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INCOME TAXES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
INCOME TAXES  
INCOME TAXES

NOTE D – INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate was 25.5% and 20.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. State tax rates vary among states and average approximately 6.0% to 6.5%, although some state rates are higher and a small number of states do not impose an income tax.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate primarily resulted from state income taxes, nondeductible expenses, changes in the cash surrender value of life insurance, federal research and development tax credits, changes in tax valuation allowances, and tax benefit from the vesting of stock awards. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the federal statutory rate primarily resulted from state income taxes, nondeductible expenses, changes in the cash surrender value of life insurance, federal alternative fuel and research development tax credits, changes in valuation allowances, and the reversal of an uncertain tax position.

As of March 31, 2021, the Company’s deferred tax liabilities, which will reverse in future years, exceeded the deferred tax assets. The Company evaluated the total deferred tax assets at March 31, 2021 and concluded that, other than for certain deferred tax assets related to foreign and state tax credit carryforwards and federal and state net operating losses, the assets did not exceed the amount for which realization is more likely than not. In making this determination, the Company considered the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. Valuation allowances for deferred tax assets totaled $1.4 million and $1.3 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The Company had a reserve for uncertain tax positions of $0.9 million at December 31, 2020. The reserve was reversed in the first quarter of 2020 due to the expiration of the statute of limitations. At March 31, 2021, the Company has no reserve for uncertain tax positions.

The Company paid federal and state income taxes of $6.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021, and paid foreign and state income taxes of $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. The Company received refunds of less than $0.1 million of federal and state income taxes and refunds of $0.4 million of federal income taxes that were paid in prior years during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.