Chubb maintains positions in derivative instruments such as futures, options, swaps, and foreign currency forward contracts for which the primary purposes are to manage duration and foreign currency exposure, yield enhancement, or to obtain an exposure to a particular financial market. Chubb also maintains positions in convertible securities that contain embedded derivatives, and exchange-traded equity futures contracts on equity market indices to limit equity exposure in the market risk benefit (MRB) book of business. Investment derivative instruments, futures contracts on equities, and derivatives designated as hedges for accounting purposes are recorded in either Other assets (OA) or Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities (AP); convertible bonds are recorded in Fixed maturities available-for-sale (FM AFS); and convertible equity securities are recorded in Equity securities (ES) in the Consolidated balance sheets. These are the most numerous and frequent derivative transactions. In addition, Chubb, from time to time, purchases to be announced mortgage-backed securities (TBAs) as part of its investing activities.

As a global company, Chubb entities transact business in multiple currencies. Our policy is to generally match assets, liabilities, and required capital for each individual jurisdiction in local currency, which would include the use of derivatives discussed below. Some of Chubb's derivatives satisfy hedge accounting requirements, as discussed below. We also consider economic hedging for planned cross border transactions.


		December 31, 2023							December 31, 2022
	Consolidated Balance Sheet Location	Fair Value				Notional Value/ Payment Provision			Fair Value					Notional Value/ Payment Provision
		Derivative Asset		Derivative (Liability)				Derivative Asset			Derivative (Liability)
(in millions of U.S. dollars)
Investment and embedded derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency forward contracts	OA / (AP)	$	27	$	(94)	$	3,662		$	64		$	(115)	$	4,134



Options/Futures contracts on notes and bonds	OA / (AP)	27		(42)		2,062			18			(24)		1,511

Convertible securities (1)	FM AFS / ES	56		—		64			30			—		37

		$	110	$	(136)	$	5,788		$	112		$	(139)	$	5,682
Other derivative instruments:
Futures contracts on equities (2)	OA / (AP)	$	—	$	(37)	$	1,157		$	33		$	—	$	939


Other	OA / (AP)	—		(5)		217			—			—		—
		$	—	$	(42)	$	1,374		$	33		$	—	$	939
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Cross-currency swaps - fair value hedges	OA / (AP)	$	126	$	—	$	1,631		$	17		$	—	$	1,595
Cross-currency swaps - net investment hedges	OA / (AP)	10		(128)		1,619			—			(53)		1,604
		$	136	$	(128)	$	3,250		$	17		$	(53)	$	3,199

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, net derivative liabilities of $115 million and $60 million, respectively, included in the table above were subject to a master netting agreement. The remaining derivatives included in the table above were not subject to a master netting agreement.

We designate certain derivatives as fair value hedges and net investment hedges for accounting purposes to hedge for foreign currency exposure associated with portions of our euro denominated debt and the net investment in certain foreign subsidiaries, respectively. These derivatives comprise cross-currency swaps, which are agreements under which two counterparties exchange interest payments and principal denominated in different currencies at a future date. These hedges have been and are expected to be highly effective.

In September 2022, Chubb entered into certain cross-currency swaps designated as fair value hedges. The objective of these cross-currency swaps is to hedge the foreign currency risk on €1.5 billion, or approximately $1.6 billion at December 31, 2023, of our euro denominated debt by converting cash flows back into the U.S. dollar.

These hedges are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in Other comprehensive income (OCI). The gains or losses on the fair value hedges offsetting the foreign currency remeasurement on the hedged euro denominated senior notes are reclassified from OCI into Net realized gains (losses), and an additional portion is reclassified into Interest expense as follows:


	Year Ended December 31
(pre-tax, in millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022
Gain recognized in OCI	$	101	$	17
Net realized gain reclassified from OCI	50		105
Interest expense reclassified from OCI	(16)		(5)
OCI gain (loss) after reclassifications	$	67	$	(83)

In September 2022, Chubb entered into certain cross-currency swaps designated as net investment hedges. The objective of these cross-currency swaps is to hedge the foreign currency exposure in the net investments of certain foreign subsidiaries by converting cash flows from U.S. dollar to the British pound sterling, Japanese yen, and Swiss franc. The hedged risk is designated as the foreign currency exposure arising between the functional currency of the foreign subsidiary and the functional currency of its parent entity. The mark-to-market adjustments for foreign currency changes will remain until the underlying hedge subsidiary is deconsolidated or if hedge accounting is discontinued.

Derivative instruments which are not designated as hedges are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in Net realized gains (losses) or, for futures contracts on equities related to the MRB book of business, in Market risk benefits gains (losses) in the Consolidated statements of operations. The following table presents net gains (losses) related to derivative instrument activity in the Consolidated statements of operations:


	Year Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	2023		2022		2021
Investment and embedded derivative instruments:
Foreign currency forward contracts	$	(50)	$	(339)	$	(62)

All other futures contracts, options, and equities	(2)		297		(10)
Convertible securities (1)	(1)		(1)		—
Total investment and embedded derivative instruments	$	(53)	$	(43)	$	(72)
Other derivative instruments:
Futures contracts on equities (2)	(189)		187		(202)

Other	(10)		(11)		(8)
Total other derivative instruments	$	(199)	$	176	$	(210)
	$	(252)	$	133	$	(282)

Futures contracts give the holder the right and obligation to participate in market movements, determined by the index or underlying security on which the futures contract is based. Settlement is made daily in cash by an amount equal to the change in value of the futures contract times a multiplier that scales the size of the contract. Exchange-traded futures contracts on money market instruments, notes, and bonds are used in fixed maturity portfolios to more efficiently manage duration, as substitutes for ownership of the money market instruments, bonds, and notes without significantly increasing the risk in the portfolio. Investments in futures contracts may be made only to the extent that there are assets under management not otherwise committed. Exchange-traded equity futures contracts are used to limit exposure to a severe equity market decline, which would cause an increase in expected claims and, therefore, an increase in market risk benefit reserves.

An option contract conveys to the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell a specified amount or value of an underlying security at a fixed price. Option contracts are used in our investment portfolio as protection against unexpected shifts in interest rates, which would affect the duration of the fixed maturity portfolio. By using options in the portfolio, the overall interest rate sensitivity of the portfolio can be reduced. Option contracts may also be used as an alternative to futures contracts in the synthetic strategy as described above. The price of an option is influenced by the underlying security, level of interest rates, expected volatility, time to expiration, and supply and demand.

The credit risk associated with the above derivative financial instruments relates to the potential for non-performance by counterparties. Although non-performance is not anticipated, in order to minimize the risk of loss, management monitors the creditworthiness of its counterparties and obtains collateral. The performance of exchange-traded instruments is guaranteed by the exchange on which they trade. For non-exchange-traded instruments, the counterparties are principally banks which must meet certain criteria according to our investment guidelines.

Included within Other are derivatives intended to reduce potential losses which may arise from certain exposures in our insurance business. The economic benefit provided by these derivatives is similar to purchased reinsurance. For example, Chubb may, from time to time, enter into crop derivative contracts to protect underwriting results in the event of a significant decline in commodity prices.

A convertible security is a debt instrument or preferred stock that can be converted into a predetermined amount of the issuer’s equity. The convertible option is an embedded derivative within the host instruments which are classified in the investment portfolio as either available-for-sale or as an equity security. Chubb purchases convertible securities for their total return and not specifically for the conversion feature.

By acquiring TBAs, we make a commitment to purchase a future issuance of mortgage-backed securities. For the period between purchase of the TBAs and issuance of the underlying security, we account for our position as a derivative in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Chubb purchases TBAs, from time to time, both for their total return and for the flexibility they provide related to our mortgage-backed security strategy.

Under the MRB program, as the assuming entity, Chubb is obligated to provide coverage until the expiration or maturity of the underlying deferred annuity contracts or the expiry of the reinsurance treaty. We may recognize a loss for changes in fair value due to adverse changes in the capital markets (e.g., declining interest rates and/or declining U.S. and/or international equity markets). To mitigate adverse changes in the capital markets, we maintain positions in exchange-traded equity futures contracts, as noted under section "(ii) Futures" above. These futures increase in fair value when the S&P 500 index decreases (and decrease in fair value when the S&P 500 index increases). The net impact of gains or losses related to changes in fair value of the MRB liability and the exchange-traded equity futures are included in Market risk benefits gains (losses) in the Consolidated statements of operations.

Chubb participates in a securities lending program operated by a third-party banking institution whereby certain assets are loaned to qualified borrowers and from which we earn an incremental return. The securities lending collateral can only be drawn down by Chubb in the event that the institution borrowing the securities is in default under the lending agreement. An indemnification agreement with the lending agent protects us in the event a borrower becomes insolvent or fails to return any of the securities on loan. The collateral is recorded in Securities lending collateral and the liability is recorded in Securities lending payable in the Consolidated balance sheets.


	Remaining contractual maturity
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	Overnight and Continuous
Collateral held under securities lending agreements:
Cash	$	555	$	820
U.S. Treasury / Agency	33		72
Non-U.S.	621		604
Corporate and asset-backed securities	57		27

Municipal	6		—
Equity securities	27		—

	$	1,299	$	1,523
Gross amount of recognized liability for securities lending payable	$	1,299	$	1,523

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, our repurchase agreement obligations of $2,833 million and $1,419 million, respectively, were fully collateralized. In contrast to securities lending programs, the use of cash received is not restricted for the repurchase obligations. The fair value of the underlying securities sold remains in Fixed maturities available-for-sale or Other investments, and the repurchase agreement obligation is recorded in Repurchase agreements in the Consolidated balance sheets.


			Remaining contractual maturity
	December 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
	Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater than 90 Days				Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Total
(in millions of U.S. dollars)							Total
Collateral pledged under repurchase agreements:
Cash	$	—	$	33	$	1	$	34	$	12	$	—	$	12
Non-U.S.	1,355		—		—		1,355		—		—		—
U.S. Treasury / Agency	—		105		—		105		—		101		101

Mortgage-backed securities	—		913		517		1,430		921		493		1,414


	$	1,355	$	1,051	$	518	$	2,924	$	933	$	594	$	1,527
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements							$	2,833					$	1,419
Difference (1)							$	91					$	108

Potential risks exist in our secured borrowing transactions due to market conditions and counterparty exposure. With collateral that we pledge, there is a risk that the collateral may not be returned at the expiration of the agreement. If the counterparty fails to return the collateral, Chubb will have free use of the borrowed funds until our collateral is returned. In addition, we may encounter the risk that Chubb may not be able to renew outstanding borrowings with a new term or with an existing counterparty due to market conditions including a decrease in demand as well as more restrictive terms from banks due to increased regulatory and capital constraints. Should this condition occur, Chubb may seek alternative borrowing sources or reduce borrowings. Additionally, increased margins and collateral requirements due to market conditions would increase our restricted assets as we are required to provide additional collateral to support the transaction.

Our investment portfolio is managed following prudent standards of diversification. Specific provisions limit the allowable holdings of a single issue and issuer. We believe that there are no significant concentrations of credit risk associated with our investments. Our three largest corporate exposures by issuer at December 31, 2023, were Bank of America Corp, Morgan Stanley, and JPMorgan Chase & Co. Our largest exposure by industry at December 31, 2023, was financial services.

We market our insurance and reinsurance worldwide primarily through insurance and reinsurance brokers. We assume a degree of credit risk associated with brokers with whom we transact business. Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. generated or placed approximately 11 percent, 11 percent, and 12 percent of our gross premiums written for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. This entity is a large, well-established company, and there are no indications that it is financially troubled at December 31, 2023. No other broker or one insured accounted for more than 10 percent of our gross premiums written for these years.

Private equities in the Consolidated balance sheets are investments in limited partnerships and partially-owned investment companies with a carrying value of 13.9 billion at December 31, 2023. In connection with these investments, we have commitments that may require funding of up to $6.2 billion over the next several years. At December 31, 2022, these investments had a carrying value of $12.0 billion with commitments that could have required funding of up to $7.4 billion.

We have access to capital markets and to credit facilities with letter of credit capacity of $4.0 billion, $3.0 billion of which can be used for revolving credit. Our existing credit facilities have remaining terms expiring through October 2027. Our LOC usage was $948 million and $1.4 billion at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to claims litigation involving disputed interpretations of policy coverages and, in some jurisdictions, direct actions by allegedly-injured persons seeking damages from policyholders. These lawsuits, involving claims on policies issued by our subsidiaries which are typical to the insurance industry in general and in the normal course of business, are considered in our loss and loss expense reserves. In addition to claims litigation, we are subject to lawsuits and regulatory actions in the normal course of business that do not arise from or directly relate to claims on insurance policies. This category of business litigation typically involves, among other things, allegations of underwriting errors or misconduct, employment claims, regulatory activity, or disputes arising from our business ventures. In the opinion of management, our ultimate liability for these matters could be, but we believe is not likely to be, material to our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the right-of-use asset was $784 million and $607 million, respectively, recorded within Other assets, and the lease liability was $832 million and $633 million, respectively, recorded within Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. These leases consist principally of real estate operating leases that are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, which expire at various dates. As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate for the operating leases was 11.8 years and 4.6 percent, respectively. Rent expense was $181 million, $161 million, and $149 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.


For the years ending December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)
Undiscounted cash flows:
2024	$	166
2025	141
2026	117
2027	88
2028	65
Thereafter	618
Total undiscounted lease payments	$	1,195
Less: Present value adjustment	363
Net lease liabilities reported as of December 31, 2023	$	832