Income Taxes	6 Months Ended
Jan. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes Adoption of ASU 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” In the second quarter of fiscal 2016, we elected to early adopt ASU 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes,” on a prospective basis. This new standard requires all deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any related valuation allowance, to be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. Prior periods were not adjusted. Effective Tax Rate We compute our provision for or benefit from income taxes by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to income or loss from recurring operations and adding the effects of any discrete income tax items specific to the period. In December 2015 the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 was signed into law. The Act includes a permanent reinstatement of the federal research and experimentation credit that was retroactive to January 1, 2015. We recorded a discrete tax benefit of approximately $12 million for the retroactive effect during the second quarter of fiscal 2016. We recorded a $1 million tax benefit on income of $28 million for the three months ended January 31, 2016. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended January 31, 2016 was approximately 87%. Excluding discrete tax items primarily related to the permanent reinstatement of the federal research and experimentation credit, as well as including the effects of losses in certain jurisdictions where we do not recognize a tax benefit, our effective tax rate for those periods was approximately 35% and did not differ significantly from the federal statutory rate of 35%. Tax expense related to share-based compensation, state income taxes, and the effects of losses in certain jurisdictions where we do not recognize a tax benefit were partially offset by the benefit we received from the domestic production activities deduction and the federal research and experimentation credit. Our effective tax rates for the three and six months ended January 31, 2015 were approximately 37% and 33%. Excluding discrete tax items primarily related to the reinstatement of the federal research and experimentation credit, as well as including the effects of losses in certain jurisdictions where we do not recognize a tax benefit, our effective tax rate for those periods was approximately 36% and did not differ significantly from the federal statutory rate of 35%. Tax expense related to share-based compensation, state income taxes, and the effects of losses in certain jurisdictions where we do not recognize a tax benefit were partially offset by the benefit we received from the domestic production activities deduction and the federal research and experimentation credit. Unrecognized Tax Benefits and Other Considerations The total amount of our unrecognized tax benefits at July 31, 2015 was $56 million. Net of related deferred tax assets, unrecognized tax benefits were $37 million at that date. If we were to recognize these net benefits, our income tax expense would reflect a favorable net impact of $37 million. There were no material changes to these amounts during the six months ended January 31, 2016. We do not believe that it is reasonably possible that there will be a significant increase or decrease in our unrecognized tax benefits over the next 12 months.

Income Taxes

Adoption of ASU 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes”

In the second quarter of fiscal 2016, we elected to early adopt ASU 2015-17, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes,” on a prospective basis. This new standard requires all deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any related valuation allowance, to be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. Prior periods were not adjusted.

Effective Tax Rate

We compute our provision for or benefit from income taxes by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to income or loss from recurring operations and adding the effects of any discrete income tax items specific to the period.

In December 2015 the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 was signed into law. The Act includes a permanent reinstatement of the federal research and experimentation credit that was retroactive to January 1, 2015. We recorded a discrete tax benefit of approximately $12 million for the retroactive effect during the second quarter of fiscal 2016.

We recorded a $1 million tax benefit on income of $28 million for the three months ended January 31, 2016. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended January 31, 2016 was approximately 87%. Excluding discrete tax items primarily related to the permanent reinstatement of the federal research and experimentation credit, as well as including the effects of losses in certain jurisdictions where we do not recognize a tax benefit, our effective tax rate for those periods was approximately 35% and did not differ significantly from the federal statutory rate of 35%. Tax expense related to share-based compensation, state income taxes, and the effects of losses in certain jurisdictions where we do not recognize a tax benefit were partially offset by the benefit we received from the domestic production activities deduction and the federal research and experimentation credit.

Our effective tax rates for the three and six months ended January 31, 2015 were approximately 37% and 33%. Excluding discrete tax items primarily related to the reinstatement of the federal research and experimentation credit, as well as including the effects of losses in certain jurisdictions where we do not recognize a tax benefit, our effective tax rate for those periods was approximately 36% and did not differ significantly from the federal statutory rate of 35%. Tax expense related to share-based compensation, state income taxes, and the effects of losses in certain jurisdictions where we do not recognize a tax benefit were partially offset by the benefit we received from the domestic production activities deduction and the federal research and experimentation credit.

Unrecognized Tax Benefits and Other Considerations

The total amount of our unrecognized tax benefits at July 31, 2015 was $56 million. Net of related deferred tax assets, unrecognized tax benefits were $37 million at that date. If we were to recognize these net benefits, our income tax expense would reflect a favorable net impact of $37 million. There were no material changes to these amounts during the six months ended January 31, 2016. We do not believe that it is reasonably possible that there will be a significant increase or decrease in our unrecognized tax benefits over the next 12 months.