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Stockholders' Equity - Stock Option Activity and Related Share-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2020
Jul. 31, 2019
Jul. 31, 2018
Jul. 31, 2020
Summary of stock option activity, number of shares        
Number of shares, Beginning Balance (in shares) 3,374 5,154 7,488  
Granted (in shares) 382 487 455  
Exercised (in shares) (993) (1,924) (2,416)  
Canceled or expired (in shares) (82) (343) (373)  
Number of shares, Ending Balance (in shares) 2,681 3,374 5,154  
Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share        
Weighted average exercise price per share, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share) $ 150.75 $ 120.26 $ 104.50  
Granted (in dollars per share) 303.94 274.26 216.64  
Exercised (in dollars per share) 111.82 102.49 89.41  
Canceled or expired (in dollars per share) 188.39 138.59 121.31  
Weighted average exercise price per share, Ending Balance (in dollars per share) $ 185.83 $ 150.75 $ 120.26  
Stock Options Outstanding        
Number of shares (in thousands), options outstanding (in shares) 2,681 3,374 5,154 2,681
Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years), options outstanding 4 years 4 months 20 days      
Weighted average exercise price per share, options outstanding (in dollars per share) $ 185.83 $ 150.75 $ 120.26 $ 185.83
Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions), options outstanding       $ 323
Number of shares (in thousands), options exercisable (in shares)       1,808
Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years) options exercisable 3 years 6 months 3 days      
Weighted average exercise price per share, options exercisable (in dollars per share)       $ 141.76
Aggregate intrinsic value (in millions), options exercisable       $ 298
Market price of common stock (in dollars per share)       $ 306.37
Additional information on stock options and ESPP shares        
Weighted average fair value of options granted (in dollars per share) $ 74.85 $ 63.18 $ 50.77  
Total grant date fair value of options vested $ 28 $ 30 $ 38  
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised 159 248 188  
Total tax benefit for stock option and ESPP share-based compensation 173 200 199  
Cash received from option exercises 111 197 216  
Cash tax benefits realized related to tax deductions for non-qualified option exercises and disqualifying dispositions under all share-based payment arrangements 39 58 53  
Stock Options And Espp        
Additional information on stock options and ESPP shares        
Share-based compensation expense for stock options and ESPP 53 50 56  
Total tax benefit for stock option and ESPP share-based compensation $ 39 $ 59 $ 56  
Employee Stock Option        
Additional information on stock options and ESPP shares        
Unrecognized compensation cost       $ 57
Weighted average vesting period 3 years 3 months 18 days