Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment were as follows:



(In thousands)	Piping Systems			Industrial Metals			Climate		Total

Goodwill	$	160,128		$	8,854		$	4,416	$	173,398
Accumulated impairment charges	(40,552		)	(8,853		)	—		(49,405		)

Balance at December 31, 2016:	119,576			1			4,416		123,993

Additions ⁽¹⁾	3,852			—			—		3,852
Currency translation	2,448			—			—		2,448

Balance at December 30, 2017:	125,876			1			4,416		130,293

Additions ⁽²⁾	5,049			—			17,770		22,819
Currency translation	(2,777		)	—			—		(2,777		)

Balance at December 29, 2018:
Goodwill	168,700			8,854			22,186		199,740
Accumulated impairment charges	(40,552		)	(8,853		)	—		(49,405		)

Goodwill, net	$	128,148		$	1		$	22,186	$	150,335

⁽¹⁾ Includes finalization of the purchase price allocation adjustment for Jungwoo-Mueller of $0.2 million.

⁽²⁾ Includes finalization of the purchase price allocation adjustment for Heatlink Group of $2.8 million.

Reporting units with recorded goodwill include Domestic Piping Systems Group, B&K LLC, Great Lakes, Heatlink Group, Die-Mold, European Operations, Jungwoo-Mueller, Westermeyer, Turbotec, and ATCO. Several factors give rise to goodwill in the Company’s acquisitions, such as the expected benefit from synergies of the combination and the existing workforce of the acquired businesses. There were no impairment charges resulting from the 2018, 2017, or 2016 annual impairment tests as the estimated fair value of each of the reporting units exceeded its carrying value.

Other Intangible Assets

The carrying amount of intangible assets at December 29, 2018 was as follows:



(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount

Customer relationships	$	43,104	$	(6,309	)	$	36,795
Non-compete agreements	2,400		(1,582		)	818
Patents and technology	17,879		(2,595		)	15,284
Trade names and licenses	9,173		(2,188		)	6,985
Other	2,526		(437		)	2,089

Other intangible assets	$	75,082	$	(13,111	)	$	61,971

The carrying amount of intangible assets at December 30, 2017 was as follows:



(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount

Customer relationships	$	36,518	$	(4,644	)	$	31,874
Non-compete agreements	2,834		(1,497		)	1,337
Patents and technology	7,673		(1,868		)	5,805
Trade names and licenses	4,977		(1,575		)	3,402
Other	213		(623		)	(410		)

Other intangible assets	$	52,215	$	(10,207	)	$	42,008

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $4.4 million in 2018, $3.1 million in 2017, and $4.3 million in 2016. Future amortization expense is estimated as follows:



(In thousands)	Amount

2019	$	5,242
2020	5,047
2021	4,773
2022	4,693
2023	4,297
Thereafter	37,919

Expected amortization expense	$	61,971