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The Company and its Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2011

Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

Note A - The Company and its Significant Accounting Policies

The Company:

American Bio Medica Corporation (the “Company”) is in the business of developing, manufacturing, and marketing point of collection testing products for drugs of abuse, as well as performing contract manufacturing services for third parties.

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which assumes the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. For the year ended December 31, 2011 (“Fiscal 2011”), the Company had a net loss of $345,000 and net cash provided by operating activities of $449,000, compared to a net loss of $750,000 and net cash used in operating activities of $53,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010 (“Fiscal 2010”). The Company’s cash balances increased by $56,000 during Fiscal 2011 and increased by $2,000 during Fiscal 2010.

As of December 31, 2011, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $17,233,000. The Company has implemented programs to improve its financial prospects including entering into national and international distribution agreements, debt refinancing, implementing a number of cost-cutting initiatives, including strategic reductions in personnel, analyzing and controlling inventory levels and other measures to enhance profit margins. The Company continues to explore other measures, which would allow the Company to make further improvements in efficiency to lower the costs to manufacture its products.

If cash generated from operations is insufficient to satisfy the Company’s working capital and capital expenditure requirements, the Company will be required to sell additional equity or obtain additional credit facilities. On August 1, 2012, the Series A Debentures will mature (See Note E – Debenture Financing). On the maturity date, the Company is obligated to pay all principal and interest due (approximately $787,000) to the Holders of the Series A Debentures. The Company is currently involved in discussions to refinance the amounts due to the Series A Debenture Holders. There can be no assurance, however, that such financing will be available or that the Company will be able to complete financing on satisfactory terms, if at all.

The Company’s history of operating cash flow deficits, its current cash position and lack of access to capital raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern and its continued existence is dependent upon several factors, including its ability to raise revenue levels and reduce costs to generate positive cash flows, to sell additional shares of the Company’s common stock to fund operations and obtain additional credit facilities. Selling additional shares of the Company’s common stock and obtaining additional credit facilities may be more difficult as a result of limited access to equity markets and the tightening of credit markets. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amount of or classification of liabilities that might be necessary as a result of this uncertainty.

Significant Accounting Policies:

[1] Cash equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

[2] Accounts Receivable: Accounts receivable consists of mainly trade receivables due from customers for the sale of our products. Payment terms vary on a customer-by-customer basis, and currently range from cash on delivery to net 60 days. Receivables are considered past due when they have exceeded their payment terms. Accounts receivable have been reduced by an estimated allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts based on facts, circumstances and judgments regarding each receivable. Customer payment history and patterns, historical losses, economic and political conditions, trends and individual circumstances are among the items considered when evaluating the collectability of the receivables. Accounts are reviewed regularly for collectability and those deemed uncollectible are written off. At December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $66,000 and $76,000, respectively.

[3] Inventory: Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market. Work in process and finished goods are comprised of labor, overhead and raw material costs. Labor and overhead costs are determined on a rolling average cost basis and raw materials are determined on an average cost basis. At December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company established an allowance for slow moving and obsolete inventory of $401,000 and $213,000, respectively.

[4] Income taxes: The Company follows ASC 740 “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”) which prescribes the asset and liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the enacted laws and tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance for any tax benefits that are not expected to be realized. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that such tax rate changes are enacted. Under ASC 740, tax benefits are recorded only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in the Company’s tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards.

[5] Depreciation: Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives; generally 3-5 years for equipment and 30 years for buildings. Leasehold improvements and capitalized lease assets are amortized by the straight-line method over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the term of the lease.

[6] Revenue recognition: The Company recognizes revenue when title transfers upon shipment. Sales are recorded net of discounts and returns. All buyers have economic substance apart from the Company and the Company does not have any obligation for customer acceptance. The Company's price is fixed and determinable at the date of sale. The buyer has paid the Company or is obligated to pay the Company or, in the case of a distributor, the obligation is not contingent on the resale of the product, nor does the Company have any obligation to bring about the resale of the product. The buyer's obligation would not be changed in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage to the product. All distributors have economic substance apart from the Company and their own customers and payment terms are not conditional. The transactions with distributors are on terms similar to those given to the Company's other customers. No agreements exist with the distributors that offer a right of return.

[7] Shipping and handling: Shipping and handling fees charged to customers are included in net sales, and shipping and handling costs incurred by the Company, to the extent of those costs charged to customers, are included in cost of sales.

[8] Research and development: Research and development (“R&D”) costs are charged to operations when incurred. These costs include salaries, benefits, travel, supplies, depreciation of R&D equipment and other miscellaneous expenses.

[9] Net loss per common share: Basic loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period.

Potential common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

	December 31, 2011		December 31, 2010

Warrants		75,000		75,000
Options		2,698,580		3,436,580

For the Fiscal 2011 and Fiscal 2010, the number of securities not included in the diluted loss per share was 2,773,580 and 3,212,333, respectively, as their effect was anti-dilutive.

[10] Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

[11] Impairment of long-lived assets: The Company records impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amounts of those assets.

[12] Financial Instruments: The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities approximate their fair value based on the short term nature of those items.

Estimated fair value of financial instruments is determined using available market information. In evaluating the fair value information, considerable judgment is required to interpret the market data used to develop the estimates. The use of different market assumptions and/or different valuation techniques may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

Accordingly, the estimates of fair value presented herein may not be indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange.

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC Topic 820”) establishes a hierarchy for ranking the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. ASC Topic 820 requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices are observable for the asset or liability.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The Company endeavors to utilize the best available information in measuring fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial instruments:

Cash and Cash Equivalents—The carrying amount reported in the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents approximates its fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

Line of Credit and Long-Term Debt—The carrying amounts of the Company’s borrowings under its line of credit agreement and other long-term debt approximates fair value, based upon current interest rates, some of which are variable interest rates.

[13] Accounting for share-based payments and stock warrants: In accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, “Accounting for Stock Based Compensation”, the Company recognizes share-based payment expense for stock options and warrants. The weighted average fair value of options granted during Fiscal 2011 and Fiscal 2010 was $0.13 and $0.085, respectively. (See Note I – Stockholders’ Equity; Stock Options)

The Company accounts for derivative instruments in accordance with ASC Topic 815 “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC Topic 815”). The guidance within ASC Topic 815 requires the Company to recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the statement of financial position unless the contract, including common stock warrants, settles in the Company’s own stock and qualifies as an equity instrument. A contract designated as an equity instrument is included in equity at its fair value, with no further fair value adjustments required; and if designated as an asset or liability is carried at fair value with any changes in fair value recorded in the results of operations. The Company did not issue any warrants in Fiscal 2011 or Fiscal 2010.

[14] Concentration of credit risk: The Company sells its drug-testing products primarily to United States customers and distributors. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition.

At December 31, 2011, two customers accounted for 16.8% and 9.4% of the Company’s net accounts receivable. A substantial portion of these balances was collected in the first quarter of the year ending December 31, 2012. At December 31, 2010, two customers accounted for 28.2%, and 17.3% of the Company’s net accounts receivable. A substantial portion of these balances was collected in the first quarter of the year ended December 31, 2011. Due to the longstanding nature of our relationships with these customers and contractual obligations, the Company is confident that it will recover these amounts.

The Company has established an allowance for doubtful accounts of $66,000 and $76,000 at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, based on factors surrounding the credit risk of our customers and other information.

One of our customers accounted for approximately 14.1% of net sales of the Company for Fiscal 2011 and 12.7% of net sales of the Company for Fiscal 2010.

The Company maintains certain cash balances at financial institutions that are federally insured and at times the balances have exceeded federally insured limits.

[15] Reporting comprehensive income: The Company reports comprehensive income in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 220, “Reporting Comprehensive Income” (“ASC Topic 220”). The provisions of ASC Topic 220 require the Company to report the change in the Company's equity during the period from transactions and events other than those resulting from investments by, and distributions to, the shareholders. For Fiscal 2011 and Fiscal 2010, comprehensive income was the same as net income.

[16] Reclassifications: Certain items have been reclassified from the prior years to conform to the current year presentation.

[17] New accounting pronouncements: In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs,” (“ASU 2011-04”). This standard results in a common requirement between the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board for measuring fair value and disclosing information about fair value measurements. ASU 2011-04 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011. Accordingly, we will adopt ASU 2011-04 in our first quarter of Fiscal 2012. We are currently in the process of evaluating the effect of ASU 2011-04 on our financial position and results of operations. We do not expect the adoption of this accounting guidance to have a material impact on our financial statements.

All other accounting pronouncements issued but not yet effective are deemed to be immaterial or not relevant to the Company’s financial statements.