rformance Obligations

Video Products and Solutions

We offer a wide range of video products and solutions in connection with our sales of storage and workflow solutions, our media management solutions and our video creative tools, which include our Media Composer, NEXIS, Airspeed, Maestro and MediaCentral product lines that consist of software licenses or integrated hardware and software solutions. We sell these products to customers under a contract or signed quote and payment terms are generally 30 to 60 days from delivery. Each individual product sold to a customer represents a distinct performance obligation for us and revenue is recognized at the point in time when control of the product transfers, which is typically when the product is shipped to the customer or, in the case of certain software licenses, when the software license term commences and is accessible by the customer.

Audio Products and Solutions

We offer a wide range of audio products and solutions in connection with our sales of digital audio software and workstation solutions and our control surfaces, consoles and live-sound systems, which include our Pro Tools, Pro Tools HD, Pro Tools | S6, VENUE | S6L and Sibelius product lines that consist of software licenses or integrated hardware and software solutions. We sell these products to customers under a contract or signed quote and payment terms are generally 30 to 60 days from delivery. Each individual product sold to a customer represents a distinct performance obligation for us and revenue is recognized at the point in time when control of the product transfers, which is typically when the product is shipped to the customer or, in the case of certain software licenses, when the software license term commences and is accessible by the customer.

Subscription Services

We offer subscription versions of many of our software products with monthly, annual and multi-year terms. While we are beginning to offer subscription versions for most of our product portfolio in connection with our cloud strategy, current subscription sales primarily consist of our Media Composer, Pro Tools and Sibelius offerings. We sell these products to customers under standard terms and conditions and payment is due upfront, except for webstore transactions which are billed monthly. Contract assets for annual and multi-year subscriptions billed monthly are recorded on our balance sheet upon customer commitment, net of expected early cancellations where we estimate variable consideration based on historical experience. Subscription services have several performance obligations, including a right to use the software and stand-ready performance obligations to (i) provide unspecified bug fixes and software enhancements, or Software Updates, and (ii) call support when and if needed. The estimated SSP of the right to use the licensed software is recognized at a point in time once control has been transferred and the customer has the ability to access the software. Stand-ready performance obligations related to Software Updates and call support are satisfied over time and revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the subscription.

Support Services

We offer support contracts, which are typically annual, for our video and audio products. Support contracts for individual products are sold bundled with initial product offerings or as renewals once initial contracts have lapsed. Support contracts are also sold on an enterprise basis where a customer purchases support for all Avid products owned. Support contracts are provided under our standard terms and conditions and payment is due in advance of the support being provided. Support contracts include stand-ready performance obligations to provide (i) Software Updates, (ii) call support and (iii) hardware maintenance. Support contract performance obligations are satisfied over time and revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the support contract.

Historically, for many of our products, we had an ongoing practice of making when-and-if-available Software Updates available to customers free of charge for a period of time after initial sales to customers. The expectation created by this practice of providing free Software Updates represents an implied obligation of a form of post-contract customer support (“Implied PCS”) which represents a performance obligation. While we have ceased providing Implied PCS on new product offerings, we continue to provide Implied PCS for older products that were predominately sold in prior years. Revenue attributable to Implied PCS performance obligations is recognized over time on a ratable basis over the period that Implied PCS is expected to be provided, which is typically six years.

Professional Services, Training and Other

We sell a variety of professional services, training and other services that complement product and support offerings. Professional services consist primarily of standard configuration, commissioning (i.e., setting up equipment purchased) and on-air support (i.e., monitoring a customer’s production environment available during initial system go-live, live sporting events, etc.) and providing customization services for some of our products. We also offer training and certification programs for many of our products and workflows. Other revenues include shipping and handling charges and reimbursable travel expenses. We sell professional services, training and other services under contracts, signed quote and, for larger projects, statements of work that outline the customer’s specifications and requirements. Services are primarily sold on a time and materials basis, however, fixed fee arrangements are also executed from time to time. Payments are generally billed upon completion of the service or, for larger projects, on an installment basis as services are rendered. While the nature of service deliverables can vary significantly, each service deliverable generally represents a distinct performance obligation and revenue is recognized over time, typically in proportion of the total hours incurred as a percentage of total estimated hours required to complete the project.

Enterprise Agreements

From time to time, we enter into enterprise wide agreements whereby the customer agrees to purchase specified products and services from us over an extended period of time, often for a single fixed contractual price. For such agreements, management identifies each performance obligation in the contract and allocates the total contract price to each performance obligation based on relative estimated SSP. Once the transaction price is allocated to individual performance obligations, the components are recognized in the respective categories of revenue above consistent with the timing of the recognition of performance obligations described therein.

Disaggregated Revenue and Geography Information

Through the evaluation of the discrete financial information that is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision makers (our chief executive officer and chief financial officer), we have determined that we have one reportable segment. The following is a summary of our revenues by type for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Video products and solutions net revenues	$	132,276	$	114,787	$	155,408
Audio products and solutions net revenues	72,831		94,674		127,702
Products and solutions net revenues	205,107		209,461		283,110
Subscription services	35,888		20,118		10,409
Support services	139,205		159,533		181,475
Professional services, training and other services	33,082		29,891		36,936
Services net revenues	208,175		209,542		228,820
Total net revenues ⁽¹⁾	$	413,282	$	419,003	$	511,930

The following table sets forth our revenues by geographic region for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Revenues:
United States	$	150,877	$	161,155	$	186,658
Other Americas	27,494		27,031		38,824
Europe, Middle East and Africa	172,238		163,059		206,605
Asia-Pacific	62,673		67,758		79,843
Total net revenues ⁽¹⁾	$	413,282	$	419,003	$	511,930

⁽¹⁾As a result of our adoption of ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method, prior period amounts have not been adjusted to conform with ASC 606 and therefore may not be comparable.

Other than the United States, no single country accounted for more than 10% of revenue for all periods presented.

Contract Asset

Contract asset activity for the year ended December 31, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2018
Contract asset at January 1, 2018	$	6,579
Revenue in excess of billings	34,504
Customer billings	(24,570		)
Contract asset at December 31, 2018	$	16,513

The increase in contract assets during the year ended December 31, 2018 is due to (i) continued growth in our subscription offerings and (ii) the timing of payments due under our enterprise network agreements which predominately are payable annually whereas performance obligations are fulfilled on a continuous basis.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue activity for the year ended December 31, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2018
Deferred revenue at January 1, 2018	$	97,923
Billings deferred	80,979
Recognition of prior deferred revenue	(79,301		)
Deferred revenue at December 31, 2018	$	99,601

A summary of the performance obligations included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2018 is as follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2018
Product	$	6,138
Subscription	1,006
Support Contracts	69,384
Implied PCS	16,470
Professional services, training and other	6,603
Deferred revenue at December 31, 2018	$	99,601

Remaining Performance Obligations

For transaction prices allocated to remaining performance obligations, we apply practical expedients and do not disclose quantitative or qualitative information for remaining performance obligations (i) that have original expected durations of one year or less and (ii) where we recognize revenue equal to what we have the right to invoice and that amount corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance to date.

We have remaining performance obligations of $16.5 million attributable to Implied PCS recorded in deferred revenue as of

December 31, 2018. We expect to recognize revenue for these remaining performance obligations of $6.8 million, $4.7 million, $2.8 million, $1.4 million and $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively.

As of December 31, 2018, we had approximately $53.0 million of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for certain enterprise agreements that have not yet been invoiced and are therefore not recorded as deferred revenue on our balance sheet. Unbilled remaining performance obligations represent obligations we have to deliver for specific products and services in the future where there is not yet an enforceable right to invoice the customer. Our unbilled remaining performance obligations do not include contractually committed minimum purchases that are common in our strategic purchase agreements with resellers since our specific obligations to deliver products or services is not yet known, as customers may satisfy such commitments by purchasing an unknown combination of current or future product offerings. While the timing of fulfilling individual performance obligations under the contracts can vary dramatically based on customer requirements, we expect to recognize the $53.0 million in installments through 2026.

Remaining performance obligation estimates are subject to change and are affected by several factors, including terminations due to contract breach, contract amendments and changes in the expected timing of delivery.