THE COMPANY AND ITS SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

THE COMPANY AND ITS SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Cash equivalents

[1] Cash equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid financial instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Accounts Receivable

[2] Accounts Receivable: Accounts receivable consists of mainly trade receivables due from customers for the sale of our products. Payment terms vary on a customer-by-customer basis, and currently range from cash on delivery to net 60 days. Receivables are considered past due when they have exceeded their payment terms. Accounts receivable have been reduced by an estimated allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts based on facts, circumstances and judgments regarding each receivable. Customer payment history and patterns, length of relationship with the customer, historical losses, economic and political conditions, trends and individual circumstances are among the items considered when evaluating the collectability of the receivables. Accounts are reviewed regularly for collectability and those deemed uncollectible are written off. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,000 and $3,000, respectively.

Inventory

[3] Inventory: Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Work in process and finished goods are comprised of labor, overhead and raw material costs. Labor and overhead costs are determined on a rolling average cost basis and raw materials are determined on an average cost basis. At December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company established an allowance for slow moving and obsolete inventory of $235,000 and $278,000, respectively.

Income taxes

[4] Income taxes: The Company applies Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standard Codification (“ASC”) ASC 740 Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) which prescribes the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, provided for operating loss carryforwards and are measured using the enacted laws and tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefits that are not expected to be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that such tax rate changes are enacted. Under ASC 740, tax benefits are recorded only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in the Company’s tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. ASU 2019-12, issued in December 2019 was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2021. ASU 2019-12 reduced the complexity of ASC 740 by removing exemptions and simplifying the accounting for franchise taxes, deferred taxes and taxes related to employee’s stock ownership plan.

Adertising expense

[5] Advertising expense: Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Leases

[6] Leases: The Company applies FASB ASC 842 – Leases (Topic 842) and recognizes a lease “right of use” asset and a lease liability on its balance sheet related to its operating leases, and discloses key information about its leasing arrangements. At December 31, 2022, the Company’s current lease asset was $7,000 and its current lease liability was $4,000. At December 31, 2022, the Company’s long-term lease asset was $6,000 and its long-term lease liability was $6,000.

Depreciation and amortization

[7] Depreciation and amortization: Property, plant and equipment are depreciated utilizing the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives; generally 3-5 years for equipment and 30 years for buildings. Leasehold improvements and capitalized lease assets are amortized by the straight-line method over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the term of the lease. Intangible assets include the cost of patent applications, which are deferred and charged to operations over 19 years. At December 31, 2021, the Company determined that its patent asset was impaired and recorded a $100,000 write off of the patent asset. Due to the write-off, no future amortization expense is expected related to the specific patents within the asset.

Revenue recognition

[8] Revenue recognition: The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 606. The Company’s revenues result from the sale of goods and reflect the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. For its customer contracts, the Company’s performance obligations are identified; which is delivering goods at a determined transaction price, allocation of the contract transaction price with performance obligations (when applicable), and recognition of revenue when (or as) the performance obligation is transferred to the customer. Goods are transferred when the customer obtains control of the goods (which is upon shipment to the customer). The Company’s revenues are recorded at a point in time from the sale of tangible products. Revenues are recognized when products are shipped.

Product returns, discounts and allowances are variable consideration and are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the same period that the related sale is recorded. The Company has reviewed the overall sales transactions for variable consideration and has determined that these costs are not significant. The Company has not experienced any impairment losses, has no future performance obligations and does not capitalize costs to obtain or fulfill contracts.

Shipping and handling

[9] Shipping and handling: Shipping and handling fees charged to customers are included as a reduction to revenue, and shipping and handling costs incurred by the Company, to the extent of those costs charged to customers, are included in cost of sales.

Research and development

[10] Research and development: Research and development (“R&D”) costs are charged to operations when incurred. These costs include salaries, benefits, travel expense, costs associated with regulatory applications, supplies, depreciation of R&D equipment and other miscellaneous expenses.

Net loss per common share

[11] Net loss per common share: Basic loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period.

Potential common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Options		1,736,000		1,937,000
Total		1,736,000		1,937,000

For Fiscal 2022 and Fiscal 2021, the number of securities not included in the diluted loss per share was 1,736,000 and 1,937,000, respectively, as their effect was anti-dilutive due to a net loss in each year.

Use of estimates

[12] Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Our management believes the major estimates and assumptions currently impacting our financial statements are the following:

· Allowance for doubtful accounts;

· Allowance for slow moving and obsolete inventory;

· Estimates of accruals and liabilities; and

· Deferred income tax valuation allowance.

Estimates are determined using available information. Considerable judgment is required to interpret the specific data used to develop the estimates. The use of different assumptions and/or different valuation techniques may have a material effect on the value of our assets, liabilities and taxes. Actual results may differ from estimates and assumptions of future events.

Impairment of long-lived assets

[13] Impairment of long-lived and intangible (patent) assets: When the carrying balance of the Company’s patents is more than what it could be sold for on the open market and/or is not recoverable through future use, the Company decreases its value. In determining whether the carrying value is not recoverable, the Company estimates the sum of the undiscounted expected cash flows from the use of the patent or its possible sale. If the results in an amount less that the patents’ value on the financial statements, the Company will deem the patent’s carrying value on the balance sheet to be impaired by the amount that the carrying value exceeds the fair market value of the asset. The decrease in the patent’s value will then be included as a loss in the Company’s profit and loss statement. Because it is difficult to determine and support what our patents could be sold for on the open market, we performed an expected cash flow analysis to determine impairment. Due to the nature of the patents included in the Company’s patent asset and expected revenue specifically related to the patents known at the time of the analysis, the Company determined the patent asset was impaired at December 31, 2021 and recorded a loss of $100,000 in its statement of operations for Fiscal 2021. The Company believes the carrying values of its fixed assets are recoverable and impairment does not exist.

Financial Instruments

[14] Financial Instruments: The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and short and long-term debt. The fair values of these financial instruments approximate their stated amounts because of the short maturity of the instruments.

The valuation hierarchy is composed of three levels. The classification within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The levels within the valuation hierarchy under ASC 820 are described below:

Level 1: Assets and liabilities with unadjusted, quoted prices listed on active market exchanges. Inputs to the fair value measurement are observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Inputs to the fair value measurement are determined using prices for recently traded assets and liabilities with similar underlying terms, as well as direct or indirect observable inputs, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3: Inputs to the fair value measurement are unobservable inputs, such as estimates, assumptions, and valuation techniques when little or no market data exists for the assets or liabilities

The Company endeavors to utilize the best available information in measuring fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial instruments:

Cash —The carrying amount reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents approximates its fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

Line of Credit and short term and long-term debt—The carrying amounts of the Company’s borrowings under its line of credit (for Fiscal 2021 and in Fiscal 2022 until the line of credit was paid off) and other long-term debt approximates fair value, based upon current interest rates, some of which are variable interest rates.

Other Asset/liabilities– The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for other current assets and liabilities approximates their fair value, based on the nature of the assets and liabilities.

Accounting for share-based payments and stock warrants

[15] Accounting for share-based payments and stock warrants: The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC No. 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation.” ASC No. 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment awards on the date of grant using an Option-Pricing Model. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options and warrants and recognizes compensation expenses starting on the date of the grant and over the vesting period of the stock option/warrant. There were 1,736,000 stock options issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022, all of which are completely vested.

Concentration of credit risk

[16] Concentration of credit risk: The Company sells products primarily to United States customers and distributors. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition.

At December 31, 2022, one customer accounted for 35.4% of accounts receivable and one customer accounted for 17.24% of accounts receivable. A substantial portion of these balances was collected in the first quarter of the year ending December 31, 2023. Due to the long standing nature of the Company’s relationship with these customers and contractual obligations, the Company is confident it will recover these amounts.

At December 31, 2021, one customer accounted for 64.5%, one customer accounted for 12.7% and one customer accounted for 10.4% of accounts receivable. These balances were collected in Fiscal 2022.

The Company has established an allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,000 and $3,000 at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, based on factors surrounding the credit risk of our customers and other information.

The Company maintains certain cash balances at financial institutions that are federally insured and at times the balances have exceeded federally insured limits.

New accounting pronouncements

In the year ended December 31, 2022, we adopted the following accounting standards set forth by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”):

ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), issued in May 2021, addresses an issuer’s accounting for certain modifications or exchanges of freestanding equity-classified written call options. This amendment is effective for all entities, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2021-04 on January 1, 2022 and the adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832), Disclosures by Business Entities About Government Assistance, issued in November 2021 requires entities to provide disclosures on material government assistance transactions for annual reporting periods. The disclosures include information around the nature of the assistance, the related accounting policies used to account for government assistance, the effect of government assistance on the entity’s financial statements, and any significant terms and conditions of the agreements, including commitments and contingencies. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 on January 1, 2022 and the adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations as ASU-2021-10 only impacts annual financial statement footnote disclosures.

ASU 2022-04, Liabilities – Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations, issued in September 2022, requires entities that use supplier finance programs in connection with the purchase of goods and services to disclose the key terms of the programs and information about obligations outstanding at the end of the reporting period, including a rollforward of those obligations. The guidance does not affect the recognition, measurement or financial statement presentation of supplier finance program obligations. ASU 2022-04 became effective on January 1, 2023. The Company adopted ASU 2022-04 on January 1, 2023 and the adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations as the Company does not (and has not historically) utilized supplier finance programs in connection with the purchase of goods and services.

Accounting Standards Issued Not Yet Adopted

ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions, issued in June 2022, clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered in measuring the security's fair value. The standard also requires certain disclosures for equity securities that are subject to contractual restrictions. ASU 2022-03 becomes effective on January 1, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2022-03.

Any other new accounting pronouncements recently issued, but not yet effective, have been reviewed and determined to be not applicable or were related to technical amendments or codification. As a result, the adoption of such new accounting pronouncements, when effective, is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.