including the economic substance behind each exclusion, the manner in which management uses non-GAAP measures to conduct and evaluate the business, the material limitations associated with using such measures and the manner in which management compensates for such limitations. A reconciliation of the non-GAAP results contained in this release to their most directly comparable GAAP measures is included in the financial statements contained in this release.
About Sanmina
Sanmina Corporation is a leading integrated manufacturing solutions provider serving the fastest growing segments of the global Electronics Manufacturing Services (EMS) market. Recognized as a technology leader, Sanmina provides end-to-end manufacturing solutions, delivering superior quality and support to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) primarily in the communications networks, storage, industrial, defense, medical, energy and industries that include embedded computing technologies such as point of sale devices, casino gaming and automotive. Sanmina has facilities strategically located in key regions throughout the world. More information about the Company is available at www.sanmina.com.
Sanmina Safe Harbor Statement
Certain statements contained in this press release, including the Companys outlook for the first quarter fiscal 2019 results and statements regarding the expected impact of the new revenue recognition standard, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in these statements as a result of a number of factors, including adverse changes to the key markets we target; significant uncertainties that can cause our future sales and net income to be variable; reliance on a small number of customers for a substantial portion of our sales; risks arising from our international operations; finalization of the manner of adoption of the new revenue recognition standard; and the other factors set forth in the Companys annual and quarterly reports filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC).
The Company is under no obligation to (and expressly disclaims any such obligation to) update or alter any of the forward-looking statements made in this earnings release, the conference call or the Investor Relations section of our website whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless otherwise required by law.
Sanmina Contact
Paige Bombino
Vice President, Investor Relations
408-964-3610
Press Release Financials |
SANMINA |
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2700 North First Street |
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San Jose, CA 95134 |
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Tel: 408-964-3610 |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands)
(GAAP)
|
|
September 29, |
|
September 30, |
| ||
|
|
2018 |
|
2017 |
| ||
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
|
| ||
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Current assets: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
419,528 |
|
$ |
406,661 |
|
Accounts receivable, net |
|
1,177,219 |
|
1,110,334 |
| ||
Inventories |
|
1,363,004 |
|
1,051,669 |
| ||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
43,676 |
|
47,586 |
| ||
Total current assets |
|
3,003,427 |
|
2,616,250 |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Property, plant and equipment, net |
|
642,913 |
|
640,275 |
| ||
Deferred tax assets |
|
342,724 |
|
476,554 |
| ||
Other |
|
83,669 |
|
114,284 |
| ||
Total assets |
|
$ |
4,072,733 |
|
$ |
3,847,363 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Accounts payable |
|
$ |
1,530,399 |
|
$ |
1,280,106 |
|
Accrued liabilities |
|
136,427 |
|
116,582 |
| ||
Accrued payroll and related benefits |
|
124,748 |
|
130,939 |
| ||
Short-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt |
|
593,321 |
|
88,416 |
| ||
Total current liabilities |
|
2,384,895 |
|
1,616,043 |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Long-term liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Long-term debt |
|
14,346 |
|
391,447 |
| ||
Other |
|
196,048 |
|
192,189 |
| ||
Total long-term liabilities |
|
210,394 |
|
583,636 |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Stockholders equity |
|
1,477,444 |
|
1,647,684 |
| ||
Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
|
$ |
4,072,733 |
|
$ |
3,847,363 |
|
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(GAAP)
(Unaudited)
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Twelve Months Ended |
| ||||||||
|
|
Sept. 29, |
|
Sept. 30, |
|
Sept. 29, |
|
Sept. 30, |
| ||||
|
|
2018 |
|
2017 |
|
2018 |
|
2017 |
| ||||
Net sales |
|
$ |
1,876,335 |
|
$ |
1,755,003 |
|
$ |
7,110,130 |
|
$ |
6,868,619 |
|
Cost of sales |
|
1,749,252 |
|
1,631,152 |
|
6,640,347 |
|
6,348,708 |
| ||||
Gross profit |
|
127,083 |
|
123,851 |
|
469,783 |
|
519,911 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Selling, general and administrative |
|
60,516 |
|
65,332 |
|
250,924 |
|
251,568 |
| ||||
Research and development |
|
6,774 |
|
8,714 |
|
30,754 |
|
33,716 |
| ||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
190 |
|
918 |
|
2,908 |
|
3,672 |
| ||||
Restructuring costs |
|
13,174 |
|
1,218 |
|
29,146 |
|
1,339 |
| ||||
Goodwill and other asset impairments |
|
30,610 |
|
4,600 |
|
30,610 |
|
4,600 |
| ||||
Gain on sales of long-lived assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,451 |
) | ||||
Total operating expenses |
|
111,264 |
|
80,782 |
|
344,342 |
|
293,444 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Operating income |
|
15,819 |
|
43,069 |
|
125,441 |
|
226,467 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Interest income |
|
204 |
|
607 |
|
1,268 |
|
1,265 |
| ||||
Interest expense |
|
(7,410 |
) |
(5,678 |
) |
(27,734 |
) |
(21,934 |
) | ||||
Other income, net |
|
817 |
|
1,661 |
|
4,564 |
|
7,682 |
| ||||
Interest and other, net |
|
(6,389 |
) |
(3,410 |
) |
(21,902 |
) |
(12,987 |
) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Income before income taxes |
|
9,430 |
|
39,659 |
|
103,539 |
|
213,480 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Provision for income taxes |
|
4,048 |
|
13,811 |
|
194,472 |
|
74,647 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Net income (loss) |
|
$ |
5,382 |
|
$ |
25,848 |
|
$ |
(90,933 |
) |
$ |
138,833 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Basic income (loss) per share |
|
$ |
0.08 |
|
$ |
0.35 |
|
$ |
(1.30 |
) |
$ |
1.86 |
|
Diluted income (loss) per share |
|
$ |
0.08 |
|
$ |
0.33 |
|
$ |
(1.30 |
) |
$ |
1.78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Weighted-average shares used in computing per share amounts: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Basic |
|
68,236 |
|
74,281 |
|
69,833 |
|
74,481 |
| ||||
Diluted |
|
71,500 |
|
77,575 |
|
69,833 |
|
78,128 |
|
Reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP Measures
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Twelve Months Ended |
| ||||||||
|
|
Sept. 29, |
|
Sept. 30, |
|
Sept. 29, |
|
Sept. 30, |
| ||||
|
|
2018 |
|
2017 |
|
2018 |
|
2017 |
| ||||
GAAP Operating Income |
|
$ |
15,819 |
|
$ |
43,069 |
|
$ |
125,441 |
|
$ |
226,467 |
|
GAAP operating margin |
|
0.8 |
% |
2.5 |
% |
1.8 |
% |
3.3 |
% | ||||
Adjustments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Stock compensation expense (1) |
|
4,127 |
|
11,012 |
|
32,825 |
|
37,920 |
| ||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
1,092 |
|
1,820 |
|
6,516 |
|
7,280 |
| ||||
Reversal of contingent consideration accrual (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
(4,812 |
) |
|
| ||||
Distressed customer charges (3) |
|
(73 |
) |
(573 |
) |
(926 |
) |
(973 |
) | ||||
Restructuring costs |
|
13,174 |
|
1,218 |
|
29,146 |
|
1,339 |
| ||||
Gain on sales of long-lived assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,451 |
) | ||||
Goodwill and other asset impairments |
|
30,610 |
|
4,600 |
|
30,610 |
|
4,600 |
| ||||
Non-GAAP Operating Income |
|
$ |
64,749 |
|
$ |
61,146 |
|
$ |
218,800 |
|
$ |
275,182 |
|
Non-GAAP operating margin |
|
3.5 |
% |
3.5 |
% |
3.1 |
% |
4.0 |
% | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
GAAP Net Income (Loss) |
|
$ |
5,382 |
|
$ |
25,848 |
|
$ |
(90,933 |
) |
$ |
138,833 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Adjustments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Operating income adjustments (see above) |
|
48,930 |
|
18,077 |
|
93,359 |
|
48,715 |
| ||||
Litigation settlements (4) |
|
(475 |
) |
|
|
(762 |
) |
|
| ||||
Adjustments for taxes (5) |
|
(5,783 |
) |
5,846 |
|
159,756 |
|
37,035 |
| ||||
Non-GAAP Net Income |
|
$ |
48,054 |
|
$ |
49,771 |
|
$ |
161,420 |
|
$ |
224,583 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
GAAP Net Income (Loss) Per Share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Basic |
|
$ |
0.08 |
|
$ |
0.35 |
|
$ |
(1.30 |
) |
$ |
1.86 |
|
Diluted |
|
$ |
0.08 |
|
$ |
0.33 |
|
$ |
(1.30 |
) |
$ |
1.78 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Non-GAAP Net Income Per Share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Basic |
|
$ |
0.70 |
|
$ |
0.67 |
|
$ |
2.31 |
|
$ |
3.02 |
|
Diluted |
|
$ |
0.67 |
|
$ |
0.64 |
|
$ |
2.21 |
|
$ |
2.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Weighted-average shares used in computing GAAP per share amounts: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Basic |
|
68,236 |
|
74,281 |
|
69,833 |
|
74,481 |
| ||||
Diluted |
|
71,500 |
|
77,575 |
|
69,833 |
|
78,128 |
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Weighted-average shares used in computing non-GAAP per share amounts: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Basic |
|
68,236 |
|
74,281 |
|
69,833 |
|
74,481 |
| ||||
Diluted |
|
71,500 |
|
77,575 |
|
73,200 |
|
78,128 |
|
(1)Stock compensation expense was as follows: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Cost of sales |
|
$ |
1,833 |
|
$ |
2,180 |
|
$ |
8,187 |
|
$ |
8,958 |
|
Selling, general and administrative |
|
3,164 |
|
8,677 |
|
25,206 |
|
28,169 |
| ||||
Research and development |
|
(870 |
) |
155 |
|
(568 |
) |
793 |
| ||||
Total |
|
$ |
4,127 |
|
$ |
11,012 |
|
$ |
32,825 |
|
$ |
37,920 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
(2)Represents a reduction in an accrual for contingent consideration related to an acquisition completed in a previous period. |
| ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
(3)Relates to recovery of previously written-off inventory and bad debt associated with distressed customers. |
| ||||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||
(4)Represents cash received in connection with certain litigation settlements |
| ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
(5)GAAP provision for income taxes |
|
$ |
4,048 |
|
$ |
13,811 |
|
$ |
194,472 |
|
$ |
74,647 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Adjustments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
Tax impact of operating income adjustments |
|
990 |
|
152 |
|
1,889 |
|
1,556 |
| ||||
Discrete tax items |
|
177 |
|
(50 |
) |
3,230 |
|
7,141 |
| ||||
Other deferred tax adjustments |
|
3,312 |
|
(5,948 |
) |
(3,779 |
) |
(45,732 |
) | ||||
Impact of US Tax Reform |
|
1,304 |
|
|
|
(161,096 |
) |
|
| ||||
Subtotal - adjustments for taxes |
|
5,783 |
|
(5,846 |
) |
(159,756 |
) |
(37,035 |
) | ||||
Non-GAAP provision for income taxes |
|
$ |
9,831 |
|
$ |
7,965 |
|
$ |
34,716 |
|
$ |
37,612 |
|
Schedule I
The commentary and financial information above includes non-GAAP measures of operating income, operating margin, net income and earnings per share. Management excludes from these measures stock-based compensation, restructuring, acquisition and integration expenses, impairment charges, amortization charges and other infrequent items, as adjusted for taxes, to the extent material or which we consider to be of a non-operational nature in the applicable period, and as more fully described below.
Management excludes these items principally because such charges are not directly related to the Companys ongoing core business operations. We use such non-GAAP measures in order to (1) make more meaningful period-to-period comparisons of Companys operations, both internally and externally, (2) guide management in assessing the performance of the business, internally allocating resources and making decisions in furtherance of Companys strategic plan, (3) provide investors with a better understanding of how management plans and measures the business and (4) provide investors with a better understanding of the ongoing, core business. The material limitations to managements approach include the fact that the charges and expenses excluded are nonetheless charges required to be recognized under GAAP and, in some cases, consume cash which reduces the Companys liquidity. Management compensates for these limitations primarily by reviewing GAAP results to obtain a complete picture of the Companys performance and by including a reconciliation of non-GAAP results back to GAAP in its earnings releases.
Additional information regarding the economic substance of each exclusion, managements use of the resultant non-GAAP measures, the material limitations of managements approach and managements methods for compensating for such limitations is provided below.
Stock-based Compensation Expense, which consists of non-cash charges for the estimated fair value of stock options and unvested restricted stock units granted to employees, is excluded in order to permit more meaningful period-to-period comparisons of the Companys results since the Company grants different amounts and value of stock options in each quarter. In addition, given the fact that competitors grant different amounts and types of equity award and may use different option valuation assumptions, excluding stock-based compensation permits more accurate comparisons of the Companys core results with those of its competitors.
Restructuring, Acquisition and Integration Expenses, which consist of severance, lease termination, exit costs and other charges primarily related to closing and consolidating manufacturing facilities and those associated with the acquisition and integration of acquired businesses, are excluded because such charges (1) can be driven by the timing of acquisitions which are difficult to predict, (2) are not directly related to ongoing business results and (3) do not reflect expected future operating expenses. In addition, given the fact that the Companys competitors complete acquisitions and adopt restructuring plans at different times and in different amounts than the Company, excluding these charges permits more accurate comparisons of the Companys core results with those of its competitors. Items excluded by the Company may be different from those excluded by the Companys competitors and restructuring and integration expenses include both cash and non-cash expenses. Cash expenses reduce the Companys liquidity. Therefore, management also reviews GAAP results including these amounts.
Impairment Charges, which consist of non-cash charges, are excluded because such charges are non-recurring and do not reduce the Companys liquidity. In addition, given the fact that the Companys competitors may record impairment charges at different times, excluding these charges permits more accurate comparisons of the Companys core results with those of its competitors.
Amortization Charges, which consist of non-cash charges impacted by the timing and magnitude of acquisitions of businesses or assets, are also excluded because such charges do not reduce the Companys liquidity. In addition, such charges can be driven by the timing of acquisitions, which is difficult to predict. Excluding these charges permits more accurate comparisons of the Companys core results with those of its competitors because the Companys competitors complete acquisitions at different times and for different amounts than the Company.
Other Infrequent Items, which consist of other infrequent or unusual items (including charges associated with distressed customers, litigation settlements and gains and losses on sales of assets and redemptions of debt), to the extent material or non-operational in nature, are excluded because such items are typically non-recurring, difficult to predict or not directly related to the Companys ongoing core operations. However, items excluded by the Company may be different from those excluded by the Companys competitors. In addition, these expenses include both cash and non-cash expenses. Cash expenses reduce the Companys liquidity. Management compensates for these limitations by reviewing GAAP results including these amounts.
Adjustments for Taxes, which consist of the tax effects of the various adjustments that we include in our non-GAAP measures, and adjustments related to deferred tax and discrete tax items. Including these adjustments permits more accurate comparisons of the Companys core results with those of its competitors. We determine the tax adjustments based upon the various applicable effective tax rates. In those jurisdictions where we do not expect to realize a tax cost or benefit (due to a history of operating losses or other factors), a reduced tax rate is applied.