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Revenue Recognition
6 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2016
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]  
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes product revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and collectability is probable. Recovery of costs associated with product design and engineering services are recognized during the period in which services are performed. The product design and engineering recovery, when recognized, will be reported as a reduction to product development and engineering expense. Historically, these recoveries have not exceeded the cost of the related development efforts.
The Company includes revenue related to technology licenses as part of “Net sales.” Historically, revenue from these arrangements has not been significant though it is part of the Company's recurring ordinary business.
The Company defers revenue recognition on shipment of products to certain customers, principally distributors, under agreements which provide for limited pricing credits or return privileges, until these products are sold through to end-users or the return privileges lapse. For sales subject to certain pricing credits or return privileges, the amount of future pricing credits or inventory returns cannot be reasonably estimated given the relatively long period in which a particular product may be held by the customer. Therefore, the Company has concluded that sales to customers under these agreements are not fixed and determinable at the date of the sale and revenue recognition has been deferred. The Company estimates the deferred gross margin on these sales by applying an average gross profit margin to the actual gross sales. The average gross profit margin is calculated for each category of material using standard costs which is expected to approximate actual costs at the date of sale. The estimated deferred gross margins on these sales, where there are no outstanding receivables, are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets under the heading of “Deferred revenue.”
The Company records a provision for estimated sales returns in the same period as the related revenues are recorded. The Company bases these estimates on historical sales returns and other known factors. Actual returns could be different from Company estimates and current provisions for sales returns and allowances, resulting in future charges to earnings. There were no significant impairments of deferred cost of sales in the second quarters of fiscal years 2017 or 2016.
The Company records a provision for sales rebates in the same period as the related revenues are recorded. These estimates are based on sales activity during the period. Actual rebates given could be different from our estimates and current provisions for sales rebates, resulting in future charges to earnings. The estimated sales rebates for sales activity during the period where there are no outstanding receivables are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets under the heading of “Accrued liabilities.” The portion of the estimated sales rebate where there are outstanding receivables is recorded on the balance sheet as a reduction to accounts receivable.