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Unpaid losses and loss expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Abstract]

Schedule Of Unpaid Losses And Loss Expenses Roll Forward

The following table presents a reconciliation of Unpaid losses and loss expenses:



	Year Ended December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	2017			2016				2015
Gross unpaid losses and loss expenses, beginning of year	$	60,540			$	37,303			$	38,315
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses ⁽¹⁾	(12,708		)		(10,741		)		(11,307		)
Net unpaid losses and loss expenses, beginning of year	47,832				26,562				27,008
Acquisition of subsidiaries	—				21,402				417
Total	47,832				47,964				27,425
Net losses and loss expenses incurred in respect of losses occurring in:
Current year	19,391				17,256				10,030
Prior years ⁽²⁾	(937		)		(1,204		)		(546		)
Total	18,454				16,052				9,484
Net losses and loss expenses paid in respect of losses occurring in:
Current year	6,575				5,899				4,053
Prior years	10,873				9,816				5,612
Total	17,448				15,715				9,665
Foreign currency revaluation and other	327				(469		)		(682		)
Net unpaid losses and loss expenses, end of year	49,165				47,832				26,562
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses ⁽¹⁾	14,014				12,708				10,741
Gross unpaid losses and loss expenses, end of year	$	63,179			$	60,540			$	37,303

⁽¹⁾ Net of provision for uncollectible reinsurance.

⁽²⁾ Relates to prior period loss reserve development only and excludes prior period development related to reinstatement premiums, expense adjustments, and earned premiums totaling $108 million, $69 million, and nil, for 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Table Text Block]

The following table presents a reconciliation of the loss development tables to the liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses in the consolidated balance sheet:



Reconciliation of Reserve Balances to Liability for Unpaid Loss and Loss Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Presented in the loss development tables:
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Workers' Compensation	$	8,873
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Liability	16,631
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Other Casualty	1,789
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Non-Casualty	2,398
North America Personal P&C Insurance	2,421
Overseas General Insurance — Casualty	6,026
Overseas General Insurance — Non-Casualty	2,549
Global Reinsurance — Casualty	1,340
Global Reinsurance — Non-Casualty	371
Excluded from the loss development tables:
Other	4,302
Net unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expense	46,700
Ceded unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expense:
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Workers' Compensation	$	1,737
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Liability	4,133
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Other Casualty	813
North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Non-Casualty	1,336
North America Personal P&C Insurance	503
Overseas General Insurance — Casualty	2,550
Overseas General Insurance — Non-Casualty	1,269
Global Reinsurance — Casualty	76
Global Reinsurance — Non-Casualty	142
Other	1,628
Ceded unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expense	14,187
Unpaid loss and loss expense on other than short-duration contracts ⁽¹⁾	810
Unpaid unallocated loss adjustment expenses	1,482
Unpaid losses and loss expenses	$	63,179

⁽¹⁾ Primarily includes the claims reserve of our international A&H business and Life Insurance segment reserves.

Claims Development tables [Table Text Block]

This product line has a substantial geographic spread and a broad mix across industries. Types of coverage include risk management business predominantly with high deductible policies, loss sensitive business (i.e., retrospectively-rated policies), business fronted for captives, as well as excess and primary guaranteed cost coverages.

The triangle below shows all loss and allocated expense development for the workers' compensation product line. In our prior period development disclosure, we exclude any loss development where there is a directly related premium adjustment. For workers' compensation, changes in the exposure base due to payroll audits will drive changes in ultimate losses. In addition, we record involuntary pool assumptions (premiums and losses) on a lagged basis. Both of these items will influence the development in the triangle, particularly the first prior accident year, and are included in the reconciliation table presented on page F-65.



North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Workers' Compensation — Long-tail (continued)
Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	1,084	$	1,042		$	1,043	$	1,037	$	1,036	$	1,010	$	1,009	$	1,004	$	986	$	993	$	214
2009			1,029			998		997		990		980		977		966		972		965		233
2010						1,049		1,037		1,050		1,065		1,064		1,052		1,028		1,020		262
2011								1,037		1,030		1,046		1,049		1,053		1,022		1,012		294
2012										1,050		1,011		1,030		1,040		1,011		989		326
2013												1,109		1,108		1,122		1,127		1,085		368
2014														1,207		1,201		1,217		1,214		553
2015																1,282		1,259		1,271		631
2016																		1,367		1,367		806
2017																				1,411		1,080
Total																				$	11,327



Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	124	$	275		$	371	$	439	$	503	$	546	$	578	$	607	$	632	$	651	333
2009			107			258		348		416		475		519		550		597		617		282
2010						123		300		411		493		551		592		617		641		304
2011								119		294		411		484		533		567		595		287
2012										111		271		365		436		486		532		288
2013												107		286		422		506		553		300
2014														113		295		410		484		337
2015																116		301		418		339
2016																		122		326		310
2017																				120		307
Total																				$	4,937



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	2,483
All Accident years	$	8,873

This product line is comprised of D&O liability, E&O liability, financial institutions (including crime/fidelity coverages), and non-U.S. general liability as well as aviation and political risk. Exposures are located around the world, including Europe, Latin America, and Asia. Approximately 40 percent of Chubb International’s business is generated by European accounts.

There is some U.S. exposure in Casualty from multinational accounts. The financial lines coverages are typically written on a claims-made form, while general liability coverages are typically on an occurrence basis and comprised of a mix of primary and excess businesses.



Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	1,220	$	1,334		$	1,423	$	1,444	$	1,453	$	1,408	$	1,336	$	1,315	$	1,330	$	1,281	$	81
2009			1,284			1,425		1,474		1,485		1,482		1,365		1,257		1,256		1,202		76
2010						1,231		1,311		1,358		1,430		1,365		1,312		1,183		1,178		97
2011								1,272		1,277		1,270		1,262		1,176		1,109		1,094		157
2012										1,311		1,281		1,348		1,367		1,363		1,345		279
2013												1,289		1,284		1,284		1,330		1,270		314
2014														1,295		1,366		1,377		1,388		506
2015																1,223		1,324		1,353		542
2016																		1,227		1,333		749
2017																				1,229		968
Total																				$	12,673



Overseas General Insurance — Casualty — Long-tail (continued)
Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	121	$	306		$	472	$	642	$	790	$	895	$	971	$	1,029	$	1,083	$	1,116	39
2009			123			341		524		667		763		824		896		993		1,020		39
2010						109		277		481		629		740		831		883		938		41
2011								91		250		400		534		638		719		795		42
2012										77		254		443		598		714		856		42
2013												90		272		432		584		727		42
2014														117		299		481		614		43
2015																92		296		504		45
2016																		127		328		45
2017																				99		34
Total																				$	6,997



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	350
All Accident years	$	6,026

This line consists of primary and excess liability exposures, including medical liability, and professional lines, including directors and officers (D&O) liability, errors and omissions (E&O) liability, employment practices liability (EPL), fidelity bonds, and fiduciary liability.

The primary and excess liability business represents the largest part of these exposures. The former includes both monoline and commercial package liability. The latter includes a substantial proportion of commercial umbrella, excess and high excess business, where loss activity can produce significant volatility in the loss triangles at later ages within an accident year (and sometimes across years) due to the size of the limits afforded and the complex nature of the underlying losses.

This line includes management and professional liability products provided to a wide variety of clients, from national accounts to small firms along with private and not-for-profit organizations, distributed through brokers, agents, wholesalers and MGAs. Many of these coverages, particularly D&O and E&O, are typically written on a claims-made form. While most of the coverages are underwritten on a primary basis, there are significant amounts of excess exposure with large policy limits.



Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	3,792	$	3,823		$	3,812	$	3,791	$	3,652	$	3,412	$	3,352	$	3,278	$	3,174	$	3,157	$	245
2009			3,798			3,783		3,770		3,743		3,642		3,392		3,316		3,244		3,103		250
2010						3,578		3,583		3,601		3,559		3,419		3,250		3,128		3,107		423
2011								3,500		3,585		3,629		3,664		3,593		3,498		3,383		589
2012										3,552		3,628		3,613		3,564		3,524		3,426		856
2013												3,546		3,541		3,542		3,532		3,430		1,090
2014														3,535		3,585		3,674		3,717		1,526
2015																3,559		3,708		3,818		1,941
2016																		3,533		3,594		2,381
2017																				3,386		2,994
Total																				$	34,121



North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Liability — Long-tail (continued)
Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	147	$	580		$	1,110	$	1,643	$	1,992	$	2,323	$	2,558	$	2,657	$	2,753	$	2,836	21
2009			135			587		1,160		1,672		2,019		2,357		2,545		2,678		2,730		21
2010						126		611		1,108		1,559		1,893		2,259		2,426		2,527		20
2011								160		652		1,209		1,805		2,214		2,476		2,659		20
2012										166		656		1,172		1,680		2,092		2,326		20
2013												130		548		1,192		1,597		2,007		20
2014														164		679		1,250		1,804		21
2015																138		605		1,206		23
2016																		171		663		24
2017																				161		19
Total																				$	18,919



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	1,429
All Accident years	$	16,631

North America Personal P&C Insurance — Short-tail

Chubb provides personal lines coverages for high-net-worth individuals and families in North America including homeowners, automobile, valuable articles (including fine art), umbrella liability, and recreational marine insurance offered through independent regional agents and brokers. A portfolio acquired from Fireman’s Fund is presented on a prospective basis beginning in May of accident year 2015. Reserves associated with prior accident periods were acquired through a loss portfolio transfer, which does not allow for a retrospective presentation. During this ten-year period, this segment was also impacted by natural catastrophes, mainly in 2008, 2012, and 2017 accident years.



North America Personal P&C Insurance — Short-tail (continued)
Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	1,779	$	1,779		$	1,749	$	1,724	$	1,695	$	1,677	$	1,670	$	1,661	$	1,661	$	1,659	$	5
2009			1,611			1,598		1,568		1,554		1,545		1,538		1,538		1,534		1,533		7
2010						1,870		1,878		1,855		1,838		1,834		1,830		1,825		1,822		9
2011								2,208		2,210		2,185		2,173		2,164		2,160		2,159		13
2012										2,185		2,183		2,183		2,191		2,185		2,186		9
2013												1,860		1,888		1,896		1,899		1,924		41
2014														2,205		2,206		2,192		2,145		29
2015																2,494		2,549		2,560		126
2016																		2,439		2,542		248
2017																				3,034		725
Total																				$	21,564



Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	975	$	1,409		$	1,521	$	1,586	$	1,622	$	1,638	$	1,644	$	1,647	$	1,651	$	1,651	139
2009			887			1,236		1,347		1,439		1,486		1,503		1,513		1,521		1,523		125
2010						1,153		1,522		1,670		1,729		1,772		1,793		1,805		1,811		149
2011								1,360		1,835		1,971		2,051		2,105		2,129		2,138		168
2012										1,176		1,806		1,957		2,063		2,117		2,149		173
2013												1,043		1,504		1,687		1,786		1,843		126
2014														1,310		1,764		1,925		2,034		135
2015																1,499		2,083		2,270		139
2016																		1,453		2,051		140
2017																				1,698		123
Total																				$	19,168



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	25
All Accident years	$	2,421

This product line represents first party commercial product lines that are short-tailed in nature, such as property, inland marine, ocean marine, surety and A&H. There is a wide diversity of products, primary and excess coverages, and policy sizes. During this ten-year period, this product line was also impacted by natural catastrophes mainly in the 2008, 2012, and 2017 accident years.



Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	1,999	$	1,941		$	1,916	$	1,901	$	1,890	$	1,881	$	1,877	$	1,865	$	1,863	$	1,859	$	5
2009			1,310			1,307		1,251		1,222		1,205		1,198		1,198		1,195		1,194		9
2010						1,507		1,543		1,466		1,430		1,428		1,420		1,416		1,410		9
2011								1,963		1,938		1,881		1,859		1,839		1,843		1,838		15
2012										2,034		1,918		1,884		1,866		1,861		1,848		11
2013												1,434		1,424		1,337		1,360		1,340		18
2014														1,647		1,663		1,581		1,561		29
2015																1,737		1,746		1,650		83
2016																		1,911		1,888		168
2017																				2,641		1,089
Total																				$	17,229



North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Non-Casualty — Short-tail (continued)
Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	965	$	1,622		$	1,744	$	1,794	$	1,823	$	1,832	$	1,838	$	1,847	$	1,848	$	1,851	999
2009			620			1,035		1,125		1,149		1,163		1,171		1,179		1,181		1,181		1,125
2010						724		1,223		1,323		1,359		1,384		1,393		1,396		1,397		1,059
2011								939		1,573		1,718		1,777		1,787		1,811		1,816		1,053
2012										715		1,577		1,698		1,766		1,795		1,822		1,037
2013												651		1,138		1,237		1,285		1,311		1,074
2014														820		1,373		1,484		1,505		1,102
2015																726		1,343		1,488		1,173
2016																		846		1,504		1,293
2017																				979		1,175
Total																				$	14,854



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	23
All Accident years	$	2,398

This product line includes proportional and excess coverages in general, automobile liability, professional liability, medical malpractice, workers' compensation and aviation, with exposures located around the world. In general, reinsurance exhibits less stable development patterns than primary business. In particular general casualty reinsurance and excess coverages are long-tailed and can be very volatile.



Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	399	$	420		$	439	$	431	$	428	$	407	$	408	$	404	$	401	$	399	$	48
2009			319			351		363		370		366		347		331		320		316		24
2010						401		421		432		443		432		426		416		402		55
2011								409		416		431		434		429		419		415		45
2012										387		383		391		394		379		372		23
2013												321		327		330		330		331		41
2014														333		334		340		343		46
2015																285		289		300		47
2016																		224		228		63
2017																				214		121
Total																				$	3,320



Global Reinsurance — Casualty — Long-tail (continued)
Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	33	$	77		$	131	$	176	$	220	$	253	$	277	$	295	$	305	$	315	1.209
2009			34			79		116		154		187		209		227		241		256		0.868
2010						56		125		179		221		249		274		292		307		0.795
2011								70		146		195		236		267		291		311		0.660
2012										77		167		222		261		292		308		0.472
2013												65		143		186		222		242		0.337
2014														92		185		218		249		0.400
2015																90		159		191		0.304
2016																		57		113		0.258
2017																				47		0.088
Total																				$	2,339



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	359
All Accident years	$	1,340

This product line consists of the remaining commercial casualty coverages such as automobile liability and aviation. There is also a small portion of commercial multi-peril (CMP) business in accident years 2014 and prior. The paid and reported data are impacted by some catastrophe loss activity primarily on the CMP exposures just noted.



North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Other-Casualty — Long-tail (continued)
Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	693	$	733		$	700	$	661	$	644	$	647	$	643	$	646	$	641	$	637	$	13
2009			594			584		550		531		488		454		447		445		441		2
2010						610		604		598		543		503		475		477		489		33
2011								577		586		578		545		530		521		513		33
2012										632		604		575		559		518		517		27
2013												526		530		522		515		468		60
2014														592		581		579		594		147
2015																486		469		501		191
2016																		503		494		249
2017																				531		387
Total																				$	5,185



Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	144	$	342		$	446	$	520	$	566	$	591	$	602	$	610	$	618	$	617	20
2009			70			206		287		337		374		402		414		423		428		15
2010						97		236		322		364		392		434		444		449		15
2011								86		235		341		400		437		461		466		16
2012										69		223		319		386		435		470		16
2013												69		197		271		348		385		18
2014														80		220		317		391		17
2015																47		137		215		15
2016																		52		146		15
2017																				66		13
Total																				$	3,633



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	237
All Accident years	$	1,789

This product line includes property, property catastrophe, marine, credit/surety, A&H and energy. This product line is impacted by natural catastrophes, particularly in the 2008, 2011 and 2017 years. Of the non-catastrophe book, the mixture of business varies by year with approximately 72 percent of loss on proportional treaties in Treaty Year 2008 and after. This percentage has increased over time with the proportion being approximately 60 percent from 2008 to 2012 growing to an average of 84 percent from 2013 to 2017, with the remainder being written on an excess of loss basis.



Global Reinsurance — Non-Casualty — Short-tail (continued)
Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses																Years Ended December 31						December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	316	$	310		$	301	$	292	$	286	$	286	$	287	$	284	$	285	$	286	$	2
2009			141			172		152		150		144		141		139		139		139		3
2010						200		235		224		218		222		224		225		225		5
2011								274		275		272		262		263		264		264		1
2012										232		210		200		191		189		187		2
2013												163		160		149		143		144		5
2014														163		179		179		182		9
2015																146		154		161		8
2016																		182		188		17
2017																				396		82
Total																				$	2,172



Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses																Years Ended December 31						December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	79	$	177		$	228	$	260	$	274	$	276	$	278	$	280	$	280	$	280	0.179
2009			52			106		122		129		132		134		134		134		134		0.114
2010						56		162		188		200		205		216		214		217		0.101
2011								85		176		207		232		251		255		258		0.128
2012										44		129		156		166		172		177		0.113
2013												46		103		121		131		133		0.119
2014														65		128		151		162		0.100
2015																56		103		132		0.110
2016																		57		132		0.168
2017																				191		0.205
Total																				$	1,816



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	15
All Accident years	$	371

This product line is comprised of commercial fire, marine (predominantly cargo), surety, personal automobile (in Latin America, Asia Pacific and Japan), personal cell phones, personal residential (including high net worth), energy and construction. Latin America and Europe each make up about 35 percent of the Chubb International non-casualty book. In general, these lines have relatively stable payment and reporting patterns although they are impacted by natural catastrophes mainly in the 2008, 2010, 2011, and 2017 accident years.



Overseas General Insurance — Non-Casualty — Short-tail (continued)
Net Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Net IBNR Reserves
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	1,609	$	1,608		$	1,563	$	1,547	$	1,553	$	1,527	$	1,524	$	1,519	$	1,508	$	1,504	$	25
2009			1,564			1,534		1,446		1,415		1,395		1,377		1,377		1,366		1,366		3
2010						1,713		1,734		1,705		1,693		1,687		1,673		1,660		1,643		13
2011								1,950		2,035		1,978		1,939		1,920		1,908		1,901		7
2012										1,775		1,764		1,723		1,667		1,661		1,650		34
2013												1,868		1,859		1,787		1,739		1,730		62
2014														1,975		2,048		1,985		1,959		72
2015																2,111		2,243		2,195		157
2016																		2,164		2,148		19
2017																				2,349		307
Total																				$	18,445



Net Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
	Years Ended December 31																					December 31 2017
(in millions of U.S. dollars)					Unaudited																	Reported Claims (in thousands)
Accident Year	2008		2009			2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017		2017
2008	$	646	$	1,218		$	1,360	$	1,428	$	1,451	$	1,461	$	1,469	$	1,477	$	1,477	$	1,484	539
2009			602			1,095		1,233		1,300		1,324		1,335		1,341		1,344		1,343		518
2010						698		1,276		1,480		1,543		1,583		1,596		1,603		1,604		561
2011								793		1,520		1,728		1,786		1,817		1,832		1,841		579
2012										716		1,284		1,479		1,539		1,562		1,572		600
2013												738		1,340		1,541		1,574		1,612		622
2014														800		1,497		1,715		1,782		594
2015																901		1,638		1,873		627
2016																		1,083		1,752		637
2017																				1,098		616
Total																				$	15,961



Net Liabilities for Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	65
All Accident years	$	2,549



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	(3	)
All Accident years	$	(141	)

Supplementary PPD [Table Text Block]



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	—
All Accident years	$	16



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	—
All Accident years	$	(188	)



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	14
All Accident years	$	—



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	(35	)
All Accident years	$	(108	)



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	(10	)
All Accident years	$	76



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	(13	)
All Accident years	$	(68	)



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	(3	)
All Accident years	$	(141	)



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	(154	)
All Accident years	$	(434	)



Supplementary Information: (Favorable)/ Adverse Prior Period Development
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	December 31, 2017
Accident years prior to 2008	$	(60	)
All Accident years	$	(72	)

Schedule of Historical Claims [Table Text Block]



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2017
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	34	%	38	%	14	%	7	%	4	%	2	%	—	%	1	%	—	%	—	%



North America Personal P&C Insurance — Short-tail (continued)
Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2017
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	58	%	24	%	7	%	5	%	3	%	1	%	1	%	—	%	—	%	—	%



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2017
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	8	%	15	%	14	%	12	%	10	%	8	%	6	%	6	%	3	%	3	%



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2017
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	19	%	20	%	12	%	11	%	8	%	6	%	5	%	4	%	4	%	3	%



North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Other-Casualty — Long-tail (continued)
Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2017
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	15	%	26	%	17	%	12	%	8	%	6	%	2	%	1	%	1	%	—	%



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2017
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	4	%	14	%	17	%	15	%	12	%	9	%	6	%	4	%	2	%	3	%



Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2017
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	46	%	37	%	7	%	3	%	1	%	1	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%



Overseas General Insurance — Non-Casualty — Short-tail (continued)
Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2017
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	44	%	35	%	11	%	4	%	2	%	1	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%



North America Commercial P&C Insurance — Workers' Compensation — Long-tail (continued)
Supplementary Information: Average Annual Percentage Payout of Net Incurred Claims by Age, as of December 31, 2017
Age in Years	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Percentage	10	%	16	%	10	%	7	%	5	%	4	%	3	%	3	%	2	%	2	%

Supplementary PPD Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

The following table presents a reconciliation of the loss development triangles above to prior period development:



	Components of PPD
Year Ended December 31, 2017 (in millions of U.S. dollars)	2008 - 2016 accident years (implied PPD per loss triangles)			Accident years prior to 2008			Other ⁽¹⁾				PPD on loss reserves			RIPs, Expense adjustments, and earned premiums			Total
(favorable)/unfavorable
North America Commercial P&C Insurance
Long-tail	$	(367	)	$	(175	)	$	(76	)		$	(618	)	$	56		$	(562	)
Short-tail	(188		)	—			3				(185		)	1			(184		)
	(555		)	(175		)	(73		)	⁽²⁾	(803		)	57			(746		)
North America Personal P&C Insurance (Short-tail)	86			(10		)	(7		)		69			—			69
Overseas General Insurance
Long-tail	(55		)	(13		)	(3		)		(71		)	—			(71		)
Short-tail	(138		)	(3		)	(40		)		(181		)	—			(181		)
	(193		)	(16		)	(43		)	⁽³⁾	(252		)	—			(252		)
Global Reinsurance
Long-tail	(12		)	(60		)	1				(71		)	3			(68		)
Short-tail	16			—			—				16			(7		)	9
	4			(60		)	1				(55		)	(4		)	(59		)
Subtotal	$	(658	)	$	(261	)	$	(122	)		$	(1,041	)	$	53		$	(988	)
North America Agricultural Insurance (Short-tail)											$	(174	)	$	55		$	(119	)
Corporate (Long-tail)											278			—			278
Consolidated PPD											$	(937	)	$	108		$	(829	)

⁽¹⁾Other includes the impact of foreign exchange.

⁽²⁾Includes favorable development of $55 million related to our Alternative Risk Solutions business; the remaining difference relates to a number of other items, none of which are individually material.

⁽³⁾Includes favorable development of $35 million related to International A&H business, the remaining difference relates to a number of other items, none of which are individually material.

Prior Period Development, by Segment [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes (favorable) and adverse prior period development (PPD) by segment. Long-tail lines include lines such as workers' compensation, general liability, and professional liability; while short-tail lines include lines such as most property lines, energy, personal accident, and agriculture. In 2017, we determined that the loss development classification for certain businesses, previously grouped within the short-tail column in the table below, would be more appropriately grouped within the long-tail column to better align with the classification of these businesses within our loss development triangles. We also determined that the loss development for certain other businesses should be reclassified from long-tail to short-tail. We updated our 2016 and 2015 amounts below to conform to the current year presentation and reclassified $101 million and $46 million, respectively, of net favorable development into long-tail from short-tail. These changes to the previously disclosed amounts have no impact to our financial condition and results of operations.



Years Ended December 31 (in millions of U.S. dollars, except for percentages)	Long-tail			Short-tail			Total			% of beginning net unpaid reserves ⁽¹⁾
2017
North America Commercial P&C Insurance	$	(562	)	$	(184	)	$	(746	)	1.6	%
North America Personal P&C Insurance	—			69			69			0.1	%
North America Agricultural Insurance	—			(119		)	(119		)	0.2	%
Overseas General Insurance	(71		)	(181		)	(252		)	0.5	%
Global Reinsurance	(68		)	9			(59		)	0.1	%
Corporate	278			—			278			0.6	%
Total	$	(423	)	$	(406	)	$	(829	)	1.7	%
2016
North America Commercial P&C Insurance	$	(693	)	$	(85	)	$	(778	)	1.6	%
North America Personal P&C Insurance	—			27			27			0.1	%
North America Agricultural Insurance	—			(72		)	(72		)	0.2	%
Overseas General Insurance	(236		)	(187		)	(423		)	0.9	%
Global Reinsurance	(77		)	(1		)	(78		)	0.2	%
Corporate	189			—			189			0.4	%
Total	$	(817	)	$	(318	)	$	(1,135	)	2.4	%
2015
North America Commercial P&C Insurance	$	(162	)	$	(102	)	$	(264	)	1.0	%
North America Personal P&C Insurance	—			25			25			0.1	%
North America Agricultural Insurance	—			(45		)	(45		)	0.1	%
Overseas General Insurance	(192		)	(151		)	(343		)	1.3	%
Global Reinsurance	(109		)	(10		)	(119		)	0.4	%
Corporate	200			—			200			0.7	%
Total	$	(263	)	$	(283	)	$	(546	)	2.0	%

⁽¹⁾ Calculated based on the beginning of period consolidated net unpaid losses and loss expenses. For 2016, the percent of beginning net unpaid reserves is calculated inclusive of the net unpaid losses and loss expenses acquired in the Chubb Corp acquisition of $21.4 billion.

Schedule Of Asbestos Environmental Loss Roll Forward and by segment

The following table presents a roll-forward of consolidated A&E loss reserves including allocated loss expense reserves for A&E exposures, and the provision for uncollectible paid and unpaid reinsurance recoverables:



	Asbestos						Environmental						Total
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	Gross			Net			Gross			Net			Gross			Net
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	1,726		$	1,119		$	577		$	490		$	2,303		$	1,609
Incurred activity	228			104			199			113			427			217			⁽¹⁾
Paid activity	(333		)	(172		)	(169		)	(127		)	(502		)	(299		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	1,621		$	1,051		$	607		$	476		$	2,228		$	1,527

⁽¹⁾Excludes unallocated loss expenses and the net activity reflects third-party reinsurance other than the aggregate excess of loss reinsurance provided by National Indemnity Company (NICO) to Westchester Specialty (see Westchester Specialty section below).

The A&E net loss reserves including allocated loss expense reserves and provision for uncollectible reinsurance at December 31, 2017 and 2016 shown in the table above is comprised of:



	December 31
(in millions of U.S. dollars)	2017		2016
Brandywine operations	$	849	$	760
Westchester Specialty	113		112
Chubb Corp	486		657
Other, mainly Overseas General Insurance	79		80
Total	$	1,527	$	1,609