Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Management Estimates

Management estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from such estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue recognition — Revenues from daywork drilling and pressure pumping activities are recognized as services are performed.  Expenditures reimbursed by customers are recognized as revenue and the related expenses are recognized as direct costs.  All of the wells the Company drilled in 2015, 2014 and 2013 were drilled under daywork contracts.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable — Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount.  The allowance for doubtful accounts represents the Company’s estimate of the amount of probable credit losses existing in the Company’s accounts receivable.  The Company reviews the adequacy of its allowance for doubtful accounts at least quarterly.  Significant individual accounts receivable balances and balances which have been outstanding greater than 90 days are reviewed individually for collectability.  Account balances, when determined to be uncollectable, are charged against the allowance.

Inventories

Inventories — Inventories consist primarily of sand and other products to be used in conjunction with the Company’s pressure pumping activities.  The inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, determined under the average cost method.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment — Property and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation.  Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives.  The method of depreciation does not change whenever equipment becomes idle.  The estimated useful lives, in years, are shown below:

	Useful Lives
Drilling rigs and other equipment	1.25-15
Buildings	15-20
Other	3-12

Long-lived assets, including property and equipment, are evaluated for impairment when certain triggering events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable over their estimated remaining useful life.  

Oil and Natural Gas Properties

Oil and natural gas properties — Working interests in oil and natural gas properties are accounted for using the successful efforts method of accounting.  Under the successful efforts method of accounting, exploration costs which result in the discovery of oil and natural gas reserves and all development costs are capitalized to the appropriate well.  Exploration costs which do not result in discovering oil and natural gas reserves are charged to expense when such determination is made.  Costs of exploratory wells are initially capitalized to wells-in-progress until the outcome of the drilling is known.  The Company reviews wells-in-progress quarterly to determine whether sufficient progress is being made in assessing the reserves and economic viability of the respective projects.  If no progress has been made in assessing the reserves and economic viability of a project after one year following the completion of drilling, the Company considers the well costs to be impaired and recognizes the costs as expense.  Geological and geophysical costs, including seismic costs, and costs to carry and retain undeveloped properties are charged to expense when incurred.  The capitalized costs of both developmental and successful exploratory type wells, consisting of lease and well equipment and intangible development costs, are depreciated, depleted and amortized using the units-of-production method, based on engineering estimates of total proved developed oil and natural gas reserves for each respective field.  Oil and natural gas leasehold acquisition costs are depreciated, depleted and amortized using the units-of-production method, based on engineering estimates of total proved oil and natural gas reserves for each respective field.  

The Company reviews its proved oil and natural gas properties for impairment whenever a triggering event occurs, such as downward revisions in reserve estimates or decreases in expected future oil and natural gas prices.  Proved properties are grouped by field and undiscounted cash flow estimates are prepared based on management’s expectation of future pricing over the lives of the respective fields.  These cash flow estimates are reviewed by an independent petroleum engineer.  If the net book value of a field exceeds its undiscounted cash flow estimate, impairment expense is measured and recognized as the difference between net book value and fair value.  The fair value estimates used in measuring impairment are based on internally developed unobservable inputs including reserve volumes and future production, pricing and operating costs (Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy of fair value accounting).  The expected future net cash flows are discounted using an annual rate of 10% to determine fair value.  The Company reviews unproved oil and natural gas properties quarterly to assess potential impairment.  The Company’s impairment assessment is made on a lease-by-lease basis and considers factors such as management’s intent to drill, lease terms and abandonment of an area.  If an unproved property is determined to be impaired, the related property costs are expensed.  

Goodwill

Goodwill — Goodwill is considered to have an indefinite useful economic life and is not amortized.  The Company assesses impairment of its goodwill at least annually as of December 31, or on an interim basis if events or circumstances indicate that the fair value of goodwill may have decreased below its carrying value.

Maintenance and Repairs

Maintenance and repairs — Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense when incurred.  Renewals and betterments which extend the life or improve existing property and equipment are capitalized.

Disposals

Disposals — Upon disposition of property and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statement of operations.

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Net income (loss) per common share — The Company provides a dual presentation of its net income (loss) per common share in its consolidated statements of operations: Basic net income (loss) per common share (“Basic EPS”) and diluted net income (loss) per common share (“Diluted EPS”).  

Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by first allocating earnings between common stockholders and holders of non-vested shares of restricted stock.  Basic EPS is then determined by dividing the earnings attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, excluding non-vested shares of restricted stock.  

Diluted EPS is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of potential common shares, including stock options, non-vested shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units.  The dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units is determined using the treasury stock method.  The dilutive effect of non-vested shares of restricted stock is based on the more dilutive of the treasury stock method or the two-class method, assuming a reallocation of undistributed earnings to common stockholders after considering the dilutive effect of potential common shares other than non-vested shares of restricted stock.  

The following table presents information necessary to calculate net income (loss) per share for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, as well as potentially dilutive securities excluded from the weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	2015			2014			2013
BASIC EPS:
Net income (loss)	$	(294,486	)	$	162,664		$	188,009
Adjust for (income) loss attributed to holders of non-vested restricted stock		3,022			(1,663	)		(1,859	)
Income (loss) attributed to common stockholders	$	(291,464	)	$	161,001		$	186,150
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, excluding non-vested shares of  restricted stock		145,416			144,066			144,356
Basic net income (loss) per common share	$	(2.00	)	$	1.12		$	1.29
DILUTED EPS:
Income (loss) attributed to common stockholders	$	(291,464	)	$	161,001		$	186,150
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, excluding non-vested shares of restricted stock		145,416			144,066			144,356
Add dilutive effect of potential common shares		—			1,310			947
Weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding		145,416			145,376			145,303
Diluted net income (loss) per common share	$	(2.00	)	$	1.11		$	1.28
Potentially dilutive securities excluded as anti-dilutive		7,781			1,088			2,447

Income Taxes

Income taxes — The asset and liability method is used in accounting for income taxes.  Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date.  If applicable, a valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not that such assets will be realized.  The Company’s policy is to account for interest and penalties with respect to income taxes as operating expenses.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation — The Company recognizes the cost of share-based payments under the fair-value-based method.  Under this method, compensation cost related to share-based payments is measured based on the estimated fair value of the awards at the date of grant, net of estimated forfeitures.  This expense is recognized over the expected life of the awards (See Note 10).

Statement of Cash Flows

Statement of cash flows — For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on deposit and money market funds.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards — In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an accounting standards update to provide guidance on the recognition of revenue from customers.  Under this guidance, an entity will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects what it expects in exchange for the goods or services.  This guidance also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of the financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty, if any, of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.  The requirements in this update are effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016.  The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.  

In June 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to provide guidance on the accounting for share-based payments when the terms of an award provide that a performance target could be achieved after the requisite service period.  The guidance requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period is treated as a

performance condition.  The requirements in this update are effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015.  The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.  

In April 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to provide guidance for the presentation of debt issuance costs.  Under this guidance, debt issuance costs shall be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt and shall not be classified as a deferred charge. Amortization of debt issuance costs shall continue to be reported as interest expense.  The requirements in this update are effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to provide guidance for the presentation of deferred tax liabilities and assets.  Under this guidance, for a particular tax-paying component of an entity and within a particular tax jurisdiction, all deferred tax liabilities and assets, as well as any related valuation allowance, shall be offset and presented as a single noncurrent amount. The requirements in this update are effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.