Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The following table represents the changes in goodwill by segment:



	Energy & Chemicals			D&S West		D&S East			Consolidated
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	295.8		$	151.3	$	73.6		$	520.7
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(0.6		)	—		(1.7		)	(2.3		)
Purchase price adjustment ⁽¹⁾	7.7			0.8		10.2			18.7
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	302.9		$	152.1	$	82.1		$	537.1

Accumulated goodwill impairment loss at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	$	64.6		$	82.5	$	—		$	147.1

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⁽¹⁾	For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we made an adjustment to the preliminary purchase price allocation of $17.9 ($7.7 in E&C and $10.2 in D&S East) for the VRV acquisition and $0.8 for the Skaff acquisition. For further information see Note 9, “Business Combinations”.

Intangible Assets

The following table displays the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for finite-lived intangible assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets (exclusive of goodwill) ⁽¹⁾:



		March 31, 2019					December 31, 2018
	Weighted-average Estimated Useful Life	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	14 years	$	252.3	$	(96.1	)	$	254.0	$	(92.0	)
Unpatented technology	12 years	38.9		(5.5		)	39.4		(5.1		)
Land use rights	50 years	12.4		(1.3		)	12.2		(1.3		)
Trademarks and trade names	14 years	12.9		(1.0		)	13.5		(1.1		)
Patents and other	7 years	12.8		(1.1		)	14.0		(1.5		)
Total finite-lived intangible assets	14 years	$	329.3	$	(105.0	)	$	333.1	$	(101.0	)
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trademarks and trade names		98.2		—			98.3		—
Total intangible assets		$	427.5	$	(105.0	)	$	431.4	$	(101.0	)

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⁽¹⁾	Amounts include the impact of foreign currency translation. Fully amortized amounts are written off.

Amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization was $7.2 and $5.5 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We estimate amortization expense to be recognized during the next five years as follows:



For the Year Ending December 31,
2019	$	21.0
2020	26.8
2021	20.2
2022	19.3
2023	19.2

See Note 9, “Business Combinations” for further information related to intangible assets acquired during 2018.

Government Grants

We received certain government grants related to land use rights for capacity expansion in China (“China Government Grants”). China Government Grants are generally recorded in other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and generally recognized into income over the useful life of the associated assets (10 to 50 years).

China Government Grants are presented in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows:



	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Current	$	0.5	$	0.5
Long-term	7.9		7.7
Total China Government Grants	$	8.4	$	8.2

We also received government grants from certain local jurisdictions within the United States, which are recorded in other assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and were not significant for the periods presented.