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Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2012
Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies:  
Note 3 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

NOTE 3 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Principles of Consolidation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary Hemagen Diagnostics Commercio, Importaco & Exporataco, Ltd. ("HDC"). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. 

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Foreign Currency Translation

 

The financial position and results of operations of HDC are measured using HDC's local currency, the Brazilian Real, as the functional currency.  Revenues and expenses of HDC have been translated into U.S. dollars at average exchange rates prevailing during the year.  Assets and liabilities have been translated at the rates of exchange on the balance sheet date.  The resulting translation gain and loss adjustments are recorded directly as a separate component of stockholders' equity.

 

Accounts Receivable

 

A majority of the Company’s accounts receivable are due from distributors (domestic and international), hospitals, universities, and physician and veterinary offices and other entities in the medical field.  Credit is extended based on evaluation of a customer’s financial condition and, generally, collateral is not required.  Accounts receivable are stated at amounts due from customers net of an allowance for doubtful accounts.  Accounts with outstanding balances for longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due.  The Company determines its allowance by considering a number of factors, including the length of time trade accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, the customer’s current ability to pay its obligation to the Company, and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole.  The Company writes off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are posted against the allowance for doubtful accounts.  The balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts was $53,846 and $67,286 on September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  The Company does not accrue interest on accounts receivable past due. 

 

Inventories

 

Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost, determined on the first-in, first-out basis, or market.  Inventory reserves are established for obsolescence based on expiration dating of perishable products and excess levels of inventory on hand.  The Company had $564,284 and $541,158 of inventory reserves as of September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. 

 

Long-lived Assets

 

The Company reviews the carrying values of its long-lived assets for possible impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. If the review indicates that long-lived assets are not recoverable (i.e., the carrying amount is less than the future projected undiscounted cash flows), the carrying amount would be reduced to fair value and a charge to income would be recorded. Hemagen did not have any long-lived assets whose balances needed to be reduced.

 

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment is stated at net book value.  Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range from 3 to 10 years.  Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

 

Other Assets

 

Other assets, net at September 30, 2012 and 2011 consists of product registration certificates that are being amortized over their 5 year life and security deposits relating to the facilities that are being leased.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amount and the tax basis of assets and liabilities at each year-end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income.  A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The provision for or benefit from income taxes is allocated based upon each subsidiary’s individual operations.

 

Management considers the likelihood of changes by taxing authorities in its filed income tax returns and recognizes a liability for or discloses potential changes that management believes are more likely than not to occur upon examination by tax authorities. Management has not identified any uncertain tax positions in filed income tax returns that require recognition or disclosure in the accompanying financial statements. The Company’s income tax returns for the past three years are subject to examination by tax authorities, and may change upon examination.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Revenues from the sale of products are recognized when 1) product is shipped, 2) all contractual obligations have been satisfied, and 3) the collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured.

 

Revenues from product service contracts, which are based on their relative fair value, are recognized ratably over the term of the contract. Losses are provided for at the time that management determines that contract costs will exceed related revenues.  The portion of product service contracts not complete at the balance sheet date is included in deferred revenue.

 

Stock- Based Compensation

 

The Company applies FASB ASC 718-10, Share-Based Payment, which requires companies to measure the cost of share-based awards based on the grant-date fair value of the award using an option pricing model and to recognize that cost over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options granted and recognizes the compensation cost of share-based awards in its statement of operations using the straight-line method over the vesting period of the award, net of estimated forfeitures.

 

The use of the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of share-based awards requires that the Company make certain assumptions and estimates for required inputs to the model, including (i) the fair value of the Company’s common stock at each grant date, (ii) the expected volatility of the Company’s common stock value, (iii) the expected life of the share-based award, (iv) the risk-free interest rate, and (v) the dividend yield.

 

Research and Development Costs

 

All costs incurred to research, design and develop products are considered research and development costs and are charged to expense as incurred.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

Financial instruments include cash, customer receivables, accounts payable, certain other accrued liabilities and long-term debt.  The carrying value of long-term debt approximates its fair value based on the current rate offered to the Company for debt of similar remaining maturities.  The carrying values of all other financial instruments also approximate their fair values.

 

Advertising Expenses

 

Costs of advertising, which also include promotional expenses, are expensed as incurred.  Advertising expenses for fiscal 2012 and 2011 were approximately $9,137 and $12,201, respectively.

 

Shipping and Handling

 

The cost of shipping products to customers is included in cost of goods sold.  Amounts billed to a customer in a sale transaction related to shipping and handling are classified as revenue.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment. This ASU allows entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If this is the case, the entity is required to perform a more detailed two-step goodwill impairment test that is used to identify potential goodwill impairments and to measure the amount of goodwill impairment losses, if any, to be recognized. The amendments are effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011.  The Company expects to adopt ASU 2011-08 in its first quarter of fiscal 2013 and does not expect it to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

 

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Presentation of Comprehensive Income, as amended, which requires companies to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The amendments in this update should be applied retrospectively and are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company expects to adopt ASU 2011-05 in its first quarter of fiscal 2013 and intends to present other comprehensive income in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income. 

 

In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-12, Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update 2011-05. ASU 2011-12 defers only those changes in ASU2011-05 that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments. The Board has reinstated the requirements for the presentation of reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive income that were in place before the issuance of Update 2011-05. The adoption of the amendments of ASU 2011-12 are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs, which amends ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2011-04 does not extend the use of fair value accounting but provides guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other standards within U.S. GAAP or IFRSs. ASU 2011-04 changes the wording used to describe many requirements in U.S. GAAP for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. Additionally, ASU 2011-04 clarifies the FASB's intent about the application of existing fair value measurements. The amendments are effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  The Company expects to adopt ASU 2011-04 in its first quarter of fiscal 2013 and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.