2. Business Description and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business Description

Servotronics, Inc. and its subsidiaries design, manufacture and market advanced technology products consisting primarily of control components, and consumer products consisting of knives and various types of cutlery and other edged products.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Servotronics, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Cash

The Company considers cash to include all currency and coins owned by the Company as well as all deposits in the bank including checking accounts and savings accounts.

Accounts Receivable

The Company grants credit to substantially all of its customers and carries its accounts receivable at original invoice amount less an allowance for doubtful accounts. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates its accounts receivable and establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on history of past write-offs, collections, and current credit conditions. The allowance for doubtful accounts amounted to approximately $156,000 at June 30, 2020 and $337,000 at December 31, 2019. The Company does not accrue interest on past due receivables.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues are recognized at the time of shipment of goods, transfer of title and customer acceptance, as required. Our revenue transactions generally consist of a single performance obligation to transfer contracted goods and are not accounted for under industry-specific guidance. Purchase orders generally include specific terms relative to quantity, item description, specifications, price, customer responsibility for in-process costs, delivery schedule, shipping point, payment and other standard terms and conditions of purchase. Service sales, principally representing repair, are recognized at the time of shipment of goods.

The costs incurred for nonrecurring engineering, development and repair activities of our products under agreements with commercial customers are expensed as incurred. Subsequently, the revenue is recognized as products are delivered to the customers with the approval by the customers.

Revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods and services to a customer. The Company determines revenue recognition using the following five steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when the company satisfies a performance obligation.

Revenue excludes taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by the Company from a customer (e.g., sales and use taxes). Revenue includes payments for shipping activities that are reimbursed by the customer to the Company.

Performance obligations are satisfied as of a point in time. Performance obligations are supported by contracts with customers, providing a framework for the nature of the distinct goods, services or bundle of goods and services. The timing of satisfying the performance obligation is typically indicated by the terms of the contract. As a significant portion of the Company’s revenue are recognized at the time of shipment, transfer of title and customer acceptance, there is no significant judgment applied to determine the timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations or transaction price.

The timing of satisfaction of our performance obligations does not significantly vary from the typical timing of payment. The Company generally receives payment for these contracts within the payment terms negotiated and agreed upon by each customer contract.

Warranty and repair obligations are assessed on all returns. Revenue is not recorded on any warranty returns. The Company warrants its products against design, materials and workmanship based on an average of twenty-seven months. The Company determines warranty reserves needed based on actual average costs of warranty units shipped and current facts and circumstances. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 under the guidance of ASC460 the Company has recorded a warranty reserve of approximately $287,000 and $420,000, respectively. This amount is reflected in other accrued expenses in the accompanying balance sheet. Revenue is recognized on repair returns, covered under a customer contract, at the contractual price upon shipment to the customer.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost includes all costs incurred to bring each product to its present location and condition. Market provisions in respect of lower of cost or market adjustments and inventory expected to be used in greater than two years are applied to the gross value of the inventory through a reserve of approximately $1,569,000 and $1,437,000 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Pre-production and start-up costs are expensed as incurred.

The purchase of suppliers’ minimum economic quantities of material such as steel, etc. may result in a purchase of quantities exceeding one year of customer requirements. Also, in order to maintain a reasonable and/or agreed to lead time, certain larger quantities of other product support items may have to be purchased and may result in over one year’s supply. These amounts are not included in the inventory reserve discussed above.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of cost of goods sold.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost; expenditures for new facilities and equipment and expenditures which substantially increase the useful lives of existing plant and equipment are capitalized; expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Upon disposal of properties, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any profit or loss on disposition is included in income.

Depreciation is provided on the basis of estimated useful lives of depreciable properties, primarily by the straight-line method for financial statement purposes and by accelerated methods for income tax purposes. Depreciation expense includes the amortization of right-of-use (“ROU”) assets accounted for as finance leases. The estimated useful lives of depreciable properties are generally as follows:


Buildings and improvements		5-40 years
Machinery and equipment		5-20 years
Tooling		3‑5 years

Income Taxes


	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2020			2019			% Change
	($000's omitted)
Income tax expense	$	761		$	171		345	%
Effective tax rate		21.0	%		17.4	%	3.6	%

The higher effective tax rate during the six months ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to a decrease in permanent deductible expenses.

In response to COVID-19, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the CARES Act) was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act provides numerous tax provisions and other stimulus measures, including temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses, temporary suspension of certain payment requirements for the employer portion of Social Security taxes, technical corrections from prior tax legislation for tax depreciation of certain qualified improvement property, and the creation of certain refundable employee retention credits. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these measures on its consolidated financial statements. If these measures are determined to be applicable to the Company, they may result in cash refunds and an income tax benefit recorded in the consolidated statement of income.

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well as operating loss and credit carryforwards. The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return, combined New York and Texas state income tax returns and various separate state income tax returns.

The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company did not have any accrued interest or penalties included in its consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019, and did not recognize any interest and/or penalties in its consolidated statements of income during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The Company did not have any material uncertain tax positions or unrecognized tax benefits or obligations as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. On July 16, 2020, the Company was notified that the 2017 federal income tax return was randomly selected for examination. The 2016 through 2018 federal and state tax returns remain subject to examination.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Income taxes paid during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 amounted to approximately $42,000 and $0, respectively. Interest paid during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 amounted to approximately $84,000 and $57,000, respectively.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan

Contributions to the employee stock ownership plan are determined annually by the Company according to plan formula.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable based on undiscounted future operating cash flow analyses. If an impairment is determined to exist, any related impairment loss is calculated based on fair value. Due to the losses incurred by our Consumer Products Group ("CPG"), we performed a test for recoverability of the long-lived assets by comparing its carrying value to the future undiscounted cash flows that we expect will be generated by the asset group. Impairment losses on assets to be disposed of, if any, are based on the estimated proceeds to be received, less costs of disposal. The Company has determined that no impairment of long-lived assets existed at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain balances, as previously reported, were reclassified to conform to classifications adopted in the current period.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Concentration of Credit Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risks principally consist of cash accounts in financial institutions. Although the accounts exceed the federally insured deposit amount, management does not anticipate nonperformance by the financial institutions.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amount of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses are reasonable estimates of their fair value due to their short maturity. Based on variable interest rates and the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans similar to its long-term debt, the fair value approximates its carrying amount.