Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill for our funeral and cemetery reporting units are as follows: (in thousands):



	2014									2013
	Funeral			Cemetery			Total			Funeral			Cemetery			Total
	(in thousands)
Balance as of January 1,	$	1,526,011		$	299,710		$	1,825,721		$	1,248,316		$	43,078		$	1,291,394

Increase in goodwill related to acquisitions	292			3,238			3,530			318,202			258,659			576,861
Reduction of goodwill related to divestitures	(5,959		)	(2,960		)	(8,919		)	(31,844		)	(2,027		)	(33,871		)
Effect of foreign currency and other	(9,465		)	(14		)	(9,479		)	(8,663		)	—			(8,663		)
Activity	(15,132		)	264			(14,868		)	277,695			256,632			534,327

Balance as of December 31,	$	1,510,879		$	299,974		$	1,810,853		$	1,526,011		$	299,710		$	1,825,721

The components of intangible assets at December 31 were as follows:



	Useful life
	Minimum		Maximum	2014		2013
	(Years)			(In thousands)
Amortizing intangibles:
Covenants-not-to-compete	2	-	20	$	209,920	$	217,758
Customer relationships	10	-	20	148,351		151,427
Tradenames	5	-	5	12,750		12,750
Other	5	-	40	11,927		17,027
				382,948		398,962
Less: Accumulated amortization				220,682		227,119
Amortizing intangibles, net				162,266		171,843

Non-amortizing intangibles:
Tradenames			Indefinite	220,875		215,135
Other			Indefinite	10,640		11,640
Non-amortizing intangibles				231,515		226,775

Intangible assets, net				$	393,781	$	398,618

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $36.6 million, $21.9 million, and $23.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. The following is estimated amortization expense, excluding certain intangibles for which we are unable to provide an estimate because they are amortized based on specific identification in the performance of a preneed contract, for the five years subsequent to December 31, 2014 (in thousands):



2015	$	9,946
2016	$	9,206
2017	$	7,484
2018	$	6,627
2019	$	4,144