UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended May 2, 2015
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File No. 1-12302
Barnes & Noble, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter)
Delaware | 06-1196501 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
122 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY | 10011 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (212) 633-3300
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Class |
Name of Exchange on which registered | |
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share |
New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (Section 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer x | Accelerated filer ¨ | Non-accelerated filer ¨ | Smaller reporting company ¨ | |||
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $1,039,691,891 based upon the closing market price of $21.82 per share of Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange as of November 1, 2014.
As of May 31, 2015, 64,077,165 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, were outstanding, which number includes 43,160 shares of unvested restricted stock that have voting rights and are held by members of the Board of Directors and the Companys employees.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrants Proxy Statement for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III.
Portions of the Registrants Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2015 are incorporated by reference into Parts II and IV.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report on Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking statements (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) and information relating to Barnes & Noble that are based on the beliefs of the management of Barnes & Noble as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the management of Barnes & Noble. When used in this communication, the words anticipate, believe, estimate, expect, intend, plan, will, forecasts, projections, and similar expressions, as they relate to Barnes & Noble or the management of Barnes & Noble, identify forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect the current views of Barnes & Noble with respect to future events, the outcome of which is subject to certain risks, including, among others, the general economic environment and consumer spending patterns, decreased consumer demand for Barnes & Nobles products, low growth or declining sales and net income due to various factors, possible disruptions in Barnes & Nobles computer systems, telephone systems or supply chain, possible risks associated with data privacy, information security and intellectual property, possible work stoppages or increases in labor costs, possible increases in shipping rates or interruptions in shipping service, effects of competition, possible risks that inventory in channels of distribution may be larger than able to be sold, possible risks associated with changes in the strategic direction of the device business, including possible reduction in sales of content, accessories and other merchandise and other adverse financial impacts, possible risk that component parts will be rendered obsolete or otherwise not be able to be effectively utilized in devices to be sold, possible risk that financial and operational forecasts and projections are not achieved, possible risk that returns from consumers or channels of distribution may be greater than estimated, the risk that digital sales growth is less than expectations and the risk that it does not exceed the rate of investment spend, higher-than-anticipated store closing or relocation costs, higher interest rates, the performance of Barnes & Nobles online, digital and other initiatives, the success of Barnes & Nobles strategic investments, unanticipated increases in merchandise, component or occupancy costs, unanticipated adverse litigation results or effects, product and component shortages, risks associated with NOOK Digital, LLCs (NOOK Digital) commercial agreement with Samsung Electronics America, Inc. (Samsung), the effect of the proposed separation of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. (including with respect to the timing of the completion thereof), the potential adverse impact on Barnes & Nobles businesses resulting from Barnes & Nobles prior reviews of strategic alternatives, the risk that the transactions with Pearson plc (Pearson) and Samsung do not achieve the expected benefits for the parties or impose costs on Barnes & Noble in excess of what Barnes & Noble anticipates, including the risk that NOOK Digitals applications are not commercially successful or that the expected distribution of those applications is not achieved, the risks associated with the international expansion previously undertaken, including any risks associated with a reduction of international operations following termination of the Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft) commercial agreement, the risk that NOOK Digital is not able to perform its obligations under the Pearson and Samsung commercial agreements and the consequences thereof, the risks associated with the termination of the Microsoft commercial agreement, including potential customer losses, the risk that Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. and its subsidiaries do not continue to grow, including the risk that their growth rate declines, the risk of possible delays in the launch of our higher education digital products, the risks associated with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) investigation and associated risks, and other factors which may be outside of Barnes & Nobles control, including those factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, Risk Factors, and in Barnes & Nobles other filings made hereafter from time to time with the SEC. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results or outcomes may vary materially from those described as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned. Subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to Barnes & Noble or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this paragraph. Barnes & Noble undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this Form 10-K.
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ITEM 1. | BUSINESS |
General
Barnes & Noble, Inc. (Barnes & Noble or the Company), one of the nations largest booksellers,1 is a leading content, commerce and technology company providing customers easy and convenient access to trade books, textbooks, magazines, newspapers and other content across its multi-channel distribution platform. As of May 2, 2015, the Company operates 1,372 bookstores in 50 states, including 724 bookstores on college campuses, operates one of the Webs largest eCommerce sites and develops digital reading products and operates one of the largest digital bookstores. Given the dynamic nature of the book industry, the challenges faced by traditional booksellers, and the robust innovation pipeline fueling new opportunities in hardware, software and content creation and delivery, Barnes & Noble is utilizing the strength of its retail footprint to bolster its leadership in selling content to drive sales across its multiple channels.
Of the 1,372 bookstores, Barnes & Noble Retail (B&N Retail) operates 648 retail bookstores, primarily under the Barnes & Noble Booksellers trade name, and includes the Companys eCommerce site. Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, LLC (B&N College) operates 724 college bookstores at colleges and universities across the United States, of which 154 stores are co-branded with the universities names and Barnes & Noble name. B&N Retail also includes Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. (Sterling or Sterling Publishing), a leader in general trade book publishing. The NOOK segment represents the Companys digital business, offering digital books and magazines for sale and consumption through the web, NOOK®2 reading devices, co-branded NOOK devices and reading software for iOS, Android and Windows 8. The Company employed approximately 33,000 full and part-time employees as of May 2, 2015. Including seasonal and temporary employees, the Company employed approximately 41,000 employees as of May 2, 2015.
The Companys principal business is the sale of trade books (generally hardcover and paperback consumer titles), mass market paperbacks (such as mystery, romance, science fiction and other popular fiction), childrens books, eBooks and other digital content, textbooks and course-related materials, NOOK® and related accessories, bargain books, magazines, gifts, emblematic apparel and gifts, school and dorm supplies, café products and services, educational toys & games, music and movies direct to customers through its bookstores or on barnesandnoble.com. The Company also offers a textbook rental option to its customers, digital textbooks and other course materials through a proprietary digital platform (YuzuTM). The Company offers its customers a full suite of textbook optionsnew, used, digital and rental.
To address dynamic changes in the book selling industry, Barnes & Noble has transformed its business from a store-based model to a multi-channel model centered on its retail stores, Internet and digital commerce. The Company offers readers the option of store visits, eCommerce, and digital delivery of books to devices of their choosing, including the NOOK® branded and co-branded tablets and eReaders.
1 | Based upon sales reported in trade publications and public filings. |
2 | Any reference to NOOK® include the Companys Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® 7.0 and 10.1 devices and NOOK GlowLightTM, and each of which includes the trademark symbol (® or , as applicable) even if a trademark symbol is not included. |
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Barnes & Nobles strategy is to:
| utilize the strong Barnes & Noble brand and retail footprint to attract customers to its multi-channel platform; |
| expand its distribution channels through strategic partnerships with world-class hardware and software companies and retail partners; |
| drive content sales through the web, NOOK® Readers and 3rd party devices; |
| use its infrastructure to deliver digital content to customers; and |
| continue to grow campus partnerships including store locations and students served while continuing its investment in the digital higher education business. |
The Company has a multi-channel marketing strategy that deploys various merchandising programs and promotional activities to drive traffic to both its stores and website. At the center of this program is the Companys website, barnesandnoble.com.
Separation of B&N Education, Inc.
On February 26, 2015, Barnes & Noble announced plans for the legal and structural separation of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. (Barnes & Noble Education or B&N Education) (formerly known as NOOK Media Inc.) from Barnes & Noble into an independent public company (the Spin-Off).
This Spin-Off is expected to be executed by means of a pro-rata distribution of B&N Educations common stock to Barnes & Nobles existing shareholders and is expected to be a non-taxable event for Barnes & Noble and its shareholders.
The distribution of B&N Educations common stock to Barnes & Noble shareholders is conditioned on, among other things, final approval of the Spin-Off plan by the Barnes & Noble Board of Directors; the receipt of opinions from external legal counsel and KPMG LLP to Barnes & Noble, confirming the tax-free status of the Spin-Off for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) declaring effective the Registration Statement, which was filed on a Registration Statement on Form S-1 with the SEC on February 26, 2015, which has been amended on April 29, 2015 and June 4, 2015.
History of B&N Education, Inc.
On September 30, 2009, Barnes & Noble acquired Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, LLC (B&N College) from Leonard and Louise Riggio. From that date until October 4, 2012, B&N College was wholly owned by Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. B&N Education was initially incorporated under the name NOOK Media Inc. in July 2012 to hold Barnes & Nobles B&N College and NOOK digital businesses. On October 4, 2012, Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft) acquired a 17.6% non-controlling preferred membership interest in B&N Educations subsidiary B&N Education, LLC (formerly NOOK Media LLC) (the LLC), and through B&N Education, Barnes & Noble maintained an 82.4% controlling interest of the B&N College and NOOK digital businesses.
On January 22, 2013, Pearson Education, Inc. (Pearson) acquired a 5% non-controlling preferred membership interest in the LLC, entered into a commercial agreement with the LLC relating to the B&N College business and received warrants to purchase an additional preferred membership interest in the LLC.
On December 4, 2014, B&N Education re-acquired Microsofts interest in the LLC in exchange for cash and common stock of Barnes & Noble and the Microsoft commercial agreement was terminated effective as of such date. On December 22, 2014, B&N Education also re-acquired Pearsons interest in the LLC and certain related warrants previously issued to Pearson. In connection with these transactions, Barnes & Noble entered into contingent payment agreements with Microsoft and Pearson providing for
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additional payments upon the occurrence of certain events, including upon a sale of the NOOK digital business. As a result of these transactions, Barnes & Noble owns, and will own prior to the Spin-Off, 100% of B&N Education.
On May 1, 2015, B&N Education distributed to Barnes & Noble all of the membership interests in B&N Educations NOOK digital business. As a result, B&N Education ceased to own any interest in the NOOK digital business, which will remain a wholly owned subsidiary of Barnes & Noble.
The Company expects that the completion of the potential separation of the Companys businesses could occur by the end of August 2015, although there can be no assurances regarding the timing of such potential separation or that such separation will be completed.
In connection with the closing of the acquisition of B&N College, the Company issued the sellers (i) a senior subordinated note in the principal amount of $100.0 million, with interest of 8% per annum payable on the unpaid principal amount, which was paid on December 15, 2010 in accordance with its scheduled date, and (ii) a junior subordinated note (the Junior Seller Note) in the principal amount of $150.0 million, payable in full on the fifth anniversary of the closing of the acquisition, with interest of 10% per annum payable on the unpaid principal amount. Pursuant to a settlement agreed to on June 13, 2012, the sellers waived their right to receive $22.8 million in principal amount (and interest on such principal amount) of the Junior Seller Note. The net short-term payable of $127.3 million was paid in September 2014, in accordance with its terms.
Samsung Commercial Agreement
On June 4, 2014, NOOK Digital, LLC (NOOK Digital) (formerly barnesandnoble.com llc), a wholly owned subsidiary of B&N Education as of such date and a subsidiary of Barnes & Noble, entered into a commercial agreement (Agreement) with Samsung Electronics America, Inc. (Samsung) relating to tablets.
Pursuant to the Agreement, NOOK Digital, after good faith consultations with Samsung and subject to Samsungs agreement, selected Samsung tablet devices under development to be customized and co-branded by NOOK Digital. Such devices are produced by Samsung. The co-branded NOOK® tablet devices are sold by NOOK Digital through Barnes & Noble retail stores, www.barnesandnoble.com, www.nook.com and other Barnes & Noble and NOOK Media websites. NOOK Digital and Samsung agreed to develop co-branded Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® tablets as the initial co-branded devices pursuant to the Agreement.
Under the Agreement, NOOK Digital committed to purchase a minimum of 1,000,000 NOOK-Samsung co-branded devices from Samsung within 12 months after the launch of the initial co-branded device, which launch occurred on August 20, 2014. The 12-month period was automatically extended by three months due to the quantity of sales of such co-branded devices through December 31, 2014, and the period was further extended until June 30, 2016 by an amendment executed by the parties on March 7, 2015.
NOOK Digital and Samsung have agreed to coordinate customer service for the co-branded NOOK® devices and have both agreed to a license of intellectual property to promote and market the devices. Additionally, Samsung has agreed to fund a marketing fund for the co-branded NOOK® devices at the initial launch and for the duration of the Agreement.
The Agreement has a two-year term, with certain termination rights, including termination (i) by NOOK Digital for a Samsung material default; (ii) by Samsung for a NOOK Digital material default; (iii) by NOOK Digital if Samsung fails to meet its shipping and delivery obligations in any material respect on a timely basis; and (iv) by either party upon insolvency or bankruptcy of the other party.
The companies introduced the Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® in a 7-inch version in the U.S. in August 2014 and a 10-inch version in October 2014. The co-branded device combines the popular
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Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 hardware with customized NOOK® software to give customers powerful, full-featured tablets that are designed for reading, with easy access to Barnes & Nobles expansive digital collection of approximately four million eBooks, digital magazines and newspapers.
Series J Preferred Shares
On August 18, 2011, the Company entered into an investment agreement between the Company and Liberty GIC, Inc. (Liberty) pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to Liberty, and Liberty purchased, 204,000 shares of the Companys Series J Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (Preferred Stock), for an aggregate purchase price of $204.0 million in a private placement exempt from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act. The shares of Preferred Stock will be convertible, at the option of the holders, into shares of Common Stock, representing 16.6% of the Common Stock outstanding as of August 29, 2011, (after giving pro forma effect to the issuance of the Preferred Stock), based on the initial conversion rate. The initial conversion rate reflects an initial conversion price of $17.00 and is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. The initial dividend rate for the Preferred Stock is equal to 7.75% per annum of the initial liquidation preference of the Preferred Stock to be paid quarterly and subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.
On April 8, 2014, Liberty sold the majority of its shares to qualified institutional buyers in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act and has retained an approximate 10 percent stake of its initial investment. As a result, Liberty will no longer have the right to elect two preferred stock directors to the Companys Board. Additionally, the consent rights and pre-emptive rights to which Liberty was previously entitled ceased to apply.
On June 5, 2015, the Company entered into conversion agreements with five existing beneficial owners (Series J Holders) of its Preferred Stock, pursuant to which each of the Series J Holders has agreed to convert (Conversion) shares of Preferred Stock it beneficially owns into shares of the Companys common stock, par value $.001 per share (Company Common Stock), and will in addition receive a cash payment from the Company in connection with the Conversion. The Series J Holders have agreed to convert an aggregate of 103,995 shares of Preferred Stock into 6,117,347 shares of Company Common Stock in the Conversion, and the Company has agreed to make an aggregate cash payment to the Series J Holders of $8.1 million plus cash in lieu of fractional shares in connection with the Conversion, in each case, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. The Company expects to issue the shares of Company Common Stock to be issued in the Conversion on or about July 9, 2015.
The number of shares of Company Common Stock to be issued was determined based on a conversion ratio of 58.8235 shares of Company Common Stock per share of Preferred Stock converted, which is the conversion rate in the Certificate of the Designations with respect to the Preferred Stock dated as of August 18, 2011.
The Company will issue the shares of Company Common Stock in a transaction exempt from registration pursuant to Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The shares of Preferred Stock converted in the Conversion will be retired by the Company.
The Company believes the Conversion and the associated transactions are in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders as they will reduce ongoing Preferred Stock dividend obligations and are a step toward simplifying the Companys capital structure (and the capital structure of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. following a separation).
The Company was incorporated in Delaware in 1986.
Segments
The Company identifies its operating segments based on the way the business is managed (focusing on the financial information distributed) and the manner in which the chief operating decision maker interacts with other members of management. The Companys three operating segments are: B&N Retail, B&N College and NOOK.
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B&N Retail
This segment includes 648 bookstores as of May 2, 2015, primarily under the Barnes & Noble Booksellers trade name. Barnes & Noble bookstores generally offer a dedicated NOOK® area, a comprehensive trade book title base, a café, and departments dedicated to Juvenile, Toys & Games, DVDs, Music, Gift, Magazine and Bargain products. The stores also offer a calendar of ongoing events, including author appearances and childrens activities. The B&N Retail segment also includes the Companys eCommerce website, barnesandnoble.com, and its publishing operation, Sterling Publishing.
Barnes & Noble stores range in size from 3,000 to 60,000 square feet depending upon market size, with an overall average store size of 26,000 square feet. In fiscal 2015, the Company reduced the Barnes & Noble store base by approximately 271,000 square feet, bringing the total square footage to 17.1 million square feet, a net reduction of 1.6% from fiscal 2014. The Company did not open any new Barnes & Noble stores in fiscal 2015.
The Company believes that the key elements contributing to the success of B&N Retail are:
Proximity to Customers. The Companys strategy has been to increase its share of the consumer book market, as well as to increase the size of the market through a market clustering strategy. As of May 2, 2015, Barnes & Noble had stores in 161 of the total 210 Designated Market Area markets. In 67 of the 161 markets, the Company has only one Barnes & Noble store. The Company believes its bookstores proximity to its customers strengthens its market position and increases the value of its brand. Most Barnes & Noble stores are located in high-traffic areas with convenient access to major commercial thoroughfares and ample parking. Most stores offer extended shopping hours seven days a week.
Extensive Title Selection. Each Barnes & Noble store features an authoritative selection of books, ranging from 22,000 to 164,000 titles. The comprehensive title selection is diverse and reflects local interests and regional titles and authors works. Bestsellers typically represent between approximately 4% and 6% of Barnes & Noble store sales. Complementing this extensive on-site selection, all Barnes & Noble stores provide customers with access to the millions of books available to online shoppers at barnesandnoble.com while offering an option to have the book sent to the store or shipped directly to the customer. The website additionally allows customers to purchase over four million eBooks, newspapers and magazines. The Company believes that its tremendous selection, including many otherwise hard-to-find titles, builds customer loyalty.
Store Design and Ambiance. Many of the Barnes & Noble stores create a comfortable atmosphere with ample public space, a café offering, among other things, sandwiches and bakery items, and public restrooms. The cafés, for which the Starbucks Corporation is the sole provider of coffee products, foster the image of the stores as a community meeting place. In addition, the Company continues to develop and introduce new product line extensions, such as proprietary gifts, and Barnes & Noble @ School, providing education tools for teachers, librarians and parents. These offerings and services have helped to make many of the stores neighborhood institutions.
NOOK® Boutique/Counter. The Company is utilizing its traditional retail bookstores to promote NOOK® via NOOK counters, NOOK Boutiques, and NOOK Digital Shops within the bookstores. These dedicated areas provide customers the ability to see, feel, and experiment with NOOK®, speak to knowledgeable booksellers, and receive pre- and post-sales customer support. The retail bookstores also host monthly workshops for new and experienced NOOK® users on a variety of topics. The Company offers NOOK® owners Always Free NOOK® Support in all of its retail bookstores, as well as free Wi-Fi
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connectivity to enjoy the Read In Store feature to read NOOK Books for free, and the More In Store program, which offers free, exclusive content and special promotions. These acclaimed devices, which provide a fun, easy-to-use and immersive reading experience, include the Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® 7.0 and 10.1 devices and NOOK GlowLight. The NOOK® devices have also opened up an additional market for NOOK® related accessories such as stands, covers, lights, and other items. Through our NOOK in Education program, the retail bookstores provide support and service to schools and educators who deploy NOOK in their classrooms.
Educational Toys & Games Department. Barnes & Noble continues to expand in the educational toys and games category with a uniquely curated offering of best in class product from around the world. With its focus on education, customers can browse and engage in monthly hands-on learning events celebrating self expression through arts and crafts, critical thinking skills through construction, even exploring scientific discoveries. The Educational Toys & Games Department at Barnes & Noble offers an experiential retail space where parents and gift-givers can shop in three distinct ways: by brand, by category and by age.
Specialty Games, Hobby & Collectibles. Barnes & Noble, in recognition of its customers interests, passions and pastimes has expanded and will continue to explore the specialty, hobby, craft and collectibles category bringing a recognizable, authentic merchandising assortment together to compliment its growing specialty games and puzzle area.
Music and Movies & TV Departments. Many of the Barnes & Noble stores have Music and Movies & TV departments, which offer CDs, Vinyl LPs, DVDs and Blu-ray discs. These departments range in size from approximately 300 to 8,000 square feet and typically stock over 12,000 titles. The Companys DVD and Blu-ray selection focuses on current and classic movies, documentaries, fitness and instructional titles, British TV series and movies, and foreign films. The music selection is tailored to the tastes of the Companys customers, centering on classical music, jazz, pop rock, and show tunes. The Company also offers a strong selection of Vinyl titles, available in all stores, along with turntables.
Discount Pricing. Barnes & Noble stores employ an aggressive nationwide discount pricing strategy. The current pricing is 30% off publishers suggested retail prices for hardcover bestsellers in stores every day. In addition, the Company offers special value promotions throughout the year including Buy 2, Get the 3rd Free promotions on trade paperbacks and kids books, special value purchase-with-purchase promotions in kids books and toys & games, and up to 40% off promotions on DVDs & Blu-ray. The Barnes & Noble Member Program offers members greater discounts and other benefits for products and services as well as exclusive offers and promotions via email or direct mail. Barnesandnoble.com also utilizes a competitive model that includes everyday low pricing as well as various promotional offerings designed for members and non-members alike and enables the Company to offer better value to its customers.
The Barnes & Noble Kids Club Program offers free rewards and special offers to participants and invites children to celebrate their birthday within the retail bookstores.
Community Business Development. The Companys retail bookstores host a variety of national and local events which feature the many products and services it offers. Each store plans its own community-based calendar of events, including author appearances, childrens storytimes, poetry readings and book discussion groups. In addition, the Company hosts a number of national campaigns around various themes or audiences such as Get Pop-Cultured with Barnes & Noble, Summer Reading, My Favorite Teacher Essay Contest, Educator Appreciation Days and the annual Holiday Book Drive which provides books to at risk children in the communities we serve. The Company also provides fund-raising opportunities through its bookfair program for schools and local non-profit arts and literacy organizations, as well as a Holiday Gift Wrap program which allows non-profit organizations to gain exposure and raise funds while wrapping gifts inside the stores. The Company believes its community business development program encourages customer loyalty, drives sales and traffic into its stores and provides positive publicity and media coverage.
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Merchandising and Marketing. The Companys merchandising strategy for its Barnes & Noble stores is to be the authoritative community bookstore carrying an extensive selection of titles in all subjects, including an extensive selection of titles from small independent publishers and university presses. Each Barnes & Noble store features an extensive selection of books from 22,000 to 164,000 unique titles, of which approximately 28,000 titles are common to virtually all stores. Each store is tailored to reflect the lifestyles and interests of the areas customers.
Product Master, the Companys proprietary inventory management database, has approximately 16.0 million titles. It includes approximately 6.6 million active titles and provides each store with comprehensive title selections. By enhancing the Companys existing merchandise replenishment systems, Product Master allows the Company to achieve high in-stock positions and productivity at the store level through efficiencies in receiving, cashiering and returns processing. Complementing this extensive on-site selection, all Barnes & Noble stores provide customers with access to the millions of books available to online shoppers at barnesandnoble.com while offering an option to have the book sent to the store or shipped directly to the customer.
The Company has a multi-channel eCommerce marketing strategy that deploys various merchandising programs and promotional activities to drive traffic to both its stores and website. At the center of this eCommerce program is the Companys website, barnesandnoble.com. In this way, the website serves as both the Companys direct-to-home delivery service and as an important broadcast channel and advertising medium for the Barnes & Noble brand. For example, the online store locator at barnesandnoble.com receives millions of customer visits each year providing store hours, directions, information about author events and other in-store activities. Similarly, in Barnes & Noble stores, NOOK® customers can access free Wi-Fi connectivity, enjoy the Read In Store feature to browse many complete eBooks for free, and the More In Store program, which offers free, exclusive content and special promotions. The Company is scheduled to launch its new eCommerce website in June 2015. The new website is expected to have better search capabilities, improved user experience and yield cost savings to the Company. The Company believes that the new website will allow it to be more competitive in the marketplace and continue to be a valuable resource for its customers, whether they would like their purchased products shipped to their homes or made available for pick up in the stores.
Another example of a multi-channel initiative is the Barnes & Noble MasterCard®, a co-brand credit card issued by Barclays Bank Delaware. Holders of the Barnes & Noble MasterCard® receive an additional 5% rebate for all purchases made in Barnes & Noble stores or at barnesandnoble.com. In addition, points are accumulated for purchases made elsewhere, and are redeemed for Barnes & Noble gift cards, which can be used for purchases in either channel. The Company believes that its website complements its bookstores in many ways. It not only serves as a marketing tool, it offers convenient shopping alternatives for its customers.
Store Locations and Properties. The Companys experienced real estate personnel select sites for new Barnes & Noble stores after an extensive review of demographic data and other information relating to market potential, bookstore visibility and access, available parking, surrounding businesses, compatible nearby tenants, competition and the location of other Barnes & Noble stores. Most stores are located in high-visibility areas adjacent to main traffic corridors in strip shopping centers, freestanding buildings and regional shopping malls. The real estate personnel continue to focus on renegotiating leases as they expire.
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The B&N Retail segment includes 648 bookstores as of May 2, 2015, primarily under the Barnes & Noble Booksellers trade name. The number of Barnes & Noble stores located in each state and the District of Columbia as of May 2, 2015 is listed below:
STATE |
NUMBER |
STATE |
NUMBER OF STORES | |||
Alabama | 7 | Missouri | 12 | |||
Alaska | 2 | Montana | 4 | |||
Arizona | 15 | Nebraska | 4 | |||
Arkansas | 5 | Nevada | 4 | |||
California | 72 | New Hampshire | 4 | |||
Colorado | 16 | New Jersey | 24 | |||
Connecticut | 12 | New Mexico | 3 | |||
Delaware | 2 | New York | 41 | |||
District of Columbia | 1 | North Carolina | 21 | |||
Florida | 41 | North Dakota | 3 | |||
Georgia | 19 | Ohio | 18 | |||
Hawaii | 2 | Oklahoma | 5 | |||
Idaho | 3 | Oregon | 7 | |||
Illinois | 28 | Pennsylvania | 26 | |||
Indiana | 12 | Rhode Island | 3 | |||
Iowa | 7 | South Carolina | 10 | |||
Kansas | 4 | South Dakota | 1 | |||
Kentucky | 7 | Tennessee | 8 | |||
Louisiana | 7 | Texas | 51 | |||
Maine | 1 | Utah | 10 | |||
Maryland | 13 | Vermont | 1 | |||
Massachusetts | 17 | Virginia | 24 | |||
Michigan | 20 | Washington | 18 | |||
Minnesota | 17 | West Virginia | 1 | |||
Mississippi | 3 | Wisconsin | 11 | |||
Wyoming | 1 |
Sterling Publishing
Sterling Publishing is a leading publisher of non-fiction trade titles. Founded in 1949, Sterling publishes a wide range of non-fiction and illustrated books and kits across a variety of imprints, in categories such as health & wellness, music & popular culture, food & wine, crafts & photography, puzzles & games and history & current affairs, as well as a large childrens line. Sterling, with a solid backlist and robust value publishing program, has a title base of approximately 16,000 eBooks and print books. In addition, Sterling also distributes approximately 800 titles on behalf of client publishers.
Operations
The Company has seasoned management teams for its retail stores, including those for real estate, merchandising and store operations. Field management includes regional vice presidents and district managers supervising multiple store locations.
The Barnes & Noble management team is led by experienced management in both traditional product lines and in digital eCommerce. The Barnes & Noble management team employs highly skilled professionals with both media expertise and supply chain management skills. This combination ensures a positive customer experience regardless of a customers preference for a physical product or a digital one.
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Each Barnes & Noble store generally employs a store manager, two assistant store managers, two merchandise managers, a café manager, a receiving manager and approximately 30 full- and part-time booksellers. Many Barnes & Noble stores also employ a full-time community relations manager. The large employee base provides the Company with experienced booksellers to fill new positions in the Companys Barnes & Noble stores. The Company anticipates that a significant percentage of the personnel required to manage its stores will continue to come from within its existing operations.
Field management for all of the Companys bookstores, including regional vice presidents, district managers and store managers, participate in an incentive program tied to store productivity. The Company believes that the compensation of its field management is competitive with that offered by other specialty retailers of comparable size.
Barnes & Noble has in-store training programs providing specific information needed for success at each level, beginning with the entry-level positions of bookseller. District managers participate in annual training and merchandising conferences. Store managers are generally responsible for training other booksellers and employees in accordance with detailed procedures and guidelines prescribed by the Company utilizing a blended learning approach, including on-the-job training, eLearning, facilitator-led training and training aids available at each bookstore.
Purchasing
Barnes & Nobles buyers negotiate costs on select items, marketing funds, promotional discounts and cooperative advertising allowances with publishers and other suppliers for barnesandnoble.com and all of the Companys bookstores. The Companys distribution centers enable it to maximize available discounts and enhance its ability to create marketing programs with many of its vendors. The Company has buyers who specialize in customizing inventory for bookselling in stores and online. Store inventories are further customized by store managers, who may respond to local demand by purchasing a limited amount of fast-selling titles through a nationwide wholesaling network, including the Companys distribution centers.
The Companys B&N Retail segment purchases physical books on a regular basis from over 600 publishers and over 50 wholesalers or distributors. Purchases from the top five suppliers (including publishers, wholesalers and distributors) accounted for approximately 65% of the B&N Retails book purchases during fiscal 2015, and no single supplier accounted for more than 30% of B&N Retails book purchases during this period. Consistent with industry practice, a substantial majority of the physical book purchases are returnable for full credit, a practice which substantially reduces the Companys risk of inventory obsolescence.
Publishers periodically offer their excess inventory in the form of remainder books to book retailers and wholesalers through an auction process which generally favors booksellers such as the Company, who are able to buy substantial quantities. These books are generally purchased in large quantities at favorable prices and are then sold to consumers at significant discounts off publishers list prices.
Distribution
The Company has invested significant capital in its systems and technology by building new platforms, implementing new software applications and building and maintaining efficient distribution centers. This investment has enabled the Company to source a majority of its inventory through its own distribution centers, resulting in direct buying from vendors rather than wholesalers. Using the Companys own distribution centers rather than wholesalers, lowers distribution costs per unit, increases inventory turns, and improves product margins. The Companys distribution centers 3-prong strategy: (1) Accelerating
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speed to market, (2) improving order quality (on-time, complete and damage free) and (3) reducing costs has improved just-in-time deliveries to stores as well as deliveries to the Companys customers on orders placed via the Barnes & Noble website and through the Companys in-store order network.
As of May 2, 2015, the Company has approximately 1,884,000 square feet of distribution center capacity. The Company has an approximately 1,145,000 square foot distribution center in Monroe Township, New Jersey, which ships merchandise to stores throughout the country and to online customers. The Company also has an approximately 600,000 square foot distribution center in Reno, Nevada, which is used to facilitate distribution to stores and online customers in the western United States. The Company also had approximately 139,000 square feet of distribution center capacity for facilitating sales by Sterling Publishing to third-parties. Subsequent to May 2, 2015, the Company has closed its Sterling Publishing distribution center and is utilizing a third-party distribution partner for Sterling product.
Information Technologies
The Company has focused a majority of its information technology resources on strategically positioning and implementing systems to support store operations, online technology requirements, merchandising, distribution, marketing and finance.
BookMaster, the Companys proprietary bookstore inventory management system which is a sub-system of Product Master, integrates point-of-sale features that utilize a proprietary data-warehouse based replenishment system. BookMaster enhances communications and real-time access to the Companys network of bookstores, distribution centers and wholesalers. In addition, the implementation of just-in-time replenishment has provided for more rapid replenishment of books to all of the Companys bookstores, resulting in higher in-stock positions and better productivity at the bookstore level through efficiencies in receiving, cashiering and returns processing.
The Company continues to implement systems to improve efficiencies in back office processing in the human resources, finance and merchandising areas.
The Company believes that it has built a leading interactive eCommerce platform that is scheduled to launch in June 2015, and plans to continue to invest in technologies that will enable it to offer its customers the more convenient and user-friendly online shopping experience. B&N Retail has licensed existing commercial technology when available and has focused its internal development efforts on those proprietary systems necessary to provide the highest level of service to its customers. The overall mix of technologies and applications allows the Company to support a distributed, scalable and secure eCommerce environment.
The Company uses Intel®-based server technology in a fully redundant configuration to power its current website, which is hosted in two locations. At these locations, the Company maintains computers that store its web pages in electronic form and transmits them to requesting users (known as hosting). The Company utilizes two hosting locations. Both locations are hosted internally by the Company. Either site has sufficient capacity to support the volume of traffic directed toward the Companys website during peak periods. Both hosting locations are configured with excess Internet telecommunications capacity to ensure quick response time and use three separate Internet service providers. By maintaining redundant host locations, the Company has significantly reduced its exposure to downtime and service outages. Additionally, the Company believes its technology investments are scalable.
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Competition
The book business is highly competitive in every channel in which Barnes & Noble operates. B&N Retail stores compete primarily on the quality of the shopping and store experience and the price and availability of products. The importance of price varies depending on the competitor, with some of Barnes & Nobles competitors engaging in significant discounting and other promotional activities. B&N Retail competes with other bookstores, including Books-A-Million. It also faces competition from many online businesses, notably Amazon.com and Apple. Increases in consumer spending via the Internet may significantly affect its ability to generate sales in B&N Retail stores. B&N Retail also faces competition from mass merchandisers, such as Costco, Target and Wal-Mart. Some of the Companys competitors have greater financial and other resources and different business strategies than B&N Retail does. B&N Retail stores also compete with specialty retail stores that offer books in particular subject areas, independent store operators, variety discounters, drug stores, warehouse clubs, mail-order clubs and other retailers offering books, music, toys, games, gifts and other products in its market segments.
The music and movie businesses are also highly competitive and the Company faces competition from mass merchants, discounters and electronic distribution. The store experience is geared towards the Companys customer base, including a strong BluRay presence as well as a tailored, returnable product assortment.
Seasonality
The B&N Retail business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal, with the major portion of sales and operating profit realized during its third fiscal quarter, which includes the holiday selling season.
Employees
The Company cultivates a culture of outgoing, helpful and knowledgeable employees. As of May 2, 2015, the B&N Retail segment had approximately 28,000 full- and part-time booksellers. The B&N Retail segments employees are not represented by unions, with the exception of 34 employees, and the Company believes that its relationship with its employees is generally excellent.
B&N College
As of May 2, 2015, B&N College operated 724 stores nationwide, of which 154 stores are co-branded with the universities names and Barnes & Noble name. These stores are operated under 453 contracts, which can cover multiple stores and include over 5 million students and faculty and alumni. B&N College generally operates its stores pursuant to multi-year management service agreements under which a school designates B&N College to operate the official school bookstore on campus. In turn, B&N College provides the school with regular payments that represent a percentage of store sales and, in some cases, include a minimum fixed guarantee.
B&N College is poised for continued growth with approximately 52% of college and university affiliated bookstores in the United States being operated by their respective educational institutions. B&N College believes it will grow by increasing market share through new account acquisition and create new opportunities through strategic planning and outreach with its existing accounts to exploit opportunities and grow market share on the campuses it serves.
B&N Colleges primary business strategies for growth are as follows:
Increase Sales at Existing Bookstores: B&N College intends to increase sales at its existing bookstores through new product offerings, enhanced marketing efforts using mobile and other
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technologies, increased local social and promotional offerings and expanded sales channels to both new customers and alumni. B&N College expects sales growth at its existing bookstores will be a driver for growth in its business.
Increase Market Share with New Accounts: Historically, new store openings have been an important driver of growth in B&N Colleges business. For example, B&N College increased the number of its stores from 647 at the beginning of Fiscal 2013 to 724 as of May 2, 2015. Moreover, B&N College operates bookstores representing only 18% of all college and university affiliated bookstores in the United States. As more and more universities decide to outsource the management of their bookstores, B&N College intends to aggressively pursue these opportunities and bid on these contracts. Based on the continuing trend towards outsourcing in the campus bookstore market, B&N College expects awards of new accounts resulting in new store openings will continue to be an important driver of future growth in its business. B&N College is in a unique position to offer academic superstores to colleges and universities.
Grow digital sales by accelerating marketing, product development efforts and the acquisition of content to support the Yuzu digital education product: Yuzu , B&N Colleges digital education platform, offers not only electronic reading and note-taking functionality but also engaging supplemental content that the Company provides in conjunction with strategic publisher partners. Accelerating the product development and content acquisition efforts for Yuzu will enable B&N College to access the growing educational technology market on a national level by leveraging its existing campus relationships with faculty and students. The Company believes that as textbooks continue to convert to digital and students and faculty demand increased functionality and content from their online platforms, the digital solutions B&N College offers through Yuzu will help grow digital sales both on a school-by-school basis in the institutions the Company serves and on a national basis.
Expand opportunities through acquisitions and strategic partnerships: B&N College believes that acquisitions and strategic partnerships will be a pillar of its growth strategy in the future. B&N College intends to pursue strategic relationships with companies that enhance its educational services or distribution platform or that create compelling content offerings. B&N College may expand its current suite of digital content offerings and platform through acquisitions, internal or third-party software development and strategic partnerships. Expansion into new educational verticals and markets, such as K-12, vocational and international markets, will be opportunistically evaluated.
B&N Colleges operating philosophy is to cement the campus bookstore as the students first choice for course materials and merchandise and deliver a dynamic and relevant retail social hub for students, faculty and the entire campus community that is a significant financial asset for its campus partners.
Customers
B&N Colleges three customer constituencies are students, faculty members and campus administrators. The B&N College customer base includes over 5 million students and faculty in 42 states and the District of Columbia.
To remain successful and fuel its continued growth, B&N Colleges business strategies are centered on creating retail and digital learning experiences that fully utilize the unique attributes and distinctive brands of every school it serves. B&N College creates captivating experiences that go beyond the traditional textbooks and school-spirit apparel purchases. B&N Colleges innovative expertise aims to draw all constituencies of the campus community closer together and closer to their school fueling connections and shopping loyalty that generate strong sales growth for its campus partners and maintain the long-term relevancy of the campus bookstore.
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B&N Colleges approach is rooted in building deep, long-lasting connections with every customer type it serves that translate into strong, predictable sales across course materials and general merchandise offerings. B&N Colleges distinctive operating philosophy is unmatched in this market and is at the core of how it differentiates its value to its customers by:
| Locally Empowered, Decentralized Management |
B&N College empowers its store managers with resources, authority and trust not only to cultivate relationships on a local level, but to make the best operational and purchasing decisions for their campus.
| Customer-First Culture |
B&N Colleges passion for service is driven by a spirit of collaboration. B&N College actively listens to the students and faculty it serves, and is deeply committed to understanding and delivering what they want and need.
| Innovators |
B&N College is fully committed to deepening its understanding of every customer constituency it serves through platforms such as B&N College StudentPOV, B&N College Faculty ePOV and B&N College Client Insight Panel. That commitment fuels its innovation and leadership in areas such as digital education with Yuzu, affordable course materials, and connecting with students and faculty to further expand B&N Colleges market share.
| Single Focus on Campus Retail |
Campus retail is B&N Colleges heritage. B&N College is dedicated to raising the level of its campus retail expertise, strategically focused on driving revenue and strengthening brand loyalty for its partners. B&N Colleges industry leading Next Gen retail strategies keep the campus bookstore a dynamic exciting retail destination.
Marketing Strategies
Proprietary research is foundational to all B&N College marketing strategies to achieve the greatest impact and return on all efforts. B&N College conducts research through B&N College StudentPOV, its proprietary community of thousands of engaged students from B&N College schools across the country. The platform is managed in partnership with Ypulse, a leading authority on youth culture.
B&N Colleges overall marketing strategies are designed to build relationships with students from their acceptance letter throughout graduation and their alumni years, creating customers for life. As B&N Colleges students live in the digital world, it uses digital marketing channels, email and various social media platforms, leveraging these channels to connect, engage and promote its bookstore offerings and promotions to drive traffic and sales. Students have overwhelmingly responded positively to these efforts with approximately 7 million actively engaged in B&N Colleges digital community, open and click through rates that exceed retail industry benchmarks. B&N Colleges digital marketing strategies, both through email and social media, are fully customized to the individual school brand and focused on customer acquisition, engagement and driving traffic and sales, both in store and online, including 609 custom and local Facebook pages as well as a student written blog, The College Juice. These campaigns support the lifecycle of students from freshman through Alumni, and drive awareness and loyalty for back to school, holiday, graduation, homecoming, game day and monthly general merchandise promotions.
B&N Colleges marketing team (BNCM) builds and maintains partnerships with companies such as Adobe, Zipcar, Verizon and Sony Playstation. The BNCM team is a leading full-service youth marketing agency that works in partnership with its network of 724 college bookstores and eCommerce sites to deliver a robust portfolio of marketing capabilities for brands looking to connect with the college consumer. It supports B&N Colleges mission to be a social hub and destination on campus with offerings and events geared toward the student audience.
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B&N College also leverages its advanced eCommerce platform to simplify the purchasing experience for its customers and drive textbook sales. B&N Colleges Registration Integration service enables students to reserve and order textbooks online at the time they enroll in a course. Approximately 67% of B&N Colleges stores actively utilize Registration Integration.
Store Locations
Traditional Bookstores. As of May 2, 2015, B&N College operated 688 bookstores in its traditional format, including state universities, private universities and community colleges. Select campuses include Kentucky Community and Technical College System, Penn State University, Texas A&M University, Washington State University, and California State University Los Angeles. The typical B&N College bookstore is located on campus in a location convenient to students and faculty.
Academic Superstores. As of May 2, 2015, B&N College operated 36 B&N College academic superstores at select major campuses, such as the University of Pennsylvania, Yale University, the College of William and Mary, Boston University, DePaul University, Vanderbilt University, and Georgia Institute of Technology. B&N College academic superstores offer universities an exciting establishment on their campuses and further enables B&N College to differentiate itself. B&N College academic superstores, include a café and carry a large selection of course-required textbooks, supplies, emblematic clothing and gifts, and trade and reference books. B&N College academic superstores are positioned in locations that attract customers from the neighborhood community as well as students and faculty from the university. They are open extended hours and have ongoing events such as author signings. These stores differ from traditional-format B&N College stores since the majority have a customer base that includes the general public and sales which are less dependent on course-required materials.
B&N College actively promotes and drives traffic to individual customized websites for the bookstores it manages. Students can choose to shop in the comfortable and inviting atmosphere of B&N Colleges bookstores, or they can opt to go to the virtual bookstore for their collegiate needs. Designed to appeal to faculty, students, alumni and parents, the sites offer simple textbook purchasing with free in store pick up, General Merchandise promotions and collections that are customized to the individual user, as well as faculty course material adoption tools and customer service support.
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The number of B&N College stores located in each state and the District of Columbia as of May 2, 2015, is listed below:
STATE |
NUMBER |
STATE |
NUMBER OF STORES | |||
Alabama | 18 | Missouri | 8 | |||
Arizona | 10 | Nevada | 2 | |||
Arkansas | 7 | New Hampshire | 4 | |||
California | 42 | New Jersey | 19 | |||
Colorado | 2 | New Mexico | 6 | |||
Connecticut | 5 | New York | 65 | |||
Delaware | 2 | North Carolina | 25 | |||
District of Columbia | 4 | North Dakota | 1 | |||
Florida | 44 | Ohio | 31 | |||
Georgia | 13 | Oklahoma | 5 | |||
Hawaii | 3 | Oregon | 4 | |||
Illinois | 20 | Pennsylvania | 63 | |||
Indiana | 14 | Rhode Island | 2 | |||
Iowa | 7 | South Carolina | 18 | |||
Kansas | 2 | South Dakota | 2 | |||
Kentucky | 31 | Tennessee | 11 | |||
Louisiana | 13 | Texas | 67 | |||
Maryland | 19 | Virginia | 20 | |||
Massachusetts | 29 | Washington | 17 | |||
Michigan | 36 | West Virginia | 11 | |||
Minnesota | 7 | Wisconsin | 6 | |||
Mississippi | 9 |
Operations
B&N College has seasoned management teams for its college bookstores, including those for marketing to prospective new accounts, merchandising and store operations. Field management includes territory vice presidents and regional managers supervising multiple store locations.
Each B&N College store generally employs a store manager and assistant store manager, a textbook manager and a range of full- and part-time booksellers, with the larger stores staffed with up to 70 employees. The large employee base provides the Company with experienced booksellers to fill positions in new B&N College stores. B&N College maintains a dynamic industry leading management development program, Leadership Edge, which delivers multi platform training to support continuous growth and development of all positions in its Field Leadership and Store Teams. In addition, over 220 student employees were selected to participate in The Bestseller Management Program, which generates a steady stream of knowledgeable retail professionals who are critical to support B&N College growth strategies. B&N College anticipates that a significant percentage of the talent required to manage its new stores will continue to come from within its existing operations.
Field management for all B&N College stores, including territory vice presidents, regional managers and store managers, participate in an incentive program tied to store productivity. B&N College believes that the compensation of its field management is competitive with that offered by other specialty retailers of comparable size.
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Merchandising and Inventory Management
B&N Colleges purchasing procedures vary by product type (textbooks or general merchandise). All purchases are made at the store level, with strategic corporate oversight, ensuring maximum sales volume on all inventory.
Textbooks continue to be a core mainstay of the B&N College business. B&N College currently serves the needs of 1 in 4 students enrolled in U.S. higher education institutions through cost-saving, flexible and innovative programs including:
| Textbook rentals: B&N College is the industry leader in textbook rentals and uses its sophisticated inventory management platforms to manage pricing and inventory across its 724 locations, driving substantial growth over the past three years. The majority of all titles students require were available for rent during the past academic year. These include custom course packs and adaptive learning materials, along with traditional textbook options. During fiscal 2015, B&N College began offering a convenient buyout option to allow the purchase of a rented book at the end of the semester. |
|
FacultyEnlightTM: FacultyEnlightTM is B&N Colleges proprietary online platform which provides content search, discovery and adoptions (textbook selection) by the faculty at the campuses it serves. |
| YuzuTM: Soft launched in the Spring of 2014, YuzuTM is an eReading and studying app that is the initial step for B&N Colleges education platform currently under development. Over the next two years, the YuzuTM eReading and studying app is planned to be just one component of a comprehensive educational ecosystem designed to meet the needs of students, faculty, institutions and publishers. |
After titles are adopted for an upcoming term, B&N College determines how much inventory it will need to purchase based on several factors, including student enrollment and the previous terms textbook sales histories. B&N College first uses its automated sourcing systems to determine if other B&N College stores have the necessary new or used books on hand and may transfer the inventory to the appropriate stores. After internal sourcing, B&N College purchases books from outside suppliers. As part of its contract with the particular institution, B&N College guarantees that it will order textbooks for all courses.
B&N Colleges primary suppliers of new textbooks include Pearson Education, Cengage Learning, McGraw-Hill, MPS, MBS Textbook Exchange, Inc. (MBS), and John Wiley & Sons. B&N Colleges primary suppliers of used textbooks are students, returns of previously rented books and MBS. The stores offer a cash for books program in which students can sell their books back to the store at the end of the semester. Buybacks are heaviest in December and May. Students typically receive 50% of the price they originally paid for the book if it has been adopted for a future class or the current wholesale price if it has not. Both unsold textbooks and trade books are generally returnable to publishers for full credit.
The larger superstores, which feature an expanded selection of trade books, use the Barnes & Noble Book Master system. B&N College home office merchants meet with publishers on a regular basis to identify new titles and trends to support this changing business. In the smaller stores, trade (general reading) book purchasing also is controlled at the store level.
B&N College stores also feature collegiate and athletic apparel relating to a school and/or its sports programs and other custom-branded school spirit products. Other merchandise, such as laptops and other technology products, notebooks, backpacks, school supplies and related items are also offered. In addition, many stores also provide students with a place to purchase convenience items, such as food, beverages and dormitory products. General merchandise vendors and products are initially selected by the
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merchants in the B&N College home office and approved assortments are provided to the stores. Stores make selections from these assortments based on the unique needs of its campus, in conjunction with the home office merchants.
Competition
Approximately 52% of college bookstores in the United States are operated by the educational institutions themselves. Follett Corporation, a contract operator of campus bookstores, Nebraska Book Company, a contract operator of on-campus and off-campus bookstores, Amazon.com, and Chegg.com, an online textbook rental company, compete directly with B&N College. In addition, publishers are increasing efforts to sell directly to students and technology companies like Apple, Google and Amazon.com are increasing their digital offerings to students. B&N College offers customers a full suite of textbook optionsnew, used, digital and rental.
Seasonality
The B&N College business is highly seasonal, with the major portion of sales and operating profit realized during the second and third fiscal quarters, when college students generally purchase and rent textbooks for the upcoming semesters. Revenues from textbook rentals, which primarily occur at the beginning of the semester, are recognized over the rental period.
Employees
As of May 2, 2015, B&N College had approximately 5,300 full- and part-time employees. B&N Colleges employees are not represented by unions, with the exception of 30 employees, and the Company believes that its relationship with its employees is generally excellent.
NOOK
This segment includes the Companys digital business, which includes the Companys eBookstore, digital newsstand and sales of NOOK® devices and accessories through B&N Retail and B&N College. The underlying strategy of the NOOK business is to offer customers any digital book, newspaper or magazine, anytime, on any device. The Company remains committed to delivering to customers the best digital bookstore experience, while rationalizing its existing cost structure. As part of this commitment, the Company entered into a partnership on June 4, 2014, to develop co-branded Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 NOOK tablets that feature the award-winning Barnes & Noble digital reading experience. The co-branded devices will combine popular Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 hardware with customized NOOK software to give customers powerful, full-featured tablets that are designed for reading, with easy access to Barnes & Nobles expansive digital collection of approximately four million books, leading magazines and newspapers. The companies introduced the Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 NOOK in a 7-inch version in the U.S. in August 2014 and the 10-inch version in October 2014. The Company also intends to continue to offer the best black-and-white eReaders on the market, backed by quality customer service and technology support for those devices. The Company will continue to sell its existing device inventory as it segues into new products. At the same time, it will leverage all Barnes & Noble retail, digital and partnership assets, as well as existing NOOK customer relationships. The Company intends to continue to provide the resources necessary for quality customer service and support sales of new devices and those in use by NOOKs existing customer base.
On June 5, 2014, the Company entered into an Assignment of Lease for its 208,000 square foot Palo Alto, California campus. Employees were relocated to new state-of-the art facilities totaling 88,000 square feet. NOOK employees were moved to a new facility in Santa Clara, California, while Barnes & Noble Colleges digital education employees were relocated to a facility in Mountain View, California.
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The relocations occurred during the first quarter of fiscal 2015. This action resulted in a net reduction of annual occupancy expenses of approximately $9.6 million, reducing the Companys future lease commitments by approximately $102.1 million.
Barnes & Nobles NOOK digital bookstore and Reading Apps provide customers the ability to purchase and read their digital content and access to their Lifetime Library on a wide range of digital platforms, including Windows 8 PCs and tablets, iPad, iPhone® , Android smartphones and tablets, PC and Mac®. Barnes & Noble has implemented innovative features on its digital platform to ensure that customers can access their NOOK content from almost all of todays most popular devices. The NOOK digital bookstore offers one of the most comprehensive catalogs of books and magazines, numbering over four million titles.
NOOK currently sells a number of different devices to satisfy customers digital needs, including the Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® 7.0 and 10.1 devices and NOOK GlowLight. These devices provide customers access to the millions of books and magazines in the NOOK Store, and, through Google Play, more than 700,000 Android apps and games, millions of songs, thousands of movies and TV shows, plus popular Google services like the Chrome browser, Gmail, YouTube, Google Search and Google Maps. NOOK GlowLight provides customers a simple, easy to use, intuitive eReader on an E Ink display that replicates the experience of reading from physical paper and provides access to the Companys digital content store. Always Free NOOK Support in any of the B&N Retail bookstores provides customers the ability to interact with a knowledgeable bookseller to receive pre- and post- customer sales support. The bookstores also provide free Wi-Fi connectivity for NOOK® devices, Read In Store access, which allows owners to read NOOK Books for free, and the More In Store program, which offers free, exclusive content and special promotions. NOOK® devices also allow for digital lending of a wide selection of books through its LendMe® technology.
Operations
The digital products group has knowledgeable product development and operational management teams in the areas of reading software, digital content retailing and mobile device development. Digital product management oversees product concept, software development, engineering and user experience. Operational management has historically overseen demand planning, strategic sourcing, manufacturing, return and refurbishment of hardware. The Company expects that digital product managements role will continue to focus on eReading devices and reading platforms, while also shifting to the management of third-party partner relationships, as NOOKs partnership with Samsung proceeds.
The Companys development office employs experienced engineers in the Companys digital product area. The NOOK digital products management team is currently focused on next generation digital reading products to enhance the reading experience and help consumers discover content in new and interesting ways. The Digital Services team, which includes the Cloud and Commerce group, is responsible for maintaining and developing the NOOKs digital bookstore service.
Purchasing/Distribution
NOOK acquires the rights to distribute digital content from publishers and distributes the content on barnesandnoble.com, NOOK® devices and other eBookstore platforms. Certain digital content is distributed under an agency pricing model in which the publishers set fixed prices for eBooks and NOOK receives a fixed commission on content sold through the eBookstore. The majority of the Companys eBook sales are sold under the agency model.
NOOK utilizes the Companys purchasing power and its distribution centers to synergistically facilitate the purchasing and shipping of devices and accessories.
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Competition
The eReader and tablet businesses are highly competitive. NOOK competes primarily on price and device functionality. The importance of price varies depending on the competitor, with some of NOOKs competitors engaging in significant discounting and other promotional activities. NOOK competes primarily with other eReaders and tablets on functionality, consumer appeal, availability of digital content and price. NOOK competes with many online digital businesses, notably Amazon.com and Apple. Some of the Companys competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources and may have different business strategies than NOOK does.
Seasonality
The NOOK business, like that of many technology companies, is impacted by the launch of new products and the promotional efforts to support those new products, as well as the traditional retail holiday selling seasonality.
Employees
As of May 2, 2015, NOOK had approximately 345 full- and part-time employees. NOOK employees are not represented by unions, and the Company believes that its relationship with its employees is generally excellent.
Trademarks and Service Marks
The trademarks and service marks owned by the Company and its subsidiaries include B&N®, Barnes & Noble®, Barnes & Noble.com®, barnesandnoble.com®, Barnes & Noble Booksellers®, Barnsie®, Espari ®, NOOK®, NOOK Color®, NOOK Tablet®, Readers Tablet, NOOK Simple Touch®, Glowlight ®, NOOK GlowLight, NOOK® HD, NOOK® HD+, The Simple Touch Reader®, NOOK Press®, NOOK Books®, NOOK Book Enhanced®, NOOK Developer®, The NOOK Book Store®, NOOK Newsstand®, NOOK Newspaper®, NOOK Kids®, Read In Store®, More In Store®, NOOK Friends®, LendMe®, NOOK Boutique®, NOOK Books en español, NOOK Study®, ArticleView®, Daily Shelf®, Read To Me®, Punctuate!®, Yuzu, FacultyEnlight®, Sparknotes®, Borders®, Borders Books & Music®, some of which are registered or pending with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
The Company regards its trademarks, service marks, copyrights, patents, domain names, trade dress, trade secrets, proprietary technology and similar intellectual property as important to its operations, and it relies on trademark, copyright and patent law, domain name regulations, trade secret protection and confidentiality or license agreements to protect its proprietary rights. The Company has registered, or applied for the registration of, a number of domain names, trademarks, service marks, patents, and copyrights by U.S. and foreign governmental authorities. Additionally, the Company has filed U.S. and international patent applications covering certain of its proprietary technology. The Company renews its registrations, which vary in duration, as it deems appropriate from time to time.
The Company has licensed in the past, and expects that it may license in the future, certain of its proprietary rights to third parties. Some of the Companys products are designed to include intellectual property licensed or otherwise obtained from third parties. While it may be necessary in the future to seek or renew licenses relating to various aspects of the Companys products and business methods, the Company believes, based upon past experience and industry practice, such licenses generally could be obtained on commercially reasonable terms; however, there is no guarantee such licenses could be obtained at all.
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Available Information
The Company files annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Any materials filed by the Company with the SEC may be read and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the SECs Public Reference Room is available by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website that contains annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information that issuers (including the Company) file electronically with the SEC. The Internet address of the SECs website is http://www.sec.gov.
The Company makes available on its corporate website at www.barnesandnobleinc.com under For Investors - SEC Documents, free of charge, all its SEC filings as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with or furnishes such materials to the SEC.
The Company has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines, a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and written charters for the Companys Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Corporate Governance & Nominating Committee. Each of the foregoing is available on the Companys website at www.barnesandnobleinc.com under For Investors Corporate Governance and in print to any stockholder who requests it, in writing to the Companys Corporate Secretary, Barnes & Noble, Inc., 122 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10011. In accordance with SEC rules, the Company intends to disclose any amendment (other than any technical, administrative, or other non-substantive amendment) to either of the above codes, or any waiver of any provision thereof with respect to any of the executive officers, on the Companys website within four business days following such amendment or waiver.
ITEM 1A. | Risk Factors |
The following risk factors and other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K should be carefully considered. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones faced by the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known or that are currently deemed immaterial also may impair the Companys business operations. If any of the following risks occur, the Companys business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
Unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, references below to (1) the Company refer to Barnes & Noble, Inc. and its subsidiaries, (2) Retail business refer to the Companys business included in the Retail segment, (3) Digital business refer to the Companys business included in the Digital segment, including the sales of digital content, devices and accessories and (4) College business refer to the Companys business included in the College segment, including Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, LLC.
The Companys businesses are dependent on the overall economic environment and consumer spending patterns.
A deterioration of the current economic environment could have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition and operating results, as well as the Companys ability to fund its growth or its strategic business initiatives.
The Retail businesss and the Digital businesss sales are primarily dependent upon discretionary consumer spending, which is affected by the overall economic environment, consumer confidence and other factors beyond its control. In addition, the Retail and Digital businesss sales are dependent in part on the strength of new release products which are controlled by publishers and other suppliers.
The College businesss sales are also affected by the overall economic environment. A deterioration of the current economic environment could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition and
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operating results of the College business, as well as the ability of the College business to fund its growth and strategic business initiatives. The College business is affected by funding levels at colleges and universities and by changes in enrollments at colleges and universities, changes in student enrollments and lower spending on textbooks and general merchandise. The growth of the College business depends on its ability to attract new students and to increase the level of engagement by existing students. To the extent the College business is unable to attract new students or students spend less generally, the College business could be adversely affected.
Because of the Companys existing penetration of attractive retail locations and the maturity of the market for traditional retail stores, the Companys sales or net income may decline unless it successfully implements its business strategies.
The Companys primary business is its operation of the Retail businesss stores across the United States, and it derived a majority of its sales from the Retail businesss stores in its most recent fiscal year. Management generally believes that the Retail businesss stores are located in attractive geographic markets, and generally does not have a strategy to open retail stores in new geographic markets or to expand the total number of retail stores, and expects to close more retail stores than it opens. Managements strategies are subject to the risks described herein and elsewhere, and may be subject to other risks that have not yet been identified, and management cannot make assurances that its business strategies will be successful.
The complexity of the Companys businesses could place a significant strain on its management, operations, performance and resources.
The complexity of the Companys businesses could place a significant strain on its management, operations, technical performance, financial resources, and internal financial control and reporting functions. The Company operates three different businesses: the College business, the Retail business, and the Digital business. NOOK Media LLC (NOOK Media) also has obligations under its commercial agreement with Pearson plc (Pearson). There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to manage the complexity of its businesses effectively. The Companys current and planned personnel, systems, procedures and controls may not be adequate to support and effectively manage its future operations, especially as it employs personnel in multiple geographic locations. The Company may not be able to hire, train, retain, motivate and manage the required personnel, which may limit its growth. If any of these were to occur, it could damage the Companys reputation, limit growth, negatively affect operating results and harm its business.
The Company faces the risk of disruption of supplier relationships and/or supply chain and/or inventory surplus.
The products that the Company sells originate from a wide variety of domestic and international vendors. During fiscal 2015, the Retail businesss five largest suppliers accounted for approximately 65 percent of the dollar value of merchandise purchased. During fiscal 2015, the College businesss five largest suppliers accounted for approximately 50 percent of its merchandise purchased. While the Company believes that its relationships with its suppliers are strong, suppliers may modify the terms of these relationships due to general economic conditions or otherwise. The Company does not have long-term arrangements with most of its suppliers to guarantee availability of merchandise, content, components or services, particular payment terms or the extension of credit limits. If the Companys current suppliers were to stop selling merchandise, content, components or services to it on acceptable terms, including as a result of one or more supplier bankruptcies due to poor economic conditions, the Company may be unable to procure the same merchandise, content, components or services from other suppliers in a timely and efficient manner and on acceptable terms, or at all.
In addition, certain of our merchandise, including electronic readers, are sourced, directly or indirectly, from outside the United States, including, without limitation, from suppliers in China. Political or financial instability, merchandise quality issues, product safety concerns, trade restrictions, work
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stoppages, tariffs, foreign currency exchange rates, transportation capacity and costs, inflation, civil unrest, natural disasters, outbreaks of pandemics and other factors relating to foreign trade are beyond our control and could disrupt our supply of foreign-sourced merchandise and/or adversely affect our results of operations.
Furthermore, the Retail business and the College business are each dependent on the continued supply of trade books, in the case of the Retail business, and textbooks, in the case of the College business. The publishing industry generally has suffered recently due to, among other things, changing consumer preferences away from the print medium and the economic climate. A significant disruption in this industry generally could adversely impact the Companys business. A significant unfavorable change in the Companys relationships with key suppliers could materially adversely affect its sales and profits. In addition, any significant change in the payment terms that the Company has with its key suppliers, including, payment terms, return policies, the discount or margin on products or changes to the distribution model of textbooks could adversely affect its financial condition and liquidity. The Company has arrangements with third-party manufacturers. These manufacturers procure and assemble unfinished parts and components from third-party suppliers based on forecasts provided by the Company. Given production lead times, commitments may be made far in advance of finished product delivery.
In addition, on June 4, 2014, NOOK Digital, LLC entered into a commercial agreement with Samsung Electronics America, Inc. under which NOOK Digital has agreed to a minimum purchase commitment of 1,000,000 NOOK-Samsung co-branded devices during the first twelve months after the launch of the initial co-branded devices, which occurred on August 20, 2014. The 12-month period was automatically extended by three months due to the quantity of sales of such co-branded devices through December 31, 2014, and the period was further extended until June 30, 2016 by an amendment executed by the parties on March 7, 2015. Sales shortfalls (including with respect to the co-branded NOOK devices) or incorrect forecasts or estimates by the Company may result in higher than anticipated levels of unfinished goods or finished goods inventories, which may impact the Companys results of operations and liquidity.
The Companys businesses rely on certain key personnel.
Management believes that the Companys continued success will depend to a significant extent upon the efforts and abilities of certain key personnel of the Company. The loss of the services of any of these key personnel could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company does not maintain key man life insurance on any of its officers or other employees.
The Companys businesses could be adversely impacted if it is unsuccessful in making and integrating acquisitions it has made or may decide to pursue.
To enhance the Companys efforts to grow and compete, from time to time it has engaged in acquisitions and entered into joint ventures, and it may engage in acquisitions or enter into joint ventures in the future. Any future acquisitions are subject to the Companys ability to identify attractive opportunities and to negotiate favorable terms for them. Accordingly, the Company cannot make assurances that future acquisitions will be completed, or that if completed, they will be successful. These transactions may create risks such as: (1) disruption of the Companys ongoing business, including loss of management focus on existing businesses; (2) the dilution of the equity interest of the Companys stockholders; (3) problems retaining key personnel; (4) increased debt to finance any transaction and additional operating losses, debt and expenses of the businesses the Company acquires; (5) the difficulty of integrating a new companys accounting, financial reporting, management, information, human resource and other administrative systems to permit effective management, and the lack of control if such integration is delayed or not implemented; (6) the difficulty of implementing at acquired companies the controls, procedures and policies appropriate for a larger public company; and (7) potential unknown liabilities associated with an acquired company. In addition, valuations supporting the Companys acquisitions could change rapidly given the current global economic climate. The Company could determine that such valuations have experienced impairments or other-than-temporary declines in fair value, which could adversely impact its financial condition.
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The Companys businesses are seasonal.
The Companys businesses are seasonal.
For the Companys businesses other than the College business, sales are generally highest in the third fiscal quarter and lowest in the second and fourth fiscal quarters. For fiscal 2015, 34% of sales and 79% of operating income of the Retail business were generated in its third fiscal quarter. Operating results in the Companys businesses other than the College business depend significantly upon the holiday selling season in the third fiscal quarter.
The College business is also seasonal, with sales generally highest in the second and third fiscal quarters, when college students generally purchase textbooks for the upcoming semesters, and lowest in the first and fourth fiscal quarters.
Less than satisfactory net sales during our peak fiscal quarter could have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition or operating results for the year, and the Companys results of operations from those quarters may not be sufficient to cover any losses which may be incurred in the other fiscal quarters of the year.
The Companys results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter, which could affect the Companys business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Companys results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter depending upon several factors, some of which are beyond its control. These factors include the timing of new product releases, weather, the level of success of the Companys product releases, the timing of store openings and closings, the addition or termination of the College business contracts to manage bookstores for colleges and universities, the timing of the start of college and university semesters, shifts in the timing of certain promotions and the effect of impairments on the Companys assets. These and other factors could affect the Companys business, financial condition and results of operations, and this makes the prediction of the Companys financial results on a quarterly basis difficult. The Companys quarterly financial results have been and may in the future be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors.
The Company may not be able to adequately protect its intellectual property rights or may be accused of infringing upon intellectual property rights of third parties.
The Company regards its trademarks, service marks, copyrights, patents, trade dress, trade secrets, proprietary technology and similar intellectual property as important to its success, and it relies on trademark, copyright and patent law, domain name regulations, trade secret protection and confidentiality or license agreements to protect its proprietary rights. Laws and regulations may not adequately protect its trademarks and similar proprietary rights. The Company may be unable to prevent third parties from acquiring domain names that are similar to, infringe upon or diminish the value of its trademarks and other proprietary rights.
The Company may not be able to discover or determine the extent of any unauthorized use of its proprietary rights. The protection of the Companys intellectual property may require the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. Moreover, the steps it takes to protect its intellectual property may not adequately protect its rights or prevent third parties from infringing or misappropriating its proprietary rights. The Company also cannot be certain that others will not independently develop or otherwise acquire equivalent or superior technology or other intellectual property rights.
Other parties also may claim that the Company infringes their proprietary rights. Because of the changes in Internet commerce, the electronic reader and digital content business, current extensive patent coverage, and the rapid rate of issuance of new patents, it is possible that certain components of our products and business methods may unknowingly infringe existing patents or intellectual property rights
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of others. Because the Companys products include complex technology, much of which is acquired from suppliers through the purchase of components or licensing of software, the Company and its suppliers and customers are and have been involved in or have been impacted by assertions, including both requests for licenses and litigation, regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. The Company has been and is currently subject to, and expects to continue to be subject to, claims and legal proceedings regarding alleged infringement by it of the intellectual property rights of third parties. Such claims, whether or not meritorious, may result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources, injunctions against the Company prohibiting the Company from marketing or selling certain products or the payment of damages. The Company may need to obtain licenses from third parties who allege that it has infringed their rights, but such licenses may not be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all. In addition, the Company may not be able to obtain or utilize on terms that are favorable to it, or at all, licenses or other rights with respect to intellectual property it does not own in providing services to other businesses and individuals under commercial agreements. These risks have been amplified by the increase in third parties whose primary business appears to be to assert such claims. If any infringement or other intellectual property claim made against the Company by any third-party is successful, if the Company is required to indemnify a customer with respect to a claim against the customer, or if the Company is unable to develop non-infringing technology or license the proprietary rights on commercially reasonable terms and conditions, the Companys business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
The Companys digital content offerings, including NOOK®, depend in part on effective digital rights management technology to control access to digital content. If the digital rights management technology that it uses is compromised or otherwise malfunctions, the Company could be subject to claims, and content providers may be unwilling to include their content in its service.
The Company faces data security risks with respect to personal information.
The Companys business involves the receipt, storage, processing and transmission of personal information about customers and employees. Personal information about customers is obtained in connection with the Companys membership programs, eCommerce operations, digital media businesses as well as through retail transactions in stores operated by the Company. The Companys online operations and the Digital business depend upon the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks, including information permitting cashless payments. We may share information about such persons with vendors and third parties that assist with certain aspects of our business. Also, in connection with the College businesss student financial aid platform and the processing of university debit cards, we secure and have access to certain student personal information that has been provided to us by the universities we serve.
The Companys handling and use of personal information is regulated at the international, federal and state levels. Privacy and information security laws, regulations, and standards such as the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard change from time to time, and compliance with them may result in cost increases due to necessary systems changes and the development of new processes and may be difficult to achieve. If the Company fails to comply with these laws, regulations and standards, it could be subjected to legal risk. Also, hardware, software or applications developed or procured internally or from third parties may contain defects in design or manufacture or other problems that could unexpectedly compromise information security. In addition, even if the Company fully complies with all laws, regulations, and standards and even though the Company has taken significant steps to protect personal information, the Company could experience a data security breach, and its reputation could be damaged, possibly resulting in lost future sales or decreased usage of credit and debit card products. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems, change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, the Company may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. A party that is able to circumvent the Companys security measures could misappropriate the Company or its users proprietary information and cause interruption in its operations. Any compromise of the Companys data security
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could result in a violation of applicable privacy and other laws or standards, significant legal and financial exposure beyond the scope or limits of insurance coverage, increased operating costs associated with remediation, negative publicity, equipment acquisitions or disposal and added personnel, and a loss of confidence in its security measures, which could harm the business or investor confidence. Data security breaches may also result from non-technical means, for example, actions by an employee.
The Company has incurred data security breaches in the past, including the Companys discovery in 2012 that PIN pads in certain of its stores had been tampered with to allow criminal access to card data and PIN numbers on credit and debit cards swiped through the terminals. This matter has given rise to putative class action litigation on behalf of customers, banks, or other card issuers, and inquiries from federal and state government agencies. It is possible that additional litigation arising out of this matter may be filed on behalf of customers, banks, payment card companies or stockholders seeking damages allegedly arising out of this incident and other related relief. In addition, payment card companies and associations may impose fines by reason of the tampering and federal and state enforcement authorities may impose penalties or other remedies against the Company. At this point the Company is unable to predict the developments in, outcome of, and economic and other consequences of pending or future litigation or government inquiries related to this matter.
The concentration of the Companys capital stock ownership with certain executive officers, directors and their affiliates will limit its stockholders ability to influence corporate matters and may involve other risks.
Leonard Riggio, the Companys Founder and Chairman, and Stephen Riggio, are brothers and together are currently the beneficial owners of an aggregate of approximately 19.9% of the Companys outstanding capital stock as of May 2, 2015, a majority of which is beneficially owned solely by Leonard Riggio.
This concentrated control may limit the ability of the Companys other stockholders to influence corporate matters and, as a result, the Company may take actions with which its other stockholders do not agree. In addition, there may be risks related to the relationships Leonard Riggio, Stephen Riggio and other members of the Riggio family have with the various entities with which the Company has related party transactions.
The Companys businesses could be impacted by changes in international, federal, state or local laws, rules or regulations.
Changes in international, federal, state or local laws, rules or regulations, including but not limited to laws, rules or regulations related to employment, wages, data privacy, information security, intellectual property, taxes, products, product safety, health and safety, and imports and exports, could increase the Companys costs of doing business or otherwise impact the Companys business.
Changes in sales and other tax collection regulations or inability of the Company to utilize tax credits or assets, could harm the Companys businesses or financial performance.
The Retail business, the College business and the Digital business collected sales tax on the majority of the products and services that they sold in their respective prior fiscal years that were subject to sales tax, and they generally have continued the same policies for sales tax within the current fiscal year. While management believes that the financial statements included elsewhere herein reflect managements best current estimate of any potential additional sales tax liability based on current discussions with taxing authorities, there can be no assurance that the outcome of any discussions with any taxing authority will not result in the payment of sales taxes for prior periods or otherwise, or that the amount of any such payments will not be materially in excess of any liability currently recorded. In the future, the Companys businesses may be subject to claims for not collecting sales tax on the products and services it currently sells for which sales tax is not collected. There is a risk that existing tax credits and tax assets may not be utilized or may expire.
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The Companys announced authorization of the separation of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. from Barnes & Noble into two separate public companies.
On February 26, 2015 the Company announced plans for the legal and structural separation of Barnes & Noble Education from the Company into an independent public company (the Spin-Off). The Companys Board of Directors has authorized management of the Company to take steps to separate Barnes & Noble Education from Barnes & Noble into two separate public companies. However, there can be no assurance regarding the ultimate timing of any separation, the form or terms of any separation or that any separation will in fact, be completed. Any separation of Barnes & Noble Education and Barnes & Noble into two separate public companies will be subject to customary regulatory approvals, securing any necessary financing, final approval of the Barnes & Noble Board of Directors and other customary matters and is dependent on numerous factors that include the macroeconomic environment, credit markets and equity markets.
There is also the potential that a separation may result in various adverse impacts on the Company and its businesses including, without limitation, the risk that any separation by the Company of its interests in Barnes & Noble Education cannot be implemented, the risk that the separation does not achieve the expected benefits for the parties, the risk that the separation of Barnes & Noble Education has an adverse impact on the Companys retail business, the risk of potential adverse tax consequences for the Company and its shareholders, the risk that Barnes & Noble Education is not able to perform its obligations under its commercial agreements with Pearson, and the consequences thereof, the costs and disruptions arising out of any such separation, risks, difficulties, and uncertainties that may result from the separation of businesses that were previously co-mingled including necessary ongoing relationships, and potential for adverse customer impacts. Moreover, the form or nature of the Spin-Off may have an adverse impact on the operations of the Companys retail businesses and its stock price.
The Spin-Off of Barnes & Noble Education could result in significant tax liability to the Company and its stockholders.
The Spin-Off is conditioned on the Companys receipt of written opinions of Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP and KPMG LLP to the effect that the Spin-Off will qualify for non-recognition of gain and loss to the Company and its stockholders. These opinions do not address any U.S. state or local or foreign tax consequences of the Spin-Off. The opinion assumes that the Spin-Off will be completed according to the terms of the Separation Agreement and rely on the facts as stated in the Separation Agreement, the Tax Matters Agreement, the other ancillary agreements, the Barnes & Noble Education Prospectus and a number of other documents. In addition, the opinion is based on certain representations as to factual matters from, and certain covenants by, the Company and Barnes & Noble Education. The opinions cannot be relied on if any of the assumptions, representations or covenants are incorrect, incomplete or inaccurate or are violated in any material respect. The opinions are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or the courts, and we cannot assure you that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position. If the Spin-Off were determined not to qualify for non-recognition of gain and loss, U.S. Holders could be subject to tax. In this case, each U.S. Holder who receives the Barnes & Noble Education Common Stock in the Spin-Off would generally be treated as receiving a distribution in an amount equal to the fair market value of Barnes & Noble Education Common Stock received, which would generally result in (i) a taxable dividend to the U.S. Holder to the extent of that U.S. Holders pro rata share of the Companys current and accumulated earnings and profits; (ii) a reduction in the U.S. Holders basis (but not below zero) in the Companys common stock to the extent the amount received exceeds the stockholders share of the Companys earnings and profits; and (iii) a taxable gain from the exchange of the Companys common stock to the extent the amount received exceeds the sum of the U.S. Holders share of the Companys earnings and profits and the U.S. Holders basis in its common stock.
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If the Spin-Off were determined not to qualify for non-recognition of gain and loss, then the Company would recognize gain in an amount up to the fair market value of the Barnes & Noble Education stock held by the Company immediately before the Spin-Off.
The Companys classified Board of Directors and other anti-takeover defenses could deter acquisition proposals and make it difficult for a third-party to acquire control of the Company. This could have a negative effect on the price of the Companys common stock.
The Company has a classified Board of Directors and other anti-takeover defenses in its certificate of incorporation and by-laws. These defenses could discourage potential acquisition proposals and could delay or prevent a change in control of the Company. These deterrents could adversely affect the price of the Companys common stock and make it difficult to remove or replace members of the Board of Directors or management of the Company. The Companys previous shareholder rights plan expired on November 17, 2012 and was not replaced. The Board may, subject to its fiduciary duties under applicable law, choose to implement a shareholder rights plan in the future.
The Companys business is subject to the risks of international operations.
The Company, which has historically limited its operations to the United States, has begun to conduct operations internationally, including in China. There is no assurance that any investment by the Company to expand its operations internationally will be successful.
In particular, the Company may continue to pursue plans to sell the NOOK® device internationally. However, the terms of any agreements that are reached with international partners may not be advantageous to the Company. The NOOK® device may require technological changes to comply with applicable foreign laws. It also may not be accepted in a particular marketplace where other companies may have already entered with products that have achieved some customer acceptance.
Compliance with U.S. and foreign laws and regulations that apply to international operations, including without limitation import and export requirements, anti-corruption laws, tax laws (including U.S. taxes on foreign subsidiaries), foreign exchange controls and cash repatriation restrictions, data privacy requirements, labor laws, and anti-competition regulations, increases the costs of doing business in foreign jurisdictions, and any such costs, which may rise in the future as a result of changes in these laws and regulations or in their interpretation. There can be no assurance that the Companys employees, contractors, or agents will not violate such laws and regulations or the Companys policies with respect to foreign operations.
Intense competition from traditional retail sources, the Internet and suppliers of digital content and hardware may adversely affect the Companys businesses.
The book business is highly competitive in every channel in which the Company operates. The Retail businesss stores compete primarily on the quality of the shopping and store experience and the price and availability of products. The importance of price varies depending on the competitor, with some of the Retail businesss competitors engaging in significant discounting and other promotional activities. NOOK® competes primarily with other tablets and eBook readers on functionality, consumer appeal, availability of digital content and price. The Retail business competes with large bookstores including Books-A-Million and smaller format bookstores. The Retail business also faces competition from mass merchandisers, such as Costco, Target and Wal-Mart. The Retail businesss stores also compete with specialty retail stores that offer books in particular subject areas, independent store operators, variety discounters, drug stores, warehouse clubs, mail-order clubs and other retailers offering books, music, toys, games, gifts and other products in its market segments.
The Company faces competition from many online businesses, notably Amazon.com and Apple. Increases in consumer spending via the Internet may significantly affect its ability to generate sales in the Retail businesss stores. Some of the Companys competitors may have greater financial and other resources and different business strategies than the Company does. The music and DVD businesses are
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also highly competitive, and the Company faces competition from mass merchants, discounters, the Internet and digital distribution. The Company faces competition from the expanding market for digital content and hardware, including without limitation digital books or eBooks and eBook readers. New and enhanced technologies, including new digital technologies and new web services technologies, may increase the Companys competition. Competition may also intensify as the Companys competitors enter into business combinations or alliances or established companies in other market segments expand into its market segments. Increased competition may reduce the Companys sales and profits.
The Company faces additional operating risks through the operation of the Digital business.
The Company faces risks related to the operation of the Digital business. The Digital businesss content sales decreased during fiscal 2015 and may continue to decline in the future, which could affect the Companys results of operations and liquidity. Also, the sales of digital devices and accessories declined during fiscal 2015, and there is no guarantee that the possible introduction of future NOOK® digital devices (including NOOK® co-branded devices under the commercial agreement with Samsung) will increase future sales of digital devices or content or the earnings of the Digital business. The previously announced efforts to rationalize the costs associated with the Digital business also may not be successful, which may adversely impact the Companys results of operations. The Digital business faces certain risks associated with its business, including protection of digital rights and uncertainties relating to the regulation of digital content.
If the Retail business is unable to renew or enter into new leases on favorable terms, or at all, its sales and earnings may decline.
Substantially all of the Retail businesss stores are located in leased premises. The Retail businesss profitability depends in part on its ability to continue to optimize its store lease portfolio as to the number of retail stores, store locations and lease terms and conditions. Its ability to do so depends on, among other things, general economic and business conditions and general real estate development conditions, which are beyond its control. The Retail business has 337 leases up for renewal by April 30, 2018. If the cost of leasing existing retail stores increases, the Retail business may not be able to maintain its existing store locations as leases expire. In addition, the Retail business may not be able to enter into new leases on acceptable terms, or at all, or it may not be able to locate suitable alternative sites or additional sites for new retail stores in a timely manner. The Retail businesss sales and earnings may decline if it fails to maintain existing store locations, enter into new leases, renew leases or relocate to alternative sites, in each case on attractive terms.
The Company is dependent upon access to the capital markets, bank credit facilities, and short-term vendor financing for its liquidity needs.
The Company must have sufficient sources of liquidity to fund its working capital requirements, indebtedness and Digital business. The Company believes that the combination of its cash-on-hand, cash flow received from operations, funds available under the Companys revolving senior credit facility and short-term vendor financing will be sufficient to meet the Companys normal working capital and debt service requirements for at least the next twelve months. If these sources of liquidity do not satisfy the Companys requirements, the Company may need to seek additional financing. The future availability of financing will depend on a variety of factors, such as economic and market conditions, the availability of credit and the Companys credit rating, as well as the Companys reputation with potential lenders. These factors could materially adversely affect the Companys costs of borrowing, and the Companys financial position and results of operations would be adversely impacted.
The Company faces various risks as an Internet retailer.
Business risks related to its online business include risks associated with the need to keep pace with rapid technological change, risks associated with the adoption of new products or platforms, including, among other things, new website platforms and new products such as the Yuzu platform,
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Internet security risks, risks of system failure or inadequacy, supply chain risks, government regulation and legal uncertainties with respect to the Internet, risks related to data privacy and collection of sales or other taxes by one or more states or foreign jurisdictions. If any of these risks materializes, it could have an adverse effect on the Companys business.
The Company faces the risk of a shift in consumer spending patterns to Internet retailers and digital content.
The Company has entered parts of the online and digital markets in which it has limited experience and may in the future expand into additional areas. The offering of digital content may present new and difficult challenges. Gross margin for digital content and products may be lower than for the Companys traditional product lines. The gross margin for the Companys online sales is generally lower than for sales in its retail stores. Although the Company has entered into the online and digital spaces, it may not be able to compete effectively in those spaces and any investments made in those spaces may not be successful. The Company also faces competition from companies engaged in the business of selling books, music and movies via electronic means, including the downloading of books, music and movie content. For example, historically the Retail business offered a selection of music products in its stores, but has dramatically decreased such selection because of the increased competition from the download of digital music. The College business is experiencing growing competition from alternative media and alternative sources of textbooks and course-related materials, such as websites that sell textbooks, eBooks, digital content and other merchandise directly to students; online resources; publishers selling directly to students; print-on-demand textbooks; CD-ROMs; textbook rental companies; and student-to-student transactions over the Internet.
In addition, the College business has significantly increased its textbook rental business, offering students a lower cost alternative to purchasing textbooks, which is also subject to certain inventory risks such as textbooks not being resold or re-rented due to delayed returns or poor condition, or faculty members not continuing to adopt or use certain textbooks. Sales of physical textbooks by the College business may also be adversely impacted by increased usage of digital content and eBooks, including textbooks in digital form. These challenges may negatively affect the Companys results of operations.
The Companys expansion into new products, services and technologies subjects it to additional business, legal, financial and competitive risks.
The Company may require additional capital in the future to sustain or grow the Companys online business and the Digital business. The Companys gross profits and margins in its newer activities may be lower than in its traditional activities, and it may not be successful enough in these newer activities to recoup its investments in them. In addition, the Company may have limited or no experience in its newer products and services, and its customers may not adopt its new product or service offerings, which include digital, web services and electronic devices, including but not limited to its NOOK® eBook readers and tablets, as well as new gift products and educational toys and games products. Some of these offerings may present new and difficult technological challenges, and the Company may be subject to claims or recalls if customers of these offerings experience service disruptions or failures or other quality issues. If any of these were to occur, it could damage the Companys reputation, limit its growth and negatively affect its operating results.
The Company depends on component and product manufacturing provided by third-parties, many of whom are located outside of the U.S.
NOOK® and other Company products are manufactured by a third-party manufacturer outside the United States, and the Company relies on components provided from a number of different manufacturers both within and outside the United States. Many of these manufacturers are concentrated in geographic areas outside the United States. While the Companys arrangements with these manufacturers may lower costs, they also reduce its direct control over production. It is uncertain what effect such diminished control will have on the quality or quantity of products or services, or the Companys flexibility to
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respond to changing conditions. Although arrangements with such manufacturers may contain provisions for warranty expense reimbursement, if reimbursement from such manufacturers is unenforceable or insufficient, the Company may remain responsible to the consumer for warranty service in the event of product defects. Any unanticipated product defect or warranty liability, whether pursuant to arrangements with contract manufacturers or otherwise, could materially adversely affect the Companys reputation, financial condition and operating results. If manufacturing in these locations is disrupted for any reason, including natural disasters, information technology system failures, military actions or economic, business, labor, environmental, public health or political issues, the Companys financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
The Company, including the Digital business, may be unable to obtain a sufficient supply of components and parts that are free of minerals mined from the Democratic Republic of Congo and adjoining countries (DRC), which could result in a shortage of such components and parts or reputational damages if the Company is unable to certify that its products are free of such minerals. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act included disclosure requirements regarding the use of conflict minerals mined from the DRC and procedures regarding a manufacturers efforts to prevent the sourcing of such conflict minerals. The Securities and Exchange Commission adopted the final rules related to conflict minerals in August 2012. These rules may limit the pool of suppliers who can provide the Company DRC Conflict Free components and parts, and the Company cannot make assurances that it will be able to obtain products or supplies in sufficient quantities that meet the DRC Conflict Free designation as proposed by the requirements. In addition, the Company may incur material costs in complying with the disclosure requirements and procedures, including costs related to the due diligence process of determining the source of certain minerals used in the Companys products as well as costs of possible changes to products, processes, and suppliers as a result of implementing the procedures designed to prevent the sourcing of such conflict minerals. Also, because the Companys supply chain is complex, the Company may face reputational challenges with its customers, stockholders and other stakeholders if it is unable to sufficiently verify the origins for the defined conflict metals used in its products as required by the rules on conflict minerals. The Company filed its Conflict Minerals Report for the calendar year 2014 with the SEC on June 1, 2015.
Government regulation is evolving and unfavorable changes could harm the Companys business.
The Company is subject to general business regulations and laws relating to all aspects of its business, including regulations and laws relating to the Internet, online commerce, digital content and products as well as its other lines of business (including governmental investigations and litigation relating to the agency pricing model for digital content distribution). Existing and future laws and regulations and their application and/or enforcement may impede the growth of the Internet, digital content distribution or other online services and impact digital content pricing, including requiring modifications or elimination of related pricing models including the agency pricing model. These regulations and laws may cover taxation, privacy, data protection, pricing, competition and/or antitrust, content, copyrights, distribution, college distribution, mobile communications, electronic contracts and other communications, consumer protection, the provision of online payment services, unencumbered Internet access to the Companys services, the design and operation of websites, the characteristics and quality of products and services and employee benefits (including the costs associated with complying with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act). Unfavorable regulatory and legal developments, including among other things the July 2013 U.S. federal court ruling that Apple Inc. violated antitrust laws by colluding to raise the price of digital books with certain U.S. publishers and the settlement between the U.S. Department of Justice and certain U.S. publishers for allegedly colluding to raise the price of digital books, could diminish the demand for the Companys products and services, increase its cost of doing business, decrease its margins and materially adversely impact its results of operations or financial operations.
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The Company relies on third-party digital content and applications, which may not be available to the Company on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
The Company contracts with certain third-parties to offer their digital content, including on NOOK® and through its eBookstore. Its licensing arrangements with these third-parties do not guarantee the continuation or renewal of these arrangements on reasonable terms, if at all. Some third-party content providers currently or in the future may offer competing products and services, and could take action to make it more difficult or impossible for the Company to license their content in the future. Other content owners, providers or distributors may seek to limit the Companys access to, or increase the total cost of, such content. If the Company is unable to offer a wide variety of content at reasonable prices with acceptable usage rules, its financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected.
The College business may not be able to enter into new contracts and contracts for existing or additional college and university affiliated bookstores may not be profitable.
An important part of the College businesss business strategy is to expand sales for its college bookstore operations by being awarded additional contracts to manage bookstores for colleges and universities. The College businesss ability to obtain those additional contracts is subject to a number of factors that it is not able to control. In addition, the anticipated strategic benefits of new and additional college and university bookstores may not be realized at all or may not be realized within the time frames contemplated by management. In particular, contracts for additional managed stores may involve a number of special risks, including adverse short-term effects on operating results, diversion of managements attention and other resources, standardization of accounting systems, dependence on retaining, hiring and training key personnel, unanticipated problems or legal liabilities, and actions of its competitors and customers. Because certain terms of any contract are generally fixed for the initial term of the contract and involve judgments and estimates which may not be accurate, including for reasons outside of its control, the College business has contracts which are not profitable and may have such contracts in the future. Even if the College business has the right to terminate a contract, it may be reluctant to do so even when a contract is unprofitable due to, among other factors, the potential effect on the College businesss reputation. Any unprofitable contracts may negatively impact the Companys operating results.
The College business may not be able to successfully retain or renew its managed bookstore contracts on profitable terms.
The College business faces significant competition in retaining existing store contracts and when renewing those contracts as they expire. The College businesss contracts are typically for five years with renewal options but can range from two to 15 years, and most contracts are cancelable by either party without penalty, typically with 120 days notice. The College business may not be successful in retaining its current contracts, renewing its current contracts, or renewing its current contracts on terms that provide it the opportunity to improve or maintain the profitability of managing the store. If the College business is unable to retain or renew its contracts on profitable terms, or at all, its profit margins could be adversely impacted.
ITEM 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS |
None.
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ITEM 2. | PROPERTIES |
All but one of the active Barnes & Noble stores are leased. The leases typically provide for an initial term of 10 or 15 years with one or more renewal options. The terms of the Barnes & Noble store leases for its 647 leased stores open as of May 2, 2015 expire as follows:
Lease Terms to Expire During (12 months ending on or about April 30) |
Number of Stores |
|||
2016 |
75 | |||
2017 |
135 | |||
2018 |
127 | |||
2019 |
134 | |||
2020 |
101 | |||
2021 and later |
75 |
B&N Colleges contracts are typically for five to ten years, although some extend beyond ten years. Many contracts have a 90 to 120 day cancellation right by the college or university, without penalty. In many cases, either party may cancel. The contracts for the 724 B&N College stores as of May 2, 2015 expire as follows:
Contract Terms to Expire During (12 months ending on or about April 30) |
Number of Stores |
|||
2016 |
40 | |||
2017 |
24 | |||
2018 |
51 | |||
2019 |
32 | |||
2020 |
76 | |||
2021 and later |
501 |
In addition to the bookstores, the Company leases two distribution centers for its B&N Retail operations, one in Monroe Township, New Jersey, under a lease expiring in 2020, and the other in Reno, Nevada, under a lease expiring in 2020. The Company also leases office and warehouse space in Edison, New Jersey for Sterling Publishing under one lease expiring in 2016. Subsequent to May 2, 2015, the Company has closed its Sterling Publishing distribution center and is utilizing a third-party distribution partner for Sterling product. The Companys B&N Retail distribution centers total 1,884,000 square feet.
The Companys principal administrative facilities are situated in New York, New York, and are covered by one lease which covers approximately 184,000 square feet of office space and will expire in 2023. The Company also leases approximately 74,000 square feet in Basking Ridge, New Jersey for its B&N College administrative offices under a lease which expires in 2020.
The Company leases two additional locations in New York, New York for office space: approximately 40,000 square feet under a lease expiring in 2020, for eCommerce and NOOK administrative offices, and approximately 40,000 square feet under a lease expiring in 2020, for Sterling Publishing administrative offices.
The Company also leases approximately 79,000 square feet of office space in Westbury, New York under a lease expiring in 2017, approximately 4,000 square feet of office space in Seattle, Washington under leases expiring in 2017, approximately 56,000 square feet of office space in Santa Clara, California under a lease expiring in 2019, approximately 19,000 square feet of office space in Palo Alto, California under leases expiring in 2015, approximately 34,000 square feet of office space in Mountain View, California under a lease expiring in 2019 and approximately 13,000 square feet internationally under leases expiring 2015 and 2017.
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ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
The Company is involved in a variety of claims, suits, investigations and proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of its business, including actions with respect to contracts, intellectual property, taxation, employment, benefits, securities, personal injuries and other matters. The results of these proceedings in the ordinary course of business are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Companys consolidated financial position or results of operations.
The Company records a liability when it believes that it is both probable that a liability will be incurred, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates, at least quarterly, developments in its legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that has been previously accrued and makes adjustments as appropriate. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount of a loss or potential loss. The Company may be unable to reasonably estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss for a particular legal contingency for various reasons, including, among others: (i) if the damages sought are indeterminate; (ii) if proceedings are in the early stages; (iii) if there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending proceedings (including motions and appeals); (iv) if there is uncertainty as to the likelihood of settlement and the outcome of any negotiations with respect thereto; (v) if there are significant factual issues to be determined or resolved; (vi) if the proceedings involve a large number of parties; (vii) if relevant law is unsettled or novel or untested legal theories are presented; or (viii) if the proceedings are taking place in jurisdictions where the laws are complex or unclear. In such instances, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the ultimate resolution of such matters, including a possible eventual loss, if any. With respect to the legal matters described below, the Company has determined, based on its current knowledge, that the amount of loss or range of loss, that is reasonably possible including any reasonably possible losses in excess of amounts already accrued, is not reasonably estimable. However, legal matters are inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties, some of which are beyond the Companys control. As such, there can be no assurance that the final outcome of these matters will not materially and adversely affect the Companys business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. The following is a discussion of the material legal matters involving the Company.
PATENT LITIGATION
Barnes & Noble, Inc. and its subsidiaries are subject to allegations of patent infringement by various patent holders, including non-practicing entities, sometimes referred to as patent trolls, who may seek monetary settlements from the Company, its competitors, suppliers and resellers. In some of these cases, the Company is the sole defendant. In others, the Company is one of a number of defendants. The Company is actively defending a number of patent infringement suits, and several pending claims are in various stages of evaluation. The following cases are among the patent infringement cases pending against the Company:
Technology Properties Limited et al. v. Barnes & Noble, Inc., et al.
On July 24, 2012, Technology Properties Limited, LLC, Phoenix Digital Solutions, LLC, and Patriot Scientific Corporation (collectively, TPL) filed a complaint against the Company in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The complaint alleges that the Company is infringing U.S. Patent No. 5,809,336, U.S. Patent No. 5,440,749, and U.S. Patent No. 5,530,890 through the importation, manufacture, use, offer for sale, and/or sale in the United States of NOOKTM products. The District Court stayed the action between September 26, 2012 and May 19, 2014 during the pendency of a related U.S. International Trade Commission investigation. On June 9, 2014, the Company
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answered the complaint, denying TPLs material allegations, asserting several affirmative defenses, and asserting counterclaims for a declaratory judgment of non-infringement and invalidity. On July 22, 2014, TPL served its preliminary infringement contentions. On September 12, 2014, the Company served its preliminary invalidity contentions.
On October 15, 2014, the District Judge overseeing the case found the case to be related to seven other pending cases in which TPL alleges that other defendants infringe the three asserted TPL patents. The District Judge then referred all eight cases to a Magistrate Judge for pretrial management purposes, including the preparation of a report and recommendation on claim construction and summary judgment. On November 20, 2014, the Magistrate Judge set various pretrial dates in the eight cases, including a July 22, 2015 fact discovery cutoff, a September 16, 2015 expert discovery cutoff, and a November 12, 2015 claim construction and summary judgment hearing. The Magistrate Judge did not set a trial date.
On February 4, 2015, the Company filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings directed to TPLs U.S. Patent No. 5,809,336 (336 patent) on the grounds that the 336 patent is barred by the Kessler doctrine because the ITC previously found that the Company did not infringe the 336 patent in the related ITC investigation and TPL chose not to appeal the ITCs decision to the Federal Circuit. On May 31, 2015, the Magistrate Judge issued a report and recommendation denying the Companys motion. The Company had until June 15, 2015 to file objections to the report and recommendation before the District Judge.
On April 10, 2015, the Company also filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings directed to TPLs U.S. Patent No. 5,440,749 (749 patent) on the grounds that the asserted claims of the 749 patent are invalid as indefinite for reciting both an apparatus and a method of using that apparatus. TPL opposed the Companys motion. Oral argument on the motion was held on May 19, 2015. The Magistrate Judge took the motion under submission.
Adrea LLC v. Barnes & Noble, Inc., barnesandnoble.com llc and Nook Media LLC
On June 14, 2013, Adrea LLC (Adrea) filed a complaint against Barnes & Noble, Inc., NOOK Digital, LLC (formerly barnesandnoble.com llc) and B&N Education, LLC (formerly NOOK Media LLC) (B&N) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging that various B&N NOOK products and related online services infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 7,298,851 (851 patent), 7,299,501 (501 patent) and 7,620,703 (703 patent). B&N filed its Answer on August 9, 2013, denying infringement and asserting several affirmative defenses. At the same time, B&N filed counterclaims seeking declaratory judgments of non-infringement and invalidity with respect to each of the patents-in-suit. Following the claim construction hearing held on November 1, 2013 (as to which the Court issued a claim construction order on December 1, 2013), the Court set a further amended case management schedule, under which fact discovery was to be (and has been) substantially completed by November 20, 2013, and concluded by December 9, 2013; and expert disclosures and discovery were to be (and have been) completed by January 17, 2014. According to the amended case management schedule, summary judgment motion briefing was to have been, and has now been completed as of February 21, 2014. The final pretrial conference, originally scheduled to be held on February 28, 2014, was adjourned by the Court until April 10, 2014. On that date the summary judgment motions were orally argued to the Court, and the Court reserved decision on such motions until a later date. The parties then discussed various pretrial proceedings with the Court, and the Court set the date of October 6, 2014 for trial. Subsequently, on July 1, 2014, the Court issued a decision granting partial summary judgment in B&Ns favor, and in particular granting B&Ns motion to dismiss one of Adreas infringement claims, and granting B&Ns motion to limit any damages award with respect to another of Adreas infringement claims.
Beginning October 7, 2014, through and including October 22, 2014, the case was tried to a jury in the Southern District of New York. The jury returned its verdict on October 27, 2014. The jury found
37
no infringement with respect to the 851 patent, and infringement with respect to the 501 and 703 patents. It awarded damages in the amount of $1,330. The jury further found no willful infringement with respect to any patent.
To date, the Court has yet to enter judgment, as it is currently reviewing and deciding post-trial briefing with respect to certain legal issues raised by the parties, which, if decided in B&Ns favor, could overturn all or a portion of the jurys findings on liability. Once the Court determines those issues and enters judgment, it is anticipated that the parties will file post-judgment motions, including, on B&Ns part, a motion for judgment in its favor as a matter of law, notwithstanding the jurys verdict.
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation v. Barnes & Noble, Inc., et al.
On August 27, 2012, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) filed a complaint against Barnes & Noble, Inc. and seven other defendants in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleges that the Company is infringing U.S. Patent No. 5,487,069 (069 patent). On October 19, 2012, the Company answered the complaint, denying CSIROs material allegations, asserting several affirmative defenses, and asserting counterclaims for a declaratory judgment of invalidity and non-infringement. On February 19, 2013, the Company amended its answer to add an affirmative defense that the 069 patent is unenforceable due to inequitable conduct. On November 23, 2013, the 069 patent expired. On January 23, 2014, CSIRO served an amended complaint to allege that the Company is infringing the 069 patent because its products may support the 802.11 ac and draft ac standards. In this amended complaint, CSIRO dropped its request for injunctive relief. On January 23, 2014, the Company served an amended answer to set forth additional Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (F/RAND) related defenses and counterclaims: breach of contract, promissory estoppel, and waiver. On February 6, 2014, the Company and CSIRO responded to these amended pleadings.
On June 19, 2015, the Company and CSIRO executed an agreement to settle the action without the need for further litigation. The Company and CSIRO will be filing a dismissal of the action promptly.
OTHER LITIGATION AND PROCEEDINGS
Kevin Khoa Nguyen, an individual, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated v. Barnes & Noble, Inc.
On April 17, 2012, a complaint was filed in the Superior Court for the State of California against the Company. The complaint is styled as a nationwide class action and includes a California state-wide subclass based on alleged cancellations of orders for HP TouchPad Tablets placed on the Companys website in August 2011. The lawsuit alleges claims for unfair business practices and false advertising under both New York and California state law, violation of the Consumer Legal Remedies Act under California law, and breach of contract. The complaint demands specific performance of the alleged contracts to sell HP TouchPad Tablets at a specified price, injunctive relief, and monetary relief, but does not specify an amount. The Company submitted its initial response to the complaint on May 18, 2012, removing the case to the United States District Court for the Central District of California, and moved to compel plaintiff to arbitrate his claims on an individual basis pursuant to a contractual arbitration provision on May 25, 2012. The Company also moved to dismiss the complaint and moved to transfer the action to New York. The court denied the Companys motion to compel arbitration, and the Company appealed that denial to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The court granted the Companys motion to stay on November 26, 2012, and the action had been stayed pending resolution of the Companys appeal from the courts denial of its motion to compel arbitration. On August 18, 2014, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the district courts denial of the Companys motion to compel arbitration. On September 2, 2014, the Company filed a petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc in the Ninth Circuit
38
Court of Appeals. On October 14, 2014, the court denied the Companys petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc, and on October 23, 2014, the mandate issued returning the case to the United States District Court for the Central District of California. The Company then refiled its motion to dismiss the complaint and motion to transfer the action to New York. On February 17, 2015, the court denied the Companys motion to transfer. On June 16, 2015 the court granted-in-part the Companys motion to dismiss to the extent certain California unfair business practices and false advertising claims sought restitution or injunctive relief and denied-in-part the Companys motion to dismiss as to the remaining claims. The surviving claims are for breach of contract, violation of the California Consumers Legal Remedies Act and violation of two New York consumer protection statutes. The parties are engaging in discovery and pursuant to the courts scheduling order dated December 17, 2014, as amended on March 31, 2015 and June 12, 2015. All dates for the case have been scheduled, including the deadline for plaintiff to file for class certification of July 30, 2015, and a trial date of May 3, 2016.
PIN Pad Litigation
As previously disclosed, the Company discovered that PIN pads in certain of its stores had been tampered with to allow criminal access to card data and PIN numbers on credit and debit cards swiped through the terminals. Following public disclosure of this matter on October 24, 2012, the Company was served with four putative class action complaints (three in federal district court in the Northern District of Illinois and one in the Northern District of California), each of which alleged on behalf of national and other classes of customers who swiped credit and debit cards in Barnes & Noble Retail stores common law claims such as negligence, breach of contract and invasion of privacy, as well as statutory claims such as violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, state data breach notification statutes, and state unfair and deceptive practices statutes. The actions sought various forms of relief including damages, injunctive or equitable relief, multiple or punitive damages, attorneys fees, costs, and interest. All four cases were transferred and/or assigned to a single judge in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, and a single consolidated amended complaint was filed. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint in its entirety, and in September 2013, the Court granted the motion to dismiss without prejudice. The Plaintiffs then filed an amended complaint, and the Company filed a second motion to dismiss. That motion is pending.
The Company also has received inquiries related to this matter from the Federal Trade Commission and eight state attorneys general, all of which have either been closed or have not had any recent activity. The Company intends to cooperate with them if further activity arises. In addition, payment card companies and associations may impose fines by reason of the tampering and federal or state enforcement authorities may impose penalties or other remedies against the Company.
Lina v. Barnes & Noble, Inc., and Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. et al.
On August 5, 2011, a purported class action complaint was filed against Barnes & Noble, Inc. and Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. in the Superior Court for the State of California making the following allegations with respect to salaried Store Managers at Barnes & Noble stores located in California from August 5, 2007 to present: (1) failure to pay wages and overtime; (2) failure to pay for missed meals and/or rest breaks; (3) waiting time penalties; (4) failure to pay minimum wage; (5) failure to reimburse for business expenses; and (6) failure to provide itemized wage statements. The claims are generally derivative of the allegation that these salaried managers were improperly classified as exempt from Californias wage and hour laws. The complaint contains no allegations concerning the number of any such alleged violations or the amount of recovery sought on behalf of the purported class. The Company was served with the complaint on August 11, 2011. On July 1, 2014 the court denied plaintiffs motion for class certification. The court ruled that plaintiff failed to satisfy his burden to demonstrate common issues predominated over individual issues, that plaintiff was a sufficient class representative, or that a class action was a superior method to adjudicate plaintiffs claims. Plaintiff filed a notice of appeal on August 29, 2014; under the current appeal briefing schedule, plaintiffs opening brief is due July 8, 2015 and Barnes & Nobles opposition is due August 7, 2015. On November 18, 2014, the trial court stayed all proceedings pending appeal. On January 14, 2015, Barnes & Noble removed the action to federal court based on new United States Supreme Court authority, and the district court remanded the action on April 1, 2015.
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On April 13, 2015, Barnes & Noble petitioned the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals for review of the remand decision. The Ninth Circuit denied the discretionary review and Barnes & Noble is considering a petition for an en banc review.
Jones et al v. Barnes & Noble, Inc., and Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. et al.
On April 23, 2013, Kenneth Jones (Jones) filed a purported Private Attorney General Act action complaint against Barnes & Noble, Inc. and Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. in the Superior Court for the State of California making the following allegations with respect to salaried Store Managers at Barnes & Noble stores located in California: (1) failure to pay wages and overtime; (2) failure to pay for missed meal and/or rest breaks; (3) waiting time penalties; (4) failure to pay minimum wage; (5) failure to provide reimbursement for business expenses; and (6) failure to provide itemized wage statements. The claims are generally derivative of the allegation that Jones and other aggrieved employees were improperly classified as exempt from Californias wage and hour laws. The complaint contains no allegations concerning the number of any such alleged violations or the amount of recovery sought on behalf of the plaintiff or the purported aggrieved employees. On May 7, 2013, Judge Michael Johnson (before whom the Lina action is pending) ordered the Jones action related to the Lina action and assigned the Jones action to himself. The Company was served with the complaint on May 16, 2013 and answered on June 10, 2013. On November 18, 2014, the court stayed all proceedings pending appeal in the related Lina action.
Cassandra Carag individually and on behalf of others similarly situated v. Barnes & Noble, Inc, Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. and DOES 1 through 100 inclusive
On November 27, 2013, former Associate Store Manager Cassandra Carag (Carag) brought suit in Sacramento County Superior Court, asserting claims on behalf of herself and all other hourly (non-exempt) Barnes & Noble employees in California in the preceding four years for unpaid regular and overtime wages based on alleged off-the-clock work, penalties and pay based on missed meal and rest breaks, and for improper wage statements, payroll records, and untimely pay at separation as a result of the alleged pay errors during employment. Via the complaint, Carag seeks to recover unpaid wages and statutory penalties for all hourly Barnes & Noble employees within California from November 27, 2009 to present. On February 13, 2014, the Company filed an Answer in the state court and concurrently requested removal of the action to federal court. On May 30, 2014, the federal court granted Plaintiffs motion to remand the case to state court and denied Plaintiffs motion to strike portions of the Answer to the Complaint (referring the latter motion to the lower court for future consideration). On September 2, 2014, the state court denied Plaintiffs motion to disqualify counsel based on their prior role in the Lina matter. On January 14, 2015, the Company removed the case to federal court based on new US Supreme Court authority. On June 11, 2015, the federal court remanded the case to Sacramento Superior Court. There are no existing deadlines on calendar. The Company anticipates filing a petition to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals for review of the federal courts remand decision.
Trimmer v. Barnes & Noble
On January 25, 2013, Steven Trimmer (Trimmer), a former Assistant Store Manager (ASM) of the Company, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Court) alleging violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and New York Labor Law (NYLL). Specifically, Trimmer alleges that he and other similarly situated ASMs were improperly classified as exempt from overtime and denied overtime wages prior to July 1, 2010, when the Company reclassified them as non-exempt. The complaint seeks to certify a collective action under the FLSA comprised of ASMs throughout the country employed from January 25, 2010 until July 1, 2010, and a class action
40
under the NYLL comprised of ASMs employed in New York from January 25, 2007 until July 1, 2010. The Company opposed Trimmers motion to certify the collective action and class action. While those motions were pending, the parties engaged in settlement discussions and reached a settlement of the case on behalf of three plaintiffs (rather than a class). The settlement agreement was approved by the Court in May 2015 and the case was dismissed with prejudice.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Investigation
On October 16, 2013, the SECs New York Regional office notified the Company that it had commenced an investigation into: (1) the Companys restatement of earnings announced on July 29, 2013, and (2) a separate matter related to a former non-executive employees allegation that the Company improperly allocated certain Information Technology expenses between its NOOK and Retail segments for purposes of segment reporting. The Company is cooperating with the SEC, including responding to requests for documents.
ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE |
None.
ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
Price Range of Common Stock
The Companys common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol BKS. The following table sets forth, for the quarterly periods indicated, the high and low sales prices of the common stock on the NYSE Composite Tape:
Fiscal 2015 | Fiscal 2014 | |||||||||||||||
High | Low | High | Low | |||||||||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 23.56 | $ | 15.45 | $ | 23.71 | $ | 14.96 | ||||||||
Second Quarter |
24.62 | 17.90 | 18.66 | 12.59 | ||||||||||||
Third Quarter |
24.95 | 19.05 | 17.31 | 13.40 | ||||||||||||
Fourth Quarter |
26.22 | 21.74 | 22.41 | 13.02 |
Approximate Number of Holders of Common Equity
Title of Class |
Approximate Number of Record Holders as of May 31, 2015 |
|||
Common stock, $0.001 par value |
1,799 |
Dividends
The Company paid dividends to preferred shareholders in the amount of $16.0 million and $15.8 million in fiscal 2015 and 2014, respectively.
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The Company paid no dividends to common stockholders during fiscal 2015 and 2014.
The following table provides information with respect to purchases by the Company of shares of its common stock during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2015:
Period |
Total Number of Shares Purchased (a) |
Average Price Paid per Share |
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
||||||||||||
February 1, 2015 February 28, 2015 |
151,696 | $ | 24.20 | | $ | 2,470,561 | ||||||||||
March 1, 2015 April 4, 2015 |
109,035 | $ | 24.03 | | $ | 2,470,561 | ||||||||||
April 5, 2015 May 2, 2015 |
| $ | | | $ | 2,470,561 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total |
260,731 | $ | 24.13 | | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a) | All of the shares on this table above were originally granted to employees as restricted stock or restricted stock units pursuant to the Companys 2009 Incentive Plan and 2009 Amended and Restated Incentive Plan. These Incentive Plans provide for the withholding of shares to satisfy tax obligations due upon the vesting of restricted stock or restricted stock units, and pursuant to the 2009 Incentive Plan, the shares reflected above were relinquished by employees in exchange for the Companys agreement to pay federal and state withholding obligations resulting from the vesting of the Companys restricted stock and restricted stock units. |
On May 15, 2007, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program for the purchase of up to $400.0 million of the Companys common stock. The maximum dollar value of common stock that may yet be purchased under this program is approximately $2.5 million as of May 2, 2015.
Stock repurchases under this program may be made through open market and privately negotiated transactions from time to time and in such amounts as management deems appropriate. As of May 2, 2015, the Company has repurchased 34,840,750 shares at a cost of approximately $1.1 billion. The repurchased shares are held in treasury.
ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
The information included in the Companys Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year ended May 2, 2015 included as Exhibit 13.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the Annual Report) under the section entitled Selected Consolidated Financial Data is incorporated herein by reference.
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ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The information included in the Annual Report under the section entitled Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
The Company limits its interest rate risks by investing certain of its excess cash balances in short-term, highly-liquid instruments with an original maturity of one year or less. The Company does not expect any material losses from its invested cash balances and the Company believes that its interest rate exposure is modest. As of May 2, 2015, the Companys cash and cash equivalents totaled approximately $74.4 million. A 25 basis point increase in interest rates would have increased the Companys interest income by $0.6 million in fiscal 2015. Conversely, a 25 basis point decrease in interest rates would have reduced interest income by $0.0 million in fiscal 2015.
Additionally, the Company may from time to time borrow money under its credit facility at various interest rate options based on the Base Rate or LIBO Rate (each term as defined in the amended and restated credit agreement described in the Annual Report under the section titled Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements) depending upon certain financial tests. Accordingly, the Company may be exposed to interest rate risk on borrowings under its credit facility. The Company had no borrowings under its credit facility at May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014. A 25 basis point increase in interest rates would have increased the Companys interest expense by $0.0 million in fiscal 2015. Conversely, a 25 basis point decrease in interest rates would have reduced interest expense by $0.0 million in fiscal 2015.
The Company does not have any material foreign currency exposure as nearly all of its business is transacted in United States currency.
ITEM 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA |
The information included in the Annual Report under the sections entitled: Consolidated Statements of Operations, Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders Equity, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
N/A
ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The management of the Company established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that material information relating to the Company and its subsidiaries required to be disclosed in the reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act are recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Companys Chief Executive
43
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Companys management conducted an evaluation (as required under Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act), under the supervision and with the participation of the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the Companys disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in the Companys periodic reports. Based on managements evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Companys disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level.
(b) Managements Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. As defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f), internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the principal executive and principal financial officer and effected by the board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based upon the Companys evaluation under this framework, management concluded that the Companys internal control over financial reporting was effective as of May 2, 2015.
The effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting was audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report included elsewhere herein.
(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Companys internal control over financial reporting during the most recent quarter ended May 2, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to affect, internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION |
None.
44
ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE |
The information with respect to directors, executive officers, the code of ethics and corporate governance of the Company is incorporated herein by reference to the Companys definitive Proxy Statement relating to the Companys 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the Companys fiscal year ended May 2, 2015 (the Proxy Statement).
The information with respect to compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
The information with respect to executive compensation is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.
The information with respect to compensation of directors is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth equity compensation plan information as of May 2, 2015:
Plan Category |
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights |
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities in column (a)) |
|||||||||
(a) | (b) | (c) | ||||||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders |
455,000 | 16.62 | 4,326,902 | |||||||||
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders |
| | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
455,000 | 16.62 | 4,326,902 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
The information with respect to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.
45
ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE |
The information with respect to certain relationships and related transactions and director independence is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES |
The information with respect to principal accountant fees and services is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.
ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
(a) | 1. Consolidated Financial Statements: |
(i) | The Report of Independent Registered Public Accountants included in the Annual Report is incorporated herein by reference. |
(ii) | The information included in the Annual Report under the sections entitled: Consolidated Statements of Operations, Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders Equity, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are incorporated herein by reference. |
2. | Schedule: |
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts.
For the 52 week period ended May 2, 2015, 53 week period ended May 3, 2014 and the 52 week period ended April 27, 2013 (in thousands):
Balance at beginning of period |
Charge (recovery) to costs and expenses |
Write-offs | Balance at end of period |
|||||||||||||
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
||||||||||||||||
May 2, 2015 |
$ | 8,841 | $ | 1,402 | $ | (4,165 | ) | $ | 6,078 | |||||||
May 3, 2014 |
$ | 6,088 | $ | 3,337 | $ | (584 | ) | $ | 8,841 | |||||||
April 27, 2013 |
$ | 5,941 | $ | 516 | $ | (369 | ) | $ | 6,088 |
46
Balance at beginning of period |
Addition Charged to Costs |
Deductions | Balance at end of period |
|||||||||||||
Sales Returns Reserves |
||||||||||||||||
May 2, 2015 |
$ | 6,533 | $ | 24,484 | $ | (26,394 | ) | $ | 4,623 | |||||||
May 3, 2014 |
$ | 8,811 | $ | 38,001 | $ | (40,279 | ) | $ | 6,533 | |||||||
April 27, 2013 |
$ | 19,788 | $ | 26,495 | $ | (37,472 | ) | $ | 8,811 |
47
The following are filed as Exhibits to this form:
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
2.1 | Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of August 7, 2009 among the Company, Leonard Riggio and Louise Riggio. (15) | |
3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended. (1) | |
3.2 | Certificate of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, dated June 17, 1998 and filed July 17, 1998. (2) | |
3.3 | Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company. (9) | |
3.4 | Amendment to Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company. (16) | |
3.5 | Form of Certificate of Designation, dated as of November 17, 2009. (17) | |
4.1 | Specimen Common Stock certificate. (1) | |
4.2 | Issuance and sale of Series J Preferred Stock of the Company to Liberty GIC, Inc. as of August 18, 2011. (28) | |
10.1 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Mitchell S. Klipper, dated as of February 18, 2002. (3) | |
10.2 | The Companys Amended and Restated 1996 Incentive Plan. (4) | |
10.3 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Stephen Riggio, dated as of February 18, 2002. (5) | |
10.4 | The Companys 2004 Executive Performance Plan. (6) | |
10.5 | The Companys 2004 Incentive Plan. (6) | |
10.6 | Form of Option Award Agreement of the Company. (7) | |
10.7 | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement of the Company. (7) | |
10.8 | Amendment to the Companys 2004 Incentive Plan. (8) | |
10.9 | Amendment to the Companys Amended and Restated 1996 Incentive Plan. (8) | |
10.10 | Letter Agreement (including General Release and Waiver) entered into on October 8, 2008, between barnesandnoble.com llc and Marie J. Toulantis. (10) | |
10.11 | First Amendment to the Companys 2004 Executive Performance Plan. (11) | |
10.12 | Second Amendment to the Companys 2004 Incentive Plan. (11) | |
10.13 | The Companys Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan. (11) |
48
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
10.14 | Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Stephen Riggio, dated December 18, 2008. (11) | |
10.15 | Amendment to Employment Agreement between the Company and Mitchell S. Klipper, dated as of December 18, 2008. (11) | |
10.16 | Employment Agreement between the Company and William J. Lynch, Jr., dated January 6, 2009. (12) | |
10.17 | The Companys 2009 Executive Performance Plan. (14) | |
10.18 | The Companys 2009 Incentive Plan. (14) | |
10.19 | Letter Agreement between Barnes & Noble.com, llc and Ravi Gopalakrishnan, dated as of March 5, 2009. (30) | |
10.20 | Letter Agreement between Barnes & Noble.com, llc and Jamie Iannone, dated as of March 29, 2009. (30) | |
10.21 | Letter Agreement between Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, LLC and Max J. Roberts, dated as of September 30, 2009. (30) | |
10.22 | Junior Subordinated Seller Note, dated September 30, 2009, issued by the Company to Leonard Riggio and Louise Riggio. (16) | |
10.23 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Joseph J. Lombardi, dated March 17, 2010. (18) | |
10.24 | Employment Agreement between the Company and William J. Lynch, Jr., dated March 17, 2010. (18) | |
10.25 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Mitchell S. Klipper, dated March 17, 2010. (18) | |
10.26 | Letter Agreement between Barnes & Noble.com, llc and Daniel A. Gilbert, dated as of March 22, 2010. (30) | |
10.27 | Barnes & Noble.com Digital Products Device Development Incentive Bonus Plan, dated as of May 2, 2010. (30) | |
10.28 | Form of Barnes & Noble.com Digital Products Device Development Incentive Bonus Plan Participation Agreement. (30) | |
10.29 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Leonard Riggio, dated May 12, 2010. (19) | |
10.30 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Stephen Riggio, dated May 12, 2010. (19) |
49
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
10.31 | Indemnification Agreement between the Company and David G. Golden, dated August 19, 2010. (20) | |
10.32 | Indemnification Agreement between the Company and David A. Wilson, dated August 19, 2010. (20) | |
10.33 | Form of Performance Unit Award Agreement pursuant to the Companys 2009 Incentive Plan. (21) | |
10.34 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Eugene V. DeFelice, dated September 27, 2010. (22) | |
10.35 | Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and Companys directors and officers, dated January 5, 2011. (23) | |
10.36 | Credit Agreement, dated April 29, 2011, among the Company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent and swing line lender, and other lenders (Credit Agreement). (24) | |
10.37 | Investment Agreement between the Company and Liberty GIC, Inc., dated August 18, 2011. (25) | |
10.38 | Transitional Employment Agreement between the Company and Joseph J. Lombardi, dated October 21, 2011. (26) | |
10.39 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Michael P. Huseby, dated March 9, 2012. (27) | |
10.40 | First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 27, 2012, among Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent, and other lenders. (28) | |
10.41 | Investment Agreement between the Company, Morrison Investment Holdings, Inc. and Microsoft Corporation, dated April 27, 2012. (28) | |
10.42 | The Companys Amended and Restated 2009 Incentive Plan. (29) | |
10.43 | Commercial Agreement dated as of April 27, 2012, between Barnes & Noble, Inc. and Microsoft Corporation. (32) | |
10.44 | Confidential Settlement and Patent License Agreement dated as of April 27, 2012, among Barnes & Noble, Inc., barnesandnoble.com llc, Microsoft Corporation and Microsoft Licensing GP. (32) | |
10.45 | Form of Option Award Agreement pursuant to the Companys Amended and Restated 2009 Incentive Plan. (31) | |
10.46 | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement pursuant to the Companys Amended and Restated 2009 Incentive Plan. (31) | |
10.47 | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement pursuant to the Companys Amended and Restated 2009 Incentive Plan. (31) |
50
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
10.48 | Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2012. (34) | |
10.49 | Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of December 21, 2012. (35) | |
10.50 | General Release and Waiver and Consulting Agreement between the Company and Dan Gilbert, dated as of February 1, 2013. (35) | |
10.51 | Amended Employment Agreement between the Company and William J. Lynch, Jr., dated March 7, 2013. (36) | |
10.52 | Letter Agreement to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 26, 2013, among Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent, and other lenders. (37) | |
10.53 | Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 24, 2013. (38) | |
10.54 | Letter Agreement with respect to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2013. (39) | |
10.55 | Employment Agreement dated December 23, 2013 between Barnes & Noble, Inc. and Allen W. Lindstrom. (40) | |
10.56 | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated January 7, 2014, between Barnes & Noble, Inc. and Michael P. Huseby. (41) | |
10.57 | Amendment No. 1 to the Commercial Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2012, between Barnes & Noble, Inc. and Microsoft Corporation. (42) | |
10.58 | Amendment No. 2 to the Commercial Agreement, dated as of March 10, 2014, between Barnes & Noble, Inc. and Microsoft Corporation. (42) | |
10.59 | Commercial Agreement, dated June 4, 2014, between Samsung Electronics America, Inc. and barnesandnoble.com llc. (43) | |
10.60 | Assignment of lease agreement, dated June 5, 2014, between barnesandnoble.com llc and Google, Inc. (43) | |
10.61 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Max Roberts, dated June 24, 2014. (44) | |
10.62 | Commercial Agreement Amendment and Termination Agreement and Patent Agreement Amendment, dated December 4, 2014, between Microsoft Corporation and Barnes & Noble, Inc. (45) | |
10.63 | Retirement Agreement between the Company and Mitchell S. Klipper, dated January 20, 2015. (46) | |
10.64 | The First Amendment to the Commercial Agreement Amendment and Termination Agreement and Patent Agreement Amendment with Microsoft Corporation, dated February 17, 2015, is made by and between the Securities and Exchange Commission. (47) |
51
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
10.65 | This First Amendment to the Commercial Agreement, dated March 7, 2015, is made by and between NOOK DIGITAL, LLC f/k/a barnesandnoble.com llc, and SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS AMERICA, INC. (48) | |
10.66 | Conversion Agreement, dated June 5, 2015, between Series J Holders of Preferred Stock and Barnes & Noble, Inc. (49) | |
13.1 | The sections of the Companys Annual Report entitled: Selected Consolidated Financial Data, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Consolidated Statements of Operations, Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders Equity, Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. (50) | |
14.1 | Code of Business Conduct and Ethics. (13) | |
16.1 | Letter re change in certifying accountant. (33) | |
21.1 | List of Significant Subsidiaries. (50) | |
23.1 | Consent of Ernst & Young, LLP. (50) | |
31.1 | Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a), under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (50) | |
31.2 | Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15(d)-14(a), under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (50) | |
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (50) | |
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (50) | |
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document. (50) | |
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. (50) | |
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document. (50) | |
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document. (50) | |
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document. (50) |
52
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document. (50) | |
(1) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Commission File No. 33-59778) filed with the SEC on March 22, 1993. | |
(2) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended August 1, 1998. | |
(3) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 2, 2002. | |
(4) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Commission File No. 333-90538) filed with the SEC on June 14, 2002. | |
(5) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 1, 2003. | |
(6) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended May 1, 2004. | |
(7) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 29, 2005. | |
(8) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 21, 2006. | |
(9) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 14, 2008. | |
(10) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 10, 2008. | |
(11) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 19, 2008. | |
(12) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 8, 2009. | |
(13) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2009. | |
(14) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 16, 2009. | |
(15) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 10, 2009. | |
(16) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 1, 2009. | |
(17) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 18, 2009. |
53
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
(18) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 19, 2010. | |
(19) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 13, 2010. | |
(20) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 23, 2010. | |
(21) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended July 31, 2010. | |
(22) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 30, 2010. | |
(23) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 10, 2011. | |
(24) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 2, 2011. | |
(25) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 18, 2011. | |
(26) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 21, 2011. | |
(27) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 12, 2012. | |
(28) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 30, 2012. | |
(29) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on July 23, 2012. | |
(30) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended July 28, 2012. | |
(31) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 12, 2012. | |
(32) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on October 2, 2012. | |
(33) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 19, 2012. | |
(34) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 27, 2012. |
54
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
(35) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended January 26, 2013. | |
(36) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 8, 2013. | |
(37) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 26, 2013. | |
(38) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 26, 2013. | |
(39) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 26, 2013. | |
(40) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 24, 2013. | |
(41) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 8, 2014. | |
(42) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2014. | |
(43) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 5, 2014. | |
(44) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 27, 2014. | |
(45) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 4, 2014. | |
(46) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 20, 2015. | |
(47) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 17, 2015. | |
(48) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 7, 2015. | |
(49) | Previously filed as an exhibit to the Companys Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 5, 2015. | |
(50) | Filed herewith. |
55
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
BARNES & NOBLE, INC. | ||
(Registrant) | ||
By: | /s/ Michael P. Huseby | |
Michael P. Huseby | ||
Chief Executive Officer | ||
June 26, 2015 |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name |
Title |
Date | ||
/s/ Leonard Riggio |
Chairman of the Board | June 26, 2015 | ||
Leonard Riggio | ||||
/s/ Michael P. Huseby |
Chief Executive Officer | June 26, 2015 | ||
Michael P. Huseby | (principal executive officer) | |||
/s/ Allen W. Lindstrom |
Chief Financial Officer | June 26, 2015 | ||
Allen W. Lindstrom | (principal financial officer) | |||
/s/ Peter M. Herpich |
Vice President and Corporate Controller | June 26, 2015 | ||
Peter M. Herpich | (principal accounting officer) | |||
/s/ George Campbell Jr. |
Director | June 26, 2015 | ||
George Campbell Jr. | ||||
/s/ Mark D. Carleton |
Director | June 26, 2015 | ||
Mark D. Carleton | ||||
/s/ Scott S. Cowen |
Director | June 26, 2015 | ||
Scott S. Cowen | ||||
/s/ William Dillard II |
Director | June 26, 2015 | ||
William Dillard II | ||||
/s/ David G. Golden |
Director | June 26, 2015 | ||
David G. Golden | ||||
/s/ Patricia L. Higgins |
Director | June 26, 2015 | ||
Patricia L. Higgins | ||||
/s/ John R. Ryan |
Director | June 26, 2015 | ||
John R. Ryan | ||||
/s/ David A. Wilson |
Director | June 26, 2015 | ||
David A. Wilson | ||||
|
Director | June 26, 2015 | ||
Ann-Marie Campbell |
||||
|
Director | June 26, 2015 | ||
Paul Guenther |
56
Exhibit 13.1
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected consolidated financial data of Barnes & Noble, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company) set forth on the following pages should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this report. The Companys fiscal year is comprised of 52 or 53 weeks, ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of April. The Statement of Operations Data for the 52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 (fiscal 2015), 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 (fiscal 2014) and 52 weeks ended April 27, 2013 (fiscal 2013), and the Balance Sheet Data as of May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014 are derived from, and are incorporated by reference to, audited consolidated financial statements which are included elsewhere in this report. The Statement of Operations Data for the 52 weeks ended April 28, 2012 (fiscal 2012), April 30, 2011 (fiscal 2011), the Balance Sheet Data as of April 27, 2013, April 28, 2012 and April 30, 2011 are derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included elsewhere in this report.
Fiscal Year (In thousands of dollars, except per share data) |
Fiscal 2015 |
Fiscal 2014 |
Fiscal 2013 |
Fiscal 2012 |
Fiscal 2011 |
|||||||||||||||
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Sales |
||||||||||||||||||||
Barnes & Noble Retail |
$ | 4,108,243 | 4,295,110 | 4,568,243 | 4,852,913 | 4,926,834 | ||||||||||||||
Barnes & Noble College |
1,772,389 | 1,748,042 | 1,763,248 | 1,743,662 | 1,778,159 | |||||||||||||||
NOOK |
263,833 | 505,862 | 780,433 | 933,471 | 695,182 | |||||||||||||||
Elimination (a) |
(74,968 | ) | (167,657 | ) | (272,919 | ) | (400,847 | ) | (401,610 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
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Total sales |
6,069,497 | 6,381,357 | 6,839,005 | 7,129,199 | 6,998,565 | |||||||||||||||
Cost of sales and occupancy |
4,196,998 | 4,523,422 | 5,156,499 | 5,211,683 | 5,197,252 | |||||||||||||||
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Gross profit |
1,872,499 | 1,857,935 | 1,682,506 | 1,917,516 | 1,801,313 | |||||||||||||||
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Selling and administrative expenses |
1,545,152 | 1,606,936 | 1,675,376 | 1,739,452 | 1,629,465 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
194,174 | 216,807 | 227,134 | 232,667 | 228,647 | |||||||||||||||
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Operating profit (loss) |
133,173 | 34,192 | (220,004 | ) | (54,603 | ) | (56,799 | ) | ||||||||||||
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred financing fees (b) |
(17,890 | ) | (29,507 | ) | (35,345 | ) | (35,304 | ) | (57,350 | ) | ||||||||||
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Earnings (loss) before taxes |
115,283 | 4,685 | (255,349 | ) | (89,907 | ) | (114,149 | ) | ||||||||||||
Income taxes |
78,687 | 51,953 | (97,543 | ) | (25,067 | ) | (45,276 | ) | ||||||||||||
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Earnings (loss) (net of income tax) |
36,596 | (47,268 | ) | (157,806 | ) | (64,840 | ) | (68,873 | ) | |||||||||||
Net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (c) |
| | | | 37 | |||||||||||||||
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Net earnings (loss) attributable to Barnes & Noble, Inc. |
$ | 36,596 | (47,268 | ) | (157,806 | ) | (64,840 | ) | (68,836 | ) | ||||||||||
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Earnings (loss) attributable to Barnes & Noble, Inc. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings (loss) |
$ | 36,596 | (47,268 | ) | (157,806 | ) | (64,840 | ) | (68,873 | ) | ||||||||||
Less loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
| | | | 37 | |||||||||||||||
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Net earnings (loss) attributable to Barnes & Noble, Inc. |
$ | 36,596 | (47,268 | ) | (157,806 | ) | (64,840 | ) | (68,836 | ) | ||||||||||
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Basic earnings per common share |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Barnes & Noble, Inc. |
$ | 0.21 | (1.12 | ) | (3.02 | ) | (1.34 | ) | (1.22 | ) | ||||||||||
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Diluted earnings per common share |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Barnes & Noble, Inc. |
$ | 0.21 | (1.12 | ) | (3.02 | ) | (1.34 | ) | (1.22 | ) | ||||||||||
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Dividends paid per share |
$ | | | | | 0.75 | ||||||||||||||
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Weighted average common shares outstanding |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
60,842 | 58,971 | 58,247 | 57,337 | 56,588 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted |
60,928 | 58,971 | 58,247 | 57,337 | 56,588 |
F-1
Fiscal Year (In thousands of dollars, except per share data) |
Fiscal 2015 |
Fiscal 2014 |
Fiscal 2013 |
Fiscal 2012 |
Fiscal 2011 |
|||||||||||||||
OTHER OPERATING DATA: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Number of stores |
||||||||||||||||||||
Barnes & Noble Retail |
648 | 661 | 675 | 691 | 705 | |||||||||||||||
Barnes & Noble College |
724 | 700 | 686 | 647 | 636 | |||||||||||||||
Total |
1,372 | 1,361 | 1,361 | 1,338 | 1,341 | |||||||||||||||
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Comparable sales increase (decrease) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Barnes & Noble Retail (d) |
(1.9 | )% | (5.8 | )% | (3.4 | )% | 1.4 | % | 0.7 | % | ||||||||||
Barnes & Noble Retail Core comparable sales (e) |
0.5 | % | (3.1 | )% | 0.1 | % | 0.7 | % | (8.3 | )% | ||||||||||
Barnes & Noble College (f) |
0.1 | % | (2.7 | )% | (1.2 | )% | (0.3 | )% | (0.8 | )% | ||||||||||
Capital expenditures |
$ | 143,257 | 134,981 | 165,835 | 163,552 | 110,502 | ||||||||||||||
BALANCE SHEET DATA: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 3,229,505 | 3,537,449 | 3,732,536 | 3,774,699 | 3,596,466 | ||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
$ | 1,844,088 | 2,300,559 | 2,443,631 | 2,730,155 | 2,675,969 | ||||||||||||||
Long-term debt |
$ | | | 77,000 | 324,200 | 313,100 | ||||||||||||||
Long-term subordinated note (g) |
$ | | | 127,250 | 150,000 | 150,000 | ||||||||||||||
Shareholders Equity |
$ | 1,189,358 | 658,696 | 713,743 | 852,271 | 920,497 |
(a) | Represents sales from NOOK to B&N Retail and B&N College on a sell-through basis. |
(b) | Amounts for fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014, fiscal 2013, fiscal 2012 and fiscal 2011 are net of interest income of $58, $190, $71, $0 and $320, respectively. |
(c) | Noncontrolling interest represents the 50% outside interest in Begin Smart LLC. During the second quarter of fiscal 2011, the Company purchased the remaining 50% outside interest in Begin Smart LLC. |
(d) | Comparable store sales increase (decrease) is calculated on a 52-week basis, including sales from stores that have been open for at least 15 months and all eReader device revenue deferred in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 605-25 Revenue Recognition, Multiple Element Arrangements, and does not include sales from closed or relocated stores. |
(e) | Core comparable store sales, which excludes sales of NOOK® products, increase (decrease) is calculated on a 52-week basis, including sales from stores that have been open for at least 15 months and does not include sales from closed or relocated stores. |
(f) | Comparable store sales increase (decrease) is calculated on a 52-week basis, including sales from stores that have been open for at least 15 months and does not include sales from closed stores for all periods presented. In fiscal 2012 through fiscal 2014, as the Company developed its textbook rental business, comparable store sales reflected the retail selling price of a new or used textbook when rented, rather than solely the rental fees received, to provide a more representative comparable store sales figure. Beginning with the 26 weeks ended November 1, 2014, as a result of the significant expansion of the textbook rental business as compared to prior periods, the comparable store sales are determined based upon the actual revenue received from textbook rentals and are no longer adjusted to reflect the equivalent textbook retail selling price. |
(g) | See Note 21 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
F-2
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Barnes & Noble, Inc.s (Barnes & Noble or the Company) fiscal year is comprised of 52 or 53 weeks, ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of April. As used in this section, fiscal 2015 represents the 52 weeks ended May 2, 2015, fiscal 2014 represents the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 and fiscal 2013 represents the 52 weeks ended April 27, 2013.
General
Barnes & Noble, one of the nations largest booksellers,1 is a leading content, commerce and technology company providing customers easy and convenient access to trade books, textbooks, magazines, newspapers and other content across its multi-channel distribution platform. As of May 2, 2015, the Company operates 1,372 bookstores in 50 states, including 724 bookstores on college campuses, operates one of the Webs largest eCommerce sites, develops digital reading products and operates one of the largest digital bookstores. Given the dynamic nature of the book industry, the challenges faced by traditional booksellers, and the robust innovation pipeline fueling new opportunities in hardware, software and content creation and delivery, Barnes & Noble is utilizing the strength of its retail footprint to bolster its leadership in selling content to drive sales across its multiple channels.
Of the 1,372 bookstores, Barnes & Noble Retail (B&N Retail) operates 648 retail bookstores, primarily under the Barnes & Noble Booksellers trade name, and includes the Companys eCommerce site. Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, LLC (B&N College) operates 724 college bookstores at colleges and universities across the United States, of which 154 stores are co-branded with the universities names and Barnes & Noble name. B&N Retail also includes Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. (Sterling or Sterling Publishing), a leader in general trade book publishing. The NOOK segment represents the Companys digital business, offering digital books and magazines for sale and consumption online, NOOK®2 reading devices, co-branded NOOK® devices and reading software for iOS, Android and Windows 8. The Company employed approximately 33,000 full and part-time employees as of May 2, 2015. Including seasonal and temporary employees, the Company employed approximately 41,000 employees as of May 2, 2015.
The Companys principal business is the sale of trade books (generally hardcover and paperback consumer titles), mass market paperbacks (such as mystery, romance, science fiction and other popular fiction), childrens books, eBooks and other digital content, textbooks and course-related materials, NOOK® and related accessories, bargain books, magazines, gifts, emblematic apparel and gifts, school and dorm supplies, café products and services, educational toys & games, music and movies direct to customers through its bookstores or on barnesandnoble.com. The Company also offers a textbook rental option to its customers, digital textbooks and other course materials through a proprietary digital platform (YuzuTM). The Company offers its customers a full suite of textbook optionsnew, used, digital and rental.
1 | Based upon sales reported in trade publications and public filings. |
2 | Any reference to NOOK® include the Companys Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® 7.0 and 10.1 devices and NOOK GlowLightTM, and each of which includes the trademark symbol (® or , as applicable) even if a trademark symbol is not included. |
F-3
To address dynamic changes in the book selling industry, Barnes & Noble has transformed its business from a store-based model to a multi-channel model centered on its retail stores, Internet and digital commerce. The Company offers readers the option of store visits, eCommerce, and digital delivery of books to devices of their choosing, including the NOOK® branded and co-branded tablets.
Barnes & Nobles strategy is to:
| utilize the strong Barnes & Noble brand and retail footprint to attract customers to its multi-channel platform; |
| drive content sales through the web, NOOK® eReaders and 3rd party devices; |
| use its infrastructure to deliver digital content to customers; and |
| continue to grow campus partnerships including store locations and students served while continuing its investment in the digital higher education business. |
The Company has a multi-channel marketing strategy that deploys various merchandising programs and promotional activities to drive traffic to both its stores and website. At the center of this program is the Companys website, barnesandnoble.com.
Separation of B&N Education, Inc.
On February 26, 2015, Barnes & Noble announced plans for the legal and structural separation of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. (Barnes & Noble Education or B&N Education) (formerly known as NOOK Media Inc.) from Barnes & Noble into an independent public company (the Spin-Off).
This Spin-Off is expected to be executed by means of a pro-rata distribution of B&N Educations common stock to Barnes & Nobles existing shareholders and is expected to be a non-taxable event for Barnes & Noble and its shareholders.
The distribution of B&N Educations common stock to Barnes & Noble shareholders is conditioned on, among other things, final approval of the Spin-Off plan by the Barnes & Noble Board of Directors; the receipt of opinions from external legal counsel and KPMG LLP to Barnes & Noble, confirming the tax-free status of the Spin-Off for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) declaring effective the Registration Statement, which was filed on a Registration Statement on Form S-1 with the SEC on February 26, 2015, which has been amended on April 29, 2015 and June 4, 2015.
History of B&N Education, Inc.
On September 30, 2009, Barnes & Noble acquired Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, LLC (B&N College) from Leonard and Louise Riggio. From that date until October 4, 2012, B&N College was wholly owned by Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. B&N Education was initially incorporated under the name NOOK Media Inc. in July 2012 to hold Barnes & Nobles B&N College and NOOK digital businesses. On October 4, 2012, Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft) acquired a 17.6% non-controlling preferred membership interest in B&N Educations subsidiary B&N Education, LLC (formerly NOOK Media LLC) (the LLC), and through B&N Education, Barnes & Noble maintained an 82.4% controlling interest of the B&N College and NOOK digital businesses.
On January 22, 2013, Pearson Education, Inc. (Pearson) acquired a 5% non-controlling preferred membership interest in the LLC, entered into a commercial agreement with the LLC relating to the B&N College business and received warrants to purchase an additional preferred membership interest in the LLC.
F-4
On December 4, 2014, B&N Education re-acquired Microsofts interest in the LLC in exchange for cash and common stock of Barnes & Noble and the Microsoft commercial agreement was terminated effective as of such date. On December 22, 2014, B&N Education also re-acquired Pearsons interest in the LLC and certain related warrants previously issued to Pearson. In connection with these transactions, Barnes & Noble entered into contingent payment agreements with Microsoft and Pearson providing for additional payments upon the occurrence of certain events, including upon a sale of the NOOK digital business. As a result of these transactions, Barnes & Noble owns, and will own prior to the Spin-Off, 100% of B&N Education.
On May 1, 2015, B&N Education distributed to Barnes & Noble all of the membership interests in B&N Educations NOOK digital business. As a result, B&N Education ceased to own any interest in the NOOK digital business, which will remain a wholly owned subsidiary of Barnes & Noble.
The Company expects that the completion of the potential separation of the Companys businesses could occur by the end of August 2015, although there can be no assurances regarding the timing of such potential separation or that such separation will be completed.
In connection with the closing of the acquisition of B&N College, the Company issued the sellers (i) a senior subordinated note in the principal amount of $100.0 million, with interest of 8% per annum payable on the unpaid principal amount, which was paid on December 15, 2010 in accordance with its scheduled date, and (ii) a junior subordinated note (the Junior Seller Note) in the principal amount of $150.0 million, payable in full on the fifth anniversary of the closing of the acquisition, with interest of 10% per annum payable on the unpaid principal amount. Pursuant to a settlement agreed to on June 13, 2012, the sellers have agreed to waive their right to receive $22.8 million in principal amount (and interest on such principal amount) of the Junior Seller Note. The net short-term payable of $127.3 million was paid in September 2014, in accordance with its terms.
Samsung Commercial Agreement
On June 4, 2014, NOOK Digital, LLC (NOOK Digital) (formerly barnesandnoble.com llc), a wholly owned subsidiary of B&N Education as of such date and a subsidiary of Barnes & Noble, entered into a commercial agreement (Agreement) with Samsung Electronics America, Inc. (Samsung) relating to tablets.
Pursuant to the Agreement, NOOK Digital, after good faith consultations with Samsung and subject to Samsungs agreement, selected Samsung tablet devices under development to be customized and co-branded by NOOK Digital. Such devices are produced by Samsung. The co-branded NOOK® tablet devices are sold by NOOK Digital through Barnes & Noble retail stores, www.barnesandnoble.com, www.nook.com and other Barnes & Noble websites. NOOK Digital and Samsung agreed to develop co-branded Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® tablets as the initial co-branded devices pursuant to the Agreement.
Under the Agreement, NOOK Digital committed to purchase a minimum of 1,000,000 NOOK-Samsung co-branded devices from Samsung within 12 months after the launch of the initial co-branded device, which launch occurred on August 20, 2014. The 12-month period was automatically extended by three months due to the quantity of sales of such co-branded devices through December 31, 2014, and the period was further extended until June 30, 2016 by an amendment executed by the parties on March 7, 2015.
F-5
NOOK Digital and Samsung have agreed to coordinate customer service for the co-branded NOOK® devices and have both agreed to a license of intellectual property to promote and market the devices. Additionally, Samsung has agreed to fund a marketing fund for the co-branded NOOK® devices at the initial launch and for the duration of the Agreement.
The Agreement has a two-year term, with certain termination rights, including termination (i) by NOOK Digital for a Samsung material default; (ii) by Samsung for a NOOK Digital material default; (iii) by NOOK Digital if Samsung fails to meet its shipping and delivery obligations in any material respect on a timely basis; and (iv) by either party upon insolvency or bankruptcy of the other party.
The companies introduced the Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® in a 7-inch version in the U.S. in August 2014 and a 10-inch version in October 2014. The co-branded device combines the popular Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 hardware with customized NOOK® software to give customers powerful, full-featured tablets that are designed for reading, with easy access to Barnes & Nobles expansive digital collection of approximately four million eBooks, digital magazines and newspapers.
Series J Preferred Shares
On August 18, 2011, the Company entered into an investment agreement between the Company and Liberty GIC, Inc. (Liberty) pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to Liberty, and Liberty purchased, 204,000 shares of the Companys Series J Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (Preferred Stock), for an aggregate purchase price of $204.0 million in a private placement exempt from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act. The shares of Preferred Stock will be convertible, at the option of the holders, into shares of Common Stock, representing 16.6% of the Common Stock outstanding as of August 29, 2011, (after giving pro forma effect to the issuance of the Preferred Stock), based on the initial conversion rate. The initial conversion rate reflects an initial conversion price of $17.00 and is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. The initial dividend rate for the Preferred Stock is equal to 7.75% per annum of the initial liquidation preference of the Preferred Stock to be paid quarterly and subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.
On April 8, 2014, Liberty sold the majority of its shares to qualified institutional buyers in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act and has retained an approximate 10 percent stake of its initial investment. As a result, Liberty will no longer have the right to elect two preferred stock directors to the Companys Board. Additionally, the consent rights and pre-emptive rights to which Liberty was previously entitled ceased to apply.
On June 5, 2015, the Company entered into conversion agreements with five existing beneficial owners (Series J Holders) of its Preferred Stock, pursuant to which each of the Series J Holders has agreed to convert (Conversion) shares of Preferred Stock it beneficially owns into shares of the Companys common stock, par value $0.001 per share (Company Common Stock), and will in addition receive a cash payment from the Company in connection with the Conversion. The Series J Holders have agreed to convert an aggregate of 103,995 shares of Preferred Stock into 6,117,347 shares of Company Common Stock in the Conversion, and the Company has agreed to make an aggregate cash payment to the Series J Holders of $8.1 million plus cash in lieu of fractional shares in connection with the Conversion, in each case, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. The Company expects to issue the shares of Company Common Stock to be issued in the Conversion on or about July 9, 2015.
The number of shares of Company Common Stock to be issued was determined based on a conversion ratio of 58.8235 shares of Company Common Stock per share of Preferred Stock converted, which is the conversion rate in the Certificate of the Designations with respect to the Preferred Stock dated as of August 18, 2011.
F-6
Segments
The Company identifies its operating segments based on the way the business is managed (focusing on the financial information distributed) and the manner in which the chief operating decision maker interacts with other members of management. The Companys three operating segments are B&N Retail, B&N College and NOOK.
B&N Retail
This segment includes 648 bookstores as of May 2, 2015, primarily under the Barnes & Noble Booksellers trade name. These stores generally offer a dedicated NOOK® area, a comprehensive trade book title base, a café, and departments dedicated to Juvenile, Toys & Games, DVDs, Music, Gift, Magazine and Bargain products. The stores also offer a calendar of ongoing events, including author appearances and childrens activities. The B&N Retail segment also includes the Companys eCommerce website, barnesandnoble.com, and its publishing operation, Sterling Publishing.
Barnes & Noble stores range in size from 3,000 to 60,000 square feet depending upon market size, with an overall average store size of 26,000 square feet. In fiscal 2015, the Company reduced the Barnes & Noble store base by approximately 271,000 square feet, bringing the total square footage to 17.1 million square feet, a net reduction of 1.6% from fiscal 2014. The Company did not open any new Barnes & Noble stores in fiscal 2015. Each Barnes & Noble store features an authoritative selection of books, ranging from 22,000 to 164,000 titles. The comprehensive title selection is diverse and reflects local interests. Bestsellers typically represent between approximately 4% and 6% of Barnes & Noble store sales. Product Master, the Companys proprietary inventory management database, has approximately 16.0 million titles. By enhancing the Companys existing merchandise replenishment systems, Product Master allows the Company to achieve high in-stock positions and productivity at the store level through efficiencies in receiving, cashiering and returns processing. Complementing this extensive on-site selection, all Barnes & Noble stores provide customers with access to the millions of books available to online shoppers at barnesandnoble.com while offering an option to have the book sent to the store or shipped directly to the customer. At the center of this eCommerce program is the Companys website, barnesandnoble.com.
Sterling Publishing
Sterling Publishing is a leading publisher of non-fiction trade titles. Founded in 1949, Sterling publishes a wide range of non-fiction and illustrated books and kits across a variety of imprints, in categories such as health & wellness, music & popular culture, food & wine, crafts & photography, puzzles & games and history & current affairs, as well as a large childrens line. Sterling, with a solid backlist and robust value publishing program, has a title base of approximately 16,000 eBooks and print books. In addition, Sterling also distributes approximately 800 titles on behalf of client publishers.
F-7
B&N College
B&N College is one of the largest contract operators of bookstores on college and university campuses across the United States. As of May 2, 2015, B&N College operated 724 stores nationwide. These stores are operated under 453 contracts, which can cover multiple stores and include over 5 million students and faculty. B&N Colleges customer base, which is mainly comprised of students and faculty, can purchase various items from their campus stores, including textbooks, textbook rentals and course-related materials, emblematic apparel and gifts, trade books, computer products, NOOK® products and related accessories, school and dorm supplies, convenience and café items. B&N College provides extensive textbook rental options to its customers and has expanded its digital textbooks and other course materials through a proprietary digital platform (Yuzu). A significant number of textbooks are now available in multiple formats: new, used, rental and digital (rental and ownership), resulting in improved choice and substantial student savings.
B&N College operates 688 traditional college bookstores and 36 academic superstores, which are generally larger in size, offer cafés and provide a sense of community that engages the surrounding campus and local communities in college activities and culture. The traditional bookstores range in size up to 48,000 square feet. The academic superstores range in size from 8,000 to 111,000 square feet.
B&N College generally operates its stores pursuant to multi-year management service agreements under which a school designates B&N College to operate the official school bookstore on campus and B&N College provides the school with regular payments that represent a percentage of store sales and, in some cases, include a minimum fixed guarantee.
B&N Colleges business strategy is to maintain long-term relationships with colleges and universities by providing high-quality service to college administrators, faculty and students. B&N College is poised for continued growth with approximately 52% of college and university affiliated bookstores in the United States being operated by their respective educational institutions. B&N College believes it will achieve this by increasing market share through new account acquisition and through strategic planning and outreach with its existing accounts to exploit opportunities and grow market share.
NOOK
This segment includes the Companys digital business, which includes the Companys eBookstore, digital newsstand and sales of NOOK® devices and accessories through B&N Retail, B&N College and third party distribution partners. The underlying strategy of the NOOK business is to offer customers any digital book, newspaper or magazine, anytime, on any device. The Company remains committed to delivering to customers the best digital bookstore experience, while rationalizing its existing cost structure. As part of this commitment, the Company entered into a partnership on June 4, 2014, to develop co-branded Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® tablets that feature the award-winning Barnes & Noble digital reading experience. The co-branded devices combined the popular Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 hardware with customized NOOK software to give customers powerful, full-featured tablets that are designed for reading, with easy access to Barnes & Nobles expansive digital collection of approximately four million eBooks, digital magazines and newspapers. The companies introduced the Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® in a 7-inch version in the U.S. in August 2014 and the 10-inch version in October 2014. The Company also intends to continue to offer the best black-and-white eReaders on the market, backed by quality customer service and technology support for those devices. The Company will continue to sell its existing device inventory as it segues into new products. At the same time, it will
F-8
leverage all Barnes & Noble retail, digital and partnership assets, as well as existing NOOK customer relationships. The Company intends to continue to provide the resources necessary for quality customer service and support sales of new devices and those in use by NOOKs existing customer base.
On June 5, 2014, the Company entered into an Assignment of Lease for its 208,000 square foot Palo Alto, California campus. Employees were relocated to new state-of-the-art facilities totaling 88,000 square feet. NOOK employees were moved to a new facility in Santa Clara, California, while Barnes & Noble Colleges digital education employees were relocated to a facility in Mountain View, California. The relocations occurred during the first quarter of fiscal 2015. This action resulted in a net reduction of annual occupancy expenses of approximately $9.6 million, reducing the Companys future lease commitments by approximately $102.1 million. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company recorded an asset impairment charge of $28.4 million related to this relocation. In the first quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company recorded a benefit, net of closing related costs, of $5.5 million primarily driven by the reversal of previously deferred rent liabilities upon exiting the facility.
The digital products group has knowledgeable product development and operational management teams in the areas of reading software, digital content retailing and mobile device development. NOOKs development office employs experienced engineers in its digital product area. The NOOK digital products management team is currently focused on next generation digital reading products to enhance the reading experience and help consumers discover content in new and interesting ways. The Digital Services team, which includes the Cloud and Commerce groups, is responsible for maintaining and developing the NOOK digital bookstore service.
Results of Operations
Fiscal Year |
Fiscal 2015 | Fiscal 2014 | Fiscal 2013 | |||||||||
Sales (in thousands) |
$ | 6,069,497 | $ | 6,381,357 | $ | 6,839,005 | ||||||
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Barnes & Noble, Inc. (in thousands) |
$ | 36,596 | $ | (47,268 | ) | $ | (157,806 | ) | ||||
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share |
$ | 0.21 | $ | (1.12 | ) | $ | (3.02 | ) | ||||
Comparable Sales Increase (Decrease) |
||||||||||||
Barnes & Noble Retail stores (a) |
(1.9 | )% | (5.8 | )% | (3.4 | )% | ||||||
Barnes & Noble Retail core sales (b) |
0.5 | % | (3.1 | )% | 0.1 | % | ||||||
Barnes & Noble College stores (c) |
0.1 | % | (2.7 | )% | (1.2 | )% | ||||||
Stores Opened |
||||||||||||
Barnes & Noble Retail stores |
0 | 3 | 2 | |||||||||
Barnes & Noble College stores |
48 | 30 | 49 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
48 | 33 | 51 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Stores Closed |
||||||||||||
Barnes & Noble Retail stores |
13 | 17 | 18 | |||||||||
Barnes & Noble College stores |
24 | 16 | 10 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
37 | 33 | 28 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Number of Stores Open at Year End |
||||||||||||
Barnes & Noble Retail stores |
648 | 661 | 675 | |||||||||
Barnes & Noble College stores |
724 | 700 | 686 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
1,372 | 1,361 | 1,361 | |||||||||
|
|
|
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Square Feet of Selling Space at Year End (in millions) |
||||||||||||
Barnes & Noble Retail stores |
17.1 | 17.4 | 17.7 |
(a) | Comparable store sales increase (decrease) is calculated on a 52-week basis, including sales from stores that have been open for at least 15 months and all eReader device revenue deferred in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605-25, Revenue Recognition, Multiple Element Arrangements, and does not include sales from closed or relocated stores. |
F-9
(b) | Core comparable store sales, which excludes sales of NOOK® products, increase (decrease) is calculated on a 52-week basis, including sales from stores that have been open for at least 15 months and does not include sales from closed or relocated stores. |
(c) | Comparable store sales increase (decrease) is calculated on a 52-week basis, including sales from stores that have been open for at least 15 months and does not include sales from closed stores for all periods presented. In fiscal 2012 through fiscal 2014, as the Company developed its textbook rental business, comparable store sales reflected the retail selling price of a new or used textbook when rented, rather than solely the rental fees received, to provide a more representative comparable store sales figure. Beginning with the 26 weeks ended November 1, 2014, as a result of the significant expansion of the textbook rental business as compared to prior periods, the comparable store sales are determined based upon the actual revenue received from textbook rentals and are no longer adjusted to reflect the equivalent textbook retail selling price. |
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage relationship that certain items bear to total sales of the Company:
Fiscal Year |
Fiscal 2015 | Fiscal 2014 | Fiscal 2013 | |||||||||
Sales |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Cost of sales and occupancy |
69.1 | 70.9 | 75.4 | |||||||||
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Gross margin |
30.9 | 29.1 | 24.6 | |||||||||
Selling and administrative expenses |
25.5 | 25.2 | 24.5 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
3.2 | 3.4 | 3.3 | |||||||||
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Operating income (loss) |
2.2 | 0.5 | (3.2 | ) | ||||||||
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred financing fees |
0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |||||||||
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Income (loss) before taxes |
1.9 | 0.1 | (3.7 | ) | ||||||||
Income taxes |
1.3 | 0.8 | (1.4 | ) | ||||||||
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Income (loss), net of income tax |
0.6 | % | (0.7 | )% | (2.3 | )% |
Business Overview
The Companys financial performance has been significantly impacted in recent years by a number of factors, including the expanding digital market, increased online competition and the economic downturn. However, the Company has benefited from reduced physical bookstore competition in the marketplace, the successful execution of new merchandising strategies, its ability to acquire new college contracts and by expanding its offerings to college students. Additionally, the Company has leveraged its unique assets, iconic brands and reach to become a significant aggregator and distributor of digital content, although competition from much larger companies with greater resources has challenged the Companys ability to maintain its share of the U.S. eBook market.
F-10
The Company derives the majority of its sales and net income from its B&N Retail and B&N College stores.
In recent years, B&N Retail has experienced declining sales trends due to secular industry challenges, including the growth of the digital book market and online shopping, declining sales of NOOK® devices and fewer stores. More recently, the Company has benefitted from improving book industry trends, including a moderation of the growth of the digital book market, as well as successful merchandising initiatives that increased store traffic and sales and drove positive trends in its Toys & Games and Gift businesses. Additionally, the Company continues to expect to benefit from further market consolidation as non-book retailers reduce their presence in the book category. The Company is making further investments in its retail business this fiscal year and is scheduled to launch a new eCommerce platform in June 2015, which it believes will allow it to be more competitive in the marketplace.
B&N College provides direct access to a large and well-educated demographic group, enabling the Company to build relationships with students throughout their college years and beyond. The Company also expects to be the beneficiary of market consolidation as more and more schools outsource their bookstore management. The Company is in a unique market position to benefit from this trend given its full suite of services: bookstore management, textbook rental and digital delivery. The Company is making further investments in its college business, including the launch of YuzuTM in March 2014, its developing digital education platform that provides access to a wide range of rich, engaging content, including digital textbooks and select consumer titles applicable to the higher education market. The Company believes higher education provides a long-term growth opportunity, both organically by adding additional bookstores to its outsourcing model, and also, through strategic acquisition and merger activity.
NOOK represents the Companys digital business, which includes the Companys eBookstore, digital newsstand and sales of NOOK® devices and accessories. The underlying strategy of the NOOK business is to offer customers any digital book, newspaper or magazine, anytime, on any device. The Company remains committed to delivering to customers the best digital bookstore experience, while rationalizing its existing cost structure. As part of this commitment, the Company entered into a partnership on June 4, 2014, to develop co-branded Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® tablets that feature the award-winning Barnes & Noble digital reading experience. The co-branded devices combined popular Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 hardware with customized NOOK software to give customers powerful, full-featured tablets that are designed for reading, with easy access to Barnes & Nobles expansive digital collection of approximately four million eBooks, digital magazines and newspapers. The companies introduced the Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® in a 7-inch version in the U.S. in August 2014 and a 10-inch version in October 2014. The Company also intends to continue to develop and offer the best black-and-white eReaders on the market, backed by quality customer service and technology support for those devices. At the same time, it will leverage all Barnes & Noble retail, digital and partnership assets, as well as existing NOOK customer relationships. The Company intends to continue to provide the resources necessary for quality customer service and support sales of new devices and those in use by NOOKs existing customer base, while continuing to rationalize the business.
The Company believes that its commercial partnership with Pearson will accelerate customer access to digital content by pairing Pearsons leading expertise in online learning with B&N Colleges expertise in digital reading technology, online commerce and customer service.
The Company believes its footprint of more than 1,300 stores will continue to be a major competitive asset in capturing digital content share. The Company will continue to complement its
F-11
traditional retail, trade book and college bookstores businesses with its electronic and Internet offerings, using retail stores in attractive geographic markets to promote and sell digital devices and content. Customers can see, feel and experiment with NOOK® products in the Companys stores.
Although the Company believes cash on hand, cash flows from operating activities, funds available from its credit facility and short-term vendor financing provide the Company with adequate liquidity and capital resources for seasonal working capital requirements, the Company may raise additional capital to support key strategic initiatives.
52 Weeks Ended May 2, 2015 Compared with 53 Weeks Ended May 3, 2014
Sales
The following table summarizes the Companys sales for the 52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 and 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014:
52 Weeks Ended | 53 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 2, 2015 |
% Total | May 3, 2014 |
% Total | ||||||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 4,108,243 | 67.7 | % | $ | 4,295,110 | 67.3 | % | ||||||||
B&N College |
1,772,389 | 29.2 | % | 1,748,042 | 27.4 | % | ||||||||||
NOOK |
263,833 | 4.3 | % | 505,862 | 7.9 | % | ||||||||||
Elimination |
(74,968 | ) | (1.2 | )% | (167,657 | ) | (2.6 | )% | ||||||||
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Total Sales |
$ | 6,069,497 | 100.0 | % | $ | 6,381,357 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
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|
|
The Companys sales decreased $311.9 million, or 4.9%, during fiscal 2015 to $6.07 billion from $6.38 billion during fiscal 2014. The changes by segment are as follows:
| B&N Retail sales for the 52 weeks ended May 2, 2015, decreased $186.9 million, or 4.4%, to $4.108 billion from $4.295 billion during the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014, and accounted for 67.7% of total Company sales. The inclusion of the 53rd week contributed $56.6 million of additional sales in fiscal 2014. Excluding the 53rd week, sales decreased $130.3 million, or 3.1%, for the year. The decrease was attributable to a 1.9% decrease in comparable store sales, which decreased sales by $68.7 million, closed stores, which decreased sales by $57.9 million and lower online sales, which declined by $16.3 million, or 4.6%. These unfavorable variances were partially offset by new stores, which increased sales by $5.8 million and a $7.3 million reimbursement resulting from favorable claims experience with a warranty service provider. B&N Retail also includes third-party sales of Sterling Publishing Co., Inc, which decreased by $1.6 million, or 3.9%, versus the prior year. |
Of the $68.7 million decrease in comparable store sales, sales of NOOK® products at B&N Retail stores declined $85.1 million, or 53.2%, primarily on lower device unit volume, slightly offset by higher average selling prices, while core comparable store sales, which exclude sales of NOOK® products, increased $16.4 million, or 0.5%, as compared to the prior year. Non-book core categories increased sales by $21.9 million primarily due to the continued growth of the Toys & Games and Gift businesses, as the Company increasingly becomes a differentiated destination for shoppers during the holiday season and throughout the year. Book categories decreased sales by $5.5 million primarily due to lower Trade and Juvenile sales, which is attributable to stronger titles in the prior year.
F-12
| B&N College sales increased $24.3 million, or 1.4%, to $1.772 billion during the 52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 from $1.748 billion during the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014, and accounted for 29.2% of total Company sales. The inclusion of the 53rd week in the prior year contributed $14.6 million of additional sales in fiscal 2014. Excluding the 53rd week, sales increased $38.9 million, or 2.2% for the year. New store openings over the past year increased sales by $71.0 million, partially offset by closed stores, which decreased sales by $22.9 million. Comparable store sales increased 0.1% or $1.4 million for the comparable sales period. General merchandise sales increased $22.2 million, or 4.7%, primarily due to strong emblematic apparel sales, partially offset by $17.9 million in decreased textbook sales as students continued to shift to lower priced rentals. General merchandise sales have continued to increase as B&N Colleges product assortments continue to emphasize and reflect the changing consumer trends and B&N College evolves its presentation concepts and merchandising of product in stores and online. |
| NOOK sales decreased $242.0 million, or 47.8%, to $263.8 million during the 52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 from $505.9 million during the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014, and accounted for 4.3% of total Company sales. The inclusion of the 53rd week contributed $9.2 million of additional sales in fiscal 2014. Device and accessories sales decreased $173.7 million, or 66.7%, to $86.5 million on lower unit sales, partially offset by higher average selling prices. Digital content sales decreased $68.3 million, or 27.8%, to $177.3 million during the 52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 on lower unit sales, partially offset by higher average selling prices. |
| The elimination represents sales from NOOK to B&N Retail and B&N College on a sell-through basis. The $92.7 million, or 55.3%, decrease versus the prior year was due to the lower device sales at B&N Retail. NOOK sales, net of elimination, accounted for 3.1% of total Company sales. |
In fiscal 2015, the Company closed 13 Barnes & Noble stores, bringing its total number of B&N Retail stores to 648 with 17.1 million square feet. In fiscal 2015, the Company added 48 B&N College stores and closed 24, ending the period with 724 B&N College stores. As of May 2, 2015, the Company operated 1,372 stores in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Cost of Sales and Occupancy
52 Weeks Ended | 53 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 2, 2015 |
% Sales | May 3, 2014 |
% Sales | ||||||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 2,796,521 | 68.1 | % | $ | 2,956,821 | 68.8 | % | ||||||||
B&N College |
1,328,139 | 74.9 | % | 1,310,673 | 75.0 | % | ||||||||||
NOOK |
147,306 | 55.8 | % | 423,585 | 83.7 | % | ||||||||||
Elimination |
(74,968 | ) | (28.4 | )% | (167,657 | ) | (33.1 | )% | ||||||||
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Total Cost of Sales and Occupancy |
$ | 4,196,998 | 69.1 | % | $ | 4,523,422 | 70.9 | % | ||||||||
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|
|
The Companys cost of sales and occupancy includes costs such as merchandise costs, distribution center costs (including payroll, freight, supplies, depreciation and other operating expenses), rental expense, management service agreement costs with schools, common area maintenance and real estate taxes, partially offset by landlord tenant allowances amortized over the life of the lease.
F-13
Cost of sales and occupancy decreased $326.4 million, or 7.2%, to $4.20 billion in fiscal 2015 from $4.52 billion in fiscal 2014. Cost of sales and occupancy decreased as a percentage of sales to 69.1% in fiscal 2015 from 70.9% in fiscal 2014. The change as a percentage of sales by segment is as follows:
| B&N Retail cost of sales and occupancy decreased as a percentage of sales to 68.1% in fiscal 2015 from 68.8% in fiscal 2014. This decrease was attributable to a higher sales mix of higher margin core products (which exclude NOOK® products), which decreased cost of goods sold and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 60 basis points, lower core product markdowns, which decreased cost of goods sold and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 30 basis points on a lower mix of bestselling titles, increased vendor allowances on additional showroom partnerships, which decreased cost of sales and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 60 basis points and a $7.3 million reimbursement resulting from favorable claims experience with a warranty service provider (included in sales), which decreased cost of goods sold and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 20 basis points. These favorable variances were partially offset by higher occupancy costs, which increased cost of goods sold and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 40 basis points, expense deleverage of 35 basis points against the sales decline and lower vendor settlements of 20 basis points. |
| B&N College cost of sales and occupancy decreased as a percentage of sales to 74.9% in fiscal 2015 from 75.0% in fiscal 2014 on a favorable sales mix of higher margin textbook rentals and general merchandise, which decreased cost of goods sold and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 70 basis points and margin improvements, primarily on textbook rentals, which decreased cost of goods sold and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 40 basis points. These variances were partially offset by higher occupancy costs resulting from contract renewals, which increased cost of sales and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 55 basis points and comparisons to a prior year favorable LIFO adjustment of $7.7 million, which resulted in an increase to cost of sales and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 45 basis points. |
| NOOK cost of sales and occupancy decreased as a percentage of sales to 55.8% in fiscal 2015 from 83.7% in fiscal 2014. This decrease is due to a higher mix of higher margin content sales, lower occupancy, freight and returns in the current year, as well as improved margin on devices. |
The current year includes a benefit from the adjustment of lease accounting items to reflect the impact of the Palo Alto relocations. This benefit, net of closing related costs, of $5.5 million was primarily driven by the reversal of previously deferred rent liabilities upon exiting the facility. In addition, cost of goods sold and occupancy included the recognition of a $6.9 million benefit on the settlement of previously estimated and accrued parts and components liabilities.
The current year also includes higher device recoverability rates resulting from a new relationship with a third-party purchaser of returned product.
The prior year included a reduction in cost of sales of $25.7 million as the Company sold through devices at higher average selling prices than originally anticipated, and also was able to use parts and components, which were previously written down, to build more devices to meet higher than expected demand. The prior year also included $21.8 million of inventory charges to write down device development and other costs reflective of the Companys revised device strategy.
F-14
Gross Margin
52 Weeks Ended | 53 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 2, 2015 |
% Sales | May 3, 2014 |
% Sales | ||||||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 1,311,722 | 31.9 | % | $ | 1,338,289 | 31.2 | % | ||||||||
B&N College |
444,250 | 25.1 | % | 437,369 | 25.0 | % | ||||||||||
NOOK |
116,527 | 61.7 | % | 82,277 | 24.3 | % | ||||||||||
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Total Gross Margin |
$ | 1,872,499 | 30.9 | % | $ | 1,857,935 | 29.1 | % | ||||||||
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The Companys consolidated gross margin increased $14.6 million, or 0.8%, to $1.87 billion in fiscal 2015 from $1.86 billion in fiscal 2014. This increase was due to the matters discussed above.
Selling and Administrative Expenses
52 Weeks Ended | 53 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 2, 2015 |
% Sales | May 3, 2014 |
% Sales | ||||||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 989,223 | 24.1 | % | $ | 984,236 | 22.9 | % | ||||||||
B&N College |
353,130 | 19.9 | % | 322,819 | 18.5 | % | ||||||||||
NOOK |
202,799 | 107.4 | % | 299,881 | 88.7 | % | ||||||||||
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|
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Total Selling and Administrative Expenses |
$ | 1,545,152 | 25.5 | % | $ | 1,606,936 | 25.2 | % | ||||||||
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|
|
Selling and administrative expenses decreased $61.8 million, or 3.8%, to $1.55 billion in fiscal 2015 from $1.61 billion in fiscal 2014. The current year includes $11.5 million of separation related costs. Selling and administrative expenses increased as a percentage of sales to 25.5% in fiscal 2015 from 25.2% in fiscal 2014. The change as a percentage of sales by segment is as follows:
| B&N Retail selling and administrative expenses increased as a percentage of sales to 24.1% in fiscal 2015 from 22.9% in fiscal 2014. This increase was primarily due to deleveraging against the sales decline of 30 basis points, primarily due to store payroll given the comparable store sales decline. The increase also included higher professional fees which increased selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales by 30 basis points (including separation-related costs and legal fees), a pension settlement charge, which increased selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales by 20 basis points and higher advertising costs, which increased selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales by 10 basis points. |
| B&N College selling and administrative expenses increased as a percentage of sales to 19.9% in fiscal 2015 from 18.5% in fiscal 2014. This increase included continued investments in Yuzu, which increased $3.0 million, or 15 basis points, to $24.3 million in fiscal 2015, as compared to $21.3 million in fiscal 2014. Excluding Yuzu, B&N Colleges selling and administrative expenses increased as a percentage of sales by 130 basis points, due primarily to higher store payroll and operating expenses, including benefits and marketing, which increased selling and |
F-15
administrative expenses as a percentage of sales by 60 basis points, planned infrastructure costs to support business growth increased selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales by 40 basis points and separation-related costs increased selling and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales by 15 basis points. |
| NOOK selling and administrative expenses increased as a percentage of sales to 107.4% in fiscal 2015 from 88.7% in fiscal 2014. The prior year included a $28.4 million asset impairment resulting from the relocation of the Palo Alto, CA facility. Excluding the impairment charge, SG&A expenses as a percentage of sales increased on sales deleverage. On a dollar basis excluding this charge, expenses declined $69.0 million primarily on cost rationalization, including compensation, legal and consulting costs of approximately $46.6 million, lower advertising costs of $12.0 million and lower variable expenses commensurate with the sales decline. |
Depreciation and Amortization
52 Weeks Ended | 53 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 2, 2015 |
% Sales | May 3, 2014 |
% Sales | ||||||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 104,373 | 2.5 | % | $ | 125,991 | 2.9 | % | ||||||||
B&N College |
50,509 | 2.8 | % | 48,014 | 2.7 | % | ||||||||||
NOOK |
39,292 | 20.8 | % | 42,802 | 12.7 | % | ||||||||||
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|
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Total Depreciation and Amortization |
$ | 194,174 | 3.2 | % | $ | 216,807 | 3.4 | % | ||||||||
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|
Depreciation and amortization decreased $22.6 million, or 10.4%, to $194.2 million in fiscal 2015 from $216.8 million in fiscal 2014. This decrease was primarily attributable to fully depreciated assets and store closings at B&N Retail, partially offset by additional capital expenditures.
Operating Profit (Loss)
52 Weeks Ended | 53 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 2, 2015 |
% Sales | May 3, 2014 |
% Sales | ||||||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 218,126 | 5.3 | % | $ | 228,062 | 5.3 | % | ||||||||
B&N College |
40,611 | 2.3 | % | 66,536 | 3.8 | % | ||||||||||
NOOK |
(125,564 | ) | (66.5 | )% | (260,406 | ) | (77.0 | )% | ||||||||
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Total Operating Profit |
$ | 133,173 | 2.2 | % | $ | 34,192 | 0.5 | % | ||||||||
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The Companys consolidated operating profit increased $99.0 million, or 289.5%, to an operating profit of $133.2 million in fiscal 2015 from an operating profit of $34.2 million in fiscal 2014. This increase was due to the matters discussed above.
F-16
Interest Expense, Net and Amortization of Deferred Financing Fees
52 Weeks Ended | 53 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 2, 2015 |
May 3, 2014 |
% of Change | |||||||||
Interest Expense, Net and Amortization of Deferred Financing Fees |
$ | 17,890 | $ | 29,507 | (39.4 | )% | ||||||
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|
Net interest expense and amortization of deferred financing fees decreased $11.6 million, or 39.4%, to $17.9 million in fiscal 2015 from $29.5 million in fiscal 2014. This decrease was due to lower interest related to the repayment of the Junior Seller Note in September 2014, lower average borrowings and the terminated Microsoft commercial agreement.
Income Taxes
52 Weeks Ended | 53 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 2, 2015 |
Effective Rate |
May 3, 2014 |
Effective Rate |
||||||||||||
Income Taxes |
$ | 78,687 | 68.3 | % | $ | 51,953 | 1,108.9 | % | ||||||||
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|
The Company recorded an income tax provision in fiscal 2015 of $78.7 million compared with income tax provision of $52.0 million in fiscal 2014. The Companys effective tax rate decreased to 68.3% in fiscal 2015 compared with 1,108.9% in fiscal 2014. The lower effective tax rate in fiscal 2015 was due primarily to the impacts of loss allocations within the Companys NOOK Media joint venture and non-deductible expenses, partly offset by valuation allowances, R&D tax credits and changes to unrecognized tax benefits.
In accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) rules on accounting for income taxes, the Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets at each reporting date. The Company records a valuation allowance when it determines that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a particular deferred tax asset will not be realized. As part of this evaluation, the Company reviews all evidence, both positive and negative, to determine if a valuation allowance is needed. The Companys review of positive evidence included the review of feasible tax planning strategies that may be implemented and the reversal of temporary items. The Company determined that there was sufficient negative evidence to establish valuation allowances against certain deferred tax assets generated during this fiscal year, totaling $1.2 million. The Company will monitor the need for additional valuation allowances at each quarter in the future and, if the negative evidence outweighs the positive evidence, an allowance will be recorded.
F-17
Net Earnings (Loss)
52 Weeks Ended | 53 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 2, 2015 |
Diluted EPS |
May 3, 2014 |
Diluted EPS |
||||||||||||
Net Income (Loss) |
$ | 36,596 | $ | 0.21 | $ | (47,268 | ) | $ | (1.12 | ) | ||||||
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|
As a result of the factors discussed above, the Company reported a consolidated net income of $36.6 million (or $0.21 per diluted share) during fiscal 2015, compared with consolidated net loss of $(47.3) million (or $1.12 per diluted share) during fiscal 2014.
53 Weeks Ended May 3, 2014 Compared with 52 Weeks Ended April 27, 2013
Sales
The following table summarizes the Companys sales for the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 and 52 weeks ended April 27, 2013:
53 Weeks Ended | 52 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 3, 2014 |
% Total | April 27, 2013 |
% Total | ||||||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 4,295,110 | 67.3 | % | $ | 4,568,243 | 66.8 | % | ||||||||
B&N College |
1,748,042 | 27.4 | % | 1,763,248 | 25.8 | % | ||||||||||
NOOK |
505,862 | 7.9 | % | 780,433 | 11.4 | % | ||||||||||
Elimination |
(167,657 | ) | (2.6 | )% | (272,919 | ) | (4.0 | )% | ||||||||
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|
|||||||||
Total Sales |
$ | 6,381,357 | 100.0 | % | $ | 6,839,005 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
The Companys sales decreased $457.7 million, or 6.7%, during fiscal 2014 to $6.38 billion from $6.84 billion during fiscal 2013. The decrease by segment is as follows:
| B&N Retail sales decreased $273.1 million, or 6.0%, to $4.30 billion during the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 from $4.57 billion during the 52 weeks ended April 27, 2013, and accounted for 67.3% of total Company sales. The inclusion of the 53rd week contributed $56.6 million in additional sales in fiscal 2014. Excluding the 53rd week, sales decreased $329.7 million, or 7.2%, for the year. The decrease was attributable to a 5.8% decrease in comparable store sales, which decreased sales by $224.6 million and lower online sales, which declined by $32.3 million. Closed stores decreased sales by $81.8 million, partially offset by new stores, which increased sales by $19.0 million. B&N Retail also includes third-party sales of Sterling Publishing, which declined $6.6 million, or 5.7%, versus the prior year. |
Of the $224.6 million decrease in comparable store sales, core comparable store sales, which exclude sales of NOOK® products, decreased $112.7 million, or 3.1%, as compared to the prior year, while sales of NOOK® products at B&N Retail stores declined $111.8 million on lower device unit volume and lower average selling prices. Core comparable sales were impacted by comparisons to the strong sales of the Fifty Shades and Hunger Games trilogies in the prior year. Excluding these trilogies, core comparable store sales decreased $60.4 million or 1.7%. Core
F-18
comparable store sales were impacted by lower physical book sales, which decreased sales by $45.0 million and a decrease in non-book core categories of $15.4 million. Non-book core categories include Toys & Games, Gift, Café and other items. Core sales trends benefitted from a strong line-up of bestselling book titles, merchandising initiatives and a holiday advertising campaign. The Companys management believes this campaign created greater awareness of the in-store shopping experience and expanded depth and breadth of product offerings.
| B&N College sales decreased $15.2 million, or 0.9%, to $1.75 billion during the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 from $1.76 billion during the 52 weeks ended April 27, 2013, and accounted for 27.4% of total Company sales. The inclusion of the 53rd week contributed $14.6 million in additional sales in fiscal 2014. Excluding the 53rd week, sales decreased $29.8 million, or 2.2%, for the year. Comparable sales dollars decreased sales by $73.5 million, or 2.7%, for the year. Recognition of previously deferred rental revenues increased sales by $2.0 million for the year. Closed stores decreased sales by $21.2 million, offset by new store openings, which increased sales by $63.2 million. |
The comparable store sales decline of 2.7% was attributable to lower textbook sales, which decreased sales by $150.3 million, partially offset by higher textbook rentals, which increased sales by $70.1 million and higher general merchandise sales, which increased sales by $14.3 million. While comparable store sales percentages were adjusted for the impact of textbook rentals, sales dollars were negatively impacted by the continued growth of textbook rentals, which have a lower price than new or used textbooks, and a portion of rental sales are deferred over the rental period. As B&N College expanded its textbook rental offerings, its consumers have been shifting away from higher priced textbook purchases to lower priced rental options. General merchandise sales have continued to increase as B&N College continues to expand its product offerings in its stores.
| NOOK sales decreased $274.6 million, or 35.2 %, to $505.9 million during the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 from $780.4 million during the 52 weeks ended April 27, 2013. The inclusion of the 53rd week contributed $9.2 million in additional sales in fiscal 2014. Device and accessories sales decreased $211.0 million, or 44.8%, to $260.3 million during the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 on lower device unit volume and lower average selling prices. Two new tablet products were launched in fiscal 2013 versus one new e-Ink product in fiscal 2014, as the Company sold through most of its existing device inventories at reduced prices. Digital content sales decreased $63.6 million, or 20.6%, to $245.6 million during the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014. The digital content decrease was primarily due to lower device unit volume throughout the year, lower average selling prices and comparisons to the Fifty Shades and Hunger Games trilogies in the prior year. Excluding the impact of these two trilogies, digital content sales decreased 17.5% during the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014. |
| The elimination represents sales from NOOK to B&N Retail and B&N College on a sell-through basis. The decrease versus prior year was due to the lower device sales at B&N Retail. NOOK sales, net of this elimination, accounted for 5.3% of total Company sales. |
In fiscal 2014, the Company opened three and closed 17 Barnes & Noble stores, bringing its total number of B&N Retail stores to 661 with 17.4 million square feet. In fiscal 2014, the Company added 30 B&N College stores and closed 16, ending the period with 700 B&N College stores. As of May 3, 2014, the Company operated 1,361 stores in the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
F-19
Cost of Sales and Occupancy
53 Weeks Ended | 52 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 3, 2014 |
% Sales | April 27, 2013 |
% Sales | ||||||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 2,956,821 | 68.8 | % | $ | 3,168,520 | 69.4 | % | ||||||||
B&N College |
1,310,673 | 75.0 | % | 1,358,172 | 77.0 | % | ||||||||||
NOOK |
423,585 | 83.7 | % | 902,726 | 115.7 | % | ||||||||||
Elimination |
(167,657 | ) | (33.1 | )% | (272,919 | ) | (35.0 | )% | ||||||||
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Total Cost of Sales and Occupancy |
$ | 4,523,422 | 70.9 | % | $ | 5,156,499 | 75.4 | % | ||||||||
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The Companys cost of sales and occupancy includes costs such as merchandise costs, distribution center costs (including payroll, freight, supplies, depreciation and other operating expenses), rental expense, management service agreement costs with schools, common area maintenance and real estate taxes, partially offset by landlord tenant allowances amortized over the life of the lease.
Cost of sales and occupancy decreased $633.1 million, or 12.3%, to $4.52 billion in fiscal 2014 from $5.16 billion in fiscal 2013. Cost of sales and occupancy decreased as a percentage of sales to 70.9% in fiscal 2014 from 75.4% in fiscal 2013. The decrease by segment is as follows:
| B&N Retail cost of sales and occupancy decreased as a percentage of sales to 68.8% in fiscal 2014 from 69.4% in fiscal 2013. This decrease was attributable to a higher sales mix of higher margin core products (which excludes NOOK® products), which decreased costs of goods sold and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 70 basis points, increased vendor allowances on additional showroom partnerships, which decreased costs of sales and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 30 basis points, and favorable settlements, which decreased costs of sales and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 35 basis points on improvements to the distribution center accrual reconciliation process. These favorable variances were partially offset by higher occupancy costs, which increased cost of goods sold and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 60 basis points and expense deleverage of 10 basis points against the sales decline, as described above. |
| B&N College cost of sales and occupancy decreased as a percentage of sales to 75.0% in fiscal 2014 from 77.0% in fiscal 2013 due to a favorable sales mix of higher margin textbook rentals and general merchandise, which decreased costs of goods sold and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 160 basis points and a $7.7 million favorable LIFO adjustment this year compared to a $2.2 million unfavorable LIFO adjustment last year, which decreased costs of goods sold and occupancy as a percentage of sales by 55 basis points. These were partially offset by higher occupancy costs as a percentage of sales of 15 basis points as a result of contract renewals. As B&N College expanded its textbook rental offerings, its consumers have been shifting away from higher priced textbook purchases to lower priced rental options. General merchandise sales have continued to increase as B&N College continues to expand its general merchandise product offerings in its stores. |
F-20
| NOOK cost of sales and occupancy decreased as a percentage of sales to 83.7% in fiscal 2014 from 115.7% in fiscal 2013. During fiscal 2013, the Company recorded $222.2 million of additional inventory related charges, of which $189.7 million was recorded to cost of sales and the remainder related to sales allowances, as the holiday sales shortfall resulted in higher than anticipated levels of finished and unfinished goods. The current year includes a reduction in cost of sales of $25.7 million as the Company sold through devices at higher average selling prices than originally anticipated, and also was able to use parts and components, which were previously written down, to build more devices to meet higher than expected demand. The current year also includes $21.8 million of inventory charges to write down device development and other costs reflective of changes to the Companys device strategy. |
Gross Margin
53 Weeks Ended | 52 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 3, 2014 |
% Sales | April 27, 2013 |
% Sales | ||||||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 1,338,289 | 31.2 | % | $ | 1,399,723 | 30.6 | % | ||||||||
B&N College |
437,369 | 25.0 | % | 405,076 | 23.0 | % | ||||||||||
NOOK |
82,277 | 24.3 | % | (122,293 | ) | (24.1 | )% | |||||||||
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Total Gross Margin |
$ | 1,857,935 | 29.1 | % | $ | 1,682,506 | 24.6 | % | ||||||||
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The Companys consolidated gross margin increased $175.4 million, or 10.4%, to $1.86 billion in fiscal 2014 from $1.68 billion in fiscal 2013. This increase was due to the matters discussed above.
Selling and Administrative Expenses
53 Weeks Ended | 52 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 3, 2014 |
% Sales | April 27, 2013 |
% Sales | ||||||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 984,236 | 22.9 | % | $ | 1,023,633 | 22.4 | % | ||||||||
B&N College |
322,819 | 18.5 | % | 293,618 | 16.7 | % | ||||||||||
NOOK |
299,881 | 88.7 | % | 358,125 | 70.6 | % | ||||||||||
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Total Selling and Administrative Expenses |
$ | 1,606,936 | 25.2 | % | $ | 1,675,376 | 24.5 | % | ||||||||
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Selling and administrative expenses decreased $68.4 million, or 4.1%, to $1.61 billion in fiscal 2014 from $1.68 billion in fiscal 2013. Selling and administrative expenses increased as a percentage of sales to 25.2% in fiscal 2014 from 24.5% in fiscal 2013. The change as a percentage of sales by segment is as follows:
| B&N Retail selling and administrative expenses increased as a percentage of sales to 22.9% in fiscal 2014 from 22.4% in fiscal 2013. This increase was primarily due to deleveraging against the sales decline of 55 basis points, primarily store payroll and corporate overhead costs, given the comparable store sales decline. |
F-21
| B&N College selling and administrative expenses increased as a percentage of sales to 18.5% in fiscal 2014 from 16.7% in fiscal 2013. This increase was primarily due to deleveraging against the sales decline as well as continued investments in YuzuTM, B&N Colleges digital education platform. The investment in Yuzu increased $13.9 million, or 80 basis points, to $21.3 million in fiscal 2014, as compared to $7.4 million in fiscal 2013. Excluding Yuzu, B&N Colleges selling and administrative expenses increased by 100 basis points as a percentage of sales, as store payroll and corporate overhead costs delevered against the comparable store sales decline. |
| NOOK selling and administrative expenses increased as a percentage of sales to 88.7% in fiscal 2014 from 70.6% in fiscal 2013. The current year includes a $28.4 million asset impairment resulting from the relocation of the Palo Alto, CA facility. The prior year included $20.3 million of impairment charges, primarily including goodwill. Excluding these impairment charges, selling and administrative expenses increased to 80.3% from 66.6% primarily due to sales deleverage. On a dollar basis, excluding these impairment charges, expenses declined $66.4 million primarily on lower advertising costs of $48.5 million, and a reduction in consulting expenses of $14.4 million. |
Depreciation and Amortization
53 Weeks Ended | 52 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 3, 2014 |
% Sales | April 27, 2013 |
% Sales | ||||||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 125,991 | 2.9 | % | $ | 148,855 | 3.3 | % | ||||||||
B&N College |
48,014 | 2.7 | % | 46,849 | 2.7 | % | ||||||||||
NOOK |
42,802 | 12.7 | % | 31,430 | 6.2 | % | ||||||||||
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Total Depreciation and Amortization |
$ | 216,807 | 3.4 | % | $ | 227,134 | 3.3 | % | ||||||||
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Depreciation and amortization decreased $10.3 million, or 4.5%, to $216.8 million in fiscal 2014 from $227.1 million in fiscal 2013. This decrease was primarily attributable to store closings and fully depreciated assets, partially offset by additional capital expenditures.
Operating Profit (Loss)
53 Weeks Ended | 52 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 3, 2014 |
% Sales | April 27, 2013 |
% Sales | ||||||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 228,062 | 5.3 | % | $ | 227,235 | 5.0 | % | ||||||||
B&N College |
66,536 | 3.8 | % | 64,609 | 3.7 | % | ||||||||||
NOOK |
(260,406 | ) | (77.0 | )% | (511,848 | ) | (100.9 | )% | ||||||||
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Total Operating Profit (Loss) |
$ | 34,192 | 0.5 | % | $ | (220,004 | ) | (3.2 | )% | |||||||
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The Companys consolidated operating profit increased $254.2 million, or 115.5%, to an operating profit of $34.2 million in fiscal 2014 from an operating loss of $(220.0) million in fiscal 2013. This increase was due to the matters discussed above.
F-22
Interest Expense, Net and Amortization of Deferred Financing Fees
53 Weeks Ended | 52 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 3, 2014 |
April 27, 2013 |
% of Change | |||||||||
Interest Expense, Net and Amortization of Deferred Financing Fees |
$ | 29,507 | $ | 35,345 | (16.5 | )% | ||||||
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Net interest expense and amortization of deferred financing fees decreased $5.8 million, or 16.5%, to $29.5 million in fiscal 2014 from $35.3 million in fiscal 2013. This decrease was due to lower average borrowings in the current year.
Income Taxes
53 Weeks Ended | 52 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 3, 2014 |
Effective Rate |
April 27, 2013 |
Effective Rate |
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Income Taxes |
$ | 51,953 | 1,108.9 | % | $ | (97,543 | ) | 38.2 | % | |||||||
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The Company recorded an income tax provision in fiscal 2014 of $52.0 million compared with income tax benefit of $(97.5) million in fiscal 2013. The Companys effective tax rate increased to 1,108.9% in fiscal 2014 compared with 38.2% in fiscal 2013. The higher effective tax rate in fiscal 2014 was due primarily to the impacts of valuation allowances, loss allocations within the Companys NOOK Media joint venture and non-deductible expenses, partly offset by R&D tax credits, state loss carryforwards and changes to unrecognized tax benefits.
In accordance with U.S. GAAP rules on accounting for income taxes, the Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets at each reporting date. The Company records a valuation allowance when it determines that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a particular deferred tax asset will not be realized. As part of this evaluation, the Company reviewed all evidence, both positive and negative, to determine if a valuation allowance was needed. The Companys review of positive evidence included the review of feasible tax planning strategies that may be implemented and the reversal of temporary items. The Company determined that there was sufficient negative evidence to establish valuation allowances against certain deferred tax assets generated during fiscal 2014, totaling $19.2 million. The Company will monitor the need for additional valuation allowances at each quarter in the future and, if the negative evidence outweighs the positive evidence, an allowance will be recorded.
F-23
Net Earnings (Loss)
53 Weeks Ended | 52 Weeks Ended | |||||||||||||||
Dollars in thousands |
May 3, 2014 |
Diluted EPS | April 27, 2013 |
Diluted EPS | ||||||||||||
Net Loss |
$ | (47,268 | ) | $ | (1.12 | ) | $ | (157,806 | ) | $ | (3.02 | ) | ||||
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As a result of the factors discussed above, the Company reported a consolidated net loss of $(47.3) million (or $1.12 per diluted share) during fiscal 2014, compared with consolidated net loss of $(157.8) million (or $3.02 per diluted share) during fiscal 2013.
Seasonality
The B&N Retail business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal, with the major portion of sales and operating profit realized during its third fiscal quarter, which includes the holiday selling season.
The B&N College business is highly seasonal, with the major portion of sales and operating profit realized during the second and third fiscal quarters, when college students generally purchase and rent textbooks for the upcoming semesters. Revenues from textbook rentals, which primarily occur at the beginning of the semester, are recognized over the rental period.
The NOOK business, like that of many technology companies, is impacted by the launch of new products and the promotional efforts to support those new products, as well as the traditional retail holiday selling seasonality.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The primary sources of the Companys cash are net cash flows from operating activities, funds available under its credit facility and short-term vendor financing.
The Companys cash and cash equivalents were $74.4 million as of May 2, 2015, compared with $340.2 million as of May 3, 2014. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $265.8 million versus the prior year period includes payment of $76.2 million in cash to re-acquire the Companys preferred membership interests in NOOK Media Inc., repayment of the Junior Seller Note of $127.3 million on September 30, 2014, and changes in working capital as outlined below.
The Company had no borrowings under its $1.0 billion credit facility at May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014.
Additional year-over-year balance sheet changes include the following:
| Receivables, net decreased $45.4 million, or 31.5%, to $98.6 million as of May 2, 2015, compared to $144.0 million as of May 3, 2014. This decrease was attributable to lower channel partner business and the collection of eBook settlement receivables. |
| Merchandise inventories increased $58.5 million, or 4.7%, to $1.293 billion as of May 2, 2015, compared to $1.235 billion as of May 3, 2014. Retail inventories increased $31.6 million, or 3.3%, |
F-24
on higher Toys & Games and Juvenile positions to support sales increases in these categories. B&N College inventories increased $22.1 million, or 8.0%, primarily due to new store growth. NOOK inventories increased $4.8 million, or 39.5%, versus the prior year on lower than expected device sales volume. |
| Textbook rental inventories increased $4.7 million, or 9.4%, to $55.1 million as of May 2, 2015, compared to $50.3 million as of May 3, 2014. |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets decreased $1.2 million, or 1.9%, to $65.3 million as of May 2, 2015 compared to $66.6 million as of May 3, 2014. |
| Short-term deferred taxes decreased $1.9 million, or 1.3%, to $142.8 million as of May 2, 2015, compared to $144.7 million as of May 3, 2014. This decrease is primarily due to a reversal of timing differences and a change in valuation allowances. |
| Property and equipment, net decreased $41.4 million, or 8.4%, to $449.3 million as of May 2, 2015, compared to $490.7 million as of May 3, 2014 as depreciation outpaced capital expenditures. |
| Intangible assets, net decreased $14.7 million, or 2.8%, to $513.8 million as of May 2, 2015, compared to $528.6 million as of May 3, 2014 on additional amortization. |
| Other noncurrent assets increased $3.3 million, or 7.3%, to $47.8 million as of May 2, 2015, compared to $44.5 million as of May 3, 2014. |
| Accounts payable decreased $80.0 million, or 10.9%, to $655.1 million as of May 2, 2015, compared to $735.1 million as of May 3, 2014. Accounts payable were 50.7% and 59.5% of merchandise inventory as of May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014, respectively. The decline is primarily due to product mix and the timing of purchases and returns. |
| Accrued liabilities decreased $68.5 million, or 13.6%, to $434.0 million as of May 2, 2015, compared to $502.6 million as of May 3, 2014. Accrued liabilities include deferred income, accrued taxes, compensation, occupancy related, legal and other selling and administrative miscellaneous accruals. This decrease was primarily due to reductions in income tax liabilities, device related liabilities and the eBook settlement liability. |
| Gift card liabilities increased $1.4 million, or 0.4%, to $358.1 million as of May 2, 2015, compared to $356.7 million as of May 3, 2014. The Company estimates the portion of the gift card liability for which the likelihood of redemption is remote based upon the Companys historical redemption patterns. The Company recognized $26.1 million in gift card breakage during the 52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 compared to $23.2 million in gift card breakage during the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014. Additional breakage may be required if gift card redemptions continue to run lower than historical patterns. |
| The Junior Seller Note of $127.3 million related to the acquisition of B&N College and was paid in September 2014, in accordance with its terms. |
| Long-term deferred taxes decreased $11.4 million, or 5.4%, to $200.5 million as of May 2, 2015, compared to $211.9 million as of May 3, 2014. This decrease was primarily due to a reversal of timing differences and a change in valuation allowances. |
| Other long-term liabilities decreased $170.7 million, or 46.5%, to $196.3 million as of May 2, 2015, compared to $367.0 million as of May 3, 2014 due to lower deferred rent and the settlement of the Microsoft commercial liability as a result of the purchase of Microsofts preferred membership interests, partially offset by higher tax reserves. |
| In December 2014, the Company re-acquired Microsoft and Pearsons interest in NOOK Media, Inc. in exchange for $76.2 million cash and $76.2 million in common stock of Barnes & Noble. |
The Company has arrangements with third-party manufacturers to produce certain NOOK® products. These manufacturers procure and assemble unfinished parts and components from third-party suppliers based on forecasts provided by the Company. Given production lead times, commitments are
F-25
generally made far in advance of finished product delivery. Based on current purchase commitments and product development plans, the Company records a provision for purchase commitments. Future charges may be required based on changes in forecasted sales or strategic direction.
The Company provided credits to eligible customers resulting from the settlements reached with certain publishers in antitrust lawsuits filed by various State Attorney Generals and private class plaintiffs regarding the price of digital books. The Companys customers were entitled to $44.2 million in total credits as a result of the settlement, which is funded by these publishers. If a customers credit is not used to make a purchase within one year, the entire credit will expire. The Company recorded estimated redemptions of $33.6 million as a receivable from these publishers and a liability to its customers in March 2014, all of which were activated by customers as of March 2015.
Cash Flow
Cash flows provided by operating activities were $55.9 million, $320.0 million and $117.4 million during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Cash flows from operating activities increased $202.6 million in fiscal 2014 as compared to fiscal 2013 primarily due to the sell-through of excess NOOK inventories in fiscal 2014. Cash flows from operating activities decreased $264.0 million in fiscal 2015 compared to fiscal 2014 primarily due to the sell-through of excess NOOK inventories in fiscal 2014, higher B&N Retail core merchandise payments in fiscal 2015 (driven by product mix, increased sales and timing of purchases and returns), B&N College new store growth and higher income tax payments.
Capital Structure
On April 27, 2012, Barnes & Noble entered into an investment agreement pursuant to which Barnes & Noble transferred to the LLC its digital device, digital content and college bookstore businesses, and Morrison Investment Holdings, Inc. (Morrison) purchased from the LLC, 300,000 convertible preferred membership interests in the LLC (Series A Preferred) for an aggregate purchase price of $300.0 million. Concurrently with its entry into this agreement, Barnes & Noble also entered into a commercial agreement with Microsoft, pursuant to which, among other things, the LLC would develop and distribute a Windows 8 application for eReading and digital content purchases, and an intellectual property license and settlement agreement with Microsoft and Microsoft Licensing GP. The parties closed Morrisons investment in the LLC and the commercial agreement became effective on October 4, 2012.
On December 3, 2014, Morrison, Microsoft, Barnes & Noble and Barnes & Noble Education entered into agreements pursuant to which Morrisons interest in the LLC was purchased by Barnes & Noble Education and the Microsoft commercial agreement was terminated effective as of such date. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (the Purchase Agreement) among Barnes & Noble, Barnes & Noble Education, Morrison, and Microsoft, Barnes & Noble Education purchased from Morrison, and Morrison sold, all of its $300.0 million convertible Series A preferred limited liability company interest in the LLC in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $124.9 million consisting of (i) $62.4 million in cash and (ii) 2,737,290 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Barnes & Noble. The Purchase Agreement closed on December 4, 2014. The Company accounted for this transaction in accordance with ASC 810-10, Non Controlling Interest (ASC 810-10) and accordingly, the transaction was reflected as an equity transaction. In connection with the closing, the parties entered into a Digital Business Contingent Payment Agreement pursuant to which Microsoft is entitled to receive 22.7% of the proceeds from, among other events or transactions, (1) any future
F-26
dividends or other distributions received from Barnes & Nobles NOOK digital business at any time until the date that is three years from the closing, subject to a one-year extension under certain circumstances, and (2) the sale of Barnes & Nobles NOOK digital business at any time until the date that is three years from the closing, subject to a one-year extension under certain circumstances.
On December 21, 2012, the LLC entered into an agreement with a subsidiary of Pearson plc (Pearson) to make a strategic investment in the LLC. That transaction closed on January 22, 2013, and Pearson invested approximately $89.5 million of cash in the LLC in exchange for preferred membership interests representing a 5% equity stake in the LLC. Following the closing of the transaction, Barnes & Noble owned approximately 78.2% of the LLC and Microsoft owned approximately 16.8%. The preferred membership interests had a liquidation preference equal to the original investment. In addition, the LLC granted warrants to Pearson to purchase up to an additional 5% of the LLC under certain conditions. Upon the completion of the acquisition of Pearsons interest in the LLC, as stated below, the temporary equity was converted to permanent equity.
At closing, the LLC and Pearson entered into a commercial agreement with respect to distributing Pearson content in connection with this strategic investment. On December 27, 2013, the LLC entered into an amendment to the commercial agreement that extends the term of the agreement and the timing of the measurement period to meet certain revenue share milestones.
On December 22, 2014, Barnes & Noble entered into a Purchase Agreement (the Pearson Purchase Agreement) among Barnes & Noble, Barnes & Noble Education, NOOK Media Member Two LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (NOOK Member Two), Pearson Education, Inc. (Pearson Education) and Pearson Inc., pursuant to which Barnes & Noble Education and NOOK Member Two purchased from Pearson Education all of its convertible Series B preferred limited liability company interest in the LLC and all of its warrants to purchase additional Series B preferred limited liability company interests, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price equal to (i) $13.8 million in cash and (ii) 602,927 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Barnes & Noble. The transactions under the Pearson Purchase Agreement closed on December 22, 2014. The Company accounted for this transaction in accordance with ASC 810-10 and it accordingly was reflected as an equity transaction. As a condition to closing, the parties entered into an amended and restated Digital Business Contingent Payment Agreement, pursuant to which a Digital Business Contingent Payment Agreement dated as of December 3, 2014, by and between Barnes & Noble, the LLC and Pearson, was amended and restated to include provisions consistent with the Digital Business Contingent Payment Agreement entered into with Morrison on December 3, 2014.
On June 4, 2014, NOOK Digital, a wholly owned subsidiary of B&N Education as of such date and a subsidiary of Barnes & Noble, entered into the Agreement with Samsung relating to tablets.
Pursuant to the Agreement, NOOK Digital, after good faith consultations with Samsung and subject to Samsungs agreement, selected Samsung tablet devices under development to be customized and co-branded by NOOK Digital. Such devices are produced by Samsung. The co-branded NOOK® tablet devices may be sold by NOOK Digital through Barnes & Noble retail stores, www.barnesandnoble.com, www.nook.com and other Barnes & Noble websites. NOOK Digital and Samsung agreed to develop co-branded Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® tablets as the initial co-branded devices pursuant to the Agreement.
Under the Agreement, NOOK Digital committed to purchase a minimum of 1,000,000 NOOK®-Samsung co-branded devices from Samsung within 12 months after the launch of the initial co-branded
F-27
device, which launch occurred on August 20, 2014. The 12-month period was automatically extended by three months due to the quantity of sales of such co-branded devices through December 31, 2014, and the period was further extended until June 30, 2016 by an amendment executed by the parties on March 7, 2015.
NOOK Digital and Samsung have agreed to coordinate customer service for the co-branded NOOK® devices and have both agreed to a license of intellectual property to promote and market the devices. Additionally, Samsung has agreed to fund a marketing fund for the co-branded NOOK® devices at the initial launch and for the duration of the Agreement.
The Agreement has a two year term, with certain termination rights, including termination (i) by NOOK Digital for a Samsung material default; (ii) by Samsung for a NOOK Digital material default; (iii) by NOOK Digital if Samsung fails to meet its shipping and delivery obligations in any material respect on a timely basis; and (iv) by either party upon insolvency or bankruptcy of the other party.
The companies introduced the Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® in a 7-inch version in the U.S. in August 2014 and a 10-inch version in October 2014. The co-branded device combines the popular Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 hardware with customized NOOK® software to give customers powerful, full-featured tablets that are designed for reading, with easy access to Barnes & Nobles expansive digital collection of approximately four million eBooks, digital magazines and newspapers.
On August 18, 2011, the Company entered into an investment agreement between the Company and Liberty GIC, Inc. (Liberty) pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to Liberty, and Liberty purchased, 204,000 shares of the Companys Series J Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (Preferred Stock), for an aggregate purchase price of $204.0 million in a private placement exempt from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act. The shares of Preferred Stock will be convertible, at the option of the holders, into shares of Common Stock representing 16.6% of the Common Stock outstanding as of August 29, 2011 (after giving pro forma effect to the issuance of the Preferred Stock) based on the initial conversion rate. The initial conversion rate reflects an initial conversion price of $17.00 and is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. The initial dividend rate for the Preferred Stock is equal to 7.75% per annum of the initial liquidation preference of the Preferred Stock to be paid quarterly and subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.
On April 8, 2014, Liberty sold the majority of its shares to qualified institutional buyers in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act and initially retained an approximate 10 percent stake of its initial investment. As a result, Liberty no longer has the right to elect two preferred stock directors to the Companys Board. Additionally, the consent rights and pre-emptive rights to which Liberty was previously entitled ceased to apply.
On June 5, 2015, the Company entered into Conversion Agreements with five existing beneficial owners (Series J Holders) of its Preferred Stock, pursuant to which each of the Series J Holders has agreed to convert (Conversion) shares of Preferred Stock it beneficially owns into shares of the Companys common stock, par value $0.001 per share (Company Common Stock), and will in addition receive a cash payment from the Company in connection with the Conversion. The Series J Holders have agreed to convert an aggregate of 103,995 shares of Preferred Stock into 6,117,347 shares of Company Common Stock in the Conversion, and the Company has agreed to make an aggregate cash payment to the Series J Holders of $8.1 million plus cash in lieu of fractional shares in connection with the Conversion, in each case, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. The Company expects to issue the shares of Company Common Stock to be issued in the Conversion on or about July 9, 2015.
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The number of shares of Company Common Stock to be issued was determined based on a conversion ratio of 58.8235 shares of Company Common Stock per share of Preferred Stock converted, which is the conversion rate in the Certificate of the Designations with respect to the Preferred Stock dated as of August 18, 2011.
On September 30, 2009, in connection with the closing of the acquisition of B&N College, the Company issued the sellers (i) a senior subordinated note in the principal amount of $100.0 million, with interest of 8% per annum payable on the unpaid principal amount, which was paid on December 15, 2010 in accordance to its scheduled date, and (ii) a junior subordinated note (the Junior Seller Note) in the principal amount of $150.0 million, payable in full on the fifth anniversary of the closing of the acquisition, with interest of 10% per annum payable on the unpaid principal amount. Pursuant to a settlement agreed to on June 13, 2012, the sellers waived their right to receive $22.8 million in principal amount (and interest on such principal amount) of the Junior Seller Note. The net short-term payable of $127.3 million was paid in September 2014, in accordance with its terms.
The Company is party to an amended and restated credit facility with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent and swing line lender, and other lenders, dated as of April 29, 2011 (as amended and modified to date, the Credit Facility), consisting of up to $1.0 billion in aggregate commitments under a five-year asset-backed revolving credit facility expiring on April 29, 2016, which is secured by eligible inventory and accounts receivable with the ability to include eligible real estate and related assets. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are limited to a specified percentage of eligible inventories and accounts receivable and accrued interest, at the election of the Company, at Base Rate or LIBO Rate, plus, in each case, an Applicable Margin (each term as defined in the Credit Facility). In addition, the Company has the option to request an increase in commitments under the Credit Facility by up to $300.0 million, subject to certain restrictions.
The Credit Facility requires Availability (as defined in the Credit Facility) to be greater than the greater of (i) 10% of the Loan Cap (as defined in the Credit Facility) and (ii) $50.0 million. In addition, the Credit Facility contains covenants that limit, among other things, the Companys ability to incur indebtedness, create liens, make investments, make restricted payments, merge or acquire assets, and contains default provisions that are typical for this type of financing, among other things. Proceeds from the Credit Facility are used for general corporate purposes, including seasonal working capital needs.
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Selected information related to the Companys credit facilities (in thousands):
Fiscal 2015 |
Fiscal 2014 |
Fiscal 2013 |
||||||||||
Credit facility at period end |
$ | | | 77,000 | ||||||||
Average balance outstanding during the period |
$ | 18,227 | 48,254 | 214,702 | ||||||||
Maximum borrowings outstanding during the period |
$ | 202,800 | 180,300 | 462,900 | ||||||||
Weighted average interest rate during the period (a) |
38.18 | % | 15.65 | % | 5.56 | % | ||||||
Interest rate at end of period |
0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 4.93 | % |
(a) | Includes commitment fees. |
Fees expensed with respect to the unused portion of the credit facilities were $4.7 million, $4.4 million and $3.8 million during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively.
The Company had $66.9 million of outstanding letters of credit under the 2013 Amended Credit Facility as of May 2, 2015 compared with $36.8 million as of May 3, 2014.
The Company has no agreements to maintain compensating balances.
Capital Investment
The Companys investing activities consist principally of capital expenditures for the maintenance of existing stores, new store construction, digital initiatives and enhancements to systems and the website. The Company is scheduled to launch its new eCommerce website in June 2015. The new website is expected to have better search capabilities, improved user experience and yield cost savings to the Company. The Company believes that the new website will allow it to be more competitive in the marketplace and continue to be a valuable resource for its customers, whether they would like their purchased products shipped to their homes or made available for pick up in the stores. Capital expenditures totaled $143.3 million, $135.0 million and $165.8 million during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Fiscal 2016 capital expenditure levels are expected to be comparable to fiscal 2015, although commitment to many such expenditures has not yet been made. Capital expenditures planned for fiscal 2016 primarily include maintenance of existing stores, enhancements to systems and the website, new college stores and digital initiatives.
Based upon the Companys current operating levels and capital expenditures for fiscal 2015, management believes cash and cash equivalents on hand, funds available under its credit facility and short-term vendor financing will be sufficient to meet the Companys normal working capital and debt service requirements for at least the next twelve months. The Company regularly evaluates its capital structure and conditions in the financing markets to ensure it maintains adequate flexibility to successfully execute its business plan.
On May 15, 2007, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program for the purchase of up to $400.0 million of the Companys common stock. The maximum dollar value of common stock that may yet be purchased under the current program is approximately $2.5 million as of May 2, 2015.
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Stock repurchases under this program may be made through open market and privately negotiated transactions from time to time and in such amounts as management deems appropriate. As of May 2, 2015, the Company has repurchased 34,840,750 shares at a cost of approximately $1.1 billion under its stock repurchase programs. The repurchased shares are held in treasury.
Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth the Companys contractual obligations as of May 2, 2015 (in millions):
Contractual Obligations |
Payments Due by Period | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | Less Than 1 Year |
1-3 Years |
3-5 Years |
More Than 5 Years |
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Operating lease obligations (a) |
$ | 1,941.4 | $ | 438.3 | $ | 721.6 | $ | 445.7 | $ | 335.8 | ||||||||||
Capital lease obligations |
0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | | | |||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations (b) |
146.7 | 135.1 | 11.3 | 0.3 | | |||||||||||||||
Interest obligations (c) |
5.0 | 5.0 | | | | |||||||||||||||
Other long-term liabilities reflected on the Companys balance sheet under U.S. GAAP (d) |
| | | | | |||||||||||||||
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Total |
$ | 2,093.4 | $ | 578.6 | $ | 733.0 | $ | 446.0 | $ | 335.8 | ||||||||||
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(a) | Excludes obligations under store leases for insurance, taxes and other maintenance costs, which obligations totaled approximately 14% of the minimum rent payments under those leases. |
(b) | Includes hardware and software maintenance contracts and inventory purchase commitments. |
(c) | Represents commitment fees related to the Companys Credit Facility. |
(d) | Excludes $18.4 million of unrecognized tax benefits for which the Company cannot make a reasonably reliable estimate of the amount and period of payment. See Note 9 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
See also Note 8 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for information concerning the Companys pension and postretirement plans.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of May 2, 2015, the Company had no off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303 of Regulation S-K.
Impact of Inflation
The Company does not believe that inflation has had a material effect on its net sales or results of operations.
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Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
See Note 21 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Critical Accounting Policies
The Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section of this report discusses the Companys consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions in certain circumstances that affect amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related footnotes. In preparing these financial statements, management has made its best estimates and judgments with respect to certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. The Company does not believe there is a great likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported related to the accounting policies described below. However, application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue from sales of the Companys products is recognized at the time of sale or shipment, other than those with multiple elements and Free On Board (FOB) destination point shipping terms. Certain of the Company sales agreements with its distribution partners contain rights of inspection or acceptance provisions as is standard in the Companys industry. The Company accrues for estimated sales returns in the period in which the related revenue is recognized based on historical experience and industry standards. ECommerce revenue from sales of products ordered through the Companys websites is recognized upon delivery and receipt of the shipment by its customers. Sales taxes collected from retail customers are excluded from reported revenues. All of the Companys sales are recognized as revenue on a net basis, including sales in connection with any periodic promotions offered to customers. The Company does not treat any promotional offers as expenses.
In accordance with ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition, Multiple Element Arrangements and Accounting Standards Updates (ASU) 2009-13 and 2009-14, for multiple-element arrangements that involve tangible products that contain software that is essential to the tangible products functionality, undelivered software elements that relate to the tangible products essential software and other separable elements, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables using the relative selling-price method. Under this method, revenue is allocated at the time of sale to all deliverables based on their relative selling price using a specific hierarchy. The hierarchy is as follows: vendor-specific objective evidence, third-party evidence of selling price, or best estimate of selling price. NOOK® device revenue is recognized at the segment point of sale.
The Company includes post-service customer support (PCS) in the form of software updates and potential increased functionality on a when-and-if-available basis, as well as wireless access and wireless connectivity with the purchase of a NOOK® from the Company. Using the relative selling price described above, the Company allocates revenue based on the best estimate of selling price for the deliverables as no vendor-specific objective evidence or third-party evidence exists for any of the elements. Revenue allocated to NOOK® and the software essential to its functionality is recognized at the time of sale, provided all other conditions for revenue recognition are met. Revenue allocated to the PCS and the wireless access is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the 2-year estimated life of a NOOK®.
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The average percentage of a NOOK®s sales price that is deferred for undelivered items and recognized over its 2-year estimated life ranges between 0% and 6%, depending on the type of device sold. The amount of NOOK®-related deferred revenue as of May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014 was $2.4 million and $9.9 million, respectively. These amounts are classified on the Companys balance sheet in accrued liabilities for the portion that is subject to deferral for one year or less and other long-term liabilities for the portion that is subject to deferral for more than one year.
The Company also pays certain vendors who distribute NOOK® a commission on the content sales sold through that device. The Company accounts for these transactions as a reduction in the sales price of the NOOK® based on historical trends of content sales and a liability is established for the estimated commission expected to be paid over the life of the product. The Company recognizes revenue of the content at the point of sale of the content. The Company records revenue from sales of digital content, sales of third-party extended warranties, service contracts and other products, for which the Company is not obligated to perform, and for which the Company does not meet the criteria for gross revenue recognition under ASC 605-45-45, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent, on a net basis. All other revenue is recognized on a gross basis.
The Company rents both physical and digital textbooks. Revenue from the rental of physical textbooks is deferred and recognized over the rental period commencing at point of sale. Revenue from the rental of digital textbooks is recognized at time of sale. A software feature is imbedded within the content of our digital textbooks, such that upon expiration of the rental term the customer is no longer able to access the content. While the digital rental allows the customer to access digital content for a fixed period of time, once the digital content is delivered to the customer the Companys obligation is complete. The Company offers a buyout option to allow the purchase of a rented book at the end of the semester. The Company records the buyout purchase when the customer exercises and pays the buyout option price. In these instances, the Company would accelerate any remaining deferred rental revenue at the point of sale.
NOOK acquires the rights to distribute digital content from publishers and distributes the content on barnesandnoble.com, NOOK® devices and other eBookstore platforms. Certain digital content is distributed under an agency pricing model in which the publishers set prices for eBooks and NOOK receives a commission on content sold through the eBookstore. The majority of the Companys eBook sales are sold under the agency model.
The Barnes & Noble Member Program offers members greater discounts and other benefits for products and services, as well as exclusive offers and promotions via e-mail or direct mail generally for an annual fee of $25.00, which is non-refundable after the first 30 days. Revenue is recognized over the twelve-month period based upon historical spending patterns for Barnes & Noble Members.
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09). The standard provides companies with a single model for use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific revenue guidance. The core principle of the model is to recognize revenue when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer, as opposed to recognizing revenue when the risks and rewards transfer to the customer under the existing revenue
F-33
guidance. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is not permitted. The guidance permits companies to either apply the requirements retrospectively to all prior periods presented, or apply the requirements in the year of adoption, through a cumulative adjustment. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.
Merchandise Inventories
Merchandise inventories, which primarily consist of finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or market, where cost is determined primarily by the retail inventory method under both the first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis and the last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis. B&N Colleges textbook and trade book inventories are valued using the LIFO method, where the related reserve was not material to the recorded amount of the Companys inventories or results of operations at May 2, 2015. There were no LIFO adjustments in fiscal 2015 compared to a favorable LIFO adjustment of $7.7 million in fiscal 2014. NOOK merchandise inventories are recorded based on the average cost method.
Market is determined based on the estimated net realizable value, which is generally the selling price. Reserves for non-returnable inventory are based on the Companys history of liquidating non-returnable inventory. The Company does not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions used to calculate the non-returnable inventory reserve. However, if assumptions based on the Companys history of liquidating non-returnable inventory are incorrect, it may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. A 10% change in actual non-returnable inventory reserve would have affected pre-tax earnings by approximately $10.1 million in fiscal 2015.
The Company also estimates and accrues shortage for the period between the last physical count of inventory and the balance sheet date. Shortage rates are estimated and accrued based on historical rates and can be affected by changes in merchandise mix and changes in actual shortage trends. The Company does not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions used to calculate shortage rates. However, if the Companys estimates regarding shortage rates are incorrect, it may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. A 10 basis point change in actual shortage rates would have affected pre-tax earnings by approximately $1.0 million in fiscal 2015.
Internal-use Software and Website Development Costs
Direct costs incurred to develop software for internal use and website development costs are capitalized and amortized over an estimated useful life of three to seven years. During fiscal 2015 and 2014, the Company capitalized costs, primarily related to labor, consulting, hardware and software of $42.7 million and $50.6 million, respectively. Amortization of previously capitalized amounts was $27.6 million, $24.1 million and $19.1 million for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Costs related to the design or maintenance of internal use software and website development are expensed as incurred.
Research and Development Costs for Software Products
The Company follows the guidance in ASC 985-20, Cost of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed, regarding software development costs to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed. Capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility and is discontinued when the product is available for sale. A certain amount of judgment and estimation is required to assess when technological feasibility is established, as well as the ongoing assessment of the recoverability of capitalized costs. The Companys products reach technological feasibility shortly before the products are released and therefore research and development costs are generally expensed as incurred.
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Stock-Based Compensation
The calculation of stock-based employee compensation expense involves estimates that require managements judgment. These estimates include the fair value of each of the stock option awards granted, which is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. There are two significant inputs into the Black-Scholes option pricing model: expected volatility and expected term. The Company estimates expected volatility based on traded option volatility of the Companys stock over a term equal to the expected term of the option granted. The expected term of stock option awards granted is derived from historical exercise experience under the Companys stock option plans and represents the period of time that stock option awards granted are expected to be outstanding. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based payment awards represent managements best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of managements judgment. As a result, if factors change and the Company uses different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. In addition, the Company is required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate, and only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest. If the Companys actual forfeiture rate is materially different from its estimate, the stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what the Company has recorded in the current period. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on stock-based compensation.
The Company does not believe there is a reasonable likelihood there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions used to determine stock-based compensation expense. However, if actual results are not consistent with the Companys estimates or assumptions, the Company may be exposed to changes in stock-based compensation expense that could be material. If actual results are not consistent with the assumptions used, the stock-based compensation expense reported in the Companys financial statements may not be representative of the actual economic cost of the stock-based compensation. A 10% change in the Companys stock-based compensation expense for the year ended May 2, 2015 would have affected pre-tax earnings by approximately $2.0 million in fiscal 2015.
Other Long-Lived Assets
The Companys other long-lived assets include property and equipment and amortizable intangibles. At May 2, 2015, the Company had $449.3 million of property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, and $200.7 million of amortizable intangible assets, net of amortization, accounting for approximately 20.1% of the Companys total assets. The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable and considers market participants in accordance with ASC 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment at the individual Barnes & Noble store level, except for B&N College long-lived assets, which are evaluated for impairment at the school contract combined store level, which is the lowest level at which individual cash flows can be identified. When evaluating long-lived assets for potential impairment, the Company will first compare the carrying amount of the assets to the individual stores estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If the estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, an impairment loss calculation is prepared. The impairment loss calculation compares the carrying amount of the assets to the individual stores fair value based on its estimated discounted future cash flows. If required, an impairment loss is recorded for that portion of the
F-35
assets carrying value in excess of fair value. Impairment losses included in selling and administrative expenses totaled $0.4 million, $32.4 million and $4.2 million during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. The Company does not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the estimates or assumptions used to calculate long-lived asset impairment losses. However, if actual results are not consistent with estimates and assumptions used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values, the Company may be exposed to losses that could be material. A 10% decrease in the Companys estimated discounted cash flows would have resulted in an additional $0.7 million impairment charge on the Companys results of operations in fiscal 2015.
Goodwill and Unamortizable Intangible Assets
The costs in excess of net assets of businesses acquired are carried as goodwill in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
At May 2, 2015, the Company had $489.3 million of goodwill and $313.1 million of unamortizable intangible assets (those with an indefinite useful life), accounting for approximately 24.8% of the Companys total assets. ASC 350-30, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (ASC 350-30), requires that goodwill and other unamortizable intangible assets no longer be amortized, but instead be tested for impairment at least annually or earlier if there are impairment indicators. The Company performs a two-step process for impairment testing of goodwill as required by ASC 350-30. The first step of this test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The second step (if necessary) measures the amount of the impairment. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test as of the first day of the third quarter of fiscal 2015. In performing the valuations, the Company used cash flows that reflected managements forecasts and discount rates that included risk adjustments consistent with the current market conditions. Based on the results of the Companys step one testing, the fair values of the B&N Retail, B&N College and NOOK reporting units, as of that date, exceeded their carrying values; therefore, the second step of the impairment test was not required to be performed and no goodwill impairment was recognized. Goodwill is subject to further risk of impairment if B&N Retail comparable store sales decline, store closings accelerate or B&N College digital projections fall short of expectations. In addition, goodwill testing did not incorporate the impact of the proposed separation of B&N Education. Impairment losses included in selling and administrative expenses related to unamortizable intangible assets totaled $0, $0 and $20.3 million during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively.
The Company tests unamortizable intangible assets by comparing the fair value and the carrying value of such assets. The Company also completed its annual impairment tests for its other unamortizable intangible assets by comparing the estimated fair value to the carrying value of such assets. Impairment losses included in selling and administrative expenses totaled $0, $1.6 million and $0 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Changes in market conditions, among other factors, could have a material impact on these estimates.
The $1.6 million of impairments in fiscal 2014 related to a certain publishing contract. The publishing contracts include the value of long-standing relationships with authors, agents and publishers established upon the Companys acquisition of Sterling in 2003. Given Sterlings strong history of maintaining such relationships, the Company believes they produce value indefinitely without an identifiable remaining useful life. However, given the continued declines in the physical book business, certain of these contracts were impaired.
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A 10% decrease in the Companys estimated discounted cash flows in the evaluation of goodwill and unamortizable intangible assets would result in the failure of the first step in the B&N College goodwill impairment test and would have resulted in a $0.2 million impairment charge related to the Companys publishing contracts on the Companys results of operations in fiscal 2015. The second step related to the B&N College goodwill testing would then need to be performed to determine the potential impact, if any, on results of operations. The 10% decrease in the Companys estimated discounted cash flows would have no impact on the Companys remaining goodwill and unamortizable intangible assets.
Gift Cards
The Company sells gift cards, which can be used in its stores, on barnesandnoble.com and NOOK® devices. The Company does not charge administrative or dormancy fees on gift cards and gift cards have no expiration dates. Upon the purchase of a gift card, a liability is established for its cash value. Revenue associated with gift cards is deferred until redemption of the gift card. Over time, a portion of the gift cards issued is typically not redeemed. The Company estimates the portion of the gift card liability for which the likelihood of redemption is remote based upon the Companys historical redemption patterns. The Company records this amount in income on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period beginning in the 13th month after the month the gift card was originally sold. If actual redemption patterns vary from the Companys estimates, actual gift card breakage may differ from the amounts recorded. The Company recognized gift card breakage of $26.1 million, $23.2 million and $23.9 million during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. The Company had gift card liabilities of $358.1 million and $356.7 million as of May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014, respectively. The Company does not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the estimates or assumptions used to recognize revenue associated with gift cards. However, additional breakage may be required if gift card redemptions continue to run lower than historical patterns. If estimates regarding the Companys history of gift card breakage are incorrect, it may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material. A 25 basis point change in the Companys gift card breakage rate at May 2, 2015 would have affected pre-tax earnings by approximately $5.6 million in fiscal 2015.
Income Taxes
Judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and related accruals, deferred tax assets and liabilities. In the ordinary course of business, tax issues may arise where the ultimate outcome is uncertain. Additionally, the Companys tax returns are subject to audit by various tax authorities. Consequently, changes in the Companys estimates for contingent tax liabilities may materially impact the Companys results of operations or financial position. A 1% variance in the Companys effective tax rate would have affected the Companys results of operations in fiscal 2015 by $1.2 million.
Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains certain forward-looking statements (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) and information relating to Barnes & Noble that are based on the beliefs of the management of Barnes & Noble as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the management of Barnes & Noble. When used in this communication, the words anticipate, believe, estimate, expect, intend, plan, will, forecasts, projections, and similar expressions, as they relate to Barnes & Noble or the management of Barnes & Noble, identify forward-looking statements.
Such statements reflect the current views of Barnes & Noble with respect to future events, the outcome of which is subject to certain risks, including, among others, the general economic environment and consumer spending patterns, decreased consumer demand for Barnes & Nobles products, low
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growth or declining sales and net income due to various factors, possible disruptions in Barnes & Nobles computer systems, telephone systems or supply chain, possible risks associated with data privacy, information security and intellectual property, possible work stoppages or increases in labor costs, possible increases in shipping rates or interruptions in shipping service, effects of competition, possible risks that inventory in channels of distribution may be larger than able to be sold, possible risks associated with changes in the strategic direction of the device business, including possible reduction in sales of content, accessories and other merchandise and other adverse financial impacts, possible risk that component parts will be rendered obsolete or otherwise not be able to be effectively utilized in devices to be sold, possible risk that financial and operational forecasts and projections are not achieved, possible risk that returns from consumers or channels of distribution may be greater than estimated, the risk that digital sales growth is less than expectations and the risk that it does not exceed the rate of investment spend, higher-than-anticipated store closing or relocation costs, higher interest rates, the performance of Barnes & Nobles online, digital and other initiatives, the success of Barnes & Nobles strategic investments, unanticipated increases in merchandise, component or occupancy costs, unanticipated adverse litigation results or effects, product and component shortages, risks associated with NOOK Digital, LLCs (NOOK Digital) commercial agreement with Samsung Electronics America, Inc. (Samsung), the effect of the proposed separation of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. (including with respect to the timing of the completion thereof), the potential adverse impact on the Companys businesses resulting from the Companys prior reviews of strategic alternatives, the risk that the transactions with Pearson plc (Pearson) and Samsung do not achieve the expected benefits for the parties or impose costs on the Company in excess of what the Company anticipates, including the risk that NOOK Digitals applications are not commercially successful or that the expected distribution of those applications is not achieved, the risks associated with the international expansion previously undertaken, including any risks associated with a reduction of international operations following termination of the Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft) commercial agreement, the risk that NOOK Digital is not able to perform its obligations under the Pearson and Samsung commercial agreements and the consequences thereof, the risks associated with the termination of the Microsoft commercial agreement, including potential customer losses, the risk that Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. and its subsidiaries do not continue to grow, including the risk that its growth rate declines, the risk of possible delays in the launch of our higher education digital products, the risks associated with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) investigation and associated risks and other factors which may be outside of Barnes & Nobles control, including those factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, Risk Factors, and in Barnes & Nobles other filings made hereafter from time to time with the SEC.
Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results or outcomes may vary materially from those described as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned. Subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to Barnes & Noble or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this paragraph. Barnes & Noble undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this Annual Report.
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data) |
Fiscal 2015 | Fiscal 2014 | Fiscal 2013 | |||||||||
Sales |
$ | 6,069,497 | 6,381,357 | 6,839,005 | ||||||||
Cost of sales and occupancy |
4,196,998 | 4,523,422 | 5,156,499 | |||||||||
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Gross profit |
1,872,499 | 1,857,935 | 1,682,506 | |||||||||
Selling and administrative expenses |
1,545,152 | 1,606,936 | 1,675,376 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
194,174 | 216,807 | 227,134 | |||||||||
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Operating income (loss) |
133,173 | 34,192 | (220,004 | ) | ||||||||
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred financing fees |
(17,890 | ) | (29,507 | ) | (35,345 | ) | ||||||
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|
|||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
115,283 | 4,685 | (255,349 | ) | ||||||||
Income taxes (benefit) |
78,687 | 51,953 | (97,543 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 36,596 | (47,268 | ) | (157,806 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income (loss) per common share |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.21 | (1.12 | ) | (3.02 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.21 | (1.12 | ) | (3.02 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding |
||||||||||||
Basic |
60,842 | 58,971 | 58,247 | |||||||||
Diluted |
60,928 | 58,971 | 58,247 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-39
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands) |
Fiscal 2015 | Fiscal 2014 | Fiscal 2013 | |||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 36,596 | (47,268 | ) | (157,806 | ) | ||||||
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of tax: |
||||||||||||
(Increase) decrease in minimum pension liability (net of deferred tax benefit (expense) of $1,896, $(3,001) and $38, respectively) |
(12,077 | ) | 4,919 | (57 | ) | |||||||
Pension reclassification (see Note 8) |
7,317 | | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) |
$ | 31,836 | (42,349 | ) | (157,863 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-40
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share data) |
May 2, 2015 | May 3, 2014 | ||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 74,360 | $ | 340,171 | ||||
Receivables, net |
98,576 | 143,981 | ||||||
Merchandise inventories, net |
1,293,164 | 1,234,635 | ||||||
Textbook rental inventories |
55,075 | 50,341 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
65,331 | 66,580 | ||||||
Short-term deferred tax assets |
142,809 | 144,730 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total current assets |
$ | 1,729,315 | $ | 1,980,438 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Property and equipment: |
||||||||
Land and land improvements |
2,541 | 2,541 | ||||||
Buildings and leasehold improvements |
1,207,039 | 1,224,083 | ||||||
Fixtures and equipment |
1,866,719 | 1,938,555 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
3,076,299 | 3,165,179 | |||||||
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization |
2,627,007 | 2,674,466 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net property and equipment |
449,292 | 490,713 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Goodwill |
489,267 | 493,189 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net |
513,842 | 528,576 | ||||||
Other noncurrent assets |
47,789 | 44,533 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
$ | 3,229,505 | $ | 3,537,449 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Liabilities and Shareholders Equity |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 655,064 | $ | 735,112 | ||||
Accrued liabilities |
434,049 | 502,583 | ||||||
Gift card liabilities |
358,146 | 356,700 | ||||||
Short-term note payable |
| 127,250 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total current liabilities |
1,447,259 | 1,721,645 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Long-term deferred taxes |
200,527 | 211,925 | ||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
196,302 | 366,989 | ||||||
Redeemable Preferred Shares; $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; 204 and 204 shares issued, respectively |
196,059 | 194,797 | ||||||
Preferred Membership Interests in NOOK Media, LLC |
| 383,397 | ||||||
Shareholders equity: |
||||||||
Common stock; $0.001 par value; 300,000 shares authorized; 98,115 and 93,540 shares issued, respectively |
98 | 94 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
1,927,997 | 1,395,463 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(16,533 | ) | (11,773 | ) | ||||
Retained earnings |
357,512 | 344,021 | ||||||
Treasury stock, at cost, 34,841 and 34,364 shares, respectively |
(1,079,716 | ) | (1,069,109 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total shareholders equity |
1,189,358 | 658,696 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Commitments and contingencies |
| | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
$ | 3,229,505 | $ | 3,537,449 | ||||
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-41
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
(In thousands) |
Barnes & Noble, Inc. Shareholders Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gains (Losses) |
Retained Earnings |
Treasury Stock at Cost |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at April 28, 2012 |
$ | 91 | 1,340,909 | (16,635 | ) | 586,188 | (1,058,282 | ) | $ | 852,271 | ||||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | (157,806 | ) | | (157,806 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability, net of tax |
| | (57 | ) | | | (57 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Reduction of junior note |
| 24,292 | | | | 24,292 | ||||||||||||||||||
Deferred tax adjustment |
| 1,270 | | | | 1,270 | ||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of 279 common stock options |
2 | 3,398 | | | | 3,400 | ||||||||||||||||||
Stock options and restricted stock tax benefits |
| (6,208 | ) | | | | (6,208 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
| 20,187 | | | | 20,187 | ||||||||||||||||||
Accretive dividend on preferred stockholders |
| | | (2,266 | ) | | (2,266 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Accrued/paid dividends for preferred stockholders |
| | | (15,767 | ) | | (15,767 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock acquired, 356 shares |
| | | | (5,573 | ) | (5,573 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Balance at April 27, 2013 |
$ | 93 | 1,383,848 | (16,692 | ) | 410,349 | (1,063,855 | ) | $ | 713,743 | ||||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | (47,268 | ) | | (47,268 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability, net of tax |
| | 4,919 | | | 4,919 | ||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of 66 common stock options |
1 | 1,031 | | | | 1,032 | ||||||||||||||||||
Stock options and restricted stock tax benefits |
| (1,587 | ) | | | | (1,587 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
| 12,171 | | | | 12,171 | ||||||||||||||||||
Accretive dividend on preferred stockholders |
| | | (3,032 | ) | | (3,032 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Accrued/paid dividends for preferred stockholders |
| | | (16,028 | ) | | (16,028 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock acquired, 286 shares |
| | | | (5,254 | ) | (5,254 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Balance at May 3, 2014 |
$ | 94 | 1,395,463 | (11,773 | ) | 344,021 | (1,069,109 | ) | $ | 658,696 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-42
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY (CONTINUED)
(In thousands) |
Barnes & Noble, Inc. Shareholders Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Gains (Losses) |
Retained Earnings |
Treasury Stock at Cost |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at May 3, 2014 |
$ | 94 | 1,395,463 | (11,773 | ) | 344,021 | (1,069,109 | ) | $ | 658,696 | ||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | | 36,596 | | 36,596 | ||||||||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability, net of tax |
| | (12,077 | ) | | | (12,077 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Pension reclassification (see Note 8) |
| | 7,317 | | | 7,317 | ||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of 83 common stock options |
1 | 1,282 | | | | 1,283 | ||||||||||||||||||
Stock options and restricted stock tax benefits |
| 652 | | | | 652 | ||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
| 19,989 | | | | 19,989 | ||||||||||||||||||
Accretive dividend on preferred stockholders |
| | | (7,340 | ) | | (7,340 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Accrued/paid dividends for preferred stockholders |
| | | (15,765 | ) | | (15,765 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Treasury stock acquired, 477 shares |
| | | | (10,607 | ) | (10,607 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Acquisition of preferred membership interest |
3 | 313,295 | | | | 313,298 | ||||||||||||||||||
Settlement of Microsoft commercial liability |
| 197,316 | | | | 197,316 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
Balance at May 2, 2015 |
$ | 98 | 1,927,997 | (16,533 | ) | 357,512 | (1,079,716 | ) | $ | 1,189,358 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-43
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Fiscal Year | Fiscal 2015 |
Fiscal 2014 |
Fiscal 2013 |
|||||||||
(In thousands) |
||||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | 36,596 | (47,268 | ) | (157,806 | ) | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization (including amortization of deferred financing fees) |
199,652 | 222,764 | 232,604 | |||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
19,989 | 12,171 | 20,187 | |||||||||
Non-cash impairment charges |
373 | 32,390 | 24,473 | |||||||||
Deferred taxes |
(12,578 | ) | 43,225 | (118,893 | ) | |||||||
(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment |
4,843 | (572 | ) | (750 | ) | |||||||
Increase (decrease) in other long-term liabilities |
(30,532 | ) | (10,382 | ) | 24,985 | |||||||
Pension reclassification (see Note 8) |
7,317 | | | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net |
(169,752 | ) | 67,628 | 92,591 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash flows provided by operating activities |
55,908 | 319,956 | 117,391 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
(143,257 | ) | (134,981 | ) | (165,835 | ) | ||||||
Net (increase) decrease in other noncurrent assets |
(5,712 | ) | 6,482 | (5,745 | ) | |||||||
Other investing activities, net |
(3,000 | ) | | (4,100 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash flows used in investing activities |
(151,969 | ) | (128,499 | ) | (175,680 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||||||
Net proceeds from issuance of Preferred Membership interests |
| | 380,623 | |||||||||
Net proceeds from Microsoft Commercial Agreement financing arrangement |
57,161 | 84,675 | 48,706 | |||||||||
Proceeds from credit facility |
349,400 | 734,000 | 1,639,600 | |||||||||
Payments on credit facility |
(349,400 | ) | (811,000 | ) | (1,886,800 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options |
1,282 | 1,031 | 3,400 | |||||||||
Purchase of treasury stock |
(10,607 | ) | (5,254 | ) | (5,573 | ) | ||||||
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation |
1,865 | 560 | 439 | |||||||||
Cash dividends paid to shareholders |
(16,026 | ) | (15,768 | ) | (15,767 | ) | ||||||
Payment of Junior Seller Note |
(127,250 | ) | | | ||||||||
Acquisition of Preferred Membership Interests |
(76,175 | ) | | | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities |
(169,750 | ) | (11,756 | ) | 164,628 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
(265,811 | ) | 179,701 | 106,339 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
340,171 | 160,470 | 54,131 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
$ | 74,360 | 340,171 | 160,470 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net: |
||||||||||||
Receivables, net |
$ | 45,405 | 5,388 | 20,578 | ||||||||
Merchandise inventories |
(58,529 | ) | 176,134 | 151,072 | ||||||||
Textbook rental inventories |
(4,734 | ) | 3,410 | (19,956 | ) | |||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
1,249 | (3,697 | ) | 12,871 | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
(153,143 | ) | (113,607 | ) | (71,974 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net |
$ | (169,752 | ) | 67,628 | 92,591 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-44
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
Fiscal Year | Fiscal 2015 |
Fiscal 2014 |
Fiscal 2013 |
|||||||||
(In thousands) |
||||||||||||
Supplemental cash flow information: |
||||||||||||
Cash paid during the period for: |
||||||||||||
Interest paid |
$ | 16,548 | 20,115 | 24,925 | ||||||||
Income taxes (net of refunds) |
$ | 95,584 | 3,471 | 3,822 | ||||||||
Non-cash financing activity: |
||||||||||||
Accrued dividend on redeemable preferred shares |
$ | 3,941 | 4,202 | 3,942 | ||||||||
Acquisition of Preferred Membership Interests for 2,737,290 shares of common stock of Barnes & Noble |
$ | 76,175 | | |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-45
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Thousands of dollars, except per share data)
For the 52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 (fiscal 2015), 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 (fiscal 2014) and 52 weeks ended April 27, 2013 (fiscal 2013).
1. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Business
Barnes & Noble, one of the nations largest booksellers3, is a leading content, commerce and technology company providing customers easy and convenient access to trade books, textbooks, magazines, newspapers and other content across its multi-channel distribution platform. As of May 2, 2015, the Company operated 1,372 bookstores in 50 states, including 724 bookstores on college campuses, operates one of the Webs largest eCommerce sites, develops digital reading products and operates one of the largest digital bookstores. Given the dynamic nature of the book industry, the challenges faced by traditional booksellers, and the robust innovation pipeline fueling new opportunities in hardware, software and content creation and delivery, Barnes & Noble is utilizing the strength of its retail footprint to bolster its leadership in selling content to drive sales across its multiple channels.
Of the 1,372 bookstores, Barnes & Noble Retail (B&N Retail) operates 648 retail bookstores, primarily under the Barnes & Noble Booksellers® trade name, and includes the Companys eCommerce site. Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, LLC (B&N College) operates 724 college bookstores at colleges and universities across the United States, of which 154 stores are co-branded with the universities names and Barnes & Noble name. B&N Retail also includes Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. (Sterling or Sterling Publishing), a leader in general trade book publishing. The NOOK segment represents the Companys digital business, offering digital books and magazines for sale and consumption online, NOOK®4 reading devices, co-branded NOOK® tablets and reading software for iOS, Android and Windows 8.
The Companys principal business is the sale of trade books (generally hardcover and paperback consumer titles), mass market paperbacks (such as mystery, romance, science fiction and other popular fiction), childrens books, eBooks and other digital content, textbooks and course-related materials, NOOK® and related accessories, bargain books, magazines, gifts, emblematic apparel and gifts, school and dorm supplies, café products and services, educational toys & games, music and movies direct to customers through its bookstores or on barnesandnoble.com. The Company also offers a textbook rental option to its customers, as well as digital textbooks and other course materials through a proprietary digital platform (Yuzu). The Company offers its customers a full suite of textbook options new, used, digital and rental.
The Company identifies its operating segments based on the way the business is managed (focusing on the financial information distributed) and the manner in which the chief operating decision maker interacts with other members of management. The Company has three operating segments: B&N Retail, B&N College and NOOK.
3 | Based upon sales reported in trade publications and public filings. |
4 | Any reference to NOOK® include the Companys Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® 7.0 and 10.1 devices and NOOK GlowLightTM, and each of which includes the trademark symbol (® or , as applicable) even if a trademark symbol is not included. |
F-46
Separation of B&N Education, Inc.
On February 26, 2015, Barnes & Noble announced plans for the legal and structural separation of Barnes & Noble Education, Inc. (Barnes & Noble Education or B&N Education) (formerly known as NOOK Media Inc.) from Barnes & Noble into an independent public company (the Spin-Off).
This Spin-Off is expected to be executed by means of a pro-rata distribution of B&N Educations common stock to Barnes & Nobles existing shareholders and is expected to be a non-taxable event for Barnes & Noble and its shareholders.
The distribution of B&N Educations common stock to Barnes & Noble shareholders is conditioned on, among other things, final approval of the Spin-Off plan by the Barnes & Noble Board of Directors; the receipt of opinions from external legal counsel and KPMG LLP to Barnes & Noble, confirming the tax-free status of the Spin-Off for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) declaring effective the Registration Statement, which was filed on a Registration Statement on Form S-1 with the SEC on February 26, 2015, which has been amended on April 29, 2015 and June 4, 2015.
History of B&N Education, Inc.
On September 30, 2009, Barnes & Noble acquired Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, LLC (B&N College) from Leonard and Louise Riggio. From that date until October 4, 2012, B&N College was wholly owned by Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. B&N Education was initially incorporated under the name NOOK Media Inc. in July 2012 to hold Barnes & Nobles B&N College and NOOK digital businesses. On October 4, 2012, Microsoft Corporation (Microsoft) acquired a 17.6% non-controlling preferred membership interest in B&N Educations subsidiary B&N Education, LLC (formerly NOOK Media LLC) (the LLC), and through B&N Education, Barnes & Noble maintained an 82.4% controlling interest of the B&N College and NOOK digital businesses.
On January 22, 2013, Pearson Education, Inc. (Pearson) acquired a 5% non-controlling preferred membership interest in the LLC, entered into a commercial agreement with the LLC relating to the B&N College business and received warrants to purchase an additional preferred membership interest in the LLC.
On December 4, 2014, B&N Education re-acquired Microsofts interest in the LLC in exchange for cash and common stock of Barnes & Noble and the Microsoft commercial agreement was terminated effective as of such date. On December 22, 2014, B&N Education also re-acquired Pearsons interest in the LLC and certain related warrants previously issued to Pearson. In connection with these transactions, Barnes & Noble entered into contingent payment agreements with Microsoft and Pearson providing for additional payments upon the occurrence of certain events, including upon a sale of the NOOK digital business. As a result of these transactions, Barnes & Noble owns, and will own prior to the Spin-Off, 100% of B&N Education.
On May 1, 2015, B&N Education distributed to Barnes & Noble all of the membership interests in B&N Educations NOOK digital business. As a result, B&N Education ceased to own any interest in the NOOK digital business, which will remain a wholly owned subsidiary of Barnes & Noble.
The Company expects that the completion of the potential separation of the Companys businesses could occur by the end of August 2015, although there can be no assurances regarding the timing of such potential separation or that such separation will be completed.
Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Barnes & Noble, Inc. and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
F-47
Use of Estimates
In preparing financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, the Company is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all short-term, highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Merchandise Inventories
Merchandise inventories, which primarily consist of finished goods, are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined primarily by the retail inventory method under both the first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis and the last-in, first-out (LIFO) basis. B&N Colleges textbook and trade book inventories are valued using the LIFO method, where the related reserve was not material to the recorded amount of the Companys inventories at May 2, 2015. There were no LIFO adjustments in fiscal 2015 compared to a favorable adjustment of $7,692 in fiscal 2014, respectively. NOOK merchandise inventories are recorded based on the average cost method.
Market is determined based on the estimated net realizable value, which is generally the selling price. Reserves for non-returnable inventory are based on the Companys history of liquidating non-returnable inventory.
The Company also estimates and accrues shortage for the period between the last physical count of inventory and the balance sheet date. Shortage rates are estimated and accrued based on historical rates and can be affected by changes in merchandise mix and changes in actual shortage trends.
Property and Equipment, and Other Long-Lived Assets
Property and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. For financial reporting purposes, depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives. For tax purposes, different methods are used. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, while major maintenance and remodeling costs are capitalized if they extend the useful life of the asset. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the terms of the respective leases. Fixtures and equipment are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or 10 years. Capitalized lease acquisition costs are being amortized over the lease terms of the underlying leases. System costs are capitalized and included in property and equipment. These costs are depreciated over their estimated useful lives from the date the systems become operational. The Company had $449,292 and $490,713 of property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, at May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014, respectively, and $179,462, $198,972 and $205,708 of depreciation expense for fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Capitalized software costs of $54,205 and $68,107 for fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2014, respectively, are included in property and equipment.
F-48
Other Long-Lived Assets
The Companys other long-lived assets include property and equipment and amortizable intangibles. The Company had $200,708 and $215,442 of amortizable intangible assets, net of amortization, at May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014, respectively. The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable and considers market participants in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 360-10, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (ASC 360-10). The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment at the individual Barnes & Noble store level, except for B&N College long-lived assets, which are evaluated for impairment at the school contract combined store level, which is the lowest level at which individual cash flows can be identified. When evaluating long-lived assets for potential impairment, the Company will first compare the carrying amount of the assets to the individual stores estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If the estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, an impairment loss calculation is prepared. The impairment loss calculation compares the carrying amount of the assets to the individual stores fair value based on its estimated discounted future cash flows. If required, an impairment loss is recorded for that portion of the assets carrying value in excess of fair value. Impairment losses included in selling and administrative expenses totaled $373, $32,390 and $4,168 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively.
Goodwill and Unamortizable Intangible Assets
The costs in excess of net assets of businesses acquired are carried as goodwill in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
At May 2, 2015, the Company had $489,267 of goodwill and $313,134 of unamortizable intangible assets (those with an indefinite useful life), accounting for approximately 24.8% of the Companys total assets. ASC 350-30, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, requires that goodwill and other unamortizable intangible assets no longer be amortized, but instead be tested for impairment at least annually or earlier if there are impairment indicators. The Company performs a two-step process for impairment testing of goodwill as required by ASC 350-30. The first step of this test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. The second step (if necessary) measures the amount of the impairment. The Company completed its annual goodwill impairment test as of the first day of the third quarter of fiscal 2015. In performing the valuations, the Company used cash flows that reflected managements forecasts and discount rates that included risk adjustments consistent with the current market conditions. Based on the results of the Companys step one testing, the fair values of the B&N Retail, B&N College and NOOK reporting units as of that date exceeded their carrying values; therefore, the second step of the impairment test was not required to be performed and no goodwill impairment was recognized. Impairment losses included in selling and administrative expenses related to goodwill totaled $0, $0 and $20,278 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively.
The Company tests unamortizable intangible assets by comparing the fair value and the carrying value of such assets. The Company also completed its annual impairment tests for its other unamortizable intangible assets by comparing the estimated fair value to the carrying value of such assets. Impairment losses included in selling and administrative expenses related to unamortizable intangible assets totaled $0, $1,602 and $0 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Changes in market conditions, among other factors, could have a material impact on these estimates.
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The impairments in fiscal 2014 related to certain publishing contracts. The publishing contracts include the value of long-standing relationships with authors, agents and publishers established upon the Companys acquisition of Sterling in 2003. Given Sterlings strong history of maintaining such relationships, the Company believes they produce value indefinitely without an identifiable remaining useful life. However, given the continued declines in the physical book business, certain of these contracts were impaired.
During the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company determined that goodwill impairment indicators arose in its NOOK reporting unit as recurring losses have led to revisions in its strategic plans. As a result, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013, the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $18,332 in selling and administrative expenses, which represented all the goodwill in the NOOK reporting unit.
In fiscal 2013, the Company decided to shut down the operations of Tikatok. Tikatok was an online platform where parents and their children and others can write, illustrate and publish stories into hardcover and paperback books. This decision resulted in an impairment charge of $1,973, including the write-off of goodwill of $1,947 and intangible assets of $26 during the second quarter of fiscal 2013. The effect of Tikatok operations is not material to the overall results of the Company.
Deferred Charges
Costs incurred to obtain long-term financing are amortized over the terms of the respective debt agreements using the straight-line method, which approximates the interest method. Unamortized costs included in other noncurrent assets as of May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014 were $5,371 and $10,897, respectively. Amortization expense included in interest and amortization of deferred financing fees was $5,477, $5,957 and $5,470 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue from sales of the Companys products is recognized at the time of sale or shipment, other than those with multiple elements and Free On Board (FOB) destination point shipping terms. Certain of the Company sales agreements with its distribution partners contain rights of inspection or acceptance provisions as is standard in the Companys industry. The Company accrues for estimated sales returns in the period in which the related revenue is recognized based on historical experience and industry standards. ECommerce revenue from sales of products ordered through the Companys websites is recognized upon delivery and receipt of the shipment by its customers. Sales taxes collected from retail customers are excluded from reported revenues. All of the Companys sales are recognized as revenue on a net basis, including sales in connection with any periodic promotions offered to customers. The Company does not treat any promotional offers as expenses.
In accordance with ASC No. 605-25, Revenue Recognition, Multiple Element Arrangements and Accounting Standards Updates (ASU) 2009-13 and 2009-14, for multiple-element arrangements that involve tangible products that contain software that is essential to the tangible products
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functionality, undelivered software elements that relate to the tangible products essential software and other separable elements, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables using the relative selling-price method. Under this method, revenue is allocated at the time of sale to all deliverables based on their relative selling price using a specific hierarchy. The hierarchy is as follows: vendor-specific objective evidence, third-party evidence of selling price, or best estimate of selling price. NOOK® device revenue is recognized at the segment point of sale.
The Company includes post-service customer support (PCS) in the form of software updates and potential increased functionality on a when-and-if-available basis, as well as wireless access and wireless connectivity with the purchase of a NOOK® from the Company. Using the relative selling price described above, the Company allocates revenue based on the best estimate of selling price for the deliverables as no vendor-specific objective evidence or third-party evidence exists for any of the elements. Revenue allocated to NOOK® and the software essential to its functionality is recognized at the time of sale, provided all other conditions for revenue recognition are met. Revenue allocated to the PCS and the wireless access is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the 2-year estimated life of a NOOK®.
The average percentage of a NOOK®s sales price that is deferred for undelivered items and recognized over its 2-year estimated life ranges between 0% and 6%, depending on the type of device sold. The amount of NOOK®-related deferred revenue as of May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014 was $2,406 and $9,934, respectively. These amounts are classified on the Companys balance sheet in accrued liabilities for the portion that is subject to deferral for one year or less and other long-term liabilities for the portion that is subject to deferral for more than one year.
The Company also pays certain vendors who distribute NOOK® a commission on the content sales sold through that device. The Company accounts for these transactions as a reduction in the sales price of the NOOK® based on historical trends of content sales and a liability is established for the estimated commission expected to be paid over the life of the product. The Company recognizes revenue of the content at the point of sale of the content. The Company records revenue from sales of digital content, sales of third-party extended warranties, service contracts and other products, for which the Company is not obligated to perform, and for which the Company does not meet the criteria for gross revenue recognition under ASC 605-45-45, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent, on a net basis. All other revenue is recognized on a gross basis.
The Company rents both physical and digital textbooks. Revenue from the rental of physical textbooks is deferred and recognized over the rental period commencing at point of sale. Revenue from the rental of digital textbooks is recognized at time of sale. A software feature is imbedded within the content of our digital textbooks, such that upon expiration of the rental term the customer is no longer able to access the content. While the digital rental allows the customer to access digital content for a fixed period of time, once the digital content is delivered to the customer our obligation is complete. The Company offers a buyout option to allow the purchase of a rented book at the end of the semester. The Company records the buyout purchase when the customer exercises and pays the buyout option price. In these instances, the Company would accelerate any remaining deferred rental revenue at the point of sale.
NOOK acquires the rights to distribute digital content from publishers and distributes the content on barnesandnoble.com, NOOK® devices and other eBookstore platforms. Certain digital content is distributed under an agency pricing model in which the publishers set prices for eBooks and NOOK receives a commission on content sold through the eBookstore. The majority of the Companys eBook sales are sold under the agency model.
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The Barnes & Noble Member Program offers members greater discounts and other benefits for products and services, as well as exclusive offers and promotions via e-mail or direct mail generally for an annual fee of $25.00, which is non-refundable after the first 30 days. Revenue is recognized over the twelve-month period based upon historical spending patterns for Barnes & Noble Members.
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09). The standard provides companies with a single model for use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific revenue guidance. The core principle of the model is to recognize revenue when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer, as opposed to recognizing revenue when the risks and rewards transfer to the customer under the existing revenue guidance. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is not permitted. The guidance permits companies to either apply the requirements retrospectively to all prior periods presented, or apply the requirements in the year of adoption, through a cumulative adjustment. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.
Research and Development Costs for Software Products
The Company follows the guidance in ASC 985-20, Cost of Software to Be Sold, Leased or Marketed, regarding software development costs to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed. Capitalization of software development costs begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility and is discontinued when the product is available for sale. A certain amount of judgment and estimation is required to assess when technological feasibility is established, as well as the ongoing assessment of the recoverability of capitalized costs. The Companys products reach technological feasibility shortly before the products are released and therefore research and development costs are generally expensed as incurred.
Internal-use Software and Website Development Costs
Direct costs incurred to develop software for internal-use and website development costs are capitalized and amortized over an estimated useful life of three to seven years. During fiscal 2015 and 2014, the Company capitalized costs, primarily related to labor, consulting, hardware and software of $42,699 and $50,565, respectively. Amortization of previously capitalized amounts was $27,568, $24,145 and $19,044 for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Costs related to the design or maintenance of internal-use software and website development are expensed as incurred.
Advertising Costs
The costs of advertising are expensed as incurred during the year pursuant to ASC 720-35, Advertising Costs. Advertising costs charged to selling and administrative expenses were $58,823, $61,527 and $110,878 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively.
The Company receives payments and credits from vendors pursuant to co-operative advertising and other programs, including payments for product placement in stores, catalogs and online. In accordance with ASC 605-50-25-10, Customers Accounting for Certain Consideration Received from a Vendor, the Company classifies certain co-op advertising received as a reduction in costs of sales and occupancy. Allowances received from vendors exceeded gross advertising costs in each of the fiscal years noted above.
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Closed Store Expenses
When the Company closes or relocates a store, the Company charges unrecoverable costs to expense. Such costs include the net book value of abandoned fixtures and leasehold improvements and, when a store is closed prior to the expiration of the lease, a provision for future lease obligations, net of expected sublease recoveries. Costs associated with store closings of $1,201, $929 and $5,006 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively, are included in selling and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Net Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share
Basic earnings per share represent net earnings (loss) attributable to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect, in periods in which they have a dilutive effect, the impact of common shares issuable upon exercise of the Companys outstanding stock options. The Companys unvested restricted shares, unvested restricted stock units and common shares issuable under the Companys deferred compensation plan are deemed participating securities and are excluded from the dilutive impact of common equivalent shares outstanding under the two-class method since these shares are entitled to participate in dividends declared on common shares. Under the two-class method, earnings (loss) attributable to unvested restricted shares, unvested restricted stock units and common shares issuable under the Companys deferred compensation plan are excluded from net earnings (loss) attributable to common shareholders for purposes of calculating basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share. See Note 7 for further information regarding the calculation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes includes federal, state and local income taxes currently payable and those deferred because of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. The deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. The Company regularly reviews its deferred tax assets for recoverability and establishes a valuation allowance, if determined to be necessary.
Stock-Based Compensation
The calculation of stock-based employee compensation expense involves estimates that require managements judgment. These estimates include the fair value of each of the stock option awards granted, which is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. There are two significant inputs into the Black-Scholes option pricing model: expected volatility and expected term. The Company estimates expected volatility based on traded option volatility of the Companys stock over a term equal to the expected term of the option granted. The expected term of stock option awards granted is derived from historical exercise experience under the Companys stock option plans and represents the period of time that stock option awards granted are expected to be outstanding. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based payment awards represent managements best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of managements judgment. As a result, if factors change and the Company uses different assumptions, stock-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. In addition, the Company is required to estimate the expected forfeiture rate, and only recognize expense for those shares expected to vest. If the Companys actual forfeiture rate is materially different from its estimate, the stock-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what the Company has recorded in the current period. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion on stock-based compensation.
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Gift Cards
The Company sells gift cards, which can be used in its stores, on barnesandnoble.com and NOOK® devices. The Company does not charge administrative or dormancy fees on gift cards and gift cards have no expiration dates. Upon the purchase of a gift card, a liability is established for its cash value. Revenue associated with gift cards is deferred until redemption of the gift card. Over time, some portion of the gift cards issued is not redeemed. The Company estimates the portion of the gift card liability for which the likelihood of redemption is remote based upon the Companys historical redemption patterns. The Company records this amount in income on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period beginning in the 13th month after the month the gift card was originally sold. The Company does not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the estimates or assumptions used to recognize revenue associated with gift cards. However, additional breakage may be required if gift card redemptions continue to run lower than historical patterns. The Company recognized gift card breakage of $26,080, $23,221 and $23,929 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. The Company had gift card liabilities of $358,146 and $356,700 as of May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014, respectively.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable, as presented on the Companys Consolidated Balance Sheets, is net of allowances. An allowance for doubtful accounts is determined through an analysis of the aging of accounts receivable and assessments of collectibility based on historic trends, the financial condition of the Companys customers and an evaluation of economic conditions. The Company writes off uncollectible trade receivables once collection efforts have been exhausted. Costs associated with allowable customer markdowns and operational chargebacks, net of the expected recoveries, are part of the provision for allowances included in accounts receivable. These provisions result from seasonal negotiations, as well as historic deduction trends net of expected recoveries, and the evaluation of current market conditions.
Reclassifications
Certain prior-period amounts have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform with the fiscal 2015 presentation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-04, Practical Expedient for the Measurement Date of an Employers Defined Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets (ASU 2015-04). For an entity with a fiscal year-end that does not coincide with a month-end, the amendments in this ASU provide a practical expedient that permits the entity to measure defined benefit plan assets and obligations using the month-end that is closest to the entitys fiscal year-end and apply that practical expedient consistently from year to year. The practical expedient should be applied consistently to all plans if an entity has more than one plan. ASU 2015-04 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. Earlier application is permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.
Reporting Period
The Companys fiscal year is comprised of 52 or 53 weeks, ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of April. The reporting periods ended May 2, 2015 contained 52 weeks, May 3, 2014 contained 53 weeks, and April 27, 2013 contained 52 weeks.
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2. | Credit Facility |
The Company is party to an amended and restated credit facility with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent and swing line lender, and other lenders, dated as of April 29, 2011 (as amended and modified to date, the Credit Facility), consisting of up to $1,000,000 in aggregate commitments under a five-year asset-backed revolving credit facility expiring on April 29, 2016, which is secured by eligible inventory and accounts receivable with the ability to include eligible real estate and related assets. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are limited to a specified percentage of eligible inventories and accounts receivable and accrued interest, at the election of the Company, at Base Rate or LIBO Rate, plus, in each case, an Applicable Margin (each term as defined in the Credit Facility). In addition, the Company has the option to request an increase in commitments under the Credit Facility by up to $300,000, subject to certain restrictions.
The Credit Facility requires Availability (as defined in the Credit Facility) to be greater than the greater of (i) 10% of the Loan Cap (as defined in the Credit Facility) and (ii) $50,000. In addition, the Credit Facility contains covenants that limit, among other things, the Companys ability to incur indebtedness, create liens, make investments, make restricted payments, merge or acquire assets, and contains default provisions that are typical for this type of financing, among other things. Proceeds from the Credit Facility are used for general corporate purposes, including seasonal working capital needs.
The Company had no outstanding debt under the Credit Facility as of May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014.
Selected information related to the Companys credit facilities:
Fiscal 2015 |
Fiscal 2014 |
Fiscal 2013 |
||||||||||
Credit facility at period end |
$ | | | 77,000 | ||||||||
Average balance outstanding during the period |
$ | 18,227 | 48,254 | 214,702 | ||||||||
Maximum borrowings outstanding during the period |
$ | 202,800 | 180,300 | 462,900 | ||||||||
Weighted average interest rate during the period (a) |
38.18 | % | 15.65 | % | 5.56 | % | ||||||
Interest rate at end of period |
0.00 | % | 0.00 | % | 4.93 | % |
(a) | Includes commitment fees. |
Fees expensed with respect to the unused portion of the credit facilities were $4,658, $4,375 and $3,794 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. The Company had $66,946 of outstanding letters of credit under the 2013 Amended Credit Facility as of May 2, 2015 compared with $36,782 as of May 3, 2014.
The Company has no agreements to maintain compensating balances.
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3. | Stock-Based Compensation |
The Company maintains four share-based incentive plans: the 1996 Incentive Plan, the 2004 Incentive Plan, the 2009 Incentive Plan and the Amended and Restated 2009 Incentive Plan. Prior to June 2, 2009, the Company issued restricted stock and stock options under the 1996 and 2004 Incentive Plans. On June 2, 2009, the Companys shareholders approved the 2009 Incentive Plan. Under the 2009 Incentive Plan, the Company has issued restricted stock units, restricted stock and stock options. On September 11, 2012, the Companys shareholders approved the Amended and Restated 2009 Incentive Plan. Under the Amended and Restated 2009 Incentive Plan, the Company has issued restricted stock units, restricted stock and stock options. The maximum number of shares issuable under the Amended and Restated 2009 Incentive Plan is 1,700,000, plus shares that remain available under the Companys shareholder-approved 2009 and 2004 Incentive Plan. At May 2, 2015, there were approximately 4,326,902 shares of common stock available for future grants under the Amended and Restated 2009 Incentive Plan.
A restricted stock award is an award of common stock that is subject to certain restrictions during a specified period. Restricted stock awards are independent of option grants and are generally subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the release of the restrictions. The grantee cannot transfer the shares before the restricted shares vest. Shares of unvested restricted stock have the same voting rights as common stock, are entitled to receive dividends and other distributions thereon and are considered to be currently issued and outstanding. The Companys restricted stock awards vest over a period of one to four years. The Company expenses the cost of the restricted stock awards, which is determined to be the fair market value of the shares at the date of grant, straight-line over the period during which the restrictions lapse. For these purposes, the fair market value of the restricted stock is determined based on the closing price of the Companys common stock on the grant date.
A restricted stock unit is a grant valued in terms of the Companys common stock, but no stock is issued at the time of grant. The restricted stock units may be redeemed for one share of common stock each once vested. Restricted stock units are generally subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the release of the restrictions. The grantee cannot transfer the units except in very limited circumstances and with the consent of the compensation committee. Shares of unvested restricted stock units have no voting rights but are entitled to receive dividends and other distributions thereon. The Companys restricted stock units vest over a period of one to four years. The Company expenses the cost of the restricted stock units, which is determined to be the fair market value of the shares at the date of grant, straight-line over the period during which the restrictions lapse. For these purposes, the fair market value of the restricted stock unit is determined based on the closing price of the Companys common stock on the grant date.
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to value the Companys stock options for each stock option award. Using this option-pricing model, the fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant. The fair value of the Companys stock option awards, which are generally subject to pro-rata vesting annually over four years, is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the stock options. The expected volatility assumption is based on traded options volatility of the Companys stock over a term equal to the expected term of the option granted. The expected term of stock option awards granted is derived from historical exercise experience under the Companys stock option plans and represents the period of time that stock option awards granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumption incorporates the contractual term of an option grant, which is ten years, as well as the vesting period of an award, which is generally pro-rata vesting annually over four years. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield on a U.S. Treasury constant maturity with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option granted.
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The Company recognizes stock-based compensation costs, net of estimated forfeitures, for only those shares expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The Company estimates the forfeiture rates based on its historical experience.
The weighted average assumptions relating to the valuation of the Companys stock options for fiscal year 2013 are shown below. No stock options were granted during fiscal 2015 or fiscal 2014.
Fiscal Year |
2013 | |||
Weighted average fair value of grants |
$ | 7.80 | ||
Volatility |
86.13 | % | ||
Risk-free interest rate |
0.67 | % | ||
Expected life |
5 years | |||
Expected dividend yield |
0.00 | % |
Stock-Based Compensation Activity
The following table presents a summary of the Companys stock option activity:
Number of Shares (in thousands) |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) |
|||||||||||||
Balance, April 28, 2012 |
3,860 | $ | 18.76 | 5.70 years | $ | 574 | ||||||||||
Granted |
515 | 11.64 | ||||||||||||||
Exercised |
(279 | ) | 12.20 | |||||||||||||
Forfeited |
(720 | ) | 20.19 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Balance, April 27, 2013 |
3,376 | $ | 17.91 | 6.24 years | $ | 7,331 | ||||||||||
Granted |
0 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||
Exercised |
(66 | ) | 15.71 | |||||||||||||
Forfeited |
(2,272 | ) | 16.95 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Balance, May 3, 2014 |
1,039 | $ | 20.14 | 4.53 years | $ | 725 | ||||||||||
Granted |
0 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||
Exercised |
(83 | ) | 15.47 | |||||||||||||
Forfeited |
(501 | ) | 24.12 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Balance, May 2, 2015 |
455 | $ | 16.62 | 6.27 years | $ | 3,114 | ||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Vested and expected to vest in the future at May 2, 2015 |
438 | $ | 16.69 | 6.25 years | $ | 2,984 | ||||||||||
Exercisable at May 2, 2015 |
196 | $ | 18.14 | 5.86 years | $ | 1,245 | ||||||||||
Available for grant at May 2, 2015 |
4,327 |
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Companys closing stock price on the last trading day of the related
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fiscal year and the exercise price, multiplied by the related in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had they exercised their options at the end of the fiscal year. This amount changes based on the market value of the Companys common stock. Total intrinsic value of options exercised for fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013 (based on the difference between the Companys stock price on the exercise date and the respective exercise price, multiplied by the number of options exercised) was $596, $227 and $1,206, respectively.
As of May 2, 2015, there was $671 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options granted under the Companys share-based compensation plans. That expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.59 years.
The following table presents a summary of the Companys restricted stock activity:
Number of Shares (in thousands) |
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
|||||||
Balance, April 28, 2012 |
1,384 | $ | 19.68 | |||||
Granted |
60 | 11.52 | ||||||
Vested |
(866 | ) | 20.49 | |||||
Forfeited |
(293 | ) | 19.24 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Balance, April 27, 2013 |
285 | $ | 15.91 | |||||
Granted |
61 | 13.81 | ||||||
Vested |
(194 | ) | 16.15 | |||||
Forfeited |
(53 | ) | 16.02 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Balance, May 3, 2014 |
99 | $ | 14.09 | |||||
Granted |
43 | 22.24 | ||||||
Vested |
(96 | ) | 14.10 | |||||
Forfeited |
(3 | ) | 13.46 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Balance, May 2, 2015 |
43 | $ | 22.24 | |||||
|
|
Total fair value of shares of restricted stock that vested during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013 was $2,188, $2,955 and $13,447, respectively. As of May 2, 2015, there was $320 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock awards. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.38 years.
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The following table presents a summary of the Companys restricted stock unit activity:
Number of Shares (in thousands) |
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
|||||||
Balance, April 28, 2012 |
964 | $ | 16.63 | |||||
Granted |
1,029 | 16.29 | ||||||
Vested |
(13 | ) | 15.31 | |||||
Forfeited |
(102 | ) | 18.01 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Balance, April 27, 2013 |
1,878 | $ | 16.38 | |||||
Granted |
2,469 | 15.12 | ||||||
Vested |
(497 | ) | 16.76 | |||||
Forfeited |
(723 | ) | 17.13 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Balance, May 3, 2014 |
3,127 | $ | 15.15 | |||||
Granted |
291 | 19.40 | ||||||
Vested |
(1,054 | ) | 15.19 | |||||
Forfeited |
(309 | ) | 15.94 | |||||
|
|
|||||||
Balance, May 2, 2015 |
2,055 | $ | 15.62 | |||||
|
|
Total fair value of shares of restricted stock units that vested during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013 were $23,578, $9,475 and $205, respectively. As of May 2, 2015, there was $23,101 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to nonvested restricted stock units. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.77 years.
For fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, stock-based compensation expense of $19,989, $12,171 and $20,187, respectively, is included in selling and administrative expenses.
4. | Receivables, Net |
Receivables represent customer, private and public institutional and government billings, credit/debit card, advertising, landlord and other receivables due within one year as follows:
May 2, 2015 |
May 3, 2014 |
|||||||
Trade accounts |
$ | 43,880 | $ | 54,375 | ||||
Credit/debit card receivables |
29,993 | 32,331 | ||||||
EBook settlement receivable (a) |
| 28,117 | ||||||
Other receivables |
24,703 | 29,158 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total receivables, net |
$ | 98,576 | $ | 143,981 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(a) | The Company provided credits to eligible customers resulting from the settlements reached with certain publishers in antitrust lawsuits filed by various State Attorney Generals and private class plaintiffs regarding the price of digital books. The Companys customers were entitled to $44,203 in total credits as a result of the settlement, which is funded by these publishers. If a customers credit is not used to make a purchase within one year, the entire credit will expire. The Company recorded estimated redemptions of $33,646 as a receivable from these publishers and a liability to its customers in March 2014, all of which were activated by customers as of March 2015. |
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5. | Other Long-Term Liabilities |
Other long-term liabilities consist primarily of deferred rent, the Microsoft Commercial Agreement financing transaction (see Note 11) and tax liabilities and reserves. The Company provides for minimum rent expense over the lease terms (including the build-out period) on a straight-line basis. The excess of such rent expense over actual lease payments (net of tenant allowances) is classified as deferred rent. Other long-term liabilities include store closing expenses and long-term deferred revenues. The Company had the following long-term liabilities at May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014:
May 2, 2015 |
May 3, 2014 |
|||||||
Deferred rent |
$ | 94,952 | $ | 128,280 | ||||
Microsoft Commercial Agreement financing transaction (see Note 11) |
| 140,714 | ||||||
Tax liabilities and reserves |
71,369 | 51,399 | ||||||
Pension Liability (a) (see Note 8) |
| 11,154 | ||||||
Other |
29,981 | 35,442 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total long-term liabilities |
$ | 196,302 | $ | 366,989 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(a) | Pension liabilities of $14,216 as of May 2, 2015 were reclassed to short-term as the plan termination is expected to be settled within twelve months. |
6. | Fair Values of Financial Instruments |
In accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, the fair value of an asset is considered to be the price at which the asset could be sold in an orderly transaction between unrelated knowledgeable and willing parties. A liabilitys fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a new obligor, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured using a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:
Level 1 | Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices in active markets | |
Level 2 | Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable | |
Level 3 | Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions |
The Companys financial instruments include cash, receivables, gift cards, accrued liabilities and accounts payable. The fair values of cash, receivables, accrued liabilities and accounts payable approximate carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company believes that its credit facility approximates fair value since interest rates are adjusted to reflect current rates.
7. | Net Earnings (Loss) Per Share |
In accordance with ASC 260-10-45, Share-Based Payment Arrangements and Participating Securities and the Two-Class Method, the Companys unvested restricted shares, unvested restricted stock units and shares issuable under the Companys deferred compensation plan are considered participating securities. During periods of net income, the calculation of earnings per share for common stock are reclassified to exclude the income attributable to the unvested restricted shares,
F-60
unvested restricted stock units and shares issuable under the Companys deferred compensation plan from the numerator and exclude the dilutive impact of those shares from the denominator. Diluted earnings per share for fiscal year 2015 were calculated using the two-class method for stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units and the if-converted method for the preferred stock.
During periods of net loss, no effect is given to the participating securities because they do not share in the losses of the Company. Due to the net loss during fiscal 2014 and 2013, participating securities in the amounts of 3,048,040 and 2,859,084, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of loss per share using the two-class method because the effect would be antidilutive. The Companys outstanding dilutive stock options of 31,778 and 55,977, for fiscal 2014 and 2013, respectively, and accretion/payments of dividends on preferred shares were also excluded from the calculation of loss per share using the two-class method because the effect would be antidilutive.
The following is a reconciliation of the Companys basic and diluted earnings per share calculation:
Fiscal 2015 |
Fiscal 2014 |
Fiscal 2013 |
||||||||||
Numerator for basic income (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Barnes & Noble, Inc. |
$ | 36,596 | (47,268 | ) | (157,806 | ) | ||||||
Preferred stock dividends |
(15,767 | ) | (16,028 | ) | (15,767 | ) | ||||||
Accretion of dividends on preferred stock |
(7,339 | ) | (3,032 | ) | (2,266 | ) | ||||||
Less allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities |
(739 | ) | | | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
$ | 12,751 | (66,328 | ) | (175,839 | ) | ||||||
Numerator for diluted income (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
$ | 12,751 | (66,328 | ) | (175,839 | ) | ||||||
Preferred stock dividends (a) |
| | | |||||||||
Accretion of dividends on preferred stock (a) |
| | | |||||||||
Allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities |
739 | | | |||||||||
Less diluted allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities |
(738 | ) | | | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders |
$ | 12,752 | (66,328 | ) | (175,839 | ) | ||||||
Denominator for basic income (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic weighted average common shares |
60,842 | 58,971 | 58,247 | |||||||||
Denominator for diluted income (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic weighted average shares |
60,842 | 58,971 | 58,247 | |||||||||
Preferred shares (a) |
| | | |||||||||
Average dilutive options |
86 | | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Diluted weighted average shares |
60,928 | 58,971 | 58,247 | |||||||||
Income (loss) per common share: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.21 | (1.12 | ) | (3.02 | ) | ||||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.21 | (1.12 | ) | (3.02 | ) |
(a) | Although the Company was in a net income position during the 52 weeks ended May 2, 2015, the dilutive effect of the Companys convertible preferred shares were excluded from the calculation of income per share using the two-class method because the effect would be antidilutive. |
F-61
8. | Employees Retirement and Defined Contribution Plans |
As of December 31, 1999, substantially all employees of the Company were covered under a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan (the Pension Plan). As of January 1, 2000, the Pension Plan was amended so that employees no longer earn benefits for subsequent service. Effective December 31, 2004, the Barnes & Noble.com Employees Retirement Plan (the B&N.com Retirement Plan) was merged with the Pension Plan. Substantially all employees of Barnes & Noble.com were covered under the B&N.com Retirement Plan. As of July 1, 2000, the B&N.com Retirement Plan was amended so that employees no longer earn benefits for subsequent service. Subsequent service continues to be the basis for vesting of benefits not yet vested at December 31, 1999 and June 30, 2000 for the Pension Plan and the B&N.com Retirement Plan, respectively. The actuarial assumptions used to calculate pension costs are reviewed annually. Pension expense was $10,434, $2,465 and $2,836 for fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively.
On June 18, 2014, the Companys Board of Directors approved a resolution to terminate the Pension Plan. The Pension Plan termination was effective November 1, 2014. As a result of the Pension Plan termination, pension liability and other comprehensive loss increased by $15,747, before tax, during the 13 weeks ended August 2, 2014. It is expected to take 18 to 24 months to complete the termination from the date of the approved resolution to terminate the Pension Plan. The pension liability will be settled in either a lump sum payment or a purchased annuity. A special lump sum opportunity was offered to terminated vested participants in the Pension Plan during the 13 weeks ended November 1, 2014, which triggered settlement accounting in the period ending January 31, 2015. The settlement represents 735 participants who elected to receive a lump sum of their benefit, totaling $15,190. The distributions primarily took place in December 2014 and resulted in a settlement charge of $7,317, which was reclassified from other comprehensive income to selling and administrative expenses during fiscal 2015. The net impact of the Pension Plan termination, special lump sum opportunity, settlement accounting and remeasurement and regular plan experience, was an increase in pension liability of $3,062 and a decrease in other comprehensive income of $6,503, before tax, in fiscal 2015. There will be another lump sum opportunity available to the remaining 2,300 active and terminated vested participants at the final Pension Plan termination distribution date. Currently, there is not enough information available to determine the ultimate charge of the termination. The actuarial assumptions used to calculate pension costs are typically reviewed annually. In light of the resolution to terminate the Pension Plan, the assumptions used to calculate the pension costs were reviewed during the 13 weeks ended August 2, 2014. In addition, due to the required settlement, the assumptions were again reviewed during the 13 weeks ended January 31, 2015.
The Company maintains a defined contribution plan (the Savings Plan) for the benefit of substantially all employees. Total Company contributions charged to employee benefit expenses for the Savings Plan were $16,270, $16,744 and $15,902 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. In addition, the Company provides certain health care and life insurance benefits (the Postretirement Plan) to certain retired employees, limited to those receiving benefits or retired as of April 1, 1993. Total Company contributions charged to employee benefit expenses for the Postretirement Plan were $52, $44 and $0 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively.
F-62
9. | Income Taxes |
Income (loss) before income taxes for fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013 are as follows:
Fiscal 2015 | Fiscal 2014 | Fiscal 2013 | ||||||||||
Domestic operations |
$ | 111,302 | 3,952 | (257,173 | ) | |||||||
Foreign operations |
3,981 | 733 | 1,824 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total income (loss) before taxes |
$ | 115,283 | 4,685 | (255,349 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax provisions (benefits) for fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013 are as follows:
Fiscal 2015 | Fiscal 2014 | Fiscal 2013 | ||||||||||
Current: |
||||||||||||
Federal |
$ | 81,107 | 5,753 | 18,270 | ||||||||
State |
8,844 | 2,819 | 2,594 | |||||||||
Foreign |
1,314 | 156 | 486 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total current |
91,265 | 8,728 | 21,350 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Deferred: |
||||||||||||
Federal |
(41 | ) | 30,792 | (93,684 | ) | |||||||
State |
(12,581 | ) | 12,433 | (25,209 | ) | |||||||
Foreign |
44 | | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total deferred |
(12,578 | ) | 43,225 | (118,893 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
$ | 78,687 | 51,953 | (97,543 | ) | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation between the effective income tax rate and the federal statutory income tax rate is as follows:
Fiscal 2015 | Fiscal 2014 | Fiscal 2013 | ||||||||||
Federal statutory income tax rate |
35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | ||||||
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit |
9.5 | 156.8 | 3.9 | |||||||||
Changes to unrecognized tax benefits |
0.1 | 42.5 | (5.7 | ) | ||||||||
Excess executive compensation |
2.4 | 14.0 | (1.8 | ) | ||||||||
Meals and entertainment disallowance |
0.7 | 16.0 | (0.2 | ) | ||||||||
Research Tax Credits |
(2.4 | ) | (63.4 | ) | 7.4 | |||||||
Joint venture net loss allocation |
32.0 | 657.8 | | |||||||||
Change in valuation allowance |
(11.3 | ) | 248.5 | | ||||||||
Other, net |
2.3 | 1.7 | (0.4 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Effective income tax rate |
68.3 | % | 1,108.9 | % | 38.2 | % | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
The joint venture net loss allocation identified in the table above refers to our obligation under the joint venture with Microsoft and Pearson that was terminated earlier in the fiscal year to allocate items of loss and expense to Microsoft for income tax purposes. In the current fiscal year, this commitment resulted in an additional allocation for tax purposes of $105,542 of joint venture losses to Microsoft.
F-63
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred taxes are recorded based on differences between the financial statement basis and tax basis of assets and liabilities and available tax loss and credit carryforwards. At May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014, the significant components of the Companys deferred taxes consisted of the following:
May 2, 2015 | May 3, 2014 | |||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
||||||||
Estimated accrued liabilities |
$ | 131,347 | $ | 124,875 | ||||
Inventory |
28,437 | 42,671 | ||||||
Insurance liability |
9,149 | 8,804 | ||||||
Loss and credit carryovers |
28,735 | 47,308 | ||||||
Lease transactions |
25,292 | 24,499 | ||||||
Pension |
6,175 | 4,885 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation |
4,565 | 6,364 | ||||||
Investments in equity securities |
39 | 1,564 | ||||||
Depreciation |
4,501 | | ||||||
Other |
809 | 1,263 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Gross deferred tax assets |
239,049 | 262,233 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Valuation allowance |
(1,215 | ) | (19,176 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net deferred tax assets |
237,834 | 243,057 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Deferred tax liabilities: |
||||||||
Prepaid expenses |
(6,777 | ) | (6,900 | ) | ||||
Goodwill and intangible asset amortization |
(210,249 | ) | (209,541 | ) | ||||
Investment in Barnes & Noble.com |
(78,526 | ) | (78,554 | ) | ||||
Depreciation |
| (15,257 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Gross deferred tax liabilities |
(295,552 | ) | (310,252 | ) | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net deferred tax liabilities |
$ | (57,718 | ) | $ | (67,195 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|
In assessing the realizability of the deferred tax assets, management considered whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets would be realized. In evaluating the Companys ability to utilize its deferred tax assets, it considered all available evidence, both positive and negative, in determining future taxable income on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance of $1,215 and $19,176 at May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014, respectively. The $17,961 decrease in the valuation allowance during fiscal 2015 is due principally to the actual utilization of deferred tax assets in the current fiscal year.
At May 2, 2015, and based on its tax year ended January 2015, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs) of approximately $53,222 and state net operating loss carryforwards of $168,023 that are available to offset taxable income in its respective taxing jurisdiction beginning in the current period and that expire beginning in 2019 through 2023. The utilization of federal net operating loss carryforward is limited to approximately $6,653 on an annual basis. NOLs not used during a particular period may be carried forward to future years, though not beyond the expiration years. Additionally, the Company had approximately $152,853 of state NOLs that have no annual limitation and expire beginning in 2030. The Company had net federal and state tax credits totaling $2,152, which has an indefinite life.
F-64
As of May 2, 2015, the Company had $18,382 of unrecognized tax benefits, all of which, if recognized, would affect the Companys effective tax rate. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013 is as follows:
Balance at April 28, 2012 |
$ | 13,135 | ||
Additions for tax positions of the current period |
3,189 | |||
Additions for tax positions of prior periods |
9,187 | |||
Reductions due to settlements |
(370 | ) | ||
Other reductions for tax positions of prior periods |
(3,815 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Balance at April 27, 2013 |
$ | 21,326 | ||
Additions for tax positions of the current period |
2,693 | |||
Additions for tax positions of prior periods |
2,206 | |||
Reductions due to settlements |
| |||
Other reductions for tax positions of prior periods |
(7,070 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Balance at May 3, 2014 |
$ | 19,155 | ||
Additions for tax positions of the current period |
731 | |||
Additions for tax positions of prior periods |
| |||
Reductions due to settlements |
| |||
Other reductions for tax positions of prior periods |
(1,504 | ) | ||
|
|
|||
Balance at May 2, 2015 |
$ | 18,382 | ||
|
|
The Companys policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company recorded net interest and penalties expense of approximately $1,394, $472 and $2,674 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. As of May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014, the Company had net accrued interest and penalties of $12,000 and $10,606, respectively. Further, we believe that it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits at January 31, 2015 could decrease by approximately $2,479 within the next twelve months, as a result, of settlement of certain tax audits or lapses of statutes of limitation. Such decreases may involve the payment of additional taxes, the adjustment of deferred taxes including the need for additional valuation allowances, and the recognition of tax benefits.
As of May 2, 2015, the Company has not provided for deferred taxes on the excess of financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in certain foreign subsidiaries because the Company plans to reinvest such earnings indefinitely outside the United States. If these earnings were repatriated in the future, additional income and withholding tax expense would be incurred. Due to complexities in the laws of the foreign jurisdictions and the assumptions that would have to be made, it is not practicable to estimate the total amount of income taxes that would have to be provided on such earnings.
The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax in jurisdictions of each state having an income tax. The tax years that remain subject to examination are primarily from fiscal 2008 and forward. Some earlier years remain open for a small minority of states.
F-65
10. | Intangible Assets and Goodwill |
As of May 3, 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
Amortizable intangible assets |
Useful Life |
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Total | ||||||||||||
Customer relationships |
5-25 | $ | 271,938 | $ | (61,872 | ) | $ | 210,066 | ||||||||
Technology |
5-10 | 10,710 | (6,824 | ) | 3,886 | |||||||||||
Distribution contracts |
10 | 8,325 | (7,312 | ) | 1,013 | |||||||||||
Other |
3-10 | 6,419 | (5,942 | ) | 477 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
$ | 297,392 | $ | (81,950 | ) | $ | 215,442 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Unamortizable intangible assets |
||||||||||||||||
Trade name |
$ | 293,400 | ||||||||||||||
Publishing contracts |
19,734 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
$ | 313,134 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total amortizable and unamortizable intangible assets |
$ | 528,576 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
As of May 2, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||
Amortizable intangible assets |
Useful Life |
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Total | ||||||||||||
Customer relationships |
5-25 | $ | 271,938 | $ | (73,888 | ) | $ | 198,050 | ||||||||
Technology |
5-10 | 10,710 | (8,933 | ) | 1,777 | |||||||||||
Distribution contracts |
10 | 8,325 | (7,608 | ) | 717 | |||||||||||
Other |
3-10 | 6,397 | (6,233 | ) | 164 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
$ | 297,370 | $ | (96,662 | ) | $ | 200,708 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Unamortizable intangible assets |
||||||||||||||||
Trade name |
$ | 293,400 | ||||||||||||||
Publishing contracts |
19,734 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
$ | 313,134 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total amortizable and unamortizable intangible assets |
$ | 513,842 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
All amortizable intangible assets are being amortized over their useful life on a straight-line basis, with the exception of certain items such as customer relationships and other acquired intangibles, which are amortized on an accelerated basis.
F-66
Aggregate Amortization Expense: |
||||
For the 52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 |
$ | 14,713 | ||
For the 53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 |
$ | 17,835 | ||
For the 52 weeks ended April 27, 2013 |
$ | 21,426 | ||
Estimated Amortization Expense: |
||||
(12 months ending on or about April 30) |
||||
2016 |
$ | 11,227 | ||
2017 |
$ | 10,957 | ||
2018 |
$ | 10,732 | ||
2019 |
$ | 10,520 | ||
2020 |
$ | 10,206 |
The Company tests unamortizable intangible assets by comparing the fair value and the carrying value of such assets. The Company also completed its annual impairment tests for its other unamortizable intangible assets by comparing the estimated fair value to the carrying value of such assets. Impairment losses included in selling and administrative expenses related to unamortizable intangible assets totaled $0, $1,602 and $0 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Changes in market conditions, among other factors, could have a material impact on these estimates.
The impairments in fiscal 2014 related to a certain publishing contract. The publishing contracts include the value of long-standing relationships with authors, agents and publishers established upon the Companys acquisition of Sterling in 2003. Given Sterlings strong history of maintaining such relationships, the Company believes they produce value indefinitely without an identifiable remaining useful life. However, given the continued declines in the physical book business, certain of these contracts were impaired.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for fiscal 2015 are as follows:
B&N Retail Segment |
B&N College Segment |
NOOK Segment |
Total Company | |||||||||||||
Balance as of April 27, 2013 |
$ | 221,426 | 274,070 | | $ | 495,496 | ||||||||||
Benefit of excess tax amortization (a) |
(2,307 | ) | | | (2,307 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Balance as of May 3, 2014 |
$ | 219,119 | 274,070 | | $ | 493,189 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Benefit of excess tax amortization (a) |
(3,922 | ) | | | (3,922 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Balance as of May 2, 2015 |
$ | 215,197 | 274,070 | | $ | 489,267 |
(a) | The tax basis of goodwill arising from an acquisition during the 52 weeks ended January 29, 2005 exceeded the related basis for financial reporting purposes by approximately $96,576. In accordance with ASC 740-10-30, Accounting for Income Taxes, the Company is recognizing the tax benefits of amortizing such excess as a reduction of goodwill as it is realized on the Companys income tax return. |
11. | Microsoft Investment |
On April 27, 2012, Barnes & Noble entered into an investment agreement pursuant to which Barnes & Noble transferred to the LLC its digital device, digital content and college bookstore businesses, and Morrison purchased from the LLC, 300,000 convertible preferred membership interests in the LLC (Series A Preferred) for an aggregate purchase price of $300,000. Concurrently
F-67
with its entry into this agreement, Barnes & Noble also entered into a commercial agreement with Microsoft, pursuant to which, among other things, the LLC would develop and distribute a Windows 8 application for eReading and digital content purchases, and an intellectual property license and settlement agreement with Microsoft and Microsoft Licensing GP. The parties closed Morrisons investment in the LLC and the commercial agreement became effective on October 4, 2012.
On December 3, 2014, Morrison, Microsoft, Barnes & Noble and Barnes & Noble Education entered into agreements pursuant to which Morrisons interest in the LLC was purchased by Barnes & Noble Education and the Microsoft commercial agreement was terminated effective as of such date. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement (the Purchase Agreement) among Barnes & Noble, Barnes & Noble Education, Morrison and Microsoft, Barnes & Noble Education purchased from Morrison, and Morrison sold, all of its $300,000 convertible Series A preferred limited liability company interest in the LLC in exchange for an aggregate purchase price of $124,850 consisting of (i) $62,425 in cash and (ii) 2,737,290 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Barnes & Noble. The Purchase Agreement closed on December 4, 2014. The Company accounted for this transaction in accordance with ASC 810-10, Non Controlling Interest (ASC 810-10) and accordingly was reflected as an equity transaction. In connection with the closing, the parties entered into a Digital Business Contingent Payment Agreement pursuant to which Microsoft is entitled to receive 22.7% of the proceeds from, among other events or transactions, (1) any future dividends or other distributions received from Barnes & Nobles NOOK digital business at any time until the date that is three years from the closing, subject to a one-year extension under certain circumstances, and (2) the sale of Barnes & Nobles NOOK digital business at any time until the date that is three years from the closing, subject to a one-year extension under certain circumstances.
Investment Agreement
Microsofts investment represented approximately 17.6% of the common membership interests in the LLC on an as-converted basis as of closing, with Barnes & Noble retaining the remaining ownership interests. This investment was classified as temporary equity in the mezzanine section of the balance sheet between liabilities and permanent equity, net of investment fees. The temporary equity designation was due to a potential put feature after five years from the closing of the investment agreement on the preferred membership interests. The preferred membership interests had a liquidation preference equal to the original investment. Upon the completion of the acquisition of Microsofts interest in the LLC, the temporary equity was converted to permanent equity.
Commercial Agreement
Under the commercial agreement, the LLC has developed certain applications for Windows 8 for purchasing and consumption of digital reading content and use efforts to expand internationally.
The commercial agreement provided for revenue sharing for digital content purchased from the LLC by customers using the LLCs Windows 8 applications. Microsoft has made and was obligated to continue to make guaranteed advance payments to the LLC in connection with such revenue sharing equal to $60,000 per year. Microsoft also has paid and was obligated to continue to pay to the LLC $25,000 each year for purposes of assisting the LLC in acquiring local digital reading content and technology development in the performance of the LLCs obligations under the commercial agreement.
The guaranteed advance payments in connection with revenue sharing as well as the amounts received for purposes of assisting the LLC in acquiring local digital reading content and technology development received from Microsoft were treated as debt in accordance with ASC 470-10-25-2, Sales of Future Revenues or Various Other Measures of Income. The Company estimated the cash flows associated with the commercial agreement and amortized the discount on the debt to
F-68
interest expense over the term of the agreement in accordance with ASC 835-30-35-2, The Interest Method. Upon termination of this agreement, the Company has accounted for this transaction in accordance with several accounting codifications covering this topic that require transactions with related parties to be accounted for as equity transactions and accordingly the remaining debt balance of $197,316 included within other long term liabilities was converted to equity. Notwithstanding this treatment, the limited liability company agreement of the LLC provides that, under certain conditions, partnership losses or deductions can be allocated for income tax purposes to Microsoft in respect of amounts advanced to the LLC under the terms of the commercial agreement.
Settlement and License Agreement
The patent agreement provided for Microsoft and its subsidiaries to license to the Company and its affiliates certain intellectual property in exchange for royalty payments based on sales of certain devices. Additionally, the Company and Microsoft dismissed certain outstanding patent litigation between the Company, Microsoft and their respective affiliates in accordance with the settlement and license agreement. The Company recorded the royalty expense on NOOK® sales in the statement of operations in cost of sales and occupancy with no expense or liability for the sale of devices prior to this agreement.
12. | Pearson |
On December 21, 2012, the LLC entered into an agreement with a subsidiary of Pearson plc (Pearson) to make a strategic investment in the LLC. That transaction closed on January 22, 2013, and Pearson invested approximately $89,500 of cash in the LLC in exchange for preferred membership interests representing a 5% equity stake in the LLC. Following the closing of the transaction, Barnes & Noble owned approximately 78.2% of the LLC and Microsoft owned approximately 16.8%. The preferred membership interests had a liquidation preference equal to the original investment. In addition, the LLC granted warrants to Pearson to purchase up to an additional 5% of the LLC under certain conditions. Upon the completion of the acquisition of Pearsons interest in the LLC, as stated below, the temporary equity was converted to permanent equity.
The fair value of the preferred membership interests warrant liability was calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation approach.
This methodology values financial instruments whose value is dependent on an underlying total equity value by sampling random paths for the total equity value. The assumptions that are analyzed and incorporated into the model include closing date, valuation date, sales price of the preferred membership interests and warrants, warrant expiration date, time to liquidity event, risk-free rate, volatility, various correlations and the probability of meeting the net sales target. Based on Barnes & Nobles analysis, the total fair value of preferred membership interests warrants as of the valuation date was $1,700 and was recorded as a noncurrent asset and a long-term liability. During the 13 weeks ended January 25, 2014, management determined that the probability of meeting the net sales target by the warrant measurement date was remote and fully wrote down the value of the warrant accordingly.
At closing, the LLC and Pearson entered into a commercial agreement with respect to distributing Pearson content in connection with this strategic investment. On December 27, 2013, the LLC entered into an amendment to the commercial agreement that extends the term of the agreement and the timing of the measurement period to meet certain revenue share milestones.
On December 22, 2014, Barnes & Noble entered into a Purchase Agreement (the Pearson Purchase Agreement) among Barnes & Noble, Barnes & Noble Education, NOOK Media Member Two LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (NOOK Member Two), Pearson Education, Inc. (Pearson Education) and Pearson Inc., pursuant to which Barnes & Noble Education and NOOK Member Two purchased from Pearson Education all of its convertible Series B preferred limited
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liability company interest in the LLC and all of its warrants to purchase additional Series B preferred limited liability company interests, in exchange for an aggregate purchase price equal to (i) $13,750 in cash and (ii) 602,927 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of Barnes & Noble. The transactions under the Pearson Purchase Agreement closed on December 22, 2014. The Company accounted for this transaction in accordance with ASC 810-10 and accordingly was reflected as an equity transaction. As a condition to closing, the parties entered into an amended and restated Digital Business Contingent Payment Agreement, pursuant to which a Digital Business Contingent Payment Agreement dated as of December 3, 2014, by and between Barnes & Noble, the LLC and Pearson, was amended and restated to include provisions consistent with the Digital Business Contingent Payment Agreement entered into with Morrison on December 3, 2014.
13. | Samsung Commercial Agreement |
On June 4, 2014, NOOK Digital, LLC (NOOK Digital) (formerly barnesandnoble.com llc), a wholly owned subsidiary of B&N Education as of such date and a subsidiary of Barnes & Noble, entered into a commercial agreement (Agreement) with Samsung Electronics America, Inc. (Samsung) relating to tablets.
Pursuant to the Agreement, NOOK Digital, after good faith consultations with Samsung and subject to Samsungs agreement, selected Samsung tablet devices under development to be customized and co-branded by NOOK Digital. Such devices are produced by Samsung. The co-branded NOOK® tablet devices are sold by NOOK Digital through Barnes & Noble retail stores, www.barnesandnoble.com, www.nook.com and other Barnes & Noble and NOOK Media websites. NOOK Digital and Samsung agreed to develop co-branded Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® tablets as the initial co-branded devices pursuant to the Agreement.
Under the Agreement, NOOK Digital committed to purchase a minimum of 1,000,000 NOOK®-Samsung co-branded devices from Samsung within 12 months after the launch of the initial co-branded device, which launch occurred on August 20, 2014. The 12-month period was automatically extended by three months due to the quantity of sales of such co-branded devices through December 31, 2014, and the period was further extended until June 30, 2016 by an amendment executed by the parties on March 7, 2015.
NOOK Digital and Samsung have agreed to coordinate customer service for the co-branded NOOK® devices and have both agreed to a license of intellectual property to promote and market the devices. Additionally, Samsung has agreed to fund a marketing fund for the co-branded NOOK® devices at the initial launch and for the duration of the Agreement.
The Agreement has a two year term, with certain termination rights, including termination (i) by NOOK Digital for a Samsung material default; (ii) by Samsung for a NOOK Digital material default; (iii) by NOOK Digital if Samsung fails to meet its shipping and delivery obligations in any material respect on a timely basis; and (iv) by either party upon insolvency or bankruptcy of the other party.
The companies introduced the Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 NOOK® in a 7-inch version in the U.S. in August 2014 and a 10-inch version in October 2014. The co-branded device combines the popular Samsung Galaxy Tab® 4 hardware with customized NOOK® software to give customers powerful, full-featured tablets that are designed for reading, with easy access to Barnes & Nobles expansive digital collection of approximately four million eBooks, digital magazines and newspapers.
14. | Tikatok Impairment Charge |
During fiscal 2013, the Company decided to shut down the operations of Tikatok. Tikatok was an online platform where parents and their children and others can write, illustrate and publish
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stories into hardcover and paperback books. This decision resulted in an impairment charge of $1,973, including the write-off of goodwill of $1,947 and intangible assets of $26 during the second quarter of fiscal 2013. The effect of Tikatok operations is not material to the overall results of the Company.
15. | Palo Alto Lease |
On June 5, 2014, the Company entered into an Assignment of Lease for its 208,000 square foot Palo Alto, California campus. Employees were relocated to a new state-of-the art facilities totaling 88,000 square feet. NOOK employees were moved to new facility in Santa Clara, California, while Barnes & Noble Colleges digital education employees were relocated to a facility in Mountain View, California. The relocations occurred during the first quarter of fiscal 2015. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, the Company recorded an asset impairment charge of $28,440 within selling and administrative expenses related to this relocation since the assignment of lease was being actively negotiated in fiscal 2014, and was completed prior to the issuance of the financial statements, the impaired assets that resulted from the completion of the assignment were reflected in the financial statements for fiscal 2014 in accordance with ASC 855-10 Subsequent Events. Of the $28,440 asset impairment charge that was recorded in fiscal 2014, $23,928 related to leasehold improvements, $2,750 related to furniture, fixtures, machinery and equipment and $1,762 related to assets under construction. The Company determined the impairment charge by comparing the estimated fair value to its carrying amount. The fair value was developed primarily using the cost approach in evaluating the replacement cost of the asset (Level 2 fair value assumptions) and then adjusting any value due to economic obsolescence, functional obsolescence or physical deterioration. The amount of the fair value measurement of the assets related to the relocation as of May 3, 2014 was $10,624. The lease termination was accounted for in the first quarter of fiscal 2015, which was the period in which the lease was assigned.
16. | Series J Preferred Stock |
On August 18, 2011, the Company entered into an investment agreement between the Company and Liberty GIC, Inc. (Liberty) pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to Liberty, and Liberty purchased, 204,000 shares of the Companys Series J Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (Preferred Stock), for an aggregate purchase price of $204,000 in a private placement exempt from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act. The shares of Preferred Stock will be convertible, at the option of the holders, into shares of Common Stock representing 16.6% of the Common Stock outstanding as of August 29, 2011 (after giving pro forma effect to the issuance of the Preferred Stock) based on the initial conversion rate. The initial conversion rate reflects an initial conversion price of $17.00 and is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances. The initial dividend rate for the Preferred Stock is equal to 7.75% per annum of the initial liquidation preference of the Preferred Stock to be paid quarterly and subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.
On April 8, 2014, Liberty sold the majority of its shares to qualified institutional buyers in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act and initially retained an approximate 10 percent stake of its initial investment. As a result, Liberty no longer has the right to elect two preferred stock directors to the Companys Board. Additionally, the consent rights and pre-emptive rights to which Liberty was previously entitled ceased to apply.
On June 5, 2015, the Company entered into Conversion Agreements with five existing beneficial owners (Series J Holders) of its Preferred Stock, pursuant to which each of the Series J Holders has agreed to convert (Conversion) shares of Preferred Stock it beneficially owns into shares of the Companys common stock, par value $0.001 per share (Company Common Stock), and will in addition receive a cash payment from the Company in connection with the Conversion. The Series J Holders have agreed to convert an aggregate of 103,995 shares of Preferred Stock into 6,117,347 shares of Company Common Stock in the Conversion, and the Company has agreed to
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make an aggregate cash payment to the Series J Holders of $8,104 plus cash in lieu of fractional shares in connection with the Conversion, in each case, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. The Company expects to issue the shares of Company Common Stock to be issued in the Conversion on or about July 9, 2015.
The number of shares of Company Common Stock to be issued was determined based on a conversion ratio of 58.8235 shares of Company Common Stock per share of Preferred Stock converted, which is the conversion rate in the Certificate of the Designations with respect to the Preferred Stock dated as of August 18, 2011.
17. | Shareholders Equity |
On May 15, 2007, the Companys Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program for the purchase of up to $400,000 of the Companys common stock. The maximum dollar value of common stock that may yet be purchased under the current program is approximately $2,471 as of May 2, 2015. Stock repurchases under this program may be made through open market and privately negotiated transactions from time to time and in such amounts as management deems appropriate. As of May 2, 2015, the Company has repurchased 34,840,750 shares at a cost of approximately $1,079,716 under its stock repurchase programs. The repurchased shares are held in treasury.
18. | Commitments and Contingencies |
The Company leases retail stores, warehouse facilities, office space and equipment. Substantially all of the B&N Retail stores are leased under noncancelable agreements, which expire at various dates through 2031 with various renewal options for additional periods. The agreements, which have been classified as operating leases, generally provide for both minimum and percentage rentals and require the Company to pay insurance, taxes and other maintenance costs. Percentage rentals are based on sales performance in excess of specified minimums at various stores.
B&N Colleges contracts are typically for five to ten years, although some extend beyond ten years. Many contracts have a 90 to 120 day cancellation right by B&N College, or by the college or university, without penalty.
The Company leases office space in New York, New York and Santa Clara, California for its NOOK operations (Note 21).
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Rental expense under operating leases is as follows:
Fiscal 2015 | Fiscal 2014 | Fiscal 2013 | ||||||||||
Minimum rentals |
$ | 419,602 | 424,952 | 413,751 | ||||||||
Percentage rentals |
108,315 | 98,467 | 101,960 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
$ | 527,917 | 523,419 | 515,711 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future minimum annual rentals, excluding percentage rentals, required under B&N Retail leases that had initial, noncancelable lease terms greater than one year, under B&N College and NOOK leases as of May 2, 2015 are:
Fiscal Year |
(a) | |||
2016 |
$ | 438,523 | ||
2017 |
396,514 | |||
2018 |
325,113 | |||
2019 |
257,501 | |||
2020 |
188,248 | |||
After 2020 |
335,849 | |||
|
|
|||
$ | 1,941,748 | |||
|
|
(a) | Includes B&N College capital lease obligations of $232, $39, $0, $0, $0 and $0 for 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and after 2020, respectively. |
The Company provides for minimum rent expense over the lease terms (including the build-out period) on a straight-line basis. The excess of such rent expense over actual lease payments (net of tenant allowances) is reflected in other long-term liabilities and accrued liabilities in the accompanying balance sheets.
Purchase obligations, which includes hardware and software maintenance contracts and inventory purchase commitments, as of May 2, 2015 are as follows:
Less Than 1 Year |
$ | 135,058 | ||
1-3 Years |
11,347 | |||
3-5 Years |
284 | |||
More Than 5 Years |
| |||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 146,689 | ||
|
|
19. | Segment Reporting |
The Companys three operating segments are B&N Retail, B&N College and NOOK.
B&N Retail
This segment includes 648 bookstores as of May 2, 2015, primarily under the Barnes & Noble Booksellers trade name. The 648 Barnes & Noble stores generally offer a dedicated NOOK® area, a comprehensive trade book title base, a café, and departments dedicated to Juvenile, Toys &
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Games, DVDs, Music, Gift, Magazine and Bargain products. The stores also offer a calendar of ongoing events, including author appearances and childrens activities. The B&N Retail segment also includes the Companys eCommerce website, barnesandnoble.com, and its publishing operation, Sterling Publishing.
B&N College
This segment includes 724 stores as of May 2, 2015, that are primarily school-owned stores operated under contracts by B&N College and include sales of digital content within the higher education marketplace through Yuzu. These B&N College stores generally offer course-related materials, which include new and used print textbooks and digital textbooks, which are available for sale or rent, emblematic apparel and gifts, trade books, computer products, NOOK® products and related accessories, school and dorm supplies, convenience and café items and graduation products.
NOOK
This segment includes the Companys digital business, including the development and support of the Companys NOOK® product offerings. The digital business includes digital content such as eBooks, digital newsstand, apps and sales of NOOK® devices and accessories to third-party distribution partners, B&N Retail and B&N College.
Summarized financial information concerning the Companys reportable segments is presented below:
Sales by Segment |
52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 |
53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 |
52 weeks ended April 27, 2013 |
|||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 4,108,243 | $ | 4,295,110 | $ | 4,568,243 | ||||||
B&N College |
1,772,389 | 1,748,042 | 1,763,248 | |||||||||
NOOK |
263,833 | 505,862 | 780,433 | |||||||||
Elimination |
(74,968 | ) | (167,657 | ) | (272,919 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
$ | 6,069,497 | $ | 6,381,357 | $ | 6,839,005 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Sales by Product Line |
52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 |
53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 |
52 weeks ended April 27, 2013 |
|||||||||
Media (a) |
70 | % | 68 | % | 67 | % | ||||||
Digital (b) |
5 | % | 9 | % | 12 | % | ||||||
Other (c) |
25 | % | 23 | % | 21 | % | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and Amortization |
52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 |
53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 |
52 weeks ended April 27, 2013 |
|||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 104,373 | $ | 125,991 | $ | 148,855 | ||||||
B&N College |
50,509 | 48,014 | 46,849 | |||||||||
NOOK |
39,292 | 42,802 | 31,430 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
$ | 194,174 | $ | 216,807 | $ | 227,134 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Profit/(Loss) |
52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 |
53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 |
52 weeks ended April 27, 2013 |
|||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 218,126 | $ | 228,062 | $ | 227,235 | ||||||
B&N College |
40,611 | 66,536 | 64,609 | |||||||||
NOOK |
(125,564 | ) | (260,406 | ) | (511,848 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
$ | 133,173 | $ | 34,192 | $ | (220,004 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Expenditures |
52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 |
53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 |
52 weeks ended April 27, 2013 |
|||||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 73,783 | $ | 66,763 | $ | 51,401 | ||||||
B&N College |
48,452 | 38,253 | 38,760 | |||||||||
NOOK |
21,022 | 29,965 | 75,674 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
$ | 143,257 | $ | 134,981 | $ | 165,835 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Assets(d) |
As of May 2, 2015 |
As of May 3, 2014 |
||||||
B&N Retail |
$ | 2,029,137 | $ | 2,234,795 | ||||
B&N College |
1,094,353 | 1,146,475 | ||||||
NOOK |
106,015 | 156,179 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total |
$ | 3,229,505 | $ | 3,537,449 | ||||
|
|
|
|
(a) | Includes tangible books, music, movies, rentals and newsstand. |
(b) | Includes NOOK®, related accessories, eContent and warranties. |
(c) | Includes Toys & Games, café products, gifts and miscellaneous other. |
(d) | Excludes intercompany balances. |
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A reconciliation of operating profit from reportable segments to income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes in the consolidated financial statements is as follows:
52 weeks ended May 2, 2015 |
53 weeks ended May 3, 2014 |
52 weeks ended April 27, 2013 |
||||||||||
Reportable segments operating income (loss) |
$ | 133,173 | $ | 34,192 | $ | (220,004 | ) | |||||
Interest expense, net and amortization of deferred financing costs |
(17,890 | ) | (29,507 | ) | (35,345 | ) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Consolidated income (loss) before taxes |
$ | 115,283 | $ | 4,685 | $ | (255,349 | ) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
20. | Legal Proceedings |
The Company is involved in a variety of claims, suits, investigations and proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of its business, including actions with respect to contracts, intellectual property, taxation, employment, benefits, securities, personal injuries and other matters. The results of these proceedings in the ordinary course of business are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Companys consolidated financial position or results of operations.
The Company records a liability when it believes that it is both probable that a liability will be incurred, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates, at least quarterly, developments in its legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that has been previously accrued and makes adjustments as appropriate. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount of a loss or potential loss. The Company may be unable to reasonably estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss for a particular legal contingency for various reasons, including, among others: (i) if the damages sought are indeterminate; (ii) if proceedings are in the early stages; (iii) if there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending proceedings (including motions and appeals); (iv) if there is uncertainty as to the likelihood of settlement and the outcome of any negotiations with respect thereto; (v) if there are significant factual issues to be determined or resolved; (vi) if the proceedings involve a large number of parties; (vii) if relevant law is unsettled or novel or untested legal theories are presented; or (viii) if the proceedings are taking place in jurisdictions where the laws are complex or unclear. In such instances, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the ultimate resolution of such matters, including a possible eventual loss, if any. With respect to the legal matters described below, the Company has determined, based on its current knowledge, that the amount of loss or range of loss, that is reasonably possible including any reasonably possible losses in excess of amounts already accrued, is not reasonably estimable. However, legal matters are inherently unpredictable and subject to significant uncertainties, some of which are beyond the Companys control. As such, there can be no assurance that the final outcome of these matters will not materially and adversely affect the Companys business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. The following is a discussion of the material legal matters involving the Company.
PATENT LITIGATION
Barnes & Noble, Inc. and its subsidiaries are subject to allegations of patent infringement by various patent holders, including non-practicing entities, sometimes referred to as patent trolls, who may seek monetary settlements from the Company, its competitors, suppliers and resellers. In some of these cases, the Company is the sole defendant. In others, the Company is one of a number of defendants. The Company is actively defending a number of patent infringement suits, and
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several pending claims are in various stages of evaluation. The following cases are among the patent infringement cases pending against the Company:
Technology Properties Limited et al. v. Barnes & Noble, Inc., et al.
On July 24, 2012, Technology Properties Limited, LLC, Phoenix Digital Solutions, LLC, and Patriot Scientific Corporation (collectively, TPL) filed a complaint against the Company in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The complaint alleges that the Company is infringing U.S. Patent No. 5,809,336, U.S. Patent No. 5,440,749, and U.S. Patent No. 5,530,890 through the importation, manufacture, use, offer for sale, and/or sale in the United States of NOOKTM products. The District Court stayed the action between September 26, 2012 and May 19, 2014 during the pendency of a related U.S. International Trade Commission investigation. On June 9, 2014, the Company answered the complaint, denying TPLs material allegations, asserting several affirmative defenses, and asserting counterclaims for a declaratory judgment of non-infringement and invalidity. On July 22, 2014, TPL served its preliminary infringement contentions. On September 12, 2014, the Company served its preliminary invalidity contentions.
On October 15, 2014, the District Judge overseeing the case found the case to be related to seven other pending cases in which TPL alleges that other defendants infringe the three asserted TPL patents. The District Judge then referred all eight cases to a Magistrate Judge for pretrial management purposes, including the preparation of a report and recommendation on claim construction and summary judgment. On November 20, 2014, the Magistrate Judge set various pretrial dates in the eight cases, including a July 22, 2015 fact discovery cutoff, a September 16, 2015 expert discovery cutoff, and a November 12, 2015 claim construction and summary judgment hearing. The Magistrate Judge did not set a trial date.
On February 4, 2015, the Company filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings directed to TPLs U.S. Patent No. 5,809,336 (336 patent) on the grounds that the 336 patent is barred by the Kessler doctrine because the ITC previously found that the Company did not infringe the 336 patent in the related ITC investigation and TPL chose not to appeal the ITCs decision to the Federal Circuit. On May 31, 2015, the Magistrate Judge issued a report and recommendation denying the Companys motion. The Company had until June 15, 2015 to file objections to the report and recommendation before the District Judge.
On April 10, 2015, the Company also filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings directed to TPLs U.S. Patent No. 5,440,749 (749 patent) on the grounds that the asserted claims of the 749 patent are invalid as indefinite for reciting both an apparatus and a method of using that apparatus. TPL opposed the Companys motion. Oral argument on the motion was held on May 19, 2015. The Magistrate Judge took the motion under submission.
Adrea LLC v. Barnes & Noble, Inc., barnesandnoble.com llc and Nook Media LLC
On June 14, 2013, Adrea LLC (Adrea) filed a complaint against Barnes & Noble, Inc., NOOK Digital, LLC (formerly barnesandnoble.com llc) and B&N Education, LLC (formerly NOOK Media LLC) (B&N) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York alleging that various B&N NOOK products and related online services infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 7,298,851 (851 Patent), 7,299,501 (501 Patent) and 7,620,703 (703 Patent). B&N filed its Answer on August 9, 2013, denying infringement and asserting several affirmative defenses. At the same time, B&N filed counterclaims seeking declaratory judgments of non-infringement and invalidity with respect to each of the patents-in-suit. Following the claim construction hearing held on November 1, 2013 (as to which the Court issued a claim construction order on December 1, 2013), the Court set a further amended case management schedule, under which fact discovery was to be (and has been) substantially completed by November 20, 2013, and concluded by December 9, 2013; and expert disclosures and discovery were to be (and have been) completed by January 17, 2014. According to the amended case
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management schedule, summary judgment motion briefing was to have been, and has now been completed as of February 21, 2014. The final pretrial conference, originally scheduled to be held on February 28, 2014, was adjourned by the Court until April 10, 2014. On that date the summary judgment motions were orally argued to the Court, and the Court reserved decision on such motions until a later date. The parties then discussed various pretrial proceedings with the Court, and the Court set the date of October 6, 2014 for trial. Subsequently, on July 1, 2014, the Court issued a decision granting partial summary judgment in B&Ns favor, and in particular granting B&Ns motion to dismiss one of Adreas infringement claims, and granting B&Ns motion to limit any damages award with respect to another of Adreas infringement claims.
Beginning October 7, 2014, through and including October 22, 2014, the case was tried to a jury in the Southern District of New York. The jury returned its verdict on October 27, 2014. The jury found no infringement with respect to the 851 patent, and infringement with respect to the 501 and 703 patents. It awarded damages in the amount of $1,330. The jury further found no willful infringement with respect to any patent.
To date, the Court has yet to enter judgment, as it is currently reviewing and deciding post-trial briefing with respect to certain legal issues raised by the parties, which, if decided in B&Ns favor, could overturn all or a portion of the jurys findings on liability. Once the Court determines those issues and enters judgment, it is anticipated that the parties will file post-judgment motions, including, on B&Ns part, a motion for judgment in its favor as a matter of law, notwithstanding the jurys verdict.
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation v. Barnes & Noble, Inc., et al.
On August 27, 2012, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) filed a complaint against Barnes & Noble, Inc. and seven other defendants in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleges that the Company is infringing U.S. Patent No. 5,487,069 (069 patent). On October 19, 2012, the Company answered the complaint, denying CSIROs material allegations, asserting several affirmative defenses, and asserting counterclaims for a declaratory judgment of invalidity and non-infringement. On February 19, 2013, the Company amended its answer to add an affirmative defense that the 069 patent is unenforceable due to inequitable conduct. On November 23, 2013, the 069 patent expired. On January 23, 2014, CSIRO served an amended complaint to allege that the Company is infringing the 069 patent because its products may support the 802.11 ac and draft ac standards. In this amended complaint, CSIRO dropped its request for injunctive relief. On January 23, 2014, the Company served an amended answer to set forth additional Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (F/RAND) related defenses and counterclaims: breach of contract, promissory estoppel, and waiver. On February 6, 2014, the Company and CSIRO responded to these amended pleadings.
On June 19, 2015, the Company and CSIRO executed an agreement to settle the action without the need for further litigation. The Company and CSIRO will be filing a dismissal of the action promptly.
OTHER LITIGATION AND PROCEEDINGS
Kevin Khoa Nguyen, an individual, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated v. Barnes & Noble, Inc.
On April 17, 2012, a complaint was filed in the Superior Court for the State of California against the Company. The complaint is styled as a nationwide class action and includes a California state-wide subclass based on alleged cancellations of orders for HP TouchPad Tablets placed on the
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Companys website in August 2011. The lawsuit alleges claims for unfair business practices and false advertising under both New York and California state law, violation of the Consumer Legal Remedies Act under California law, and breach of contract. The complaint demands specific performance of the alleged contracts to sell HP TouchPad Tablets at a specified price, injunctive relief, and monetary relief, but does not specify an amount. The Company submitted its initial response to the complaint on May 18, 2012, removing the case to the United States District Court for the Central District of California, and moved to compel plaintiff to arbitrate his claims on an individual basis pursuant to a contractual arbitration provision on May 25, 2012. The Company also moved to dismiss the complaint and moved to transfer the action to New York. The court denied the Companys motion to compel arbitration, and the Company appealed that denial to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The court granted the Companys motion to stay on November 26, 2012, and the action had been stayed pending resolution of the Companys appeal from the courts denial of its motion to compel arbitration. On August 18, 2014, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the district courts denial of the Companys motion to compel arbitration. On September 2, 2014, the Company filed a petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. On October 14, 2014, the court denied the Companys petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc, and on October 23, 2014, the mandate issued returning the case to the United States District Court for the Central District of California. The Company then refiled its motion to dismiss the complaint and motion to transfer the action to New York. On February 17, 2015, the court denied the Companys motion to transfer. On June 16, 2015, the court granted-in-part the Companys motion to dismiss to the extent certain California unfair business practices and false advertising claims sought restitution or injunctive relief and denied-in-part the Companys motion to dismiss as to the remaining claims. The surviving claims are for breach of contract, violation of the California Consumers Legal Remedies Act, and violation of two New York consumer protection statutes. The parties are engaging in discovery and pursuant to the courts scheduling order dated December 17, 2014 as amended on March 31, 2015 and June 12, 2015. All dates for the case have been scheduled, including the deadline for plaintiff to file for class certification of July 30, 2015, and a trial date of May 3, 2016.
PIN Pad Litigation
As previously disclosed, the Company discovered that PIN pads in certain of its stores had been tampered with to allow criminal access to card data and PIN numbers on credit and debit cards swiped through the terminals. Following public disclosure of this matter on October 24, 2012, the Company was served with four putative class action complaints (three in federal district court in the Northern District of Illinois and one in the Northern District of California), each of which alleged on behalf of national and other classes of customers who swiped credit and debit cards in Barnes & Noble Retail stores common law claims such as negligence, breach of contract and invasion of privacy, as well as statutory claims such as violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act, state data breach notification statutes, and state unfair and deceptive practices statutes. The actions sought various forms of relief including damages, injunctive or equitable relief, multiple or punitive damages, attorneys fees, costs, and interest. All four cases were transferred and/or assigned to a single judge in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, and a single consolidated amended complaint was filed. The Company filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated amended complaint in its entirety, and in September 2013, the Court granted the motion to dismiss without prejudice. The Plaintiffs then filed an amended complaint, and the Company filed a second motion to dismiss. That motion is pending.
The Company also has received inquiries related to this matter from the Federal Trade Commission and eight state attorneys general, all of which have either been closed or have not had any recent activity. The Company intends to cooperate with them if further activity arises. In addition, payment card companies and associations may impose fines by reason of the tampering and federal or state enforcement authorities may impose penalties or other remedies against the Company.
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Lina v. Barnes & Noble, Inc., and Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. et al.
On August 5, 2011, a purported class action complaint was filed against Barnes & Noble, Inc. and Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. in the Superior Court for the State of California making the following allegations with respect to salaried Store Managers at Barnes & Noble stores located in California from August 5, 2007 to present: (1) failure to pay wages and overtime; (2) failure to pay for missed meals and/or rest breaks; (3) waiting time penalties; (4) failure to pay minimum wage; (5) failure to reimburse for business expenses; and (6) failure to provide itemized wage statements. The claims are generally derivative of the allegation that these salaried managers were improperly classified as exempt from Californias wage and hour laws. The complaint contains no allegations concerning the number of any such alleged violations or the amount of recovery sought on behalf of the purported class. The Company was served with the complaint on August 11, 2011. On July 1, 2014 the court denied plaintiffs motion for class certification. The court ruled that plaintiff failed to satisfy his burden to demonstrate common issues predominated over individual issues, that plaintiff was a sufficient class representative, or that a class action was a superior method to adjudicate plaintiffs claims. Plaintiff filed a notice of appeal on August 29, 2014; under the current appeal briefing schedule, plaintiffs opening brief is due July 8, 2015 and Barnes & Nobles opposition is due August 7, 2015. On November 18, 2014, the trial court stayed all proceedings pending appeal. On January 14, 2015, Barnes & Noble removed the action to federal court based on new United States Supreme Court authority, and the district court remanded the action on April 1, 2015. On April 13, 2015, Barnes & Noble petitioned the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals for review of the remand decision. The Ninth Circuit denied the discretionary review and Barnes & Noble is considering a petition for an en banc review.
Jones et al v. Barnes & Noble, Inc., and Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. et al.
On April 23, 2013, Kenneth Jones (Jones) filed a purported Private Attorney General Act action complaint against Barnes & Noble, Inc. and Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. in the Superior Court for the State of California making the following allegations with respect to salaried Store Managers at Barnes & Noble stores located in California: (1) failure to pay wages and overtime; (2) failure to pay for missed meal and/or rest breaks; (3) waiting time penalties; (4) failure to pay minimum wage; (5) failure to provide reimbursement for business expenses; and (6) failure to provide itemized wage statements. The claims are generally derivative of the allegation that Jones and other aggrieved employees were improperly classified as exempt from Californias wage and hour laws. The complaint contains no allegations concerning the number of any such alleged violations or the amount of recovery sought on behalf of the plaintiff or the purported aggrieved employees. On May 7, 2013, Judge Michael Johnson (before whom the Lina action is pending) ordered the Jones action related to the Lina action and assigned the Jones action to himself. The Company was served with the complaint on May 16, 2013 and answered on June 10, 2013. On November 18, 2014, the court stayed all proceedings pending appeal in the related Lina action.
Cassandra Carag individually and on behalf of others similarly situated v. Barnes & Noble, Inc, Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc. and DOES 1 through 100 inclusive
On November 27, 2013, former Associate Store Manager Cassandra Carag (Carag) brought suit in Sacramento County Superior Court, asserting claims on behalf of herself and all other hourly (non-exempt) Barnes & Noble employees in California in the preceding four years for unpaid regular and overtime wages based on alleged off-the-clock work, penalties and pay based on missed meal and rest breaks, and for improper wage statements, payroll records, and untimely pay at separation as a result of the alleged pay errors during employment. Via the complaint, Carag seeks to recover unpaid wages and statutory penalties for all hourly Barnes & Noble employees within California from November 27, 2009 to present. On February 13, 2014, the Company filed an Answer in the state court and concurrently requested removal of the action to federal court. On May 30, 2014, the federal court granted Plaintiffs motion to remand the case to state court and denied
F-80
Plaintiffs motion to strike portions of the Answer to the Complaint (referring the latter motion to the lower court for future consideration). On September 2, 2014, the state court denied Plaintiffs motion to disqualify counsel based on their prior role in the Lina matter. On January 14, 2015, the Company removed the case to federal court based on new US Supreme Court authority. On June 11, 2015, the federal court remanded the case to Sacramento Superior Court. There are no existing deadlines on calendar. The Company anticipates filing a petition to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals for review of the federal courts remand decision.
Trimmer v. Barnes & Noble
On January 25, 2013, Steven Trimmer (Trimmer), a former Assistant Store Manager (ASM) of the Company, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Court) alleging violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and New York Labor Law (NYLL). Specifically, Trimmer alleges that he and other similarly situated ASMs were improperly classified as exempt from overtime and denied overtime wages prior to July 1, 2010, when the Company reclassified them as non-exempt. The complaint seeks to certify a collective action under the FLSA comprised of ASMs throughout the country employed from January 25, 2010 until July 1, 2010, and a class action under the NYLL comprised of ASMs employed in New York from January 25, 2007 until July 1, 2010. The Company opposed Trimmers motion to certify the collective action and class action. While those motions were pending, the parties engaged in settlement discussions and reached a settlement of the case on behalf of three plaintiffs (rather than a class). The settlement agreement was approved by the Court in May 2015 and the case was dismissed with prejudice.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Investigation
On October 16, 2013, the SECs New York Regional office notified the Company that it had commenced an investigation into: (1) the Companys restatement of earnings announced on July 29, 2013, and (2) a separate matter related to a former non-executive employees allegation that the Company improperly allocated certain Information Technology expenses between its NOOK and Retail segments for purposes of segment reporting. The Company is cooperating with the SEC, including responding to requests for documents.
21. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions |
The Company believes that the transactions and agreements discussed below (including renewals of any existing agreements) between the Company and related third-parties are at least as favorable to the Company as could have been obtained from unrelated parties at the time they were entered into. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors utilizes procedures in evaluating the terms and provisions of proposed related party transactions or agreements in accordance with the fiduciary duties of directors under Delaware law. The Companys related party transaction procedures contemplate Audit Committee review and approval of all new agreements, transactions or courses of dealing with related parties, including any modifications, waivers or amendments to existing related party transactions. The Company tests to ensure that the terms of related party transactions are at least as favorable to the Company as could have been obtained from unrelated parties at the time of the transaction. The Audit Committee considers, at a minimum, the nature of the relationship between the Company and the related party, the history of the transaction (in the case of modifications, waivers or amendments), the terms of the proposed transaction, the Companys rationale for entering the transaction and the terms of comparable transactions with unrelated third-parties. In addition, management and internal audit annually analyzes all existing related party agreements and transactions and reviews them with the Audit Committee.
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The Company completed the acquisition (the Acquisition) of B&N College from Leonard Riggio and Louise Riggio (the Sellers) on September 30, 2009. In connection with the closing of the Acquisition, the Company issued the Sellers (i) a senior subordinated note in the principal amount of $100,000, with interest of 8% per annum payable on the unpaid principal amount, which was paid on December 15, 2010 in accordance with its scheduled due date, and (ii) a junior subordinated note in the principal amount of $150,000 (the Junior Seller Note), with interest of 10% per annum payable on the unpaid principal amount, which was paid on September 30, 2014 in accordance with its scheduled due date. Pursuant to a settlement agreed to on June 13, 2012, the Sellers waived their right to receive $22,750 in principal amount (and interest on such principal amount) of the Junior Seller Note.
B&N College has a long-term supply agreement (Supply Agreement) with MBS Textbook Exchange, Inc. (MBS), which is majority owned by Leonard Riggio and other members of the Riggio family. MBS is a new and used textbook wholesaler, which also sells textbooks online and provides bookstore systems and distant learning distribution services. Pursuant to the Supply Agreement, which has a term of ten years, and subject to availability and competitive terms and conditions, B&N College will continue to purchase new and used printed textbooks for a given academic term from MBS prior to buying them from other suppliers, other than in connection with student buy-back programs. Additionally, the Supply Agreement provides for B&N College to sell to MBS certain textbooks that B&N College cannot return to suppliers or use in its stores. MBS pays B&N College commissions based on the volume of these textbooks sold to MBS each year and with respect to the textbook requirements of certain distance learning programs that MBS fulfills on B&N Colleges behalf. MBS paid B&N College $5,512, $7,097 and $8,106 related to these commissions in fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. In addition, the Supply Agreement contains restrictive covenants that limit the ability of B&N College and the Company to become a used textbook wholesaler and that place certain limitations on MBSs business activities. B&N College and Barnes & Noble also entered into an agreement with MBS in fiscal 2011 pursuant to which MBS agrees to purchase at the end of a given semester certain agreed upon textbooks which B&N College and Barnes & Noble shall have rented to students during such semester. Total sales to MBS under this program were $619, $1,388 and $772 for fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. In addition, B&N College entered into an agreement with MBS in fiscal 2011 pursuant to which MBS purchases books from B&N College, which have no resale value for a flat rate per box. Total sales to MBS under this program were $419, $602 and $503 for fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Total outstanding amounts payable to MBS for all arrangements net of any amounts due were $26,519 and $31,142 for fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2014, respectively.
The Company purchases new and used textbooks directly from MBS. Total purchases were $68,947, $84,498 and $93,514 for fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. MBS sells used books through the Barnes & Noble dealer network. The Company earned a commission of $2,269, $2,231 and $3,441 on the MBS used book sales in fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. In addition, Barnes & Noble hosts pages on its website through which Barnes & Noble customers are able to sell used books directly to MBS. The Company is paid a fixed commission on the price paid by MBS to the customer. Total commissions paid to the Company were $91, $99 and $104 for fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively.
In fiscal 2010, the Company entered into an agreement with TXTB.com LLC (TXTB), a subsidiary of MBS, pursuant to which the marketplace program on the Barnes & Noble website was made available through the TXTB website. The Company receives a fee from third-party sellers for sales of marketplace items and, upon receipt of such fee, the Company remits a separate fee to TXTB for any marketplace items sold through the TXTB website. In fiscal 2013, the Company also
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entered into an agreement with MBS Direct, a division of MBS, pursuant to which the marketplace program on the Barnes & Noble website was made available through the MBS Direct website. The Company receives a fee from third-party sellers for sales of marketplace items sold on the MBS Direct website and, upon receipt of such fee, remits a separate fee to MBS Direct for those sales. Total commissions paid to TXTB and MBS Direct were $389, $192 and $302 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Outstanding amounts payable to TXTB were $7 and $2 for fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2014, respectively. In fiscal 2011, the Company entered into an agreement with TXTB pursuant to which the Company became the exclusive provider of trade books to TXTB customers through the TXTB website. TXTB receives a commission from the Company on each purchase by a TXTB customer. Total commissions paid to TXTB were $40, $46 and $78 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Outstanding amounts payable to TXTB and MBS Direct under this agreement were $0 for fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2014.
In fiscal 2010, the Company entered into an Aircraft Time Sharing Agreement with LR Enterprises Management LLC (LR Enterprises), which is owned by Leonard Riggio and Louise Riggio, pursuant to which LR Enterprises granted the Company the right to use a jet aircraft owned by it on a time-sharing basis in accordance with, and subject to the reimbursement of certain operating costs and expenses as provided in, the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR). Such operating costs were $155, $175 and $159 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. LR Enterprises is solely responsible for the physical and technical operation of the aircraft, aircraft maintenance and the cost of maintaining aircraft liability insurance, other than insurance obtained for the specific flight as requested by the Company, as provided in the FAR.
The Company has leases for two locations for its corporate offices with related parties: the first location is leased from an entity in which Leonard Riggio has a majority interest and expires in 2023; the second location is leased from an entity in which Leonard Riggio has a minority interest and expires in 2016. The space was rented at an aggregate annual rent including real estate taxes of approximately $6,834, $4,299 and $5,098 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. The Company leased one of its B&N College stores from a partnership owned by Leonard Riggio, pursuant to a lease which was terminated on February 15, 2014. Rent of $685 and $862 was paid during fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. The Company leases an office/warehouse from a partnership in which Leonard Riggio has a 50% interest, pursuant to a lease expiring in 2023. The space was rented at an annual rent of $262, $707 and $707 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. During fiscal 2015, the Company received credits totaling $418 representing the net effect of inadvertent overpayment of construction expenses and underpayment of base rent previously paid. Net of subtenant income and credits received in 2015, the Company paid $174, $270 and $275 during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively.
The Company is provided with national freight distribution, including trucking services by Argix Direct Inc. (Argix), a company in which a brother of Leonard Riggio owns a 20% interest, pursuant to a transportation agreement which auto-renews with rate adjustments every two years and, at all times, requires a two-year notice to terminate. The Company paid Argix $47,536, $52,087 and $54,768 for such services during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively, of which approximately 74%, 73% and 74% were remitted by Argix to its subcontractors for fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively. Subcontractors are not related to the Company. At the time of the agreement, the cost of freight delivered to the stores by Argix was comparable to the prices charged by publishers and the Companys other third-party freight distributors. However, due to higher contracted fuel surcharge and transportation costs, Argixs rates are higher than the Companys other third-party freight distributors. While the terms are currently unfavorable due to the higher fuel surcharges, the Companys management believes these additional charges are mitigated by the additional delivery services that Argix provides. These additional services are beneficial to store productivity which is not consistently met by other third-party freight distributors. Prior to renewal, the Company conducts an internal analysis of Argixs rates, fuel surcharges and additional delivery services and benchmarks them against the Companys other carriers.
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Argix provided B&N College with transportation services under a separate agreement that expired April 30, 2015. B&N College paid Argix $936, $1,066 and $1,069 for such services during fiscal 2015, fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013, respectively.
On August 18, 2011, the Company entered into an investment agreement between the Company and Liberty GIC, Inc. (Liberty), a subsidiary of Liberty Media Corporation (Liberty Media), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to Liberty, and Liberty purchased, 204,000 shares of the Companys Series J Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $204,000 in a private placement exempt from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act.
On April 8, 2014, Liberty sold the majority of its shares to qualified institutional buyers in reliance on Rule 144A under the Securities Act and has retained an approximate 10 percent stake of its initial investment. As a result, Liberty will no longer have the right to elect two preferred stock directors to the Companys Board. Additionally, the consent rights and pre-emptive rights to which Liberty was previously entitled ceased to apply.
The Company purchased trade books, primarily craft and hobby books, from Leisure Arts, Inc. (Leisure Arts), a subsidiary of Liberty Media. Total purchases from Leisure Arts following the date of the Liberty investment were $38 and $45 during fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013. In fiscal 2013, the Company entered into agreements with Starz Entertainment LLC (Starz Entertainment), then a subsidiary of Liberty Media, pursuant to which Starz Entertainment registered for the NOOK® developer program whereby Starz applications were made available for consumer download on NOOK® devices. Separately, the Company entered into a License Agreement with Starz Media, LLC (Starz Media and, together with Starz Entertainment, Starz) in fiscal 2013, pursuant to which Starz granted certain video resale rights to the Company in exchange for royalty payments to Starz Media on such sales. Starz was spun-off from Liberty Media on January 11, 2013. Total payments to Starz during fiscal 2013 prior to the spin-off were $17. In fiscal 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with Sirius XM Radio, Inc. (Sirius), a subsidiary of Liberty Media, pursuant to which Sirius registered for the NOOK® developer program whereby Sirius applications were made available for consumer download on NOOK® devices. Total commissions received from Sirius during fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2013 were $1 and $0, respectively.
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22. | Dividends |
The Company paid a dividend to preferred shareholders in the amount of $16,026 and $15,768 in fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2014, respectively.
The Company paid no dividends to common stockholders during fiscal 2015 and 2014.
23. | Subsequent Events (Unaudited) |
On June 5, 2015, the Company entered into Conversion Agreements with five existing beneficial owners (Series J Holders) of its Preferred Stock, pursuant to which each of the Series J Holders has agreed to convert (Conversion) shares of Preferred Stock it beneficially owns into shares of the Companys common stock, par value $0.001 per share (Company Common Stock), and will in addition receive a cash payment from the Company in connection with the Conversion. The Series J Holders have agreed to convert an aggregate of 103,995 shares of Preferred Stock into 6,117,347 shares of Company Common Stock in the Conversion, and the Company has agreed to make an aggregate cash payment to the Series J Holders of $8,104 plus cash in lieu of fractional shares in connection with the Conversion, in each case, subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. The Company expects to issue the shares of Company Common Stock to be issued in the Conversion on or about July 9, 2015.
The number of shares of Company Common Stock to be issued was determined based on a conversion ratio of 58.8235 shares of Company Common Stock per share of Preferred Stock converted, which is the conversion rate in the Certificate of the Designations with respect to the Preferred Stock dated as of August 18, 2011.
24. | Selected Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited) |
A summary of quarterly financial information for fiscal 2015 and fiscal 2014 is as follows:
Fiscal 2015 Quarterly Period Ended On or About |
August 2, 2014 |
November 1, 2014 |
January 31, 2015 |
May 2, 2015 |
Fiscal Year 2015 |
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Sales |
$ | 1,236,447 | 1,687,820 | 1,961,151 | 1,184,079 | 6,069,497 | ||||||||||||||
Gross profit |
382,692 | 459,888 | 628,037 | 401,882 | 1,872,499 | |||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
$ | (28,449 | ) | 12,298 | 72,168 | (19,421 | ) | 36,596 | ||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
$ | (0.56 | ) | 0.12 | 0.96 | (0.37 | ) | 0.21 | ||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
$ | (0.56 | ) | 0.12 | 0.93 | (0.37 | ) | 0.21 | ||||||||||||
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Fiscal 2014 Quarterly Period Ended On or About |
July 27, 2013 |
October 26, 2013 |
January 25, 2014 |
May 3, 2014 |
Fiscal Year 2014 |
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Sales |
$ | 1,329,502 | 1,734,159 | 1,995,790 | 1,321,906 | 6,381,357 | ||||||||||||||
Gross profit |
368,201 | 461,942 | 603,441 | 424,351 | 1,857,935 | |||||||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
$ | (87,022 | ) | 13,229 | 63,229 | (36,704 | ) | (47,268 | ) | |||||||||||
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Net income (loss) |
$ | (1.56 | ) | 0.15 | 0.95 | (0.72 | ) | (1.12 | ) | |||||||||||
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$ | (1.56 | ) | 0.15 | 0.86 | (0.72 | ) | (1.12 | ) | |||||||||||
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F-86
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Barnes & Noble, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Barnes & Noble, Inc. as of May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 2, 2015. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Barnes & Noble, Inc. at May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended May 2, 2015, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Barnes & Noble, Inc.s internal control over financial reporting as of May 2, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated June 26, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP |
New York, NY June 26, 2015 |
F-87
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Barnes & Noble, Inc.
We have audited Barnes & Noble, Inc.s internal control over financial reporting as of May 2, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). Barnes & Noble, Inc.s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Managements Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Barnes & Noble, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of May 2, 2015, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Barnes & Noble, Inc. as of May 2, 2015 and May 3, 2014, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders equity and cash flows for each of the three years ended May 2, 2015 of Barnes & Noble, Inc. and our report dated June 26, 2015 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP |
New York, NY |
June 26, 2015 |
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MANAGEMENTS RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The management of Barnes & Noble, Inc. is responsible for the contents of the Consolidated Financial Statements, which are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The Consolidated Financial Statements necessarily include amounts based on judgments and estimates. Financial information elsewhere in the Annual Report is consistent with that in the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company maintains a comprehensive accounting system, which includes controls designed to provide reasonable assurance as to the integrity and reliability of the financial records and the protection of assets. An internal audit staff is employed to regularly test and evaluate both internal accounting controls and operating procedures, including compliance with the Companys statement of policy regarding ethical and lawful conduct. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors composed of directors who are not members of management, meets regularly with management, the independent registered public accountants and the internal auditors to ensure that their respective responsibilities are properly discharged. Ernst & Young LLP and the Internal Audit Department of the Company have full and free independent access to the Audit Committee. The role of Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, is to provide an objective examination of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the underlying transactions in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. The report of Ernst & Young LLP accompanies the Consolidated Financial Statements.
OTHER INFORMATION
The Company has included the Section 302 certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 to its Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2015 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Company will submit to the New York Stock Exchange a certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company certifying that he is not aware of any violation by the Company of New York Stock Exchange corporate governance listing standards.
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Exhibit 21.1
Significant Subsidiaries of Barnes & Noble, Inc.
1. | Barnes & Noble Booksellers, Inc., a Delaware corporation. |
2. | Barnes & Noble Education, Inc., a Delaware corporation |
3. | Barnes & Noble College Booksellers, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. |
4. | Barnes & Noble International LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. |
5. | Barnes & Noble Marketing Services LLC, a Virginia limited liability company. |
6. | Barnes & Noble Purchasing, Inc., a New York corporation. |
7. | Barnes & Noble Services, Inc., a New York corporation. |
8. | NOOK Digital, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. |
9. | Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation. |
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:
(1) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-201222, No. 333-23855, No. 333-69731, No. 33-84826 and No. 33-89258) of Barnes & Noble, Inc., and
(2) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-27033, No. 33-89260, No. 333-90538, No. 333-116382, No. 333-59111, No. 333-160560 and No. 333-183869) pertaining to the Employees Savings Plan of Barnes & Noble, Inc.;
of our reports dated June 26, 2015, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and schedule of Barnes & Noble, Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Barnes & Noble, Inc., included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended May 2, 2015.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP |
New York, New York |
June 26, 2015 |
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION BY THE
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO
17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)/15d-14(a),
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Michael P. Huseby, certify that:
1. | I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Barnes & Noble, Inc.; |
2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
4. | The registrants other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
a. | designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
b. | designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
c. | evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
d. | disclosed in this report any change in the registrants internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants most recent fiscal quarter (the registrants fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants internal control over financial reporting; and |
5. | The registrants other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrants auditors and the audit committee of the registrants board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
a. | all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrants ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
b. | any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrants internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: June 26, 2015
By: | /s/ Michael P. Huseby | |
Michael P. Huseby Chief Executive Officer Barnes & Noble, Inc. |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION BY THE
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO
17 CFR 240.13a-14(a)/15d-14(a),
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Allen W. Lindstrom, certify that:
1. | I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Barnes & Noble, Inc.; |
2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
4. | The registrants other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
a. | designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
b. | designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
c. | evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
d. | disclosed in this report any change in the registrants internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrants most recent fiscal quarter (the registrants fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrants internal control over financial reporting; and |
5. | The registrants other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrants auditors and the audit committee of the registrants board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
a. | all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrants ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
b. | any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrants internal control over financial reporting. |
Date: June 26, 2015
By: | /s/ Allen W. Lindstrom | |
Allen W. Lindstrom Chief Financial Officer Barnes & Noble, Inc. |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
RULE 13a-14(b) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
AND 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the annual report of Barnes & Noble, Inc. (the Company) on Form 10-K for the period ended May 2, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), I, Michael P. Huseby, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, to the best of my knowledge, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
(2) | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
/s/ Michael P. Huseby |
Michael P. Huseby |
Chief Executive Officer |
Barnes & Noble, Inc. |
June 26, 2015 |
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
RULE 13a-14(b) UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
AND 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the annual report of Barnes & Noble, Inc. (the Company) on Form 10-K for the period ended May 2, 2015, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), I, Allen W. Lindstrom, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, to the best of my knowledge, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1) | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and |
(2) | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. |
/s/Allen W. Lindstrom |
Allen W. Lindstrom |
Chief Financial Officer |
Barnes & Noble, Inc. |
June 26, 2015 |
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
Receivables, Net (Tables) |
12 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
May. 02, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Receivables | Receivables represent customer, private and public institutional and government billings, credit/debit card, advertising, landlord and other receivables due within one year as follows:
|
Summary of Restricted Stock Activity (Detail) - Restricted Stock - $ / shares shares in Thousands |
12 Months Ended | ||
---|---|---|---|
May. 02, 2015 |
May. 03, 2014 |
Apr. 27, 2013 |
|
Number of Shares | |||
Beginning Balance | 99 | 285 | 1,384 |
Granted | 43 | 61 | 60 |
Vested | (96) | (194) | (866) |
Forfeited | (3) | (53) | (293) |
Ending Balance | 43 | 99 | 285 |
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||
Beginning Balance | $ 14.09 | $ 15.91 | $ 19.68 |
Granted | 22.24 | 13.81 | 11.52 |
Vested | 14.10 | 16.15 | 20.49 |
Forfeited | 13.46 | 16.02 | 19.24 |
Ending Balance | $ 22.24 | $ 14.09 | $ 15.91 |
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