Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2011

Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Revenue Recognition

We earn net service revenue through our home health and hospice agencies by providing a variety of services almost exclusively in the homes of our patients. This net service revenue is earned and billed either on an episode of care basis, on a per visit basis or on a daily basis depending upon the payment terms and conditions established with each payor for services provided. We refer to home health revenue earned and billed on a 60-day episode of care as episodic-based revenue.

When we record our service revenue, we record it net of estimated revenue adjustments and contractual adjustments to reflect amounts we estimate to be realizable for services provided, as discussed below. We believe, based on information currently available to us and based on our judgment, that changes to one or more factors that impact the accounting estimates (such as our estimates related to revenue adjustments, contractual adjustments and episodes in progress) we make in determining net service revenue, which changes are likely to occur from period to period, will not materially impact our reported consolidated financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or our future financial results.

Home Health Revenue Recognition

Medicare Revenue

Net service revenue is recorded under the Medicare prospective payment system ("PPS") based on a 60-day episode payment rate that is subject to adjustment based on certain variables including, but not limited to: (a) an outlier payment if our patient's care was unusually costly (capped at 10% of total reimbursement per provider number); (b) a low utilization payment adjustment ("LUPA") if the number of visits was fewer than five; (c) a partial payment if our patient transferred to another provider or we received a patient from another provider before completing the episode; (d) a payment adjustment based upon the level of therapy services required (thresholds set at 6, 14 and 20 visits); (e) the number of episodes of care provided to a patient, regardless of whether the same home health provider provided care for the entire series of episodes; (f) changes in the base episode payments established by the Medicare Program; (g) adjustments to the base episode payments for case mix and geographic wages; and (h) recoveries of overpayments.

In addition to the items noted above, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services ("CMS") recently added two new provisions to PPS which was implemented April 1, 2011: (1) a face-to-face encounter requirement and (2) changes to the therapy assessment schedule which require additional patient evaluations and certifications. As a condition for Medicare payment, the first new provision mandates that prior to certifying a patient's eligibility for the home health benefit, the certifying physician must document that he or she, or an allowed non-physician practitioner, has had a face-to-face encounter with the patient. The encounter must occur in the timeframe of 90 days prior to the start of care or 30 days after the start of care. Documentation regarding these encounters must be present on certifications. Under the second new provision, CMS imposed therapy assessment requirements. An assessment by a professional qualified therapist must take place at least once every 30 days during a therapy patient's course of treatment. For those qualified patients expecting to require 13 or 19 therapy visits, a qualified therapist must perform the therapy service required, assess the patient, and measure and document effectiveness on the 13^th visit and the 19^th visit. This requirement applies to each therapy discipline caring for the patient, but the assessment may be performed close to, but no later than, the 13^th and 19^th visits. Management evaluates the potential for revenue adjustments as a result of these regulations, and when appropriate, provides allowances for losses based upon the best available information.

We make adjustments to Medicare revenue on completed episodes to reflect differences between estimated and actual payment amounts, an inability to obtain appropriate billing documentation or authorizations acceptable to the payor and other reasons unrelated to credit risk. We estimate the impact of such adjustments based on our historical experience, which primarily includes a historical collection rate of over 99% on Medicare claims, and record this estimate during the period in which services are rendered as an estimated revenue adjustment and a corresponding reduction to patient accounts receivable. In addition, management evaluates the potential for revenue adjustments and, when appropriate, provides allowances for losses based upon the best available information. Therefore, we believe that our reported net service revenue and patient accounts receivable will be the net amounts to be realized from Medicare for services rendered.

In addition to revenue recognized on completed episodes, we also recognize a portion of revenue associated with episodes in progress. Episodes in progress are 60-day episodes of care that begin during the reporting period, but were not completed as of the end of the period. We estimate this revenue on a monthly basis based upon historical trends. The primary factors underlying this estimate are the number of episodes in progress at the end of the reporting period, expected Medicare revenue per episode and our estimate of the average percentage complete based on visits performed. As of June 30, 2011 and 2010, the difference between the cash received from Medicare for a request for anticipated payment ("RAP") on episodes in progress and the associated estimated revenue was immaterial and, therefore, the resulting credits were recorded as a reduction to our outstanding patient accounts receivable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets for such periods.

Non-Medicare Revenue

Episodic-based Revenue. We recognize revenue in a similar manner as we recognize Medicare revenue for episodic-based rates that are paid by other insurance carriers, including Medicare Advantage programs; however, these rates can vary based upon the negotiated terms.

Non-episodic Based Revenue. Gross revenue is recorded on an accrual basis based upon the date of service at amounts equal to our established or estimated per-visit rates, as applicable. Contractual adjustments are recorded for the difference between our standard rates and the contracted rates to be realized from patients, third parties and others for services provided and are deducted from gross revenue to determine net service revenue and are also recorded as a reduction to our outstanding patient accounts receivable. In addition, we receive a minimal amount of our net service revenue from patients who are either self-insured or are obligated for an insurance co-payment.

Hospice Revenue Recognition

Hospice Medicare Revenue

Gross revenue is recorded on an accrual basis based upon the date of service at amounts equal to the estimated payment rates. The estimated payment rates are daily or hourly rates for each of the four levels of care we deliver. The four main levels of care we provide are routine care, general inpatient care, continuous home care and respite care. Routine care accounts for 97% of our total net Medicare hospice service revenue for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2011, respectively, as compared to 98% and 97% for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2010, respectively. We make adjustments to Medicare revenue for an inability to obtain appropriate billing documentation or authorizations acceptable to the payor and other reasons unrelated to credit risk. We estimate the impact of these adjustments based on our historical experience, which primarily includes our historical collection rate on Medicare claims, and record it during the period services are rendered as an estimated revenue adjustment and as a reduction to our outstanding patient accounts receivable.

Additionally, as Medicare hospice revenue is subject to an inpatient cap limit and an overall payment cap for each provider number, we monitor these caps and estimate amounts due back to Medicare if a cap has been exceeded. We record these adjustments as a reduction to revenue and an increase in other accrued liabilities. We have settled our Medicare hospice reimbursements for all fiscal years through October 31, 2009. For the cap years ended October 31, 2010 and October 31, 2011, we have $3.2 million recorded for estimated amounts due back to Medicare in other accrued liabilities as of June 30, 2011 and $1.9 million recorded as of December 31, 2010. As a result of our adjustments, we believe our revenue and patients accounts receivable are recorded at amounts that will be ultimately realized.

Effective April 1, 2011, CMS implemented its hospice regulation requiring that a hospice physician or nurse practitioner have a face-to-face encounter with hospice patients during the 30 day period prior to the 180th-day recertification (third benefit period) and each subsequent recertification, to gather clinical findings to determine continued eligibility for hospice care, and that the certifying hospice physician attest that such a visit took place. Management evaluates the potential for revenue adjustments due to these regulations and when appropriate provides allowances for losses based upon the best available information.

Hospice Non-Medicare Revenue

We record gross revenue on an accrual basis based upon the date of service at amounts equal to our established rates or estimated per visit rates, as applicable. Contractual adjustments are recorded for the difference between our established rates and the amounts estimated to be realizable from patients, third parties and others for services provided and are deducted from gross revenue to determine our net service revenue and patient accounts receivable.

Patient Accounts Receivable

Our patient accounts receivable are uncollateralized and consist of amounts due from Medicare, Medicaid, other third-party payors and patients. There is no single payor, other than Medicare, that accounts for more than 10% of our total outstanding patient receivables, and thus we believe there are no other significant concentrations of receivables that would subject us to any significant credit risk in the collection of our patient accounts receivable. We fully reserve for accounts which are aged at 360 days or greater. We write off accounts on a monthly basis once we have exhausted our collection efforts and deem an account to be uncollectible.

We believe the credit risk associated with our Medicare accounts, which represent 71% and 76% of our net patient accounts receivable at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, is limited due to (i) our historical collection rate of over 99% from Medicare and (ii) the fact that Medicare is a U.S. government payor. Accordingly, we do not record an allowance for doubtful accounts for our Medicare patient accounts receivable, which are recorded at their net realizable value after recording estimated revenue adjustments as discussed above. During the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2011, we recorded $2.5 million and $4.9 million, respectively, in estimated revenue adjustments to Medicare revenue as compared to $1.5 million and $1.7 million during the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2010, respectively.

We believe there is a certain level of credit risk associated with non-Medicare payors. To provide for our non-Medicare patient accounts receivable that could become uncollectible in the future, we establish an allowance for doubtful accounts to reduce the carrying amount to its estimated net realizable value.

Medicare Home Health

For our home health patients, our pre-billing process includes verifying that we are eligible for payment from Medicare for the services that we provide to our patients. Our Medicare billing begins with a process to ensure that our billings are accurate through the utilization of an electronic Medicare claim review. We submit a RAP for 60% of our estimated payment for the initial episode at the start of care or 50% of the estimated payment for any subsequent episodes of care contiguous with the first episode for a particular patient. The full amount of the episode is billed after the episode has been completed ("final billed"). The RAP received for that particular episode is then deducted from our final payment. If a final bill is not submitted within the greater of 120 days from the start of the episode, or 60 days from the date the RAP was paid, any RAPs received for that episode will be recouped by Medicare from any other claims in process for that particular provider number. The RAP and final claim must then be re-submitted.

Medicare Hospice

For our hospice patients, our pre-billing process includes verifying that we are eligible for payment from Medicare for the services that we provide to our patients. Once each patient has been confirmed for eligibility, we will bill Medicare on a monthly basis for the services provided to the patient.

Non-Medicare Home Health and Hospice

For our non-Medicare patients, our pre-billing process primarily begins with verifying a patient's eligibility for services with the applicable payor. Once the patient has been confirmed for eligibility, we will provide services to the patient and bill the applicable payor. We estimate an allowance for doubtful accounts to reduce the carrying amount of the receivables to the amounts we estimate will be ultimately collected. Our review and evaluation of non-Medicare accounts receivable includes a detailed review of outstanding balances and special consideration to concentrations of receivables from particular payors or groups of payors with similar characteristics that would subject us to any significant credit risk. In addition, the amount of the allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon our assessment of historical and expected net collections, business and economic conditions, trends in payment and an evaluation of collectibility based upon the date that the service was provided. Based upon our best judgment, we believe the allowance for doubtful accounts adequately provides for accounts that will not be collected due to credit risk.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following details our financial instruments where the carrying value and fair value differ (amounts in millions):

			Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
Financial Instrument	As of June 30, 2011		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Items (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Long-term obligations	$	163.3	$	—	$	171.3	$	—

The estimates of the fair value of our long-term obligations are based upon a discounted present value analysis of future cash flows. Due to the existing uncertainty in the capital and credit markets, the actual rates that would be obtained to borrow under similar conditions could materially differ from the estimates we have used.

The fair value hierarchy is based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value. The three levels of inputs are as follows:

• Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

• Level 2 — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

• Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

For our other financial instruments, including our cash and cash equivalents, patient accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, we estimate the carrying amounts' approximate fair value due to their short term maturity. Our deferred compensation plan assets are recorded at fair value.

Weighted-Average Shares Outstanding

Net income per share attributable to Amedisys, Inc. common stockholders, calculated on the treasury stock method, is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, shares used in our computation of the weighted-average shares outstanding, which are used to calculate our basic and diluted net income per share attributable to Amedisys, Inc. common stockholders and the shares which were anti-dilutive to the computation (amounts in thousands):

	For the Three-Month Periods Ended June 30,				For the Six-Month Periods Ended June 30,
	2011		2010		2011		2010
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic		28,625		28,106		28,495		27,963
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		80		151		86		163
Non-vested stock and stock units		305		340		357		352
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - diluted		29,010		28,597		28,938		28,478
Anti-dilutive securities		2		53		—		—

Recently Issued Accounting Prouncements

In June 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income requiring entities to present net income and other comprehensive income in either a single continuous statement or in two separate, but consecutive, statements of net income and other comprehensive income. The option to present items of other comprehensive income in the statement of changes in equity is eliminated. The ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In July 2011, the FASB ratified the final Emerging Issues Task Force Consensus on Issue No. 09-H, Health Care Entities: Presentation and Disclosure of Net Revenue, Provision for Bad Debts, and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. The Consensus will require health care entities to separately present bad debt expense related to patient service revenue as a reduction to patient service revenue (net of contractual allowances and discounts). Health care entities will be required to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about the activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts, and their policies for assessing collectability in determining the timing and amount of revenue and bad debt expense. The Consensus will be effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2011, with early application permitted. Retrospective application will be required for presenting bad debt expense related to patient service revenue as a reduction of revenue. The expanded disclosures are required to be applied prospectively. We expect the adoption of this final Consensus to decrease our net service revenue by the amount of the provision for doubtful accounts recorded, which will decrease gross margin; however, it will have no effect on net income.