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Preneed Cemetery Activities Level 1 (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Cemetery [Member]  
Preneed Cemetery Activities Text Block
Preneed Cemetery Activities
Preneed cemetery receivables, net and trust investments
Preneed cemetery receivables, net and trust investments represent trust investments, including investment earnings, and customer receivables, net of unearned finance charges, for contracts sold in advance of when the property interment rights, merchandise, or services are needed. Our cemetery merchandise and service trusts are variable interest entities. We have determined that we are the primary beneficiary of these trusts, as we absorb a majority of the losses and returns associated with these trusts. The trust investments detailed in Notes 3 and 5 are also accounted for as variable interest entities. When we receive payments from the customer, we deposit the amount required by law into the trust and reclassify the corresponding amount from Deferred preneed cemetery revenues into Deferred preneed receipts held in trust. Amounts are withdrawn from the trusts when the contract obligations are performed. Cash flows from preneed cemetery contracts are presented as operating cash flows in our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
Preneed cemetery receivables, net and trust investments are reduced by the trust investment earnings (realized and unrealized) that we have been allowed to withdraw in certain states prior to maturity. These earnings are recorded in Deferred preneed cemetery revenues until the merchandise is delivered or the service is performed.
The table below sets forth certain investment-related activities associated with our preneed cemetery merchandise and service trusts for the years ended December 31:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Deposits
$
153,252

 
$
129,581

 
$
106,185

Withdrawals
$
163,732

 
$
150,064

 
$
119,576

Purchases of available-for-sale securities(1)
$
625,648

 
$
1,786,800

 
$
477,772

Sales of available-for-sale securities(1)
$
628,484

 
$
1,842,417

 
$
498,852

Realized gains from sales of available-for-sale securities(1)
$
51,510

 
$
271,507

 
$
101,337

Realized losses from sales of available-for-sale securities(1)
$
(40,092
)
 
$
(138,473
)
 
$
(14,593
)

(1)
The increase in activity in 2014 is the result of changing the legal structure of the trust investments.
The components of Preneed cemetery receivables, net and trust investments in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31 were as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
(In thousands)
Trust investments, at market
$
1,343,916

 
$
1,404,298

Cash and cash equivalents
118,583

 
122,355

Trust investments
1,462,499

 
1,526,653

Receivables from customers
958,503

 
881,082

Unearned finance charges
(31,332
)
 
(31,524
)
 
2,389,670

 
2,376,211

Allowance for cancellation
(71,503
)
 
(69,542
)
Preneed cemetery receivables and trust investments
$
2,318,167

 
$
2,306,669


The activity in Preneed cemetery receivables, net and trust investments for the years ended December 31 was as follows:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Beginning balance — Preneed cemetery receivables and trust investments
$
2,306,669

 
$
2,292,348

 
$
1,826,835

Net preneed contract sales
799,497

 
688,336

 
562,433

Acquisitions (divestitures) of businesses, net
4,404

 
(10,898
)
 
190,870

Net undistributed investment (losses) earnings(1)
(42,189
)
 
(18,038
)
 
203,499

Cash receipts from customers, net of refunds
(716,686
)
 
(615,489
)
 
(471,710
)
Deposits to trust
153,252

 
129,581

 
106,185

Maturities, deliveries, and associated earnings
(163,732
)
 
(150,064
)
 
(119,576
)
Change in cancellation allowance
(2,046
)
 
843

 
3,002

Effect of foreign currency and other
(21,002
)
 
(9,950
)
 
(9,190
)
Ending balance — Preneed cemetery receivables and trust investments
$
2,318,167

 
$
2,306,669

 
$
2,292,348

(1)
Includes both realized and unrealized investment (losses) earnings.
The cost and market values associated with our cemetery merchandise and service trust investments recorded at fair value at December 31, 2015 and 2014 are detailed below. Cost reflects the investment (net of redemptions) of control holders in the trusts. Fair value represents the value of the underlying securities held by the trusts.
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
Fair Value Hierarchy Level
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Fixed income securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Treasury
2
$
69,746

 
$
25

 
$
(1,437
)
 
$
68,334

Canadian government
2
24,648

 
183

 
(169
)
 
24,662

Corporate
2
5,112

 
26

 
(118
)
 
5,020

Residential mortgage-backed
2
129

 
3

 
(3
)
 
129

Asset-backed
2
170

 
15

 
—

 
185

Equity securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Common stock:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

United States
1
532,026

 
44,181

 
(32,037
)
 
544,170

Canada
1
8,984

 
3,858

 
(891
)
 
11,951

Other international
1
50,053

 
4,207

 
(5,799
)
 
48,461

Mutual funds:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Equity
1
356,798

 
1,620

 
(49,642
)
 
308,776

Fixed income
1
203,983

 
92

 
(18,526
)
 
185,549

Commingled funds:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed income
2
108,883

 
—

 
(570
)
 
108,313

Private equity
3
34,810

 
5,803

 
(4,502
)
 
36,111

Other
3
1,982

 
273

 
—

 
2,255

Trust investments
 
$
1,397,324

 
$
60,286

 
$
(113,694
)
 
$
1,343,916

 
 
December 31, 2014
 
Fair Value Hierarchy Level
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Fixed income securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Treasury
2
$
63,447

 
$
257

 
$
(605
)
 
$
63,099

Canadian government
2
21,687

 
261

 
(134
)
 
21,814

Corporate
2
8,725


122


(116
)

8,731

Residential mortgage-backed
2
111

 
3

 
(1
)
 
113

Asset-backed
2
170

 
16

 
—

 
186

Equity securities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Preferred stock
2
10

 
1

 
—

 
11

Common stock:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

United States
1
557,955

 
22,746

 
(11,706
)
 
568,995

Canada
1
10,962

 
5,011

 
(841
)
 
15,132

Other international
1
55,632

 
1,605

 
(2,395
)
 
54,842

Mutual funds:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Equity
1
344,443

 
4,244

 
(18,430
)
 
330,257

Fixed income
1
314,600

 
679

 
(4,702
)
 
310,577

Private equity
3
32,342

 
3,185

 
(6,183
)
 
29,344

Other
3
1,082

 
186

 
(71
)
 
1,197

Trust investments
 
$
1,411,166

 
$
38,316

 
$
(45,184
)
 
$
1,404,298


Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities held by the trusts are classified as Level 1 investments pursuant to the fair value measurements hierarchy.
Where quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, fair values are estimated by using either quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or an income approach fair value model with observable inputs that include a combination of interest rates, yield curves, credit risks, prepayment speeds, ratings, and tax-exempt status. Commingled funds are measured at and readily redeemable for net asset value. These securities are classified as Level 2 investments pursuant to the fair value measurements hierarchy.
The valuation of private equity and other alternative investments requires management judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, inherent lack of liquidity, and the long-term nature of such assets. The fair value of these investments is estimated based on the value of the underlying real estate and private equity investments. The underlying real estate value is determined using the most recent available appraisals. Private equity instruments are valued based on reported net asset values. Valuation policies and procedures are determined by our Trust Services department, which reports to our Chief Financial Officer. Additionally, valuations are reviewed by the Investment Committee of the Board of Directors quarterly. These securities are classified as Level 3 investments pursuant to the fair value measurements hierarchy.
As of December 31, 2015, our unfunded commitment for our private equity and other investments was $43.6 million which, if called, would be funded by the assets of the trusts. Our private equity and other investments include several funds that invest in limited partnerships, distressed debt, real estate, and mezzanine financing. These investments can never be redeemed by the funds. Instead, the nature of the investments in this category is that the distributions are received through the liquidation of the underlying assets of the funds. We estimate that the underlying assets will be liquidated over the next 2 to 10 years.
The change in our market-based cemetery merchandise and service trust investments with significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) is as follows for the years ended December 31 :
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
Private Equity
 
Other
 
Private Equity
 
Other
 
Private Equity
 
Other
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
Fair value, beginning balance at January 1,
$
29,344

 
$
1,197

 
$
26,844

 
$
1,245

 
$
17,687

 
$
450

Net unrealized gains (losses) included in Accumulated other comprehensive income(1)
5,723

 
228

 
3,313

 
(73
)
 
15,420

 
1,218

Net realized losses included in Other income (expense), net(2)
(45
)
 
(15
)
 
(43
)
 
(7
)
 
(48
)
 
(5
)
Purchases
—

 
1,328

 
—

 
196

 
—

 
—

Contributions
7,935

 
1,390

 
6,582

 
4

 
3,430

 
—

Distributions and other
(6,846
)
 
(1,873
)
 
(7,352
)
 
(168
)
 
(9,645
)
 
(418
)
Fair value, ending balance at December 31,
$
36,111

 
$
2,255

 
$
29,344

 
$
1,197

 
$
26,844

 
$
1,245

(1)
All unrealized gains recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income for our cemetery merchandise and service trust investments are attributable to our preneed customers and are offset by a corresponding reclassification in Accumulated other comprehensive income to Deferred preneed receipts held in trust. See Note 6 for further information related to our Deferred preneed receipts held in trust.
(2)
All losses recognized in Other income (expense), net for our cemetery merchandise and service trust investments are attributable to our preneed customers and are offset by a corresponding reclassification in Other income (expense), net to Deferred preneed receipts held in trust. See Note 6 for further information related to our Deferred preneed receipts held in trust.
Maturity dates of our fixed income securities range from 2016 to 2045. Maturities of fixed income securities (excluding mutual funds) at December 31, 2015 are estimated as follows:
 
Fair Value
 
(In thousands)
Due in one year or less
$
26,698

Due in one to five years
25,843

Due in five to ten years
27,094

Thereafter
18,695

 
$
98,330


Earnings from all our cemetery merchandise and service trust investments are recognized in cemetery revenues when merchandise is delivered or a service is performed. Fees charged by our wholly-owned registered investment advisor are also included in current revenues in the period in which they are earned. In addition, we are entitled to retain, in certain jurisdictions, a portion of collected customer payments when a customer cancels a preneed contract; these amounts are also recognized in current revenues. Recognized earnings (realized and unrealized) related to our cemetery merchandise and service trust investments were $45.5 million, $48.2 million, and $39.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.
We assess our trust investments for other-than-temporary declines in fair value on a quarterly basis. Impairment charges resulting from this assessment are recognized as investment losses in Other income (expense), net and a decrease to Preneed cemetery receivables, net and trust investments. These investment losses, if any, are offset by the corresponding reclassification in Other income (expense), net, which reduces Deferred preneed receipts held in trust. See Note 6 for further information related to our Deferred preneed receipts held in trust. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, we recorded a $4.3 million, a $60.0 million, and a $1.6 million, respectively, impairment charge for other-than-temporary declines in fair value related to unrealized losses on certain investments.
We have determined that the remaining unrealized losses in our cemetery merchandise and service trust investments are considered temporary in nature, as the unrealized losses were due to temporary fluctuations in interest rates and equity prices. The investments are diversified across multiple industry segments using a balanced allocation strategy to minimize long-term risk. We believe that none of the securities are other-than-temporarily impaired based on our analysis of the investments. Our analysis included a review of the portfolio holdings and discussions with the individual money managers as to the sector exposures, credit ratings, and the severity and duration of the unrealized losses. Our cemetery merchandise and service trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair values, and the duration of unrealized losses for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, are shown in the following tables:
 
December 31, 2015
 
In Loss Position
Less Than 12 Months
 
In Loss Position
Greater Than 12 Months
 
Total
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
Fixed income securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Treasury
$
52,533

 
$
(1,435
)
 
$
21

 
$
(2
)
 
$
52,554

 
$
(1,437
)
Canadian government
16,039

 
(105
)
 
841

 
(64
)
 
16,880

 
(169
)
Corporate
1,754

 
(22
)
 
2,347

 
(96
)
 
4,101

 
(118
)
Residential mortgage-backed
42

 
(1
)
 
18

 
(2
)
 
60

 
(3
)
Equity securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Common stock:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

United States
198,843

 
(26,038
)
 
21,355

 
(5,999
)
 
220,198

 
(32,037
)
Canada
470

 
(6
)
 
1,430

 
(885
)
 
1,900

 
(891
)
Other international
15,567

 
(2,507
)
 
9,412

 
(3,292
)
 
24,979

 
(5,799
)
Mutual funds:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Equity
207,349

 
(25,991
)
 
86,720

 
(23,651
)
 
294,069

 
(49,642
)
Fixed income
139,749

 
(6,322
)
 
44,550

 
(12,204
)
 
184,299

 
(18,526
)
Commingled funds:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed income
108,347

 
(570
)
 
—

 
—

 
108,347

 
(570
)
Private equity
—

 
—

 
9,526

 
(4,502
)
 
9,526

 
(4,502
)
Total temporarily impaired securities
$
740,693

 
$
(62,997
)
 
$
176,220

 
$
(50,697
)
 
$
916,913

 
$
(113,694
)
 
December 31, 2014
 
In Loss Position
Less Than 12 Months
 
In Loss Position
Greater Than 12 Months
 
Total
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
Fixed income securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

U.S. Treasury
$
45,072

 
$
(605
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
45,072

 
$
(605
)
Canadian government
—


—


4,858


(134
)

4,858


(134
)
Corporate
2,017


(61
)

1,936


(55
)

3,953


(116
)
 Residential mortgage-backed
33

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
33

 
(1
)
Equity securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Common stock:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

United States
192,015

 
(11,706
)
 
585

 
—

 
192,600

 
(11,706
)
Canada
2,069

 
(319
)
 
778

 
(522
)
 
2,847

 
(841
)
Other international
28,308

 
(2,395
)
 
—

 
—

 
28,308

 
(2,395
)
Mutual funds:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Equity
303,211

 
(18,329
)
 
1,577

 
(101
)
 
304,788

 
(18,430
)
Fixed income
159,572

 
(4,106
)
 
15,113

 
(596
)
 
174,685

 
(4,702
)
Private equity
88

 
(100
)
 
7,518

 
(6,083
)
 
7,606

 
(6,183
)
Other
2

 
(3
)
 
259

 
(68
)
 
261

 
(71
)
Total temporarily impaired securities
$
732,387

 
$
(37,625
)
 
$
32,624

 
$
(7,559
)
 
$
765,011

 
$
(45,184
)

Deferred Preneed Cemetery Revenues
At December 31, 2015 and 2014, Deferred preneed cemetery revenues, net of allowance for cancellation, represent future cemetery revenues, including distributed trust investment earnings associated with unperformed trust-funded preneed cemetery contracts that are not held in trust accounts. Deferred preneed cemetery revenues are recognized in current cemetery revenues when merchandise is delivered or the service is performed. Future cemetery revenues and net trust investment earnings that are held in trust accounts are included in Deferred preneed receipts held in trust.
The following table summarizes the activity in Deferred preneed cemetery revenues for the years ended December 31:
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
(In thousands)
Beginning balance — Deferred preneed cemetery revenue
$
1,062,381

 
$
1,016,275

 
$
861,148

Net preneed and atneed deferred sales
561,899

 
531,768

 
396,264

Acquisitions (Divestitures) of businesses, net
2,357

 
(25,071
)
 
212,624

Net investment (losses) earnings(1)
(42,806
)
 
(22,378
)
 
201,941

Recognized deferred preneed revenue
(504,064
)
 
(493,739
)
 
(386,632
)
Change in cancellation allowance
(8,048
)
 
3,833

 
18,358

Change in deferred preneed receipts held in trust
52,050

 
55,636

 
(298,337
)
Effect of foreign currency and other
(3,768
)
 
(3,943
)
 
10,909

Ending balance — Deferred preneed cemetery revenue
$
1,120,001

 
$
1,062,381

 
$
1,016,275

(1)
Includes both realized and unrealized investment (losses) earnings.