GOODWILL, INTANGIBLES AND EQUITY INVESTMENTS

As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the goodwill amount for CAM was tested for impairment. To perform the goodwill impairment test, the Company determined the fair value of CAM using industry market multiples and discounted cash flows utilizing a market-derived rate of return (level 3 fair value inputs). The goodwill included in the CAM segment was not impaired. Similarly, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the goodwill amount recorded for the acquisition of PEMCO World Air Services, Inc., ("Pemco"), a business unit included in MRO Services, was tested for impairment. To perform the goodwill impairment test, the Company determined the fair value of Pemco, using industry market multiples and discounted cash flows utilizing a market-derived rate of return (level 3 fair value inputs). The goodwill recorded from the Pemco acquisition was not impaired.

As disclosed in Note B, on November 9, 2018, the Company acquired Omni. The purchase price was allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. Identified intangible assets included OAI's certificated authority granted by the FAA to operate as an airline and OAI's long term customer relationships.

The carrying amounts of goodwill are as follows (in thousands):



	CAM		ACMI Services		MRO Services		Total
Carrying value as of December 31, 2016	$	34,395	$	—	$	2,738	$	37,133
Purchase price adjustment for the acquisition of Pemco	—		—		146		146
Carrying value as of December 31, 2017	$	34,395	$	—	$	2,884	$	37,279
Acquisition of Omni	118,895		234,571		—		353,466
Carrying value as of December 31, 2018	$	153,290	$	234,571	$	2,884	$	390,745

The Company's acquired intangible assets are as follows (in thousands):



	Airline		Amortizing
	Certificates		Intangibles			Total
Carrying value as of December 31, 2016	$	3,000	$	5,453		$	8,453
Amortization	—		(1,155		)	(1,155		)
Carrying value as of December 31, 2017	$	3,000	$	4,298		$	7,298
Acquisition of Omni	6,000		134,000			140,000
Amortization	—		(2,684		)	(2,684		)
Carrying value as of December 31, 2018	$	9,000	$	135,614		$	144,614

The airline certificates have an indefinite life and therefore are not amortized. The Company amortizes finite-lived intangibles assets, including customer relationship and STC intangibles, over 4 to 20 years. The Company recorded intangible amortization expense of $2.7 million, $1.2 million and $0.3 million for the years ending December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is $11.7 million, $11.7 million, $10.9 million, $10.9 million and $10.9 million.

Stock warrants issued to a lessee (see Note D) as an incentive are recorded as a lease incentive asset using their fair value at the time that the lessee has met its performance obligation and amortized against revenues over the duration of related aircraft leases. The Company's lease incentive granted to the lessee was as follows (in thousands):



	Lease
	Incentive
Carrying value as of December 31, 2016	$	54,730
Warrants granted	39,940
Amortization	(13,986		)
Carrying value as of December 31, 2017	$	80,684
Amortization	(16,904		)
Carrying value as of December 31, 2018	$	63,780

The lease incentive began to amortize in April 2016, with the commencement of certain aircraft leases. Based on the warrants granted as of December 31, 2018, the Company expects to record amortization, as a reduction to the lease revenue, of $16.9 million, $16.9 million, $11.7 million, $8.3 million and $7.9 million for each of the next five years ending December 31, 2023.

In January 2014, the Company acquired a 25 percent equity interest in West Atlantic AB of Gothenburg, Sweden ("West"). West, through its two airlines, Atlantic Airlines Ltd. and West Air Sweden AB, operates a fleet of aircraft on behalf of European regional mail carriers and express logistics providers. The airlines operate a combined fleet of British Aerospace ATPs, Bombardier CRJ-200-PFs, and Boeing 767 and 737 aircraft. West leases four Boeing 767 aircraft and two Boeing 737 from the Company.

On August 3, 2017 the Company entered into a joint-venture agreement with Precision Aircraft Solutions, LLC, to develop a passenger-to-freighter conversion program for Airbus A321-200 aircraft. The Company anticipates approval of a supplemental type certificate from the FAA in 2020. The Company expects to make contributions equal to its 49% ownership percentage of the program's total costs over the next two years. During the 2018 and 2017 years, the Company contributed $11.4 million and $8.7 million to the joint venture, respectively.

The Company accounts for its investment in West and the aircraft conversion joint venture under the equity method of accounting, in which the carrying value of each investment is reduced for the Company's share of the non-consolidated affiliates operating results. The carrying value of West and the joint venture totaled $12.5 million and $12.7 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. and are reflected in “Other Assets” in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s carrying value of West included $5.5 million of excess purchase price over the Company's fair value of West's identified nets assets in January of 2014 and $2.4 million paid to West in 2017 for a preferred equity instrument. The Company monitors its investments in affiliates for indicators of other-than-temporary declines in value on an ongoing basis in accordance with GAAP. If the Company determines that an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred, it recognizes an impairment loss, which is measured as the difference between the recorded carrying value and the fair value of the investment. The fair value is generally determined using an income approach based on discounted cash flows or using negotiated transaction values.