Segment information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment information

Segment information

Chubb operates through six business segments: North America Commercial P&C Insurance, North America Personal P&C Insurance, North America Agricultural Insurance, Overseas General Insurance, Global Reinsurance, and Life Insurance. These segments distribute their products through various forms of brokers, agencies, and direct marketing programs. All business segments have established relationships with reinsurance intermediaries. Segment results for year ended December 31, 2022, include the results of Cigna's business in Asia from July 1, 2022, which are principally assigned to our Life Insurance segment and, to a lesser extent, our Overseas General Insurance segment according to the nature of the business written.

•The North America Commercial P&C Insurance segment comprises operations that provide P&C and A&H insurance and services to large, middle market, and small commercial businesses in the U.S., Canada, and Bermuda. This segment includes our retail divisions: Major Accounts; Commercial Insurance, including Small Commercial Insurance; Chubb Bermuda, our high excess business; and Westchester, our wholesale and specialty division. These divisions write a variety of coverages, including property, casualty, workers’ compensation, package policies, risk management, financial lines, marine, construction, environmental, medical risk, cyber risk, surety, excess casualty, and A&H insurance.

•The North America Personal P&C Insurance segment comprises the business written by Chubb Personal Risk Services division, which includes high net worth personal lines business, with operations in the U.S. and Canada. This segment provides affluent and high net worth individuals and families with homeowners, high value automobile and collector cars, valuable articles (including fine arts), personal and excess liability, travel insurance, and recreational marine insurance and services.

•The North America Agricultural Insurance segment includes the business written by Rain and Hail Insurance Service, Inc. in the U.S. and Canada, which provides comprehensive multiple peril crop insurance (MPCI) and crop-hail insurance, and Chubb Agribusiness, which offers farm and ranch property as well as specialty P&C coverages, including commercial agriculture products.

•The Overseas General Insurance segment includes the business written by two Chubb divisions that provides both commercial and consumer P&C insurance and services in the 51 countries and territories outside of North America where the company operates. Chubb International, our retail division, provides commercial P&C, A&H and traditional and specialty personal lines for large corporations, middle markets and small customers through retail brokers, agents and other channels locally around the world. CGM provides commercial P&C excess and surplus lines wholesale business primarily through

wholesale brokers in the London market and through Lloyd’s. These divisions write a variety of coverages, including traditional commercial P&C, specialty categories such as financial lines, marine, energy, aviation, political risk and construction, as well as group A&H and traditional and specialty personal lines.

•The Global Reinsurance segment includes the reinsurance business written by Chubb Tempest Re, comprising Chubb Tempest Re Bermuda, Chubb Tempest Re USA, Chubb Tempest Re International, and Chubb Tempest Re Canada. Chubb Tempest Re provides a broad range of traditional and specialty reinsurance coverages to a diverse array of primary P&C companies, including small, mid-sized, and multinational ceding companies.

•The Life Insurance segment includes our international life operations (Chubb Life) which, commencing on July 1, 2022, includes the acquired Cigna A&H and life insurance business in Korea, Taiwan, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and Indonesia. The Life Insurance segment also includes Chubb Tempest Life Re (Chubb Life Re), and the North American supplemental A&H and life insurance business of Combined Insurance.

Corporate primarily includes the results of all run-off A&E exposures, run-off Brandywine business, Westchester specialty operations for 1996 and prior years, and certain other run-off exposures, including molestation claims. In addition, Corporate includes the results of our non-insurance companies including Chubb Limited, Chubb Group Management and Holdings Ltd., and Chubb INA Holdings Inc. Our exposure to A&E and molestation claims principally arises out of liabilities acquired when we purchased Westchester Specialty in 1998, CIGNA’s P&C business in 1999, and Chubb Corp in 2016.

Management uses underwriting income (loss) as the basis for segment performance. Chubb calculates underwriting income (loss) by subtracting Losses and loss expenses, Policy benefits, Policy acquisition costs, and Administrative expenses from Net premiums earned. Segment income (loss) includes underwriting income (loss), net investment income (loss), and other operating income and expense items such as each segment's share of the operating income (loss) related to partially-owned entities and miscellaneous income and expense items for which the segments are held accountable. Our main measure of segment performance is Segment income (loss), which also includes amortization of purchased intangibles acquired by the segment. We determined that this definition of segment income (loss) is appropriate and aligns with how the business is managed. We continue to evaluate our segments as our business continues to evolve and may further refine our segments and segment income (loss) measures.

Revenue and expenses managed at the corporate level, including net realized gains (losses), interest expense, Cigna integration expenses, and income tax are reported within Corporate. Cigna integration expenses are one-time costs that are directly attributable to third-party consulting fees, employee-related retention costs, and other professional and legal fees related to the acquisition of Cigna's A&H and Life insurance companies in several Asian markets. These items are not allocated to the segment level as they are one-time in nature and are not related to the ongoing business activities of the segment. The Chief Executive Officer does not manage segment results or allocate resources to segments when considering these costs, and therefore are excluded from our definition of segment income (loss).

Certain items are presented in a different manner for segment reporting purposes than in the Consolidated Financial Statements. These items are reconciled to the consolidated presentation in the Segment measure reclass column below and include:

•Losses and loss expenses include realized gains and losses on crop derivatives. These derivatives were purchased to provide economic benefit, in a manner similar to reinsurance protection, in the event that a significant decline in commodity pricing impacts underwriting results. We view gains and losses on these derivatives as part of the results of our underwriting operations, and therefore, realized gains (losses) from these derivatives are reclassified to losses and loss expenses.

•Policy benefits include fair value changes on separate accounts that do not qualify for separate accounting under U.S. GAAP. These gains and losses have been reclassified from Other (income) expense. We view gains and losses from fair value changes in both separate account assets and liabilities as part of the results of our underwriting operations, and therefore these gains and losses are reclassified to policy benefits.

•Net investment income includes investment income reclassified from Other (income) expense related to partially-owned investment companies (private equity partnerships) where our ownership interest is in excess of three percent. We view investment income from these equity-method private equity partnerships as net investment income for segment reporting purposes.

The following tables present the Statement of Operations by segment:

For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 (in millions of U.S. dollars)	North America Commercial P&C Insurance		North America Personal P&C Insurance		North America Agricultural Insurance		Overseas General Insurance		Global Reinsurance		Life Insurance		Corporate		Segment Measure Reclass		Chubb Consolidated
Net premiums written	$	17,889	$	5,313	$	2,907	$	11,060	$	943	$	3,643	$	—	$	—	$	41,755
Net premiums earned	17,107		5,180		2,838		10,803		922		3,539		—		—		40,389
Losses and loss expenses	10,828		3,186		2,557		5,252		670		497		363		(11)		23,342
Policy benefits	—		—		—		—		—		1,534		—		(42)		1,492
Policy acquisition costs	2,313		1,057		126		2,818		240		838		—		—		7,392
Administrative expenses	1,113		291		(10)		1,070		36		510		385		—		3,395
Underwriting income (loss)	2,853		646		165		1,663		(24)		160		(748)		53		4,768
Net investment income	2,247		283		36		626		281		509		—		(240)		3,742
Other (income) expense	17		4		1		2		1		(45)		292		(198)		74
Amortization expense of purchased intangibles	—		10		26		57		—		10		182		—		285
Segment income (loss)	$	5,083	$	915	$	174	$	2,230	$	256	$	704	$	(1,222)	$	11	$	8,151
Net realized gains (losses)													(954)		(11)		(965)
Interest expense													570		—		570
Cigna integration expenses													48		—		48
Income tax expense													1,255		—		1,255
Net income (loss)													$	(4,049)	$	—	$	5,313

For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 (in millions of U.S. dollars)	North America Commercial P&C Insurance		North America Personal P&C Insurance		North America Agricultural Insurance		Overseas General Insurance		Global Reinsurance		Life Insurance		Corporate		Segment Measure Reclass		Chubb Consolidated
Net premiums written	$	16,415	$	5,002	$	2,388	$	10,713	$	873	$	2,477	$	—	$	—	$	37,868
Net premiums earned	15,461		4,915		2,338		10,441		798		2,402		—		—		36,355
Losses and loss expenses	10,015		2,924		1,962		5,143		632		740		572		(8)		21,980
Policy benefits	—		—		—		—		—		707		—		(8)		699
Policy acquisition costs	2,082		1,001		124		2,799		200		712		—		—		6,918
Administrative expenses	1,052		276		(3)		1,078		35		333		365		—		3,136
Underwriting income (loss)	2,312		714		255		1,421		(69)		(90)		(937)		16		3,622
Net investment income (loss)	2,078		249		28		597		331		407		(55)		(179)		3,456
Other (income) expense	31		(2)		1		—		—		(106)		(2,118)		(171)		(2,365)
Amortization expense of purchased intangibles	—		10		26		48		—		5		198		—		287
Segment income	$	4,359	$	955	$	256	$	1,970	$	262	$	418	$	928	$	8	$	9,156
Net realized gains (losses)													1,160		(8)		1,152
Interest expense													492		—		492
Income tax expense													1,277		—		1,277
Net income													$	319	$	—	$	8,539

For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 (in millions of U.S. dollars)	North America Commercial P&C Insurance		North America Personal P&C Insurance		North America Agricultural Insurance		Overseas General Insurance		Global Reinsurance		Life Insurance		Corporate		Segment Measure Reclass		Chubb Consolidated
Net premiums written	$	14,474	$	4,920	$	1,846	$	9,335	$	731	$	2,514	$	—	$	—	$	33,820
Net premiums earned	13,964		4,866		1,822		9,285		698		2,482		—		—		33,117
Losses and loss expenses	10,129		3,187		1,544		5,255		435		724		435		1		21,710
Policy benefits	—		—		—		—		—		726		—		58		784
Policy acquisition costs	1,942		974		123		2,568		174		766		—		—		6,547
Administrative expenses	1,006		270		9		1,034		37		320		303		—		2,979
Underwriting income (loss)	887		435		146		428		52		(54)		(738)		(59)		1,097
Net investment income (loss)	2,061		260		30		534		307		385		(87)		(115)		3,375
Other (income) expense	23		5		1		13		2		(74)		(791)		(173)		(994)
Amortization expense of purchased intangibles	—		11		27		45		—		4		203		—		290
Segment income (loss)	$	2,925	$	679	$	148	$	904	$	357	$	401	$	(237)	$	(1)	$	5,176
Net realized gains (losses)													(499)		1		(498)
Interest expense													516		—		516
Income tax expense													629		—		629
Net income (loss)													$	(1,881)	$	—	$	3,533

Underwriting assets are reviewed in total by management for purposes of decision-making. Other than Unpaid losses and loss expenses, Future policy benefits, Reinsurance recoverables, Goodwill and Other intangible assets, Chubb does not allocate assets to its segments.

The following table presents net premiums earned for each segment by line of business:

	For the Year Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	2022		2021		2020
North America Commercial P&C Insurance
Property & other short-tail lines	$	3,383	$	2,942	$	2,423
Casualty & all other	13,056		11,905		10,812
A&H	668		614		729
Total North America Commercial P&C Insurance	17,107		15,461		13,964
North America Personal P&C Insurance
Personal automobile	811		781		822
Personal homeowners	3,557		3,384		3,327
Personal other	812		750		717
Total North America Personal P&C Insurance	5,180		4,915		4,866
North America Agricultural Insurance	2,838		2,338		1,822
Overseas General Insurance
Property & other short-tail lines	3,382		3,105		2,468
Casualty & all other	3,232		3,114		2,738
Personal lines	2,020		2,109		1,981
A&H	2,169		2,113		2,098
Total Overseas General Insurance	10,803		10,441		9,285
Global Reinsurance
Property	211		151		104
Property catastrophe	208		190		173
Casualty & all other	503		457		421
Total Global Reinsurance	922		798		698
Life Insurance
Life	1,484		1,320		1,317
A&H	2,055		1,082		1,165
Total Life Insurance	3,539		2,402		2,482
Total net premiums earned	$	40,389	$	36,355	$	33,117

The following table presents net premiums earned by geographic region. Allocations have been made on the basis of location of risk:

	North America		Europe (1)		Asia Pacific / Japan		Latin America
2022	69	%	11	%	14	%	6	%
2021	70	%	12	%	12	%	6	%
2020	70	%	11	%	12	%	7	%

(1)     Europe includes Middle East and Africa regions.