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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2018 was 27 percent compared with 31 percent for the same period last year.  The items impacting the effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2018 were primarily attributable to the provision for state income taxes, net of the federal benefit, of $1.4 million and miscellaneous items totaling $1.3 million.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2017 was 31 percent.  The items impacting the effective tax rate for the second quarter of 2017 were primarily attributable to reductions for the U.S. production activities deduction of $0.9 million and the effect of foreign tax rates lower than statutory tax rates of $1.6 million. These items were partially offset by the provision for state income taxes, net of the federal benefit, of $0.8 million and miscellaneous items totaling $0.2 million.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the first half of 2018 was 22 percent compared with 29 percent for the same period last year. The difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the current U.S. statutory rate of 21 percent is primarily related to the reduction for the impact of investments in unconsolidated affiliates of $3.7 million. This was offset by the provision for state income taxes, net of the federal benefit, of $2.6 million, the inclusion for global intangible low-taxed income of $1.0 million, and miscellaneous items totaling $1.2 million.

The Company records the U.S. tax effects of its investment in Tecumseh, an unconsolidated affiliate, in income tax expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the first half of 2017 was 29 percent as compared with the U.S. statutory rate of 35 percent. The items impacting the effective tax rate for the first half of 2017 were primarily attributable to reductions for the U.S. production activities deduction of $1.8 million, the effect of foreign tax rates lower than statutory tax rates of $3.0 million, the tax benefit of equity compensation deductions of $1.7 million, and the impact of investments in unconsolidated affiliates of $0.8 million. These items were partially offset by the provision for state income taxes, net of the federal benefit, of $1.7 million and miscellaneous items totaling $0.7 million.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Act) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on the accumulated earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries, and creates new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings. The Company is applying the guidance in SAB 118 in accounting for the enactment date effects of the Act. At December 30, 2017, the Company made a reasonable estimate of the one-time transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings as well as the impact of the Act on its existing deferred tax balances. As discussed below, the Company has not completed its accounting for the tax effects of the Act as of June 30, 2018.

The one-time transition tax is based on the Company’s total post-1986 earnings and profits (E&P) for which the accrual of U.S. income taxes had previously been deferred. The Company recorded a provisional amount for its one-time transition tax liability of $12.9 million at December 30, 2017, and has not adjusted this amount as of June 30, 2018. The Company has not yet completed its calculation of the total post-1986 foreign E&P for these foreign subsidiaries. Further, the transition tax is impacted in part by the amount of those earnings held in cash and other specified assets. Accordingly, the Company’s estimate of the one-time transition tax may change when it finalizes the calculation of post-1986 foreign E&P previously deferred from U.S. federal taxation and finalizes the amounts held in cash or other specified assets.

At December 30, 2017, the Company remeasured certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally 21 percent. A provisional tax benefit of $12.1 million was recorded, and no adjustment was recorded to this estimate in the current quarter. The Company is still analyzing certain aspects of the Act and refining its calculations, which could potentially affect the measurement of these balances.

The global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) provisions of the Act impose a tax on the GILTI earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5, Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred. Given the complexity of the GILTI provisions, the Company is still evaluating the effects of these provisions and has not yet determined the new accounting policy. At June 30, 2018, because the Company is still assessing the GILTI provisions and future income subject to the GILTI provisions, it has included an estimate of the tax on GILTI related to current-year operations in the forecasted effective tax rate and has not provided additional GILTI on deferred items.

The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and numerous consolidated and separate-company income tax returns in many state, local, and foreign jurisdictions.  The statute of limitations is open for the Company’s federal tax return and most state income tax returns for 2014 and all subsequent years and is open for certain state and foreign returns for earlier tax years due to ongoing audits and differing statute periods.  While the Company believes that it is adequately reserved for possible future audit adjustments, the final resolution of these examinations cannot be determined with certainty and could result in final settlements that differ from current estimates.