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Debt
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt
Debt
Our long-term debt consisted of the following as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
Principal
Amount
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Principal
Amount
 
Carrying
Amount
 
($ in millions)
Floating rate senior notes due 2019

 

 
380

 
380

6.625% senior notes due 2020
208

 
208

 
437

 
437

6.875% senior notes due 2020
93

 
93

 
227

 
227

6.125% senior notes due 2021
167

 
167

 
548

 
548

5.375% senior notes due 2021
127

 
127

 
267

 
267

4.875% senior notes due 2022
338

 
338

 
451

 
451

5.75% senior notes due 2023
209

 
209

 
338

 
338

7.00% senior notes due 2024
850

 
850

 
850

 
850

6.875% senior notes due 2025(a)
618

 
621

 

 

8.00% senior notes due 2025
1,245

 
1,237

 
1,300

 
1,291

5.5% convertible senior notes due 2026(b)
1,064

 
758

 
1,250

 
866

7.5% senior notes due 2026
400

 
400

 
400

 
400

8.00% senior notes due 2026
919

 
885

 

 

8.00% senior notes due 2027
1,090

 
1,089

 
1,300

 
1,299

2.25% contingent convertible senior notes due 2038

 

 
1

 
1

Chesapeake revolving credit facility
1,504

 
1,504

 
419

 
419

BVL revolving credit facility(a)
900

 
900

 

 

Debt issuance costs

 
(46
)
 

 
(53
)
Interest rate derivatives

 
1

 

 
1

Total debt, net
9,732

 
9,341

 
8,168

 
7,722

Less current maturities of long-term debt, net(c)
(208
)
 
(208
)
 
(381
)
 
(381
)
Total long-term debt, net
$
9,524

 
$
9,133

 
$
7,787

 
$
7,341

___________________________________________
(a)
On February 1, 2019, we acquired the debt of WildHorse which consisted of 6.875% Senior Notes due 2025 and a revolving credit facility. We now refer to this debt as our BVL Senior Notes and our BVL revolving credit facility, respectively. See further discussion below.
(b)
We are required to account for the liability and equity components of our convertible debt instrument separately and to reflect interest expense through the first demand repurchase date, as applicable, at the interest rate of similar nonconvertible debt at the time of issuance. The applicable rate for our 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 is 11.5%. Prior to maturity under certain circumstances and at the holder’s option, the notes are convertible. During the Current Quarter, the price of our common stock was below the threshold level for conversion and, as a result, the holders do not have the option to convert their notes in the fourth quarter of 2019.
(c)
As of September 30, 2019, net current maturities of long-term debt includes our 6.625% Senior Notes due August 2020.
Chesapeake Revolving Credit Facility
Our Chesapeake revolving credit facility matures in September 2023 and the current aggregate commitment of the lenders and borrowing base under the facility is $3.0 billion. The revolving credit facility provides for an accordion feature, pursuant to which the aggregate commitments thereunder may be increased to up to $4.0 billion from time to time, subject to agreement of the participating lenders and certain other customary conditions. Scheduled borrowing
base redeterminations will continue to occur semiannually. Our borrowing base was reaffirmed on November 1, 2019, and our next borrowing base redetermination is scheduled for the second quarter of 2020. As of September 30, 2019, we had outstanding borrowings of $1.504 billion under the Chesapeake revolving credit facility and had used $53 million of the Chesapeake revolving credit facility for various letters of credit.
On February 1, 2019, we entered into a first amendment to our Chesapeake credit agreement. Among other things, the amendment (i) designated our subsidiary, Brazos Valley Longhorn, and its subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries under the Chesapeake revolving credit facility and (ii) expressly permitted our initial investment in WildHorse under the limitations on investments covenant. As a result of BVL and its subsidiaries being designated as unrestricted subsidiaries under the Chesapeake revolving credit facility, transactions between BVL and its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and Chesapeake and its subsidiaries (other than BVL and its subsidiaries), on the other hand, are required to be on an arm’s-length basis, subject to certain exceptions, and Chesapeake is limited in the amount of investments it can make in BVL and its subsidiaries.
Borrowings under the Chesapeake revolving credit facility bear interest at an alternative base rate (ABR) or LIBOR, at our election, plus an applicable margin ranging from 0.50%-2.00% per annum for ABR loans and 1.50%-3.00% per annum for LIBOR loans, depending on the percentage of the borrowing base then being utilized and whether our leverage ratio exceeds 4.00 to 1.00.
In July 2017, the UK's Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR as a benchmark by the end of 2021. At the present time, the Chesapeake revolving credit facility has a term that extends beyond 2021. The Chesapeake revolving credit facility provides for a mechanism to amend the facility to reflect the establishment of an alternate rate of interest upon the occurrence of certain events related to the phase-out of LIBOR. However, we have not yet pursued any technical amendment or other contractual alternative to address this matter. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the eventual replacement of the LIBOR interest rate.
The Chesapeake revolving credit facility is subject to various financial and other covenants. The terms of the Chesapeake credit agreement include covenants limiting, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness, make investments or loans, incur liens, consummate mergers and similar fundamental changes, make restricted payments, make investments in unrestricted subsidiaries and enter into transactions with affiliates. The Chesapeake credit agreement contains financial covenants that require us to maintain (i) a leverage ratio, which is the ratio of consolidated indebtedness to consolidated EBITDAX, each as defined in the Chesapeake credit agreement to exclude amounts associated with unrestricted subsidiaries, of not more than 5.50 to 1 through the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2019, which threshold decreases by 25 basis points each quarter until it reaches 4.00 to 1.00 for the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2021 and every quarter thereafter, (ii) a secured leverage ratio of not more than 2.50 to 1.00 until the later of (x) the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2021 or (y) the first fiscal quarter in which the Company’s leverage ratio does not exceed 4.00 to 1.00 and (iii) a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 2.00 to 1.00 through the fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2019; not less than 2.25 to 1.00 through the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2020; and not less than 2.50 to 1.00 for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2020 and every quarter thereafter.
As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with all applicable financial covenants under the credit agreement and we were able to borrow up to the full availability under the Chesapeake revolving credit facility and had $1.443 billion of borrowing capacity thereunder.
Fluctuations in oil and natural gas prices have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and quantities of oil, natural gas and NGL reserves that may be economically produced. Historically, oil and natural gas prices have been volatile, and may be subject to wide fluctuations in the future. If continued depressed prices persist, combined with the scheduled reductions in the leverage ratio covenant, our ability to comply with the leverage ratio covenant during the next 12 months will be adversely affected which raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Failure to comply with this covenant, if not waived, would result in an event of default under our Chesapeake revolving credit facility, the potential acceleration of outstanding debt thereunder and the potential foreclosure on the collateral securing such debt, and could cause a cross-default under our other outstanding indebtedness. We are actively pursuing with support from the Board of Directors a variety of transactions and cost-cutting measures, including but not limited to, reduction in corporate discretionary expenditures, refinancing transactions by us or our subsidiaries, capital exchange transactions, asset divestitures, reductions in capital expenditures by approximately 30% in 2020 and operational efficiencies. We believe it is probable that these measures, as we continue to implement them, will enable us to comply with our leverage ratio covenant.
BVL Revolving Credit Facility
In connection with the acquisition of WildHorse, our subsidiary, BVL, became the borrower under the WildHorse revolving credit facility (as amended, the “BVL revolving credit facility”). The BVL revolving credit facility has a maximum credit amount of $2.0 billion, with current aggregate commitments and a borrowing base of $1.3 billion. The BVL revolving credit facility matures in December 2021. Scheduled borrowing base redeterminations occur on at least a semi-annual basis, primarily on the basis of estimated proved reserves. The scheduled borrowing base redetermination for the fourth quarter of 2019 is ongoing, and there can be no assurance that the borrowing base will remain at $1.3 billion. As of September 30, 2019, BVL had outstanding borrowings of $900 million under its credit agreement. The BVL revolving credit facility is guaranteed by certain of BVL’s subsidiaries (the “BVL Guarantors”) and is required to be secured, and is secured, by substantially all of the assets of BVL and the BVL Guarantors, including mortgages on not less than 85% of the proved reserves of their oil and gas properties.
On February 1, 2019, BVL, as successor by merger to WildHorse, entered into a sixth amendment to the BVL credit agreement. Among other things, the amendment (i) amended the merger covenant and the definition of change of control to permit our acquisition of WildHorse and (ii) permits borrowings under the BVL revolving credit facility to be used to redeem or repurchase the BVL Senior Notes so long as certain conditions are met.
The obligations under the BVL revolving credit facility are the senior secured obligations of BVL and the BVL Guarantors. The obligations under the BVL revolving credit facility are not obligations of Chesapeake or any of its other subsidiaries. The obligations under the BVL revolving credit facility rank equally in right of payment with all other senior secured indebtedness of BVL and the other BVL Guarantors, and are effectively senior to the BVL and the BVL Guarantors’ senior unsecured indebtedness, including their obligations under the BVL Senior Notes, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing the BVL revolving credit facility.
The BVL revolving credit facility is used for the liquidity and expenses of BVL and its subsidiaries and not Chesapeake and its other subsidiaries. Revolving loans under the BVL revolving credit facility bear interest at an ABR, Eurodollar rate or LIBOR at BVL’s election, plus an applicable margin (ranging from 0.50%-1.50% per annum for ABR loans, 1.50%-2.50% per annum for Eurodollar loans and 1.50%-2.50% per annum for LIBOR Market Index loans), depending on Brazos Valley Longhorn’s total commitment usage. The unused portion of the total commitments are subject to a commitment fee that varies from 0.375% to 0.500%, depending on BVL’s total commitment usage.
In July 2017, the UK's Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR as a benchmark by the end of 2021. At the present time, the BVL revolving credit facility has a stated maturity date in December 2021. Under the terms of the BVL revolving credit facility, the occurrence of certain events related to the phase-out of LIBOR would make Eurodollar borrowings unavailable and require BVL to borrow at the ABR rate or at an alternate rate of interest determined by the lenders under the BVL revolving credit facility as their cost of funds. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the eventual phasing-out of LIBOR, including the amendment of the BVL revolving credit facility to implement a market-standard approach to the transition from LIBOR.
The terms of the BVL credit agreement include covenants limiting, among other things, the ability of BVL and its restricted subsidiaries (as defined in the BVL credit agreement) to incur additional indebtedness, make investments or loans, incur liens, consummate mergers or similar fundamental changes, make restricted payments, including distributions to Chesapeake, and enter into transactions with affiliates, including Chesapeake and its other subsidiaries. The BVL credit agreement also contains financial covenants that require BVL to maintain (i)(x) if there are no loans outstanding thereunder, a ratio of net debt to EBITDAX (as defined in the BVL credit agreement) of not more than 4.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of each fiscal quarter or (y) if there are such loans outstanding, a ratio of total funded debt to EBITDAX of not more than 4.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of each fiscal quarter and (ii) a ratio of current assets (including availability under the BVL revolving credit facility) to current liabilities of not less than 1.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of each fiscal quarter. As of September 30, 2019, we were in compliance with all applicable financial covenants under the BVL credit agreement and we were able to borrow up to the full availability under the BVL revolving credit facility.
Chesapeake Senior Notes
In the Current Quarter, we privately negotiated exchanges of approximately $507 million principal amount of our outstanding senior notes for 235,563,519 shares of common stock and $186 million principal amount of our outstanding convertible senior notes for 73,389,094 shares of common stock. We recorded an aggregate net gain of approximately $64 million associated with the exchanges.
In the Current Period, we issued at par approximately $919 million of 8.00% Senior Notes due 2026 (“2026 notes”) pursuant to a private exchange offer for the following outstanding senior unsecured notes:
 
 
Notes Exchanged
 
 
($ in millions)
6.625% senior notes due 2020
 
$
229

6.875% senior notes due 2020
 
134

6.125% senior notes due 2021
 
381

5.375% senior notes due 2021
 
140

Total
 
$
884


We may redeem some or all of the 2026 notes at any time prior to March 15, 2022 at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed plus a “make-whole” premium. At any time prior to March 15, 2022, we also may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of each series of notes with an amount of cash not greater than the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings at a specified redemption price. In addition, we may redeem some or all of the 2026 notes at any time on or after March 15, 2022 at the redemption prices in accordance with the terms of the notes, the indenture and supplemental indenture governing the notes. These senior notes are unsecured obligations of Chesapeake and rank equally in right of payment with all of our other existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and rank senior in right of payment to all of our future subordinated indebtedness. Our obligations under the senior notes are jointly and severally, fully and unconditionally guaranteed by all of our wholly owned subsidiaries that guarantee the Chesapeake revolving credit facility and certain other unsecured senior notes. We accounted for the exchange as a modification to existing debt and no gain or loss was recognized.
In the Current Period, we repaid upon maturity $380 million principal amount of our Floating Rate Senior Notes due April 2019 with borrowings from our Chesapeake revolving credit facility.
BVL Senior Notes
As a result of the completion of the acquisition of WildHorse, BVL assumed the obligations under WildHorse’s $700 million aggregate principal amount of 6.875% Senior Notes due 2025 (the “BVL Senior Notes”) and Brazos Valley Longhorn Finance Corp. (“BVL Finance Corp.”), a wholly owned subsidiary of BVL, became a co-issuer of the BVL Senior Notes.
On February 1, 2019, BVL, as successor by merger to WildHorse, and BVL Finance Corp. entered into a fourth supplemental indenture (the “BVL supplemental indenture”) to the indenture governing the BVL Senior Notes (as supplemented, the “BVL indenture”). Pursuant to the BVL supplemental indenture, (i) BVL assumed the rights and obligations of WildHorse as issuer under the BVL indenture and (ii) BVL Finance Corp. was named as a co-issuer of the BVL Senior Notes under the BVL indenture.
The BVL Senior Notes are the senior unsecured obligations of BVL, BVL Finance Corp. and the other BVL Guarantors. The BVL Senior Notes are not obligations of Chesapeake or any of its other subsidiaries. The BVL Senior Notes rank equally in right of payment with all other senior unsecured indebtedness of BVL, BVL Finance Corp. and the other BVL Guarantors, and will be effectively subordinated to BVL’s, BVL Finance Corp.’s and the other BVL Guarantors’ senior secured indebtedness, including their obligations under the BVL revolving credit facility, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness.
The BVL indenture contains customary reporting covenants (including furnishing quarterly and annual reports to the holders of the BVL Senior Notes) and restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of BVL and its subsidiaries to: (i) pay dividends on, purchase or redeem BVL’s equity interests or purchase or redeem subordinated debt, unless such distributions, purchases or redemptions are permitted by certain exceptions, including for amounts based on BVL’s operating results, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, and a $25 million basket; (ii) make certain investments; (iii) incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue certain types of equity securities; (iv) create or incur certain secured debt; (v) sell assets; (vi) consolidate, merge or transfer all or substantially all of BVL’s assets; (vii) enter into agreements that restrict distributions or other payments from BVL’s restricted subsidiaries to BVL; (viii) engage in transactions with affiliates, including Chesapeake and its other subsidiaries; and (ix) create unrestricted subsidiaries. These covenants are subject to a number of important qualifications and limitations. In
addition, most of the covenants will be terminated before the BVL Senior Notes mature if at any time no default or event of default exists under the BVL indenture and the BVL Senior Notes receive an investment grade rating from both of two specified ratings agencies. The BVL indenture also contains customary events of default.
The BVL credit agreement and the BVL indenture constrain the ability of BVL and its subsidiaries to make distributions or otherwise provide funds to, or guarantee the obligations of, Chesapeake and its other subsidiaries. The provisions of the BVL credit agreement and the BVL indenture require that all transactions between BVL and its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and Chesapeake and its other subsidiaries, on the other hand, be on an arm's-length basis, subject to certain exceptions.
In the Current Quarter, we repurchased approximately $82 million principal amount of the BVL Senior Notes for $76 million and recorded a $6 million gain.
Fair Value of Debt
We estimate the fair value of our senior notes based on the market value of our publicly traded debt as determined based on the yield of our senior notes (Level 1). The fair value of all other debt is based on a market approach using estimates provided by an independent investment financial data services firm (Level 2). Fair value is compared to the carrying value, excluding the impact of interest rate derivatives, in the table below:
 
 
September 30, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
 
 
($ in millions)
 
 
Short-term debt (Level 1)
 
$
208

 
$
208

 
$
381

 
$
379

Long-term debt (Level 1)
 
$
2,790

 
$
2,245

 
$
3,495

 
$
3,173

Long-term debt (Level 2)
 
$
6,343

 
$
4,980

 
$
3,846

 
$
3,644