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Retirement Benefit Plans
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
Defined Benefit Plans
 
In connection with the February 3, 2006 purchase of all the net assets of the Gradall excavator business, the Company assumed sponsorship of two Gradall non-contributory defined benefit pension plans, both of which are frozen with respect to both future benefit accruals and future new entrants.
 
The Gradall Company Employees’ Retirement Plan covers approximately 247 former employees and 55 current employees who (i) were formerly employed by JLG Industries, Inc., (ii) were not covered by a collective bargaining agreement and (iii) first participated in the plan before December 31, 2004. An amendment ceasing future benefit accruals for certain participants was effective December 31, 2004. A second amendment discontinued all future benefit accruals for all participants effective April 24, 2006.

The Gradall Company Hourly Employees’ Pension Plan covered former employees and current employees who (i) were formerly employed by JLG Industries, Inc., (ii) were covered by a collective bargaining agreement and (iii) first participated in the plan before April 6, 1997. An amendment ceasing all future benefit accruals was effective April 6, 1997.

 The following table sets forth the change in plan assets, change in projected benefit obligation, rate assumptions and components of net periodic benefit cost as of December 31 with respect to the plan. The measurement dates of the assets and liabilities of the plan were December 31 of the respective years presented.
 
Reconciliation of Funded Status
 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)   20202019
Change in projected benefit obligation   
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$22,449 $20,050 
Service cost4 3 
Interest cost689 819 
Liability actuarial (gain) loss 2,025 2,604 
Benefits paid(1,067)(1,027)
Benefit obligation at end of year$24,100 $22,449 
Change in fair value of plan assets    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year$20,605 $18,106 
Return on plan assets2,832 3,526 
Employer contributions— — 
Benefits paid(1,067)(1,027)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year22,370 20,605 
Funded status $(1,730)$(1,844)
 
The Company recognizes the overfunded or underfunded status (i.e., the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligations) of defined benefit postretirement plans as an asset or liability in its consolidated balance sheet and recognizes changes in the funded status in the year in which the changes occur. The Company measures the funded status of a plan as of the date of the year-end consolidated balance sheet.
 
The underfunded status of the plan of $1.7 million and $1.8 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, is recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as long-term accrued pension liability because plan assets are less than the value of benefit obligations expected to be paid.
 
The accumulated benefit obligation for our pension plan represents the actuarial present value of benefits based on employee service and compensation as of a certain date and does not include an assumption about future compensation levels.
 
In determining the projected benefit obligation and the net pension cost, we used the following significant weighted-average assumptions:
 
Rates to Determine Benefit Obligation
 
Year Ended December 31,
 20202019
Discount rate2.35%3.15%
Composite rate of compensation increaseN/AN/A
 

Rates to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 Year Ended December 31,
 20202019
Discount rate3.15%4.20%
Long-term rate of return on plan assets7.25%7.25%
Composite rate of compensation increaseN/AN/A
  
The Company employs a building block approach in determining the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. Historical markets are studied and long-term historical relationships between equities and fixed income are
preserved consistent with the widely accepted capital market principle that assets with higher volatility generate a greater return over the long run. Current market factors such as inflation and interest rates are evaluated before long-term market assumptions are determined. The long-term portfolio return is established via a building block approach with proper consideration of diversification and rebalancing. Peer data and historical returns are reviewed to check for reasonability and appropriateness.

The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost (gains are denoted with parentheses and losses are not):
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 Year Ended December 31,
 (in thousands)
20202019
Service cost$4 $3 
Interest cost689 819 
Expected return on plan assets(1,452)(1,273)
Amortization of net loss508 542 
Net periodic benefit cost$(251)$91 

 The Company estimates that $0.5 million of unrecognized actuarial expense will be amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic benefit costs during 2021.
 
The Company employs a total return investment approach whereby a mix of equities and fixed income investments are used to maximize the long-term return of plan assets for a prudent level of risk. Risk tolerance is established through careful consideration of plan liabilities, plan funded status, and corporate financial condition. The investment portfolio contains a diversified blend of equity and fixed income investments. Furthermore, equity investments are diversified across U.S. and non-U.S. stocks, as well as growth, value, and small and large capitalization. Other assets such as real estate, private equity, and hedge funds are used judiciously to enhance long-term returns while improving portfolio diversification. Derivatives may be used to gain market exposure in an efficient and timely manner; however, derivatives may not be used to leverage the portfolio beyond the market value of the underlying investments. Investment risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through quarterly investment portfolio reviews, annual liability measurements, and periodic asset/liability studies. Our current asset allocations are consistent with our targeted allocations.
 
The pension plans' weighted-average asset allocation as a percentage of plan assets at December 31 is as follows:
 
Asset Allocation as a Percentage of the Plan
 
Year Ended December 31,
 20202019
Equity securities56%56%
Debt securities38%37%
Short-term investments2%2%
Other4%5%
Total100%100%
  
The following table presents the hierarchy levels for our postretirement benefit plan investments as of December 31 as described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements:
 
 

 
 
(in thousands)		December 31, 2020
Quoted
Prices in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Mutual Funds:    
Mid Cap$1,450 $1,450 $— $— 
Large Cap3,233 3,233 — — 
International2,660 2,660 — — 
Common/Collective Trusts:
Wells Fargo Liability Driven Solution 3,106 — 3,106 — 
Wells Fargo BlackRock International Equity959 — 959 — 
Wells Fargo Core Bond1,552 — 1,552 — 
Wells Fargo/Causeway International Value923 — 923 — 
Wells Fargo BlackRock Large Cap Growth Index Fund1,268 — 1,268 — 
Wells Fargo BlackRock Large Cap Value Index Fund1,240 — 1,240 — 
Wells Fargo Multi-Manager Small Cap1,544 — 1,544 — 
Wells Fargo BlackRock Russell 2000 Index Fund702 — 702 — 
Wells Fargo BlackRock S&P Mid Cap Index Fund781 — 781 — 
Wells Fargo/MFS Value CIT F627 — 627 — 
Wells Fargo/T. Rowe Price Large-Cap Growth Managed CIT639 — 639 — 
Wells Fargo/T. Rowe Price Equity Income Managed CIT643 — 643 — 
Wells Fargo Voya Large Cap Growth CIT F639 — 639 — 
Cash & Short-term Investments404 404 — — 
Total$22,370 $7,747 $14,623 $— 
            
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)		December 31, 2019
Quoted
Prices in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
Mutual Funds:    
Mid Cap$2,239 $2,239 $— $— 
Large Cap2,574 2,574 — — 
International1,879 1,879 — — 
Common/Collective Trusts:
Wells Fargo Liability Driven Solution 2,866 — 2,866 — 
Wells Fargo BlackRock International Equity861 — 861 — 
Wells Fargo Core Bond1,413 — 1,413 — 
Wells Fargo/Causeway International Value864 — 864 — 
Wells Fargo BlackRock Large Cap Growth Index Fund1,153 — 1,153 — 
Wells Fargo BlackRock Large Cap Value Index Fund1,159 — 1,159 — 
Wells Fargo Multi-Manager Small Cap1,434 — 1,434 — 
Wells Fargo BlackRock Russell 2000 Index Fund667 — 667 — 
Wells Fargo BlackRock S&P Mid Cap Index Fund732 — 732 — 
Wells Fargo/MFS Value CIT F599 — 599 — 
Wells Fargo/T. Rowe Price Large-Cap Growth Managed CIT602 — 602 — 
Wells Fargo/T. Rowe Price Equity Income Managed CIT590 — 590 — 
Wells Fargo Voya Large Cap Growth CIT F605 — 605 — 
Cash & Short-term Investments368 368 — — 
Total$20,605 $7,060 $13,545 $— 
              
Our interests in the common collective trust investments are managed by one custodian. Consistent with our investment policy, the custodian has invested the assets across a widely diversified portfolio of U.S. and international equity and fixed income securities. Fair values of each security within the collective trust as of December 31, 2020 were obtained from the custodian and are based on quoted market prices of individual investments; however, since the fund itself does not have a quoted market price, these assets are considered Level 2.

The common collective funds noted in the above table have estimated fair value using the net asset value per share of investments. Investments can be redeemed immediately at the current net asset value per share based on the fair value of the underlying assets. Redemption frequency is daily. The categories contain investments in equity securities of smaller growing companies, medium-sized U.S. companies, large value-oriented and growth-oriented companies, and foreign companies traded on international markets.
 
Expected benefit payments are estimated using the same assumptions used in determining our benefit obligation as of December 31, 2020. The following table illustrates the estimated pension benefit payments that are projected to be paid:
 
Projected Future Benefit Payments
 
(in thousands)
Employees’
Retirement Plan
2021$1,219 
20221,273 
20231,291 
20241,300 
20251,309 
Years 2026 through 20306,365 

Supplemental Retirement Plan
 
The Board of Directors of the Company adopted the Alamo Group Inc. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (the “SERP”), effective as of January 3, 2011.  The SERP will benefit certain key management or other highly compensated employees of the Company and/or certain subsidiaries who are selected by the Compensation Committee and approved by the Board to participate.
  
The SERP is intended to provide a benefit from the Company upon retirement, death or disability, or a change in control of the Company.  Accordingly, the SERP obligates the Company to pay to a participant a Retirement Benefit (as defined in the SERP) upon the occurrence of certain payment events to the extent a participant has a vested right thereto.  A participant’s right to his or her Retirement Benefit becomes vested in the Company’s contributions upon 10 years of Credited Service (as defined in the SERP) or a change in control of the Company.  The Retirement Benefit is based on 20% of the final three-year average salary of each participant on or after his or her normal retirement age (65 years of age).  In the event of the participant’s death or a change in control, the participant’s vested retirement benefit will be paid in a lump sum to the participant or his or her estate, as applicable, within 90 days after the participant’s death or a change in control, as applicable.  In the event that the participant is entitled to a benefit from the SERP due to disability, retirement or other termination of employment, the benefit will be paid in monthly installments over a period of fifteen years.
 
The Company records amounts relating to the SERP based on calculations that incorporate various actuarial and other assumptions, including discount rates, rate of compensation increases, retirement dates and life expectancy.  The net periodic costs are recognized as employees render the services necessary to earn the SERP benefits.

In May of 2015, the Board amended the SERP to allow the Board to modify the retirement benefit percentage either higher or lower than 20%. In May of 2016, the Board added additional highly compensated employees to the plan. As of December 31, 2020, the current retirement benefit (as defined in the plan) for the participants ranges from 10% to 20%.
 
The change in the Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, is shown below:
 
Reconciliation of Benefit Obligation
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)20202019
Benefit obligation at January 1,$9,022 $7,446 
Service cost305 240 
Interest cost236 298 
Liability actuarial loss (gain)1,168 1,193 
Benefits paid(1,025)(155)
Plan amendments454 — 
Benefit obligation at December 31,$10,160 $9,022 

The components of net periodic pension expense were as follows:
 
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)20202019
Service cost$305 $240 
Interest cost236 298 
Amortization of prior service cost317 318 
Amortization of net (gain)/loss158 — 
Recognition of settlement188 — 
Net periodic benefit cost$1,204 $856 
 
The Company estimates that $0.7 million of unrecognized actuarial expense will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit costs during 2021.

In determining the projected benefit obligation and the net pension cost, we used the following significant weighted-average assumptions:
 
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31:
 
Rates to Determine Benefit Obligation
 20202019
Discount rate2.05%2.95%
Composite rate of compensation increase3.00%3.00%
 
Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31:
 
Rates to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 20202019
Discount rate2.95%4.10%
Composite rate of compensation increase3.00%3.00%
Long-term rate of return on plan assetsN/AN/A
Future estimated benefits expected to be paid from the plan over the next ten years as follows:

Projected Future Benefit Payments
(in thousands)SERP
2021$360 
2022464 
2023469 
2024503 
2025575 
Years 2026 through 20303,702 

Defined Contribution Plans
 
The Company has two defined contribution plans, The Gradall Salaried Employees’ Savings and Investment Plan (“Salary Plan”) and The International Association of Machinist and Aerospace Workers Retirement Plan (“IAM Plan”). The Company contributed $0.4 million, $0.6 million, and $0.4 million to the IAM Plan for the plan years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company converted the Salary Plan into its 401(k) retirement and savings plan and put the Hourly Plan into a separate 401(k) retirement and savings plan.
 
The Company provides a defined contribution 401(k) retirement and savings plan for eligible U.S. employees. Company matching contributions are based on a percentage of employee contributions. Company contributions to the plan during 2020, 2019 and 2018 were $3.5 million, $2.8 million, and $2.3 million, respectively.
 
Three of the Company’s international subsidiaries also participate in a defined contribution and savings plan covering eligible employees. The Company’s international subsidiaries contribute between 0% and 10% of the participant’s salary up to a specific limit. Total contributions made to the above plans were $0.9 million, $0.9 million, and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.