CORRESP 1 filename1.htm FORM CORRESP
February 2, 2009
Securities and Exchange Commission
Division of Corporation Finance
100F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
     
Attn:
  Mr. Kevin Woody
 
   
RE:
  General Growth Properties, Inc. (the “Company”)
 
  Form 8-K for Event Reported October 21, 2008
 
  Filed October 27, 2008
 
  File No. 001-11656
(By FAX and US Mail)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This letter relates to our response to the comment contained in your letter dated November 3, 2008 (the “Comment Letter”) to Exhibit 99.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K (attached for reference) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the ”Commission” or the “SEC”) on October 27, 2008. Based upon a subsequent oral communication between the Company and the SEC, we are hereby providing, as supplemental information to the SEC staff, our internal SAB 99-materiality-analysis that documents our conclusion that no restatement of prior periods is necessary. In accordance with Rule 83-b of the Commission’s Rules of Practice, we are requesting, pursuant to a separate written request, confidential treatment of a portion of this internal memorandum.
In addition, the Company specifically acknowledges that:
    We are responsible for the adequacy and accuracy of the disclosure in our SEC filings;
 
    We understand that staff comments or changes to disclosure in response to comments of the staff of the Commission do not foreclose the Commission from taking any action with respect to our filings with the SEC; and
 
    We understand that we may not assert staff comments of the Commission as a defense in any proceeding initiated by the Commission or any person under the federal securities laws of the United States.
We believe we have responded fully to the supplemental information requested by the SEC staff. Nonetheless, if you have any questions or comments in the interim, please do not hesitate to call the undersigned at (312) 960-5175, or Scott Nelson at (312) 960-5842.
Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Edmund Hoyt
Edmund Hoyt
Chief Financial Officer
General Growth Properties, Inc.

 


 

Confidential Treatment Requested by General Growth Properties, Inc. – Page 1
(GGP LOGO)
     
Date:
  January 8, 2009
 
   
To:
  Files
 
   
From:
  John Los
 
   
CC:
  Ed Hoyt, Scott Nelson, Pat Stanton
 
   
Re:
  Officer Loan Expense Analysis
Authoritative Literature: SAB 99 – Materiality
The purpose of this memorandum is to document our assessment of the materiality of compensation expense related to loans made to current and former officers of General Growth Properties, Inc. (“GGP” or the “Company”) by an affiliate of certain Bucksbaum family trusts (the “Trusts”). We assessed the impact of the compensation expense to our financial statements for all applicable prior periods (see table below). In particular, this assessment has been made in consideration of the discussion of materiality in Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 99 – Materiality (“SAB 99”) and, as the analysis addresses certain interim periods, Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 28 – Interim Financial Reporting (“APB 28”).
Background:
During 2007 and continuing into 2008, Bernie Freibaum, the now former director and chief financial officer of the Company, and Robert Michaels, the former president and current chief operating officer of the Company, received a series of loans from the affiliate of the Trusts that were without the approval of the Board of Directors and without the knowledge of the independent members of the Board of Directors. The entire Board of Directors became aware of the loans in October 2008 at which time the Company filed a Form 8-K (filed October 27, 2008) disclosing the facts and circumstances regarding the loans. In addition, such loans were made without the use of Company funds.
According to information supplied to the Company by a representative of the affiliate of the Trusts, these loans were extended to such officers for the purpose of repaying personal margin loans relating to their previous purchases of GGP stock. The loans initially bore interest at LIBOR and the rate was adjusted to LIBOR plus 1.5% on September 1, 2008. The loans to Bernie Freibaum totaled approximately $90 million, of which approximately $80 million remains outstanding. The loans to Robert Michaels totaled approximately $10 million, all of which has been repaid.
Under applicable GAAP guidance (primarily Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R) – Share Based Payment as interpreted by SEC SAB Topic 5.T), as a result of these loans, the Company is deemed to have received a contribution of capital by the lender and to

 


 

Confidential Treatment Requested by General Growth Properties, Inc. – Page 2
have incurred compensation expense (the deemed contribution of capital and compensation expense measured by the value of any beneficial terms of such loans at the time such loans were made) in an equal amount for no incremental equity interest in the Company. 
The impact of the total compensation expense of approximately $15 million (approximately $13 million net of minority interest) on key financial indicators for the applicable periods is as follows (dollars in thousands):
[Confidential Treatment Requested]
Discussion:
SAB 99 states that registrants must consider both quantitative and qualitative factors in determining materiality of a misstatement. As to quantitative factors, SAB 99 does not state that 5% is the correct materiality threshold to use but suggests that such a factor “might provide the basis for a preliminary assumption that — without considering all relevant circumstances – a deviation of less than the specified percentage with respect to a particular item on the registrant’s financial statements is unlikely to be material. The staff has no objection to such a rule of thumb as an initial step in assessing materiality. But quantifying, in percentage terms, the magnitude of a misstatement is only the beginning of an analysis of materiality; it cannot appropriately be used as a substitute for a full analysis of all relevant considerations. Materiality concerns the significance of an item to users of a registrant’s financial statements”.
Quantitative Factors – The amount of the compensation expense related to the prior periods is presented above. The compensation expense has a quantitatively immaterial impact on Funds from Operations (“FFO”) and operating income of GGP for all periods presented. Although we currently do not expect this adjustment to be quantitatively material to the fourth quarter of 2008, a related SAB 108 memo for the cumulative impact to the fourth quarter 2008 will be prepared when the full year 2008 results are available. While the percentage impact to net income is quantitatively significant for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, we believe in light of the qualitative factors discussed below, the impact is not material in the context of our consolidated financial statements for each respective period. Additionally, the Company recorded $55.5 million of provisions for impairment in the three months ended September 30, 2008. These impairments are infrequent in nature and had a significant negative impact on FFO, operating income and net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 thus making the compensation expense item in question relatively more significant. Further, the SEC suggests that misstatements be considered in light of “significance of an item to users of a registrant’s financial statements” and quotes the Supreme Court defining a material fact as one that “would have been viewed by the reasonable investor as having significantly altered the total mix of information available”. Because the Company and other REITs are evaluated by shareholders and the investment community on FFO, we believe this is the most relevant measure of the quantitative magnitude of the error. On this basis, there is a quantitatively immaterial impact on reported results.

 


 

Confidential Treatment Requested by General Growth Properties, Inc. – Page 3
Qualitative Factors – The SEC states that assessing materiality requires that one view the fact in the context of the surrounding circumstances. In fact, officials of the SEC have, as a matter of public record, indicated that large quantitative errors or misstatements may be deemed immaterial, due to qualitative factors. SAB 99 states, “Evaluation of materiality requires a registrant and its auditor to consider all the relevant circumstances and the staff believes that there are numerous circumstances in which misstatements below 5% could well be material.” Considerations cited include whether:
    the item arises from a precise measurement or an estimate
 
    the misstatement masks a change in earnings or other trends
 
    the misstatement hides a failure to meet analysts’ consensus expectations for the enterprise
 
    the misstatement changes a loss into income or vice versa
 
    the misstatement concerns a segment or other portion of business identified as playing a significant role in the registrant’s operations or profitability
 
    the misstatement affects compliance with regulatory requirements
 
    the misstatement affects compliance with loan covenants or other contractual agreements
 
    the misstatement has the effect of increasing management’s compensation
 
    the misstatement involves concealment of an unlawful transaction
As to the cited examples, the following documents our thoughts as to whether they support a conclusion that the difference is material or not.
                 
            Not   Not
Qualitative Factors   Company’s Response   Material   Material   Conclusive
The item arises from a precise measurement or an estimate
  The amount of deviation that is considered immaterial may increase as the attainable degree of precision decreases. As this item is a function of an estimate rather than a precise measurement, immateriality conclusions are more sustainable than otherwise.       ü    
 
               
The misstatement masks a change in earnings or other trends
  Operating performance is primarily evaluated based on FFO (see discussion above), and this item has an immaterial quantitative impact on FFO. This item does not change current period FFO increases in FFO to decreases or decreases to increases when compared against prior period FFO and does not change the rate of FFO growth or       ü    

 


 

Confidential Treatment Requested by General Growth Properties, Inc. – Page 4
                 
            Not   Not
Qualitative Factors   Company’s Response   Material   Material   Conclusive
 
  contraction significantly. Accordingly, there is an immaterial qualitative impact on the earnings trends.            
 
               
The misstatement hides a failure to meet analysts’ consensus expectation for the enterprise
  Since the analysts’ expectations are always measured in FFO and there is an immaterial impact on FFO, there is an immaterial impact on the analysts’ consensus.       ü    
 
               
The misstatement changes a loss into income or vice versa
  The compensation expense would not have changed reported income into a loss nor would it have changed the trend of GAAP income. Similarly, the compensation expense item would not have changed a reported positive FFO into negative FFO nor would it have changed the trend of FFO.       ü    
 
               
The misstatement concerns a segment or other portion of business identified as playing a significant role in the registrant’s operations or profitability
  The compensation expense impacts the entire retail and other segment but is not related to the operating business of the segment and does not impact trends or any of the factors mentioned above.       ü    
 
               
The misstatement affects compliance with regulatory requirements
  The compensation expense does not impact compliance with any regulatory requirements.       ü    
 
               
The misstatement affects compliance with loan covenants or other contractual agreements
  The compensation expense does not impact our loan covenants or other agreements.       ü    

 


 

Confidential Treatment Requested by General Growth Properties, Inc. – Page 5
                 
            Not   Not
Qualitative Factors   Company’s Response   Material   Material   Conclusive
The misstatement has the effect of increasing management’s compensation
  Although the beneficial terms of the loans were deemed to be compensation expense to the respective employees under the applicable accounting guidance, the adjustment has no impact on the determination of management compensation and therefore does not have the effect of increasing management’s compensation.       ü    
 
               
The misstatement involves concealment of an unlawful transaction
  The compensation expense does not conceal any type of unlawful transaction. In fact, the loans were disclosed in the Form 8-K and Form 10-Q.       ü    
These factors suggest that purely on a qualitative basis, the compensation expense would not be considered material. As previously discussed, we believe a mitigating factor that must be considered in our industry is the fact that net income is not the measure of operating performance used by shareholders and the investment community but rather FFO. As an example of this fact, one can refer to any of the earnings estimates published by analysts or collected by organizations such as First Call which are stated at FFO per share. Other recognized measures produced by analysts such as P/E ratios use FFO rather than GAAP earnings.
Another point that cannot be ignored is the fact that over the last two years, GGP has occasionally had net income that was at or near a break-even level. Any entity that operates at this level cannot assess a potential misstatement purely on the basis of the percentage change in net income. We believe that the assessment of performance of an entity operating at this level is based more on annual trends, as supported by paragraph 29 of APB 28, and not absolute dollars. The absolute dollar result is a quantitative measurement while trend information is qualitative and of much more significance when this condition exists.
As stated in SAB 99, the above considerations are not an exhaustive list of the circumstances that may affect the materiality of a quantitatively small misstatement.  Other circumstances suggested by SAB 99 include demonstrated volatility of the market price in response to certain types of disclosures or whether management expects that a known misstatement may result in a significant positive or negative market reaction.  Since this difference has an immaterial impact on FFO, which is the key performance statistic used by the market, we believe there would be no impact on the market price of GGP stock if the compensation expense had been recorded in prior periods.
Another example of a qualitative factor suggested by SAB 99 would be if the misstatement was intentional and meant to manage earnings or other factors. If so, a quantitative immaterial error would be considered material. Although the loans were intentional on the part of the affiliate of the Trusts, they were entered into without the knowledge of the independent members of the

 


 

Confidential Treatment Requested by General Growth Properties, Inc. – Page 6
Board of Directors and without required Board of Director approval. The potential compensation expense was an unknown, unexpected and undesired consequence of the loans and was not intended to manage earnings.
Management has considered and discussed all factors it believes should be taken into account in evaluating the impact of this misstatement and has concluded that the qualitative factors do not support classifying it as material. As a result, management believes that although the amount of compensation expense is significant to GAAP income for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, it is not material, as defined by SAB 99, and thus does not require the restatement of previously issued financial statements.
We believe that the financial statements fairly depict the overall performance of the Company, and restatement of those financial statements would not improve the overall quality of information available to the public or others.
Conclusion:
Based on our assessment we have concluded that the impact of the compensation expense is immaterial to our financial statements for all applicable prior periods. We will record, and disclose in the footnotes, the cumulative correction of the compensation expense in the fourth quarter of 2008 (a related SAB 108 memo for the cumulative impact to the fourth quarter 2008 will be prepared when the full year 2008 results are available).