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Separate accounts
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Separate Accounts Disclosure [Abstract]  
Separate Accounts Separate accounts
Separate account assets represent segregated funds where investment risks are borne by the customers, except to the extent of certain guarantees made by Chubb. The assets that support variable contracts are measured at fair value and are reported as Separate account assets and corresponding liabilities are reported within Separate account liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. Policy charges assessed against the policyholders for mortality, administration, and other services are included in Net premiums earned on the Consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents the aggregate fair value of Separate account assets, by major security type:
September 30December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)20232022
Cash and cash equivalents $88 $141 
Mutual funds 5,129 4,960 
Fixed maturities89 89 
Total$5,306 $5,190 
The following table presents a roll-forward of separate account liabilities:
Nine Months Ended
September 30
(in millions of U.S. dollars)20232022
Balance – beginning of period$5,190 $5,560 
Acquisition of Cigna 301 
Premiums and deposits724 1,147 
Policy charges(103)(93)
Surrenders and withdrawals(407)(304)
Benefit payments(291)(289)
Investment performance382 (978)
Other (including foreign exchange)(189)(453)
Balance – end of period$5,306 $4,891 
Cash surrender value (1)
$5,285 $4,771 
(1) Cash surrender value represents the amount of the contract holder's account balances distributable at the balance sheet date less certain surrender charges.