On March 10, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of all the outstanding shares of VCN (the “VCN Shares”) from the shareholders of VCN. VCN (which changed its name to Theriva Biologics, S.L.) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing new oncolytic adenoviruses for the treatment of cancer. Theriva’s lead product candidate, VCN-01, is being studied in clinical trials for pancreatic cancer and retinoblastoma with additional investigator sponsored trials in indications including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and brain tumors. VCN-01 is designed to be administered systemically, intratumorally or intravitreally, either as a monotherapy or in combination with standard of care, to treat a wide variety of cancer indications. VCN-01 is designed to replicate selectively and aggressively within tumor cells, and to degrade the tumor stroma barrier that serves as a significant physical and immunosuppressive barrier to cancer treatment. Degrading the tumor stroma has been shown to improve access to the tumor by the virus and additional therapies such as chemo- and immuno-therapies. Importantly, degrading the stroma exposes tumor antigens, turning “cold” tumors “hot” and enabling a sustained anti-tumor immune response. VCN has the exclusive rights to four patent families for proprietary technologies, as well as technologies developed in collaboration with the Virotherapy Group of the Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL) and with Hospital Sant Joan de Deu (HSJD), with a number of additional patents pending. As consideration for the purchase of the VCN Shares, the Company paid $4,700,000 to Grifols, the owner of approximately 86% of the equity of VCN, and issued to the remaining sellers and certain key VCN employees and consultants of VCN an aggregate of 2,639,530 shares of its common stock In addition to the consideration described above, under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company assumed up to $2,390,000 of existing liabilities of VCN and has agreed to make cash payments of up to $70.2 million to Grifols upon the achievement of certain clinical and commercialization milestones. In September 2022, the Company received approval from the FDA to proceed with the Phase 2 clinical trial of VCN-01 in PDAC. Due to this approval, the company paid Grifols $3.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2022.

In anticipation of the Acquisition, prior to the Closing, the Company loaned VCN $417,000 to help finance the costs of certain of VCN’s research and development activities. At the Closing, VCN and Grifols entered into a sublease agreement for the sublease by VCN of laboratory and office space as well as a transitional services agreement. As a post-Closing covenant, the Company has agreed to commit to fund VCN’s research and development programs, including but not limited to VCN-01 in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma PDAC Phase 2 trial, VCN-01 in a retinoblastoma (RB) Phase 2/3 trial and necessary G&A within a budgetary plan of approximately $27.8 million.

Total purchase consideration including cash, common shares and contingent consideration was valued at approximately $22.8 million, as follows (in thousands):

As of March 31, 2022, the fair value of the contingent consideration was approximately $11.1 million. During the year ended December 31, 2022 the Company recognized in operating expense a $2.1 million fair value adjustment increase to contingent consideration.

The Company acquired VCN due to its track record of being a research and development engine capable of fueling sustainable growth, to expand the Company’s research and development pipeline, and to diversify the Company’s potential future revenue opportunities.

The allocation of the fair value of the VCN acquisition updated for measurement period and other adjustments is shown in the table below.

The net assets were recorded at their estimated fair value. In valuing acquired assets and liabilities, fair value estimates were based primarily on future expected cash flows, market rate assumptions for contractual obligations, and appropriate discount rates. In connection with the acquisition, we recognized $19.7 million of indefinite-lived in-process research and development intangible assets.

Goodwill is considered an indefinite-lived asset and relates primarily to intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce and synergies between the entities. Goodwill of $5.7 million was established as a result of the Acquisition and is not tax deductible.

Theriva Biologics S.L. operations recorded a net loss of $5.8 million from the date of acquisition through December 31, 2022.

During the year ended December 31, 2022 the Company recognized the following measurement period adjustments:

The cumulative impact of the re-measurements as of the year ended December 31, 2022 was a reduction in accrued liabilities of $277,000, and increase in other receivables or $176,000, an increase in in-process R&D of $810,000; an increase in deferred tax liabilities of $202,000 and a decrease in goodwill of $1,061,000.

Because we are restating prior periods, we are also reflecting other immaterial adjustments related to the valuation of the contingent consideration liabilities and the in process research and development asset. See Note 14 - Restatement of Previously Reported Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) for restatement of the Company’s previously reported unaudited interim consolidated financial statements that were impacted by these misstatements.

Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information (unaudited)

The following unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information summarizes the results of operations for the periods indicated as if the VCN acquisition had been completed as of January 1, 2021 (in thousands):

3. BUSINESS COMBINATION – (continued)


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022	2021
Net revenues	—	$	—
Net loss	(20,546)	$	(27,025)

Transaction Costs

In conjunction with the Acquisition, the Company incurred approximately $1.2 million and $0.2 million in 2021 and 2022, respectively, in transaction costs, which were expensed as general, and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.