SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
3 Months Ended |
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Mar. 31, 2022 | |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract] | |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
NOTE 1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
BASIS OF PRESENTATION: The
accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ohio Valley Banc Corp. (“Ohio Valley”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, The Ohio Valley Bank Company (the “Bank”), Loan Central, Inc., a consumer finance company (“Loan Central”),
Ohio Valley Financial Services Agency, LLC, an insurance agency, and OVBC Captive, Inc., a limited purpose property and casualty insurance company (the “Captive”). The Bank has two wholly-owned subsidiaries, Race Day Mortgage, Inc., an Ohio corporation that provides online consumer mortgages (“Race Day”), and Ohio Valley REO, LLC, an Ohio limited liability company
(“Ohio Valley REO”), to which the Bank transfers certain real estate acquired by the Bank through foreclosure for sale by Ohio Valley REO. Ohio Valley and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the “Company.” All material intercompany
accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
These interim financial statements are prepared by the Company without audit and reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature which, in the opinion
of management, are necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position of the Company at March 31, 2022, and its results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31,
2022 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be anticipated for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not purport to contain all the necessary financial disclosures
required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”) that might otherwise be necessary in the circumstances. The Annual Report of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2021 contains consolidated financial statements and related
notes which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
The consolidated financial statements for 2021 have been reclassified to conform to the presentation for 2022. These reclassifications had no effect on net
income or shareholders’ equity.
CURRENT EVENTS: In March 2020, the World Health
Organization declared the outbreak of the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic. COVID-19 has continued to negatively impact the global economy, disrupt global supply chains, create significant volatility, disrupt financial markets, and
increase unemployment levels.
The COVID-19 pandemic has severely restricted the level of economic activity in the U.S. and around the world since March 2020. At the outset of the
pandemic, several states and cities across the country, including the Company’s market areas, implemented quarantines, restrictions on travel, shelter at home orders, and restrictions on types of business that may continue to operate. While most of
these measures and restrictions have been lifted, and many businesses reopened, the Company cannot predict when circumstances may change that would cause some or all of these restrictions to be imposed due to public health concerns. This reinstatement
of restrictions related to COVID-19 could adversely impact several industries within our geographic footprint and impair the ability of our customers to fulfill their contractual obligations to the Company.
USE OF ESTIMATES
IN THE PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: The accounting and reporting policies followed by the Company conform to US GAAP established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ.
INDUSTRY SEGMENT INFORMATION:
Internal financial information is primarily reported and aggregated in two lines of business: banking and consumer finance.
LOANS: Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold
for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of unearned interest, deferred loan fees and costs, and an allowance for loan losses. Interest income is reported on an accrual basis using
the interest method and includes amortization of net deferred loan fees and costs over the loan term using the level yield method without anticipating prepayments. The amount of the Company’s recorded investment is not materially different than the
amount of unpaid principal balance for loans.
Interest income is discontinued and the loan moved to non-accrual status when full loan repayment is in doubt, typically when the loan is
impaired or payments are past due 90 days or over unless the loan is well-secured or in process of collection. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier
date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or over and still accruing include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually
classified impaired loans.
All interest accrued but not received for loans placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is
accounted for on the cash-basis method until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
The Bank also originates long-term, fixed-rate mortgage loans, with full intention of being sold to the secondary market. These loans are
considered held for sale during the period of time after the principal has been advanced to the borrower by the Bank, but before the Bank has been reimbursed by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, typically within a few business days. Loans
sold to the secondary market are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value. Total loans on the balance sheet included $1,476 in loans
held for sale by the Bank as of March 31, 2022, as compared to $1,682 in loans held for sale at December 31, 2021.
ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES: The
allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are
credited to the allowance. Management estimates the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic
conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged-off.
The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as
impaired. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans for which the terms have been
modified and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties are considered troubled debt restructurings and classified as impaired.
Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting
scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on
a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length and reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of shortfall in relation to the
principal and interest owed.
Commercial and commercial real estate loans are individually evaluated for impairment. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is
allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Smaller balance homogeneous loans,
such as consumer and most residential real estate, are collectively evaluated for impairment, and accordingly, they are not separately identified for impairment disclosure. Troubled debt restructurings are measured at the present value of estimated
future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception. If a troubled debt restructuring is considered to be a collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported, net, at the fair value of the collateral. For troubled debt restructurings that
subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of reserve in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses.
The general component covers non-impaired loans and impaired loans that are not individually reviewed for impairment and is based on
historical loss experience adjusted for current factors. The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company over the most recent 3 years for the consumer and real estate portfolio segment and 5
years for the commercial portfolio segment. The total loan portfolio’s actual loss experience is supplemented with other economic factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These economic factors include consideration of the
following: levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending
policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations. The following
portfolio segments have been identified: Commercial and Industrial, Commercial Real Estate, Residential Real Estate, and Consumer.
Commercial and industrial loans consist of borrowings for commercial purposes to individuals, corporations, partnerships, sole
proprietorships, and other business enterprises. Commercial and industrial loans are generally secured by business assets such as equipment, accounts receivable, inventory, or any other asset excluding real estate and generally made to finance capital
expenditures or operations. The Company’s risk exposure is related to deterioration in the value of collateral securing the loan should foreclosure become necessary. Generally, business assets used or produced in operations do not maintain their
value upon foreclosure, which may require the Company to write down the value significantly to sell.
Commercial real estate consists of nonfarm, nonresidential loans secured by owner-occupied and nonowner-occupied
commercial real estate as well as commercial construction loans. An owner-occupied loan relates to a borrower purchased building or space for which the repayment of principal is dependent upon cash flows from the ongoing business operations conducted
by the party, or an affiliate of the party, who owns the property. Owner-occupied loans that are dependent on cash flows from operations can be adversely affected by current market conditions for their product or service. A nonowner- occupied
loan is a property loan for which the repayment of principal is dependent upon rental income associated with the property or the subsequent sale of the property. Nonowner-occupied loans that are dependent upon rental income are primarily impacted by
local economic conditions which dictate occupancy rates and the amount of rent charged. Commercial construction loans consist of borrowings to purchase and develop raw land into 1-4 family residential properties. Construction loans are extended to
individuals as well as corporations for the construction of an individual or multiple properties and are secured by raw land and the subsequent improvements. Repayment of the loans to real estate developers is dependent upon the sale of properties to
third parties in a timely fashion upon completion. Should there be delays in construction or a downturn in the market for those properties, there may be significant erosion in value which may be absorbed by the Company.
Residential real estate loans consist of loans to individuals for the purchase of 1-4 family primary residences with repayment primarily
through wage or other income sources of the individual borrower. The Company’s loss exposure to these loans is dependent on local market conditions for residential properties as loan amounts are determined, in part, by the fair value of the property
at origination.
Consumer loans are comprised of loans to individuals secured by automobiles, open-end home equity loans and other loans to individuals for
household, family, and other personal expenditures, both secured and unsecured. These loans typically have maturities of 6 years or less with
repayment dependent on individual wages and income. The risk of loss on consumer loans is elevated as the collateral securing these loans, if any, rapidly depreciate in value or may be worthless and/or difficult to locate if repossession is
necessary. The Company has allocated the highest percentage of its allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans to the other identified loan portfolio segments due to the larger dollar balances associated with such portfolios.
At March 31, 2022, there were no changes to the accounting policies or methodologies within any of the Company’s loan portfolio segments from
the prior period.
EARNINGS PER SHARE: Earnings per share
are computed based on net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average common shares outstanding were 4,761,072 and 4,787,446 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Ohio Valley had
no dilutive effect and no potential common shares issuable under stock options or other agreements for any period presented.
ACCOUNTING
GUIDANCE TO BE ADOPTED IN FUTURE PERIODS: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses”. ASU 2016-13 requires entities to replace the current “incurred loss” model with an “expected loss” model,
which is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. These expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date are to be based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable
forecasts. This ASU will also require enhanced disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting
standards of an entity’s portfolio. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements that provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. The Bank’s CECL steering committee has developed a CECL
model and is evaluating the source data, various credit loss methodologies and model results in relation to the new ASU guidance. Management expects to recognize a one-time cumulative effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses as of the
beginning of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective. Management expects the adoption will result in a material increase to the allowance for loan losses balance. For SEC filers who are smaller reporting companies, such as
the Company, ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022.
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326). The standard addresses the following: 1)
eliminates the accounting guidance for a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”), will require an entity to determine whether a modification results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan, 2) expands disclosures related to modifications, and
3) will require disclosure of current period gross write-offs of financing receivables within the vintage disclosures table. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods
within those fiscal years and are applied prospectively, except with respect to the recognition and measurement of TDRs, where an entity has the option to apply a modified retrospective transition method. Early adoption of the amendments in this update
is permitted if ASU 2016-13 has been previously adopted. An entity may elect to early adopt the amendments regarding TDRs and related disclosure enhancements separately from the amendments related to vintage disclosures. The Company is assessing the
impact that the adoption of ASU 2022-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements
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