7. License, Collaborative and Employment Agreements and Commitments

License and Collaborative Agreements

As described below, the Company has entered into several license and collaborative agreements for the right to use research, technology and patents. Some of these license and collaborative agreements may contain milestones. The specific timing of such milestones cannot be predicted and are dependent on future developments as well as regulatory actions which cannot be predicted with certainty (including actions which may never occur). Further, under the terms of certain licensing agreements, the Company may have the obligation to pay certain milestones contingent upon the achievement of specific levels of sales. Due to the long-range nature of such commercial milestone amounts, they are neither probable at this time nor predictable and consequently are not included in this disclosure.

On December 5, 2013, the Company, through its newly formed, majority owned subsidiary, Synthetic Biomics, Inc. (“SYN Biomics”) entered into a worldwide exclusive license agreement (the “License Agreement”) and option agreement (the “Option Agreement”) with CSMC for the development of new treatment approaches to target non-bacterial intestinal microorganism life forms known as archaea that are associated with intestinal methane production and chronic diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), obesity and type 2 diabetes, through its newly formed subsidiary, Synthetic Biomics, Inc. As part of the terms of the License Agreement the Company issued 291,569 unregistered shares of Company common stock to CSMC, with the approval of the NYSE MKT, LLC, for the initial license fee and patent reimbursement fee of $150,000 and $220,000, respectively. The License Agreement also provides that commencing on the second anniversary of the License Agreement, SYN Biomics will pay an annual maintenance fee, which payment shall be creditable against annual royalty payments owed under the License Agreement. In addition to royalty payments which are a percentage of Net Sales (as defined in the License Agreement) of Licensed Products (as defined in the License Agreement) and Licensed Technology products (as defined in the License Agreement), SYN Biomics is obligated to pay CMSC a percentage of any non-royalty sublicense revenues, as well as additional consideration upon the achievement of milestones (the first two of which are payable in cash or unregistered shares of Company stock at the Company’s option).

The License Agreement terminates: (i) automatically if SYN Biomics enters into a liquidating bankruptcy or other specified bankruptcy event or if the performance of any term, covenant, condition or provision of the License Agreement will jeopardize the licensure of CMSC, its participation in certain reimbursement programs, its full accreditation by the Joint Commission of Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations or any similar state organizations, its tax exempt status or is deemed illegal; (ii) upon 30 days notice from CMSC if SYN Biomics fails to make a payment or use commercially reasonable efforts to exploit the patent rights; (iii) upon 60 days notice from CMSC if SYN Biomics fails to cure any breach or default of any material obligations under the License Agreement; or (iv) upon 90 days notice from SYN Biomics if CMCS fails to cure any breach or default of any material obligations under the License Agreement. SYN Biomics also has the right to terminate the License Agreement without cause upon six months notice to CSMC; however, upon such termination, SYN Biomics is obligated to pay a termination fee with the amount of such fee reduced: (i) if such termination occurs after an Investigational New Drug submission to the FDA but prior to completion of a Phase II clinical trial, (ii) reduced further if such termination occurs after completion of Phase II clinical trial but prior to completion of a Phase III clinical trial; and (iii) reduced to zero if such termination occurs after completion of a Phase III clinical trial.

Pursuant to the terms of the Option Agreement, SYN Biomics has a period of six months to negotiate an exclusive license to develop, manufacture, use, and sell biologic products relating to the prevention, acute treatment and chronic treatment of irritable bowel syndrome or other indications utilized or derived from certain optioned patent applications, pending completion of certain limited testing of technology embodied in the patent applications. Per the terms of the Option Agreement, the Company issued 43,342 shares of unregistered Company stock, as payment of a $50,000 non-refundable option fee upon execution of the agreement, with the approval of the NYSE MKT, LLC. In addition, SYN Biomics has the right to extend the option period for an additional six months, for an additional non-refundable extension fee of $25,000, payable in unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock having a market value of 110% of such amount, subject to approval of NYSE MKT, LLC, or in cash. At any time during the 6 or 12 month option period, if so extended, SYN Biomics has the right to exercise the option and negotiate an exclusive license to the optioned patent applications, which shall provide for: (i) a $50,000 license issue fee plus reimbursement of patent expenses incurred by CSMC prior to the exclusive license, payable to CSMC in unregistered shares of Company stock having a market value of 110% of such amount, subject to approval of the NYSE MKT, LLC, or in cash, (ii) the same milestone payments, royalties and sublicense fees as are payable under the License Agreement dated December 5, 2013 for separately licensed intellectual property, and (iii) such other customary terms and conditions CSMC typically includes in its license agreements.

Prior to the execution of the CSMC License Agreement, SYN Biomics issued shares of common stock of SYN Biomics to each of CSMC and Mark Pimentel, M.D. (the primary inventor of the intellectual property), representing 11.5% and 8.5%, respectively, of the outstanding shares of SYN Biomics (the “SYN Biomics Shares”). The Stock Purchase Agreements for the SYN Biomics Shares provide for certain anti-dilution protection until such time as an aggregate of $3.0 million in proceeds from equity financings are received by SYN Biomics as well as a right, under certain circumstances in the event that the SYN Biomics Shares are not then freely tradable, and subject to NUSE MKT, LLC approval, as of the 18 and 36 month anniversary date of the effective date of the Stock Purchase Agreements, for each of CSMC and the Dr. Pimentel to exchange up to 50% of their SYN Biomics shares for unregistered share of the Company’s common stock, with the rate of exchange based upon the relative contribution of the valuation of SYN Biomics to the public market valuation of us at the time of each exchange. The Stock Purchase Agreements also provide for tag-along rights in the event of the sale by the Company of its shares of SYN Biomics.

On December 19, 2012, the Company entered into a License Agreement with The University of Texas at Austin (the “University”) for the exclusive license of the right to use, develop, manufacture, market and commercialize certain research and patents related to pertussis antibodies. The License Agreement provides that the University is entitled to payment of past patent expenses, an annual payment of $50,000 per year commencing on the effective date through December 31, 2014 and a $25,000 payment on December 31, 2015 and milestone payments of $50,000 upon commencement of Phase I clinical trials, $100,000 upon commencement of Phase III clinical trials, $250,000 upon NDA submission in the U.S., $100,000 upon European Medicines Agency approval and $100,000 upon regulatory approval in an Asian country. In addition, the University is entitled to a running royalty upon net sales (as defined in the License Agreement). The License Agreement terminates upon the expiration of the patent rights (as defined in the License Agreement); provided, however that the License Agreement is subject to early termination by the Company in its discretion and by the University for a breach of the License Agreement by the Company.

In connection with the License Agreement, the Company and the University also entered into a Sponsored Research Agreement pursuant to which the University will perform certain research work related to pertussis. The Sponsored Research Agreement may be renewed annually, in the sole discretion of the Company, after the first year for two additional one year terms with a fixed fee for the first year of $303,287 and for the second and third years, if renewed, a fixed fee of $316,438 and $328,758 respectively, all payable in quarterly installments. If renewed by the Company after the first year for the remaining two years, the research shall be performed from the effective date of the Sponsored Research Agreement until December 31, 2015; provided, however, the Sponsored Research Agreement is subject to early termination upon the written agreement of the parties, a default in the material obligations under the Research Agreement which remain uncured for sixty days after receipt of notice, automatically upon the Company’s bankruptcy or insolvency and by the Company in its sole discretion at any time after the one year anniversary of the date of execution thereof upon no less than 90 days notice. Upon termination prior to December 31, 2014, the Company shall only be responsible for payment of expenses that do not exceed the fixed annual amount and are incurred prior to the termination date and non-cancellable expenses committed to be expended by the University prior to the termination date for the lesser of the remainder of their appointment in the case of salaries and December 31, 2014. Upon a termination after December 31, 2014 or due to a breach by the University, the Company shall only be responsible for all reasonable expenses that do not exceed the fixed annual amount and that are incurred by the University prior to the termination date for services performed prior to the termination date.

On November 28, 2012, a closing was held for the transaction contemplated by the Prev Agreement the Company entered into with Prev ABR LLC (“Prev”), pursuant to which it acquired the C. diff program assets of Prev, including pre-Investigational New Drug (IND) package, Phase I and Phase II clinical data, manufacturing process data and all issued and pending U.S. and international patents. Pursuant to the Prev Agreement, the Company paid Prev an initial cash payment of $100,000 upon execution of the Prev Agreement and at closing paid an additional cash payment of $135,000 and issued 625,000 unregistered shares of our common stock to Prev. See Note 6. In addition, upon the achievement of the milestones set forth below, Prev may be entitled to receive additional consideration payable 50% in cash and 50% in our stock, subject to Prev’s option to receive the entire payment in shares of our stock, with the exception of the first milestone payments to be paid in cash: (i) upon commencement of an IND; (ii) upon commencement of a Phase I clinical trial; (iii) upon commencement of a Phase II clinical trial; (iv) upon commencement of a Phase III clinical trial; (v) upon Biologic License Application (BLA) filing in the U.S. and for territories outside of the U.S. (as defined in the Prev Agreement); and (vi) upon BLA approval in the U.S. and upon approval in territories outside the-U.S. The Prev Agreement also provides that Prev has a right to the return to it of all assets acquired by the Company under the Prev Agreement if on or prior to the date that is (i) 30 months after the execution of the Prev Agreement, the Company has not initiated toxicology studies in non-rodent models or (ii) 36 months have not filed an IND under the program related to the assets and such failure is not due to action or inaction of Prev or breach of its representations or warranties or covenants or if there is a change of control as defined in the Prev Agreement and after such change of control the assets are not further developed; provided however that such 30 and 36 month periods can be extended by the Company for an additional 12 months upon payment of a cash milestone payment. No milestones were achieved or such payments made during the year ended December 31, 2013.

On August 6, 2012, the Company expanded its relationship with Intrexon and entered into an exclusive channel collaboration (“Second ECC”) with Intrexon that governs an “exclusive channel collaboration” arrangement in which the Company will use Intrexon’s technology relating to the identification, design and production of human antibodies and DNA vectors for the development and commercialization of a series of monoclonal antibody therapies for the treatment of certain serious infectious diseases. Pursuant to the terms of the Second Stock Issuance Agreement with Intrexon, which was approved by the Company’s stockholders on October 5, 2012, the Company issued 3,552,210 shares of its common stock, $0.001 par value, which issuance is also deemed paid in consideration for the execution and delivery of the Second ECC, dated August 6, 2012, between the Company and Intrexon. The fair value of this transaction was $7.8 million and was charged to research and development expense for the year ended December 31, 2012, in accordance with the Company’s accounting policy. In connection with the transactions contemplated by the Second Stock Issuance Agreement, and pursuant to the First Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement (the “First Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement”) executed and delivered by the parties at the closing, which was declared effective on May 5, 2013. The Company filed a “resale” registration statement registering the resale of certain of the shares issued under the Second Stock Issuance Agreement.

Subject to certain expense allocations and other offsets provided in the Second ECC, the Company will pay Intrexon royalties on annual net sales of the Synthetic Products, calculated on a Synthetic Product-by-Synthetic Product basis. The Company has likewise agreed to pay Intrexon a percentage of quarterly revenue obtained from a sublicensor in the event of a sublicensing arrangement. No such payments were made during the year ended December 31, 2013.

The Company also agreed upon the filing of an IND application with the FDA for a Synthetic Product, or alternatively the filing of the first equivalent regulatory filing with a foreign regulatory agency (both as applicable, the “IND Milestone Event”), to pay Intrexon either (i) $2.0 million in cash, or (ii) that number of shares of Common Stock (the “IND Milestone Shares”) having a fair market value equaling $2.0 million where such fair market value is determined using published market data of the share price for Common Stock at the close of market on the business day immediately preceding the date of public announcement of attainment of the IND Milestone Event.

Upon the first to occur of either first commercial sale of a Synthetic Product in a country or the granting of the regulatory approval of that Synthetic Product (both as applicable, the “Approval Milestone Event”), the Company agreed to pay to Intrexon either (i) $3.0 million in cash, or (ii) that number of shares of Common Stock (the “Approval Milestone Shares”) having a fair market value equaling $3.0 million where such fair market value is determined using published market data of the share price for Common Stock at the close of market on the business day immediately preceding the date of public announcement of attainment of the Approval Milestone Event.

The Company also agreed that it will pay an optional and varying fee whereby the Company remits a payment, in cash or equity at our sole discretion, to Intrexon calculated as a multiple of the number of targets in excess of three total that the Company desires to elect (the “Field Expansion Fee”). The Field Expansion Fee must be paid completely in either Common Stock or cash, and will comprise either (i) $2.0 million in cash for each target in excess of three total that the Company elects, or (ii) that number of shares of Common Stock (the “Field Expansion Fee Shares”) having a fair market value equaling $2.0 million for each such target that the Company elects in excess of three where such fair market value is determined using published market data establishing the volume-weighted average price for a share of Common Stock over the 30 day period immediately preceding the date of the Field Expansion Fee Closing. No milestones were achieved or such payments were made during the year ended December 31, 2013.

On November 18, 2011, the Company entered into the Initial Channel Agreement (“Initial ECC”) with Intrexon that governs an “exclusive channel collaboration” arrangement in which the Company initially intended to use Intrexon’s technology directed towards the production of PGIS. As consideration for execution of the Initial ECC, the Company entered into the Initial Stock Purchase Agreement with Intrexon pursuant to which the Company issued to Intrexon a number of shares of our common stock equal to 9.995% of the number of shares of the Company’s common stock issued and outstanding following and giving effect to such issuance at a purchase price equal to the $0.001 par value of such shares, which issuance was deemed paid in consideration for the execution and delivery of the Initial ECC which was terminated on April 16, 2013. In connection with the transactions contemplated by the Stock Purchase Agreement, and pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement executed and delivered by the Company to Intrexon, the Company agreed to file a “resale” registration statement registering the resale of the First Tranche Shares within 120 days of the closing date of such issuance. The registration statement registering such shares was declared effective on April 13, 2012.

During December 2012, the Company paid Intrexon a prepayment of research and development expenses of $2.5 million for research and development goods and services to be provided in the future and has been recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Related research and development expenses of $1.0 million and $87,000 were recorded against this prepayment for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. At December 31, 2013, the Intrexon prepayment of research and development expenses was $1.4 million.

In September of 2005, the Company entered into a three-year research agreement with the University of Michigan. Pursuant to that agreement, the Company sponsored research of approximately $460,000 per year. On March 20, 2008, the Company terminated the agreement. On March 24, 2009, the Company entered into a payment plan with the University of Michigan to pay the outstanding balance of $197,000. The Company agreed to pay $5,000 per month, the balance was paid in full July 2012.

Employment Agreements

Effective February 3, 2012, Jeffrey Riley was appointed to serve as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President. In connection with his appointment, Mr. Riley entered into a three-year employment agreement with the Company (the “Riley Employment Agreement”). Pursuant to the Riley Employment Agreement, Mr. Riley will be entitled to an annual base salary of $348,000 and will be eligible for discretionary performance and transactional bonus payments. Additionally, Mr. Riley was granted options to purchase 750,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with an exercise price equal to the per share market price on the date of issue. These options will vest pro rata, on a monthly basis, over 36 months. The Company measured the fair value of the stock options at approximately $1.7 million using a Black-Scholes valuation model.

Effective February 6, 2012, C. Evan Ballantyne was appointed the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. In connection with his appointment, Mr. Ballantyne entered into a three-year employment agreement with the Company (the “Ballantyne Employment Agreement”). Pursuant to the Ballantyne Employment Agreement, Mr. Ballantyne will be entitled to an annual base salary of $298,000 and will be eligible for discretionary performance and transactional bonus payments. Additionally, Mr. Ballantyne was granted options to purchase 425,000 shares of our common stock with an exercise price equal to our per share market price on the date of issue. These options will vest pro rata, on a monthly basis, over 36 months. The Company measured the fair value of the stock options at approximately $1 million using a Black-Scholes valuation model.

Other Commitments

As of December 31, 2013, amounts due for license and sponsored research agreements are as follows, excluding potential milestone payments which are contingent upon the occurence of future events (in thousands):

Year Ending December 31,
2014	$	378
2015		336
2016		10
2017		10
2018		10
Total	$	744

Operating Lease

During 2012, the Company entered into a one year operating lease for office space in Ann Arbor, Michigan. In March 2013, this lease was amended to extend the term of the lease to December 31, 2014, for annual lease payments of $33,000. In March 2012, the Company also entered into a one year operating lease that may be renewed for two additional terms of one year, for office space in Rockville, Maryland, for annual lease payments of $42,000. This lease was extended in March 2013 for a term of one year. The Maryland office lease may be terminated with 60 days written notice.

During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company recognized rent expense of $68,000 and $123,000, respectively.