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Basis of Presentation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation    
 
These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial reporting and in accordance with Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements contained in this report reflect all normal recurring adjustments, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in AmSurg Corp.'s (Company) Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

Ambulatory Services

The Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, owns interests, primarily 51%, in limited liability companies (LLCs) and limited partnerships (LPs) which own and operate ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs, surgery centers or centers). All LLCs and LPs are referred to herein as “partnerships” and “partners,” respectively. The Company has variable interests in the partnerships through its equity ownership interests. Each partnership is considered a variable interest entity (VIE) due to its structure as a limited partnership or functional equivalent under Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standard Update (ASU) No. 2015-02 “Consolidations (Topic 810) - Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis,” which was adopted effective January 1, 2016. For those partnerships in which the Company’s ownership interest is 51% or greater, the Company is considered the primary beneficiary. The Company is the primary beneficiary due to i) ownership interest, partnership agreements allowing the Company to govern the day-to-day activities, and the Company’s position as the managing member or general partner and ii) the Company's obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive returns proportionate to its equity interest in the partnerships. For the 24 partnerships in which the Company’s ownership interest is less than 51%, the Company is not deemed the primary beneficiary and therefore those partnerships are not consolidated with the exception of two partnerships which are consolidated because the Company holds the power to direct the most significant economic activities and has the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive returns proportionate to its equity interest in the partnerships. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries and the consolidated partnerships. The responsibilities of the Company’s noncontrolling partners (LPs and noncontrolling members) are to supervise the delivery of medical services, with their rights being restricted to those that protect their financial interests, such as approval of the acquisition of significant assets or the incurrence of debt, which they are generally required to guarantee on a pro rata basis based upon their respective ownership interests. Intercompany profits, transactions and balances have been eliminated.
 
Ownership interests in consolidated subsidiaries held by parties other than the Company are identified and generally presented in the consolidated financial statements within the equity section but separate from the Company’s equity. However, for instances in which certain redemption features that are not solely within the control of the Company are present, classification of noncontrolling interests outside of permanent equity is required. Consolidated net earnings attributable to the Company and to the noncontrolling interests are identified and presented on the consolidated statements of earnings; changes in ownership interests are accounted for as equity transactions when there is no change in control; and when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, any retained noncontrolling equity investment in the former subsidiary and the gain or loss on the deconsolidation of the subsidiary are measured at fair value. Certain transactions with noncontrolling interests are also classified within financing activities in the statements of cash flows. 
 
Center profits and losses of consolidated entities are allocated to the Company’s partners in proportion to their ownership percentages and reflected in the aggregate as net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests. The partners of the Company’s partnerships typically are organized as general partnerships, LPs or LLCs that are not subject to federal income tax. Each partner shares in the pre-tax earnings of the center in which it is a partner. Accordingly, the earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests in each of the Company’s consolidated partnerships are generally determined on a pre-tax basis, and total net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests are presented after net earnings. However, the Company considers the impact of the net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests on earnings before income taxes in order to determine the amount of pre-tax earnings on which the Company must determine its income tax expense. In addition, distributions from the partnerships are made to both the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries and the partners on a pre-tax basis.

Physician Services

The Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Sheridan Healthcare, is a national provider of multi-specialty physician and administrative services to hospitals, ambulatory surgery centers and other healthcare facilities. The Company focuses on delivering comprehensive physician services, primarily in the areas of anesthesiology, radiology, children's services and emergency medicine to healthcare facilities. Through its contracts with healthcare facilities, the Company is authorized to bill and collect charges for fee for service medical services rendered by its healthcare professionals and employees in exchange for the provision of services to the patients of these facilities. Contract revenue is earned directly from hospital customers through a variety of payment arrangements that are established to supplement payments from third-party payors. The Company also provides physician services and manages office-based practices in the areas of pain management, gynecology, obstetrics and perinatology. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries along with the accounts of affiliated professional corporations (PCs) with which the Company has management arrangements. The Company's agreements with these PCs provide that the term of the arrangements is permanent, subject only to termination by the Company, except in the case of gross negligence, fraud or bankruptcy of the Company. The PC structure is primarily used in states which prohibit the corporate practice of medicine. The arrangements are captive in nature as a majority of the outstanding voting equity instruments of the PCs are owned by nominee shareholders appointed at the sole discretion of the Company. The nominee shareholder is a medical doctor who is generally a senior corporate employee of the Company. The Company has a contractual right to transfer the ownership of the PCs at any time to any person it designates as the nominee shareholder. The Company has the right to all assets and to receive income, both as ongoing fees and as proceeds from the sale of any interest in the PCs, in an amount that fluctuates based on the performance of the PCs and the change in the fair value of the interest in the PCs. The Company has exclusive responsibility for the provision of all non-medical services required for the day-to-day operation and management of the PCs and establishes the guidelines for the employment and compensation of the physicians and other employees of the PCs, which is consistent with the operation of the Company's wholly-owned subsidiaries. Based on the provisions of these agreements, the Company has determined that the PCs are variable interest entities and that the Company is the primary beneficiary as defined in ASC 810Consolidations.

Variable Interest Entities
The Company performs ongoing reassessments of i) whether entities previously evaluated under the majority voting-interest framework have become VIEs, based on certain triggering events, and therefore would be subject to the VIE consolidation framework, and ii) whether changes in the facts and circumstances regarding the Company’s involvement with a VIE cause the Company’s consolidation conclusion to change. The consolidation status of the VIEs with which the Company is involved may change as a result of such reassessments. Changes in consolidation status are applied prospectively with assets and liabilities of a newly consolidated VIE initially recorded at fair value. 

During the three months ended September 30, 2016, the Company re-evaluated one of its VIEs and determined that it is the primary beneficiary due to having the power to direct the majority of activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE. As a result, the Company consolidated the results of operations of the VIE in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, statements of earnings and statements of cash flows as of and for the three months ended September 30, 2016.

For its PCs and certain of its partnerships, the Company is considered the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and consolidates under the Variable Interest Model in ASC 810. The total assets of the VIEs, which are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, were $937.5 million and $740.1 million, respectively, and the total liabilities of the VIEs were $327.9 million and $299.0 million, respectively. Included in total assets as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, were $216.8 million and $176.8 million of assets which were restricted as to use and could only be used to settle the obligations of the VIE. The creditors of the VIE have no recourse to the Company, with the exception of $18.7 million and $21.7 million of debt guaranteed by the Company at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The restricted assets and obligations, which are either restricted for use in the VIE or the creditor did not have recourse to the Company, generally consisted of the portion of assets and liabilities attributable to the Company's non-controlling partners.

The Company also has certain equity interests in unconsolidated affiliates which meet the definition of a VIE. The Company has a variable interest in these investments through its equity interests; however, the Company is not the primary beneficiary of these entities as it holds 50% or less of the voting rights and does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities' economic performance as a result of the Company's shared or lack of control. As a result, the Company has accounted for these investments under the equity method of accounting. The Company's investment in these entities was $111.0 million and $169.2 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, and is reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as a component of investments in unconsolidated affiliates.

The Company has recorded its share of the earnings of these investments of $4.4 million and $4.9 million as a component of equity in earnings of the unconsolidated affiliates in the accompanying statements of earnings during the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $18.4 million and $11.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company recognized management and billing fees associated with these investments totaling $0.9 million and $4.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $12.6 million and $11.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which are included in net revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of earnings. The Company has also recorded receivables from these entities in the amount of $6.0 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. These receivables are included in the other current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities

As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had $30.3 million and $27.4 million, respectively, of restricted cash and marketable securities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets the majority of which is restricted for the purpose of satisfying the obligations of the Company's wholly-owned captive insurance company. The Company has reflected $17.5 million and $13.9 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, of its restricted cash and marketable securities as a component of other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Restricted cash and marketable securities reflected as a component of total current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets represent amounts available to satisfy the claims payments estimated to occur in the next 12 months. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had $0.2 million and $2.7 million, respectively, included in restricted cash and marketable securities, consisting of certificates of deposit with maturities less than 180 days, which approximates fair value.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to reflect the adoption of ASU No. 2015-03, “Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs” as discussed further under “Recent Accounting Pronouncements.” The impact of the reclassification made to prior period balance sheet is presented below (in thousands).
 
December 31, 2015
Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Previously reported
 
Reclassification
 
Revised
Intangible assets, net
$
1,641,811

 
$
(47,174
)
 
$
1,594,637

Long-term debt
2,405,130

 
(47,174
)
 
2,357,956



Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which will eliminate the transaction and industry-specific revenue recognition guidance under current GAAP and replace it with a principle-based approach using the following steps: identify the contract(s) with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), Deferral of the Effective Date” which granted a one-year deferral of this ASU. In 2016, the FASB issued the following ASUs to provide entities further clarity on the application of ASU 2014-09:

ASU 2016-08 “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net)”
ASU 2016-10 “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing”
ASU 2016-12 “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients”

The guidance in ASU 2014-09 and the subsequently related ASUs will now be effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods therein. Early adoption will be permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods therein. The Company has yet to assess the impact, if any, this ASU will have on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, “Consolidations (Topic 810) - Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis.” The new guidance made amendments to the consolidation guidance, including introducing a separate consolidation analysis specific to limited partnerships and other similar entities. Under this analysis, limited partnerships and other similar entities are considered a variable-interest entity unless the limited partners hold substantive kick-out rights or participating rights. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company adopted this standard effective January 1, 2016 and applied the adoption retrospectively. The adoption of the standard did not result in a change of consolidated subsidiaries nor did it result in any impact to the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2016 or for any previous period.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, “Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” ASU 2015-03 amended current presentation guidance by requiring that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-15 “Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-50), Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements - Amendments to Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Announcement at June 18, 2015 EITF Meeting (SEC Update)” which incorporated into the Accounting Standards Codification an SEC staff announcement that the SEC staff will not object to an entity presenting the cost of securing a revolving line of credit as an asset, regardless of whether a balance is outstanding. The standards were effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2016 and accordingly, reclassified $47.2 million of deferred debt issuance costs from intangible assets, net to a reduction in long-term debt at December 31, 2015, in the accompanying balance sheets (see reclassification above).

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases” which amends existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet and making changes to lessor accounting. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The new standard requires a modified retrospective application for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to use certain transition relief. The Company has not yet determined the impact this ASU will have on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” which will change how companies account for certain aspects of share-based payments to employees by requiring companies to recognize the income tax effects of awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company does not expect this ASU will have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force)" which clarifies how entities should classify certain cash receipts and cash payments on the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2017, and interim periods within those years. The Company has not yet determined the impact this ASU will have on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.