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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2016
Equity [Abstract]  
Total share-based compensation expense
The following table summarizes the total share-based compensation expense that we recorded in operating income from continuing operations for the periods shown.
 
Twelve Months Ended July 31,
(In millions except per share amounts)
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Cost of service and other revenue
$
8

 
$
6

 
$
7

Selling and marketing
77

 
69

 
53

Research and development
90

 
80

 
59

General and administrative
103

 
87

 
67

Total share-based compensation expense from continuing operations
278

 
242

 
186

Income tax benefit
(86
)
 
(75
)
 
(60
)
Decrease in net income from continuing operations
$
192

 
$
167

 
$
126

 
 
 
 
 
 
Decrease in net income per share from continuing operations:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.73

 
$
0.59

 
$
0.44

Diluted
$
0.72

 
$
0.58

 
$
0.43
Assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted and shares purchased under Employee Stock Purchase Plan
We used the following assumptions to estimate the fair value of stock options granted and shares purchased under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan for the periods indicated:
 
Twelve Months Ended July 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Assumptions for stock options:
 
 
 
 
 
Expected volatility (range)
22% - 26%

 
22% - 24%

 
22% - 24%

Weighted average expected volatility
22
%
 
23
%
 
23
%
Risk-free interest rate (range)
0.98% - 1.49%

 
1.13% - 1.47%

 
1.01% - 1.40%

Expected dividend yield
1.06% - 1.36%

 
0.93% - 1.05%

 
0.92% - 1.06%

 
 
 
 
 
 
Assumptions for ESPP:
 
 
 
 
 
Expected volatility (range)
23% - 26%

 
20% - 23%

 
19% - 22%

Weighted average expected volatility
25
%
 
21
%
 
21
%
Risk-free interest rate (range)
0.06% - 0.47%

 
0.01% - 0.15%

 
0.02% - 0.08%

Expected dividend yield
1.13% - 1.34%

 
0.96% - 1.19%

 
0.94% - 1.15%
Share-based awards available for grant
A summary of share-based awards available for grant under our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan for the fiscal periods indicated was as follows:
(Shares in thousands)
Shares
Available
for Grant
Balance at July 31, 2013
12,120

Additional shares authorized
19,000

Options granted
(2,206
)
Restricted stock units granted (1)
(8,959
)
Share-based awards canceled/forfeited/expired (1)(2)
4,248

Balance at July 31, 2014
24,203

Options granted
(1,981
)
Restricted stock units granted (1)
(8,053
)
Share-based awards canceled/forfeited/expired (1)(2)
3,014

Balance at July 31, 2015
17,183

Options granted
(2,553
)
Restricted stock units granted (1)
(9,364
)
Share-based awards canceled/forfeited/expired (1)(2)
3,724

Balance at July 31, 2016
8,990

________________________________
(1)
RSUs granted from the pool of shares available for grant under our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan reduce the pool by 2.3 shares for each share granted. RSUs forfeited and returned to the pool of shares available for grant increase the pool by 2.3 shares for each share forfeited.
(2)
Stock options and restricted stock units canceled, expired or forfeited under our 2005 Equity Incentive Plan are returned to the pool of shares available for grant. Stock options and restricted stock units canceled, expired or forfeited under older expired plans are not returned to the pool of shares available for grant.
Activity under all share based compensation plans
A summary of stock option activity for the periods indicated was as follows:
 
Options Outstanding
(Shares in thousands)
Number of
Shares
 
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
Per Share
Balance at July 31, 2013
14,206

 

$43.77

Granted
2,206

 
82.15

Assumed in connection with acquisitions
261

 
5.16

Exercised
(5,041
)
 
37.74

Canceled or expired
(694
)
 
54.77

Balance at July 31, 2014
10,938

 
52.67

Granted
1,981

 
106.86

Exercised
(3,704
)
 
41.65

Canceled or expired
(502
)
 
62.32

Balance at July 31, 2015
8,713

 
69.13

Granted
2,553

 
113.08

Exercised
(2,566
)
 
48.93

Canceled or expired
(354
)
 
74.56

Balance at July 31, 2016
8,346

 

$88.55
Options outstanding, exercisable and expected to vest, and exercisable
Information regarding stock options outstanding as of July 31, 2016 is summarized below:
 
Number
of Shares
(in thousands)
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
(in Years)    
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price per
Share      
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)    
Options outstanding
8,346

 
6.07
 

$88.55

 

$206

Options vested and expected to vest
7,693

 
5.89
 

$86.76

 

$203

Options exercisable
3,757

 
3.81
 

$68.38

 

$168
Additional information regarding stock options restricted stock and ESPP
Additional information regarding our stock options and ESPP shares is shown in the table below.
 
Twelve Months Ended July 31,
(In millions except per share amounts)
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Weighted average fair value of options granted (per share)
$
20.35

 
$
19.39

 
$
21.34

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total grant date fair value of options vested
$
32

 
$
36

 
$
28

 
 
 
 
 
 
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised
$
134

 
$
191

 
$
177

 
 
 
 
 
 
Share-based compensation expense for stock options and ESPP
$
48

 
$
48

 
$
43

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total tax benefit for stock option and ESPP share-based compensation
$
13

 
$
11

 
$
11

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash received from option exercises
$
126

 
$
154

 
$
190

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash tax benefits realized related to tax deductions for non-qualified option exercises and disqualifying dispositions under all share-based payment arrangements
$
47

 
$
68

 
$
63
Summary of restricted stock unit activity
A summary of restricted stock unit (RSU) activity for the periods indicated was as follows:
(Shares in thousands)
Number
of Shares
 
Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Nonvested at July 31, 2013
9,184

 

$55.23

Granted
3,896

 
71.37

Assumed or granted in connection with acquisitions
782

 
71.00

Vested
(2,820
)
 
53.98

Forfeited
(1,587
)
 
61.76

Nonvested at July 31, 2014
9,455

 
62.46

Granted
3,501

 
89.58

Assumed or granted in connection with acquisitions
292

 
91.87

Vested
(3,155
)
 
67.00

Forfeited
(1,177
)
 
62.32

Nonvested at July 31, 2015
8,916

 
72.48

Granted
4,072

 
99.30

Vested
(2,392
)
 
78.07

Forfeited
(1,557
)
 
77.03

Nonvested at July 31, 2016
9,039

 

$82.30
Additional information regarding restricted stock units
Additional information regarding our RSUs is shown in the table below.
 
Twelve Months Ended July 31,
(In millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2014
Total fair market value of shares vested
$
288

 
$
282

 
$
204

 
 
 
 
 
 
Share-based compensation for RSUs
$
230

 
$
194

 
$
143

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total tax benefit related to RSU share-based compensation expense
$
73

 
$
64

 
$
49

 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash tax benefits realized for tax deductions for RSUs
$
92

 
$
96

 
$
134
Schedule of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
The following table shows the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes, in the stockholders’ equity section of our balance sheets at the dates indicated.
 
July 31,
(In millions)
2016
 
2015
Unrealized gains on available-for-sale debt securities
$
1

 
$
—

Foreign currency translation adjustments
(33
)
 
(30
)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss
$
(32
)
 
$
(30
)