The following table represents the activity in goodwill net of accumulated goodwill impairment loss (“goodwill, net”) and accumulated goodwill impairment loss by segment for 2022:


	Cryo Tank Solutions		Heat Transfer Systems		Specialty Products		Repair, Service & Leasing		Consolidated
Goodwill, net balance at December 31, 2021	$	84.9	$	433.6	$	300.9	$	175.2	$	994.6
Goodwill acquired during the period (1) (2)	—		—		15.4		3.1		18.5
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	(5.8)		(3.1)		(0.3)		0.3		(8.9)
Purchase price adjustments (3)	—		—		(12.0)		(0.2)		(12.2)
Goodwill, net balance at December 31, 2022	$	79.1	$	430.5	$	304.0	$	178.4	$	992.0

Accumulated goodwill impairment loss at December 31, 2021	$	23.5	$	49.3	$	35.8	$	20.4	$	129.0

Accumulated goodwill impairment loss at December 31, 2022	$	23.5	$	49.3	$	35.8	$	20.4	$	129.0

(1)For further information regarding goodwill acquired and the purchase price adjustments during the period refer to Note 14, “Business Combinations.”

(2)Goodwill acquired during the period was $18.5. Goodwill acquired during the period for the Fronti and AdEdge India acquisitions of $14.3 and $1.1, respectively, was allocated to our Specialty Products segment. Goodwill acquired during the period for our CSC acquisition of $3.1 was allocated to our Repair, Service & Leasing segment.

(3)During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded purchase price adjustments that decreased goodwill by $12.0 in our Specialty Products segment related to the Earthly Labs, Inc., L.A. Turbine and AdEdge acquisitions and by $0.2 in our Repair, Service & Leasing segment. For further information regarding goodwill acquired and the purchase price adjustments during the period refer to Note 14, “Business Combinations.”

The following table represents the activity in goodwill net of accumulated goodwill impairment loss (“goodwill, net”) and accumulated goodwill impairment loss by segment for 2021 (1):


	Cryo Tank Solutions		Heat Transfer Systems		Specialty Products		Repair, Service & Leasing		Consolidated
Goodwill, net balance at December 31, 2020	$	93.2	$	435.2	$	172.4	$	165.1	$	865.9
Goodwill acquired during the period (1) (2)	—		2.9		127.1		10.1		140.1
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other	(8.3)		(4.5)		—		—		(12.8)
Purchase price adjustments (3)	—		—		1.4		—		1.4
Goodwill, net balance at December 31, 2021	$	84.9	$	433.6	$	300.9	$	175.2	$	994.6

Accumulated goodwill impairment loss at December 31, 2020	$	23.5	$	49.3	$	35.8	$	20.4	$	129.0

Accumulated goodwill impairment loss at December 31, 2021	$	23.5	$	49.3	$	35.8	$	20.4	$	129.0

(1)For further information regarding goodwill acquired and the purchase price adjustments during the period refer to Note 14, “Business Combinations.”

(2)Goodwill acquired during the period for the L.A. Turbine acquisition of $42.1 was allocated to certain reporting units as follows: $29.1 - Specialty Products, $10.1 - Repair, Service & Leasing and $2.9 - Heat Transfer Systems. Goodwill acquired during the period for the Cryogenic Gas Technologies, Inc., AdEdge Holdings, LLC and Earthly Labs Inc. acquisitions was $34.9, $15.9 and $47.2, respectively and is included in the Specialty Products segment.

(3)During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recorded purchase price adjustments that increased goodwill by $1.4 in Specialty Products related to the BlueInGreen, LLC acquisition.

The following table displays the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for finite-lived intangible assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets (exclusive of goodwill) (1):


		December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Weighted-average Estimated Useful Life	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	13 years	$	311.5	$	(104.6)	$	312.1	$	(82.2)
Unpatented technology	14 years	202.5		(44.8)		184.6		(30.1)
Patents and other	6 years	6.8		(2.0)		7.9		(2.3)
Trademarks and trade names	16 years	2.5		(1.7)		3.5		(1.8)
Land use rights	50 years	10.4		(1.7)		11.4		(1.6)
Total finite-lived intangible assets	14 years	$	533.7	$	(154.8)	$	519.5	$	(118.0)
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trademarks and trade names (2)		$	156.4	$	—	$	154.6	$	—
Total intangible assets		$	690.1	$	(154.8)	$	674.1	$	(118.0)

Amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization was $41.4, $38.9 and $45.7 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. We estimate amortization expense to be recognized during the next five years as follows:

During the fourth quarter 2021, we were selected by the U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”) for funding of up to $5 million to engineer and build our Cryogenic Carbon CaptureTM system for a cement plant. During the project’s duration, the DOE shall reimburse us in cash for approved expenses we incur. This project began on February 1, 2022, at which point expenses incurred may be submitted for reimbursement. The agreement will be effective until April 30, 2025. We have not yet received any funding for this grant.

We received certain government grants related to land use rights for capacity expansion in China (“China Government Grants”). China Government Grants are generally recorded in other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and generally recognized into income over the useful life of the associated assets (10 to 50 years).

We also received government grants from certain local jurisdictions within the United States, which are recorded in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets and were not significant for the periods presented.