NOTE 2 REVENUE

At contract inception, Aptar assesses the goods and services promised in its contracts with customers and identifies a performance obligation for each promise to transfer a good or service (or bundle of goods or services) that is distinct. To identify the performance obligations, we consider all the goods or services promised in the contract, whether explicitly stated or implied based on customary business practices. For a contract that has more than one performance obligation, we allocate the total contract consideration to each distinct performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. Revenue is recognized when (or as) the performance obligations are satisfied (i.e., when the customer obtains control of the good or service). The majority of our revenues are derived from product and tooling sales; however, Aptar also receives revenues from service, license, exclusivity and royalty arrangements, which are considered insignificant. Revenue by segment and geography for the year ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:


	For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
					Latin
Segment	Europe		Domestic		America		Asia		Total
Beauty + Home	$	816,359	$	334,881	$	178,392	$	96,750	$	1,426,382
Pharma		696,079		196,928		25,485		36,160		954,652
Food + Beverage		115,040		194,527		31,742		42,418		383,727
Total	$	1,627,478	$	726,336	$	235,619	$	175,328	$	2,764,761

Aptar performs its obligations under a contract with a customer by transferring goods and/or services in exchange for consideration from the customer. The timing of performance will sometimes differ from the timing of the receipt of the associated consideration from the customer, thus resulting in the recognition of a contract asset or a contract liability. Aptar recognizes a contract asset when it transfers control of goods or services to a customer prior to invoicing for the related performance obligation. The contract asset is transferred to accounts receivable when the product is shipped and invoiced to the customer. Aptar recognizes a contract liability if the customer's payment of consideration precedes the entity's performance.

The opening and closing balances of Aptar’s contract asset and contract liabilities are as follows:


	Balance as of		Balance as of
	January 1, 2018		December 31, 2018		Increase/
	(opening)		(closing)		(Decrease)
Contract asset (current)	$	13,984	$	15,858	$	1,874
Contract asset (long-term)	$	—	$	—	$	—
Contract liability (current)	$	45,211	$	68,134	$	22,923
Contract liability (long-term)	$	1,476	$	11,261	$	9,785

The differences in the opening and closing balances of our contract asset and contract liabilities are primarily the result of acquisitions and timing differences between our performance and the customer’s payment. The amount of revenue recognized in the current year that was included in the opening contract liability balance was $45.2 million.

Determining the Transaction Price

In most cases, the transaction price for each performance obligation is stated in the contract. In determining the variable amounts of consideration within the transaction price (such as volume-based customer rebates), Aptar includes an estimate of the expected amount of consideration as revenue. Aptar applies the expected value method based on all of the information (historical, current and forecast) that is reasonably available and identifies reasonable estimates based on this information. We apply the method consistently throughout the contract when estimating the effect of an uncertainty on the amount of variable consideration to which it will be entitled.

Point in Time Performance Obligations

For product and tooling sales considered to be point in time, Aptar typically assesses, among other things, the shipping terms of the contract, shipping being one of the indicators of transfer of control. For free on board (“FOB”) shipping point terms, revenue is recognized at the time of shipment. The performance obligation with respect to the sale of goods is satisfied at the time of shipment because the customer gains control at that time. Once the goods are shipped, we are precluded from redirecting the shipment to another customer. With respect to FOB destination sales, shipping and/or handling costs that occur before the customer obtains control of the goods are deemed to be fulfilment activities and are accounted for as fulfilment costs and revenue is recorded upon final delivery to the customer location.

Over Time Performance Obligations

For performance obligations related to manufacturing of highly customized products that have no alternative use for us and for which we have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, we transfer control and recognize revenue over time by measuring progress towards complete satisfaction using the Output Method based on the number of products produced. For similar performance obligations related to our tooling sales, we transfer control and recognize revenue over time by measuring progress towards complete satisfaction using the Input Method based on costs incurred relative to total estimated costs to completion. We believe these measurements provide a faithful depiction of the transfer of goods as the costs incurred reflect the value of the products produced.

Product Sales

Aptar primarily manufactures dispensing systems for our Beauty + Home, Pharma and Food + Beverage customers. The amount of consideration is typically fixed for such customers. At the time of delivery, the customer is invoiced the agreed-upon price. Revenue from product sales is typically recognized upon manufacture or shipment, when control of the goods transfers to the customer.

To determine when the control transfers, Aptar typically assesses, among other things, the shipping terms of the contract, shipping being one of the indicators of transfer of control. A majority of product sales are sold FOB shipping point. For FOB shipping point shipments, control of the goods transfers to the customer at the time of shipment of the goods. Therefore, Aptar's performance obligation is satisfied at the time of shipment. Aptar has elected to account for shipping and handling costs that occur after the customer has obtained control of a good as fulfillment costs rather than as a promised service. Aptar does not have any material significant payment terms as payment is typically received shortly after the point of sale.

There also exist instances where Aptar manufactures highly customized products that have no alternative use to Aptar and for which Aptar has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. For these products, we transfer control and recognizes revenue over time by measuring progress towards completion using the Output Method based on the number of products produced. As we normally make our products to a customer’s order, the time between production and shipment of our products is typically within a few weeks.

As a part of its customary business practice, Aptar offers a standard warranty that the products will materially comply with the technical specifications and will be free from material defects. Because such warranties are not sold separately, do not provide for any service beyond a guarantee of a product’s initial specifications, and are not required by law, there is no revenue deferral for these types of warranties.

Tooling Sales

Aptar also builds or contracts for molds and other tools (collectively defined as “tooling”) necessary to produce our products. As with product sales, Aptar recognizes revenue when control of the tool transfers to the customer. If the tooling is highly customized with no alternative use to Aptar and Aptar has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date, we transfer control and recognize revenue over time by measuring progress towards completion using the Input Method based on costs incurred relative to total estimated costs to completion. Otherwise, revenue for the tooling is recognized at the point in time when the customer approves the tool. Aptar does not have any material significant payment terms as payment is typically either received during the mold-build process or shortly after completion.

In certain instances, Aptar offers extended warranties on our tools above and beyond the normal standard warranties. Aptar normally receives payment at the inception of the contract and recognizes revenue over the term of the contract. At January 1, 2018, $839 thousand of unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts was reported in Accounts Payable and Other Liabilities. At December 31, 2018, the unearned amount was $759 thousand. Aptar expects to recognize approximately $359 thousand of the unearned amount in 2019 and $400 thousand thereafter.

Contract Costs

Aptar does not incur significant costs to obtain or fulfill revenue contracts.

Practical Expedients

Significant financing component: Aptar elected not to adjust the promised consideration for the time value of money for contracts where the difference between the time of payment and performance is one year or less.

Remaining performance obligations: Aptar elected not to disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for its contracts that are one year or less, as the revenue is expected to be recognized within the next year. In addition, we have elected not to disclose the expected consideration related to performance obligations where we recognize revenue in the amount it has a right to invoice (e.g., usage-based pricing terms).